o 200? isaEin 4
California State L,L
CALIFORNIA STATE LIBRARY
SACRAMENTO
This book is due on the last date stamped
below. Books may not be renewed.
B0601-610 4-77 40M ® 0 OSP
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\
An Illustrated Journal of
BV i>ic\vi-:y ^ OOJ
I'ut «->nt Solicitor*.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. JANUARY 2, 1875.
VOLUME XXX
3\»mil>oi* 1.
Improved Current Water Wheel.
The uu aus of utilizing th" pow, r afforded by
the current of u river, where sufficient full can-
not be obtained to rnn u turbine wheel success
fnlly, have been brought to comparative perfec-
tion wiihiu a few yean by the improvements
which have been made in this class of device-*.
Necessarily, where even the beat form of cur-
rent wheel is used, the application of the power
of the stream is made in but an imperfect de-
gree an regards economy, a largo proportion of
it running to waste, and only the effect of the
water directly in contact with
the wheel being gained; but
as no other expense than
that of constructing and set-
ting the wheel is incurred»
the investment is often a
very profitable one. To ob~
tain nil the power which the
volume of water in the stream
would afford would require
the building of a dam, and
consequently the employ-
ment of capital, frequently
to a very liberal extent, in
securing the primary facili-
ties for doing business; and
where this capital is not at
command, or a large business
is noL contemplated, an am-
ple return may bo realized
on a moderate investment by
putting in a enrrent wheel
of the most approved con-
struction. Such a wheel is
illustrated in the accompa-
nying engraving, which
shows a basin made in the
bank at right angles wiih
the stream, ilR sirieH being
protected by planking, for
which stone may be substi-
tuted, if cheaper or more
convenient. In this basin
floats the raft which carries
the wheel, the frame of the
raft being so made as to bal-
ance the weight of the wheel.
The basin or slip is dug
deep enough to float the raft
and wheel at low water, and
extends into the bank a dis-
tance equal to the length of
the whole apparatus, which
may thus be drawn back en-
tirely out of the current.
This is a point of special
value, as by means of this
arrangement the wheel and *
raft can be withdrawn out of reach of drift
wood and thus be protected from injury
when the stream is swollen by heavy rain or
melting snows,
The wheel, which is an undershot, is shown
projecting into the current and in operation,
its motion being communicated through the
gearing A, to the horizontal shaft B. On this
shaft slides a loose pulley, C, having on the
left hand side of its hub an annualar recess and
a clutch, by which, when desired, it is engage^
with the shaft B. The annualar recess receive8
one end of the shipper lever D, the other en&
of which is made fast on the bank, and by
means of a hinge the lever is rendered adapia_
ble to the position of the raft at any stage of
water. The shaft E, which is rotated by a
wheel at one end as shown, has chains wound
around it, leading to the opposite ends of the
raft; and thus, by turning the wheel toward
the bank, the raft is drawn in, while by turn-
ing in the other direction it is moved out into
the stream. "When the raft is run out, the
Wheel is held in position by a pawl whieh
drops into a recess in the thaft E. The rollers
F, on the sides of the raft only one of which
is shown in the engraving, facilitate the mov-
ing of the raft by their contact with the plank-
ing of the baeia, preventing the friction which
would result from the raft being forced by the
. i. hi against the side of the slip.
It will be Been that when the rift is move 1
out, the lever D will draw the crutch into ac-
tion, and the motion of the shaft 11, received
from the water wheel, will be transmitted
through the lnoso pulley, C, and its belt to the
machinery of the mill. On the other hand,
when the raft is drawn in, the IcverD, remain-
ing rigid, will push th^ parts of the clutch
asunder and the loose pulley will cease to turn.
By this arrangement, the same appliances by
which the raft is moved in and out serve to
regulate the transmission of power and the
starting and stopping of the machinery.
Mere Rain Wanted.
The immediate want of rain is not urgent,
according to such information as we can ob-
tiin from correspondents, exchanges aud other
sources, but serious apprehensions are looming
up in connection with the prospect of a dry
winter which many now predict. We have no
sympathy with croakers; and one of the re-
groU growing out of the present nnhopefoi as-
pect of the season, is a sort of mortification at
thesutis'ac'ion which these evil prophets man-
ifest over the seeming truthfulness of their pre-
McCAETY'S CURRENT WATER WHEEL.
Any additional information concerning this
improvement may be obtained of the inventor
aud patentee, Mr. M. McCarty, Pueblo, Col.
The Sacramento "Union" Sold. — The Sacra,
mento Union, according to previous announce-
ment, was sold to the highest bidder,' in the
street in front of that office, on Monday last.
There were but two bidders Messrs. Larkin,
(who was the party desiring to sell out) 'and
Mr. Morrill, who represented the remaining
interest. The first offer was $50,000, which
was followed by $60,000; $02,500 and $65,000
at which latter price it was knocked down to
Morrill, who represented the majority interest
in the proprietorship. Hence the paper will
be continued without any change in (he man-
ner or tone of its management.
Wisconsin is the latest location of our East-
ern mining excitement Two California miners
are reported as having struck a quartz lead there
which assays $1,700 to the ton. Those two
California miners may fool some of the Wiscon-
sin people into buying the whole thing on the
basis of $1,700 per ton, and do well with the
claim.
dictions. It will be remembered that on the
appearance of the first rains of the season,
which were unusually early and copious, fears
were entertained that they would be followed
by a dry winter; and at the present time there
is, it must be confessed, too near a prospect of
those fears being realized.
"While we do not believe in gauging our op-
era'.ions or allowing our feelings to be Bwayed
by the predictions of those who are continually
prophesying evil, we are not disposed to close
our eyes to anything that is so near an approach
to disaster as the present scarcity of rain ren-
ders imminent. We might as well face the mu-
sic at once, as to wait until the din becomes
confusing.
In many localities in the mining districts, the
weather is too cold to work anyhow, In other
places they were not quite ready at the time of
the last storm ; but have their claims all pre-
pared to go ahead on now. Most of the miners
are hopeful of a good water season, and a plen-
tiful harvest of yellow dust. It is to be hoped
that a good supply of snow wilt store itself up
on the mountains for summer use, so that the
ditches and pipes will run full until late in the
seas ok.
Rosita Mining District.
The Rosita or Hardt*crabble mining district
is located in the southwestern part of Fremont
county, Colorado, aud is one of the most ac-
csssible silver nvuing districts in Southern
Colorado, being fifty miles southwest frow
Pueblo, and 30 milessinth of Canon City. The
communication wi^h both places is made over
excellent wagon roads.
W. H. Holmes kindly sends usths following
information concerning this district: The min-
ing town of Rosita is the center of the rich-
est miue^ that cover the
surrounding bills in every
direction. It has apopula-
tion of 500— mos'ly mi-
ners— and contains three
hotels, four stores, school
and "meeting house." It is
a wide awake, growing
town and one of the most
orderly and respectable min-
ing communities in the Ter-
ritory. Rosita is at an alti-
tude of 8600 feet above the
level of the s?a, being situ-
ated on the southwestern
slope of the Wet mountain
range, and protected by the
mountains from the prevail-
ing winds. The wintera
here are mild, the tempera*
ture corresponding with
that of Denver, 150 miles
farther north, Mining can
be prosecuted here during
the entire winter.
The first work on these
mines began about two
yeais ago. Since that time
the work of prospecting
and developing tuese mines
has gone steadily on, though
for the want of capital the
development of some of the
best mines has progressed
slowly. Capital for the de-
velopment of these mines
and the erec'.ion of reduc-
tion works at this place
for the treatment of the
lower grade ores is greatly
needed. The best authori-
ties on mines in the Ter-
ritory have stated that the
precio.us metal here will
undoubtedly develop it into
one of the richest silver
mining districts in Colorado.
Prof. Hayden aud Lieuten-
ant Wheeler's parties visited this district
during the summers of 1873 and 74, and give
the most favorable report of them.
The veins throughout the district are well
defined, and show high grade silver ore, speci-
men assays running up from $35 to $15,000
per ton, notwithstanding that 100 feet is the
greatest depth to which any shaft has been
sunk. Several mines are now shipping ore
to Black Hawk, Golden and other points that
sells for $300 to $400 per ton. It is reported
that some of it sells for a much higher sum.
Joe Sealey, Deputy County Surveyor for
Inyo county, is engaged in chaining and map-
ping a road from Panamint via Darwin city
aud New Coso, to the point of connection with
the Cerro Gordo and Lone Pine road at
Swansea.
The improvements now going forward at the
Savage hoisting works are being pushed to
completion with all speed. They are of a sub-
stantial character, like all the improvements
made about the mines of late years.
Within the past few weeks $100,000 has been
invested in the mines of Bingham, Utah, by
California parties.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS,
[January 2, 1875.
The Big Mill.
About three- months ago the Consolidated
Virginia mine, on the Comstock, commenced
the erection, in connection with their hoisting
works, .of an immense steam mill, for the
reduction of silver ore. It is the largest steam
silver mill on the coast, and from the complete-
ness of its arrangements and its conveniences
for handling and reducing ores, it will be found
to excel more in capacity than in size and
dimensions and the number of the stamps.
The Virginia Independent, in describing this big
mill, says : The ground where the mill stands
is admirably adapted to its present uses. The
site is to the north and east of the hoisting
works, and between the two the descent is
such that the ore can be run from the level of
the surface of the hoisting works, and reach
the mill at its very pinnacle. The ground
covered by the mill also descends very rapid'y
to the east, so that the ore falls naturally to
the stamps; from the stamps, by distributing
sluices, the pulp drops to the tanks, from the
tanks to the pans, and so on down by a gradual
descent to the agitator room. Some idea of
The Dimensions of the Mill
May be gained from the following particulars :
The battery building is 110 feet long, by 48 feet
wide; the pan building is 195 feet long by 92
feet wide; the engine room is 58 feet by 92 feet,
and the retort house 25 feet by GO feet, the
whole covering over 26,000 square feet of
ground. Besides these buildings there is an
office 20 by 30 feet, fronting on G street.
The Engine
Is a compound condensing, or" low pressure
engine, of 600 horse power, with cylinders 24
by 48 and 48 by 48 inches respectively. The
steam is admitted into the 24 by 48 cylinder
and cut off at the half stroke. It is then taken
into the expansion cylinder, which is 48 by 48,
and oontains four times the cubical contents of
the smaller one, and thus an expansion of eight
times is gained. After leaving the expansiou
cylinder the steam exhausts into tho condenser.
This gives the vacuum power or the power
resulting from the atmospheric pressure at this
altitude in addition to the expansive power of
the steam.
The Engine Shaft
Is 14 inches in diameter, and carries a band
wheel 18 feet in diameter, weighing 33,000
pounds, which drives the battery part of the
works. This shaft itself weighs 15,000 pounds,
and the approximate weight of the whole
engine is 100,000 pounds, or 50 tons. The
foundation of this ponderous piece of machin-
ery contains 450 cubic yards of masonry, laid
in cement, and weighs 600 tons. This engine
shaft is coupled to an extension 11 inches in
diameter, which drives the amalgamating part
of the works.
The Boilers, Etc.
The boilers which supply this monstrous
motive power with steam, cousist of four pairs,
54 inches by 16 feet, so arranged as to run a
single pair at a time, or all together. The
smoke-stacks are 42 inches in diameter, and
stand 90 feet from the ground. There are also,
in connection with the boilers, two steam
pumps, for feed and fire purposes; to these a
water-hose is constantly attached and ready
for use in case of fire. The roof of the engine
room rises to the hight of 50 feet; the western
earth or embankment wall is 22 feet high,
built of hewn trachyte rock, and, with the
other embankment walls, contains 4,000
perch of stone, We will now commence and
trace
The Ore from the Mine through the Mill.
The mill is connected with the hoisting
works by means of a covered trestlework, 44
feet in hight at the mill end. The same cars
used in the mine will be run in trains by mule
power from the mine, 278 feet to the mill. The
trains will consist of from six to ten cars. It
will take a car-load every five minutes to sup-
ply the demands of the mill. These cars are
dumped into shutes, one on each side the
center, from which the fine ore sifts into the
ore bins below. The part of the ore first
dumped is carried back from the center by
shutes, and thus becomes equally distributed
into the feed bins. From the feed bins the ore
is taken by Tulloch's self-feeders and given to
the batteries as it is required.
The Batteries
Are driven from a oounter shaft propelled by
the large bund wheel below, the connection
with which is made by a belt 24 inches wide
and 160 feet. long. From this counter shaft
the batteries are driven by 14-inch belts, 60
feet long, The batteries are run in sets of 10
stamps each, and clutches are so arranged as to
stop any ten without interfering with the
working of the other machinery, The bat-
.taries consist of 60 stamps of 800 pounds each.
The mortars are so arranged as not to interfere
with pntting shoes and dies into the lotteries,
as they discharge at one side and are two
nearly together instead of separately and in the
center. From eaoh division of 30 stamps there
are
Distributing Sluices
"Which convey the pulp into the settling tanks.
From the tanks it is shoveled out upon the
platform in front of the pans. There are 16
pans on each side. These are flat-bottomed, 3
feet in diameter and calculated to hold about
two tons each. The pans have steam bottoms,
aud are arranged to admit live steam into the
pulp or under the bottom. There is a settler to
each pair of pans, making 8 on each side.
These are 9 feet in diameter and 3 feet deep.
From the 15 settlers the pulp is discharged
into four agitators, and these discharge in turn
into the tail sluice which is placed at the end
of all the other appliances. The heavy stuff in
the agitators will be cleaned out twice every 24
hours and subjected to further working by four
more pans and two settlers placed id the agita-
tor room.
The Quicksilver
Tank is placed in the store-room under the
ore bins, and will come down pipes to the dis-
tributing tanks in the pan-room. From these
tanks it will be distributed through pipes to
the charging bowls of the pans. After passing
through the pans and settlers it is discharged
from each settler direct into each strainer. A
pipe leads from the bottom of each strainer to
the main receiving tank, which is placed below
everything and in the center of the pan-room
to catch all; and from that it is pumped up
into the main distributing reservoir again.
There are two of these reservoirs — one on each
side.
The Amalgam
Kemains in the strainers, and is takon by au
amalgam car, holding about twenty touB,
which runs through the center of the pan
building to the retort room. The same car
takes retorted silver back into the mill circula-
tion. Each pan and settler can be stopped
without interfering with the other machinery.
Each row of pans and battery has a traveling
tackle for convenience of handling the stamps
and pan mullers. The strainers are provided
with locks and covers for protecting the amal-
gam.
The Retort Room
Is built of brick and contains four retorts, each
of which is calculated to hold 2,000 pounds.
These are so arranged that any one or more of
them can be run. The|flues lead into a brick
chimney fifty feet in hight. Back of the reduc-
tion works is a
Cooling Reservoir
About 200 feet square, where the water from
the condenser can radiate its heat and attain
the required temperature to be used again.
And the controlling mind which mastered all
these details, and so admirably arranged every*
thing with an eye to convenience and business
is
W. H. Fatten, Designer ant! Superintending
Engineer
At the works. He it is who has planned and
arranged it all. He is the master designer of
all the vast complications of machinery, all of
which has been constructed according to his
directions. The arrangements are ample, yet
compact. There is no waste room and no
more room needed. There is no superfluous
machinery, and none wanted which is not in
place. Everything is economized, yet of the
best material and put down to stay. As to the
quality of materials used, no expense has been
spared to get-the best. What was needed was
got. The cost of the mill is about $250,000,
including the grading. A few years ago it
would have cost half a million. This economy
could not have been secured, except Mr. Pattou
had know just exactly what was wauted, and
how much of everything would be needed.
The work will be so far progressed that
steam will be got up about Christmas, and the
month of January will see this largest and best
.silver mill in successful operation. Many a
whole town on the coast is maintained by the
prtronage of a much smaller institution.
The Iowa Hill Canal,
Mining Theories.
Kecent developments have set those persons
who have their peculiar theories about the
course of tho Comstock lode all at sea.
Millions of dollars have been expended Jin
tracing the ledge, and millions more will be
spent in finding its direction north and south.
The many-ledge theory which was much in
vogue in early days, and on which many im-
portant suits were decided, but which subse-
quently gave way to the one-ledge theory, is
being adopted again. Others take the ground
that several ledges on the surface come together
like the leaves of a book thousands of feet
below. Some think that at the divide the
Comstock breaks into three branches, one ex-
tending through American flat, one down
through Gold hill aud another further east.
Experts from Freiburg, and miners from
Mexico and Peru, have given their opinions on
these points on the witness stand, and been
subjected to a rigid examination, but after the
cases were submitted the jury knew about as
much about the question as they did about the
volcanos in the nioon. In scarcely an instance
has actual development shown any of the
theories upon which men staked their reputa-
tions, and sometimes lost their lives, to have
been correct. The thousand abandoned pros-
pecting shafts and tunnels that honeycomb the
sides of Mount Davidson, Cedar hill and the
surrounding country for miles, speak for them-
selves, and show the uncertainty of mining.
What has been shown by prospecting is known,
and nothing more. Who knows but that far
east and west of the present developments rich
bonanzas exist, which will hereafter be dis-
covered? Theorizing on croppings and the
course of ledges is about played out, and ex-
perienced mining superintendents no longer
place confidence in what is not in sight. — Vir-
ginia Chronicle.
A correspondent writes to the Placer Argus
giving an account of the season's work on the
Iowa Hill canal, from which we make the fol-
lowing extracts: The right of loute is one of
the best in the State; the cost of construction
so far, for so large a work, taking as a basis of
comparison tho figures given in Langley's
Pacific Coast Directory of all the canals m the
country, amounting together to over 6,000
miles, is I am safe in saying, far less than any
similar work in the State ; tlie water shed is
simply enormoiis; the expense, of repairs, and
attendance, from trie favorable character of
country it passes through, except the upper
end, will be trifling; the territory it commands
is inexhaustible in wealth aud extent, for by a
judicious system of reservoirs, which is the
cheapest process in the end, the water supply,
without goiug farther than Sailor and New
York carious, can be delivered over the whole
of the upper portion of the county, from Iowa
hill to Michigan bluffs, in abundance, for
seven or eight months in the year, aud that is
long euough. I might with advantage mention
several more salient points this great work
possesses over its compeers in other parts of
the State, only I am afraid of being too
lengthy.
As a matter of course, those at a distance
having an interest in the matter, either pecu-
niarily or otherwise, will like to hear about the
progress of the work this season. I believe I
may say it has been satisfactory in every way.
I have already expressed through the columns
of a San Francisco paper the respect I felt for
the leading men of the company for the vast
amount of work they have accomplished during
the first season under the most pressing diffi-
culties. Financially, the present season has
been equally harassing; but with true California
pluck, they kept economically and steadily at
work, and the results as they stand to-day,
rather increase my admiration than otherwise.
The hardest part of their labors is over; the
remainder is oasy. There are now 26 miles of
canal, seven feet on the bottom, with reservoir,
waste gates, and flumes to Tadpole lake,
complete. The main ditch in its original
capacity, stops about four miles from town, and
is thence divided into two branches, somewhat
smaller, going respectively to Iowa and Wis-
consin hills, and "covering all the claims on
either side of Indian canon. Some of these
claims are now fixing up on an extensive scale,
having in all cases not less than 500 feet pres-
sure.
The main reservoir eight miles from town,
has been raised from 32 to 50 feet, widened 10
feet, and extended from hill to hill bounding the
valley, making the total length of wall 286
yards. The amount of dirt put in the reser
voir this season by 10 Chinamen and four
horses was 17,000 cubic yards, besides doing
3-i days outside work in the neighborhood.
Since the horses were drawn off on account of
storms, a railroad has been put on the entire
length of the reservoir, and two large cars will
ba kept running all winter. The track raises
the wall au additional two feet, so that the en-
tire available capacity of the reservoir is now
from 48 to 50 feet of water in depth at the main
trunk, 286 yards in width, with an oveiflow of
somewhat over 100 acres. Basing my calcula-
tions upon the amount of water discharged to
Judge Spears claim, for six consecutive weeks,
last season without any supply coming in, I
make the cash value of such filling about $>7,-
500. ' Now if as some contend, it can be filled
four times in an ordinary season, we see at
once the respectable sum the company will re-
alize this winter; but whether it can be filled
four times or not, for I admit there is a differ-
ence of opinion upon the matter, one thing is
certain, the company will realize enough to
place them beyond all external pressure in the
future. This I mention as a final victory se-
cured beyond controversey.
The demand for water this season is about
5.0U0 inches a day, but the company will not
attempt to supply more than 3,000. Can they
really supply this large amount? Let us see.
On the first of the current month," there were
25 feet of water in the reservoir, with a daily
supply of 400 inches, besides 2,000 inches
turned off at Tadpole, owing to a break in the
flume at that place, but which will be repaired
before you receive this letter. Here then in
solving the question of supply one finds this
startling fact; in two seasons' work the com-
pany is in a position on the 1st of December,
1874, to supply 2,400 inches a day, a fact un-
precedented in ]the history of this divide, and
1 believe unlocked for by the most sanguine.
Of course this supply at so early a period, will
be greatly reduced, perhaps slopped altogether
when frost and snow set in at Tadpole. Well,
never mind that, what we want to get at is the
actual and possible supply, that is, what can
really be done under ordinary circumstances.
It is. a money calculation, and must be free from
all bosh and exaggeration. In this spirit I hold
the facts as we fiud them to-day, settle th
question of supply in the affirmative, aud just
a little more; they silence forever the miserable
croakers who in turn, are glad enough to take
the pay aud feed of the com r: any when they
can get it, but who in turn, foolish and un-
grateful to the extreme, can never give them a
well earned word of praise or encouragement.
From the reservoir to the Secret house, the
canal has been cleaned and widened, and put
in perfect condition, except in one place, which
the early break in the weather prevented being
finished thoroughly. These few rods however,
will not materially interfere. It would simply
have been better if the cement at this place
could have been cut down a little. From the
Secret house to Tadpole, a fine substantial
flume one mile and a half long, sis feet and a
half wide, and five feet deep, round an almost
inaccessible point of rocks has been built, and
is, perhaps, the most creditable portion of the
whole work. It has certainly been the most
tedious and difficult. This ends the season's
work. Next season all that is required will be
to reach Sailor canyon, if possible,, and to
build a couple of reservoirs. That done, and
Placer county may be proud of the Iowa Hill
canal, for in every respect, it will be a mag-
nificent property, aud reflect the higest credit,
both as regards the time and cost of construc-
tion, upon all who have been entrusted with its
management.
Coso— The New District.
We take the following from the^Inyo Indepen-
dent: After a close inquiry as to the real tacts in
the case, and careful consideration of the
united testimony of a great many of our
citizens who have visited and examined the re-
cent discoveries in the new Coso district, we
are forced to the conclusion that the mines are
simply enormous in their extent and value.
Their discovery in the month of October last,
was brought about as follows: Prof. Wm. D.
Brown, a gentleman having large experience in
the study of mines and minerals — and who,
as early as 1867 made an examination of the
Cerro Gordo mines as an expert— concluded,
since the discovery of Panamint, that the
country between Cerro Gordo and Panamint
was rich in mineral wealth. Leaving San
Francisco early in October, well prepared for a
thorough prospect of that country, accompa-
nied by his brother, he arrived at Coso late in
that month. There he found specini- ns of
lead ores in the possession of native Califor-
nians, but could get no clue to the locality
from whence they came. He immediately
ascended the highest point near by, and took a
view of the surrounding country, and follow-
ing his judgment, proceeded at once to the
mountain in which the rich mines have since
been opened. Here he found the " Promon-
torio " mine, with a notice of location upon
it by "Rafael Cuervo." He then made a care-
ful examination of the ores and formation,
and found theTiills composed of lime rock on
the west and porphyry on the east, and con-
cluded that mineral must lay at the juncture of
the two formations. Following and tracing he
soon discovered some wonderful deposits of
mineral, and the " New York" location was at
ouce made, which produces very rich carbonate
ores. To say- that the mine is forty feet -in
width, and traceable 2,000 feet, sounds wild,
but comes near the truth. Following further
these formations the Browns made other loca-
tions of carbonate mines, almost) duplicating
the New York — i. e., the "St. Louis," the
"Grand " and others. The latter, located on
the 3d of November, cleaves a hill and lays be-
tween the limestone and porphyry; it ib trace-
able for about 3,000 feet, and in mauy places is
30 feet in width. Bentura Beltrau, an old and
well known prospector, early in November,
located a truly wonderful mass of wealth, its
general description being the, same as the Pro-
montorio, New York and Grand ledges.
Besides this class of mines, there has also
been discovered and located some remarkably
rich fissure veins. Cropping out bold and dis-
tinctly, these veins cleave both the porphyry
aud limestone. They bear chloride and snl-
phuret ores, of the same description as those
found in the earliest openings of the Comstock.
We have authentic reports of but two of these,
though there are many others perhaps equally
deserving of notice. The "Mount Ophir" and
"Solomon's Ophir" are two locations appar-
ently on the same vein. These ledges crop out
to a width of 20 feet, and although requested
not to give the figures, we may state that the
ore assays immensely rich. The hills would
appear to be full of minerals on every hand,
and almost daily there arrive reports of new
and very valuable discoveries. There are now
about 150 men in the mines and more pouring,
in daily.
For the benefit of the outside public we will
give the locality of these mines: They are 40
miles southeast of the foot of Owen's lake;
seven miles east of the Independence and Pan-
amint stage road, and about eight miles west
of the head of Darwin canon. They are easily
accessible by wagon, and Dodge's passenger
stages run within ten miles of the new town
which is forming at the new mines, the pro-
posed name of which is "Darwin." Theessen-.
tials, water and wood, are found in far greater
abundance than ever at Cerro Gordo. In con-
clusion we can only repeat to our citizens the
advice proffered us by all of our informants;
"If you doubt our statements go and see foi
yourselves and be convinced."
Kemoving Haik feom Hides. — A canny Sco'<
has discovered that if a hide is immersed fo:
four or five days in a mixture of vegetable oj
animal charcoal and water, of the consistency
of a thin paste, the hair is entirely removed
and the leather made from a hide thus treatet
is of superior quality.
Stove luster when mixed with turpentin
and applied in the usual manner, is blacke)
more glossy, and more -durable than whe
mixed with any other liquid. The turpentin
prevents rust, and when put on an old rust
stove, will make it look as well as new.
January 2, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
ECHANICAL jf?ROGRESS
Cork as a Non-Conductor of Heat.
A company has been organized in Paris for
the purpose of thoroughly testing the well
known remarkable non-conducting property of
cork. It appears that a number of steam pipes
at several import tut establishments had been
OOTWrod with this Hubttanue; but tho test of
continue! application was wanting. More
recently, how- ver. it has been fit tied that, after
standing 18 months, the cork coveiiug has re-
in fined intact, and is as perfect a non-conductor
as on the day it was laid. Although the dura-
bility of this substance had been proved boiore
by the buoy-., which are partly immersed and
partly exposed to tho weather; its beiug able
to stand such high temperature as those of
surfaces heated by steam at from seven to
eight atmospheres had not hitherto been
shown.
Now, felt, which is a good non-conduotor of
beat when first laid, deteriorates very rapidly;
although retainiug its original appearance, it
ceases to be effective after a few weeks, and ul-
timately tumbles iut-> dust.
A fear of the same result occurring in the
case of cork would, no doubt, be entertained
by those who are unacquainted with its nature,
but not by those who know the composition of
this remarkable wood-like substauce. To set
all misgivings at rest, however, nothing is so
satisfactory as aolu d experience, and there is
no doubt that cork is now firmly established as
the non-conductor par excellence. I'S light-
ness, the readiuess with which it yields so as
to Burround the cylinders or pipes it may be
destined to encase, the facility with which it is
put in its place, taken down and put np again
in the case of an inspection or repairs to a
boiler or steam-pipe, and above all, its non-
conducting power, effecting so great a saving
of fuel, assure fur it the highest place in the
eyes of all manufacturers who regard their own
interests.
Tbe engineers of the French navy have made
experiments on cork employed as a non-con-
ductor, and have reported thereon to the
Admiralty (French), which body has requested
the manager of the company to uppoint, at the
five military ports, agents charged with attend-
ing to any orders which may be given. This
cactet given by men so reserved as the French
naval engineers at once places cork in the first
rank as a non-conducting substance.
Freeing Cast Ieonfrom Phosphorus. — The
new German process of freeing cast iron of
phosporus is represented as yielding superior
bir iron from phosphureted ca*t iron, at prac-
tically no increase of cost. The method is
very simple. Chloride of" calcium and com-
mon salt, fused together in about equal pro-
portions, are intimately mixed with tho molten
iron in the paddling furnace, either by adding
gradually, iu two-poand water tight paper
packages, or placing the whole quantity re-
quired upon the bed of the pu Idling furnace
at first, and, in either case, ve^y thoroughly
working it with iron. The puddling process is
generally so much shortened that the conse-
quent diminution of the waste iron almost
affects the cost" of the material added. The
quantity of the mixed chlorides required is
about three tines that of the phosphorus
present in the cast iron. The presence of
other chlorides, as of manganese, iron and
magnesium, interferes wirh the process, and
renders a large excess of chloride of calcium
necessary.
Metallic Pens. — It was a fortunate thought
which led some genius to Substitute metalic
pens for those obtained from the gray, goose
quill, for if to-day we had to depend upon these
sagacious birds for our supply of writing mate
rials, quill pens would be at a premium. So
rapid has been the increase of knowledge, and
so greatly has cheap postage promoted the de-
sire and the power to write, that all the quills
in the world would not furnish one-tenth of
the necessary supply of pens. If, therefore, it
hal not been for the invention of gold and
steel pens, our schools, our counting rooms,
and our editors would have had hard timeB,
during the time that has elapsed since quill
pens were displaced by metallic ones, the form
and material of these useful substitutes has
been greatly varied, but notwithstanding the
many forms which have been introduced, there
is still great room for improvement, as every
writer knows.
Thick and Thin Saws — It is taid that the
manufacture of mortar, beton, and concrete,
from the waste lime of gas purifiers — a dis-
covery or invention announced only a short
time ago — has already commenced on an exten-
sive scale in England. The method of thus
utilizing what has hitherto been considered an
almost worthless refuse, consists, iu this case,
of simply grinding it up in an ordinary mortar
mill, or mixing it as common lime with sand,
aBhes and similar material. The addtion of
Portlaud cement to the mixture is found to
render the product— brick, slabs, etc., — much
harder.
Steel bails appear to be everywhere exclud-
ing those of iron. All of the contracts lately
given out by the Belgian Government for the
State lines are steel. It is stated that steel
railB are about as cheap now as iron rails were
two or three years ago.
Belting and Gearing.
As regards the transmission of power, the
Americans, says a French writer, aim at
achieving two important things which are cor-
relative—the lightest possible weight and the
highest possible sp-red. Hence the universal
substitution of belting for gearing, and the
general adoption of light shafting and small
pulleys, which are conspicuous features of
their \\ stem of transmitting power. The first
mover is usually a ^e ir, but after that all trans-
mission is obtained by belting. The belting is
a little Ktudy in itself, but it will suffice to say
here that belts of th« latest improved pattern
run for wonderful hng'hs of time without
piecing. The ease and durability of the sys-
tem, would, I think, astonish the advocates of
gearing, The light shafting and small pulleys
in general use nrebaid to save twenty-five per
cent, of the power. The shafting is run twice
as fast, and hence the pulleys can be smaller,
yet the fly wheel of a powerful engine may be
large. For instince, I have seen one twenty-
seven feet in diameter going, as I was informed,
u mile a minute. The pulleys are ca>t, but it
is expected that wrought pulleys much lighter
will Boon come into general use. Hollow
shafting is finding favor. If shafting aud pul-
leys could bo advantageously constructed of
steel, the saving of power would probably be
greatly increased. EogineB aud their equip-
ments, and belting, shafting, and pulleys, are
all madeiu the United States.
Air Pressure in Wind Instruments, — Dr.
W. H. Stone iu a paper before the Physical
Society, of London, describes some experi-
ments on the wind pressure in the human
lungs during the performance on wind instru-
ments. About 6 feet of water or 13 pounds
pressure per square inch was the ordiuary
maximum when a small tube was iuserted be-
tween the lips. When the lips were supported
by a capped mouth piece, as iu crass instru-
ments, a much greater pressure could be sus-
tained, and Up muscles invariably gave way
long before the expiratory power of the tho-
racic muscles was exhausted. The following
pressures were sufficient to produce an orches-
tral tone: The obee requires an air pressure of
from 5 to 10 ounces per square inch, the clari-
onet, 8 to 14 ounces; horn, 2% to 5 ounces;
cornet, 5 to 18 ounces; euphonium, 1% to 23
ounces; bombardone, 1% to' 20 ounces. It
will be noticed that the clarionet, in this, as in
some other respects, differs from its kindred
instruments, and also that some of the press-
ures are small, not exceeding or indeed attain-
ing the pressure of a fit of coughing. They
are, therelore, very unlikely to injure the
the lungs, or to produce the emphysema erro-
niously attributed to them.
Springs as Motors. — The method of pro-
pelling cars, omnibuses and velocipedes by
coiled springs is being tried in England, and
with good prospects of success. The motor
U3ed is an arrangement of powerful springs
encased in cylinders like watch springs on a
very large scale. A car worked by these
springs is shortly to be tried on the tramway
at Greenwich. The services of French ma-
chinists have also been called into requisition,
and steel bauds capable of being coiled and of
exerting great pressure have been made in
lengths of oue hundred yards eaoh. In Shef-
field some of the steel manufacturers have
turned out springs fifty and sixty feet long,
and said to be capable of a pressure of eight
hundred pounds. To wind up these springs of
course requires more power than could be ob-
tained by hand, and the English experimenter
proposes to have them wound at certain inter-
vals by means of stationary engines. There-
suit of the experiments will be looked for with
much interest. Some of the English patents
have a combination of spiral or helical springs/
Pulling up Forest Trees by Steam.— Some
interesting experiments in the clearing of
wooded lands took place lately in Scotland.
The experiments were carried out nuder the
auBpices of the Canadiin Land Reclamation
Company and were intended to demonstrate
the ea^e with which the forests of Canada
could be cleared by means of this process. A
traction engine of twelve hors'i power is sta-
tioned some distance off from the wood, and a
wire chain is fastened to the tree. Steam is
theu put on, and the tree is pulled out by the
roots. An objection to the ad iption of tho
process was that it would injure the wood by
splitting the tree; but the experiments showed
that, with proper precautions, there was no
fear of such a result. In five hours upward
of 300 trees, iu a plantation nearly 100 years
old; were pulled out. Of that number not
above half a dozen were broken, and in these
cases the result was wholly due to the inex-
perience of the men. engaged in the work, who
placet the chain too high up on the tree.
Computing the Speed of G-karing and Pul-
lets.— The following simple rule for calculat-
ing the speed or gearing of pulleys is, doubt-
less, in familiar use by many mechauics. We
give it, however, for the convenience of those
of our readers who may not happen to be ac-
quainted with it, and who have found the need
in ■practice of a uniform rule, applying to all
cases. To find the speed of a driven wheel,
when the number of teeth of both wheels and
the number of revolutions of the driving wheel
are given: Multiply the number of teeth of the
driving wheel by the number of its revolutions;
divide the product by the number of teeth of
the driven wheel, and the quotient will be the
number of revolutions of the driven wheel.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.
The Transit and Its Probable Results.
The full result of the patient watchings of
the various parties deputed to observe tho
transit of Venus, will not be made kuown to
the world for several months, perhaps not in a
year from now; and they will probably be
affected with a larger possible error than is gen-
erally anticipated. It will be some weeks be-
fore the telescopic measures taken at all tho
stations can oe known, even if Irasmitted by
telegraph, because many of those stations are
fur removed from any ocean oable at present in
existence. At many of the statious the chief
dependence will be on photographic views,
and the negatives cannot be transmitted by
means of thu lightning flash; they can only he
carried by the slower agency of steam to
tbe observatories where they can be submitted
to measurement with the micrometer. Then
all the results obtained at separate stations
must be compared, and many laborious calcu-
lations be made before the value of the solar
parallax can be known.
Mr. E. Colbert, in some remarks at a late
mooting of the Chicago Academy of Sciences
said: " I have called your attention, at former
meetings to the difficulties which will be en-
countered in the attempt to reconcile these
observations; difficulties arising from, 1, the
irregular shape of the earth, which is not a
true oblate spheroid; 2, the irregular contour of
the sun, its surface being in a state of perpet-
ual commotion; and, 3, the errors of observa-
tion, which may be regarded as an external
kind of " personal equation." Summing the
probable average of these three factors of error,
I conclude that the astronomical world will be
fortunate if it is able to reconcile all the obser-
vations so as to make it certain that the ac-
cepted average is not more than 100,000 miles
in error, or one part iu 900 of the whole dis-
tance.
Tbere is no reason to doubt that we already
know the distance of the sun to within S00,-
000 miles. I speak not now of my own calcu-
lations of the quantity, but of the extremes
claimed by others. If we assume 91,700, OuO
miles as the average, this estimate will not be
more than 200,000 miles, from tbe 92,000,000
miles of Newcomb, or the 91,480,000 of the
English computers. This is one part in 300 of
the whole distance. Hence the probability is
that observations of the tranist of Venus in
1874, on which more than 951,000,000 have
been expended, and involving the equivalent of
not less than 200 yeirs of labor on the part of
one man, will only reduce the uncertainty to
about one-third of its present magnitude. But
this will be no mean achievement. It is not
saying too much to claim that this result will
be worth at least ten times the money and
labor expended in obtaining it."
Peat Charcoal as a' Deodobizeb —The ex-
traordinary deodorizing power possessed by
that variety of charcoal known as bone-black is
generally attributed to the earthly matter with
which it is mixed. It was therefore to be ex-
pected that peat charcoal Bhould be specially
valuable in this direction, and in some parts of
England and Scotland it is now extensively
used for mixing with the excreta of households
on account of its value as a deodorizer. Peat
charcoal is one of the most porous of all forms
of impure carbon, and its powers of absorption
when dry are very great. Thus, in some ex-
periments tried in the town of Leamington,
England, recently, it was found that two or
three ounces of newly-made peat charcoal were
sufficient to deodorize six gallons of ordinary
sewage. The actual proportions employed, ac-
cording to the report, were about one part of
charcoal to 150 of Bewage by weight; and in a
few minutes after the charcoal was mixed wiih
the rich albuminoid sewage, a peculiar sweet
smell was noticed, but in less than a quarter of
an hour all amell had disappeared, and the
constant addition of fecal matter did not per-
manently restore the odor. A closet arranged
for the purpose was devoted, to the use of some
forty laborers, but even during the hottest
weather, on no occasion, was any offensive
effluvia noticeable, although the amount of
peat charcoal daily made use of did not equal
the proportion already stated.
The Telemeter in Surveying — Captain W.
H. Ball, in some remarks recently made before
the Civil Engineer's Club, of New York, said
that he had used the telemeter for four years on
the coast and interior of Alaska. His rod was
even more simple than Mr. French's, and he
found that he could depend on. his surveys
being almost accurate, and in some cases much
more so than if measured with the chain or
tape. On rocky shores, the telemeter was in-
valuable, and in a few months he had, with the
assistance of a common sailor, as rodman,
made surveys that by the ordinary methods
would require fully five years to complete. He
discovered after a time that for correct results
an accurate focus was necessary, and to every
observation the following correction* or error
in measurement was to be added, viz.: to the
distance of the eye-piece from the object glass
add the distance of the object glass from the
diaphragm, which in the case of his instrument
was exactly one foot. This subject of survey-
ing with the telemeter is a very important one,
and worthy of careful investigation.
The Development of Natural History and
Science.
Mr. W. W. Calkins, recently before the Chi-
cago Academy of Sciences, read* a very inter-
esting paper on "The Development of" Natural
lli-tury as a Science," of which the following
digest is given in the Engineer and 4rcAifc cti
The great lamented Agassiz said, "I have de-
voted my whole life to the study of nature, and
yet a ftingle Bentencw may express all that 1
have done." This confession reveals to us a
degree of simplicity and gradeur not often wit-
nessed. It suggests that the grace of modesty
might be cultivated by most pnople with great
propriety. Since man was first created he has
been engaged in studying the world of auim ite
and inanimate objects around him. As the
first rude efforts seems to us like childish dis-
plays, so, when the present era shall becoiiieuu-
tiquity, our attainments in knowledge will no
doubt appear small indeed in comparison with
the advances that shall mark future ages.
Aristotle was tbo first prominent naturalist,
and the founder of the science. As evidence of
this, we have his "History of Animals." Iu
AriStorVd time, 2,000 years ago, text-books of
natural history were in common use, add the
study was pursued with viyor. We are still
without elementary works of this kind adapted
to the young beginners. We are, however,
working up to the point Iwhen the- study of
natural history in the school will be indispen-
sable and popular. After 1800, Linnaeus re-
sumed the work where Aristotle had left it.
Pliny added but a little to what had been done
by Aristotle. The Middle Ages, with an intel-
lectual pall dark as night, followed the enlight-
eued period cf Roniau and Oreciau history,
and gave us nothing. The sixteenth century
witnessed a temporary revival in this and other
branches of learning. The naturalists were
mainly occupied in studying local species, and
in disputing over ancient authors. The seven-
teenth century witnessed remarkable advances
iu general knowledge, but men had not yet
done wondering over the successful revolt of
the Netherlands, or the brilliant military career
of Gustavus Adolphus, Walltnstein, andTully.
It was reserved for Linnaeus, in the lastceu-
tury, to break the spell that had for so ni iny
ages been hung over the pursuit of the natural
sciences, aud strike the key-note that aroused
the scholars of Europe from their lethargy,
Aristotle had given ns genera aud species; he
divided the animal kingdom into Enaitria and
Anaima, or blooded and bloodless anintals.
Linuaeus, begiuniug where Aristotle left off,
formed, in addition, classes and orders. He
divided the animul into six classes— mammalia,
birds, reptiles, fishes, instcs aud worms. The
classification at once aroused the attention and
provoked the criticism of other naturalists.
The defects were pointed out, and the impor-
tant principle of classification founded upon
the internal strncture, and uniting animals upon
common structural characters, was established.
The magnitude of the work of classification
will be appreciated when we consider that the
species now number 230,000. The confusion
.t iat existed before Linnaeus' time on account
of tbe different names and languages employed
by naturalists was counteracted, and in fact
done away with by the use of one language by
him — the Latin.
Linnaeus' classification, however, did not
meet with en'ire success. Its effects did not
escape criticism. All, with the exception of the
great Cuvier, failed to strike the grand princi-
ples of classification. When he announced his
theory dividing the whole animal kingdom into
tour classes — Vertebrates, Mollusks, Articu-
lates and Radiates— the scientific world stood
amazed, as though a revelation hacLbeenuiade
from Heaven. The founder of comparative
anatomy was not one who skimmed over the
surface of things Cuvier went deeper; he ex-
amined the internal organization and revela-
tions of animals. He tells us the comparison
was the secret of his success. The result em-
bo. lied the four plans of creation already men-
tioned. The views of Cuvier, which have
withstood criticism for nearly three-quarters of
a century, lead to three conclusions: First, that
Cuvier's four classes embrace all known ani- .
mals. Second, that there is thought aud har-
monious law as the basis of all, the whole di-
rected by oue will— the Creator. Third, that
the numerous subdivisions of the four great
groups mentioned, such as classes, orders, fam-
ilies, genera, species and other subdivisions of
these subdivisions, should be formed in accord-
ance with characters expressed iu nature to be
of value. Otherwise they are artificial distinc-
tions tending to lead us away from what we
seek, and that which is the basis of all science
— fie truth.
Another great discovery hardly less impor-
tant than those mentioned was that of Von
Ba^r in embryology— or tho fact that all ani-
mals originate from eggs and though all alike
at first, grow to maturity on four different
plans. Embryology is yet iu its iufancy.
Agassiz made some of his greatest discoveries
in this science, aud it furnishes one of the most
attractive and promising fields op'Oi to the ex-
plorer. The progress of natural history for 50
years has been rapid. The latter part of the
last and the beginning'of the present century
were particularly marked by great discoveries.
The present century has produced hosts of dis-
tinguished naturalists who have labored suc-
cessfully in their particular departments, but
Agassiz, before his death, probably ranked
first among living contemporaries.
Mr. Calkins closed by saying that the study
of natural history should be popularized.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 2, 1875.
Mining Stocks.
Tbe mining share market has been in a state
of excitement during the past week as it has
for the past month. The prices reached for
some stocks have opened the eyes of even some
of the oldest speculators, and a man wants a
fortune to buy half a dozen shares of any of
the leading mines. With this condition of af-
fairs it is laughable to read tbe "words of cau-
tion," etc., given in the newspapers about
poor people investing in stocks. A poor man
would not be apt to buy many shares of Cali-
fornia, Opbir or Consolidated Virginia at pres-
ent prices, especially as cash is wanted and
margins are not acceptable. Some foolish peo-
ple of course will invest at haphazard when the
market is up, who have not the pluck to try
when prices are low. Tbe stock dealings fit
present in the big mines are confined to rich
men who can afford to lose if a bad break oc-
curs.
It is stated that Alvinza Hayward has sold
his interest in the Crown Point mine and mills
to William Sharon for the sum of $1, 600,000
But how much property was transferred, it is
impossible to state.
Affairs in the Comstock look very favorable
and the big bonanza is being gradually ex-
plored. The Enterprise says that the ore devel-
opments in tbe Consolidated Virginia are of a
character so extraordinary that few persons are
able to comprehend their full extent aud value.
Great as is the width of ore in this mine it
will probabl/ be found to be still more exten-
sive in the California, as Dear the south line
the configuration of the ground shows the be-
ginning of a gradual expansion. In the Ophir
the ore is making north and east in the most
satisfactory manner, with clay seams in places
which indicate strength aud depth. It is quite
proable that the cross-cuts going east on tbe
1465-foot level wiil encounter still greater de-
posits of ore in thai, direction than have yec
been found. At the south end of the lead all
is looking well or important developments in
several places, as in the Empire and Yellow
Jacket neighborhood, at the Overman and at
the Justice. The American Flat mines are also,
several of them approaching a point where re'-
velopments may be expected. Some of these
have already found bodies of ore that appear
to be the beginning of somethin ■ valuable.
Great activity in prospecting is beginning to
be manifested.
The mining stock excitement has had its usu-
al effect in inducing the managers of mining
companies to "divide up" and increase the
capital stock and number of shares. Several
companies have advertised special meetings for
this purpose, as follows : The California will
have a meeting on the 20th of January, for the
purpose of considering a proposition to in-
crease the capital stock of the company from
$10,800,000 to $54,000,000, to be divided into
540,000 shares, of tbe per vaiue of $100 each.
The Consolidated Virginia will hold a meeting
January 26th, to increase the capital stock from
$10,800,000 to $54,000,000, to be divided into
540,000 shares, of a par value of $100 each.
Tb» Succor Mill aud Mining crmpany will
meet on the 30th of January, when they
propose increasing the capital stock from
$l,140,C00iu 22,800 shares to $3,420,000 di-
vided iu 68,400 shares of a par value of $50.
The Gould & Curry Mining company will mi et
on the 25th of January to increase the capital
slock fiorn $4,800,000 to $10,800,00u, divided
into 108,000 shares of a par value of $100.
The Buckeye M. Co, will meet January 20th to
increase the capital stock from $1,600,000 m
16,000 shares to $4,800,000 divided in 48,000
shares of a par vnlue of $100. The Union
Consolidated M. Co. will meet January 23d to
discuss a propoai ion to increase the capital
stock from $2,000,000 in 20,000 shares to $10,-
000,000 in 100,000 shares of $100 each. The
Beach and Paxton M. Co. will meet January
14ih to increase tbe capital stock from $2,000,-
000 in 20,000 to $6 000,000 iu 60,000 shareB of
the par value of $100.
Mining Accidents.
A terrible accident ociured in the Sutro tun-
nel on Wednesday last, at which time a shift of
ten men were b'own up by an explosion. Two
of the miners, whose names were JohuDilaney
and Samuel Richards, were blown into atoms.
A Mr. Pillow was thought to be mortal' j
wonnded, and a number of others were badly
injured. Tbe accident happened at tbe time of
changing shifts, and a blast was about to be ex-
ploded in tbe face, or header of the tunn 1. The
men retreated back about 600 feet, where the
battery used iu exploding blasts was dtuated.
Several boxes of giant powder had been left
near the battery, and when the blast iu the
header was touched off, it is thought that the
giant powder was exploded by an electric spark.
A fatal accid' nt occurred at the Imperial
mine Tufsday night, which resulted in tbe in-
stant death of Hugh Callick, a miner, who was
engaged with others in drilling a hole at the bot-
tom of the incline. A huge rock became de-
tached from the side of the incline, a short dis-
tance above, aud rolled upon the men, Callick
being caught under the rock and instantly
killed. The others escaped without injury.
Rafferty, the mau who was injured in the
Crowu Point mine by being crushed while com-
ing up the incline on tbe giraffe, died last Fri-
day morning in the county hospital.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTOR!.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals.!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Ddinq'nt. Bale-. Secretary. Place of Business
American Flag M & M Co Ely District
American Flat M Co Washoe
Andes S M Co Washoe
Arizona & Utah M Co Washoe
Arizona S M On Union ville Nevada
R.iltiiuore Onus MCo Washoe
Bellevue M O Placer Co Cal
Bowery Cons M Co Ely District
Buckeye n ASM Co Nevada
Chariot Mill 4 M Co San Diego Co
Crjollar-Potosi M Co Washoe
r>an«v M Co Washoe
Empire Mill & M Co Washoe
Em nirc MCo Idaho
Globe M Co Wnshoe
Ida Elmore M Co Idaho
Imperial S M Co Washoe
Justice M ('n Washoe
Kentuck M Co Washoe
KnickprbookerMCo Wnshoe 1
Lady Brvan M Co Nevada
Mint G A S M Co Washoe
Monitor-Bel njont M Co Nevada
Original Gold Hill G ,fc S MCo Washoe
Original Hidden Treasure White Pine
Overman S M Co
Pioche S M Co
Pioche West Ex MCo
Raymond A Ely M ' o
Rock Island rt A S M Co
R^^tTacket M Co
<i vace M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Smith Chariot MCo
Tyler M C<>
Utah S M Co
War Eagle M Pr>
Washington & Creole M Co
Woodville G & S M Co
Yellow Jackets MCo
Yule Gravel M Co
Washoe
Ely District
Ely District
Ely District
Washoe
Idaho
Woslioe
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Ely Dist
Washoe
Washoe
Placer Co Cal
50 Nov 10 Deo 14 Jan 11 G R Spinney
100 Dec 7 Jan 9 Jan 27 C A Sankey
Fl> Dec 7 Jan II Feb 1 M Landers
75 Deo 10 Jan 14 Feb 2 J Mapuire
100 Nov 3" Jan 8 Jan 29 Wm Willis
100 Deo 5, Jan 8 Jan 29 D T Baclev
50 Dec 10 Jan H Feb 4 D F Verdenal
20 Dec 15 Jan 25 Feb 28 C E Elliott
I Olj Nov 14 Dec 18 Jan 7 C a Sankey
50 Dec 24 Jarr23 Feb 13 P Swift
5 HO Nov 14 Dec 18 Jan 7 WE Dean
100 Oct 27 Dec 4 Dec 28 GR Spinney
50 Dec 28 Jao29 Feb 18 W E Dean
100 Nov 10 Dec 10 Jan 4 William Willis
75 Dec 10 Jan 14 Feb 2 J Maguire
100 Nov 16 Dec 21 Jan 12 Willia-i, Willis
1 00 Nov 26 Dec 29 Jan 19 W E Dean
3 00 Nov 13 Dec 15 Jan 15 J S Kennedy
1 0c) Dec 3 Jan 5 Jan 28 V Swift
1 50 D.c 28 Jan 30 Feb 19 H Boyle
H Nov ll Dec Ifi Jan 11 F Swift
10 Nov 17 Dec 22 Jan 15 D A Jennings
50 Nov 10 Dec 14 Jan 4 WW Hopkins
50 Deo 12 JanU Feb 1 W M Helman Fireman's Fand Bldg
lltn Oct 12 Dec 11 Jan 7 D A Jennings 401 California si
3 00 Decl Jan 5 Jan 26 G D Edwards 414 California st
— Dec 11 Jan 21 Feb 1« O E Elliott 419 California st
30 Dec 28 Feb 3 Feb 25 T L Kimball 409 Ciliforniast
3 00 Nov 3 Dec 10 Jan" T *' Colburn 418 California st
1 00 Nov lfi Deo 21 Jan 12 J W Clark 418 " 'alifornia st
50 Nov28 Jan 5 « Jan 26 Wm Willis 419 California st
5 00 Dec 5 Jan 1 Jan 27 E B Holmes 419 California st
3 00 Dec 1 Jan 5 Jan 26 G D Edwards 414 California st
50 Nov 5 Dec 11 Jan 5 OHB^gart 402 Montgomery st
50 Nov 19 Jan 21 Feb 12 O D Squire Stevenson's Bldg
1 00 Nov 25 Dec 30 Jan 20 WE Dean 419 California st
100 Nov 9 Dec 16 J -n 6 L Karlan 401 California st
50 Pec 8 JanU Feb 4 F D Clearv Merchants' Ex
1 «'0 Nov9 DecI4 Janft W M Helman 40L California st
5 00 Dec 10 Jan 13 Feb 13 G W Hopkins Gold Hill
10 Nov 9 Deo 14 Jan 5 W H Watson 302 Montgomery st
320 California st
331 Montgomery st
507 Montgomery st
419 0-riforniH st
419 California st
401 California -t
409 California st
419 California st
331 Monteomcy st
419 California si
41<1 California st
320 California st
419 California st
419 California st
419 California si
419 California st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
419 California st
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California s'
401 California st
41 IS California
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Baltic Cons M Co
Calaveras Hydraulic M Co
Cherry Creek MAM Co
Combination G A S M Co
Con Reformi L A S M Co
Edith Quicksilver M C
Florence M Co
-420" M Co
Globe OonsM Ci
Globe M Co
fiold Mt G M Co
Gold Run M Co
Golden Rule S M Co
Howard Hill G MCo
Illinois Central M Co
Juniata Ons S M Co
Kennedy M Co
Keystone N" 1 A 2 M Co
Wn shoe
Cal
Nevada
Pan ami nt
Lower Cal
Cal
Humboldt Co Cal
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Holcomb Valley Cal
Nevada Co Oil
Utah
Cal
Idaho
Aurora Nev
Amndor Co Cal
Arzona
75
Ladv Washington M Co Washoe
Lake Tahnn ,t S F Water Works Cal
Martin A Walling M A M Co Cal
New York Cons M Co Washoe
New York M Co Washoe
vorth Bloomfipld Gravel M Co Cal
North Fork M Co PlnmasCo Cat
Oneida M Co AmadorCoCal
Pag« Tunnel Co Utah
Poormao G A S M Co Idaho
Rattlesnake Quicksilver M Co Cal
South Fork M A Canal Co Cal
Star Kinc S M Co Elko Co Nevada
Rnccor M A M Co Washoe
Thrift G A S M Co Calaveras Co Cal
Watson M Co Robinson Dist J>eva'la
Wells. Fargo A Co M Co Washoe
Woodville M A M Co El Dorado Co Cal
Ya Thorough S M Co Kern Co Cal
15 Nov 18
5 D"c7
15 Nov 10
10 Dec 28
50 Dec 24
20 Dec 23
10 Dec 5
1 00 Dec 29
Dec M
15 Uec 10
50 Nov 19
20 Dec 7
5 Dec 8
50 Nov 7
30 Dec 21
I 00 Dec Ifi
1 00 Dec lfi
1 00 Dec 12
30 Doc 17
Zi Nov 18
5" Deo 7
50 Deo 5
50 Dec 5
1 00 Dec I
75 Dec 5
1 00 Dec 11
5 Doc 12
50 Nov 13
1 25 Dec 21
5 Dec 7
25 Dec 4
1 00 Nov 27
50 Nov ?4
1 00 Nov 16
Dec 21
25 Nov 10
30 Dec 23
Deo 23
Jan 9
Dec 14
Feb 1
Jan 30
Feb 3
Jan 8
Feb 2
Jan 14
Jan 14
Djc 29
Jan 11
Jan 15
Dee 16
Jan 20
Jan 21
Jan 20
Jan 12
Jan 21
Dec 23
Jan 8
Janfi
Jan 6
Jan 4
Jan 4
Jan 16
Jan 20
Dec 18
Jan 28
Jan 10
Jan 8
Jan 4
Dec 26
Doc 21
Jan 30
Dec 19
Jan 3i l
Jan 20
Jan 25
Jan 7
Feb 23
Feb 20
Feb 23
Feb 3
Feb 20
Feb 2
Feb 2
Jan 23
Feb 3
Feb 15
Jan"
Feb 23
Feb 10
Feb 10
Febl
Feb 8
Jan 18
Jan 23
Jan 25
Jan 25
Jnn 25
Jnn 19
Feb 3
Feb 20
Jan H
Feb 19
Febl
Jnn 26
Jan 25
Jan 16
Jan 13
Feb IS
Jan 6
Feb 23
B Bnrris
A Shear
D F Verdenal
D Wilder
A D Carpenter
W Stuart
I E Dilavau
E F Stone
J Matruire
J Maguire
JPCavallier
C C Palmer
K We-theimer
F J Hermann
R H Brown
CSNeal
A Wissel
W R Townsend
H C Kibbe
E Oh at tin
J W Tripp
H C Kibbe
H O Kibbe
ID^rby
A Martin
1. Kaplan
J Ha i dy
William Willis
A Baird
H Knnpp
L Kaplj n
W H Watson
TT R West
WH Watson
A O Tavlor
J Gl issman
E Barry
507 Montgomery st
321 Batterv st
409 California st
Merchants' Ex
605 Clay st
113Liedeadorff st
2.0 Mont ornery st
419 California st
419 California st
419 California st
513 California st
41 Market st
flSOClavst
418 Kearny st
402 Alontcrninerv st
419 California st
210 California st
310 Pine st
419 California Bt
803 Montgomery st
408 California st
419 California st
410 California st
320 California et
520 Washington st
Merchants' Ex
418 California st
419 California st
316 California st
:!06 Montg mery st
Merchants' Ex
302 Montgomerv st
210 Montgomery st
302 Montgomery st.
331 Montgomery st.
335 Montgomerv st
415 Montgomery st
Name of Co.
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Location. Secretary. Office in S F.
Beach A Paxt»n G A S M Co
yn< licvn ii A SM Co
Rullion M Co Washoe
California M Co Wnshoe
California M Co Waslve
Consolidated Virginia Wash<>e
Consolidated Virginia M Co Washoe
Dexter S M Co
•'4J0" M c0 Washoe
Georgia S M Co Nevada
Gould A Carry S M Co Washoe
Ironsides M Co
Iowa M Co
Knickerbocker M Co Washoe
Memnon M Co
Nevada f, & S M Co
North Utah M Co Washoe
Orleans M Co
Prussian Gold A S M Co
Succor M A M Co Washoe
Utica Cons M Co
Union Cons M Co Washoe
Webfoot M Co Elko '"o Nevada
Called l>v Trustee*
Called by Trustes
,7 S Kennedy
Cnlled (>v Trustees
DT Bagl- v
Called bv Trustees
D T Pauley
FHHill
E F Stone
R Wegener
Cal'pd bv Trustees
W E Dean
A D Carpenter
H Biyle
W E t»ean
J G Bloomer
C S On<tis5
W E Dean
R H Brown
Cal led by Trustees
W E Dean
Called by Trustees
D A Jennings
.507 Montgomery st
331 Montgomery st
- Merchants' Ex
401 California st
401 California st
401 California st
401 Californ'a st
tW4 California st
419 California st
414 California st
438 California st
419 California st
605 Clav*t
Steven=on's Block
419 California st
419 California st
119 California st
119 Califnrniast
102 California st
302 Montgomery at
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
4i'l California !-t
Meeting.
Special
Special
Annua 1
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annunl
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annunl
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
special
Annual
Date.
Jan 14
Jan 20
Jan 14
Jan2ii
Jan 20
Jan 26
Jan 14
Jan 9
Jan 11
Jan 5
Jan 23
Jan 13
Jan 12
Jan 15
Jan 12
Jan t
Jan 14
Jan 12
Jan 4
Jan 30
Jan 13
J no 23
Jan 11
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Black Bear Quartz M. Co.
Beleher M Co.
Chariot H & M Co
Consolidated Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidate'! M Co
Keystone Quartz M Co
Phcenii O M Co
Rye Paten M Co
I-ocation. Secretary.
Cal W L. Oliver,
Washoe. H O. Kibbe,
Cal Frank Swift
Wnshoe D T Barley
Washoe O E Elliott
N. n. Fa^sot.
Nev WWTraylcr
Cal L Vesaria
Charles EEUio
Nevada D F Verdenal
Pffice in S. !F.
316 California st.
419 California st.
4.9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California st
Payable.
July 17
Dec ll)
Nov 16
Dec 11
Dec 12
J an . 25
Decs
Feb 16
June 39
Dec 5
New Incorporations.
Jeffebsdk S. M. Co., Dec. 24.— Location: Jeffereon
Mining District, Nye county. Nevada. Capital stock,
$5,nuo,000. Directors— W. S. Hobart, Stephen Roberts,
A.H. Kutherford,C X. HoVbs, and John S. Gray.
Southern Cross G. & S. Co. Dec. 28. — Location, Sotrey
county, Nevada. Capital stock. ¥6,000,000. Directors —
J. R. Spring, E. O. Brown, F. S. Spring, S. C. Herbert
and H. S. Brown.
The following named companies have filed certificates
of incorporation in the office of the Secretary of State
at Sacramento.
Comstock Beseficiattng Co. — Capital stock, $10,000,
000, in shares of $100 each.
The Cosmopolitan Mining Co. has also filed certifi-
cate of increase'of capital stock from $5,000,000 to $10,-
000,000, in shares of $100 each.
The diti-h, pipe and tnnnils of tbe North
Fork Mining compiny, located in Plamas
county, have been completed, and tbe water
turned through the eight miles of pipe. The
ditch is 15*o miles long. Work was com-
menced about the last of July und completed
on the 2l$t rile.
Suteo Tunnel. — The following is ihe report
of progress of tbe Sutro Tunnel company for
tbe we'-k endiDg December 23d, according to
the Independent: Progress made from Decem-
ber 15 to December 22, 110 feet; beadpr ad-
vanced 7,858 feet from mouth to 7,96*8. Iu ad-
dition to this portion of tbe tunnel 341 feet had
been made at shaft No. 2 before the water came
in. Add this amount to 7,968 and we have
8, 309 feet as the actual length of the tunnel.
One hundred and ten feet n ihe largest weekly
run made vetorf ihe tunnel or on any similar
work in the woild.
The ore breasts and etopes throughout all
the ore producing levels in the Btloher mine
coutinue to bold out and yield haud^omely,
and the development of the 1500-foot level is
being vigorously prosecuted by tbe winzes
from the 140U, with excellent ore oroapoets.
At the Sierra Nevada nine on the Comstock
preparations are being made to drain the old
shaft. It is 700 ftet deep, and is to be sunk
100 ftet deeper, when a drift north will be run
to develop tbe Dew body of ore found in that
direction, near the Phil Sheridan mine. From
the bottom of the shaft an incline is to be
started, following the dip of tbe ledge to the
east, down the west wall, with a view to inter-
cept the north extension of the great bonanza,
in case it should extend so far in that direction.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
■Wednesday, December 23.
morning session.
710 Ophir 176^180
5....bl5, „182
20 ....lift 178
3170 Mexican 4.i(^J0
SO ....b30 „45
tftO .. bft 44
1970 G4C 5(jW,*a58
ftftO ....b30 ftS^'&W
3980 Be-t * Bui 61a«7k
20 ....h30 T.6l4
80 ....hill d8i67Jg
47ft SavaKe I38@140
10 ... b:*0 142
SO ....bft ....14"
790 Cholliir 80(3)8-1
SO ....t>30 8S
8it b 5 fSaS-i
385 B.& Nor 63@ft5
■H) ....b M 66
13Z5 O Point 47(5)50
595 Jncket 150@l54
30 ....bS.... „lft4
3585 rrai»erial ..lft^®17
6fi5 Empire M It)
250 I'onG Hill 7&TS
3s5 Ken tuck 20;a21
25 ....h 30
475 Alplia 25@27
50 ....1>30 26
3405 Belcher ft0(m55
225 ....o3ii 54{a)5S
5 ....h 3 „r54
12.1K Confidence ""
50 ....b 3d
665 Con Vir 495(3)500
145 . - b 5 502!4@500
4.IS5 Sierra Nev 2t>$25
300 ....b30 2o@26M
200 .
-.25
...2',i
.-IT.-WHW
2011 Danov
165 California
50 ....b 4.....
30 Excheq 25U;fl(2iO
afternoon session,
430 M Vallry
890 Ray & Ely 2iy.o2i
235 Eur i'o» 13^(d)13^
2»i Pioche .S@i3
290 Am Klag 1^1%
430 Belmont ;.. 14^*15
310 Monitor Belmunt 2
1(155 Hye Patch 3&(o)4
201 Eldo South ..7.2
50 Cttar M
215 Cherry Creek 1&
40 Eureka 8
350 Golden Chariot 2'«fSi3
70 Sec Belcher IttOt&ftO
1720 Overman 82(0)84
170 Justice S0@81
205 Succor 5*ff»6
4u0 Lady Bryan 4(gl4>&
1274 Julia 1R?12
320 Caledonia 24WfS)25
2J0 Knickerbocker ...Jtidxtfe,
50 Globe 4 V4
4040 Utah 12.
705 S Hill 12;V
J6<l ErliD-e 15Wail6
1295 Challenge I2ijail3
505 Bait Con 7«@8
575 Bacon 1 1@1 >
27* Bullion I7^@i6
275 Trench 16
9511 Ptcw>u 70@«W
100 Senator i
4ft Dayton ■*&©>*
IS35 Rfland 5K@d
I'O D:irdannelles...; ,...22is
715 Am Flat 7(dl7*6
750 Union 95396
610 Woodville 3#@Jj£
AITEBNOON SESSION.
2690 Andes i
This Week.
■Wednesday, December 30.
morntnq session.
750 Alpha ...37M@35
90 ....b30 40@3i
80ft Belcher 54@RM
6765 Bi B Wa.tr,
525 ....b 5 BlSeS
50 ....b30 7.64
615 Chollar 8^@87
1707 Crown Pt 48@0
340 CG UiU 7@7J*
560 Confidence - 44(5)45
645 Con Vir 560(^70
20 ....b 30 580
670 California 460(3480
10 ,...b 30 490
730 D-ner 2W3t2
8H0 Empire M 13'Oil4'»
20*1 (i AC 52m IJ.
380 H A=N 66(ff>6S
510 Kentuck 22;*ta)23
50 ...,b30 %%
1920 Imperial 19(5)13
50 ...b30 .23,1$
2215 Mexican 42'£@38
10" ...-b30. 40w;4l
920 Ophir.... 195(2188
100 ....b 30. „&;
300 ....b5 190@19S
59i Savage 134(51137'':
1260 S Nev 22to23
20 ,...b30 .24
J65 Y Jacket 162@16tt
50 ....b 30 170
..h5..
301) .
190 Am Flag 2*
1415 Belmont lft@lfi -.
25 ....b3o 7r:..ie
325 Cherry Creek. ...2->jWj27>
ftOChMill „„7$
710 Caledonia 29(5)31
■115 EuCon 16«C*16
ION EldoS .2-V.
10 Excheq 215
285 J ustice 95<5)100
2i'35 Julia 9(3jH>
1100 Kossuth 2;V«'3
805 L Wash IV'2
1075 Ljdy Brvan (i1 fi@H
3 80 Leo l-iJta'jS
■500 ....b30 ?.T.2l4
2*5 M Val b%m
20 Mahng tk
350 Mint....; 455
210 N-wark 75@87^c
3119 NUtah llfi
.50 NCarson 3
820 Or.3H 176612
710 Overman 84^8
30 Pioche 3!*
50 Prussian 311
3HI RAElv 25Vf!fo26
370 Rv Patch 3?feSMM
5S ValW ^Tw
700 S R I li-SOlTa
99 Seg Bel I.#q)l60
250 Succor 5,'|(aft
150 Wash&C 75c
50 War Eagle liij
1610 Woodville 3m2\;
700 Ward 3:5)3:,
Wt
INING SUMMARY.
THE following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in i In' interior. >ri proximity to the mini: s mentioned.
The new and powerful hoistirjg and pump
iog machinery for tbe Silver Hill mine ia being
placed in position as fast as it arrives, ■
California.
AMADOR COUNTY.
The Minks. — Amador Ledger, Dec. 26: Work
isactively going on along the line of the
Amndor canal, in opening up a number of
heavy gravel claims, all of which as far as work
has progressed, give very fluttering promise of
rich returns when properly opened. Our
quariz mines continue Lheir usual monthly
yield without diminution, and the quartz mill-
ing outlook for 1875 promises well. Valuable
improvements have been made in connection
with a number of nor qututz mines, aud others
will soon follow. New mills have been erected,
and others are in contemplation, and we think
it safe to say the gold yield of the county in
1875 will exceed that of any former year. We
have huudieds of quartz ledges unprospected,
many of which only require development to
render them veiy valuable; while oar heavy
gravel hills offer fine inducements to capital
wiih an assurance of rich returns for cost of
development.
Quicksilver Sales. — Amador Dispatch, Dec.
26: We. are informed that over a thousand
shares in the Amador quicksilver mine were
sold in this place last Saturday at $2.50 per
share, Mr. S. W. Bright being the purchaser.
We are also informed that the necessary ma-
chinery for extracting the quicksilver from the
ore has been purchased, and will be put in
active operation as soon as possible.
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
Gwin Mine. — Calaveras Chronicle, Dec. 26 :
Work is progressing favorably at the Gwm
mine. The last sinking of 100 feet in the main
shaft is nearly completed. When done the
depth of 1000 feet will have been reached, the
deepest shaft in the State,' we believe south of
Amador county. Tbe batteries, 36 stamps, are
kept running on rock taken from the 900-foot
level, the yield beiug in every way satisfactory.
So soon as the present sinking is completed
another level, the 1000-foot, will be run, call-
ing for the employment of a greater number of
hands, and increasing the ore product.
Splendid Clean-Up.— Mr. James Dnryea,
proprietor of the well-known Chili Gulch hy-
draulic, has recently made a general clean-up
of the mine, preparatory to commencing the
winter's campaign. We hear that the very
handsome sum of ©21,000 represents the amount
taken from tbe sluice-boxes. Toe claim is
probably the-jnost productive of any of the
southern mines.
Red Sill. — Workmen are engaged tarring
and placing in position the iron pipe that is to
January a, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
convey wat*r to the Red Hill claim. When in-
augurated this will be one of the moBt notable
gravel mining enterpriser in the county, and
we believe it will prove among the most remu-
nerative. Work is being pressed forward an
rapidly an possible with u view to huvjng every-
thing in tetidinuhS for uctive operutiuii shortly
after the holidays.
We*t Point District. — Mina Rica continues
to thold solid promises — The former Thoss
mill was bought by parties, last week, who are
now repairing mill and ditches — Mr. Gilbert,
4 'the last of the Modocs," bought out the In-
dians. Mr. Gilbert is now engaged in putting
up a whim on the mine— Lone St it is turn
ing out tine ore again — A working shaft has
been commenced on the Josephine. At tbe
depth of 12 feet the vein coutuins milling ore 4
feet thick — A tine head of water hits been
tapped in the G tod Faith tunnel.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
Mt. Diablo Qoicksilvei:. — t7».(r« Ooefa '•■t-
zette, Dec, 26tb: It is naid tbat the new Quick-
silver Mining company organized to work the
ground of the old Welch company, near Clay-
ton, have an ample working capital, and they
are now putting up furnaces calculated to smelt
12 tons ciunab<ir rock a day. From the report
of reliable parties who bave been on the ground
rec< ntly, we learn that the company have a
large amount of rook awaiting tbe completion
of the furnaces, all of which contains quicksil-
ver, and some of it very rich. It is claimed
tbat tbe rook now ready for smelting, although
comnos d of croppings, or taken from near the
surface, holds an average of from 30 to 50 per
cent, of quicksilver, some of it going a-* high as
80 per cent. We are inclined to doubt if so
good a return will be realized from the smelt-
ing, but there is still reason to believe, from
the reports of disinterested persons who have
inspected the rock already gathered, and that
which has been uncovered— though no regular
working has yet been opened, as we under-
stand - that the company have a valuable
quicksilver claim which can be very profitably
worked.
INYO COUNTY.
Cos) District. — Inyo Independent, Dec. 19th:
Geologically, the formation is just right to give
assurance of deep mines with immense chim-
neys of very hi^h trade ores. Some of the
mines, with croppings perhaps 20 feet wide
and assaying over §250 to the ton, are found
near the crest of the hill or mountain, lying be-
tween a hanging wall of limestone and upon a
foot wall of porphyry, the later being tbe
country rock to the eastward, and the other to
the west These mines all run nearly north
and south, as does the mouutuin upon which
they are situated. The recorder's book shows
seventy-seven locations, all of ledges, except a
few water rights. Of this number there are
about thirteen, either one of which is con-
sidered of more promise than the famous Union
of Cerro Gordo at the same stage of develop-
ment. Taking the mines in the aggregate, there
is abundant evidence that the bullion produc-
tions of New Coso cau easily be made to more
than double that of Cerro Gordo at any period
up to the present. The ores, likewise, assay
much higher, and are fully as easy of extrac-
tion, while the locality and the several mines
are much easier of access.
MARIPOSA COUNTY.
First Shipment to the Nkw Mining Camp.
— Mariposa Gazelle, D«-c. 2G: The first ship-
ment of supplies for "Reynold's Cove" passed
through Mariposa on the "Flying Dutchman's"
prairie schooner last Tuesday, being 5000
pounds of freight. It consists of provisions,
mining tools, a general assortment of supplies
necessary for the commencement and prose-
cution of mining and oiher projected enter-
prises at the new locality.
Reynold's Cove. — This place is situated on
the main or middle fork of the Merced river,
across the divide and opposite Kite's Cove,
named from the discoverer of the celebrated
Hite mine. From the statements of Mr. Ange-
vine Reynolds, which are confirmed by the
official map of County Surveyor Thomas, it
appears that all the quartz veins cropping out
at Hite's Cove are pitching at au angle of 35 to
60 degrees toward the main river — it beingr, in
an air line, about a mile and a half from river
to river; consequently, a tunnel run in from
the main fork, commencing at a point about
2,000 feet from the river, as contemplated by
the Reynold's company, would cut several
veins of rich ore within a distance of 1,500
feet. At the adit or mouth of the proposed
tunnel is an outcrop, of -about CO feet in length,
of a vein showing a thickness of two feet,
upon which the company propose run-
ning and extracting ore forthwith. In connec-
tion with the mining location the company has
secured a water right and mill privilege, which,
in point of convenience and advantages, can-
not be excelled in any of the mining districts
•of California. Mr. P. C. Learned, the man-
aging agent of the company, has been pur-
chasing a complete outfit of supplies necessary
for going ou with the contemplated work,
which will probably be commneced on or
about the first day of Januury. With the fav-
orable adjuncts of an abundance of wood and
timber and an excellent water power, together
with an excellent outlook for extracting paying
ore, the prospect is rather encouraging.
MENDOCINO COUNTY.
The Amarkillo Mine. — Napa Reporter,
Dae. 26: John L. Cook, the locator of tbe Oak-
land mine, writes us from Mendocino county,
whither he has been called to superintend the
opening of the Amarrillo mine in that county,
and from which he has had the glory of ship-
ping the first flask of quicksilver ever sont
from that county. The mine is owned by Mr.
Wise, a capitalist of Cloverdale, and bids fair
to turn out a very remunerative one to its pro-
prietor, especially, we think, as he is so fortu-
nate iu a superintendent. Three tunnels are
already iu, and the developments of rich cin-
nab.ir ure large in each. They h»v<- one retort
up, and will shortly erect more. This new dis-
trict is showing borne fine ledges, and many
claims are being located, with every prospect
of proving as rich as those in Lake, Sonoma or
Napa county. The Amarrillo mine is situated
about twtdve miles north of Cloverdale, on the
Ukiah road.
NAPA COUNTY.
Mining Items.— St. Helena Star, Dec. 24:
We have the following from a friend, who
hjis ju-t returned from a visit to Pope valley
and its mines of quicksilver. The Phoenix has
dropped into a No. 1 deposit of ere, of a
character before unknown in the miue. It is
rich cinnabar, interspersed with native quick-
silver *o a large amount. On tbe part of the
JEtna mine, they are for the present at rest as
regards the furnace, but are getting ready to
work their rich deposits in the early spring,
both in the Vulley mine location aud also in
tbe Silver Bow, where they have a large body
of extra ore, as good as any that has ever been
worked in the course of mining done in that
valley. Geo. Porter and Harry Vivian have a
uplendid prospect on the Oat hills at the head
of James creek, and from specimens in our
possession we judge they are all right. They
have now two sixty foot tunnels and good
bodies of ore in both.
Calihtoga Mines.— Mr. Stuart, of the
Knight's Valley ranch, is going to work on a
new plau to save the disintegrated cinnabar at
the Yellow Jacket mine. It is nothing more
nor less than hydraulic mining just as they
work placer diggings for fine gold. Everything
will be reudy for a trial of the machine in a few
days, and then down comes the mouutuius in
tbe vicinity of Stuart's ranch. This i% as we
understand it, an entirely new thing in quick-
silver mining, if successful, will be the inaugu-
ral of a new era in that branch. Culistoga has
reason to be proud of her success as a mining
town. During the month of November there has
been shipped from this place over 40,000
pounds of quicksilver, aud, as yet, the busi-
ness has only begun.
NEVADA COUNTY.
New York Hill.— Foothill Tidithjs, Dec. 25:
Last Friday night after our issue had gone to
press, a rich strike was made in the New York
Hill mine. Pay rock has Deeu coming out all
along for three or four hundred feet in the
lower tunnel. This strike was made in a cross-
cut from this tunnel and at a point beneath, on
the incline, a body of good ore in the upper
tunnel.. Here are several hundred feet of good
backs that may be considered "in sight," and
as the richest of the rock now foupd was at the
bottom, there's something big to go for below.
On Saturday we examined a lot of specimens,
weighing a hundred pounds or over, taken
from the first car load of the strike, and placed
on exhibition at the banking house of A. De-
lano. It was nearly all so filled with gold as
to be more valuable for jewelry than for mill-
ing. The lot was estimated to be worth from
$1,500 to $2, COO. Much fine ore has been
taken out since, and the mine is now consid-
ered past all doubt as to its future. The
benefit to Grass Valley of this assurance of a
good mine in New York Hill, maybe better
appreciated after reading over the Idaho re-
ports in this number of Tidings.
Too cold for quicksilver to work well in
amalgamating the gold — is the news from
above and throughout the county. As we inti-
mated last week.au ealy supply of water is
seldom advantageous, us, for the reasons above
given, miners can't work much before Febru-
ary.
Thk Omaha mine is said to be turning out
good milling rock from a fair sized ledge, and
the stockholders feel in good spirits.
New Quartz Mill. —Nevada Transcript,
Dec. 25: Hon. Jack Pelham and Mr. McDon-
ald, of Grass Valley, some time since bought
the Gaston Ridge mine, located midway be-
tween Washington and Eureka, in this county.
The ledge was worked several years ago, and
although the rock was good.it failed to- pay
dividends, from the tact of the imperfect facil-
ities for working the rock and saving the gold.
The present company have, during the past
two months, had a new ten-stamp mill erected,
and will thoroughly test the mine. We are in-
formed by Mr. T. Looney, who will take
charge of the mill, that the ledge is large and
the rock looks well. The mill is completed,
butjwill not Btart until after New Years. There
is a large number of ledges in tthe vicinity of
this mine, and if it pays will be the means of
starting up work on many of them
plumas county-
New Pluming Operations — Plumas Na-
tional, Dec. 16: Mr. Charles Hambley informs
us that a company has been organized to work
Soda creek, above Soda bar, and work has al-
ready been commenced. They will start at
the river, put in a four-foot flume, and clean
the creek as they go. The company will put
up a portable sawmill, which will be used for
manufacturing flume lumber, blocks, etc., and
also to furnish the general demand for lumber
in that section. Soda creek is thought to be
very rich in places, and ihe new company pro-
pose to "sw«ep it clean."
SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY.
Cambria Items. — San Luis Tribune, Dec. 19:
The quicksilver interests still increases. Sev-
eral parties ure herefrom the city iu search of
mints; among whom is our former townsman,
George Mowatt. George i;* a lively lad, aud
evidently means bufdn6B8. Some parties ore
uegoli itiug for tin* Gibson and Phillip*. This
mine has one of the finest prOBpeotfl iu this
district. The company have, however, been
very uufortuuate in allowing third-rate men to
dabble with its name.
SIERRA COUNTY.
Sloo Canyon.— Mountain Messenger, Dec. 26:
The owner* of Slug canyon quartz mine have
engaged a force of men to put their tunnels in
order. There is undoubtedly a flue body of
ore in this mine, if it were only properly de-
veloped. A tunnel not to exceed 400 feet in
length, would top the ledge several hundred
feet in depth.
Oao.— A cousid Table amount of stock in the
Oro Gold Mining company has already been
sold to parties in this place. There is no doubt
but tbat enough will be disposed of to enable
the building of a suitable mill. The company
has a large amount of ore iu sight, ready to be
taken out wb< u they Have any way for reduc-
ing it.
Claim Sold. — Col. Baker, of Gardiner's
Point, has .-old his mining claim, including the
Pioneer ground and several other claims, mak-
ing tbe purchasers sure of having one of the
bent hydraulic mines in the State.
China Mining. — The China companies, three
iu unuiber, are doing well.
New Prospect. — Henry Yon Millen has
btruck a good prospect on Lafayette ranch.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Phil Sheridan.— Gold Hill News, Dee. 24:
West drift iu to-day 155 feet from the shaft.
The face of the drift baa been driving into
blue clay and quartz the last few days, with a
constant increase of tbe quartz, and yesterday
afternoon still more favorable material was met
with. Iu the upper tunnel of this mine, 750
feet above the level of the present workings, a
large strong vein of solid quartz or low grade
ore was developed, and this lower drift is
probably about cutting the same vein.
Consolidated Virginia. — Daily yield . 425
tons. The ore breasts of the 1300 and 1400-
foot levels, especially the latter, are looking
splendidly. The winze below the 1550-foot
level is sunk to a depth of 72 feet. This winze
is now passing into the western formation,
leaving the ore bodv to the eastward. The
north drift on the 1550-foot level ia advancing
toward the northern boundary line through ore
of the highest grade. On the 1500-foot level,
cross-cut No. 1 has already penetrated the ore
body a distance of 65 feet. The quality of the
ore exposed in this drift is very fine for the
entire length of the opening. Cross-cut No. 2
on this level is extended 265 feet through ore
of steadily increasing value, and has not yet
reached the east wall. Throughout the mine
the ore stopes are yielding well and the quality
of the ore is rich,
Hale & Noeorosb. — The prospecting opera-
tions in this mine are confined to Ihe lowest
levels— the 2000 aud 2100-foot levels. On the
2000-foot level the cross-cuts have been carried
almost entirely across the ore vein without ex-
posing Rood ore in sufficient quantity to justify
its extraction. On the 2100 fuot level the north
drift is advancing in the ore vein, and is now
approaching a locality iu which ore is supposed
to exist.
Julia. — The shaft is now being sunk at the
rate of 4 feet per day. It is now 1113 feet
deep and the bottom in excellent working ground
requiring no blasting, the material being
quartz, porphyry, and clay.
Florida. — Sinking at the bottom of the shaft
is resumed and making good progress, the
ground working well and water not interfering.
The machinery works excellently, buta heavier
engine, with the requisite boiler, is ordered for
deeper working.
Savagk. — Sinking the main incline makes
the usual good progress, and some little im-
provement is noticeable in the prospecting
developments at the 2000-foot level.
Gould & Curry.— On the 1700-foot level the
north drift is advancing to unite with the
winze in order to imp ova the ventilation, and
thereby allow of thv thorough exploration of
that level. The volume of water flowing from
the east drift on the 1500 foot level does not
increase and is easily removed.
Justice. — The main drift is giving a fine
showing of ore at present, with continued im-
provement. Excellent assays are obtained
from the face, aud very high ones from the west
side of the drift.
Original Gold Hill. — The northwest drift
at the 340-foot level has assumed a north direc-
tion, and shows low grade ore and porphyry iu
its face. A cross-cut east, from it, is now in
six feet, and shows pretty fair ore in its face,
which improves as fuvther advance is made.
Crown Point. — Daily yield, 500 tons, from
"the old ore producing levels. Nothing new in
the way of ore developments iu those sections;
the breasts and stopes hold out excellently, and
bid fair to do so for a long time to come. Pros-
pecting is resumed at the 1500-foot level, east,
in the south and middle cross-cuts, running
farther east in order to see if pay ore cannot be
found in that direction.
Chollar-Potosi. — Daily yield, about 50 tons
per day. The old ore sections show improve-
ment in quality, with plenty of ore in sight as
yet. Average car samples assay $30 per ion.
East Belcheb. — The large *ew three-com-
partment working shaft is being sunk at a good
late of progress.
Yellow Jacket. — The drifts both north and
east at the 1740-foot level are making good pro-
gress, and the north winze below the 1740-foot
level is considerably encumbered with water.
Sutro Tunnel. — Progressing at a very lively
rate — about 15 feet per day. Rock works easily
and water does not interfere. Those Burleigh
drills do splendid execution. Total length of
tunnel from mouth to header, 8013 feet to-day.
Woodville. — The mill is kept steadily run-
ning on ore from the 200 and 300-foot levels,
and new ground is being opened below the
300-foot level.
Utah..— Gradiug for the new pumping ma-
chinery is progressing favorably. Sinking the
abaft will not be resumed until the new engines
shall have been placed in position.
Belcher.— Daily yield 450 tons of ore. The
drift east from the 1500-foot station of the main
incline, to open that level, is also going ahead
well. Sinking the main incline goes ahead as
usual, and it is to-day 50 feet below the 1500-
foot level. The new air shaft is down 220 feet
from the surface, aud the upraise portion of it,
from th§ 850 -foot level, is np 120 feet.
Ophir. — Daily yield, 240 tons, from the ore
breasts and stopes of and between 1300 and
lG45-foot levels, keeping 4 mills steadily run-
ning. The cross-cut from the winze below the
1645-foot level, near the California line, con-
tinues in splendid ore; in fact there is plenty of
rich ore in sight in the Ophir, and all the cross-
cut and winze explorations simply go to show
that the great bonaza extends downward and
northward. The quality of the ore extracted
during the past week was better than hereto-
fore, giving much higher assays; therefore, the
milling returns will be much better.
Imperial Empire.— The cross-out at the
2000-foot level is apparently near the ledge. Oc-
casional flows of hot water are met with, and
the drift is kept well timbered in anticipation
of any heavy body of water that might be tap-
ped iu cutting through the wall of the ledge.
Bouk Island. — The indications thus far met
with in this mine are very flattering, and Bhow
very plainly that depth only U needed to find a
good body of paying ore.
Sierra Nevada. — Daily yield, 60 tons, prin-
cipally from the old upper workings, keeping
the company's mill running.
Overman. — The 1100-foot station for a new
level and drift to the ledge is now being opened.
As soon as the 1100-foot station is well ad-
vanced, sinking at the bottom of the Bhaft
will be resumed.
Leo. — The face of the north drift shows
some stringers of very good ore, indicating that
a large body of ore may be soon developed.
Baltimore. — At the 750-foot level the seams
of quartz in the face of the drift are widening
and give high assays.
Silver Hill. — The face of the south drift at
the third level iB in fine looking quartz carry-
ing considerable metal. The face of the south
drift on the second level is in low grade red
quartz ore the full width of the drift and still
widening.
Succor —The pump has been doing effective
service, and the water being lowered suffi-
ciently, work is resumed in the drift.
Lady Bryan. — New shaft down to-day 373
feet. The new pump is iu place, and assists
progress very materially. The drifts for the
ledge are going ahead well.
California. — A shaft has been Btarted iu
connection with the adjoining miue, the Con-
solidated Virginia, at a point 1,040 feet east of
the shaft of that mine. In the California,
cross-drifts are now advancing towards the ore
body on the 1400-foot level, at a point 200 feet
north of the south line of the mine, and on the
1500-foot level, 100 and 200 feef northerly from
that boundary. It is expected that the ore
body will be reached by these transverse drifts
early in January. The richest ore develop-
ments in the Consolidated Virginia are very
close to the southern boundary of this mine,
and their extent is yet undetermined.
Mint. — Sinking the shaft for another level is
making good progress.
Nevada.— The good yield of ore from the old
chimney of the upper workings continues, and
the face of the lower tunnel is in low grade ore.
Mexican. — The drift from the 1465-foot level
of the Ophir to prospect this mine is going
ahead, with nothing interesting to report as
yet.
A New ledge with a very promising appear-
ance has been fouud on the south-western side
of the ridge back of Pioche. The owners are.
Murphy, Jones & Co.
The necessary machinery for working the
Amador quicksilver mine has been purchased,
and will soon be put in active operation.
It is estimated that the shipments of bullion
from Utah Territory the past year amounted to
$7,000,000.
A Bed of coal has been discovered on Cham-
bers' creek, near Stellacoom, Washington
Territory.
An inexhaustible Bupply of potter's clay has
been discovered at Whatcom, Washington
Territory.
Adviccs from Banner mining district, San
Diego county, say all the mills are running, and
times are lively.
The South Mountain Consolidated Mining
company have contracted for 3,000,000 bushels
of charcoal.
The railroad company is negotiating for
Moore & Parker's ooal mine, nearOarlin.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 2, 1875
Development of the Iron Interest.
A project for the development of the iron in-
terests of this State savs the Calaveras Citizen
has at last assumed definite [shape, and as soon
as the necessary arrangements can be perfected
active operations will be commenced. A com-
pany of Eastern capitalists have purchased an
iron mine in Shasta county, and their agent is
now making preparations for putting up the ne-
cessary works Cor manufacturing purposes.
The company propose to erect their works -
rolling mills, etc.— in Saoramento, provided the
city will donate a site. A meeting of the citi-
zens- of that place was held a few evenings since,
to consider thereafter, at which money enough
was subscribed to ensure the purchase and dona-
tion of the location desired by the company.
It is intended to manufacture steel rail as well
as all other different varieties of iron for which
there is a demand on this coast.
The successful prosecution of this enterprise
will result in incalculable benefit to the State.
Besides giving employment to a great number
of skilled hands and laborers, it will be but
the beginning of the development of an indus-
try that is certain to become one of the leading
interests of the coast. But few people have a
correct idea of the quantity of iron annually
consumed in this State. It is estimated that
§5,000,000 will not more than cover the yearly
expenditure for that article— every pound of
■which is now imported — $1,500,000 being paid
out for the single item ot nails. This vast
amount of money is taken out of the State to
pay for that which can and ought to be pro-
duced at home, a mode of doing business that
for years has told heavily against the prosper-
ity of California. The inauguration of iron
manufacturing here .will Jctop importation, in
at least one very important particular, and en-
courage the building up of a general system
of manufactures that the State can never reach
its full measure of prosperity without. We
are not yet wholly acquainted with the pur-
poses of the Eastern company. We do not
understand whether they intend transporting
the ore to Sacramento for reduction, or whether
they will make pig at the mine and work the
metal, simply, in the city. The cost of trans-
portatisn will undoubtedly have much to do
with settling that question, which, however it
may be determined, will i n no way detract from
the importance of the enterprise.
We regret that Calaveras was not selected as
the initial point for iron making. This county
possesses a number of advantages over Shasta
for the prosecution of that business which the
Eastern company must have ' overlooked in
choosing their location. An analysis of the
Shasta aud Calaveras ores proves that the latter
are the richer of the two, a fact that cannot be
too strongly emphasized when it is considered
that transportation is the chief item of expense
connected with manufacture. There are un-
limited quantities of hematic ores in this county
that assay as high as sixty per cent. iron, while
the best specimens from the Shasta field do
not show above thirty-five per cent. This dif-
ference in the quality of the ore is an advan-
tage in favor of Calaveras, that can be scarcely
be over-estimated, and it is strange that so im-
portant a tact was lost sight of by those seeking
the best place to engage in the manufacture of
iron. Further than this, Calaveras is much
more favorably located than Shasta for the
successful production of iron, being nearer a
market and closer to main thoroughfares of
transportation. So far as the question of fuel
is concerned no county in the State possesses
advantages superior, if equal to Calaveras, and
all other requisites for iron making are to be
had in abundance. While we are sorry that
Calaveras is not to have the honor of making
the first ton of iron produced in the State, we
have all the faith in the world that the time is
not far distant when the county's resources, in
that respect, will be developed. The success
of the Shasta enterprise will stimulate research,
and the great advantages of this county cannot
be muoh longer overlooked. Calaveras needs
but the unfolding of its latent resources to
place it in the front rank of prosperous coun-
ties, and we believe the development of the
iron interest will be the first step taken in that
direction.
Babtlett Creek. — The Silver State says of
this district: At present there are one hundred
or more prospectors in the district, nearly all
of whom have interests in one or more ruining
locations. The hills abound in ledges, and
new discoveries are made daily. A cut or
trench 40 or 50 feet long at right angles with
the CDurse of the veins is certain to strike one.
But few of them crop out on the surface, the
veins generally being what are called by miners
"blind ledges." Bartlett creek at all seasons
of the year is capable of running six or eight
ten-stamp mills, all of which can be built
within a few hundred yards of each other, as
the stre rn runs through a steep canon and is
exceedingly rapid. As a general thing the
veins as tar as developed are small but exceed-
ingly rich. The town of Varyville recently
laid out contains three saloons and one store.
Mr. Merchant is of the opinion that the mines
are permanent, and that Columbia district
will t>o one ot the liveliest in the country next
spring. Eight or ten miles from Varyville is
the newly located Snow Cieek distriot.
Columbia District.
The following, from G. F. Harris, a practical
assayer, relative to Columbia mining district,
in this county; we find in the Modoc Independent,
a new paper just started at Dofris' bridge, Mo-
doc county, California: The -Badger mine,
owned by Messrs. Vary, Keating & Merchant,
is fast developing into a valuable mine. The
ledge has been tapped all along for a distance
of 1,000 feet, and in each place exhibits a
fine 'body of paying ore. Two shafts sunk
on .the ledge to a depth of about- 60 feet
only, strengthen the conclusion that the mine
is one of immense wealth. An arastra belong-
ing to the Badger has successfully worked 80
tons or more, yielding a return of about ©4,000,
and the tailings which remain are of sufficient
value to pay for re-working. Mr; Vary has
sold a one-third interest to a man named
Bolinger, for $7,500, and the last-named gen-
tleman has gone to San Francisco to procure
a quartz mill, which he intends to put upon
the ground at once, and his return was daily
expected when I left (on the 15th instant).
Mr. Johnson, from Silver City, as I was in-
formed, was en route for the camp with his
twostamp mill, and has arrived ere this if
he met with no mishap. Messrs. Geary &
Mathews, of the Kosedale, No. 1, had made a
good strike in that claim, and had shipped
about one ton of ore to the Winnemucca mill
as a test. Judging from several assays made
of the rock by myself, I place its value at
from $40 to $60 a ton. The Eosedale claim,
No. 2, owned by Mr. Keating, Campbell, my-
self and others, is of very much the same char-
acter of ore as the ciaim described, and is be-
yond gainsay a true fissure. The vein has
been uncovered at intervals of a few yards for
several hundred feet, and shafts show it prop-
erly in its casing. The encasement of the vein
on its eastern or hanging wall, is a soft mica-
ceous granite which the gorge follows, while
the western or foot-wall is a quartzose grauite
of a more stubborn nature. The gouge or vein
ribbon that follows the hanging-wall, is a calyx
putty or clay, which we are led to believe never
exists except in true fissures.
The base metals, copper, galena and anti-
mony, appear in small -quantities, and the most
remarkable feature of this ore consists in these
metals always appearing separate and distinct
from each other, and from the gold. The ga-
lena and autimony, however, seem to carry the
greater part of the silver. Thus an expert can
easily separate the free milling ore from the
baser with his eye. There are several other
claims which might be mentioned as of prom-
ising value, and in fact may prove the most
valuable of all, but as the development of each
has not gone far enough to admit of an opin-
ion, I will in this connection only express a
wish for their future prosperity.
City Mining.
The Mountain Democrat says:'There are very
few town lots in Placerville proper but have
been mined out and filled in onoe, twice, thrice
or oftener, but within the past week we have
noticed quite a lively revival in this line.
Chinese companies pay an agreed sum for the
privilege of mining out a town lot, leaving the
buildings thereon intact by underpinning and
propping them up, and after the gold is all
washed out the lots are filled up by turning in
the water and depositing the sediment from
other mines above. For these mining privi-
leges in town lots, very respectable prices are
sometimes paid. Companies are now at work
in the lumber-yard lot of Jones & Co., lower
Main street, in Limpinsel's lot, on Main street,
above Bedford Avenue, and in the Burns'
dwelling-house lot, on Main street, just above
Ijimpens9l's. The privilege of mining the
Jones lot sold for $1,000; the same privilege
on the Burns lot sold for $350, and Limpensel
also obtaiued a good price, though he has not
made it public. Negotiations are pending for
a lot 107 bv 167 feet at the lower end of Main
street, $2,000 being the present owner's bed-
rock price. If the code and the law officers of
the county would permit it, there are well
posted old residents, principally business men,
who would give a handsome sum for the priv-
ilege of mining out Main street from Jones'
corner to the Central House, Coloma street,
from the upper corner of our office to Main
street, and Sacramento street from the corner
of Main to a short distance above Dunn's
blacksmith shop. This would include the
width of the streets for a distance of about 300
ynrds. Responsible parties have offered
$10,000 for the privilege of mining out this
ground, obligating themselves to leave the
streets in an improved condition, with a large
and substantial sewer the whole distance, which
would much improve the adjacent property.
From results obtained in digging cisterns and
otherwise, those best qualified to judge are
confident that not less than $100,000 could be
made in thus mining out the portions of streets
above indicated.
Prospecting Northward.
New Oregon Mines.
An excitement is raging with regard to a re-
cently discovered quartz ledge, situated in Jo-
sephine county, Oregon, at or near the junc-
tion of Galice creek with Rogue river. This
place is a little to the west of Jacksonville, and
distant therefrom about fifty or sixty miles.
The Jacksonville Times has the annexed on
the subject:
"The excitement consequent upon the dis-
covery of the quartz mines at Galice oreek
seems to be on the increase. Several of our
citizens have left for that section to see what
Drospeot there is of "making their pile." Par-
ties from other parts of the State are also arriv-
ing upon the scene, among whom are Judge J.
H. Reed and W. H. West, of Portland. Judge
Reed formerly owned some placer mines on the
creek, but, we believe, sold them a. short time
ago. The ledge is of immense proportions,
some saying it can be traced for twenty-five
miles, while its width is estimated as high as
two hundred feet, with a depth of 500 feet in
sight. The/ assays of ore from this ledge, made
by various assayers on this coast, speak favor-
ably for its richness. We understaud that it
is the intention of Mr. Courtney, one of the,
persons interested, to ship below for milling a
few tons of this rock, so as to fully test its
value and ascertain if the ore 'is refractory or
not. This movement will be necessarily re-
tarded some time, as, owing to the rough
roads, it is impossible to do so now. Should
these discoveries prove as rich and extensive as
we have cause to believe, money will be more
plentiful than ever before, for there is enough
for all. Jackson and Josephine counties can-
not be benefitted more by any enterprise than
by the successful working of these mines.
Already are our prospectors pushing north-
ward, as we a few days since predicted would
be the case. Making the Ophir mine the oen-
ter of the Comstock, there has as yet been but
little real prospecting done to the northward.
Southward we see lines of fine hoisting works
extending a distance of two or three miles,
while to the northward we have onl.v the works
of the Sierra Nevada and the Utah companies.
These are the only companies north of the
Ophir where' steam hoisting works are in oper-
ation, and are the only companies that have
shafts of any considerable depth. The grand
rush of prospecting companies has always
heretofore been to the southward. Now it
seems that the north end of the lead is to be
looked after. In taking a drive to the race-
track, three miles north of town, yesterday,
we observed men at work in several places.
Even out beyond the toll house, where we turn
from the Geiger grade to go down into the val-
ley in which the race-course is situated, we saw
men at work in long, open cuts, throwing dirt
right and left, like so mauy gophers. They
seemed bound to head off the big bonanza
should it be found to be coming in that direc-
tion. Still, beyond these, were to be seen on
the hilljsides signs of mining operations. Next
spring we shall doubtless see work resumed
and earnestly prosecuted in all the old shafts
and tunnels, and some valuable discoveries
may result. It is beginning to be apparent that
just when we thought we knew all about the
great mineral belt in which the Comstock lode
is the principal feature, we knew next to
nothing of the Comstock itself. Had we known
three months ago what we now know, many of
us might now be in possession of millions
where we have not dollars. This beiog the
case the work of sinking shafts and making ex-
plorations in the mineral belt should be
encouraged. The surface looks the same to
the northward, where men are now just begin-
ning to dig, as it does over the Ophir, Califor-
nia and Consolidated Virginia claims. The
ground that meets the eye as we walk over it
looks equally common and valueless. In the
silver-bearing belt valuable discoveries are
liable to be made, even in excavating a cellar
or digging a well. — JSnterpiise.
Napa County Mines.
The St. Helena Star says: The year ap-
proaching to a close has been one of general
prosperity to Napa county. The returns from
the agricultural and new mining districts of
the county have been of a much more satis-
factory character than anticipated, which is
well, because it is seldom that we get more of
this world's goods tban we expected. Crops
of all varieties have been abundant, and prioes,
as a general thing, have ranged liberal and in
some oases high, thereby acting as a blessing
to the producer, and also standing off the back-
sets of previous bad years, and encouraging him
to make the ooin "float," conferring, as it
were, to the community at large a general ben-
efit. Indications for a* continuance of our min-
ing and agricultural prosperity, to say theleaBt,
are actually of that character, wherein one is
apt to say "you flatter me." As yet there is
no evidence to dispute the assertion; we have
had copious rains, promising excellent pastur-
age; an important advantage to live-stock hold-
ers at this season of the year, while a large area
of soil has been turned up for sec-ding, which,
in many cases, has already been done. With
the rains, common to this month, crops will get
an earlier start, thus lessening the contingen-
cies at the tail end of the season. The condi-
tion of things thus assured is an item of vast
importance.
The mining industries of the county have,
to no little degree, contributed to our general
prosperity. By close figures we fiud that, since
spring, there has been something like $300,000
brought into the county in the shape of mining
machinery, and that over $2,000,000 of dollars
has been paid to our mining population, muoh
of which has found circulation in this county,
in a general way benefitting everybody. Of
course not directly, but like the air we breathe,
we feel its life.
A knowledge of this state of facts inspires
encouragement to all classes. The more plen-
tiful supply of money has already the effect of
producing lower rates of interest. One per
cent, per month is now quite sufficient, where,
last year at this period, one and a half ruled as
easy.
The amount of building and improvements
consummated and going on surpasses anything
of the kind that has in one year been attempted,
affording constant employment to mechanics
aud laborevs at remunerative prices, which, in
turn, has stimulated all branches of trade.
Trade throughout the county was never on a
more healthy basis. Merchants are laying in
large stocks to meet the prospective demand
of the holidays, and all this comes of the pros-
perity enjoyed during the year and the kind in-
dications which foreshadow the next.
The celebrated Jersey mine, in Jersey dis-
trict, has beeu sold for $3 .1,000 to Sacramento
smelting works. Jersey district is situated in
Humboldt county, about forty miles southwest
of Galena.
Pancake Mountain Coal. — A large specimen
of coal from Pancake mountain was brought
by G. D. Howell to this office to day. The
specimen is of a good quality, and we should
judge far superior to the Mt, Diablo article.
It burns freely and leaves a clear, white ash.
It is evidently a combination of anthraoitic
and bituminous, and for the manufacture of
coke is said to equal the best Pittsburg candle
coal. At the depth of 400 feet the vein is 34
inches in width, well defined and solid, and ap-
pearances indicate an extensive and valuable
deposit. There are seventy-five tons already
on the dump, and the pile is being increased at
the rate of about four tons per day. Experi-
ments in the manufacture of coke have been
entirely successful, and arrangements are being
made by the company for the manufacture of
the article upon an extensive scale. — Eureka
Sentinel.
Of Doubtful Practicability. — The main
feature of a new plan for raising sunken ships
is closing hermetically the hatches and all
openings in the upper parts, and then pumping
down air through tubes inserted through the
bottom. The air thus introduced rises toward
the under side of the deck, and not being able
to escape, presses the water down and out
through the holes in the ship's bottom. The
vessel by this means will be rendered buoyant
and rise to the surface. It is obvious, however,
that in order to insnro success, it will be nec-
essary to seal up the deck and upper part of
the vessel so thoroughly that no air can escape.
We do not believe that this can be done at
moderate cost, and if it were done we feel cer-
tain that the straining and raoking of the ves-
sel would open the seams, let out the air and
undo all that had been done. — Indus. Monthly,
The New MrNE. — The new Mexican mine on
the Comstock, though still a portion of the
original Ophir ground, has no connection with
the old mine ol the same name, but is simply
the north division of the Ophir. This hereto-
fore comprised 1,275 feet, but it is now divided,
giving the Mexican 600 feet, and the Ophir 675
feet. The Mexican has 168 shares to the foot,
and Ophir 150, or 149 shares and a fraction to
the foot. By this -division, the holders of
Ophir receive a stock dividend of one share of
Mexican to each of their shares of Ophir. The
Ophir has the cream of the thiug, that is to say,
it has all the ore thus far discovered and be-
longing to the recent rich developments; but
this is expected to extend into, and perhaps be-
yoDd the Mexican. The name of the new stock
as it appears on the quotations of the Board,
has a familiar look to old residents, who re-
member the time when in describing the dis
covery of ore of the highest grade, it was only
necessary to say "it is almost as rich as the
Mexican."
Bull Kun and Cornucopia.— From Ben.
Painter, a Nevada pioneer, who arrived here a
few days ago from Bull Kun, we learn the fol-
lowing: The Blue Jacket mill is rapidly ap-
proaching completion. The miue has been
tapped by a tunnel several hundred feet lower
than the old works, and at the point of inter-
section carries two feet of high-grade ore. At
Cornucopia the new mill had steamed up for
the first time, last Wednesday, though the mill
will not commence crushing ore for eight or
ten days yet. Painter came down for a load of
provisions, and expects to start homeward to-
morrow. He says the roads are in excellent
condition. — Silver State.
Fastening Ikon in Stone. — A writer strongly
recommends the use of zinc instead of lead for
fastening iron railings- into Btone. It is well
known that iron cemented with lead is con-
sumed by rust very rapidly and destroyed. The
zinc, however, establishes a galvanic circuit
with the iron, and being positive to the iron,
constrains all the chemical action and becomes
oxydized, while no rust forms upon the iron.
With lead the opposite takes place. It makes
also with iron a galvanic combination, but the
iron being positive oompared with the lead, it
undergoes the chemical action, is oxalized, and
protects the lead at its own expense.
Marking Tools. — Much trouble can often be
saved by marking tools with their owners'
names, which can easily be done in the follow-
ing manner: Coat over the tools with a thin
layer of wax or hard tallow, by first warming
the steel and rubbing on the wax warm until it
flows, and let it cool. When hard, mark your
name through the wax with a graver, and apply
aquafortis (nitric acid); after a few moments,
wash off the acid thoroughly, and wipe it off
with a soft rag. The letters will be found
etched into the steel.
January 2, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
Qood HB4LTH-
Washing Out the Stomach.
Dr. C. Ewald, of Berlin, describes a method
of washing out the stomuch, which, ou account
of it* great simplicity seems likely to make tbe
topical treat m< ut of diseases of the *doumcb,
especially in < as a of poisoning, much more
common: "A piece 01 ordinary iudia rubber
tubing, such as is used for gas-lamps, abuut
six feet lout,', is used. One end is rounded
with scis-ors, and, if neot ssary, two holes are
cut at a short distance from the end. This
tube poss^sts quite sufficient rigidity to be
passed without difficulty into the stomach. To
the outer end a funuel is tin d, into whiuh cm
be poured either water or a solution of soda,
etc., according to circumstances. If the con-
tents of tbe stomach are to be removed the
outer end of the tube must be sunk to the level
of the pubes, or even lower; then the patient
must make a short but forcible contracliou of
tbe abdominal walls. By this meaus the tube
is filled to its highest poiut with the contents of
the stomach, and becomes a siphon; the liquid
continuing to flow until there is no more, or
till the tube is stopped.
This lust seldom occurs, if the tube be of a
moderate calibre, ghould it, however, happen,
or the abdominal pressure be insufficient to
fill the tube in the first instance, or the patient
be insensible, or any similar difficulty arise, it
can, In general, be readily overcome by fitting
a common clyster-syringe to tbe eud of the
tube, one stroke from the pistou of which is
generally sufficient to remove the obstacle.
The Hourly Death Bate. — Dr. Lawson, an
English physician, has recently published some
curious observations regarding the time of the
day when the greatest and least number of
deaths occur. He fiuds, from tbe study of tbe
statistics of several hospitals, asylums, and
other institutions, tbat deaths from chronic dis-
eases are most numerous between the hours of
eight and ten in the morning, and fewest be-
tween like hours in the evening. Acute deaths
from continued fevers and pneumonia take
place in the greatest ratio either in the early
morning, when tbe powers of life are at their
lowest, or iu the afternoon, when acute disease
is most active. The occurrence of those defi-
nite daily variations in the hourly death rate is
shown, in tbe case of chronic diseases, to be
dependent on recurring variations in the ener-
gies of organic life; and in tbe case of acute
diseases, the cause is ascribed either to the ex-
istence of a well marked daily extreme of bodily
depression, or a daily maximum of intensity of
acute disease.
Simple Dyspepsia Remedies. — Dyspepsia
arises from a great variety of causes, and dif-
ferent persons are relieved by different reme-
dies, according to tbe nature of the disease and
condition of tbe stomach. We know of a lady
who has derived great benefit from drinking a
tumbler of sweet milk — the richer and fresher
the better, whenever a burning sensation is ex-
perienced in the stomach. An elderly gentle-
man of our acquaintance, who was afflicted for
many vears with great distress after eating, has
effected a cure by mixing a tablespoontul of
wbent bran in half a tumbler of water, and
drinking it half an hour after his meals. It is
necessary to stir quickly and drink immedi-
ately, or the bran will adhere to the glass and
become pasty. Coffee and tobacco are proba-
bly the worst substances persons troubled with
dyspepsia are in the habit of using, and should
be avoided. Regular eating of nourishingplain
food, and the use of some simple remedies like
the above, will effectin most cases quicker cures
than medicine. — Scientific American,
Nelaton's Treatment of Bcils. — A French
medical journal says that Nelaton for more
than 20 years prescribed the use of alcohol for
the prevention of these smaller abscesses
which are so common among young people and
which so seriously impair the beauty of the
face. It appears that this treatment is now
extending. In speaking of boils and outward
abscesses, and other inflammations of the epi-
dermis and of the derma," he observes that as"
soon aB the characteristic circular redness ap-
pears on any part of the body, whatever may
be its size, with a point rising in the middle,
making it a grayish white, a thimbleful of cam-
phorated alcohol should be poured into a
saucer; the palm of the hand should be wetted
with it and this should be rubbed with gentle
friction over the affected place. The fingi-rs
should be again steeped, and the friction con-
tinued as often as eight or ten times every half
minute. The place should be well dried and
before covering it. up a little camphorated olive
oil should be applied to prevent the evapora-
tion of the fluid.
Red Wall Paper Dangers. — To the dangers
due to the arsenic entering into the pigment
used in staining green wall paper, must now
be added others produced by coralline dye em-
ployed in the coloring of red hangings. It ap-
pears that the poisonous symptoms (extending
to acute eruptions of the body, when under
garments thus dyed are worn, and to eye dis-
eases in papered rooms) are owing not directly
to the coralline, since recent experiments have
proved tbe substance to be harmless, but to an
arsenical mordant used to fix it. This last acts
as a poison, both topically upon the skin,
through contact with garments, and also by its
dust and vapors, disengaged from the stuffs
which it colors.
Health and Marriage.
Mr. Francis Gallon, of the Royal Institution
{Eng.) in some late remarks before that body
ou the healthy nature of scientific work, made
a brief allusion to the importance of regard to
consiitnntioual heulth on the part of parties
contracting marriage. "It is positively start-
liug," said Mr. G. iu referring to certain spe-
cial health returns, "to observe 'n them statis-
tics of tbe strongly heriditary character of good
aud indifferent constitutions." He finds rea-
son to believe that marriages of unhealthy moil
and women are not unfrequent; and he adds:
"These returns seem to show that the issue of
snob marriuges are barely capable of pushing
their way to the front ranks of life. All statis-
tical data concur in-proving 1h.1t healthy per-
sons are more likely to have healthy progeny;
aud this truth cannot be too often illustrated,
until it has taken such a hold of tho popular
miud that considerations of health and energy
shall be of recognized importanee in questions
of marriage, so much so as tbe more imme-
diately o* vious ones of rank and fortune."
Mr. Gallon is quite right* aud the truth
which he thus puts forward is one of tho high-
est importance. If ptople would only remem-
ber tbat for the most part they may choose
whether their families shall be healthy, active
and energetic, or not, much of tbe helplessness
and misery which now afflict the nations of the
earth would disappear.
How to Avoid Colds.— An editorial in tbe
British Medical Jounutl, on catching cold, con-
cludes thus : The practical considerations
which are the outcomes of this review of path-
ology of colds are these: Never wear wet
clothes after active muscular oxertion has
ceased, but change them at once; to meet
the loss of tho body heat by warm fluids and
dry clothes; to avoid long sustained loss of heat
which is not met by inoreased production of
heat; to increase the tonicity of the vessels of
the skin by cold baths, etc., so educating them
to contract readily on exposure, by a partial
adoption indeed of the "hardening" plan; and
to prevent the inspiration of cold air by the
mouth by some protecting agent, as a respira-
tor. We can readdy understand how a respir-
ator should be an effective protection against
winter bronchitis in those so disposed.
Use^Ul I^qk^^jeon.
Reduction of Obesity.
An exchange says: "Obesity is made the
subject of an interesting article in the Journal
des Connaissances Medicates, by Dr. Corlieu.
Dr. Banting's system of cure consists, as is
pretty generally known, in abstaining from
bread, butter, milk, sngar and potatoes; taking
about five ounces of beef, mutton, fish, or
bacon, for breakfast, with a large cup of tea
without either milk or sugar, and with an
ounce of biscuit or toast; for dinner, about six
ounces of any fish except salmon; of any kind
of meat exclusive of pork, and of any vegetables
save potatoes. Game, fowls, pudding, cham-
pagne, port and beer, forbidded.
Another method is described in the article
before us as tried by a physician, Dr. Philbert,
who was himself the patient. At the age of
twenty-six he weighed three hundred and ten
pounds, and measured four feet ten inches
around the abdomen. His sleep was heavy,
his pulse irregular at seventy-two per minute,
his appetite and digestion were good. Having
placed himself under the care of Dr. Schiudler,
at Marinbad, Bohemia, he treated him as fol-
lows: Get up at six in the morning; from half-
past six to seven take three glasses (six
ounces each) of the Kreutzbunn spring; from
half past seven to eight, two boiled eggs and a
cup of tea, and a small roll; from nine to ten, a
vapor bath daily, the first perspiration being
followed by friction with a gloved hand and a
cold douche; the second by rubbing with a soft
flesh-brush; the third, by flagellation with a
bundle of poplar twigs with their leaves on,
then a second doudie of cold water. On leav-
ing the bath rubbing the body with vinegar.
After the bath, a walk. At eleven a. m., two
dishes of meat or fish, one of vegetables, boiled
fruit without sugar, half a bottle of wine, and
two small rolls. From noon to six a perma-
nent stay in the forest surrounding tbe town,
walking as much as possible without fatigue.
At six, a dish of cold meat, boiled fruit as
above, half a bottle of wine and a roll of bread.
A walk after this dinner. At eight, shampoo-
ing with soap; half an hour later to bed. Morn-
ing and evening, five alkaline pills.
The treatment lasted six weeks, at the end of
which he had lost thirty-five pounds. He then
continued the cure at home, with the Marien-
bod waters for a fortnight, and afterward went
to Fontainebleau in order to eat two pounds of
grapes gathered on the spot, every morning
fasting. At the end of two months he had re-
duced his weight to two hundred and fifty-six
pounds, and has since come down to one hun-
dred and eighty pounds, enjoying excellent
health.
Natubal Antiscorbutics. — General Sherman
says that the agava Americana, or Spanish bay-
onet, the fruit of the common prickly pear,
aud the succulent leaves of some of the varie-
ties of the cactus that abounds on the deserts
of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, fnruish ex-
cellent specifics for that horrible disease, the
scurvy.
Structure of a Cow's Horn.
It is very frequently the case that in the
commonest, most uniuviting of objects, we
may see (if we like) beautiful exomples of
engineeripg skill. A few days since, says Mr.
Frank Bnckland in Land and Wattr, I was In-
spcottng the large tanneries of the Means.
llamlyu at Buckfastleigh, on the River Dart,
Devonshire. Iu one of tho b*ck yards was a
mountain of the skulls and horns of oows of all
sorts and kinds. Horo there was a treasure
worthy of investigation; so I got on to the
mountain of horns aud skulls, and picked out
some beautiful specimens which Mr. Hamlyn
kindly ^ave me, iu order to make sections, etc.
I find that over the brain of the cow a strong
rouf of bono is thrown in the shape of an arch,
so as to form a substantial foundation for the
horns. This roof is not solid, but is again
strengthened below by a series of bony arches,
that are so distributed as to form a series of
hollow chambers, thus formiug a structure
uniting Htrength with lightness.
The problem now is, how to fasten the horn
on each side on to this buttress. The horn
itself must of course be formed of horn proper,
i e., hardened hair. In the rhinoceros, we find
a horn composed entirely of a solid mass of
what is really a bunch of hair agglntiuatcd
together; but this kind of horn would have
been much too heavy for the cow's convenient
use. What is to bo doue? Why, hollow out
the center of tbe horn of course; but stay — this
will not do, because how is the horn to be sup-
plied with blood-vessels?— in fact, how is it to
grow? Let us see how it is done by the great
Designer.
Cut the horn right across with a saw, and you
will find inside another horn, only mado of
bone. If the section is made about one-third
of the way down the length of the horn, you
will be able to pick out a piece of bone in the
shape of a cone, on which, or rather round
which, the horn proper has shaped itself. This
bouo fits the cavity with the greatest accuracy;
it is as light as the thinnest paper, and yet as
strong as a cone of tin. It is everywhere per-
forated with holes, which in life contained the
nerves, the veins and arteries, and we know a
cow has all these in her horns; nerves proved
by the fact that cows do not like their horns
touched, and that they can scratch a fly off their
hides with the top of the horn; arteries and
veins, proved by the fact that a horn when
broken will bleed, and that the horn of a living
cow feels quite warm when held in the hand,
besides whuh the nerves aud arteries form a
union between the internal core of bone and
the external covering of horn proper.
If we now cut the rest of tbe horn into sec-
tions we shall find that the inside of the bony
part is really hollow, but that very strong but-
tresses of bone are thrown about every inch or
so, across the cavity of the horn in such a man-
ner as to give it the greatest possible support
and strength. I have cut a cow's horn and
skull into several sections to show these but-
tresses of bone, and now tbat the preparation
is finished I have another specimen to show
that there is design and beauty in all created
objects.
Chinese India Ink.
Although the Chinese prepare their ink from
the kernel of someamygdalaceous fruit, yet, by
the aid of our present chemical appliances we
are able to produce a composition in no way in-
ferior to the best Chinese iuk, by the adoption
of a formula which is given in Kiffault's
treatise on the '-'Manufacture of Colors." The
following is the formula:
Calcined lampblack, 100 parts; hogshead
shale black, in impalpable powder, 50 parts;
indigo carmine, in cakes, 10 parts; carmine
lake, 5 parts; gum arabic (first quality), 10
parts; purified oxgall, 20 parts; alcoholic ex-
tract of musk, 5 parts.
The gum is dissolved in 50 to 60 parts pure
water, and the solution filtered through a cloth.
The indigo carmine, lake, lampblack and shale
black are incorporated with this liquor, and
the whole ground upon a slab with a mnller, in
the same manner as ordinary colors; but in
this case the grinding takes much longer.
When the paste is thoroughly homogeneous
the oxgall is gradually added, aud then the
alcoholic extract of musk. The more the black
is ground the finer it is. The black is then
allowed to dry in the air until it has acquired
sufficient consistency to be molded into cakes,
which in their turn are still further dried in the
air, out of the reach of dust. When quite
firm these cakes are compressed in bronze
molds, having appropriate designs engraved
upon them. The molded ink is then wrapped
in tinfoil, with a second envelope of gilt paper.
The ink which has been prepared in this man-
ner possesses all the properties of the real Chi-
nese article. Its grain is smooth; it flows very
well, mixes perfectly with many other colors,
and becomes so firmly fixed to the paper that
other colors may be spread over it without
washing it out.
Useful Information. — It is sometimes use-
ful to know how to dissolve silver withont at-
tacking copper, brass or German silver, so as
to remove the silver from silvered objects,
plated ware, etc. A liquid for the purpose ia
simply a mixture of nitric acid with six parts
of sulphuric, heated in a water bath to 106 deg.
Fah., at which temperature it operates best.
By this means the old silver attached to plated
ware, old daguerreotype plates, etc., may be
removed and saved without necessity for wast-
ing acids in dissolving a large amount of use-
less motaj.
Domestic Eco^o^y
How to Cook Turkeys and Chickens.
Roast Turkey.— A turkey should be well
singed and cleaned of pin feathers; then draw
the inwards. Be sure you take everything out
tbat is inside. Dip the turkey into eold water ;
dean the gizzard, liver, heart and neck; let alt
soak one hour if you havo time. Wash all
very clem; wipe the turkey very dry inside
aud out. Make a dressing of two cupfuls of
bread crumbs, one teaspoonful of Bait, two
large spoonfuls of sweet marjoram, two spoon-
fuls of butter, one egg and mix them well to-
gether. Cut the skin of the turkey in the back
part of the neck, that the breast may look
plump; fill the breast with the force-meat and
sew it up. If you have any more forcemeat
than is required for the breast, put the remain-
der into the body and skewer tbe vent, tie the
legs down very tight, skewer the wings down
to the sides, and turn the neck on to the baok
with a strong skewer. Baste with salt and
water once, then frequently with butter; fifteen
minutes before dishing, dredge with a little
salt and flour, and basto with butter for the
last time. This will give a fine frothy appear-
ance and add to the flavor of the turkey.
To make gravy, put the gizzad, neck and
liver, into a saucepan with a quart of water, a
little pepper, salt and mace; put it on the fir e
aud let it boil to about half a pint. When
done, braid up the liver very fine with a knife,
and put it back into the water it was boiled in;
then add the drippings of the turkey and a lit-
tle flour, and give it one boil, stirriug it all the
time. Dish the gizzard with the turkey. Al-
low twelve minutes to a pound for the time to
roast a turkey. A turkey weighing ten pounds
requires two hours to roast with a clear fire,
not too hot. Turn the spit very often.
Boiled turkey is prepared the same aB for
roasting, except in the dressing. Put in pork,
chopped very fine, instead of butter. In truss-
ing, turn the wings on the back instead of the
sides, as for roasting; flour a cloth well, pin
up the turkey tight, put it into boiling water
where one or two pounds of salt pork have
been boiling for some time; let this boil with
the turkey : and dish the pork with tho turkey
on a separate dish, with some parsley. Serve
with oysters. or celery sauce. A turkey weigh-
ing eight pounds requires an hour and a half
to boil.
IIoast Chickens. — Dress and roast the same
as a turkey. A pair of chickens weighing six
pounds require an hour and a half to roast.
Make the gravy the same aB for a turkey, ex-
cept the mice, which is to be ommitted.
Boiled Chickens. — Dress and boil the same
as a tuikey, Some cooks do not stuff boiled
chickens or turkeys; but the dressing adds as
much to the boiled as to the roast. Fork boiled
with chickens is very necessary. A pair of
chickens require from one to two hours to boil,
depending upon the size and age. — Ohio
Farmer.
Blowing Meat.— Dr. Yeld, medioal officer of
health for Sunderland, England, has presented
a memorial to the health committee of that
town against the "blowing and stuffing of
meat.'7 The practice of "blowing" is described
aB follows: "A tube or pipe 1b thrust under the
skin of the meat, and the butcher or dresser
then blows the foul air from his own lungs into
the cellular tissue of the meat, the effect being
that a deceptive appearance of plumpness or
fatness is given to the meat, and in many cases
it becomes tainted with the smell of rum, to-
bacco, etc." This is pleasant for consumers of
meat, and where ignorance is bliss, it is per-
haps folly to be wise; and now that public at-
tention has been called to the "blowing" prac-
tice, it might perhaps bs as well for butchers
to meet the wishes of the fastidious so far as to
use a pair of bellows for the purpose of giving
a graceful contour to the carcasses of animals
they kill. Even for their own sakes they will
act prudently by discontinuing the use of their
lungs in the process.
' Chocolate Caramels. — Take one pound of
sugar, one-fourth pound of chocolate, one table-
spoonful of milk, one also of molasses. Grate
the chocolate and mix with sugar, etc. Put the
mixture in an iron skillet on the back part of
the stove, where the heat will slowly melt it.
Cook slowly, stirring it well. To ascertain
when done, take a little in a spoon and drop it
in a cup of water; if done, it ought to sink in a
solid mass, and in a few minutes be firm.
When you have decided that it is cooked
enough, grease a long cheesecake tin with but-
ter; pour iu the mass and spread evenly. Be-
fore too cold, cut in small squares.
Breakfast Indian Cake. — Take as much
meal as may be required, scald it partially; then
take some drippings of lard and warm water —
melt the fat with it; then take the meal and
mix it with milk to the proper consistency; add
a little salt and a beaten egg, or the egg may be
omitted; bake ou the griddle, and you will have
an excellent cake.
Water Cake. — Take four cups of sifted flour,
two cups of white sugar, half a cup of butter,
two eggs, and one cup of water. Turn the
water over the butter, stir the sugar into it,
add the eggs well beaten. Dissolve a small
teaspoonful of saleratus in a little boiling
water; stir it in; mix two spoonsfula of cream
of tartar with the flour. Nutmeg, lemon or
mace for the flavoring.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 2, 1875.
%W
W*. B. EWER -- Senioe Editoe.
DEWEY «fc CO.. Fiiblisliers.
K T. DEWEY, GEO. H. BTEONQ
W. B. EWEE, JKO. L. BOOSE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
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Large advertisements at iavorable rates. Special °*
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearinS
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper,
inserted at Bpecial rates.
"We Will Prepay All Postage
On this paper after the 1st of January, 1875, as the law
demands. This is equivalent to reducing the sub-
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©an Francisco:
Saturday Morning. Jan. 2, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS. -
EDITOBIALS AND GENERAL NEWS-—
Improved Current Water Wheel; More Kain Wanted;
Kosita Mining District, Pag-e 1. Prospectus; The
Idaho Mine; Shell Mound, Oakland, 8. Hydraulic
Mining in California; Mining Accidents; The Old
CotnstoclE, 9. Patents and Inventions; Shooting;
Faial Political Quarrel; Hawaiian Annexation, and
other Items of News, 12-
ILLUSTRATIONS. — McCarty's Current Water
Wheel, 1. Shell Mound, Oakland"; Hydraulic Mining
in California, 9.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— Cork as a Non-
conductor of Heat; Freeing Cast Iron from Phos-
phorus; Metallic Pens; Thick and Thin Saws; Belt-
ing and Gearing; Air Pressure in Wind Instruments;
Springs as Motors; Pulling up Forest Trees by Steam;
Computing the Speed of Gearing and Pulleys, 3-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— The Transit and its
Probable Results; Peat Charcoal as a Deodorizer; The
Telemeter in Surveying; The Development of Natu-
ral History and Science, 3.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of Stock
Market for the Week, 4.
MINING SUMMARY.— From various counties in
California and Nevada, 4-5.
GOOD HEALTH. -Washing Out the Stomach; The
Hourly Death Rate; Simple Dyspepsia Remedies;
Nelaton's Treatment of Boils; Red Wall Paper Dan-
gers; Health and Marriage; How to Avoid Cold6, 7.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Reduction of Obes-
ity; Natural Antiscorbutics; Structure of a Cow's
Horn: Chinese India Ink; Useful Information, 7-
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— How to Cook Turkeys
and Chickens; Blowing Meat; Chocolate Caramels;
Breakfast Indian Cake; Water Cake, 7.
MISCELLANEOUS.— The Big Mill; Mining Theo-
ries; The Iowa Hill Canal; Coso— The New District;
Removing Hair from Hides, 2. Development of the
Iron Interest; Bartlett Creek; Comlumbia District;
New Oregon Mines; Pancake Mountain Coal; City
Mining; Prospecting Northward; The New Mine;
Napa County Mines; Of Doubtful Practicability; Bull
Run and Cornucopia; Fastening Iron in Stone; Mark-
ing Tools, 6. Novices and Adobe-Soil; Paradise Val-
ley; Landscape Gardening; Crude Way to Test Sul-
phuretB; Groom District; Levee Law Amendments in
Political Code; Relief DiBtrict, 10-
[Business Notice.]
Mining and Scientific Press,
A VALUABLE WEEKLY FOR
Miners, Mechanics and Manufacturers
on the Pacific Coast.
Volume XXX of this first-class, standard
journal commences with the year 1875. Its
proprietors, having the successful experience
of ten years publication of the Pbess, have no
hesitation in saying that for the ensuing year
the paper shall, in keeping with the times,
reach a higher mark of merit than ever before.
"With our own printing press, folding ma-
chine,
Able Editors, Correspondents,
And skilled workmen in different departments
of our now extensive and growing establish-
ment, we mean to print a journal throughout
the year, which all citizens, whether patrons
or not, may be proud of seeing published and
supported on this side of the ccntinent.
No kindred journal in America furnishes
more real
Fresh, Novel, Interesting Information
In its volumes than the Mining and Scientific
Peess. "We have the
Largest Mining Field in the World
To report from. It embraces the largest variety
of mines and mining; methods of working; and
more numerous wonderful discoveries than any
other section of the globe. It is the birth place
of many of the
Latest and Best Inventions in Gold,
Silver and Labor Saving,
With brief, reliable, well chosen and prepared
editorials; varied and condensed correspond-
ence and selections; tables and statistics ar-
ranged for ready reference,
Superior Illustrations,
Of local and general interest to its readers, it
forms a weekly journal of individual character
and unrivalled worth to its intelligent and in-
dustrial Patrons at home and abroad. It is the
Leading Mining Journal of America,
And in its practical, interesting and substantial
make up, it is unrivalled by any mining or
mechanical journal in the world.
Home Manufactures and Home Inven-
tions
Will be constantly encouraged. Both help to
build up the brain and material wealth of the
country. They are kindred to our individual
enterprise. Our interests are mutual with all
home aitizans and producers. Where on the
face of the globe do inventoks and Manufac-
turers either need or desebve more tncourage-
ment ?
Its Value to the Community,
In disseminating important information; dissi-
pating false notions; checking expensive follies;
instigating important enterprises; by wise coun-
sel and scientific direction, enrich' Dg the rewards
of honest labor, we are annually saving and
adding
Millions of Dollars
To the products of our countiy. The Psess
has already
A Large Circulation,
And is deserving of more universal patronage
from those whose interests it specially repre^
sents. This sparsely populated portion of the
Union is a difficult one for publishers to pre-
sent the claim of their journal in to all who
should subscribe. In these times of seemingly
cheap (but largely, trashy and worthless) jour-
nalism, it is desirable and proper that those
who know the real merits of a faithful journal
should
Speak and Act in its Favor.
We shall not spare our efforts to make sound
and improved issues, maintaining constantly
the rights of all, and forwarding the material
and intellectual rights of our patrons, and of
our sturdy, progressive community.
Necessarily, scientific and mining publica-
tions generally are costly and high priced, but
considering the size, character and location of
our publication, our rates are favorable for so
valuable a print.
We invite correspondence from all sections.
Subscriptions, payable in advance, $4 a year.
Single copies, postpaid, 10 cents.
Address, DEWEY & CO-,
Publishees, No. 224 Sansome St., S. F.
A Qdery. — Would it be practicable to con-
struct an apparatus which would automatically
imitate the sounds of a telegraphic instrument?
Some who read this may be already aware that
messages can be sent very rapidly by means of
perforated patterns, punctured to correspond
to the dots and dashes used in telegraphy. If
some inventor will be ingenious enough to
apply this principle, or some ..other, in such, a
way as to get up a self-acting sounder which will
repeat any given message that may be arranged
for it, imitating the sounds made by a good
operator; such a sounder could be made very
useful to students in telegraphy. By its use
students could, at their own homes, soon be-
come familiar with these sounds. It would
greatly aid in removing one of the chief diffi-
culties in the way of becoming a "sound"
operator.
A clean-up at the Chile Gulch hydraulic,
Calaveras county, last week, realized $21,000.
The Idaho Mine.
The Idaho mine, Grass Valley, is owned by
a few people and worked on strict business
principles as all mines should be. It is not
known in the stock market, and is not listed in
the Board. For this reason no quotations of its
value appear in the newspapers, and very little
is heard of it except reports of progress in the
Grass Valley newspapers. The mine is owned
by a "close corporation," has its offices in
Grass Valley, and is not known on California
street. The 35-stamp mill, hoisting works and
machinery are the best in the district, and the
mine is in a generally prosperous condition.
The mine is a sample of many others in this
Slate, worked by private companies, which
greatly increase the bullion product, and of
whieh no record is made of profits. In the
published statement of dividends, etc., each
year, no mines are mentioned except those ou
the stock list, and mines like the Idaho are to-
tally ignored. Nevertheless, the Idaho has
paid from 1869 to 1874 the sum of $1,602,750
in dividends, making a profit of 517 per cent,
during that time on the capital stock. Since
1869 there have been 65 dividends paid, as fol-
lows: In 1869 11 dividends were paid, equal to
$170,500, or 55 per cent, on the capital stock.
In 1870 the mine paid seven dividends, equal
to $37,500, or 12 per cent. In 1871 it paid 12
dividends, equal to $232,500, or 75 per cent.
In 1872 it paid 11 dividends, equal to $162,750,
or 52% per cent. In 1873 it paid 12 dividends,
equal to $682,000, or 220 per cent. In 1874
it pai4 12 dividends, equal to $317,750, or
102% per cent. This makes a total of $1,602,-
700 in dividends, or 517 per cent on the capi-
tal stock in six years.
There are few mines which can show abetter
record than this when- the perceutage of profit
is considered. There are only 3,100 shares in
all, and the owners realized a profit this year
of $102.50 per share. The report of the offi-
ceis of the mine as published in full in the
Gra&e Valley Union is quite inteiesting, as
showing the relative expenses and profits of
working the mine. During the year they
crushed 28,801% tons of rock, of which
1,942% tons came from the 400 level; 1,886^
tons came from the 500 level; 5,581% tons
came irom the 600 level; 16,433% tons came
from the 700 level; 1,594% tons came from the
800 level, and 963 from the shaft. This gave a
gross yield of 36,169 ounces of gold, $631,-
190 56—217 tons of sulphnrets, $1,600; speci-
mens, $38.50; gross yield of tailings, $10,-
989.25; gold from old copper, $692.39. Total,
$664,811.20. Giving an average of $23.40 per
ton.
The superintendent states that during the
year they have driven 1,149 feet of drift. This
amount of drift has opened up more ledge than
they have worked out, and he estimates that
they have four years work of pay ore in sigut.
The following is a summary of receipts and
expenditures:
EXPENDITUBES.
Mill and mining $233,662.20
Sulphnrets account. 4,436.50
Tailing do 1,238.50
McDougal concentrator 293.01
Burleigh drill 11,507.20
New pumping works 25,001 .41
Repairing old shaft for pump 9,186.86
New steam pump for 200 level 1,685.02
Sinking main shaft .- 23,375.89
General account 24,270,99
Total expense of working mine $334,767,58
Dividends $102.50 per share 317,750.00
$652,517.58
RECEIPTS.
Cash on hand '. ? 10,297.10
36,167 ounces bullion 631,190.56
Sulphnrets, worked and sold 19,243.35
Percentage from tailing 5,557.13
Pan rent 1,288.50
Old copper '. ; 992 .89
Lease of surplus water 400.00
Specimens sold 38.50
Old rope 15.00
Total receipts $699,023.03
Expenditures 652,517.58
Cash on hand $ 16,505.45
On the mill and mining account the princi-
pal items were $45,605 for surface labor,
S123.912 for underground labor, $9,312 for
foundry work, $21,522 for lumber, $4 055 for
powder and fuse, $5,220 for candles and oils,
83,116 for quicksilver and $6,000 for Superin-
tendent's salary.
They sold 153 tons of sulphuret3, and worked
64 tons, the latter costing $1,600 to work by
chlorination process. From the whole they
got $19,243. The Burleigh drill cost them
$11,567 of which the machinery cost $7,800,
freight and commission $1,108, and masonry
foundation $2,168, The new pumping works
cost $25,000, of which the foundry work cost
$16,764.
.Repairing the old shaft cost $9,186, of which
£7,217 was spent for labor; sinking the new
shaft cost $23,375, of which $16,886 was for
underground labor and $2,652 was for surface
labor. The State and county tax on the mine
for the year was $15,200.
The receipts from all sources, according to
the report of the Secretary, were from Decem-
ber, 1873 to December 1874, $658,725, which,
with a balance on hand December 1st, 1873,
shows assets for the year of $669,023. The
total expenses includ;ng dividends for the year,
were $652,517, leaving a balance in the.treasury
December 1st, 1874 of 16,505. In these expen-
ditures are included 12 dividends amounting in
all to $317,750 for the year.
In reviewing the operations of the mine for
the year, it will be seen that the yield of the
rock has not been so much nor the dividends
so large as last year. Still it has been very
good, and the dividends very handsome. The
pumping capacity of the mine has been in-
creased, and in carrying that out tho old shaft
has been straightened and retimbered, and this
work is still in progress. The engine is 20
inch diameter and 42 inch stroke. The surface
machinery is all set on solid masonry, and all
its parts are deemed sufficiently strong and ca-
pable of standing any work that may be re-
quired of it for many years. The Superinten-
dent says: The underground work has been
pushed ahead with due diligence, and having
in view the importance of keeping the mine well
opened, work has been constantly going on in
the drifts and in the main shaft. The shaft is
down 75 feet below the 800 level. The ledge is
somewhat broken up, thus rendering it neces-
sary to carry avery large shaft, as well as to make
it more expensive. The quartz seems to be im-
proving, and it is thought it will form a solid
ledge before reaching the 900 level. The 800
west level is in 116 feet from the shaft, but
little rock has been taken from the backs. This
is an average quality of rock. Also the 800
east is of average grade ore, and the drift is in
109 feet from the shaft. The 700 west drift is
in to within 35 feet of the Eureka mine, and a
"few months more will exhaust the backs. The
700 east drift is in 424 feet fiom the shaft, and
the backs are worked through to the 600 level
233 feet from the shaft. The 600 south drift is
in 803 feet from the shaft, or 322% feet from
the split. The ledge is exhausted in the drift,
and it is low grade ore in the backs. The norih
branch is in 421 feet from the split, and 901%
feet from the shaft. The ledge has been very
small, it is now opening out larger, but it is
low grade ore; however from indications it
ought to come in better. The rock in those
backs is good mill rock, aud it is worked
through to the 500 level 341 feet from the shaft.
The 500 backs is of an average quality; they
are not yft worked through to the 400 at any
point. The 400 is exhausted.
At the annual election held on the 21st of De-
cember, the following Trustees were elected for
tbe year: Edward Coleman, Jobu C. Coleman,
M. P. O'Connor, Thomas Findley and John
Polglase. The Board organized with the fol-
lowing officers: Edward Coleman, President
and Superintendent; Geo. W. Hill, Secretary;
Thomas Findley, Treasurer.
Shell Mound, Oakland.
Some two miles to the northwest of Oak-
land city hall, a few rods from the shore
of the bay, on the farm of Mr. Wiard,
stands an aboriginal mound. "Well-grown wil-
low trees effectually conceal it from view until
you arrhe quite near it. The accompanying
sketch was taken when the tops of many of the
trees on the south side were cut away. These
have now so luxuriantly grown as to embower
the tumulus, and shut out the view on the side
of approach. It is called the " Shell Mound,"
from the fact of its being composed ohiefly of
marine shells and some gravel. It rises a
shaTply defined pile from the surface of a
uniformly level plain of rich, alluvial aoil.
"Without exact measurement it is estimated to
be near thirty-five feet high. It is a circular,
conical pyramid, with a truncated or flat sum-
mit, which measures 150 feet in diameter, and
300 feet at the base. Bones, skulls, stone mor-
tars and charcoal, have been found in and
about it.
That it owes its existence to the barbarous
energy of human beings is self-evident. Abbo
Dotnenick, speaking of Indian mounds on the
Pacific coast, says they are often made from
the adjacent soil, and hence near them is ob-
served wells or pits from which the earth has
been taken to erect them. Such an explanation
does not apply to the Oakland mound, for
there are no pit holes in its vioinity, and if
there had been, which by the agency of the
elements and time became filled up, that allu-
vial soil could not furnish the shells of which
the mound is mainly composed.
Shell mounds are numerous on the Pacific
coast, and they abound in profusion in Den-
mark. Danish archaeologists call them "kjock-
enmoddiugs," or "kitchenmiddens;" and re-
gard them as the accumulated lvmains of the
repasts of by-gone inhabitants. Wo know not
how the people slept, but thf se crumbs tell us
what they ate and where. Such mounds have
grown into existence by accident and without
object. A like "kitchenmidden*' keeps subor-
dinate company with the subject of our sketch,
only a few rods east of it. This is a beautiful,
round topped knoll, some 12 feet high and 400
feet basic diameter. On this most reliable
ppof of always moist, mellow mould, Mr. W.'s
dwelling-house stands surrounded with choice
shrubbery.
They are digging away and otherwise pre-
paring to put in place at the Consolidated "Vir-
ginia hoisting works a new engine for forcing
air down to the mine.
January 2, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
Hydraulic Mining in California,
iv. >. a.
The Chimney.
The advisability of extending the tnnnel well
into the ba-iin before "tapping" the latter cau-
not be disputed. If a shaft or incline baa been
sunk to the depth of the channel or basin, the
terminus of the tunnel can be decided upon ac-
cording to the knowledge gained. Whenever
this point is reached, it will be necessary to
pierce tho bed-rock intervening between the
terminus and the gravel deposit in the channel.
by a "chimney"— either a vertical shaft or a
slope. This chimney mast be started in such
a direction as to strike the bottom of the shaft
or incline. Should water have collected in the
latter it must bo removed by pumping before a
connection is made. Want of care in this mat-
ter has caused much lamentable loss of life.
Chimney Without Shaft.
Should, however, no shaft or incline exist,
and should the condition of the gravel bed
overhead be unknown, the greatest care must
be taken in making the attempt to break
through.
As before remarked, great bodies of sand lie
in the sloping rim-rock, before the solid bot-
tom gravel is reached. This sand is in connec-
tion with loose gravel deposits overhead, and
becomes quick under the great pressure of
water which always exists in deep gravel de-
posits. (See Fig. G.) Whenever these saud
patch's nre entered without the greatest pre-
caution, immense rushes of water, stind, and
loose pravel will occnr, filling often the largest
tunnels in a few minutes. There are oases on
record where the labor of two or three years
was lost, the greatest portion of the tnnnel he-
ing necessarily abandoned, and n new direction,
to the right or left, pursued. When, therefore,
the attempt is made to rnn up a ehimnev from
the terminus of the tunnel into the unexplored
channel above, the work should be commenced
to the right or left of the terminus, and be con-
tinued on a convenient slope. The expe-
rienced miner will know, whenever the water
increases in the seams ot the rock, or when the
BeamB turn yellow, or the rock changes to a
softer stratum, that the basin or channel may
be only a short distance above. When these
signs occur, it is advisable to drill a hole far
enough to test the thickness of the rock inter-
vening between the chimney and tbe channel.
Should the drill pierce the rock, it is easy to
insert a thinner and longer iron rod to feel the
deposit above the bed-rock. If hard gravel is
struck all will be safe, and the chimney can be
continued without any apprehension; but if
water and sand are fuuud, and the iron rod en-
ters readily for 5 or 6 feet, it will be better to
abandon the chimney at once, and continue
the tunnel. The presence of sand and water,
or qnicksand, indicates that the deplh of the
channel is not reached, and that the most valu-
able gravel deposits lie deeper, and at the same
time forewarns the miner of a great danger, a
rush of quicksand and loose gravel.
The diagram given herewith, representing a
section of sloping rim-rock, and the different
deposits as they occurred in fact, will explain
itself.
The chimney, if hard gravel is reached,
should be continued, as before stated, on a
slope, as in this way tbe work can be more
safely done than in a vertical shaft. This con-
sideration may be of little importance, so long
as the ground is hard and strong, but in softer
strata, surcharged with water, a slope offers
the only chance to proceed with safety to a cer-
tain point. When this point is reached, and a
further progress barred, it is beet to secure the
terminus of the ehimnev in such a way that the
water can drain off, without giving the sand, or
loose gravel, a chance to ran. After this care-
ful survey must be made to ascertain the exact
spot where a shaft from the surface down will
strike the terminus of the chimney. This is an
easy matter when the tunnel is straight.
Shaft.
A shaft with square section, (say 4 by 4 feet,)
to permit timbering, must be commenced and
worked down in the usual way, as'far as circum-
stances will permit. If the drainage establish-
ed through the ehimnev is sufficient to free the
shaft from water, it will be comparatively easy
to go through sand and gravel and connect
shafc and chimney; but if' this drainage cannot
be established, or is not adequate, even with
additional hoisting of the water by windlass
and buckets, it is best to procure an artesian
borer, and to make thus a connection between
the bottom of the shaft and tbe chimney. (The
character of the ground excluding the existence
of large pebbles or bowlders, an artesian borer
can be used to good advantage.) After this the
shaft can be brought down, but must be secured
firmly against side pressure by good framing
and planking.
First Washing.
The connection once made between shaft and
chimney, sluice boxes may be laid through the
tunnel, and the first washing of "dirt" may
commence, This begins by removing the up-
per sections of timber out of the shaft, widen-
ing its mouth by pick, shovel, and water, and
tumbling and running the "dirt" and water
into it, always, however, taking care not to
choke the shaft or chimney. This process is
continued downward, in the shape of steps, or
terraces, as security against cavings or slides.
It must depend on the depth of the ^haft, as
well us on the greater or less safety of the
ground, whether a larger or smaller oponing of
the shaft is to bo made, since dangerous
ravings may occur in spite of all precautions.
In this way an opening must be made to per-
mit the use of water under pressure. It must
be left to the manager of the mine to shape the
chimney in such a wuy that au easy and unit)
terrupted discharge in tho sluice box«.s is se-
en red.
If the main tunnel is to be continued farther
it will be nec< Bsary to 1< are et ough space be-
tween the starting point of the chimney and
the face of the tunnel to admit blasting opera-
tions. At the same time precaution ought to]
To avoid these dangers working -in benches
IB resorted to, (see page 7), and the washing
away of the upper strata thus serves thret-
beneficial objects: firBt, in producing the pepn<
uiary means in bnpport of other works to be
carried on; second, iu lessening the depth of
the shaft to connect with bed-rock tunnel; and
third, in leaviug a "bench" which, under all
circumstances, will be necesbary in a deep
gravel mine.
Com lc lined froiuftn article* by Clmrlfo Wukl-yr,
In the last Annual Kpport of tho U. 8. Commissioner
of Mining HtatlBticu.
A New Volume.
With this number commences Volnrue XXX
of the Mining and Scientific Press. Tho pa-
mmzfc
SHELL MOUND, OAKLAND.
be taken to protect the blasters in the tnnnel
from any accident arising from the possible
blockade of the sluice boxes or tunnel, and the
only safe expedient will be to have not only a
strong barrier between the blasters and sluice
boxes, but also to have an independent way for
ingress and egress. This may be secured by
Per has bee:n published for so long a time that
it is well known, and its success is firmly es-
tablished. We have endeavored to furnish a
superior publication to our subscribers during
tbe past year, and it will be our endeavor to im-
prove each number daring the coming year. I
Fig. VI.
A, quicksand; B, red gravel, (firm); C, loose gravel; D, moraine; E, blue gravel; E, bed-rock
good time for old subscribers to renew
widening the chimney sufficiently to admit a
strong water-proof box with a ladder, by which
means the miner can reach the surface of the
ground, without interference from either the
washings or divings of the gravel from above,
or any blockade in the tunuel below.
It will be seen that the existence of a shaft
their subscriptions, and to induce their neigh-
bors to enroll their names also on our large
and increasing list. With compliments to outj
newspaper exchanges of the past, we woul
say that all editors receiving this number of
Fig. VII.
Gravel-bank, with three drifts; A B, bed-rock tunnel.
orincline, before tbe connection between the ter-
minus of the tunnel and the basin or channel,
is of great importance. If an incline exists,
great facilities are offered to employ hydro-
static power from the lower part of the incline,
as soon as a moderate opening is made to the
surface.
Upper Workings.
Many mines are situated so favorably that
the upper strata can be worked without any ex-
pensive bed-rock tunnel. In such cases it will
be advisable, if circumstances permit, to com-
mence the working of the upper strata at once,
particularly if the gravel deposit has a thick-
ness of two or three hundred feet. In this wise
a very useful and necessary work can be ac-
complished pending the construction of the
deeper bed-rock tunnel; and perhaps a part, if
not all, of the cost of the latter may be earned.
When the gravel bank rises to a greater
higbt than 125 or 150 feet, the work iu a hy-
draulic mine becomes very dangerous, as the
momentum of any mass of matter falling from
the high bank will carry it far into the mine,
endangering life and property.
the Peess may consider that we desire a con"
tinuance of their exchange.
The New Comer— 1875.
How awkward the bookkeeper, the corre-
spondent, and others who nourish the pen, feel
iu making the simple change of figures from
'74 to '75! But it must be done; for Time is
"relentless" in small things as well as in more
weighty matters. We accordingly make the
Imperative change, hoping that the "new
broom" — 1875 — will really sweep a clean
course for the Peess, and that our in-
tercourse with our subscribers and friends will
will be as pleasant when we remove it from the
heading of our paper, as it is at the present
time when we first place it there. We again
wish our friends a "Happy New Year."
In Trinity county everything is dried up, and
farmers and miners are waiting for rain.
The Old Comstock.
The fortunate owners of some of the mines
on this famous lode, who familiarly apply the
" pot name" which heads these remarks, to
the most wonderful lode in the world, have of
lato become more attaohed to it than ever.
Tho "Old Comstock," so much belied, so badly
mis-represented; the subject of thousands of
articles and hundreds of sermons intended to
induce people to abandon miniug; the Old
Comstock, which has held its grip through all,
is coming out grander than ever. Although
the figures— which are never supposed to lie
except in mining matters, when they are always
supposed to misrepresent — show that the
profits of the Comstock mines since the lode
was discovered have been enormous. Every
time the stock market fell we were told that the
mines there were worthless; still theowners of the
mines went on working and sinking regardless
of all rumors or reports. They had faith in
the Old Comstock, and their faith has been
well rep-iid. They sunk shafts and winzes,
run levels and drifts, made inclinos and tunnels,
built hoisting and pumping works, put up
mills and buildings, and continued to prospect
aud open up their mines in the face of all sorts
of difficulties. The results have been most
magnificent; their labor has been rewarded a
thousand-fold.
The mines which have "straok it" have
made fortunes for their owners and encouraged
other mines to further development, Tbe
smallest and most insignificant mine on the
lode may strike rich ore any day, and become
famous. Some of the mines have worked out
their ore bodies and are working on for others.
Some, agtin, have been unprofitable and have
been kept running by assessments. But still,
when we compare the assessments with the
dividends, as a whole, the dividends have a
magnificent balance in their favor.
Aside from all questions of individual profit,
there is one, question which is seldom thought
of, but which is of very great importance. If
the mines simply paid expenses itwould yet be
beneficial to the country to have them worked.
Thousands of persons are employed about
them in one way and another, and immense
amounts of money are distributed in the very
channels where it is most needed, that is
among the laboring ' classes. Why people
should grumble because Mr. Jones, or Sharon
or Hayward, or Kalston, or Flood & O'Brien,
or a dozen others have accumulated large for-
tunes from these mines, we do not see. If these
gentlemen have invested their money and re-
ceived large profits, they are perfectly entitled
to it. They are envied and abused by Bcores
of people who wouldn't have the pluck to in-
vest where there was not a sure thing, bui who
would like very much to come in for the profits
without risk of loss.
They are not by any means the only ones
who are prosperous on account of the profits
of the mines. The farmers, millmen, team-
sters, railroad men, foundrymen and mechan-
ics of all kinds who are kept busy by the work
on the Comstock, may be numbered by the
thousands; of the fifteen or twenty foundries
in this city which are now so busy, one-quarter
would suffice if it were not for mining work.
Artizans of all kinds are furnished with em-
ployment at good wages on* account of these
mines. A number of handsome and expensive
buildings are going up in this city at present,
which are being built with money made from
the Comstock. These employ hundreds of
men of different trades at fair wages and steady
work. In fact the benefits are wide spread
and general, causing prosperity in all branches
of business and a hopeful feeling of its con-
tinuance .
Still, after all it has done and is doing, the
Old Comstock promises us even more to come.
It promises to increase its production and i's
dividends; to employ moie men and to want
more and heavier machinery; to turn the at-
tention of the whole world toward the Pacific
coast; to help build up the Queen of the Pa-
cific more than it has ever done; to furnish
capitalists with as much money as they want
to invest in other directions; to give other coun-
tries a vast amount of experience in deep
mining; to show other countries milling and
mining machinery of dimensions and perfec-
tion never dreamed of; to call forth the inven-
tive faculties of genius to aid in overcoming
the difficulties attending mining on such a
large scale and at such depths; to Bolve prob-
lems of ventilation by practice; to increase the
resources of the coast; and to assist in bring-
ing times of general prosperity to Nevada,
California and the whole United States.
It Pays rx Mobe Ways than One. — It pays
in more ways than one to take a good newspa-
per. If you read it, it is a benefit which lasts
beyond death. If your family read it, they
will be better companions for you and the
world besides. It is a good representative of
your community when sent abroad, and you
can afford to support it for the value of its in-
fluence in the public weal.
10
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 2, 1875.
Novices and Adobe Soil. .
Eastern people before coming to California
manifest a goo'd deal of curiosity concerning
our adobe soil; and one of the prominent points
of their initiation into farm life here is becom-
ing acquainted with this stubborn reality. "We
have on several occasions had enquiries from
such parlies for information on this subject.
One of these, who confesses himself a novice
in this respect, asks some general questions,
which in answering we hope to benefit a class
of careful, energetic, persistent men, who are
well calculated to subdue this stubborn portion
of our soil, and make the spots where it abounds
places of enduring wealth.
The character of adobe soil varies materially
in different localities; it is not safe, therefore,
to accept any general system for treating this
kind of soil. Particular care is needed in tak-
ing the soil when in proper condition to work.
To work it when perfectly dry is simply impos-
sible; and if it is plowed when too wet, and
sticky, it becomes lumpy, hard, and altogether
nnmanagable. Our correspondent is probably
acquainted with the characteristics of the heavy
clay soil that forms much— and some of the
best — of the farm land of the Atlantic States.
He will find the adobe soil of California of the
same character "only more so." Both require
the same "catching" habit in working; deriv-
ing equal benefit from thorough cultivation,
and being alike in their lasting qualities. In
the East this kind of soil is brought up to a
high state of cultivation by underground drain-
ing, subsoiling and fall plowing, leaving it ex-
posed to the action of the frost during winter.
This soil possesses in itself remarkable endur-
ance in fertility, and will give a better return
than any other for manures applied. It is not
expected that the cultivators of adobe soil in
California will, as yet, resort to underground
draining and subsoiling; and they will not have
the aid of severe frosts and repeated thawings;
still, if they use the means within their reach
they can subdue this soil, and bring it up to a
perfect state of cultivation.
Our Mend asks, "what grain and what fruit
will grow on it?" "We answer that when prop-
erly treated it will grow any kind of grain or
fruit, but unless the condition of the soil is
favorable when worked, the labor bestowed
upon it will be extremely hard and unremuner-
ative. Probably in the locality from which
our correspondent writes— San Luis Obispo —
the present condition of the soil would favor
plowing. If he could put in a crop of wheat
while the ground is in suitable condition, then
earlj in autumn plow in the stubble, this would
lighten up the soil beside furnishing a good
supply of manure. If the wheat could be put
in and get a good start, so as to cover the
ground before the drying northers appear, a
good crop might, reasonably be expected; but
if after seeding and before the starting of the
grain, the heavy rains ensue, followed by dry
north winds, then the prospect is discouraging.
In regard to fruit, as in other products which we
have mentioned, in connection with adobe soil,
we, of course, cannot consider the various pur-
roundings; these must be taken into account
by the residents of the localities; but speaking
of the character of the soil, merely, we say
that it is especially adapted to apples and
pears; and that under favorable circumstances,
the small fruits, even strawberries, would do
well on it.
In answer to the enquiry of our Correspond-
ent in regard to a work giving directions for
planting and working nurseries, we would in-
form him that this coast is, as far as we can
ascertain, destitute of reliable authority on
this subject. Works that meet the wants of
Eastern nurserymen in every respect, are not
adapted to California. Our most successful
nurserymen are those who have from the start-
ing point adapted themselves to the peculiar
wants of the country and have obtained thiir
knowledge by experience. They have had
much to learn, but they have learned it
thoroughly, consequently judicious' selections
have been made in all departments; and the
treatment of what they grow is, from the first,
auch as the soil and chtna'e of the country re-
quire. No portion of the United States is bet-
ter supplied at this important point, or has a
better horticultural basis to build upon.
Paeadise Valley. — The Silver Slate says:
There is not a mountain range in Humboldt
couniy that has been at all prospected in which
mineral bearing quartz has not been found.
The mountains at the head of Paradise valley
were supposed to be an exception to the rule,
but recent developments in that locality prove
th» contrary. Last week Dau Mufiiey wnnt in
the range about four miles easterly from Camp
Scott to cut cottonwood poles for John Byrnes.
"While at work on tbe hillside he noticed large
quartz bowlders in every direction, which It d
him to believe that there was a quartz ledge in
the vicinity. "With ax in hand he proceeded
a short distance up the hill where he discovered
a large ledge cropping out above the ground,
and breaking off a piece with his ax was aston-
ished to find that it was ore. Taking a? much
as he could conveniently carry he repaired to
Byrnes', and informed him of what he had
found. The result was a location of the ledge,
and an assay of an average of the cropping^,
which Wiis nude yesterday by J. A. Algauer,
assayer of the Humboldt reduction works.
The certiifieates show that it contains $55 45
per ton in silver, and Byrnes, who i-s a. member
of the Grand Jury is in a hurry to get home
and ascertain more about the discovery.
Landscape Gardening.
Landscape gardening is an art which is but
little understood in the Pacific States, generally
speaking. "We shall therefore try to make it
not only interesting to the general reader, but
profitable to those who may have such work
in contemplation. Landscape paintings are
always admired by people with any pretentions
to refinement, and to paint a good and faithful
likeness of a landscape the artist must possess
the special gift of imitative ability. But to
make a park or garden or lay out the 'ground
■of a private residence, no matter what the
dimensions are, the landscape gardener must
have good creative ability, being able to create
something which will harmonize with the
place and its surrounding.
Men or women who are fond of natural
.scenery often become bewildered from the ex-
travagant beauties which the landscape may
afford, and not unfrequently will they select one
particular point which to their mind
surpasses all others. To possess such a piece of
landscaping in some special part of their
grounds, would be a satisfaction indeed; but,
great as would be the delight if this was accom-
plished, it often follows, through the criticism
of others, more eminent in the profession, that
sorrow takes the place of delight, and it often
occurs in this way :
A sketch is perhaps made of that which we
wish to possess, and although not marked by
any special gift of imitative genius, yet it may
be able to call to mind all the special features
of interest that are of account, or necessary
to be remembered. After all the necessary
preparations are completed, work is com-
menced; trees, shrubs, and plants are bought,
rocks, soil and water are, perbaps, introduced,
all to represent, as nearly as' possible, the orig-
inal picture. "Work goes on and the required
end may be attained to the entire satisfaction
of the parties concerned; satisfied beyond a
doubt, that they have accomplished much which
is not only new and expensive, but forms one
of the most unique pleasure grounds in the
country; but alas for poor human nature, it de-
pended too much on itsown ability, not having
had any previous knowledge of landscaping, I
find that I have made a very great mistake.
The introduction of such a piece of work on
these grounds was entirely out of place. Finding
now that it will be impossible to make such a
work harmonize more improvements suggest
Keep your trees in moist sand until the ground
is ready to receive them. Tbe sooner a tree is
"set out" after it has been taken from the nur-
sery, the better. In ordering trees, instruct
the nurseryman to trim ready for planting, and
you will save freight as well as the vitality of
the tree. These rules are good for all trees;
but especially for thejalmond and peach.
Crude Way to Test Sulphurets.
Since it has been found that sulphurets will
pay to save in milling process, and that the
county abounds in this material, we give below
a hint to prospectors in testing rock, which
never fails. Several veins which have hereto-
fore been considered of little value, on account
of the large amount of sulphurets contained
therein, and the ignorance of the holders of
tbe way to .test them, have been found to be
immensely rich in gold. A new era is opened
in mines here, and it will yet be found that
these sulphuret veins are the ones for durability
and wealth. This crude mode will not hold
good in all cases, fin all kinds of sulphuret
rock,) but will bring out more or less of the
precious metal, if there is any in it: Put a
piece of rock into the fire, say about the size of
your fist, and heat it to a cherry-red, through-
out, but do not get it to a white heat, as it will
fuse and run; take it out of the fire and give it
a gentle shower bath, so as to cool it off slowly,
as too sudden a cooling will slack up the rock.
"When cool, examine the rock, and if it is rich
it will generally show the gold. But for a surer
test, pulverize it and "horn it out" in the
usual way. This, perhaps, is not so sure a
way as a test with acids, but acids are not
always at hand in the woods with tbe prospect-
or. After burning, as above, if it does not
show gold, it will not be apt to do so with acids,
as it scarcely, if ever fails to bring the color;
that is, where the sulphuiet is composed mostly
of iron and sulphur, or arsenic, this test is
good and will not fail. But where the sulphu-
ret is copper (and iron) the test is not so good,
because the copper fuses and carries everything
that comes in contact with it, so if there is any
gold with it, it will be covered or fused with
copper. — Tuolumne Independent.
Groom Disteict. — We understand that J.,B.
Osborn, who is largely interested in the mines
of Groom district, will shortly commence the
erection of reduction works at that place.
Groom has been considered for years past one
of the most promising undeveloped districts in
southeastern Nevada. It is situated about 200
miles south of Eureka, in Lincoln county.
The ores are mainly of the character treated
by the smelting process. The starting of oper-
ations in Groom district is one of the fruits of
the narrow-gauge railroad to Eureka. The ores
of that section could not be made available at a
profit so long as it was necessary to freight the
bullion a distance of nearly 300 miles to the
Central pacific. The same is in a great meas-
ure true of Tybo district. Stages will do for
localities which produce pure silver, but a rail-
road is requisite to carry off the bullion of im-
portant base metal camps.— Eureka Sentinel
Levee Law Amendments in Political
Code.
As the following amendments, lately made to
the new code, are not generally known, we
give them as important ii
the readers of the Pbess:
) many of
nroivrDUAi,s liable to distbiots for all damages sus-
tained BY BEiBON OP IKJUBIHG OB CUTTING OF LEVEES.
[Amendment to Political Code.]
Seo. 3490.— Any person who shall cut, injure or dstroy
any levees or other worts of reclamation in any dis-
trict, iB responsible for all damages which may be oc-
casioned thereby to such levee works; and an action
therefor must be brought in the District Court of the
county, or either of the countieB in which such levee
worts are Bituated, in the names of the trustees of the
district. If there be no tru&teee then the action may
be brought in the name of any landowner in the dis-
trict. The amount recovered in such action must be
paid to the treasurer of the county who must place the
same to the credit of the district.
OCCUPANTS OFLANDS ON BANKS OP STBEAMS LIABLE FOB
damages. [Political Code.]
Sec. 3,486. — Any person owning or occupying lands
upon the banks of any stream where the lands lying
back of such stream are lower than the bank thereof,
is responsible for all damages which may be sustained
by the owners or occupants of lower lands by reason of
any cut or embrasure rniide on the bank of Buch stream
by the owner or occupant of the bank,
COUNTY AND INDIVIDUAL BE8PON8IBLE FOR INJUBY TO OB
destruction of levees by MOBS ok riots. [See Po-
litical Code and Amendment '73 and '74. ]
Sec. 4,000. — Every county is a body politic and cor-
porate, and as such haB the powers specified in this
code, or in special statutes, and such powers are neces-
sarily implied from those expressed.
Sec. 4,452. — Every municipal corporation is respon-
sible for injuries to real or personal property situate
within its corporate limits done or caused by mobs or
riots.
Sec. 3,453. — Actions for damages under the preceding
section must he tried in the county in which the prop-
erty injured is situated.
Sec. 4,454. — All actions herein provided for must be
commenced within one year after the act complained of
is committed.
BOARD OF SUPERVISOnS AUTHORIZED TO PAY FOR DAMAGE
CAUSED BY MOBS OB RIOTS.
Seo. 4,455. - On the certificate of the presiding officer
or of the clerk of the court in which the judgment is
rendered, the board of supervisors of the county or the
legislative authority of the city must by ordinance di-
rect and cause to be issued a warrant for the payment
thereof on the general fund, and the same must be paid
in its regular order, as other warrants of the municipal
corporation are paid; and must, at the proper timea.Ievy
and cause to be collected a tax on the taxable property of
such municipal corporation for the payment of such
warrant within a period of not more than three years.
Seo. 4,456 — The plaintiff in any action authorized by
this title must not recover if it appears upon the trial
that the damage complained of was occasioned or in
any manner aided, sanctioned, or permitted by his
carelessness or negligence.
[Title rv, Chapter i., sections 4,452, 4,453, 4,454, 4,555,
are made applicable to levees, by amendments to Political
Code.]
Sec. 4,457 — The provisions of this title and chapter
(Title iv. Chapter i.) are applicable to cases where
losses and other works of reclamation of any District
are injured or destroyed by mob or riot; and the action
brougnt for damages therefor must be prosecuted by
the Attorney- General of the State in the name of the
people of the State of California; and the amountrecov-
ered in such action must be paid to the Treasurer of
the county, who must place the same to the credit of
the District. All provisions of law inconsistent with
the provisions of this section are repealed.
TO INJURE OR DESTROY LEVEES OR OTHER WORKS OF RE-
CLAMATION, A FELONY, UNDER " AN ACT FOR THE PRO-
TECTION OF CERTAIN LANDS FROM OVERFLOW," APPRO-
VED MARCH 25TH, 1868.
Sec. 18. — Any person or persons who shall wilfully or
maliciously, cut, injure or destroy, any levee or other
work of protection built under the provision of this
Act, or that may be in charge of said Board of Super-
visors, shall be deemed guilty of felony, and upon con-
viction thereof before any court of competent jurisdic-
diction shall be fined in any 6um not leBs than fifty
dollars nor more than one thousand, or be confined in
the State prison not leBS than one nor moro than five
years, or may be both fined and imprisoned, at the dis-
cretion of the court.
ACCES50RrJES HELD AS PRINCIPLES.
Sec. 971 [Penal Code Amendment '73, '74]— The dis-
tinction between an accessory before the fact and a
principal, and between principals in the first and
second degree, in caseB of felony is abrogated, and all
persons concerned in the commission of a felony,
whether they directly commit the act constituting the
offense, or aid and abet in its commission, though not
present, Bhall hereafter be indicted, tried and punished
as principals, and no additional facts need be alleged
in any indictment against such an accessory than are
required in an indictment against his principal,
Seo. 972 — An accessory to the commission of a felony
may be indicted, tried and punished, though the princi-
pal may be neither indicted nor tried, and though the
principal may be acquitted.
CONSPIRACY AND RIOTS, ETC., DEFINED.
Sec. 182 [Penal Code]— If two or more persons con-
spire—
1st. To commit any crime; or
2d. Falsely to move or maintain any suit, action, or
proceeding, etc. They are punishable by imprisonment
in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by fine not
exceeding $1,000.
Seo. 405 — Any person who participates in any riot, is
is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail,
etc.
Sec. 407 — "Whenever two or more persons assemble
together to do an unlawful act, and separate without
doing or advancing toward it — such assembly is an un-
lawful assembly.
Sec. 408— Every person participating is guilty of a
misdemeanor. .
Sec. 409- Every person remaining present at the
place of any riot, mob, or unluwful assembly, after
warning, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Belief Distkict. — It affords lis pleasure to
announce that work is to be resumed immedi-
ately on the Centra] Pacific mine, in Belief
district. The Central produced considerable
bullion at one time, and was almost on a pay-
ing basis when, owing to complications arising
out of informalities in the articles of incorpo-
ration, work was suspended. M. H. Baily,
one of the principal owners, has let a contract
to Stein, Tirrel & Co., to run a tunnel, now in
150 feet, 100 feet further on to the ledge. There
is a mill attached to the mine, which of course
will be started as soon as ore can be procured
to run it. The ledge has been developed to a
depth of 150 feet by a shaft, and at one time it
produced ore that worked from $800 to $1,200
per ton in silver, — Silver State.
Scientific and Practical Books
on Mining, Metallurgy, Etc.
Published or issued, wholesale and Retail, by DEWEY
CO., Mining and Scientific Press Office, S. F .
BY GUIDO KUSTEL,
Mining Engineeu and Metallurgist.
Roasting of Gold and Silver Ores, and the
Extraction of their Respective Metals without Quick
silver. 1870.
This rare book on the treatment of gold and silver
ores without quicksilver, is liberally illustrated and
crammed full of facts. It giveB short and. concise de-
scriptions of various processes and apparatus employed
in this country and In Europe, and explains the why
and wherefore.
It contains 142 pages, embracing illustrations of fur-
naces, implements and working apparatus. ■
It is a work of great merit, by an author whose repu
tation is unsurpassed in his speciality.
Price $2.60 coin, or $3 currency, postage free
Concentration of Ores (of all kinds), in-
cluding the Chlorination Process for Gold-bearing
Sulphurets, Arseniurets, and Gold and Silver Ores
generally, with 120 Lithographic Diagrams. 1867.
This work is unequaled by any other published, em-
bracing the subjects treated. Its authority is highly
esteemed and regarded by its readers; containing, as" it
does, much essential information to the Miner, Mill
man, Metallurgist, and other professional workers in
ores and minerals, which cannot be found elsewhere
in print. It also abounds throughout with facts and
instructions rendered valuable by being clearly ren-
dered together and in simple order. It contains 120
diagrams, illustrating machinery, etc., which alone art*
of the greatest value. PRICE REDUCED TO $6.'
Nevada and California Processes of Silver
and Gold Extraction, for general use, and especially
or the Mining Public of California and Nevada,, with
full explanations and directions for all metallurgical
operations connected with silver and gold from a
preliminary examination'of the ore to the final cast-
ing of the ingot. Also, a description of the general
metallurgy of silver ores. 1864.
As its title indicates, this work gives a wide range of
information, applicable to all vein miners and workers
in precious metals, affording hints and assistance of
exceeding value to both the moderately informed and
the most expert operator.
Price, $5 in cloth; $6 in leather — coin.
BY OTHER AUTHORS.
The Quartz Operator's Hand-Book; by P.
M.Randall. 1871. Revised and Enlarged Edition.
Cloth bound, 175 pages. Price, $2.
Sulphurets: What They Are, How Con-
centrated, How Assayed, and How worked; with a
Chapter on the Blow-Pipe Assay of Minerals. By
Wm. M. Barstow.M.D.; 1H67; cloth bound, 114 pages.
Printed and sold by Dewey & Co. Price, $1; postage
free. The best written work, and most complete
work on the subject treated.
ANY OTHER BOOKS DESIRED will be furnished at
the most reasonable rates by Dewey & Co., Mining and
Scientific Press Ofiice, S-. P.
Ayer's Hair Vigor
—FOR—
RESTORING OR.A.Y HAIR
TO ITS NATURAL VITALITY AND COLOR.
Advancing years, sick-
ness, care, disappoint-
ment, and hereditary
predisposition, all turn
the hair gray, and either
of them incline it to shed
prematurely.
Ayee's Haib Vigob, by
long and extensive use,
has proven that it Btops
the falling of the hair
immediately, often re-
news the growth, and always surely restores its color,
when faded or gray. It stimulates the nutritive organs
to healthy activity, and preserves both the hair and its
beauty. Thus brashy, weak or sickly hair becomes
glossy, pliable and strengthened; lost hairregrows with
lively expression ; falling hair is checked and Btablished ;
thin hair thickenB; and faded or gray hair resume their
original color. Its operation is sure and harmless. It
cures dandruff, heals all humors, and -keeps the scalp
cool, clean and soft— under which conditions, diseases
of the scalp are impossible.
As a dressing for ladies' hair, the Vigob is praised for
its grateful and agreeable perfume, and valued for the
soft luster and richness of tone it imparts.
pbepabed by
DR. J. C. ATTER & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
■^ Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BEIGHAffi, Wholesale Agents,
jy!8-8a SAN FBANOTSCO,
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of Dew machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizea :
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; "Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
de20 611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco .
Buy Real Estate wnile at Low Rates.
NINE WATER-FRONT LOTS, CHEAP,
On Gift Map 4,
Forming about half of a block fronting on the broad
ship channel of Islais Creek; will be sold so low as to
make it an inducement to the buyer. In quire for the
owner at this office. bptf
Don't Stop the Pbess. — A subscriber in Tulare
county, in sending us the renewal of his subscription,
adds the following: "Don't stop the Pbebs; I'd just as
soon you would stop a portion of my bread. It is a
welcome friend to our fireside. Wife is just as deeply
interested as I am, and would sooner sacrifice her tea
than forego the pleasure of reading the Pbess. The
young Grangers in our family, with sparkling eyes and
swift coming feet, gather around to look at the- ever
new and unfolding wonders to be found in the Pbkss.
I repeat it, dontstop the Pbess," D. W.
Visalia, Nov. 3d, 1S74.
January 2, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
11
feaplriflg apd insurance.
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
No. 41 Second street,
Sacramento
ACCUMULATED FUND. NEARLY
&1, £250,000.00,
$100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with the Cali-
fornia Htate Department m Security for
Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND STANFORD President
J. H. UAKKOLL Vice-President
JOS, OUACKBON Secretary
All Policies issued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, am exempt from execution by the laws of Cal-
forula. THE ONLY STATE IN THE UNION that pro-
vide for this exeinption.
WPolicits iBHu..d by this Company are nonforfeita-
ble, and all pmfltB are divided among the insured.
Policies may be made payable in Gold or Currency,
as the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive Committee :
Lklamd Staktokd, J. H. CAsnoix,
Rout. Hamilton, Samusl Lavenbok,
J as. Casolan.
SCHREIBER & HOWELL,
II-2i)-eow-bp-3m . General Agents, Sacramento.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Seligrman & Co.
London Office .No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid in, $1,600,000.
Remainder subject to call.
DIBECTOB8 in LONDON— Hon. Hugh McOulloch, Reuben
D. SaKsoon, William F. Scho (field, Isaac Seligman, Julius
Sington.
ilANAGEBS:
F. F. LOW and IOMTZ STEBfHABT,
San Fbancisco.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OP SAN FBAHCI8CO.
Capital, One Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOOO President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
B. N. VANBBDNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street, San Francisco.
Kototze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, npo?
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
■Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tf G. MAHE, Director.
kim directory.
UILKS B. QBAT.
JAMES H. HiTEB.
CtRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT L.A \V
In Bnlldlng of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
Yorniaand Leidesdorff streets,
SAN FRANCISCO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. corner Sacramento.
[Vm t instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
Sold by al [ Pcalora throughout the World.
WH. BABTL1DO.
HENRY KIMBALL.
BARTLING & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Kuleis and Blank Book Manufacturers.
SOS Olar street, (southwest cor. Sansome),
15vl2-3m SAH FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dowey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Halght. 6v28-3m
fHachipery.
BALL'H
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has been very lately well proven by per-
forming a Job of dredglnir at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
There la but this one machine that lias ercr hail tlu-Be
Improvement* employed. It Is an old machine, for-
merly built for another dovlco, and 1b unfavorably cou-
Mtfurtrd fur Ball's Improvements; yet this tli^t tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a bcow of eighty-
five cubic yards In sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard muterial and fast
work, it has a reputation (supported by leading engi-
neers) an haying no equal.
Tt-Kt iiium ialti ami references will be given on appli-
cation to the Inventor, who Is the solo owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a basit of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
Is warranting the capacity of the machine by actual
work:
I will enter into an agreement with any responsible
purty to build and sell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
$2u,000, warranting the machine to dredge six cubic
yards per minute (to fill a bcow at that rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the cost of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask notfiinff for my patents unless my machine
dredges more than six cubic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in case (at a fair trial to
be mado within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than Bix cubic yards per
minute, then $10,01)0 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every such additional cubic yard
tbus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the Bame ratio the
$10,000 is to be added to said price above Btated.
I will sell any otherTorritorial or State rightB (either
Unlied States or Foreign) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with scows and all com-
plete, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above slated, but will
odd only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubic yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
Payments to be made in 0. S. gold coin on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
Address,
9v28-tf
JOHN A. BALL,,
Oakland.
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entire
by machinery. Material the best in use; constmctio
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
O. & 1-1. EABNETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond Btreet,
Philadelphia, Fa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
InventorB, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find the work valuable far beyond
its cost. Published by Dewey & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press.
Price, post paid, $1.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes — from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the loweBt prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
Trade? apd (flapyfactte.
PACIFIC
Electro-Depositing Works,
Nickel Plating,
Silver Plating,
Gold Plating,
Copper. Plating,
OJ THE HIGHEST STYLE OF THE AST.
MINING PLATES
EXTRA QUALITY AT LOW PRICES.
Old Plated Ware Re-Plated
GOOD AS NEW.
Works, 134, ©utter Street, ©. V*.
13v29-tf
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe. Cast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F.
mS-mi
ARE YOU GOING
TO PAINT ?
THEN USE THE BEST.
THE AVERILL CHEMICAL PAINT
WILLLAST THREE TIMES AS LONO as the best lead
and oil, without CHALKING; is of any desired color.
It is prepared for Immediate application, requiring no
Oil, Thinner or Drier, and does not spoil by standing
any length of time. It is equally as good for inside as
outside work; over old work as well as new; in fact,
where any paint can be UBed the AVEltILL CHEMICAL
PAINT will be found superior to any other. Any one
can apply it who can use a brush, which truly makes it
the FAKMER'3 FRIEND.
IT IS JUST THE PAINT FOR THE AGE.
IT IS SOLD BY THE GALLON ONLY.
One gallon covers 20 square yards 2 coats.
For further information Bend for sample card and
price list.
MANUFACTURED BY
The California Chemical Paint Company.
TYLER BEACH, Pres't. M. C. JEWELL, Sec'y.
Office— Corner Fourth and TownBend streets, San
FranciBco . 16 v7-eow-bp-3m
Froiseth's New Sectional, Topographical
and Mineral
MAP OF UTAH.
SIZE, 40 by 56 Inches ; Scale, 8 Milks to AN INCH.
Handsomely engraved on stone, colored in counties
and mounted on cloth, showing the Counties, Towns,
Rivers, Lakes, Railroads, MineB and Mining Districts
throughout the Territory, and all Government Surveys
made to date. Price, mounted, $8; Pocket form, $5,
— ALSO—
New Mining- Map of Utah,
Showing the boundaries of the principal mining dis-
tricts, some 30 in number, adjacent to Salt Lake City.
Price, pocket form, $2.50.
—also —
Froiseth's New Map of Little Cottonwood
Mining District and "Vicinity
Showing the - location of some 400 mines and tunnel
sites, together with the mines surveyed for D. S. Pat-
ent. Price $3. For sale and mailed to any part of the
globe, on receipt of price, by A. L. BANCROFT k CO.,
A. ROMAN k CO., and LeCOUNT BROS. & MANSUR,
San Francisco. 10v25-tf
Brittan, Holbrook & Co., Importers of
Stovesand Metals. Tinners* Good3, TooIb and Machines;
111 and 11 California St., 17 and 19 Davis St., San Fran-
cisco, and ITS J St., Sacrarcento, mr.-ly
(detalllirgy apd Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
rMPOKTERB OF AND DEALERS IK
ASSAYERS" MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
812 and 514 Washington Btreet. SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assayera
Chemi6t8, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
froepectore, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND —
Chomical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing ttiese supplies sine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Ceast.
t&~ Our Gold and 811ver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR ft CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will bo spared
to have them constructed in the most perfeot manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increaeing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply Bteam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottomB, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows;
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence itisthrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to the center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing aregular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciao*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all, its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. N. RIOTTE,
C. A. LTJCKHARDT,
Mining' Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MEBCHANTiS,
AllVAHES MADE
On t.11 kind, of Ore., and particular attention
PAID TO
OONSieNMSNTS OF CUIUI,
lTlfl-Sm
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, g. F.)
Assayer and Btetallnrgfiea]
CHEMIST,
No. 011 Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U. S. Branch Mint ,
San Fbanoisoo Oil. 7v21-3m
PLATINUM
Vessels, Apparatus, Sheet, Wire, Etc, Etc,
For all Laboratory and Manufacturing Purposes
H. M RAYNOR,
35 Bond street, New York.
Platinum Scrap and Native Platinum purchased.
California Assay Office — J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and Assayera, Rooms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Analysis of
Ores. Mineral Waters, Etc. 8v28-3m
Self-Fastening
Bed-Spring.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
ble Bed Spring in use. It is adapted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the 6ole right in this State to
make the celebrated Obermann Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make his own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Minors' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & SILSBY,
14v28-eow-bx>3m 147 New Montgomery St., S. F
12
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 2, 1875.
Trouble at the Cornell Watch Factory.
The workmen at the Cornell watch factory
in this city, who have been engaged for several
weeks in putting np the machinery, which
is now about ready for starting, became aware,
a day or two since, that it was the intention of
the proprietors to introduce Chinese labor into
that establishment. These workmen, who
have devoted several years to acquiring their
trade, and who have been brought here from
Chicago, on account of their especial skill in
the art of watch making, fear that if they in-
struct the Chinese in the practice of their art,
that these people will soon supplant them in
the business, by virtue of their known capacity
for soon becoming skillful in everything re-
quiring light and delicate manipulation.
Moved by these considerations several meet-
ings have been held to consider the subject and
confer with Mr. Cornell, the principal proprie-
tor, the result of which, so far, as it has
transpired up to the time of our going to press
leaves the matter in rather a ticklish condition
for both the workmen and the company.
Out of some 70 hands it appears that only
three of the foremen and eight of the men,
manifest any disposition to remain. All the
others proclaim it as their intention to return
East, and seek employment in other factories,
if Mr. Cornell continues to insist on his original
intention.
This unexpected obstacle in the way of es-
tablishing a "new and important industry on
this coast is greatly to be regretted, and we
earnestly hope that some compromise will be
devised undwr which these n^wly arrived arti-
zans.cao feel it to their interest to remain with
us. We are not advised as to Lhe particular
class of labor to which it fs propos d to assign
the Chinese, bnt cm hardly suppose it is the
intention of Mr Cornell to instruct them in
anything beyond some light, simple processes,
which perhaps might be advantageously turned
over to some of our own girls or boys.
The Japanese Persimmon. — This tree is be
ginning to attract the attention of our fruit-
growers. Those who have seen the fruit in
Japan pronounce it very fine, unlike anything
gro^n in this country. General Capron, for-
mer Commissioner of Agriculture, and since
for several years residing in Japan, states:
"That the persimmon is the best of all the na-
tive fruits of that country, and well worthy of
introduction in California." The tree is de-
scribed as finely shaped, having a rich, dark
green foliage, and is an ornament anywhere.
It produces fruit in Japan in from six to eight
years from the seed. It would not be surpris-
ing if it came into bearing earlier with us. The
experiments of Messrs. Shinn & Co., nursery-
men, at Niles, Alameda county, show conclu-
sively that our soil and climate is well Buited
to this foreigner. They have several thousand
successfully grown, large enough for orchard
planting. We gladly notice any effort on the
part of our culturists to introduce valuable
fruit and other trees. The successful intro-
duction of one choice variety will repay for
many failures.
The Pacific Coast Pulpit, for Dec, cor.
tains the sermon of Rev, W. H. Piatt — "The
Immortality of the Soul." Each volume will
contain some of the most notable sermons of
the year. Price $2. Chas. _ P. Wbitton,
short-hand reporter is the managing publisher,
Montgomery block, S. F.
Skagit Valley, W. T., is looming up. The
latest mineral development in that region is an
extensive coal field a few miles up the river,
where coal can be obtained to an unlimited
extent on the surface without going to the
usual expense of underground tunnelling.
New machinery for sinking the shaft of the
Pbil Sheridan mine deeper has been ordered.
The Utah mine on the north and the Sierra
Nevada on the south, both being worked
deeper, keep the Phil Sheridan pretty well
drained, of water.
The drift run west from the shaft of the
Hale & Norcross on the 2100-foot level did not
disclose any solid body of ore, although the
vein formation which it penetrated was of the
most favorable character.
The new Quicksilver Mining companv or-
ganized to work the ground of the old Welch
company near Clayton, are now putting up fur-
naces calculated to smelt twelve tons of cinna-
bar rock a day.
Woek is progressing favorably at the Gwin
mine, Calaveras county. The last sinking of
one hundred feet in the main shaft is nearly
completed. When done, the depth of 1,000 ft.
will have been reached.
Large quantities of coal are being baulfd
from the lone mines, to be used in tho quartz
mills at Sutter Creek and other localities.
Between 150 and 200 men are employed
near the mouth of Sonoma creek in the work
of reclaiming overflowed lands.
General News Items.
Shooting. — The emotional mania for shoot-
ine seems to be on the increase. Some woman
i3 generally at the bottom of such trouble and
not unfrequently does the shooting herself, i
The latest instance of such a case occurred in j
this city last week. A woman named Annie
Smytbe, shot Mr. M. G. Cobb, a lawyer of this
city as he was passing along Washington* street
near Montgomery. The wound was at first
thought to be fatal, but Mr. Cobb is now in a
fair way for recovery. The woman has been
arrested. The only cause assigned was a suppo-
sition on her part that he was mismanaging a
land case in which she was interested, for
which there was no reason whatever. It is
charitably thought by many that the woman,
who is a widow, was insane.
Fatal Political Quabbel. — Mr. Byerly, ed-
itor of the New Orleans Bulletin, having east
some severe reflections upon ex-Governor War-
moth, a challenge had passed, or was about to
pass, when, the two accidentally meeting in the
street, Byerley knocked Warmoth down and
jumped upon him. During the fight Warmouth
drew a knife and stabbed his antagonist several
times in the abdomen, from the effects of which
he died the next day. Warmoth has been ar-
rested. Byerley was a Northern man and a
political opponent of Warmouth.
Hawaiian Annexation. — Washington news-
paper correspondents state that the General
Government is striving to induce the King of
the Hawaiian islands to use his influence for
annexation. Undoubtedly annexation would
be of great advantage to the Sandwich islands,
and incidentally to California. The islands
would also be of advantage as a way station to
the nation at large.
Two Boys Charged with Pabbicide. — Two
sons of Jacob Nerswinder who lived 15 miles
north of Columbus, Ohio, have been arretted
charged with having murdered their father
and then burned his body. The boys are
fourteen and eighteen ysars old. The family
deserted their house, and the remains of Mr.
Nerswinder have been found among the ashes
in the fire place.
P. M. S. S. Investigation.— The examina-
tion of Mr. Irwin before the Congressional In-
vestigation Committee proceeds slowly. Mr.
Irwin don't "pump" as well as it was thought
he would. It has transpired, however, that
large sums of the company's money went into
the hands of the Congressional postmaster,
but for what purpose, or where it went subse-
quently, has not transpired.
The Gebman Chubch Contboveest — It is
reported that Queen Victoria has written to
Emperor William urging bim to compromise
the ecclesiastical conflict in Germany. The
report is of doubtful authority, and Germany
is generally supposed to be pretty well calcu-
lated to mind her own business, and the
Catholics don't compromise worth a cent.
Deowned. — Wm. Farmer was drowned
while trying to cross the Eel river at the Fort
Seward ford, on the 29th of November. He
started to cross the river on horseback, and his
horse failed or refused to swim, and Farmer,
who could not swim, was washed from his
back and drowned.
Emigeant Ship Bubned. — News has been re-
ceived of the burning of the English emigrant
ship "Cospatrick," while on the voyage from
London to New Zealand. Four hundred and
sixty lives were lost. Farther details are anx-
iously awaited. The vessel and cargo are a
total loss.
Cuban Annexation. — A letter to the Diario
reports that strong efforts are being made in
Washington to obtain the recognition of Cu-
bans as belligerents. . The letter couples the
names of Aldama and Collector Casey with
these efforts, and says that the object is to
throw on the market Cuban bonds held in
Washington.
Deaths Last Week. — During the last week
79 persons died in this city, 51 males and 28
females. Of these 68 were white, 1 colored,
and ten copper colored persons. There were
3 casualties, 1 homicide and 17 persons died in
public institutes.
Gebeitt Sb^th Dead.— This well known
philantrophist died suddenly in New York on
Monday fast, of apolexy. He had just arrived
in that city to spend the Christmas holidays
with his friends.
The great ship "Three Brothers" went to
sea on Monday with 4,000 long tons of wheat
in her bold. She was taken out by two tugs.
This is the most magnificent specimen of naval
architecture that carries sails.
Hoese Beef. — The horse shambles of Paris
supplied the public during the first quarter of
the present year with nearly 630,000 pounds of
meat, the result of the slaughter of 1,555
horses, mules and asses.
Fatal Accident.— Patrick Smith, foreman
and section man on the California Pacific Rail-
road at Napa Junction, stumbled across the
track on Monday morning with such force that
he died almost instantly.
Califobnia Bivees. — The proposition pend-
ing before Congress to expend a small sum of
money to improve California rivers ought to
receive favorable consideration. But $57,000
are required for the Sacramento River.
Railway Acoident in England. — Several
persons were killed and many wounded by a
railroad accident at Woodstock on Thursday
last. Some of the latter are fatally wounded.
Steange. — The extraordinary character of
the present season seems to puzzle the animal
as well as the vegetable kingdom. ' We have al-
ready noticed the fact that the trees seems to be
puzzled to know what to do, and now we find
the birds equally at a loss. The Mountain
Messenger of December 12th savs: A nest of
young birds was recently hatched in Judge
Davidson's orchard. What does this mean.
Won't some prophet investigate this unusual oc-
currence and tell an anxious people what sort
of a winter it foreshadows?
A Thoroughbred Importing Association. —
Articles of incorporation of the California Con-
federacy were filed yesterday. The purposes
for which the corporation isformed are, the im-
portation of thoroughbred horses into this
State, and the improvement of the breed. The
directors are G-eorge M. Pinney, Ezekiel Wil-
son, J. S. Taylor, A.E.Swain, John Martin,
O. F. Willey and William Shear. The capi.al
stock is $50,000, divided into 500 shares of the
value of $100 each.
Change in the Weatheb. — The weather
during the past ten days has taken a new turn,
and it is extremely cold for San Francisco; over-
coats out of doors and fires within are in de-
mand, and frost and thin coatings of ice are
discemable in the morning. In Los Angeles
the late severe frosts have seriously damaged
the promising tobacco crop at Agricultural
Park. This is the longest cold term ever
known in Los Angeles. Considerable anxiety
is also felt in regard to holding off the usual
December rains.
Industrial Items.
The Navy Yabd. — Eighty-two men are em-
ployed at the present time in the construction
department at the navy yard, as follows: Ten
men are engaged in boat building in that de-
par'ment. There are twentv-flve blacksmiths,
twenty-two ship joiners, three block makers,
five spar makers, two pattern makers, seven
plumbers, and eight in the saw mill.
An Industrial Colony. — Westminster Col-
ony is still on the march of improvement.
Several houses are nearly completed, and were
it not for the scarcity of lumber and carpen-
ters others would at once be erected. The
school is flourishing, the plows are busy, the
corn crop excellent, and the number of trees
to be planted this season will be greatly in-
creased.
Steamship Expenses. — Some idea of the
expenses attending the trial trip of a large
steamship may be had when it is known that
the trial trip of the "City of Pekin" to Newport
with a large number of guests, cost $50,000.
Delmonieo's bill for the entertainment was
about $25,000.
The estimated cost of a ship canal from
Stockton to Disappointment slough, eleven
miles, is $1,117,000. Such a work is greatly
needed, and would be of immense benefit in
opening up the San Joaquin valley. .
Twenty tons of coal per day are used at the
Starr mills, in V^llejo. which at present rates
costs about $130. One vessel is kept con-
stantly running to supply fuel for this great
flouring establishment. Fifteen car-loads of
wheat are ground every twenty-four hours.
Anotheb Woolen Mill. — Active efforts are
being taken to secure the erection of a woolen
mill at Merced. The sum of $32,000 has al-
ready been paid up. It is proposed to go into
the manufacture of mixed fabrics — woolen and
cotton.
Ibon Woeks at Santa Claba. — An effort is
being made to get up a joint stock company at
Santa Clara, with a capital of 100,000, for the
purpose of obtaining the location of J. T.
Walker & Co's iron works there.
The Anaheim branch of the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad is now within seven miles of
Anaheim. The track will be completed by the
1st of January. ■
The San Jose woolen mill company is making
weekly shipments of goods to St. Louis, Chi-
cago and Boston. The shipments of late have
consisted of doeskins, oassimeres and blankets.
A New Industry. — One hundred and sixty
acres are being planted to peppermint at
Milipitas, Santa Clara county, by W. Boete.
Thbee hundred and fourteen men are em-
ployed at the gunpowder works near Santa
Cruz.
The Sacramento beet sugarie will this year
plant from 1,500 to 2,000 acres in beets.
Theee are eight vessels contracted to be
built on Humboldt bay.
The Pacheco-road pass over the Coast raDge
has been completed, at a cost of about $18,000.
A company has been organized for construct-
ing a new hall at Monterey.
Salt Lake boasts of 200 new houses this
year.
Mayob Tobeeman, of Los Angeles, estimates
the population of the city at 13,000.
The San Luis Obispo waterworks have been
completed.
A handsome hotel is being erected at Felton,
Santa Cruz county.
The wharf at Wilmington- is about to be ex-
tended 1,000 feet.
Since April 1st 29,102 immigrants have ar-
rived overland.
Patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Reports foe the Mining and Scien-
tific Press, DEWEY & CO., Publishers and
0. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Dated Washington,
D. C, Dec. 29th, 1874.
Fob Week Ending Dec. 15th, 1874.*
Tiee Upsetteb. — Quintus C. Tebbs, Windsor.
Cal.
Windmill. — William C. Nelson, Sacramento,
Cal.
Alarm Combination Lock. — Henry W. Dilg,
Portland, Oregon.
Overalls. — Cheang Qnan Wo, S. F., Cal.
Artificial Stone.— Aohille Berard, Oakland,
Cal.
Trademark,
Fob Cocoantjt Preparations. — The California
Cocoanut Pulverizing Company, S. F,t Cal.
*The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after thedate of iBsue.
Note. — Copies of TJ. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and in the shortest time possible.
Agricultural Items.
Four Crops of Peabs in one Season. — The
Footlull Tidings of a recent date is responsible
for the following: Four crops of pears from one
tree in nne season is one of those stories for
wbicu California is famous, but which people
East seldom behVve. Any one who will take
the pains to walk out lo neir the end of Neal
street in this town can satisfy himsr If that such
thiugs do happen. Mr. Barker has a winter
Nelis pbrtr tree in his orchard that baa blossomed
four separate and distinct times this yeir and
now has uponit four orops of pears. Ouly the
first and second crops are perfect, the others
beiDg small and immatnre.
Answers to Questions. — A subscriber at
Anaheim asks the following questions: First,
will the Muscat Alexandra do well on Bandy
soil? Second, in what month should decidu-
ous trees be budded? Third, what month is
considered the best for planting blue gum seed?
Answers: First, yes; on "sandy soil," but
not on pure sand. Second, in August and
September. Third, amateurs would do well to
wait until February or March before planting
blue gum seed.
Of the 14.000 acres of arable land comprising
Sherman island, it is estimated that 10,000
acres are already sown to wheat and barley.
Several hundred acres of volunteer grain stand
six inches high.
Thebe are no new developments regarding
the potato rot in Sonoma county. Nearly all
not dug before the Ifite rains are ruined. About
50,000 sacks are stored in Petaluma.
Seth Bennett, farmer, on Dry creek, So-
noma county, gathered from one vine of Mission
grapes 100 pounds of grapes, whioh, if made
into wine would have produced eight gallons.
Fresh butter is arriving at Petaluma in con-
siderable quantities, and is selling from 43 to
45 cents per pound, or 6 cents higher than last
year.
Mesquite grass is being sown extensively in
Lake and Mendocino counties. It is said to be
fine for hay, and rich green feed. Neither
frost, wet, nor ordinary dry weather affects it.
"When all her land is properly reclaimed,
Sutter county will have added fully one half
more to the amount of land now under cultiva-
tion.
Santa Claba county is sending more grain
East this year than ever before.
The capacity of the Consolidated Tobacco
factory nt Gilroy is about to be doubled.
Thibty seven vessels have loaded wheat at
South Vallejo this season.
A new ledge with very promising appear-
ances has been found on the southwestern side
of the ridge back of Pioche. The ledge is of
good size, and contains ore that assays well.
The owners are Murphy, Jones & Co.
The covered car track leading from the Con-
solidated Virginia mi e to the mill of the same
company is about completed. The rail for the
cars is laid about half-way thiougli and the
woodwork is all done.
The Calaveras Chronicle reports that the Mo-
kelumne Hill Canal and Mining company are
negotiating for the purchase of Overton's ditch,
at Rich Gulch flat.
The Home Cure that Never Fails. — "The atmos-
phere of piny woods is good for '"'Tieumptive patientB'
s»ys Dr. Erastus Wilson. No d mot it is; but Hale's
Honey of Horehound and Tar, charged with the con-
centrated essence of the most vn.utible of all medicinal
trees, the Abies Balsamea, or Balm of Gilead, and tem-
pered with the purifying and healing juice of the hore-
hound plant and with the pureBt honey, will do more
in one day to cure a cough or cold than the air of pine
woods could do in a twelve-month.
Pike's Tooth-Ache Drops — Cure in one minute
Woodward's Gabdens embraces an Aquariam. Mu-
seum, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
menngerie Seal Ponds, and Skating Hint. Admission,
25 cents; children, 10 cents.
January 2, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
13
METALS.
Wkd.smiht It, Dec. 30, 1874.
American Pi* Iron, V ton .
Suouin I'm Imn.H ion....
WbttcPis. >_ton.-
Owl
(g 46 Oil
. « 00 « 48 00
. KB *6 l>0
. (fi 40 Oil
- V*
- 5**
K«hu«d Bar, bad •Mortnient, * tt> . . .
Refined Iter, «ood a»*ortro«nt, V ft M
BoiUr, No. I lo 4 .. *3
Plat«. No. A to S §
brieut. No. 10 to 13... .. ^
Shoet. No. 14 to W — - g
8bMl,No.iUo'il -; ■« I
Hor»8ho*»a.|>er kotf ... 1 W «
{Tall Rod - »*'<!
Norway Iron... — » «
Hulled Iron ... - h ,<J
Othnr Irons for Black»ra«ha. Miner*, etu. <c
0>i-J-kb_-
Brazier**.... — 3J «
I'n'd — « ffi
U.N)«l'«l'>t — 50 §
Sheathing. Jl ft
Sheathing. Yellow
Sbeathiruj. Old Yellow
Co ' position Null. ^
1 .i-Tipo-M 100 Bolt* —
TpUt«*Uh*rcoal, IX V bo* 13 00 g IS'O
PUtoi. I U(,'h»rcoal 13 00 @ 4 *.
BfWflDK flat... 1'J ■*■ i l> ,M'
lt*oc« Tit. Sl.be, * B> ~ WWfl M
BTMrL.-KnitlMhf'ast.-Wft -W &g - '2ft
AnOVr-fon Jc Wooile" American Caat. 1* — 1*»S
brill '» - iG'a
Flat Rar - 'H «9 — '-
Pl«a«h SU-1 -H« <« '000
~ - ©- '»
/.inc. Shoot — «# - 1'S
NAiiit— A^rwdilwi .. 4 2ft H) 6 00
gutOKriii.v.'.n jxir ft — —
, — It
■ 11
G» — 24
3 - MS
« --
M 0
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
Pacific Machinery Depot !
B. P. GREGORY,
Empire Warehouse,
Beetle ^ (r<Ti, neax Murlot ,
Francisco, Cal-
DEWEY & CO
American and Foreign
BAUM.
Rnv.Ktnnd Whl..—
Detriuk's Machinu
N.-w.-d. '.'!v... ]■; ,12
do K W—
du 20x40, do A....—
Floor bucks -.■*•■
" Us.
Stand. Ounnies..
Double seam...
■ingle scam. ...
" Wool Sacks, wi
Baricy Bog" 24x31 13
d.. 23XW -
do 2 Is in —
do Nx36
Oat BaKH. 24x40. ..
do Wx»., - —
H. Mali in 10-Mi gds 9'i
do 4ft It)*
HI
1394
i 2 75
2«N
27
-,*
12
CAJIIVED CrOO
AsHl'dPlo V raits
in j1- lb emit- ISO e
d-- Tallin do.. 3 'J 1 ■■■"■» 1 Ui*
Jams A Jellies 3 7ft 01 4 00
Pickles tf gl.. — {a) 3 50
Sardines.qr box I 80 [yj
do bf boxen. 3 20 ;q>
i O A I. -".Johl.lnir.
Australian, fUon 10 50 -<i I J 50
Coos Bay (Sill JO
HulllnKbam Bay. |9W
Seattle (3)11—
Oumberl'd.cka.. («)1R 00
do bulk. ..it- mi an so
Mt. Diablo 6 26 ®8 A0
Lehigh ,'ajl7 Mi
Liverpool 10 50 @U 60
WeetHartley .... — 5)14 00
Scotch In 00 will IH-
Scranton (S)U 50
Vancouver's IbI.. 11 DU@tl 50
Charcoal, ^nk... 75 (at —
Coke, ^bbl — @ 60
COFFEE.
Sandwich Inland — ® 22
CentralAmenc'n 20 @ 22
Costa Kioa per lb 2J 24
Qa&temula 20 IS) 22
Java —
Manilla 19
Ground in cs — —
Chicorv 0
PISH.
Pao.Drv Ood.new 5
oasfts 6
do boneless.. ,. H
Eastern Ood S
Salmon in bblB..9 00 ft9 50
do '-, bbls4 ftO (45 50
do 2«tt.oan8 — ©2 80
do 21b cans..2 05 402 78
do lav cans .1 7ft ftO —
DoOnl. K. Sib... — til —
Piolu Ood. bbls.'-S 00 @ —
do % bt.lsll 00 @ -
Bos . Sm'k'dHt-r'^O (S 50
Mack'l,No.l,'tblB9 00 rojll 00
Extra.... — <&iL2 On
" in kits.... 2 00 %2 ftO
Ex mess. 3 U0 (3>'i 50
'■ Ex mesa.Sbs- -W13 «0
Pio'd Horr'e.bx.. 3 Ou m :i 50
NAIIA
Assorted size. tb. ft 37!-.'3,7 50
O] EJ8L
Paciflo Olne Co.
Neat Pit No. 1. — @
Pure —
Castor Oil, No.l.. —
do do No.2.. -
Cocoanut., ,1 4'
Olive PlaKniol..
do Possel..,.
Palm lb !
Linseed, raw -
do boiled
1 -tiimi nut in cs,
Sperm, crudev%.
do bleached. 1 90 (oi2 25
Ooost Whales... 45 (a) —
Polar, refined.... 50 «zi 52]
Lard 1 15 (ajl 30
Coal, reflrrerl Pet 37^W —
Olenpbine 21 (a) 24
Devoe's Bril't... 2ft <Q Z8
Lon* Isluad 21 w 2i
Enrska — (a) —
Devne's Petro'm 2i 30 -4
Barrel kerosene 21 fa) 21
Wrdnkhday m., Doc. TO, 1874.
lOhve I 20 ®9 %S
—012 Downer KeroBe'e — VJ 37
(las LlKht Oil... - (a) 26
PAIXT8.- _
- :i I. , Atlan. W . Lead.
— lanaSji'A'bitiQR
. PuMy
6 — 'OJ 7 iChalk
P»ris White
3 trfiU Ochre
filt Venetian Kcd..
ld67Si Kcd Lead
til Litharge
U's En*. Vermillion 2 OO'a)
(ajlft KKF.
sgilfi China No. 1, # lb
16 @l«'., do 2, do.
— (gil7 Japan
'in 9*i Siiiin Cleaned...
Mil fatna
iujlfl lawaiian
■ irnliit.i.
SALT.
■Jal. Bav.perton 10 nOftflll 00
do Common.. 5 00(a) 7 On
Carmen Island. .ll 00o>13 00
Liverpool fine... fa>24 00
do coarse 1 6 OOio.
SOAP.
(Jastile ** »» 10 '0.1 11
Tjncal brands ft (3) 8
Spiojw.
Cloves 50 ffl .^
Cissia 20 :g) U7
Citron 33 fin 35
NutmoK 1 -JO iui| 30
Whole Pepper... 21 d) 23
■imeoto - 3 15S
r'nd Allsjpprdz — fall 12S
do Cassia do .. — ml 50
do Cloves do.. — Ml 50
do MaBtard do — @1 20
do GinKerdo,. — @1 00
do Pepper do.. — @l 00
do Mace do.. . — (32 00
N Hi A IE, r.TV..
Cal. Cnbe per lb., H'^qj —
Pariz' Pro. Cube
bblorlOOIbbxs — @ 11M
do in 50 ft bxs.. - S 12
do in 25 lb bxs. — (Si 12'-i
Cirele-A crushed — @ Uv
Powdered — f«>, U Ij
Fine cruHhod... — (5) II .r
(iruiiulateu — ffll 11 '-.j
Golden O — 'dl 10
Hawaiian 8 (Si 1);>.{
.California Beet. 10*i"a) »l*i
ijnl. Syrllpin I :■-. — (a) 67,'-i
do in ^ bis. — fa) 70
do In kecs.. — 0v 75
Hawaiian Molau-
ses 28 (a) 30
TEA.
UolonR.Canton.Ib 19 @ 25
do Ainoy... 2* (aj ,W
do ForinoBa 40 :<» 80
Tm perin 1. Canton 25 Ot 40
do PinRsney 45 fa) 80
do Moyune . 60 uv\ mi
Ounpo'der.Oaiit. 30 @ 42S
do Pink'suey SO (a) M0
do Moyune. 05 (all 25
Y'nR Ily., Canton 2H 01 40
io PinEsuev 40 (ai 70
do Moyuno.. 65 (a) 85
Japan, ^ ehosts,
bulk 30 @ 75
Japun.lacquered
bx3,4^and51ba 45 @ 67
Japan <1 •>. J tb bxs 45 <m 90
opl'nbx,4HIb 3ft @ "
SAN FRANCISCO,
Patents Obtained Promptly.
Caveats Filed Expeditiously,
Patent Reissues Taken Out.
Patents Secured in Foreign Lands.
Assignments Made and Recorded in Legal Form.
Copies of Patents and Assignments Procured.
Examinations of Patents made here and at
Washington.
Examinations made of Assignments Recorded
in Washington.
I Electric Minining Company— Principal
ElaCC of business. San Frunci-i-o, Stme of California
UCAtlon of works, Lincoln Mining District, Butte
1 County, California.
Notiov is li'i -L>> Kiven that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 29th day of November. I874 Ull
tsseaameiit ot five cents prr share wm* lovied upon the
LMtiital stuck of tha corpora tin n, payable Immediately, iu
LniU'd Ststes Gold coin, to the >e«rvt«rvl at the omce
of tli«' Cautpuny, In San KraticiBoo.
Any stock upun whith thie ansesBinent Bhall remain uo-
pald on tin' fourth day of January, 1M75, will be delta-
<iu«nt,nnd advertinrd i,>r "ale at tmiilie auction, and untesu
paymiiit is mnde bef-Te, will be s.ld qn Monday the 2Mb
du oi J11 1 uury, 1B76, to pay the delinquent a*«ae'Bmnui
togLtlier with cosiB o( udvert ihiiik and evpersea of salu *
Olnce— Room 13, No. 3lHC'tililornia i*trt>vt. han Pnoclsoo
Cal
■•Golden Rule" Silver Mining Company —
Principal place of busincHS, San FnuoUco, (; lif-rum
Location of Works, Ui'bir Miiiihk District, Ut-ah Terri-
tory.
Notice Is hereby (riven, thst ot a meeting of llie
Board of Dirt ct-.ru. held on tlif « h da' 01 December
■..--•■: hK'llI Ml In ,■ , fl, :. I I.' 1 ■ Jiar- VVUs ItVied UpOtJ
' '10 oorporation, payable immedintel v
ind_silver coin to the Beontw?
1M.4, an _
the ca ial »took of 1
In Uniteil Slides Kuld . __
No. 530 Cay Btreei. S,,n Fruncisoo, California
An\ elijik upon which tin- a BiSMiiie t nIuiII icnialn un-
paid on the fiiteeuth duy of .lununry. IMS. will be duliu-
iiiii-iit. und advertised for sale at public auctiou
nless payment b» in ado before, will be sold on
and
Monday, t
In
s pay]
lefilie
nth day of February, IK'
uay 01 feDruury, lat.'i, v> pay
together with coBts of aav
fc_> pay Che d.i-
vertising
_ _xpenses of sale.
K. WrRTHF.IMER, Socrstary
Office, 530 Clay street. San PrancJBOO, 1 ul.
ExaminaUons Ordered and Sported by TKlk- the ..n.^d^of Nove,,,^
Interferences Prosecnted.
Opinions Rendered regarding the Validity of
Patents and Assignments.
Rejected Cases taken up and Patents Obtained
Every Legitimate Branch of Patent Agency Bus •
iness promptly and thoronghly condncted.
Sewd foe Cieotjlae.
- «,
@i 10
V^i'St 32'$
Sole AgeDt for Pacific Coast for
J. Fay & Co's Woodworking- Machinery
Blake's Patent Steam Pumps, Tannite
Co's Emery Wheels and Machinery,
Fitchburg- Machine Co's Machin-
ists' Tools, Fdson's Recording:
Steam Gaug-e, Triumph Fire
Extingnisher.
Al60 on hand and for Sale':
STCKTEVANT'S BLOWEBS AND EXHAUST FANS,
JOHN A. ROBELINCTS SONS' W1KE ROPES, PUUE
OAK TANNED LEATHER BELTING, PERIN'S'
FRENCH BOND SAW BLADES, PLANER
KNINES, NATHAN & DREIFUS GLASS
OILERS, AND MILL AND MINING SUP-
PLIES OF ALL KINDS.
P. O. Box 168.
5RpXtt~«n3*
7000 IN use
&mw
0YE#
Keystone Quartz Mining Company —
Lu.mtion of principal pla'c of biudnf hh, Sau FrQncls-
co, California. Locution of workn, Butte Township,
Sierra County, California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
deHcribed Btock, on uccount of asseBHinent levied on
"874. the K'v. ml amountB
opi oBitu the iiuiin h of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Nanit-s. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount
CH Simpklns 37 1248 $1*48 00
J Clem Uhler, trustee..... 66 500 600 00
J Clem Uhler, trustee 67 274 274 1)0
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Bo:ird of Directors, made on the tenth day of Novem-
ber, 1874, so many shares of each parcel of said stock
as maybe nccecsary will be sold at publio auction, at
the salesroom of John Middleton k Son, No. 310 Mont-
gomery street, San Francisco, on the eleventh day of
January, 1876, at the hour of one o'clock p. m., of
said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS VJlBARIA., Secretary.
Office — Northwest corner Sansome and Fine BtreetB,
San i'rancisco, Cal. dec20-3t
19v27-eow-16p
do s&l tb paper 30 (3 55
TOBACCO- "
Brit; In Navys...
Dark do ...
Dw.i f Twist...
12 inch do ...
Liubt ProsBCd.
Hurt I do
Conn. Wrap'r...
Penn. Wraupcr
Ohio do
VirRi'aSiiiok'K
Fine ct ohe'g.tri
Fine cut chew-
ing, buc'ts.ij* tti
Banner tine cat.
KarekA Cala
TCRPiENTINF.
Eastern..^ 55 m fill
.1 •> hKlllIC
50
Ml
W)
50
td)
ft."!
'J H
W
Yf
till
(at
7(1
VII
m
HO
Ml
<d)
WI
as
m
40
'J0
(0
4.S
15
im
70
4,1
(aj
lb
.« m
(fljil 2ft
..75 ($ 90
. 9 110/ii 9 'J5
[3)9 in 1
LEATHER.
Wednesday m., Dec. 30, 1874.
Oity Tanned Laalber, 1* Tb i6«:29
Santa Crna Leather, t^ lb 26,&29
Country Leather, W lb 24(*aB
Btookton Leather, & lb Wfl>29
Jodot, 8 Kil., pordOZ ....$50 00® 54 0(1
Jodot, tltoi9Kil.,pordoz 06 00(a) 90 Oil
Jodot, second choice, 11 to 18 Kil. 1* doz 56 00(g) 72 ■*()
Ooruellian, 12 to 16 Ko.... 67 00(g> 67 00
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 H3 00(g) 67 0"'
Cornellian h .inates. 14 to- lfi Kll 71 <K«3 76 5»
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00(oJ h, tlO
Simon Ulimu Fema.es, U to 15, Kil '.0 00^» 72 '0
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00 .5 75 0(1
Simon, lb tul.,«doz bl 00® 63 |*U
Simon. 20 Kil. ** doz. «5 00(g) 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. %* doz ;.. 72 00® 74
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 80 IWigJ 40 '10
French Kips, ^ Q) 1 W) (* 1 15
California Kip, $ doz 40 00®, P
Frenah Sheep, all colors, '# doz 3 (10® 16 Oli
Eaatern Calf tor Backs, & lb 1 00® 1 25
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colore, $ doz 9 00(g) 13 Olt
Sheep Koans for Linings, *$ doz 5 .50® 10 50
California RusBett Sheep LinmgB „ , 175® 4 50
Best Jodot Calf Boot Lbkb, ^pair 5 oil. 3 5 25
Good French Calf Boot Legs, ^ pair 4 00® 4 7;s
French Calf Boot Legs,^ pair i 00®
Harness Leather* $ lb 30® 37S
Fair Bridle Leather, « doz 48 OH® 72 00
Skirting Leather, $ A> »3® Si'-,
Welt Leather, %* doz , 30 00® 50 OU
Ban* Leather, ft foot 17® -
Wax Side Leather. V foot 17® —
Eastern Wax Leather... ............4... — r<a— —
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
& SULPHURIC ACID MANUFACTURERS.
For ffaleor to Iflase the LEVIATHAN COPPER MINE,
in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and .gray .sulphide, with metallic copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations, realized $30,-
000 for Bluestone. in siglit, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons 16 percent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which maybe extende'd indefinitely. Cost of ex-
traction, $2. There is ;aune * s'ratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, pure
sulphur. To a coin piurebaser highly advantageous
terms will he offered. For further particulars apply to
Leurs Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine county, Cal,
Martin and Walling Mill and Mining Com-
Eunv Principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal.
location of works, Coalterville District, Mariposa
fount j . ' al.
Notice is horehy giren, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on ihotthday of December, 1874, an as-
sessment (No. 1) offifty i50) conts per share was levied
upon the capital stock 01 the corporation, payable im-
mediately, in United States gold ci>in, to the Secretary,
at the office of the company in San FransiBCO, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the £tn day of January, 1675. will be delinquent,
and advertised fur sale at public auction, and unless
payment is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the
23d day of January, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment
together with costs of advertising and .'Xpenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary,
Office. — Room 6, 408 California street, San Francisco,
Page Tunnel Company.— Location of
Erinoipal place of business, San Francisco. California,
ocation of works, Big Cottonwood District, Salt Lake
County. Utah.
Notice is hen-by given, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 12th day of December, 1874, an assess-
ment of five cents per share was levied upon the capital
stock, of the corporation, payable immediately in United
States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the
Company, Room 2, No, 408 Oalilonua street, San Francisco
California.
Any stock upon which this asBeasment shall remain un-
paid on the 20th day of January, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unleBs pay-
ment is made before, will be *<old on the 20th day of Feb-
ruary, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
JAOUB HARDY, Secretary.
Office, Room 2, No. 408 California street, San Fr&noifloo,
California. decl9-4t
Mining and Other Companies.
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company.
Principal place of business, San Fmncisco, California.
Location of works, CalaveraB county, State of Califor-
Noticois hereby given, that at a meeting of the Trustees
of said Company held on the 7ih day of December, 18i4,
an assessment «£ five (5) cents per uliaro was levied upon
the capital stock of said Company, payable immediately,
in United .Stales .gold coin, to the Secretary of thv Com-
pany in theOffioe of the Uniled Slates Internal Collec-
tor, No. 321 Batter? street, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Saturday, (he ninth day of January, 18.5. shall be
delinquent, und a&Tertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment ie mado before, will be sold on Monday,
the iwenrrtfiith (2f-th) day of January, 1875, to pay, the
delinquent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sole. ABRAM SHEAR. Secretary.
Office. No 321 Battery street, (office ot the U. S. fnter-
.nal Revenue Collector.) Sau Francisco, Cal. decio-it
California Beet Sugar Company.—Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal-
fornia. Location of works, Soquol, Santa Cruz County,
■California. , , .. ■** j r
IVotlce is hereby given, tbatat a meetlnK of the Board ot
DH-eotors, held on the 23d day of Dccemher, B*4, an as-
sen'Oient of Five Dollars per share was levied upon the
oaaitaC stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
UTlted States gold coin, to the secretary, at the office
<rf the "Company. 314 California street, San Francisco, i.al.
Awv Btock upon which this assessment snail remain un-
noicl I ott the 31st uay of Jw.wy.W76 Will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at publio auction, and unless
mav-meatianiade before will be sold on the 21st day of
February, 1876,1.. pay the delinquent assessment, together
,««* .osta •^^«*«»l5tfI{\^!fc0({ifjJ-»eCMtaI7.
•Sffiofe, No. 314 •ftlifornia street, San Franoisco, Cal.
Theresa Mill and Mining Company.
Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, Cal. Location of works Coulterville District,
Mariposa county, 0*1.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment No. 1, levied
on the 25th day of November, 1874, the severat amountB
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Osrnell, Richard 74
Carnell, Richard 87
Camell, Richard 88
Chabot, A 109
Coulter, Mary Ann 2
Coulter, Mary Ann 3
Donovan, M. J 183
liUia.FredN 187
Finck , George 1 28
Finck, George 133
Gillau, James S 1(10
Hickox.B.F 189
Hickox.B.F 140
Lamar, T. D. 3 134
Lamar, T. P. S 135
Lee.R.H 163
McFadden, John 14
McFadden, John 15
McFadden, John IB
M-cFaddon, John 20
McFadden, John 23
McFadden, John 27
McFudden , John 25
Quinn, John 4
Riley, H.K 181
Rosekrans, H 160
Shelden, Mark 159
Stewart, John 130
Stewart, John.... 131
Taylor.D.W 124
Taylor.D.W 126
Taylor, D. W 120
Tripp, J. W 141
Tripp, J. W ...142
Tripp, J. W 144
Tripp, J. W 145
Tripp, J. W 146
Turuock, Joseph 136
Wain wright, Wm 166
Whalen, John 41
Whalen, John 48
Wbalen, John 61
And in accordance with law, and an order 01 the
Board of Directors, made on the 25th day of Nov-
ember, 1874, so mauy shares of each parcel of said
Btock as may be necessary, will be Bold at public auc-
tion at the office of the Company, 408 California street,
Room No. 16, on Friday, the 16th day of January, 1876,
at the hour of 12 o'clock, m., of said day, to pay
delinquent Assessments thereon, together with costB
of advertising and expenses of sale.
B. F. SlCKOX, Secretary.
OfQce, Roo» 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
Cal.
100
J60
60
26
60
25
1000
600
100
50
100
50
600
250
100
50
300
150
200
luo
1000
510
26
12.60
25
12.60
100
60
100
60
100
6)
100
60
100
50
100
50
60
25
60
25
50
25
50
25
200
100
60
25
260
126
1000
500
100
50
ino
50
500
250
1000
600
1000
600
60
25
50
25
25
12.60
25
12.50
25
12.60
60
25
255
127.60
100
50
100
60
60
25
14
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 2, 1875,
Ifoji and fllachipe tofe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 125 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
~E>. I. CITBRY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron v7orka,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done-
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING- promptly
attended to. 17y25-3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL .' $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN FRAKCI5CO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . AU kinds of light and heavy OaBtings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. N orris,
Jesse Holladay, 0/ E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD: Secretary1
24vl7-qr .
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAHUrACTUEKlia Of
S T I«3 A. M ENGINES,
Quartz, Flou.r and ©aw MiUg,
JX&yes' Improved Steam Fnmp, Brodlc's Im-
proved Crasher* Allulusr Pnmpi,
Amalgamator!, and all kinds
of Machinery.
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fromont Btreets, above How*
street , San Francisco. 3-qy
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, OaL.
Eatablishfld for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
- — AlfB —
Every "Variety of Shafting-,
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shaft «, Cranks, Platon and Con*
_, nectlng Sods, Car and Locomotive Axles
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size
a*- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Franoisco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
ney- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
SHEET IRON PIPE.-
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET EBON AND ABPHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same -where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Oar Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Care . These small wheels are made
of the best Oar Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
NT" All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt "Works.
MA.NTJFACTTTREIt3 OF AXL KINDS OP
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, San Francisco. 4v241y
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AQENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Kock Drill Comuany.
-iHANTJFACTUBERB OF-
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for [Blasting-, Putnam Ha-
tchine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
21v28-Sm-hd
IVcURKE «fc DL1A.OY,
310 California St., S. F.
►3 O
£8
s aa
i¥'p
5n (Ens » E, & to
" S S*S5 5.gg eats
Ppag ^S'B BOPS'1
'Sssf'Siss
•11
g.8 gw'g "„.- t
&iF:£ffef-:
'flS
pi
H-.OO
pj •< <<
&D 5'
J" O (D
: p 3'
: a a
■ &&
^g,.H
HOOHOIUII
HtSM*.
I I I OH
HMHOv
r— WC£*--
uocn t;
tO^-OlbB
- if« m w tD ■ -3 -^ (O zn «© if
bO X- t-i . |-i -,K l-i (-• I— '-'
i ojooce ooojk to- rooooowoa
w
H
O
a
>
g. H
• ia!
w g
M M
hi g
> s
2 ob
O H
OCCIDENTAL FOUNDRY,
187 and 139 First street SAN FRANCISCO.
STEIGEE & BOLAND,
IRON FOTJNDEBiS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Rolling* Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.8m
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating-'s Sack Printing Presses,
The Economt Htdeaulic Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 26v28-3m
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO, OAL.
JOHN L. HEAIiB, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills, ' Stationary
aud Portable Steam Engines, Pumps, etc. Boilers
built and repaired, aud all kinds of Iron and Brass
Castings furnished at Bhort notice.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILEB M A K K R S
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet. Howard and Folsom, San Francisco
ulachinerv and Castincrs of all hinds.
BAILEY'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE PLANES.
THIRTY DIFFERENT STYLES.
Smooth, Jack, Fore, Jointer, Block and Circular Planes.
MANUFACTURED OF BOTH
I It O IV A. N I> WOOD.
OVER,
80,000
Already Sold.
IHllH
MANUFACTURERS: ^lllllllllllllll[l|||l|l|l||||||||[| li'f'.i j ',! ijjj !?;!; ;.i||(!j||J|i|
STANLEY" RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY.
Factories: New Britain, Conn. Warerooms: 35 Chambers Street, New York.
FOR SALE BY AXL HARDWARE DEALERS.
B£F" Send f or descriptive Circulars, embracing a full assortment of Improved Tools.
21v28-lt:m-ly
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
HAHUrAOTDBSRS OT
8TEAM XHVGXCTGS, DBOHjEIWS,
Dunbar'sPatentSelf-Adj \isting Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kinds of Mining machinery.
Front Street, between AT and O stroAts,
Saobamento Oity.
6. W. PHESCOTT. | W. R. EOBABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE, -- OAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKAHT,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisiing Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts, Oar Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-Iy
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
No. 185 First street, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All Kiiroa of Brass, Composition. Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all ktndtf, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hinges, SHip an d Steamboat Belleanu
Gongsof superiortone. AU kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draullc Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
«- PRICES MODERATE, -ff*
.r. H. WFRH. V. KINOWELL.
TSEODOKE KALLENBERG.
and Maker of Models for Inventors. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small Gears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and in the
best manner. No. 32 Fremont street, S. F. 19v23-3m
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
JGXJUEItA. FOUXDEY,
L.I6IIT AUD HEA7T CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 2avl6ar
^teapi kyi$.
PARKE
&
LACY,
Sole Agents for
WRIGHT'S
BUCKET-
PLUNGER
Steam Pump
ALWAYS
RELIABLE
29vl9-tf
THE SELiDEN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of accesB, and it is adapted, to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
STEAM, GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CARR PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
A.. C ARR,
10v28-ly
43 Courtland Street , New York
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESOHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND. POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines In operation in the quartz and gravel mines-
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, aud full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
2iv26-tf
January 2, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
15
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co- Machinery Depot, San Francisco.
HJWOBMtM PUVU AMI MaTVHEB is got-
ten up froiu new patterns ipecliUy for this
Coa»t. It hat Out Steel Blotted (blinder Bead,
running Id patciu »*'lf oiling boxes; Matcher
Bplndles also onfce beat rant steel.
are sll prou-rttti *itb iron coron. Will plane
24 in. wide and 6 Id. thick, and tongue ami
it tn, wiiif. Will niak'- nutte
ami stick gutt' m. or heavy roavllttngO, otc„ and
U tbo ban Job Ma- Mm- star built.
•/"Wf bavi- always uii band a large assort-
ment of Planing Mill Kaoulrary, all of the latest
Improvement*, Inolnding Elanara, Moulding,
Uortlclogand Tanonlng Uaenlnt §, Hand and Jig
Saws, kc.t Ac. Svnd fur Catalogues ami prices.
TBEADWELL & CO.,
23vl9 eow-tf San Francisco.
Adjustable Saw Gua»e
Foot Power
lmpruv^a fciaw Arbors.
2¥X3 frX -%•
fl_JL_fl_JLJl_Jl
Improved Band Saws.
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand-
^ipijig Machinery.
T 11 r:
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
KNOWLES' PATENT STEAM PUMP.
K- cently improved andj submitted to thorough scien-
tiQc teats by Junius Emerson, shewing the following
nsoful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, H 50.08; )$ 09. 64; H 7R.73
\ B2.68; ?i 8'J.OO. Percentage of whole gute, 83.14.
Mr. Etnerson says: " These are the best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine Wheel
in my experience"
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnish od on application to
TREADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for tho Pacific States and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
EAGLE IMPROVED CHLORINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1873.)
Tlie Cheapest and Most effective Furnace now in use
Parties desirous of building above furnace, or for any
information on same, address,
I. T. MTLLIKEN,
■ aSl No. 302 Montgomery St., room No. 1-1. 8. F.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 Iub. Haa an iron
rame, five -tool arms with stumps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike '2,0t0 blows per minute, in a mortar provided
with screens on both bhIcb. and crushes fine 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give go ,d satis-
faction. PRICE, $6U0.
Gr. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf 315 California street, San Francisco,
JSiCULC
It has no CraDltR or Fly- Wheel, and has no dead points where It will stop, consequently it is always ready to
start without using a starting-bar, and does not require hand-work to get it paBt the center. Will always start
when the steam cylinder is filled with cold water of condensation.
CENTRAL PACIFIC R. R., OFFICE OF THE GEN'L MASTER MECHANIC, J
SACEAMENTO Oal., Januarv 14, 1873. J
A. L. FISH, Esq., Agent of the Knowles Steam Pump-Dear Sir: In reply to your inquiry as to the merits of the
Knowlea Steam Pump, in use upon this road, I will say that It gives me great pleasure tn report that they have per-
formed their work well whenever called upon. In no instance have they tailed. We have now over 30 of them in
iibo on this road as fire engines, and pumping water for shop and station use. I consider the Knowles Steam Pump the
best in use, and prcier it to any other. Yonrs, truly, A. J.STEVENS, General .Master Mechanic.
A. L. FISH, Agent Knowles' Steam Pump — Dear Sir: In answer to your inquiries, we state that the hiprhestaward
for Steam Pumps at the Eighth or la-t Mechanics' F>iirin San Francisco, was a First Premium and Diploma, awarded
to Knuwles' Patent Steam Pump, as published in the Official List September 23d. 1871.
A. S. HALLiDIE, President Board of Manager-*.
W. H. Williams, Sec'y Board of Managers Eighth Industrial Exhibition, M. 1.
World,
WE BUILD AND HAVE CONSTANTLY ON HAND
The Largest Stock of Pumps in the
And for Every Conceivable Purpose.
SOBE AGENT ON THE PACIFIC COAST FOR THE
CLAPP & JONES SUPERIOR STEAM FIRE ENGINE,
01»;tlleiiiriifi££- the World !
THE CELEBRATED BOOMER. PRESS,
For Wine, Cider, Lard, Paper, Wool, Hops, Hides, Tobacco, Bags, etc.— the Most Powerful
in Uee,
A. L. Fish, Agent,
Nos. 5> and 11 First Street, Man Francisco, Cal.
P. S.— All kinds of new and second-hand Machines on hand.
4v29-lam-bp-3m
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAT 2GTH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Fbanoisco, November 10th, 1871.
To Supts. of Quarts Mills and Mining Men generally;
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce. the cost of tteel and at the
same timo produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16' cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that you will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iroD. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
Bold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of beiog tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Ddss are in in-e in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippings, and a Baving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
Address all orders, -with dimensions, to
lv29-3m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building, S. F
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting, Desulphurizing. Chloridizing
and Oxidizing Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
ubh. Qhloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaceB; controls them with eaBe; adding heat or air;
stopping or Btartingat will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent 'Convoying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large Bpace in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gaseB. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining and Scientific Press, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars addreBS
TEATS & BREED,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, &c, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR, QTJAR'JTZ M1LL8,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded In producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
which are I
unequalled |
for
Economy
l>le.
fc. hoe,
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, EngineB, Boilers
and Shafting, and general Mining Machinery in all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders proniply filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
Stamp Mill For Sale at Ophir Canon,
Nye County, Nevada. Midway between Austin and
Belmont, belonging to the Twin River Consolidated
Mining Co. A complete mill, comprising twenty (20)
8001b stamps, (dry-crushing) with Rock Breaker, Puns,
Settlers, and entire outfit of milling appliances;
together with an excellent engine (18x42) , two tubular
boilers and all requisite shafting, gearing, belting, &c;
a valuable lot of Sierra Nevada timber in Battery
frames and building. The whole is offered cheap. For
further information apply to JAS. D. HAGUE,
18v27-3in 240 Montgomery St., S. F
WONPAREXL OJJL.
140 Degrees Fire Test, for Family Use.
OWNERS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
attention is particularly called to this beautiful and
safe Illuminating Oil. Its use iB urgently recom-
mended by the New York Fire Commissioners and In-
surance Companies. For sale to the trade in lots to
suit. A. HATWARD, 224 California St, '
19v28-3m
26
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 2, 1875.
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The above cut?, represent the new style "HO AD LEY" variable cutoff 15 Horse-Power Portable Engine. We have same style and fizo mounted on
wheels as a Threshing Engine for the Kutsell End-shake Separator. We have all sizes from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. T*he HOADLEY ENGINES need
no recommendation from us. We have sold them in California for 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The lust great improve-
ment is the Cut-off Governor, thus giving them all the economy and inci-eaBed power qf the most thorough built stationary engine.
83~Millmen, Mine-owners aud Mining Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of the
"HOADLEY" before purchasing. Circulars and prices Bent free on appplication. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description Bee Mining and Scientific Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OP 'WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Press, September lflth, 1874.
FITEDLEIfc'SSS QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Press, November 15th) 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
2lT29-16p-eow-3m F, piEDDER, New Almaden, Cal
W. T. G-ARRATT.
C XT Y
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
manufacturers of
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
T.WERN AND L.1JID B£LLS, GONU8,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
GUobeB, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES lor mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
•=7~HigheBt Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 0-tt'
CazirTs Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator— One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a sizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de-
livering two or low sizes of ore to two or four rows of
sieves, each row independent of the other, and each
havinG 6 sieves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the sinrultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-olasb oreBinto
let-claes ores of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter; — galena and silver sulphurets from
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
niOBt capes for the requirements of western hiineB, with
a capacity of IS or 20 tons per 24 hours .
For particulars apply to,
P. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co.
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, .or corner of
Blake and 32d itreets. ■ ag8-16p
Thursday Noon our laBt forms go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
GIANT P0WDEE.
Patented May OB, 1808.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER., NO. a,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and GraVel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE uBe saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in e»penseB, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
1&~ The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3mlGp General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
THE PACIFIC
REDUCTION WORKS,
GUIDO KUSTEL,
Superintendent.
WILI. PURCHASE GOLD AND SILVER JBEARIN& ORES, CUPERIPEROTTS SILVER
ORES, GOLD STTLPHTTRETS, ETC., AT THE HIGHEST RATES, OR WORK
THE SAME. FOR ACCOUNT OP OWNERS.
Office, SIO Front Street, San Francisco.
4V29-6m-16p
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874.
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The highest and only prize of its claws given to any
Vertical Engine wsb awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Eo3ton, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
MAGAZINES .
Harper's
Atlantic....!
Godey
New York Ledger.. ■ .
Blackwood
Hours at Home
Good Words
Peterson 3
Arthur
Lady eFriend
Harper's Weekly....
Ohironey Corner
Literary Album. . ..
!.»'■> mlon Society.
All the Year Round ■
London 111. News —
3 00
5 00
6 00
W. E. L00MIS*
News Dealer
AND STATIONER,
3. E. corner of Sansome r.tid
Washington Btreets,
supplies ALL
Eastern Perodicals
BY THE
Tear, Month, or Nmnb
N. W. SPAULDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANTJFAOTUBER OF
SPAULDING'8
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most dn able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wot.d.
Each Saw is "Warranted in every respect;
Particular, attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT KOTIOK
At the lowest Market PrlceB.
New inventions t
Of real merit, If brought plainly before the pnbllc
when fresh, are most likely to become profitable to the
patentee. For this reason, patentees (of worthy de-
vices) should bave the best of EngravlngB Made, and
published In the Pbess. Superior Engravings Made,
at reasonable rates, by artists In this office bp-tf
JJV DKWKY A. OO.
i *ji i .-Hi Solicitor*.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. JANUARY 9, 1875.
VOLUME XAX
Number !8.
Eastern Investors in Mines.
We received a letter this week from some
people in .i town in Iudi ma, of which the fol-
lowing is an extract: "We would like to have
a map uf the \Vm*hoe or C imstock lode; also a
book or whatever is published that would en-
lighten a straoger on the ureat resources of
wealth in that region. Now whatever you
know to be of interest to young speculators in
said mining districts please m< ntion by mail or
through your journal, so we will be able to pur-
chase."
Probably the best thing to enlighten a stran-
ger of the great resources of wealth of that re-
gion would bo to go there and see it, or else
come to the mint and look at a few cords of
silver bricks. There is a great deal published
which might enlighten them about the mines,
but not much to enlighten them about how,
and when, and where to invest so as to make
money. There is considerable to tell young
speculators about the Gomstock, but as the ad-
vice they want probably relates to a stock that
is very low an 1 will surely go up very high
after they buy into it, the question is difficult
to answer, more particularly as no stock is very
low just at present. The map wouldn't be of
the slightest use in informing them about what
they want.
Evidently our stock excitement has had time
to travel across the continent, and is making
some of those E intern folks dream about large
profits with little capital and no risk. But to
those who are thinking of coming here to make
money out of mines by investing in s'ocka, our
advice is to remain at home. If they have made
up their minds to mine, the only way to do is
to couie here and buy one of the many thou-
sand mines awaiting capital for development.
There are plenty of them which can be bought
cheap. But if the intended immigrants have
only a few hundred dollars, and expect to make
a fortune out of it, they stand more chances to
lose what they have than to get richer, by in-
vesting haphazard in stocks.
Mining is a business just like anything else.
Anybody may stumble on a bunch of croppings
and strike a ledge, but to make money out of
it afterward is another thing. Dealing in stocks
is also a business, and requires much more
shrewdness to be successful than many sup-
pose. Because a man can run a plane, a lathe,
or any other tool, it does not follow that he can
jump at once into another man's business, and
do as wtll as he. It needs capital to go into
stooks like anything else, but a man's profits
are not always proportionate to his capital.
We on this coast who know anything about
mining are often provoked to laugh at the crude
ideas entertained by our Atlantic brethren on
the subject of mines. They hear about a man
having struck a ledge which assays $10,000 a
ton. Straightway they calculate that a ton
could almost fill a dumpcart, and for every
dumpcart full they would get $10,000. And as
the ledge is three feet wide, and they can get
out at least 50 tons a day, there is $500,000 a
day. When they figure up the yield for the
first 30 days it gives them about $15,000,000 on
the $lO,0U0 per ton basiB, about which time
they begin to get excited on the subject. We
all know what absurdity there is in figuring on
$10,0U0per ton assays, or even $1,000 per ton
assays, and what they amount to, but those
Eastern people hearing of onr Sharons and
Jones, et. al., think a thousand a ton isn't so
much after all.
About mining stocks they have still cruder
ideas, imagining that all a man has to do is to
put a few hundred dollars into abroker's hands,
and in a few days it comes out thousands in-
stead of hundreds. This is all very well in a
few cases, but is not by any means the rule.
The mining stock men here are quite as sharp
in their peculiar business as the Wall street men
in theirs, and Eastern speculators would prob-
ably do as badly here as our speculators would
there. No sensible man would advise people to
come here from the East to make their fortunes
in stocks. There are plenty of us Californians
who havn't made our fortune yet, and we want
our turn first.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
Wo. T.
Connection Between Tumel and Surface.
The first opening of a hydraulic mine, as we
have seen, is rather a tedious and expensive
business; however, after a connection is once
made between tunnel and surface, other nec-
essary improvements are easily accomplished.
For instnnce, the chimney represented as run-
ning up on a slope may be, if only short,
changed into a vertical shaft, or, if long, into
terraces, bo that the gravel rushing down may
be submitted to a crushing process, which a fall
of 20 feet or more will create.
Where the bed rock between terminus of
tunnel and basin is of considerable depth, a
very strong blow. The benefit of a drop of
even a few feet on the line of sluice boxes is
well known to the miner, and a repetition of
Buch drops must necessarily cause the repeti-
tion of such benefits, which consists in the
crushing, stirring up, changing of position of
the "pnlp," and the consequent liberation and
percipitation of the gold.
By the time the tunnel is reached the force
of the several falls or drops is broken, and a
leap of 30 inches lodges the ruuniug masj in
the sluice boxes.
Condensed from an article by Charlee Waldeyer, of
the last Annual Report of the U. S. Commissioner of
Mining Statistics.
A Course of Scientific Lectures.— The
Trustees of the MechaLics' Institute and the
Uuiversityof California hive arranged for a
course of twelve scientific 1 ctures to be deliv
ered in this city. The first will be delivered
Saturday evening by Dr. G. F. BecKer, on the
PIG. 8. SLOPE CUT INTO
system of terraces will be more advisable than
a vertical shaft, for the reason not only that
the sloping chimney is far more easily changed
into terraces than into a vertical shaft, but
also that the danger of blockading or choking
is greatly lessened.
The terraces ought to be constructed in such
a way that the first fall is the deepest, each suc-
cessive one lessening as the tunnel is approach-
ed, so that the last fall is not more than a com-
mon drop of two or three feet, such as may be
found on a line of sluice boxes.
The diagram given represents a slope of 100
feet vertical hight, cut into terraces.
FEET.
The first fall represents 30
The second 25
The third 20
The fourth 16
The fifth 73S
The sixth and last, into the boxes 2Jg
Total 100
Whether a vertical shaft or a slope — in other
words, a single drop of 100 feet, or a succession
of drops of the same aggregate depth, will be
preferable, is a matter open to discussion. It
seems that a succession of blows, of less force
but striking the matter to be crushed from dif-
ferent sides, must be more effective than one
TERRACES.
"Metallurgy of CommonMetals." One lecture
will be delivered on each of the following met-
als: Gold, silver, quicksilver, and steel. After
these four are delivered, Prof. Charles E.
BesBey, of the Iowa State Agricultural College,
will commence a series of four lectures upon
the "Useful Vegetable Products," and will be
followed by Prof. Brewer, of Yale College, with
a course of four lectures on coal, salt and oil.
The lectures, like those heretofore delivered,
will be free, but names must be enrolled with
the Librarian of the Institute.
The Hoosao. — The Eureka Sentinel is inform-
ed that negotiations are pending in regard to
the incorporation of the Hoosac Mining and
Smelting company, to work the mine by that
name, now the property of Harry Strout, of
Eureka, who is now in San Francisco on busi-
ness connected with such incorporation. The
property has been developed under the super-
vision of Mr. Strout; the machinery, both at
the mine and furnace, is in splendid working
order, and should such an incorporation be
made the company need not expend any money
in perfecting the works, but start imniediately
on a working basis with a fine show of success
from the start.
An eight-inch vein of cinnabar was last week
found in the bedrock in the Wolff placer mine
on Canon creek, Trinity county.
Academy of Sciences.
The annual meeting of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences waB held on Mouday evening
last. No business was transacted exempt that
of reviewing the annual reports of the tffiiers,
and the results of the election which took place
on the sime day.
The report of the Vice-President summa-
rized the more important events of the year.
The Academy has flourished, and in its new
quarters, the museum is fast becoming rich in
collections. Five members were lost by death
during the year; The first of these was H. G.
Bloomer, curator, whose library ;ind botanical
collection were purchased by thi Academy.
Then occurred the deaths of CjI. LeanJer
Ransom and Dr. Fjurgeaud, and news has ar-
rived of the demise of two corresponding mem-
bers, one of them, M. Qu-telet, and the other,
Ferdinand Stolizcska, a distinguished paleon-
tologist at Calcutta. Tne Recording Secretary,
Mr. Charles G.'Yale, had performed his duties
with unremitting faithfulness, and in view of
the very large amount of copy.ng he his to
perform, General Hewstou recommended tnat
some assistance be obtained for the mechan-
ical part of the work. Mr. Bloomer's successor,
Mr. William G. Blunt, had worked very labor-
iously since his appointment, in the arrange-
ment of the museum and the library. There
are now 20,000 specimens in the mineral
department, princip dly of oreB from California,
Nevada and Oregon. Many of them are du-
plicates, and some effort should be made to
exchange them for others. There are also 280
species of fishes, and 100 of reptiles, besides
birds and 200 different kinds of birds' eggs in
the collection. The report concluded with a
pleasant reference to the generous deeds of
James Lick &nd the distinguished services of
Prof. Davidson.
Mr. R, C. Stearns presented a report on his
labors as Corresponding Secretary.
The report of Mr. Charles G. Yale, Record-
ing Secretary, contained the following: Dur-
ing the past year the average attendance at
the meetings of the Academy has been 47 mem-
bers, the highest having been 66 and the lowest
30. Eighty-three resident members have joined
during the year, 12 life members and four cor-
responding members. Two of the resident
members have become life members. Seven
have resigned. Six have been dropped for
non-payment of dues, and the total member-
bership of the Academy now is 411. There
are 316 resident, 75 life and 20 honorary mem-
bers. Not only has there been an increase in
the average attendance, but the number of
papers read has been greater. During the year
past there were 61 papers presented, moBt of
which are published in the proceedings of the
Academy. A list of these papers is given in
the report.
Mr. Brooks' report on the financial standing
of the Academy showed that on the 1st of
January last year, there was a balance on hand
of $4,563.72. From monthly dues there was
received $2,961; and from life memberships,
$1,800. The total receipts were $10,946.47;
and the expenditures, $7,988.04; leaving on
hand, $2,958.43.
Dr. Behr's report on the library stated that
by the untiring labors of Mr. Blunt the volumes
and papers have been neatly arranged in oases
and protected from damp. There are 2,500
bound volumes and the same number of un-
bound.
Mr. Stearns reported that the proceedings of
the Academy for the year will make a volume
extending to 424 pages.
The officers elected for the ensuing year are
as follows: President, George Davidson; First
Vice-President, Henry Edwards; Second Vice-
President, Henry Gibbons, Sr.; Recording
Secretary, Charles G. Yale; Corresponding
Secretary, Henry G. Hanks; Treasurer, Elisha
Brooks; Librarian, Wm. J. Fisher; Director of
Museum, Albert Kellogg; Trustees, David D.
Colton, Geo. E.'Gray, R. E. C. Stearns, Thos.
P. Madden, Jno. Hewston, Jr., R. C. Harrison,
W. Ashburner.
The property of the Tannehill Mining com-
pany, at Eureka, has been sold to satisfy an
execution. Selden Hentzel was the purohaser,
paying $4,300.
18
MININ.G AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January g, 1875.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Arizona—The Dreary Desert Trip—The
Quahate Mines.
Not many years ago I listened to a glowing
description of the then but little known mines
in Arizona, by Christopher Carson (nephew of
the celebrated "Kit"), who asserted that, the
then hidden and undeveloped treasures that
would be found would far surpass the famed
Comstock lode. Mr. Carson (who since thart
time was billed in a quarrel at White Pine) I
thought was entitled to great consideration in
his views, as being an expert in the Indian lan-
guage and travelling among the Apaches almost
anywhere unmolested, of course his field of
observation waB more extended than that of
'any other person. Remembering his peculiar
manner of predicting the future of Arizona,
and noticing the quiet drift of emigration tend-
ing that way for the last few years, and occa-
sionally reading of some rich strike being
made, my attention has been closely drawn to
this southern country. So, being placed by an
engagement to a large mining company, at this
extreme southern town for an extended period,
I shall note down from time to time tbe min-
ing and other progress of this territory, for the
columns ot the Scientific Pbess.
At six o'clock on the morning of the eighth
of December, Gov. Safford, Lieut. Loshe and
myself left the Horton House, San Diego, en
route for this place, the Capital of the Terri-
tory. Our conveyance a Concord wagon, can-
vas top, with two seats inside and tbe driver's
outside ; drawn by four very good horses, and
the redoubtable "Brown" for our drivtr.
What Brown?
Why, our Brown, of course, The pleasant,
agreeable and noted driver, H. C. Brown —
BtriotJy temperate, always ready with a song,
and, as he says, a "hankering after bron-
cos." We had a surplus of baggage aboard,
the amount allowed to each passenger being
only forty pounds— charges for all above that,
sixty cents per pound — the fare being ninety
dollars, all in greenbacks. At two o'clock we
arrived at Kock Springs, 37 miles out, in
Lower California — Mexico. Salt and alkali
plains, with sagebrush and some mesquite.
Here we had something to eat, changed horses
and travelled on, through some very fair land,
with fine running water, to
Hill's Ranch.
Travelled 33 miles more, and by 10 p. m.
stopped a few miles from the summit of the
coast range, got a good supper, chauged horses
and drivers — exit Brown — and in 25 minutes
on we go again. What a grand mistake I made
about the weather. It is piercing cold. Gov,
Safford laughs at Lieut. Loshe and myself
for not bringing blankets, and said we were a
"verdant pair, sure enough," and wondered
"why we had brought our overcoats." We
managed to buy a single blanket and a pair of
woolen socks, and by wrapping our feet and
legs in paper and barley sacks, worried through
the night. At 7 a. m. arrived at
Cayote Wells;
30 miles more! Oh how cold and f!< epy. Sand
dunes and rocky ribbed ledges in all directions.
Get a poor breakfast, change horees and
drivers, also wagons. One of the most peculiar
ideas to me is, right here in the»midst of the
desert where the heaviest pulling is to do, we
are reduced to two horses. On we slowly go
again, after an interval of 35 minutes at the
worst substitute for a house I ever saw. Gov.
and myself walked a few miles while Lieut.
Loshe sleeps— desert everywhere, desolation
supreme. Eighteen miles more brought us to
Indian Wells
at 3 p. m. Government telegraph station.
Sand dunes piled upon each other in every
direction seemed almost endless. Change
horses, a few more miles and we are in Mexico
again. At 6 p. m. we reach New river, 15
miles farther. We partook of an awful bad
meal, everybody cross and another cold
a desert night btfore us. Seventy miles to
"Yuma. At a quaiter to 11 p.m. we got to
Gardiner's. Change horses, got four this time
so as to make a good appearance going into
town; awful dusty; get somo sleep, however;
roads smooth. About eight o'clock we struck
the Colorado river in Mexico and wiud along
up its banks and we are soon back in the
United States again. Castle Dome looms up
;ome 50 miles away where I understand some
mining is being done. Arrive at Fort Yuma
nine o'clock. Fort and barracks with govern-
ment houses situated on the hills of the west
bank of the river. Cross on a very good ferry
and roll up to the hotel on a brisk trot. One
long wide street dotted with one story adobe
houses comprise the town of
Yuma City, Arizona.
Population, about 600. Understand no mes-
gages have been received lately from deceased
soldiers for blankets. Thermometer in hotel
standing at 58° at 10 a. m., calmed our surprise
at the cessation of messages from Hades, not-
withstanding several Indians were perambul-
ating the town almost in nature's habiliments
only. Get a good square meal and Lieut.
Loshe draws on quartermaster for some of the
good things of life. Procure new driver, new
horses, four again to make a good show leaving
town, and a small wagon or buckboavd with
only two seats — they call it a jerk-water. Judge
it is rightly named from the many times we
were jumped upon our feet and bumped around
promiscuously. Gov. Safford receives con-
gratulations of friends. Get copies of Yuma
Sentinel and at 10 o'clock trot out of town and
take our course along up the Gila river. Arrive
at Gila city, a place of one house and a corral.
At 2-p. m.; 20 miles out from Yuma city, get
another square meal annd roll along 24 miles
more to
Fillibuster,
A stage station receiving its name from the
Crabbe party who went down into Sonorasome
years ago to revolutionize the government and
made this their hist camping place before en-
tering the State of Sonora, Mexico. Arrive at
7 p. m. and get a very objectionable meal.
Change horses and proceed on to Mohawk, 22
miles; night air very uncomfortable, no sleep
from the cold and rough bumping in our jerk-
water. Arrive at 12 o'clock at night. Here we
change horses and get a new driver, a wo"uld-be
Congressman — just thiok of it!
The Hon. Dave Beardsley,
Late candidate for Congress from the Territory
of Arizona, guide and director of our little two
horse jerk-water en route for Tuscon. Our
Bleepy heads were all awake with curiosi'y,
and our wearied and cramped limbs straightened
out, our bodies were erect with the dignity be-
coming the occasion for a look at the Congres-
sional features, and a shake hands with this
wonderful prodigy of the road. "We were soon
whirling along again after two of the sorriest
"plugs" -we had hitched to as yet, but the mere
idea on our imaginations of the gentleman who
was our driver exalted the horses into fiery,
prancing steeds, each one a Bucephalus.
"Tired nature's sweet restorer" overcame us
for awhile, and at 4 o'clock we halted at
Teamsters' Camp for breakfast — 16 miles more
of our wearisome journey over. The bright
rays of the morning sun warmed us into life
again, and we listened to Mr. B^ai-dsley on the
late Congressional canvass.. He was an old
friend of the Governor's, and the manner in
which he described the part he took in the can-
vass was amusing.
"Governer, I warmed them up, didn't I, de
ye see? You bet yer bottom dollar I'll make
some of them hunt their holes next time by —
de ye see? You can jest bet yer sweet life I'll
go for them like a coyote!" Nine a. m.
brought us to Stanwix station, the home of ,
King Wolsey
The great "greaser" hunter and Indian fighter.
There are some fine lands iu this portion of
Arizona. The Gila bottoms are ricb, and a
great deal of wheat and other cereals are an-
nually produced. Burk's station at 12 a. si.,
dinner, change horses and move on; the road
rocky and rough; cross some high mesas or
table lands; some very high hills, and pass the
grave of tho Oatmau family, which is in a very
pretty valley. The grave is neatly fenced in
and on a clean white board at the head of the
grave we read, "Royse Oatman and family,
murdered by the Tonto Apaches, April 19, 1851.
Erected by Lieut. H. L. Williamson, Troop K,
IstU. S.^calvary, 1871." The sad details of this
affair have been published in all the newspa-
pers of the Union.
Pass the tollhouse in twelve miles more.
For three or four miles from here the road
runs under a rocky and precipitous bluff along
the banks of the Gila, and considerable work is
required each year to keep the way passable,
so a certain toll is charged on all teams. On
to Kenyon station, eight miles; arrive at half-
past five; get a very fair meal; change
horses and drivers; bid good bye to Mr.
Beardsley and roll on to Gila Bend eighteen
miles; arrive at 11 p. m. There we fiud the
neatest adobe house we have come to so far,
kept by a Mr. Decker. Awful cold; wrap up
close and off we go for Maricopa "Wells, 45
miles distant, across the worst desert we en-
counter in Arizona, and which, by the way, I
must say is a paradise compared to the Cali-
fornia desert. I think Arizona has been Eome-
what slandered, for over the road we have trav-
eled in the Territory there has been no place
but what some vegetation grew, and the inter-
minable and desolate sand dunes of San Diego
county, California, are almost forgotten in the
relief we experience in traveling over the alkali
plains of Arizona.
On the verge of the desert on a high plateau
stands the building or buildings of the noted
Maricopa Wells,
Consisting of a series of edifices all connected
with each other — hotel, postofhce, telegraph of-
fice, stage office, store, grocery, wagon and
blacksmith shops, stables, corral, wagon .yard
and other outbuildings, all of one story adobe
and belonging to a Mr. Sloore, superintendent
and part owner of the stage line, a very hos-
pitable and pleasant gentleman, whose estim-
able wife with her kind manners and cheering
conversation made us feel perfectly at hom«,
especially the Governor, who seems to be a
favorite all along the route. After partaking of
a hearty breakfast, we get a new team, driver
and a large wagon, and in an hour from the time
we stopped we are off on the road again with
one additional passenger, Mr. George H.Tyng,
U. S. MarBhalof Arizona. Through this gen-
tleman I received some information about the
Silver Quahate Mines.
They lie 40 miles southeast of Maricopa Wells,
in t&e Quahate mountains. On the Quahate
claim they are down but a few feet, and have a
three-foot vein of rich ore, which would all
yield if worked right over $300 per ton. Their
claim lies within the 300 foot limits of the Sac-
aton, to which it runs nearly parallel,- the ore
carrying a great deal of chloride. It is now
being worked byarastras, yielding handsomely.
The
Sacaton Mine
Has a shaft 12 by 12 down 64 feet in solid
ore. True fissure vein 12 feet" wide; 1800
pounds of ore yielded 394 ounces of silver by
smelting; ores not base enough for easy smelt-
ing, but too base for easy amalgamation. The
mine is now worked by arastras, yielding over
$200 per ton. It is twelve miles to wood and
water. Besides these two mines there are sev-
eral other locations which have been pretty
well prospected, the assays running way up in
the thousands. "We pass through the Pimo
villages on the Gila, by theU. S. Indian agency
buildings, on to the Sweetwater station 25 miles ;
arrive at 4 p. m. and get dinner. Here we di-
verge from the direct route, as the mail has to
go by the way of Florence following the Gila,
which makes our journey some 40 miles longer.
"We pass through Sacaton and arrive at
Florence
At 11.P. ,m., over a very good road, 33 miles.
The change into a much better country is very
perceptible, the land since leaving Maricopa
Wells growing richer with fine grasses. Flor-
ence has as fine a fitted up store inside as any
place outside of San Francisco, also fine run-
ning streams and trees growing in all direc-
tions. Change horses and drivers for the last
time; get a very good supper; take on another
passenger, which makes six on our wagon now,
with no chance for sleep, and off we go on the
homestretch for Tuscon, 80 miles distant over
a very fine road with a good four horse team
and an excellent driver. Pass the Picacho in
the night; eat breakfast at 8 a. m. at Desert sta-
tion, and travel on a brisk trot by some fine
ranches along the Santa Cruz river, and at 12
o'clock noon on Sunday, the 13th, after being
one hundrtd and twenty-six hours on Concord
wagons and buckboards, we arrive at Tuscon,
a wearied, worn out, skepy set.
Johk E. M
Tuscon, Dec. 18, 1874.
The Empire Mine.
The Grass Valley Union speaks as follows of
the Empire mine:
This is one of the oldest quartz mines in the
district, and is, we believe, the very oldest of
any now being worked. The mine employs 80
miners at $3 per day, as wages. The cost of
sinking per foot is $12; cost of drifting, per
foot, $8, and the cost of stamping, per ton, $5.
The cost of extracting ore per ton is $8, and
milling costs $1.75 per ton. The company own
the mill. The number of tons taken out and
worked during the year is 11,000, and the aver-
age yield has been 16.75 per ton. Tbe percent-
age of sulphurets has been 2%. The total
bullion product has been $187,000. The length
of location is 2,800 feet; course of ledge north
and south, with the dip toward the west. The
length of the pay zone is 1,300 feet, with an
average thickness of 15 inches. The mine is
worked through a shaft which has a depth of
1,250 feet. There are 12 levels opened. Total
length of drifts, 7,900. Cost of hoisting works,
$40,000. Steam power is used,' and the mill
haB 20 stamps, which weigh 900 pounds each.
Each stamp drops 72 times in a minute, and
the hight of the drop is nine inches. Number
of pans, four; number of concentrators, ten.
The cost of the mill was $40,000, and its capac-
ity is 40 tons for every 24 hours. The sulphur-
ets are treated by the chlorination process.
The empire is owned by -an incorporated
company, whose principal place of business is
at San Francisco. Mr. David Watt is Super-
intendent, and, Mr. James Benalleck is the
underground foreman.
The New " C. and C. Shaft."
"We yesterday visited, says the Enterprise, the
spot where the new Calif ornia and Consolidated
Virginia shaft is being sunk, 1040 feet east of
the present main shaft of the Consolidated Vir-
ginia Mining company. This shaft will be
known as the C. and C. Bhaft. It is situated a
short distance northwest of the works
of the Virginia City gas company. "We
were surprised at the progress that has already
been made on the shaft and at the life and
bustle already visible in its vicinity. The
shaft is larger than the shaft ^.t the present
Consolidated Virginia hoisting works, and is;
already down a distance of twenty-six feet. It I
is being substantially timbered from the top,
and quite a strong force of carpenters is now
on the ground. A small frame building now
covers the shaft, but there is in process of erec-
tion over this a new building which will be 40x
70 feet in size. In this new building will short-
ly be set up a donkey engine to be used in.
hoisting from the shaft. Eventually, when the
shaft shall have attained a depth beyond
the power of the donkey engine, there will be
set up new and powerful hoisting machinery,
and a new and oommodious building will take,
the place of tbe temporary structure now about
to bfi erected. Some of the carpenters are en-
gaged in the erection of the temporary build-
ing, some in framing timbers for its interior!
works and others in cutting and fitting the tim-'
bers ' used in the shaft. Already there is
enough lumber and timber of various kinds on
the ground to answer as the' start for a first-
class lumber yard. As yet the shaft is in a
gravel formation; ho bed rock has been reached.
The location is a fine one for such a shaft, as
the ground is smooth and comparatively level
iu all directions about it for a great distance.:
Just north of the shaft is a smalj ravine, but
this will soon be filled up to the general level
with the dirt and rock hoisted from the shaft.
When they begin working the great bonanza
through this shaft it will be quite a lively place.
In anticipation of this there has already been
a considerable rise in property in the neigh-
borhood. From $400 to $500 is the price now.
asked for lots which might have been purchased]
for $100 a fortnight or two since. Already new
frame buildings are to be seen going up in vari-l
ous directions, and the indications are that in.i
another year or two Chinatown will again be;
absorbed, and that it will again be necessary to
call upon the Celestials to pack their traps,1
pull tip stakes and build themselves a newi
town farther out in the country; probably some
where down on Six-mile canyon. In this new
departure to the eastward by the Calif ornia and
Consolidated Virginia companies, other com-
panies will follow at no distant day, and in a
few years there will be seen numerous shafts
and hoisting works extending north and south
on a line with the ((C. and C."
Placers in Nevada. — A gentleman who has
been prospecting in Island Mountain' district
writes as follows to the Elko Independent;
I toolj a pick and shovel and started to work
in Brown and Norton's claim at the head of the
tailrace, where it is about five feet to the -pay
ground, of which there are three feet next to
the bed-rock, and out of ten buckets of this, B.
washed $5, which of course astonished me. I
also went some 30 or 40 feet from this toward
the side-hill and washed 10 buckets more,
taking out the sum of $2. This satisfied me
beyond a doubt that the ground was exceedingly
rich and would pay from $25 to $50 per day to
the man. I spent the balance of the day in
panning out, and found that two bits to the
pan was a common prospect, sometimes rang-
ing as high as $1. I did not confine my pros-
pects to one claim; I panned out some six or
seven pans in Judd's olaim, which verified the
result of the other claims, and so on up to the
summit of the mountain. I would just as soon
have a claim of 20 acres in Hope Gulch as
$20,000 on deposit in Freeman & Co.'s bank.
The miners of this place are satisfied with their
claims, and don't care to sell. The water
ditch is complete to the company's claims, and
their hydraulic is set and ready to wash down
the large bank of gravel on the bench from the
creek. "When they get it in full blast they will
certainly take out large quantities of gold
dust.
Covered or the NuGGET.^The San Juan
(Nevada Co.) TYmessays: Acoupleof men, one
of them a sailor and the other a blacksmith,,
were working in a certain mine situated not fan
from San Juan, a few days ago, being engagedj
in piping against a bank of solid gravel. Theyf
were working about 30 or 40 feet distant from
each other. While thus engaged, each having;
his eyes directed towards the bank very intent-
ly anticipating a cave, discovered at the samei
moment something peeping out of the bank
which looked to them like a chunk of solid
gold. Each dropped his piping apparatus
and started toword tno bank to secure the prize,
but before they reached it a cave came and
covered up their treasure. The adage of the*
fox and the g' apes will apply to the incident.
The fellows are working like Trojans night and
day to unearth the chunk of gold.
Beaver District — A correspondent of the
Salt Lake Tribune says: Joseph Smith and
others have made arrangements to immediately
erect a thirty-ton furnace at a large spring, near
Minersville, where an abundance of ores cam
be obtained to keep it going. The cry is send
us a railroad to haul the bullion away, and the
ores too, for in the range adjoining Lincoln'
district has been found large quantities of mill-
ing ore, which, as soon as a railroad makes its
appearance, will be shipped forthwith, to some
good and reliable mill or mint, there to bei
crushed into trade dollars. The whole miningi
interests in and near Beaver, and for 50 miles
around, are looking up. Every day I heat
good news from the miners in Star. Beaver
Lake District will also shortly be placed on the
list as good, and now is the time to invest.
The Eagle mill started Up last Thursday,
says the Silver State, and the machinery ran1
smooth as oil. The capacity of the mill is 181
tons per day. A drift is being run on the
ledge from the bottom of the shaft 130 feet
from the surface. Two shifts are employed ini
sinking the shaft and two more in running the>
drift, which is now in 60 feet from - the shaft.:
The ledge is from three to four feet wide the
whole length of the drift.
Village Belle.— The Village Belle in:
Unionville continues to excite the good people'
of that town. The ledge is located on a steep
hillside, and a tunnel has been run on the
ledge 50 feet into the hill. A cross drift from
the end of the tunnel 24 feet long has not
reached the foot wall. This 24 feet is in vein:
matter, principally decomposed quartz, all oi
which assays well in gold and Bilver,— Silver
State.
January g, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
19
ECHANICAL
Progress.
Economic Use of Fuel.
The following interesting summary is from
an address recently delivered before the Eoyaj
School of Mines, at Berlin, by G. F. Becker :
The progress in the economical consumption
of fuel in the last fifty years has been enor-
mous, and has been effected in great part by
metallurgists; and here again we find the
Heirntitic men taking the lead. In the econ-
omical application of the heat developed by
foel, the Bessemer process is enormously effec-
tive, not more than ten pounds of coal being
requisite for the production of a hundred
weight of steel from pig iron by this method,
while in the older process, still in use for fine
qualities ot steel, two hundred aud fifty pounds
are nneded. Siemens, by making the bent
which would escape through the chimney of an
ordinary furnace warm the fuel aud the air
necessary to combustion, obtains an economy
of two-thirds the weight of fuel. It was Faber
dii Faur, an accomplished Bavarian metallur-
gist, who first made practical use of the gases
which formerly escaped in immense quantities
from the tops of blast furnaces and the enor-
mous -blast engines, the hoisting engines,
pumpfl and hot blast stoves, even the roastiog
kilns of such establishments now-a-days re-
quire no fuel except this long-neglected waste
product. Bischof, another German engineer
and metallulgieal author was the first to pro-
duce gas artificially for smelting purposes, and
this was certaiuly one of the greatest advances
ever made in our art. By first turning it into
gas, fuel can be much mors perfectly consume d
than in the solid form, aud hence can be made
to give us, as in the Siemens furnace, iu which
only gas is used, a much higher temperature
than is practically attained by the combustion
of coal in the ordinary way, but perhaps" the
greatest advantage of gas is that substances, in
general scarcely regarded as fuel at all, can be
employed for the production of gas with the
most brilliant results, a mutter of the greatest
importance,- especially in a region destitute of
true coal, like California. Lundin, a noted
and thoroughly educated Swedish metallurgist,
has taught us how to produce gas from wet saw-
dust, entirely without preparation, of such
power that wrought iron may be melted with
it, and the great difficulty is to find any mate-
rial infusible enough to answer as a lining in
the furnaces where it is consumed. You will
receive some idea of the importance of these
improvements from the fact that the economy
in fuel effected in Bngland alone in the year
1872, as compared with 1871, by the progress
made in the introduction of more perfect ap-
paratus, represented more than four millions of
ions of coal.
Glass For Veneering, Paneling, Etc.
An — ;rt„ i,oa oirA(uiv been made in these col-
umns to the use of glass for lining of tanks,
etc., and to take the place of the ordinary en-
amel on iron— a method for the practical ac-
complishment of which has been devised and
patented. The great object to be gained by
this is a surface easily cleansed, aud the possi-
bilityjDf perfect cleanliness — as for fermen.ing
vats, etc. It also offers a Bolution to the lead
poisoning difficulty.
Itmay also be.used for veneering and decora-
ting purposes, in many cases with very good
effect. Designs might be colored and placed
under glass and so preserved from fading and
wearing.
Another good suggestion has been made by a
writer in the Loudon Builder that thick glass
might be easily and cheaply cemented to the
■walls of hospitals, etc. It would be non-
labsorbent, imperishable, easily cleaned, read-
lily repaired if damaged by accident, aud, un-
like paper and paint, would always be as good
as at first. Glass can be cut or bent to conform
to any required shape. If desired, the plates
may be colored any cheerful tint. The non-
absorbent quality is the most important for
hospitals and prisons, and, we should think,
is worthy the consideration of architects. '
New Engraving Process. — M. de la Grye re-
ports a new process in engraving on copper. It
consists, says the Scientific American, in first
covering the plate with' a thin coating of adhe-
rent silver, which is in turn covered with col-
■ored varnish. The lines are then drawn with a
■sharp point, after the fashion of using a dia-
imond for stone engraving, and subsequently
feunk into the plate by means of the action of
■Iperchloride of iron.
I Imitation Patents. — The practice of patent-
ing imitations of articles of standard excellence
lis growing in favor in the United States. A
(patent lately granted is for producing an imita-
jltion of Kussian sheet iron. This is done by
■hammering the sheet between anvils and ham-
Bxners that have indented surfaces, so as to give
fjthe sheet a mottled appearance. Another
patent is for an imitation Swiss window shade,
in which the lace work is imitated by stencils.
1 Improving River Navigation. — An appro-
priation was granted by the last Congress, fur-
nishing $40,000 for improving the .navigation
af the Ohio, near Pittsburg. It is expected
that this appropriation will test the efficiency
if the system of the improvement of rivers by
the erection of dams.
Cutting Steel Rails Cold.
The cutting of a file in halves with soft iron
is an old lecture experiment. The soft iron
forms a disc about six inches in diameter, is
mounted on a lathe spindle, and run at absut
2,000 revolutions per minute, A file held to
the edge of the disc is cut in two in about ten
or fifteen secouds, the disc being unharmed.
The shower of sparks reuders this a brilliant
experiment, very popular with a general au-
dience. The principle involved is now being
applied for a practical purpose. Mr. Charles
White, manager, Sir J. Brown A* Co.'s Works,
Sheffield, England, has found the cost of cut-
ting off the ends of steel rails cold in the or-
dinary way so enormous that ho resolved to
try ano'her experiment. For experiment, he
had au ordinary rail saw put in the lathe aud all
the teeth cut off. The revolving disc was then
mounted on a spindle aud driven at nearly
3,000 revolutions a minute. This disc was 3
feet in (Htimeter, so that its circumferential ve-
locity was about 27,000 feet, or over five miles
a minute, or over 800 miles an hour. Steel
rails forced against the edge of this disc were
easily cut through in three or four minutes
each. The rails weighed 65 pounds to the
yard. Sparks flew in abundance, and the disc
appeared to melt the rail before it; but after
cutting five rails the disc itself was not sensibly
warm. The experiment was such a complete
success that (he firm intend putting up a very
powerful saw for the purpose of catting cold
steel rails j — Ironmonger.
Saws of this kind and for the purposes sim-
ilar to those nimed were iu operation at two
steel works in Pittsburg, Pa., before the ex-
periments at Sheffield were made public. The
application is no doubt a very important and
valuable one.
Bronzks Incrustes. — This is the name given
to a new style of bronze or copper work orna
mented with gold and silver and manufactured
in Paris. The ornamentation is produced by
etching and electroplating, and consists in the
following operations: After the object which
may be of massive copper or bronze, has re-
ceived the desired form; the drawings are made
with water colors, the body of which is white
lead. If several pieces are to have the same
des-ign, it may be printed on as in porcelain
aud fayence painting. Those portions of the
surface not painted are covered with varnish.
The article is then placed in dilute nitric acid
where the paint is dissolved off and the surface
of the metal is etched to a certain depth
When the etching is finished the article is
washed with water and immediately placed in
a silver or gold bath, and a layer of the pre-
cious metal deposited by electricity on the ex-
posed portions. When the latter operation is
finished the varnish is perfectly removed and
the whole surface ground or polished 60 that
the ornamental portion is just even with the
remainder ot me suriace. xiio uontoura nro
quite sharp. The surface is then bronzed which
does not change the color of the gold or silver.
A specially fiue effect is obtained by producing
a black Bronze of sulpburet of copper on por-
tions of the surface between the silver orna-
ments. A copper vessel then has three colors,
black and white drawings on a red brown
ground of suboxide of copper. This new
process for ornamenting metats has been de-
vised at Christofle's works since the Paris ex-
position of 1867. These goods are so expensive
as to be only accessible to the few, although
much cheaper than those in which the engrav-
ing is done by hand, and the gold or silver in-
serted by mechanical means. The production
of an incrustation requires a high degree of
manual skill and patience, but no costly ma-
chinery. Every brass foundry contains all
the necessary tools for the mechanical opera-
tions.
A New Shell. — Various experiments have
been made by a War Committee on explosives,
with a view of ascertaining the practical effect
of Professor Abel's proposed plan for the
bursting of common shells filled with water, by
means of a detonator, consisting of dry com-
pressed-gun-cotton enveloping a small cap of ful-
minate of mercury. Some morbus ago the practi-
cabilityof exploding 16-lb common shells inthis
manner was satisfactorily established, and the
result of such an arrangement was the bursting
of a shell into 300 fragments, whereas only
about thirty pieces were producad by the ex-
plosion of an ordinary bursting charge of gun-
powder. The effect of such an explosion
among troops in the field could not be other-
wise than disastrous in the. extreme. Lately,
however, experiments have been made with
9-ineh common shells, which far exceed in ef-
fect that of any conducted with the field service
common shell. On this occasion the bursting
element employed was wet gun-cotton in lieu
of water. The result was extraordinary, the
shells bursting literally into thousands of
pieces.
Improvement in Map Making.— Lloyd, the
famous map man, who made all the maps for
General Grant and the Union army, has in-
vented a way of getting a relief plate from
steel so as* to print a map 40x50 inches in size
on a fast working power press. This will so
much cheapen the price of map-maknig as to
enable him to furnish an unmounted map of
the above size on bank note paper, plain and
unvarnished for 10 cents, or 25 cents colored
and varnished.
The Vacuum an Absolute Non-Conductor
of Electricity.
We condense the following from the Scientific
American: "The passage of electricity through
rarefied air constitutes a well known experi-
ment in the lecture room of physical science.
The oldest style of performing it is to attach,
by means of a stopcock connection, a long
glass tube to the air pump, ench end of the
tube being provided with brass caps. The
electrieity may be made to flow through its in-
terior as soon as the exhaustion of the air ha-^
proceeded to a certain extent; then a most
beautiful exhibition is produced in the dark,
resembling the aurora borealis; hence such a
tube is culled an aurora tube, and the aurora
borealis has been ascribed to a discharge of
electricity from the polar regions to the equa-
tor, through the stratum of rarefied air above
the clouds.
Experiments prove that electricity is retained
on the surface of bodies by the presence of the
atmosphere, which iB an isolating substance;
and that when its pressure decreases, the
escape of electricity becomes easier; while, in
a good vacuum, the resistance to escape be-
comes zero, and the electricity flows off and
caunot be retained at all. This has for a long
time been tho accepted theory, and is still
taught in most text books on physics, and is
believed in by most electricians; but that it is
an error was proved by Becquerel, Hawksbee,
Gray aud Snow Harris, as they showed that
even the weakest electric discharges could be
retained in vacuo. Be*eque"rel even went so
far as to show that the charge was retained for
15 days, provided that the vacuum was so per-
fect as to be equal to a mercurial pressure of
the twenty-fifth part of an inch; and he con-
cluded that, in a perfect vacuum, the body
would retain the charge for ever; in other words
that electricity could not be transmitted through
an absolute vacuum.
Du Moncel, in his lately published French
work on the Ruhuikorff coil, gives an account
of his experiments in passing a powerful elec-
tric current through a tube in which the air
was being more and more rarefied, and states
that, when the vacuum was made very nearly
perfect by the continued operation of a good
air- pump, the passage of electricity through
the tube continually diminished; so that at
last, when the pressure had decreased to less
than a half millimeter (one-fiftieth of an inch)
the light had almost disappeared, while tests
proved that very little electricity passed; when,
however, a little air was gradually admitted
into the tube, the electric current was re-estab-
lished, and the light appeared again.
Gassiot was the first who attempted to make
an absolute vacuum, deprived of all traces of
air or gas. He produced a vacuum much
more perfect than any one ever did before;
while hia manner ol procedure allowed the ex-
periment to be extended over several days, and
even weeks. When the vacuum had been
made with the air pump on carbonic acid, an
electric discharge, which, iu the air, would not
pass over a distance of half an inch, traversed
20 inches with the greatest ease. In propor-
tion as the vacuum became more perfect by
the absorption of the carbonic acid, the dis-
charge tended to fill the tube with a more and
more pale luminous vapor. The vacuum be-
coming more perfect in the course of several
days, the luminosity became confined to the
sides, where the platinum wires, which con-
ducted the electricity, entered into the vacuum
and a certain space, half way, became dark,
and this darkness extended itself, so that, in a
tube of 20 inches length, it occupied nearly 10
inches* When a galvanometer was placed in
the circuit, it indicated that there was no
longer a constant discharge as before, but oc-
casionally alternate discharges; when also the
tube showed light flashes, and the so-called
stratification of the light. When at last the
absorption went on, and formed a perfect
vacuum, perfect darkness was obtained in tbe
tube, and no trace of light showed itself, even
with strong electric charges, while neither the
galvanometer nor an ordinary vacuum tube,
when introduced into the circuit, would mani-
fest a trace of any current. From nil this, it is
therefore evident that it is practically demon-
strated that the absolute vacuum is not only a
non-conductor, but that it is absolutely im-
penetrable by electric discharges.
Singular Cause of Boilee Explosion. — The
tube of a boiler recently exploded in a
foundry at Liege, Belgium, was caused, as
shown on examination by the corrosive
action of ferrous sulphate and sulphuric
acid, derived from the sulphur iu the coal fuel.
This discovery strangely points to the necessity
of carefully and frequently cleaning the for-
ward portion of the boiler tubes, and other
parts which do not come in direct contact with
the flame.
The Magic Lantern in Disease. — Dr. Bal-
mano, a London surgeon, has successfully ap-
plied the magic lantern to the study of diseases
of the skin. A transparent photograph of the
skin is taken and then placed in a magic
lantern. A strong hydro-oxygen light casts the
picture enlarged on a white sheet, and in this
way the smallest details are brought out with
astonishing minuteness.
The Mysteries of the Human Throat.
Dr. Frederick Fieber, of Vienna, like the
little boy with his drum, not content with en-
joying the melody of Madam Pauline Lucca,
has made a close scrutiny of the throat whence
the sweet sounds issue, and publishes the re-
sult of his investigations. The mechanical
apparatus which is the instrument of tho men-
ial faculty, appears, iu Madame Lucca's case,
to be beautifully perfect, the result to some ex-
tent, perhaps of congenita fitness,' but also
doubtless, partly of the s.-ientific training to
which the artiste hus been subjected in early
youth. Examined under the laryngoscope, the
larynx appears small and well shaped, its sev-
eral parts beiug marvelously developed and
perfect. The true strings are pure snow white
and po-sess none of the bluish tinge common
among women. Altbough shorter tbau usual
among vocalists they are btronger in proportion
and amply provided with muscle. When at
rest they are pirtially screened by the false
strings; but Dr. Feber, who watched Madame
Lucca's throat through his instrument whilst
she was singing, noticed that as sojn as a tone
was struck, they displayed themselves in their
full breadth and strength. Tbe aid given by a
suitable form of mouth to the production of
vocal music is a novel and interesting point
brought out by Dr. Fieber. On being admitted
lo a view of the arti-te's mouth he was at once
struck with the spaciousness and symmetry of
its hollow, the otherwise perfect symmetry being
impaired only by the absence of a tonsil, which
had been removed, as well as with the vigor
with which every tone produced raised the "sail"
of he palate. Dr. Fieber is of opinion that the
natural conformation of her nioutu accounts in a
large measure for the wonderful power Madame
Lucca possesses of raising and dropping her
voice alternately. The sound waves are natu-
rally strengthened in so favorably shaped a
space, while the muscles of the palate appeared
to have acquired exceptional strength and pli-
ability by long practice.
Metallic Sulphides. — The reactions of sul-
phuretted hydrogen upon metallic salts are very
different and often much opposed, according to
the nature of the bases of tbe acids, and fiually
of the concentration of the solutions. Sulphu-
retted hydrogen precipitates weak solutions of
ljad, of copper, of mercury and silver; and
this precipitation so often utilized in analysis
is always accompanied by a disengagement of
heat. A number of experiments show that a
solution of sulphuretted hydrogen changes the
chloride of silver and the bromide of silver into
the sulphides. It has also been proved tiut the
contrary reactions can be realized. In other
terms the sulphuretted hydrogen decomposes ■
the chlorides of lead, of copper, and of mercury
in weak solutions, whilst hydrochloric acid
ought to decompose in an inverse sense the
corresponding sulphides. It is the decompos-
ing action of the water upon the neutral salt
which is the origin of the observed absorption
of heat. Sulphurelted hydrogen ought
not, in principle, to decomptsi any salt of
manganese. However, sulphuretted hydro-
gen attacks, in truth the acetate of manganese,
with a sensible precipitatiou of sulphide of
manganese and also with the absorption of heat.
Action of Magnets on Spectra. — An im-
portant fact has been noticed by M. Choquart
of the French Academy of Science-, wbich may
seriously interfere with many of the conclusions
heretofore drawn from the appearauce of the
spectra of the heavenly bodies. M. Choquart
states that the effect of magnetic influence on
the. spectra of the flames o'f sulphur and
silenium is to cause them to pale and finally
to become quite extinguished. On the other
hand the same influence multiplies the rays
and renders more brilliant the spectra of clo-
rine and bromine. The effect, says the Investi-
gator, is so rapid as to seem magical. The re-
sult of these discoveries is to render the
deductions from the spectra of the heavenly
bodies only to be accepted-with great caution,
as they virtually introduce a new element to be
considered in drawing conclusions from the
aspect of the same.
An Experiment with Silver, — Bcetfger offers
the following experiment to show the formation
of binoxide of silver and metallic silver by
electrolysis. A concentrated solution of nitrate
of silver is placed in a wide glass cylinder, and
two platinum wires, forming the poles of a gal-
vanic battery, are placed in the solution in a
vertical position, about three inches apart.
Beneath the anode is placed a small watch giass,
and the current from two Bunsel cells started.
In a few minutes brilliant needles of binoxide
of silver appear on the anode, and becoming
too heavy to remain unsupported, fall on the
watch glass beneath. On the cathode" an
equivalent quantity of pure metallic silver col-
lects in snow-white dendritic ramifications.
Fatty Matters in Cast Iron. — An experi-
ment made long ago by Proust revealed the fact
that fatty matters can be extracted from cast
iron when the latter is dissolved in certain
acids. M. Cloez has recently separated these
materials in a pure state, and their analysis re-
veals the interesting fact that they consist of
carburets of hydrogen of the series Q2nTl2a ,
and present all the terms thereof at least from
C6 H6 —propylene— to C16H]6. This is a veri-
table organic synthesis, realized by the aid of
substances purely mineral, and is susceptible
consequently of important applications. In
the Science Record for 1873 will be found an
account of the extraction of similar matters
from meteoric iron.
20
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 9, 1875.
Mining Stocks.
Mining stocks continue "booming." The
■whole town seems in a state of excitement and
nothing is heard but ore, drifts, levels bo-
nanza and other mining terms. Everybody
talks stocks, and reads stocks, and there seems
to be no other topic of interest at present.
Cash sales are the rule, and the margin buy-
ers have taken a back seat or are content with
fewer shares and smaller profits. Our stock
tables in this column show the prices of
all the) stocks, some of which are almost fabu-
lous, compared to their value a year since.
The great bonanza on the Gomstock is the
talk of the country or city, and is said to be
still spreading to the eastward. Prospecting
has been stimulated around the Gomstock to
a great degree, and claims are being locate d on
the mineral belt in all directions. The En-
terprise says: In all direotions along the Gom-
stock and in the silver belt the utmost Ac-
tivity prevails. Not only is work being most
vigorously prosecuted on the old claims, but
much work is beginning to be done on new
locations. It has now come to be the pretty
generally received opinion — the suggestion was
made by us a short time since — and that a certain
belt of country is silver-bearing that it makes
but little difference whether or not quartz is
found on tbe surface so long as the location is
favorable and the rock shows certain charac-
teristics. This metalliferous belt is pretty
strongly marked on the surface— the hills and
the ground being of a yellowish or reddish
tinge, very different from the dead hue seen in
hills where the underlying rock is pure granite
or other barren country rock. Below Gold Hill
all the prospecting companies are very active,
and all have new ideas of the strength and
capacity of our silver range. When day after
day they are driving ahead in the Consolidated
Virginia without passing through their ore
body the most experienced miners, experts,
scientists, and all who know anything whatever
of ores and mines are astounded. At once
their ideas of the value of a location anywhere
within the miner al belt go up at least one hun-
dred per cent., and they do not feel like call-
ing any mine "wildcat." Three months hence
the mining excitement will not be confined so
exclusively to tbe north end of the lead as it is
at present. There will be developments mad<
that will cause it to spread to the southward.
The Moore & Morgan, on the Comstock, is a
newly located mine, situated at the bead of
Comstock ravine, near the Europa mine, and
some five thousand ft south of the Consoli-
dated "Virginia. The croppings at the surface
look very favorable, and as if it would not re-
quire any great depth to find pay ore at that
point. The locators are energetic men, with
plenty of capital.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals. 1
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied*. Delinq'nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business
American Flag M & M Co Ely District
American Flat M Co Wasboe
Andes S M Co Washoe
Arizona <fc Utah M Co Washoe
Arizona S M Co Unionville Nevada
Baltimore Cons M Co Washoe
Bellevue M C" Placer Co Oal
Bowery Cons M Co Ely District
Buckeye GiSMOo
ChariotMill & M Co
Cherry Creek MiMCo
Chollar-Potosi M Co
Danev M Co
Empire Mill & M Co
Era Dire M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Globe M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Ida Elmore M Co
Tmpenal S M Co
Indus G&SMCo
Justice M Co
Kentuck M Co
Knickerbocker M Co
Lady Bryan M Co
Lady WashioEton M Co
MahoncayC ASMCo
Mint G & S M Co
MoDito>-_Belm"nt M Co
New York Con*; M Co
Original G-ld Hill GiSMCo u'ashoe
Original Hidden Treasure White Pine
Overman S M Co
Page Tunnel Co
Pioche S M Co
Pioche w est Ex M Co
Poorman G 4 S M Co
Raymond & Ely M o
Rock Island 0 A, S M Co
Red Jacket M Co
Snvage M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Silver Cord M Co
South Chariot M Co
Thrift G & S M Co
Tyler M Co
Nevada
San Diego Co
Nevada
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Wiishoe
Nevada
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Nevada
Washoe
Washoe
Utah
Ely District
Ely District
Idaho
Ely Distriot
Wasboe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Idaho
Calaveras Co Cal
Washoe
Utah S M Co Washoe
War Eagle M Co Idaho
Washington & Creole M Co Ely Dist
Watson M Co Robinson Dist > evada
Wnodville GASM Co Washoe
Yellow Jacket S M Co Washoe
Yule Gravel M Co Placer Co Cal
50 Nov 10
1 00 Dec 7
50 Dec 7
75 Dec 10
1 00 Nov 30
1 00 Dec 5
50 Dec 10
20 Dec 15
1 00 Nov 14
50 Dec 24
15 Nov 10
5 00 Nov U
1 00 Oct 27
50 Dec 28
1 00 Nov 10
75 Dec 10
75 Dec 10
1 50 Jau4
1 00 Nov 16
1 00 Nov 26
25 Dec 30
3 00 Nov 13
1 0(1 Dec 3
1 50 Dec 28
50 Nov 11
30 Dec 17
2 00 Jan 5
10 Nov 17
50 Nov 10
50 Dec 5
50 Dec 12
I 00 Oct 12
3 00 Dec 1
5 Dec 12
- Dec II
30 Dec 28
50 Nov 13
3 00 Nov 3
1 00 Nov 16
SO Nov 28
5 00 Dec 5
3 00 Dec 1
1 00 Jan 2
50 Nov 5
50 Nov 24
50 Nov iy
1 00 Nov 25
1 00 Nov 9
50 Dec 8
1 00 Nov 16
1 I'O Nov 9
5 00 Dec 10
10 Nov 9
Deo 14
Jan 9
Jan 11
Jan 14
Jan 8
Jan 8
Jan 14
Jan 25
Dec 18
Jan 23
Deo 14
Deo 18
Dec 4
Jan 29
Dec 10
Jan 14
Jan It
FebS
Dec 21
Deo 29
Jan 30
Dec 15
Jan 5
Jan 30
Deo 16
Jan 21
Feb 11
Deo 22
Dec 14
Jan 6
Jan 14
Dee 11
Jan 5
Jan 20
J*n 21
Feb 3
Dec 18
Dec 10
Dec 21
Jan 5
Jan 1
Jan 5
Feb 5
Dec 11
Deo 26
Jan 21
Dec 30
Deo 16
JanU
Dec 21
Dec 14
Jan 13
Dec 1 i
Jan II
Jan 27
Feb 1
Feb 2
Jan 29
Jan 29
Feb 4
Feb 28
Jan 7
Feb 13
Jan 7
Jan 7
Deo 38
Feb 18
Jan 4
Feb 2
Feb 2
Fpb28
Jan 12
Jan 19
Feb 18
Jan 15
Jan 28
Feb i9
Jan II
Feb 8
Mar 4
Jan 15
Jan 4
Jan 25
Febl
Ja'i7
Jim 26
Feb 20
Feb 16
Feb 25
Jan 11
Jan 7
Jan 12
Jan 26
Jan 27
Jan 26
Feb 26
Jan 5
Jan 16
Feb 12
Jan 20
J n6
Feb 4
Jan 13
. T , i n 5
Feb 13
Jan 5
G R Spinney
C A Sankey
M Landers
J Maguire
Wna Willis
D T Bagley
DFVe/denal
CE Elliott
C A Sankey
V Swift '
D F Verdenal
W E Dean
G R Srjinney
W E Dean
Willi m Willis
J Maguire
J MagQiro
L Kaplan
Willia Willis
W E Dean
D Wilder
J S Kennedy
F Swilt
H Boyle
F Swift
H C Kibbe
O B Higgins
D A Je 'mugs
W W Hopkins
H C Kibbe
W M Helraan Fi
DA Jennings
G D Edwards
J Ha dy
O E Elliott
T L Kimb ill
William Willis
T •' Colburn
J W Clark
Wm Willis
E B Holmes
G D Edwards
Frank Swift
O H Bugart
H R West
O D Squire
W E Dean
L Ka Ian
F D Clear?
W H Watson
W M He I man
G W Hopkins
W H Watson
320 California st
331 Montgomery st
507 Montgomery st
419 C lifornin st
419 California st
401 California -t
409 California at
419 f'alifon ia st
331 Montgome-y st
419 California at
409 California st
419 California st
320 California st
414 Ca ifornia st
419 California st
419 Calif tfrniast
419 California si
Merchants' Ex
419 'alifornia st
419 Cali'ornia st
Mi rohan-s' Ex
Merchants1 Ex
419 California st
Stevenson's Bldg
419 t'a'iforniasi
419 California st
402 Montgomerv st
401 California st
411'*. C ■lifomiast
419 California st
reman's Fund BMg
401- California si
414 California st
418 California st
419 ' 'alifornia st
4l'9Cilifomiast
419 Cali'ornia st
418 California st
4)8 California st
419 Calif omiast
419 Calif orniflMt
414 California st
419 California st
402 M'jnlcomery st
240 Montgomery st
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
401 California st
Merchants' Ex
302 Montgomery st
401 California si
Gold Hill
302 Montgomery st
INING lUMMARY.
The following Is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in the interior.in proximity to the mineB mentioned.
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Baltic Cons M Oo
Calaveras Hydraulic M Co
Combination G & S M Co
Con Reforma LASMOo
Edith Quicksilver M Co
Enterp ise Cons M Co
Florence M Co
"MCi
Last Week.
Wednesday, Deoembee 30.
mobning session.
750 Alpha 37M@#
90 ....b30 40@3
805 Belcher i....Sffi&b&6
6765 B* B 60>'^
525 ....b 5 61
50 ....b30
615 Chollar 8\_-
1707 Crown Pt.... 48® 0
340 CG Hill 7@7J4
560 Confidence 44@45
645 Con Vir 560@i>70
20 ....b 30 580
670 California 460@48l
10 ....b 30 49*1
730 D.ney 2,Vr&'-
860 Empire M lmuk
20SO GiC 52@4;
380 HAN 66@6S
510 Kentuck 22&@23
.50 ....b30 lVi'
1920 Imperial 1!„
60 ...b30 ia'c
2215 Mexican .\V^i->
10U ,...b30 4ii<i-!l
920 Ophir 1950)188
100 ....b30 192,'b
300 ....b5 190@19.-f
59i Savage . . .l^-iX.fVS
1260 S Nev....: "".:<;.;.■
20 ....b30 ...81
465 Y Jacket....
50 ....b30
This Week.
Thtjbsdat, January 7.
RoldMtGMOo
Gold Run M Co
Golden Rule S MCo
Hayes G A sM Co-
Illinois Central M Co
Juniata n<>ns S M Co
Kennedy M Co
Wasboe
Cal
Panamint
Lower Oal
Cal
Cal
Humboldt Co Cal
Washoe
Holcomb Valley *
Nevada Co Cal
Utah
Robinson r>ist
Idaho
Aurora Nev
Amador Co Cal
Keystone No 1 & 2 M Co Arizona
Lake Taho* A SF Water Works Cal 6
Martin & Walling M & M Co Cal 1
New York MOo Washoe 11
North Bloomfield Gravel M Co Cal 35
North Fork M Co Plumas Co Cal 7
Oneida H Co Amador Co Cal 10
Rattlesnake Quicksilver M Co Cal 2
South Pork M & Canal Oo Cal
Star Ki"gS MCo Elko Co Nevada 9
Succor MAMCo Washoe 10
Wells. Fargo & Co M Co Washoe I
Yarborough S M Co Kern Co Cal 6
15 Nov 18
5 Dpc7
10 Dec 28
50 Dec 24
20 Dec 23
12^Dec 26
10 Dec 5
] 00 Dp c 29
50 Nov 19
20 Dec 7
5 Dec8
2<» Jan 4
30 Dec 24
1 00 Dec 16
1 00 Dec 16
1 00 Dec 12
25 Nov 18
50 Dec 7
50 Dec 5
1 00 Dec 1
75 Dec 5
1 00 Dec 11
1 25 Dec 24
5 Dec 7
2-5 Deo 4
1 00 Nov 27
Deo 21
30 Dbc 23
Dec 23
Jan 9
Feb 1
Jan 30
F<-b 3
Feb 6
Jan 8
Feb 2
Jan 11
Jan 15
Feb 12
Jan 30
Jan 21
Jan 20
Jan 12
Dec 23
Jan 8
Jan 6
Jan 4
Jan 4
Jan 16
Jan 28
Jan 10
Jan 8
Jan 4
Jan HO
Jan 30
Jan 20
Jan 25
Feb 23
Feb 20
Feb 23
Mar 3
Feb 3
Feb 20
Jan 23
Feb 3
Feb 15
Alar 8
Feb 23
Feb 10
Feb 10
Febl
Jan IS
Jan 23
Jan 25
Jan 25
Jan 19
Feb 3
Feb 19
Febl
Jan 26
Jan 25
Feb 18
Feb 23
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Location. Secretarv-
..170
AVTEIIKOON SESSION.
2690 Andes
J00 .....bS
190 Am Flag
1415 Belmont J
25 ....b30
325 Cherry Creek. ...23$@2%
50 ChMill
710 Caledonia
415 En Con 16J£@L6
100 EldoS 25s
10 Excheq 215
285 J ui-tice 95(0)100
21*35 Julia 9@10
1100 Kossuth as
805L Wash 19
1075 Ludy Bryan 6}
3180 Leo \m
500 ....b 30
265 M Val 5?
20 Mahog __
350 Mint 45o
210 N-wark 75@87^i
309 NUtah - ft
50 NCarson
820 Or£H ITgm
710 Overman SK0^
30 Pioche 3H
50 Prussian Z%
3i0 RAEly 25X@2G
370 Rv« Patch 3%@4U
5 SValW 99
700 S R I IVSM'V
99 Seg Bel l&Qffljia
250 Suocor .5&C
150 WaenAO T5c
50 War Eaalo \%
1610 Woodvlfie 8®m
2700 Ward
MORNING SESSION.
920 Ophir 3U'@315
100 ....b 10 325
3355 Mexican 68@75
" G&U 560/60
1745 Best&Bel 67@<2
10 ....blO 70;o)71
260 Savage 182S@190
2*5 Chollar 86@90
260 H AN 65^(§69
446 Crown Pi 45@J6
275 Jacket 147@150
10 ....b 30 153
1205 Imperial 17«&19
645 Empire 14@15
190 L'onG Hill 6%
240 Kentuck 22>$@24
LO05 Belcher.. 55(g>57
100 Am Flag 2)4
3190 Andes... 14@10^
1225 Belmont 14@13^
500 Caledonia.... 30ft?33
210 Eureka Con... .I4^@f37-s
65 Excheq 400(6395
3210 Kossuth 5@5>£
225 Justice... 120ta)140
2515 Julia 19@16
1820 Lady Wash 5@4
2300 Lady Bryan 1)t.@W
3664 Leo 3W@3
b25 Confidence.." 45(346
205 Con Vir 645@700
10 ....b5 660
1765 Sierra N 25@27Jt
690 Daney 2J*@3W;
250 California 7SW@79S
790 ....b30 790S-8U0
10 Excheq 350
705 OFerman 85(gB6
115 Justice 115@120
355 Succor 7@7M
2170 L*dy Bryan 77@8
975 Julia 18@18>i
350 Caledonia 29>|@3u'
545 Knickerbocker ....6@6!£
420 Globe lii@ljlf
1 140 Bait Con 10(gtl0^
720 Alpha 40&43
195 Meadow Val 6M@6
160 Pioche 4
415 Ray & Ely 25
520 Rye Patch 4@3;V
110 Seg Bel 140feU5l
Beach & Paxtnn GAS
Buckeye (USMCo
Kullion M Co
California M Co
California M Co
Consolidated Virginia
Consolidated Virginia M Co
Dexter S M Co
Emerald Hill M Co
"420" MCo
Gold Run M Co
Gonld A Curry S M Co
Ironsides M Co
Iowa M Co
Knickerbocker M Co
Kossuth M Co
Memnon M Co
North Utah M Co
Orleans M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
State of Maioe MAMCo
Succor MitMCo
Utica Cons M Co
Union Cons M Oo
Webfoot M Oo Elko
Cal
J T4 Tlfihinson
Called by Trustees
(Jailed by Trustes
Wasboe
J S Kennedv
Called by Trustees
D T Bagley
Waahne
Washoe
Called by Trustees
D T Baeley
F H Hill
Nevida
F Madge
E F Stone
Cal
C O Palmer
Called by Trustees
W E Dean
A D Carpenter
H Boyle -
EF St ne
W E Dean
O S Cti' tiss
W E Dean
R v; egencr
J M Burlington
Called by Trustees
Wasboe
wasnoe
Called by Trustees
Co Nevada
D A Jennings
Offioo infl.F.
305 Sansome st
507 Montgomery st
331 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
401 California st
401 California st
401 Calif orn ast
411'? California st
Mer hants' Ex
419 0-iliforniaet
41 Market st
43SOalitomiast
419 California st
605 Clay Bt
Stevenson's Block
419 California st
419 California st
419 California st
419 California st
414 California st
Merchants' Ex
302 Montgomery st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
401 Calilorniabt
B Bnrris
A Shear
D Wilder
A D Carpenter
W Stuart
F J Hermann
I E D^lavau
E F Stone
J P Cavalier
C C Palmer
K Wertheiiner
G R Spinney
R II Brown
C S Nenl
A Wissel
W R Townsend
E Chat tin
J W Tripp
H C Kibbe
I Derby
A Martin
L Kaplan
A Baird
H Knapp
L Kapl_i n
W H Watson
A O Taylor
E Barry
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annii'l
An< ual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annua!
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
507 Montgomery st
821 Battery st
Merchants' Ex
605 Clay st
113 Liedesdortf st
418 Kearny st
2.0 Mont ornery st
419 California st
513 California st
41 Market st
530Clavst
320 Calif, .rniast
402 Montgomerv st
419 California st
210 California st
330 Pine st
80S Montgomery st
408 California st
419 (Jalifornia st
320 'California Bt
520 Washington st
Merchants' Ex
316 California st
3P6 Montg mery st
Merchants' Ex
302 Montgomery st
331 Montgomery st
415 Montgomery s
Date.
Jan 15
Jan 14
Jan 2(1
Jan 14
Jan 26
Jan 20
Jan 26
Jan 14
Jan 9
Jan 12
Jan II
Jan 14
Jan 25
Jan 13
Jan 12
Jan 15
Jan 18
Jan 12
Jan 14
Jan 12
Jan 20
Jan II
Jan 30
Jan 13
Jan 23
Jan 11
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Location. Secretary.
Black Bear Quartz M. Co.
Belcher M. Co.
Chariot M A M Co
Consolidated Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Enreka Consolidated M Co
KeystonB Quartz M Co
Phcenix G M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Oal W. L. Oliver,
Washoe. H- O. Kibbe,
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe D T Bauley
Washoe. -OE Elliott
N. O. Fa*sefc
Nev WWTraylor
Cal L "Vesaria
Charles E Elliott
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. P.
316 California st.
419 California st,
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clav st.
419 California st
419 California st
409 California st
Amount.
30
3 00
40
3 OR
2 00
1 00
50
50
50
25
Payable.
July 17
Jan 11
Nov 16
JanU
Dec 12
J an . 25
Jan 5
Feb 16
June 3*
Jan 9
New Incorporations.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
705Ray4EIy 25®25^
540 Eur Con WA®U)i
200 W Creole %
170 Am Flag i!@2J4
300 Pioche 3&
1325 Belmont 13?4^14
2i5 Independence 2
85 Chariot Mill 3
340 Golden Chariot.... 2?^@3
100 IdaEllmore &£
125 Mahogany 4^
1020 Newark %@l
550 Jtl Belmont 2@2>4
780 Eldo South 2j£@23j
50 Cherry Creek 2
i'300 SChariot \)£
650 Bullion 47@48
590 Utah 9ft@L0
6.i Bacon Jj%
2510 SHilt ■ 17@18
115 Eclipse H.l*@na£
170 Trench imiiii
705 Challenge 13M@14
233} Dayton 5MM
1775 Rock Is 9M@10
The following companies have filed certificates of in-
corporation in the County Clerk's Office. San FranciBCO.
Nobts- Western Quicksilver M. Co., Jan. 4.— Loca-
tion: Sonoma county. Capital stock, $1,000,000. Direc-
tors—John Garber, David McClure, W. H. Sears, Israel
Knox and Wm. A. Stuart.
Ocean-View Quicksilver M. Co., Jan. 5. — Location:
San Simeon Mining District, San Luis Obispo County.
Capital stock, $6,000,000. Directors— H. K. Moore, J.
H. Dali, E. B. Burdick, J. F. Greenman and Daniel
Buck.
The following named, companies have filed certificates
of incorporation in the office of the Secretary of State
at Sacramento.
Castro Coal Co.— Capital stock, $1,000,000, in shares
of $10 each.
Elk Grove Building Co. — Capital stock, $3,000, in
shares of $5 each.
Increase of Capital Stock.— The Virginia Consoli-
dated M. Co. has filed a certificate of increase of capital
stock with the County Clerk. The capital stock has
been increased from $3,000,000, divided into 30,000
shares of $100 each, to $6,000,000, divided into 60,000
shares of the par value of $100 each. The certificate
states that $5,000 of the capital stock haB been paid up;
that the total amount of debts of the corporation is
$1,000, secured by the mining ground and property of
the company; that the owners of more than two-thirds
of all the shares of the company vuted in favor of in-
creasing the btock,
The Black Hills. — A letter from General
Custer at Fort Abraham Liocoln, Dakota,
sharply assails the statement made by
the Indian Commissioner, in his anneal report
for stating that there was no indications of
mineral, etc., in the Black Hiils, Caster as-
serts that the dispatches of the correspondents
and explorers on the subject, are accurate; and
also his own official dispatches, General
■Sheridan's annual report, Professor Winchell's
report and various others. He imputes to the
Commissioner either ignorance or failing less
excusable, for his statement on the subject.
In the Chollar-Potosi mine no encouraging
developments being found in the prospecting
at the fifth level, work at that point is discon-
tinued. "The 1100-ft level is being pushed for-
ward in good style and vigorous and thorough
prospeoting will be done at that point.
The new hoisting works of the Woodville
mine, on the Comstock, have started up and
operate splendidly. The new shaft will now
be put down with energy and dispatch, the new
hoisting works being just what was needed.
California.
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
Rich Steike. — Calaveras ■ Citizen, Jan, 2:
During last week rich strikes were made in
claims near Altaville by Cogswell & Nesser,
and also by "William Hale. Mr. H. has been en-
gaged for the past four years prospecting in the
claim where his efforts have at last been
crowned with success.
Stkuck It. — Calaveras Chronicle, Jan, 2: We
hear that gravel has been struck in the claim
belonging to Judge Shear, located near Central
hill. The workmen are in close proximity to-
the blue lead.
West Point District. — A rich strike was
made in the 90 ft south level of the Afina Kica
last Monday night The ore shows Iree gold
plentifully, and measured, then, four feet in
width. The Josrphine, also, shows four feet
of milling ore, a small portion of which is high
grade. Henry & Son, who bought the old
I'hoss mill, have nearly completed repairs.
They intend to overhaul the mill in the spring
and add first-class improvements. They have
sufficient ore iu sight, in their mine on Valen-
tine hill, to keep the mill at work all winter.
Recently, while work was being done on the
Bartslo to comply with the U. S. mining laws
a new and healthy body of ore was discovered
near the surface.
Sheep Ranch. — The Wallace & Ferguson
mine is situated right in the centre of th« town,
and is worked through a tunnel some 1500 ft in
length. At equal distances along the line of
the tunnel three shafts have been sunk, two cf
which are at present used as hoisting shafts;
whims being the moiive power. The depth of
the lower shaft is 93 it; of the upper, 115 ft.
The vein varies in width from one to two ft,
the ore paying from $50 to $300 per ion
through the entire thickness of the lead. The
company owns a 5-stamp mill, in conjunction
with Mr. W. I. Armstrong, which is kept run-
ning night and day on rock from the- mine. The
Wallace & Ferguson is the only mine work-
ing in the district at present, if I except the
Lt-di, which Messrs. Hull and Fisher have just
started to re-open. The Lodi formerly paid
fair divideuds, and the gentlemen are very
sanguine of good results in the future.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY.
The Quicksilver Mine. — Contra Costa
Gazette, Jan. 2: Since mention of the progress
of operations by the new company on the old
Welch quicksilver claim, some four or five
miles south-east of Clay[on, in our issue of last
week, we have had a cuacceinterview with Mr.
Ryan, the superintendent of the new company,
who informs us that the company is composed
of persons who have had sufficient mining ex-
perience to enable them to form a fair judg-
ment of their chances of sai/wose in *i j—
taking, and to enable them to endure the
disappointment should it prove a failnre,
which, from present favorable indications they
do not expect. They have expended about
510,000 up to the present time, aud expect to
have their furnaces completed and ready for
smelting by the latter part of February. They
are running two tunnels for the cinnabar de-
posit, ihe upper one of which is now in 100 ft,
and has a little more than 200 feet to go, on the
calculation made, before striking the ore mass
for which it is ruuniag. The lower tunnel they
calculate will touch the ore depo it 300 ft below
the surface, and will run 500 ft to reach it.
They have already gathered ready for the fur-
nace, several hundred tons of rock, a portion
of which is of low grade but contains quicksilver
in sufficient quantity to pay for smelting, while
much of the rock is very rich, and he calcu-
lates that it will altogether yield very hand-
somely, though gathered from or near the
surface. Mr. Ryan seems a very candid man
of good judgment, and he appears very well
satisfied that the company have a good pro-
spect.
New Hoisting Wobks Engine House. — In
place of the engine house at the new shaft of
the Black Diamond Coal aompany, that was
destroyed by an incendiary fire some eight or
ten weeks ago, a fine brick building has been
erected and is now. completed. The damaged
engines and hoisting drums have been repaired
or replaced with new work, and it is expecied
that the machinery will soon be put in opera-
tion and employed in raising coal through the
new shaft. The company have also put up a
new brick building for use as an office at the
mines.
INYO COUNTY-
Panamint Items. — Panamint News, Dec. 29:
Tbe shaft upon the Wyoming mine is down
nearly 35 feet (below the graded level, which
would add 20 feet more), and shows high grade
ore nearly the whole size of the shaft. We also
have it from good authority tuat all the mines
on that side of the canyon are either improving
or holding their own at every foot sunk.
New Coso. — Wm. T., better known as Bill
Grant Came in from New Coso a couple of
days since, and informs us that several new,
and, apparently, valuable locations have been
made there in the last few days. 4.mong others
is one by J R. Hughes, Martin Mee and the
aforesaid W. T. Grant, which displays a great
amount of carbonates, running by actual ass iy
as follows: silver, 59 ounces per ton; lead 55
January 9, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
21
per cent. Armstrong and Carroll, of this [ The owner of the Emma mine, Jacob Cook, is
place, have also made a promising location. | ruuum : a tunnel into the hill, and haa struck
Billy Goodwin, in the interest of Belabaw It | some very rich ore. This mine is situated
Co., of Cerro Oordo, was in oamp, taking a
view of ihingB.
Labor in Panahint. — The question "is the
labor demand in Panuuiiut fully supplied?' may
be safest to answer in the affirmative; but the
time is near at baud, we conscientiously be-
lieve, when at least five times as many pors ns
as we now have can find profitable employment .
It should be borne in mind that but a few
months ago Panamint could be approached
only upon the backs of aniiu tls and then with
thegroAtaflt difficulty. Th-* wonder is th it not
so little but that so much hue been done, and
that so many bun Ireds now find profitable
employment where then a bare half dozen
lonely prospectors sat over their camp-fires and
held gtim counsel as to wh' n, where and how
their next supuly of the sheer necessaries of
life were to be obtained and paid for — millions
under their feet but not a cent in their pockets!,
Where, we ask, is there another silver mining
district on the coast wbich in such a very brief
period since it was a "bowliug, almost inacces-
sible wilderness," can, or ever did, make such
ao actual, substantial display of wealth, popu-
lation and permaueuoy as this, or make a
greater return in silver bullion for the work
done when we consider all the cironmstances—
the shortness of time and lack of n-urly every
requisite for successful miuing or even a com-
fortable existence? We consider Panamint
without a parallel in actual progress and solid
merit — and but a line of its great history is yet
written
KERN COUNTY.
Thk railroad at this time would have been
completed and in running order to a point 21
miles in advance of the Bakersfield depot but
for want of iron. This is now going forward.
Eight truck loads went forward Tue-day, and
we learn that several lots have passed since, so
that but little time will elapse belore the rails
will be laid the distance referred to. No per-
manent stopping place, however, will be made
there — only such temporary arrangements as
may be necessary for the accommodation of the
Inyo trade. The permanent depot will be
three miles further on. Intervening some
deep cuts are to be made. This will be inaiuly
for the accommodation of Havilah, Keruville,
the South Fork aud the contiguous miuing re-
gion. About -.20 miles more will bring the road
to the summit of Tehactiepi, after which, if it
is deemed advisable to tap the great ruining
region beyond more effectually, there are only
the difficulties of a nearly level plain to con-
tend with. The great bar to its development
has hitherto been the necessity of freighting by
way of Los Angeles, and it is a terrible incubus
now. This will be removed in a few weeks
and the mines made of comparatively easy
acce-s. and withiu a year they will be just as
accessib.e, as soon as the road surmounts the
summit, as any part of the State. The good
time coming is eagerly looked for by the people
of Kein and Inyo counties.
LAKE COUNTY.
Silvee Discoveries. — Bee, Jan. 2: Last week
William Wil.iams discovered a ledge of ailver-
beanug rock iu the vicinity of the Highland
springs On last Tuesday a ledge, supposed to
be of the same character, was discovered in
Scott's valley. The parties bave sent samples
of 'he rock to San Francisco, for assay.
Gold Quartz Discovery. — James Tyler, of
Tyler'B ranch, about midway betweeu Lakeport
and Cloverdale, has discovered a well defined
ledge of gold-be.inng quartz, on the ridge that
divides the waters of Russian river and Clear
lake
MARIPOSA COUNTY.
Ca'thay Valley. — Cor. Mariposa Gazette,
Jan. 2: Cathay's valley is destined to be one of
the lie -st mining districts in the State. There
are within the bounds of the valley, 12 quartz
veins tuat we know prospect in free cold all
the way from six dollars to 80 dollars per ton
on different veins. Our outlook is very flatter-
ing. Mr. Williams, of the Francis mine, is
talking of building a new quartz mill below the
Francis mine, of a capacity that will crush all
the custom quartz that may be taken to his
mill. When Mr. Williams talks he means busi-
ness. There is a fair prospect of a quariz mill
being built in the upper end of the valley the
coming spring or Bummer, as the present neces-
sity requires it. A full supply of quartz will
.be furnished to any company that will first put
up a mill in the upper end of the valley and
make fair returns of what the quartz contains.
Tbe whole valley is a perfect network of quartz
veins, aud many of them have hidden pay
shutes on them that will fully pay the prospec
tors for hunting them.
NAPA COUNTY.
New Discovery — St. Helena Star, Dec. 31:
We are informed that Dr. Michel, Mr. J. J.
Dickenson, and Mr. Swarts, of Pope valley,
have located another lode of fine chrome iron
eight miles from Calistoga, on the route of.the
road from that place to the Phcenix mine. We
have a specimen of it now in our office which
will go over fifty per cent, chrome. The same
company are working a ledge of chrome iron,
about eight miles from here, in Mowe's
canyon.
The silver mine discovered by Chapman &
Co. is prospecting well, aud ore is being taken
out which assays from $20 to $80 a ton. Iu
the immediate vicinity of the town two more
claims are being worked for silver ore, and the
indications are exceedingly favorable.
Nevada.
TnnNELTNo.— The CaliBtoga Free Press notes; doubled.
about two miles, northeast of Calistoga, and
the ore thus far brought to the surface evidences
a large amonut of wealth, which only needs
time and labor to secure abundant riches for
the owner.
NEVADA COUNTY.
Omaha Mine. — Grass Valley Union, Jan. 3:
Ou the first day of this moutli aud the first day
of the year, the Omaha struck into extra good
ore. The rock was rich enough to justify the
employment oi a reliable guard over the dump
pile. A man could very easily put thirty or
forty dollars from that dump pile into his
vest pocket. We intended last evening to go
down aud glean but we heard that McFate and
a shot-gun were on guard, and then we con-
cluded that to walk two or tliree miles on a
dark uight is no healthy ex reise.
S Empiue Mine Bricks.— The Empire mino sent
a couple of gold bricks below on New Year's
day, a gift to the stockhold. rs, aud the brioks
aggregated in value the amount of about $21,-
000. The Empire, underground, is daily im-
proving in appearance. It is one of the
oldest mines iu the district and has bottom as
well as a good decree of speed.
Yesterday waB pay day tor the Idaho mine.
Tbe miners found the money ready for them
at Fmdley's bank. The Idaho pa\s off every
mouth quite a little army of men— good men
at ihat.
The Darmouth mill started up yesterday
moruing and was stamping gold out of cement
at last accounts. The mine is yielding plenty of
the cement to keep the mill constantly going.
The Mining Situation, — The Gras Valley
mines have done well during the past month,
and some of them make a good showing for
the year. There are, however, too many idle
mines in the district — mines that only await
drills and picks and gads and powder, and
other appliances, including pluck and muscle
to cause them to show the " bonanza." Dur-
ing the month just passed a great improvement
over the month be'ore has been shown here,
and that was because more work was doue, in a
prospecting way last month than in November.
There is no doubt but that when work is done
in this district pay is sure to follow. That has
proved true more than a thousand times.
SANTA CLARA COUNTY.
Almaden. — iSau Jose Mercury December 31:
The New Almaden Quicksilver Mining com-
pany has been making some extensive im-
provements at Hacienda. A new smelting fur-
nace of new manufacture and entirely different
from anyihing else of the kind now in use in
the United States, has been put up and arrange-
ments are now being made for the erection of
still another of the same kind. The old fur-
naces will uot be discarded but will be kept in
use aud worked to their fullest capacity. New
and large condensers are also being constructed,
and such other works as are needdd for the de-
velopment of the mine. The company givea
employment to a young army of men.
SISKIYOU COUNTY.
Scott River Ditch. — Yreka Union, Dec. 30:
We learu that. Job Garretson has surveyed and
located a mile aud a half or two miles of the
new Scott river ditch, and that a Chinese com-
pany have offered to dig that part of the ditch
for $7 a rod. He has written below to the offi-
cers of the company, and will not let the con-
tract till he shall receive an answer.
The Hooper Ledge. — Cornish & Co. continue
to drive their lower tunnel on the Hooper ledge.
They think they are now within from 20 to 40 ft
of the pay chute. In the meantime, while they
have been running tuis tunnel which has now
occupied several months, they have been taking
rich rock from their shaft. The tunnel they
are now running will strike the ledge about 300
ft from the surface. The rock heretofore
taken from this claim has been very rich, and
the owners are sanguine that there is still much
more equally rich to be taken out. We trust
their most sanguine anticipations may be real-
ized.
W. A. Little, of Oak Bar, was in town a few
days the fore part of this week. From him we
learn that there will probably be more claims
opened on the Klamath next season at Oak
Bar, and between that point and the mouth of
Scott river, than ever before. On that portion
of the river there has been a good deal of pros-
pecting done the present season with very en-
couraging results.
TRINITY COUNTY.
Another Cinnabar Discovery. — Trinity
Journal, Jan. 2: An 8 inch vein of cinnabar has
beeu found in toe bed-rock in the Wolff Placer
mine, on Canon cieek. The ledge is well de-
fined, and the work already done gives indica-
tions that it is extensive. A location has been
made, and ore is now being taken out. Some
specimens of the ore and casings brought to
Weaverville by J. E. Driver, and left at Hart-
mau's, are very rich, and show a large percent-
age of quicksilver by practical testa.
TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
The Riverside.— Souora Betnoerat, Jan. 2:
This mine is making handsome returns, and
from what we learn will prove very profitable.
It lias been opened to an extent that develops a
large quantity of paying ore, and the explora-
tion is increasing the amount in sight daily.
On Mouday the result of 8 days' crushing was
brought to town in the shape of a bar of solid
gold weighing 112 ounces. The ore averages to
yield two ounces of gold to the ton. When the
10 additional stamps are in motion, which will
be in a few days, the amount taken out will be
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Crown Point, Gull Hill News, Deo. 30:
Daily yield, about (100 tons, from the old ore
Motions, from the 600 to the 1500ft levels, in-
clusive. The stopes aud breasts are looking
about as usual. Some very good ore is now
comiug from the north portion of the 1500-ft
level, and the ore at that depth seeming to hold
out best to thenonhward. Both cross-cuts at
this level are still iu porphyry, and are being
driven nh 'ad to find another bonanza iu that
direction, if possible.
Justice.— The main west drift from the Wal-
ler Defeat is still driving ahead in excellent
ledge matter; it is, however, being pushed for-
ward to form a connection with the fourth sta-
tion of the main Justice shaft, without present
regard to the development of the ore vein.
When this connection is completed, every fa-
cilitv will be afforded for opening out the ore
developments of this important level by cross-
cutting, etc.
Kossuth.— Shaft now down 355 ft. Sinking
deeper is suspended fir a few days in order to
open out the station for the 350-ft level. ProB-
pecting at the 20U-ft revel goes ahead as usual
with good indications.
Gould & Cobry.— Good progress is being
made in the double incline winze, designed to
connect the 1500 with the 1700-ft level. It will
reach the 1700-ft level within the ensuing five
days. The several drifts and cross-cuts through-
out the miue are being pushed forward with
great energy.
Julia.— Main shaft down 1120 ft, with no
water to interfere. The ground is soft and
clayey, with occasional streaks of quartz, indi-
cating a ledge near by. The main south drift
at the 1000-ft level is driven ahead at the rate
of three feet per day.
Sierra Nevada.— The water in the new shaft
being well reduced, sinking deeper is now goina
ahead at a lively rate, in good working ground.
Good ore developments are being made in the
old Sacramento chimney. The best portion of
this mine is evidently at the north end, near
the Phil Sheridan line.
California.— Cross-cuts Nos. 2 and 3, run-
ning east on the 1500-foot level, are making
rapid progress toward the ore body. Cross-
cut No. 2, near the southern boundary, has
already penetrated the ore body to a distance
of 100 feet. The quality of the ore disclosed
in this drift is, for its entire length, of very
high grade. The " C & C " joint shaft is sunk
to a depth of 35 feet, and the hoisting works
building erected over the same is nearly com-
pleted. Its dimensions are 60x60 feet. The
giound is very favorable for sinking. The
hoisting machinery is now being erected, aud
will be running by the second of January.
Consolidated Virginia.— Daily yield, 400
tons. On the 1550 foot level the north drift
has entered into the ground of the California
mine, and is in excellent ore, as are likewise
the east cross-cut near the north line, and the
winze sinking below this level. On the 1500-
foot level, cross-cuts Nos 1 and 2 are still pro-
gressing eastward in ore of the very highest
grade. The upper ore breasts on the 1300 and
1400-foot levels are looking splendidly. The
new mill will commence reducing ore from the
big bonanza within two days from the date of
this report.
Imperial Empire.— The face of the drift at
the 2000-foot level is getting into the west wall
of the ledge, and is being pushed ahead slowly,
with all due caution, and kept securely tim-
bered in case of any sudden and extra rush of
water or other emergency. The winze from
the level above, continues in good ore.
Dayton. — Daily yield, 60 tolls. The ore
sections toward the Kossuth show continued
improvement in quality, and promise to yield
well for some time to come.
Belcher.— Daily yield, 450 tons, from the
old ore levels down to the 1400-foot. The
three winzes below that level are showing well
and the prospect is that the 1500-foot will open
out good. The drift east from the main in-
cline at this level is in 56 feet. The south
winze on the 1300-foot level is in very good ore,
and is down 23 feet from the surface, and is
raised upon from the 850-foot level 127 feet.
This mine is looking better generally than it
was at last report, and is good for more divi-
dends yet.
Chollah-Potosi.— Daily yield 55 tons from
the old workings, the car sample assays of
wbich average $32 per ton.
Florida.— The main drift west, at the 300-
foot level is in 55 feet to-day, with the face in
very favorable looking material, with stringers
of quartz giving low assays.
Ophir.— Daily yield, 250 tons. The average
bullion yield of the ore is constantly on the in-
crease, owing to the better quality as well as
quantity extracted. The ore breasts of the
1165-ft level especially are looking.and yielding
splendidly. The northeast winze at this level
continues down through ore of the richest
quality, and the cross-cut 33 feet below this
level is also in rich ore. Both cross-cuts in
the 1465-ft level are being driven ahead in very
favorable material, and cross-cutting east is
commenced at the 1700-ft level. So far as de-
veloped the great bonanza is found to extend
north into the Ophir ground about 300 ft, with
every indication of further continuance.
Phil Sheridan. — The main west drift is to-
dav in 179 ft. The entire face of the drift is
now in hard rock, principally quartz, which
gives good assays occasionally. Mining men
and experts who have seen it pronounce it
good, and a rich development may be looked
for at any moment.
Occidental.— The three cross-cuts now be-
ing made from the upraise between the upper
and lower levels'are all in a fair quality of mill-
ing ore. These drifts have penetrated the ore
body for distances of from 12 to 55 ft. The
last mentioned distance is the width of the ore
body iu the upper cross-drifts, 100 ft below
the upper tunnel. The two lowest cross-cuts,
at intervals of 100 ft respectively below the
first cross-cut', have not yet passed through the
ore.
Globe Consolidated. — Main wes drift driven
ahead as usual. Good bunches of quartz con-
tinue to be met with occasionally, giving good
promise of eventually leading to something
better.
Utah.— On the 400- ft level the drifts running
in the ore vein are progressing rapidly. Cross-
cuts will be started by day after to-morrow in
the ore vein on this level.
Yellow Jacket —The north drift at the
1740-ft level is in 165 feet, and Is now running
in heavy ground, requiring retimberihg. The
east cross-cut from the drilt is in 168 ft, 100 ft
of which is in the ledge matter. The face of
all the drifts are in porphyry and quartz.
Silver Hill.— The drlts both north and
south at the third level are running in excellent
looking vein matter. The north drift of the
second level is also showing well in quartz.
American Flat.— The drifts at the 450 and
750-ft levels still show improvement in their
face. Both this and the Baltimore mine are
encumbered considerably by water, and the
heavy new hoisting and pumping works being
erected to work both jointly are much needed.
Overman.— The 1100-ft station for a drift to
the ledge is opeued, and drifting commenced.
Sinking at the bottom of the main shaft is
about being resumed.
Lady Bryan.— Cross-cutting for the ledge
progresses well, and it will be reached some
time next week.
Caledonia. — Excellent progress is being
made with the drifts at the 1000-ft level, both
north and east, also with the drifting at the
1076-ft level. The south drift at the 980-ft
level Bhows fine looking quartz in its face.
Dardanelles.— Face of the east drift still in
fine looking quartz with occasional spots which
give good assays. It is evident that the com-
pany should sink deeper, present prospects
giving ample encouragement for so doing.
Rook Island. — Winze down 59 feet, and still
in fine looking vein matter with spots of good
ore. Sinking the main shaft deeper is resumed.
New York Consolidated. — Excellent pro-
gress is being made in sinking the shaft, and
very flatteriug indications are being passed
through, occasional streaks of low-grade ore
being met with.
Savage. — Sinking the main incline deeper
progresses very favorably and drifting at the
2200-ft level is going ahead, with no important
change to report.
Hale & Nororobs.— Daily yield, 85 tons,
principally from the eighth station level.
North drift aud west cross-cut at the 2100-ft
level making their usual progress, with no new
development. The various cross-cuts at the
2000ft level have not yet reached the west wall
of the vein.
Suooor. — Main drift at the 550-ft level driv-
ing ahead, with face in quartz and porphyry.
Indications show close proximity to tbe ledge.
Pictou. — The rock in the face of the main
tunnel has become mucn softer, being por-
phyry with considerable clay, allowing of faster
progress.
Original Gold Hill.— The face of both
drifts at the 340-ft level are now in low grade
ore and looking well.
Senator. — Favorable bunches of quartz con-
tinue to be met with in drifting along the vein
at the 400-ft level.
Sdiro. — Tunnel driving ahead at a lively rate
and now in 807 feet from the old Utah shaft.
Face in low-grade ore.
New York. — The good indications in the 250
and 700-ft levels still continue, and the drifts
go ahead as usual.
Mexican.— Drift from the 1465-ft level of the
Ophir going ahead as usual. No change.
The Empress, one of the oldest locations on
American Flat, which has been lying for years
undeveloped, now is in the hands of parties
who are able and willing to find out what its
real merits call for. Work is once more re-
sumed upon it, and the old Bhaft is being
cleaned out and re-timbered, preparatory to
sinking deeper. The 2Veu>ssays that the ground
about the top of the shaft is being- graded off
for efficient hoisting works, the machinery for
which is engaged and will soon arrive.
The Gould & Curry.— The report of the
treasurer of this mine for the last fiscal year
showB that four assessments had been made,
aggregating $310,713.29. Other items had
swelled the receipts to $328,224.54. For the
sale of assaying materials $66 was. received; for
hoisting ores and rock, $5,751.50. The cash
indebtedness on the 30th was $61,838.15; cost
of insurance, labor and materials, $235,598.08;
general expenses, salaries, etc., $19,502.15;
minor expenditures, legal fees, etc., $45,796.
In ihe Crown Point mine two new levels,
one and two hundred ft below the present low-
est working level will be opened before long,
giving plenty of room for the ore vein, whioh
Is somewhat contracted at the 1500-ft level, to
widen out into a comfortable continuation of
the great bonanza, which haa yielded bo many
millions thus far.
22
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January g, 1875.
Jute.
This is undoubtedly one of the products des-
tined to figure in the programme of diversified
farming, in California. Although some attention
has been given to this matter during the last
two yearB, it may still be ranked among agri-
cultural experiments. We have endeavored to
"draw out" those who are experimenting in the
culture of jute, and have them communicate
the results through the Press. But very little
practical knowledge, it is evident, has yet been
secured, and those who possess that little are
quite uncommunicative on the subject. Judg-
ing from the extent and character of the inquiries
received by us concerning jute, and the diffi-
culty in obtaining the desired information, we
are convinced that the growth' of interest in
the matter is increasing much faster than that
of the plant itself.
In Southern agriculture the subject occupies
precisely the same position as with us. The
farmers there are making the same efforts to
curtail the proportions of the cotton product,
that we are using to reduce those of the wheat
crop. Among the means by which they hope
to effect this curtailment, the cultivation of
- jute figures conspicuously; more so than with
us. The Jute company of New Orleans has
been in active operation for some time, and is
using every means to induce planters to sub-
stitute, in a measure, this crop for that of cot-
ton, and to place the material before the manu-
facturers of the country. The President of
this company a short time since sent to the
Department of Agriculture at Washington,
specimens of jute and its fabrics raised and
manufactured in Louisiana. They consisted
of jute filament, rolled, after cleaning by ma-
chinery; jute rope, crude as it comes from the
machine; and jute rope made of "rotted jute.
The President stated that the jute was acknowl-'
edged to be 50 per cent, superior to the Indian
article. A planter, writing from North Caro-
lina, says that the ground was prepared as for
cotton, and the seed dropped twelve inches
apart; and, as the spring was a very wet one,
the seed lay dormant for three weeks. The
plant grew to a height of thirteen feet, with
branches from five to seven feet long. The
land was ploughed twice, and hoed once. It
was cut in October and thrown into water,
where it remained to rot three weeks; the bark
was then easily stripped from bottom to top. A
specimen of the fibre was exhibited at the State
fair, and pronounced very fine by persons who
were familiar with its culture. Bottom lands
of North Carolina could be made, it is affirmed,
to produce, by manuring, as much as 3000
pounds per acre. A planter in Georgia, also,
who has succeeded well in an experiment in
raising jute, says that if five cents per pound
can be netted, more can be made by raising jute
than cotton. He planted about May 1; the
seed germinated freely, and the plants grew
finely on rather poor land, attaining a height
of over ten feet by September 19.
The attention of England is already directed
to the impetus given to jute culture in this
country. Although they declare that there are
no indications that this fibre will be raised in
the United Slates to an extent that will jeopar-
dize the prosperity of the jute industry of
Bengal — the main source of jute supply for
England— the consideration of the subject has
induced the Government in India to appoint a
commission to inquire into the culture, etc., of
the jute plant. They were evidently incited to
this by the superiority of the American product,
and with the characteristic willingness of Eng-
lishmen to acknowledge manifest superiority,
and the unwillingness to play second to any-
body in anything, they instituted a thorough
investigation of the subject.
The report submitted by this commission is
complete in every respect; containing much
information that will be extremely interesting
to those who are simply curious in the matter,
and deserving the careful consideration of
those who view the subject from the commer-
cial and manufacturing stand points; while
those who wish to embark in its culture will be
able to obtain from it many points of practical
utility. We therefore give the following syn-
opsis of the report, as published in a recent
number of the British Trade Journal:
"As to the origin of the word jute, concern-
ing which there has been so much dispute,- it is
suggested that the modern word is simply the
Anglicised form of the Oriss&jhot, and the an-
cient Sanskrit jhat. As to the preeise plant
which yields the fiber, the commission has
showu that the jute of commerce id yielded in-
differently by two distinct species of Tilacece,'
the Corchorous oliotorius and Chorchorus capsu-
laris. The plants are extremely alike in ap-
pearance, leaf, color, and growth, and differ
only in their seed-pods, those of the 0. capsu-
laris being Bhort; globular, and wrinkled,
while those of C. oliotorius are the thickness of
a quill, and about two inches long. Both
plants are annual, and grow from five to ten
feet high, with a stalk about the thickness of
a man's finger, seldom branching except near
the top. The leaves, which are of a light green
color and serrated, are four or five inches long,
and taper to a point. Several other species of
the same plant are s^id to yield jute, but are
not cultivated for the fiber, the species already
named alone yielding the real jute. This fact
was established by the commission, by a series
of experiments in the Royal Botanical Gardens
with seeds obtained from all the districts in
whieh the fiber is grown. The results showed
that the jute of commerce is the produce of
one or the other of the two plants named, and
of them only.
In lower Bengal, the two species appear to
be grown indifferently; but in the central and
some of the eastern districts, the G. capsularis
largely predominates, while in the neighbor-
hood of Calcutta it is the 0. olitorius that is
chiefly cultivated. The well known Lukhipore
jute of Hooghly and 4he 24-Pergunnahs, known
also as desi jute, is the produce of this latter
species. The plant has been cultivated from
time immemorial in the lower provinces, but
its export is a modern industry, although the
fiber has been cultivated largely for home use.
and for the manufacture of gunny from a very
remote period. One or other of the two plants
has been found in no lesB than forty-seven
out of the fifty-eight districts of the Presidency.
The attention of the Commission was specially
directed by the Government to the importance
of ascertaining what description of soil was
most favorable to the growth of the fiber. The
evidence collected upon the point is conflict-
ing. A light sandy soil is not suited to it, and
it seems most to flourish in a hot, damp at-
mosphere, with a heavy rainfall and rich allu-
vial soil. The seasons of sowing and growing
appear to be generally the same as those for
the early rice crop of Bengal. The oftener and
more thoroughly the land is plowed, and the
more manure, the better. The seed is sown
broadcast from the middle or end of March to
the beginning of June, and the plant cut from
the middle of August to the middle of October,
and in some of the districts earlier. The Com-
mission direct prominent attention to the ex-
treme carelessness of the cultivators in the se-
lection of the seed. In most instances a cor-
ner of the field, or a few stunted wayside
plants are left to produce it, not the slightest
attempt being made to select it; and if in these
circumstances a real detonation of the plant
had taken place, a fact which the commission
doubt, little wonder could have'been expressed.
Neither selection nor change of seed seems to
be resorted too, and if the attention of the
Government is ever directed to improving the
cultivation of this plant, its first step must be
a reform in this fundamental point of good
husbandry. The acreage under jute in the
great producing season of 1872 was 921,000.
The area is said to have been no more than
517,000 acres in 1873. The northern and east-
ern districts may also be said to engross the
cultivation, showing a total area of 800,000
acres under the plant in 1872, against 125,000
only in , the rest of the Presidency. The sug-
gestions of the improvement of the staple are
confined to the selection of" the seed, to th6
observance of a more careful rotation in grow-
ing the crop, and to the improvement of the
processes for cutting and steeping the fiber.
The influence of the cultivation on the condi-
tion of the people appears to have been good.
The testimony is uniform that it has enriched
the cultivators, while the deleterious effects of
the manufacture upon their health seems to be
very problematic. As to an alleged deteriora-
tion of the staple, the commission attribute
this belief to the fact that the high prices which
have prevailed of late years have stimulated the
production of large quantities of inferior or
badly-prepared jute. It is not that there is
less good jute produced than formerly, but
that a larger proportion of inferior fiber grown
on any and every soil has. come into the mar-
ket under the stimulus of prices; and that
when the quantity grown is large the care de-
voted to its preparation is comparatively small.
The commission record their judgment that
there is nothing to show that there has Ueen
any deterioration, in se, in the character of the
jute, or any general falling off in the quality of
the fiber. The local manufactures of the fiber
into cordage and twine, and into gunny cloth,
and gunny bags, are described in their report
at length; and the commission have shown that
it is used for paper-making in several districts.
The Omaha Mine. — In a review of the min-
ing situation at Grass Valley, the Union speaks
as follows of the Omaha mine: It is situated
south of Grass Valley on Wolf creek, and
about three miles distaut from the town. It is
owned by an incorporated company, which has
its principal place of business at Sacramento.
Sixteen miners are at present employed and
§3 per day per miner are paid. The cost of
sinking so far per foot has been $25. The cost
of drifting per foot has been $10, and the cost
of stoping per ton has been $6. The cost of ex-
tracting ore per ton has been about $10 and the
cost of milling the ore per ton has been $3 50.
The milling is done at a custom mill. The
number of tons which have been worked is 100,
and gave an average yield of $21 per ton. The
the percentage of sulphurets is about 1.5. The
to tal bullion product has been $2 , 500.
The length of the locution is 1400 feet and the
course of the ledga is north and south, with a
dip to the west at an angle of 32 degrees. The
length of the pay zone as far as explored is 170
feet, and the vein has an average thickness of
15 inches. The country rock is serpentine.
The work is done through a shaft which is 260
feet deep. The ledge in the bottom of the shaft
is fully three feet thick and shows free gold in
great quantities besides good sulphurets and
general good quality of rock. The walls of
the ledge are well defined and smooth. Two
levels have been opened and these are, together,
of the length of 255 feet. The hoisting works
are run by water power and cost $1,500. M.
Dodsworth is the Superintendent.
Dbyino Up. — In Trinity county everything
is said to be drying up, and both miners and
farmers are anxiously looking for rain,
Panamint District,
The Inyo Independent says: During a recent
visit to Panamint we took occasion to make as
thorough an examination oi a number of its
ledges as could be done in" three, days climb-
ing, and by hammering croppings at short in-
tervals from the beginning of one location,
though step by step, to the next and the next.
The result of this persistent hammering and
breaking rock was to prove conclusively that
there is scarcely a point in all that vast range
of exposed quartz where "metal" in fair quan-
tities, varying from a "color" to $2,000 to the
ton, cannot be found. It appears as though
there was no portion of the croppings in the
limestone formation that was not more or less
impregnated with mineral. Nor is there an
opening anywhere that does not show a pay
streak of a few inches in width of very high
grade ore.
As our examinations extended over several
miles of croppings, with almost uniform re-
sults wherever broken into, no matter how un-
promising in outward appearance, we conclude
that there is enough near surface ore close to
Surprise canyon to maintain quite a city for a
half a dozen years or more to come. There
need be no fear on this point. But it is pro-
phesied by White Piners and others, that since
the best and greater portion of the mines lie in
limestone the bottom will soon be reached —
that no pay ore will be found at any consider-
able depth. . Such may be the case, but there
is no reason obvious to a common understand-
ing why it should. On the contrary, it would
seem to be an almost absolute certainty that
the pay ore runs down to immense depths.
There can be no question that these are true
fissure veins; they may be divided into two
distinct veins; the mother vein, on the north
side of the canyon, known as the Jacob and
Stewart's Wonder, cuts straight across deep
gulches and lofty hills for at least a mile and a
half, with scarcely a break in its whole length.
The only perceptible difference in the pros-
pect, whether made at the lowest point of de-
pression or the highest elevation. The same
is true of the other grand vein, which, from
its most nottd location may be called the Wyo-
ming series. This lies on the opposite side of
the canyon, with which and the Wonder ledge
it rnns nearly parallel, but at a greater alti-
tude. This ledge is cut down at least a thou-
sand feet deep in one place, and about half as
deep in several others. It cuts far into the
slate on tbe east, the only portion that appears
to be barren, and extends over two miles south-
westerly, across deep gulches, through the
lime, into still another formation.
Branching from it are numerous ledges, all
large and showing high grade ores, these in
turn cutting across hill and gulch a mile down
to the main canyon itself. Counting these nu-
merous spurs, the connections of which are
easily traced, this mother vein .exposes several
miles of the very richest croppings. At the
lowest depth yet attained, which is on the
Wyoming, and is about fifty feet, we saw rock
taken which assayed $915 to the ton, and there
was apparently plenty of it. The next lowest,
about twenty feet, on the Esperanza, a large
spur or cross ledge, there was about a foot^ of
$325 rock. These are fair average assays of the
pay streak proper -in hundreds of openings
throughout the district. The same openings
show from ten to twenty times as much ore
which will probably average $50 to the ton — a
class of ore which, with proper facilities, can
be worked with fair profit. Outside of these
two veins are numerous other locations, none
of which we saw, but one or two of which, if
no more, are said to be quite as promising as
the best of the series. One of these is the
Sunrise, lying in the slate, and possibly the
eastern extension of the Wyoming. The Sun-
rise is the only prominent mine yielding free
milling ores — all chlorides. But lack of space
forbids any notice in detail of even the most
prominent locations of the dristrict. ,
Owing to the nature of the ground, the town
site of Panamint is somewhat circumscribed, but
much less so tban is commonly reported.
There is room there for a city of at least 10,-
000 without uncomfortable crowding. Its
present population, all classes, will approxi-
mate 1,500. The business of the place, outside
of mining, consists nearly of restaurants,
stores and saloons. There is a present suffi-
ciency of them. There are inducements for
the establishment of some other branches, par-
ticularly a good hotel, one of which, however,
will soon be ready for business.
As soon as the concentrating mills are put in
operation, which will require at least three
months yet, there will be a demand for many
more miners, mechanics and common laborers,
but at present there is quite enough.
The Surprise Yalley Mill and Water company
have done an immense amount of work, cut-
ting roads and other permanent improvements,
and are now but just beginning to do some sys-
tematic mining. They will soon have their
principal mines opened at half a dozen levels
each, and find bottom and prove them almost
the finest mines ever seen. Ton after tons
of Hercules powder is being used in these open-
ings, blasting being neeessary at every step.
The reports from these blasts reverberate and
fairly ring in the echo, sounding as full and
loud" as a heavily charged 24-pounder. The
company have already expended nearly $1,000,-
000, and expect to expend about half as much
more before they get fairly to mining and re-
ducing ores. Numerous other companies are
preparing for operations on a large scale, and
altogether the future of Panamint is exceed-
ingly promising. It will -afford a. great basis
f ir stock operations ; in this it will hardly
stand second to the Oomstock itself. Some
thirty incorporations are preparing for legiti-
mate mining, but no doubt with the ulterior
view of running "adits" in the San Francisco
Stock Board as soon as their mines can be
made to give them a reliable base.
The Eureka Mine,
From an article in'the Grass Valley Union
we take the following concerning the Eureka
mine, situated about two miles east of Grass
Valley, which employed during the year, the av-
erage of 80 miners. The wages of theBe have
been $3 per day to the man. The cost of
sinking, per foot, in exploring has been about
$65, while the cost of drifting has been about
$25 per foot. The cost of '-'stoping" has been
about $10.50 per ton of ore. Milling the ore costs
$2.61 per ton; the company owning its own
mill. The number of tons extracted and
worked during the year is 8,130, the aver-'
age yield of which has been $25 per ton. The
percentage of sulphurets in the rock amounts
to 1.5. The total bullion product has been, for
the year, about $205,780. The Eureka's loca-
tion is 1,680 feet, for which the company has a
patent. The course of the ledge is nearly east
and west, and the dip is towards the south.
The length of the pay zone is about 1,000 feet,
with a ledge of four feet in thickness. The
country rock is slate and serpentine. The
mine is worked through a shaft, which has a
total depth of 1,250 feet. There are eight
levels opened, and the total length of drifts is
9,000 feet. The cost of the hoisting works is
$48,000. At the mill a sixty horse power en-
gine is in use, and the number of stamps is 30,
each of which weighs 850 pounds. These are
dropped, each, 65 times per minute, and the
drop is ten inches. There are two pans and two
sulphuret concentrators in the mill. The cost
of the mill was $30,000, and is capable of crush-
ing 65 tons of ore in 24 hours. The sulphurets
are treated by the chlorination process. All
the stamps of the mill have not been employed
during the year. The lower portions of the
mine do not show good pay rock, but explora-
tions which are now going on may result in
something good. The Eureka went into oper-
ation October 1st, 1865, and up to and inclu-
ding the 30th of September, 1874, had taken
out bullion to the value of $4,273,148,40. Dur-
ing that time it paid dividends to the amount
of $2,054,000. On the 1st of October, 1874,
the company had on hand in cash and value of
supplies the sum of $101,646.73, which will en-
able them to explore the ledge to a much lower
depth than has yet been reached. Mr. Wm.
Watt is the Superintendent of the mine, with
Mr. James Gluy as Foreman.
Lively Times on the Comstock.
Notwithstanding, says the Virginia City
Chronicle, that the present is tbe dull season,
there is an unprecedented demand for houses.
Small tenement dwellings are scarcely to be
had at any price, and rents are rapidly advanc-
ing. Lodging house keepers have applications
daily for rooms that they cannot fill, and the
ingress of emigrants from the East still in-
creases. The reputation of the Comstock still
continues, and Eastern papers are filled with
sneering remarks concerning the recent rich
discoveries, which are compared to the bogus
diamond wedding, which lately took place in
Brazil. People east of the Mississippi have
but very little idea of mining, and many are of
the opinion that silver comeB out in solid
chunks and that silver bars are cutout bodily
in the interior of the earth. However, Nevada
does not depend on the East for the sinews of
trade. Silver and gold is currency itself, and
it is not necessary to hunt for a market, as is
the case with any other product. As a natural
result a mining community is the most inde-
pendent in the world, and as long as the resi-
dents of Virginia City have beneath their feet
millions of dollars in" silver ore, they can afford
to keep their own counsel and pay no atten-
tion to the incredulity of the novices of East-
ern States.
The new shaft on the dividing line between
the California and Consolidated Virginia mines
is already down a depth of twenty feet. The
ground on the surface is being graded off for
some distance about the mouth of the shaft,
and preparations are being made to put up
hoisting works which will contain a seventy
horse-power engine.
The owners of mining locations are busily
engaged all over the State in doing work to
keep their claims good, while others are keep-
ing themselves in reserve to make re-locations
of eligible properties as soon as the first of
January arrives. There will undoubtedly be
many conflicts over mines which different par-
ties are preparing to jump.
From present indications the new mill of the
Consolidated Virginia will be started up within
the next fortnight. Steam was turned on yes-
terday. An inspection showB that the machin-
ery is the finest in the State. Wben its sixty
stamps start upon ore from the new bonanza,
the results will be satisfactory to all concerned.
There is talk of building a new mill by the Cal-
ifornia company in the same neighborhood.
PapebBaebels. — The paper barrel business
seems likely to amount to something. A man-
ufactory is being erected in Rochester which
will turn out six hundred barrels a day. They
are much lighter and more durable than wooden
parrels, and take very well with the public.
January 9, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
23
Qood HE4LTH'
Wet and Dry Bathing.
If any one in these days will exercise in the
Dpcn air, so that each day he will perspire
mod'-rately, and if he will wear thin under
garments, or none at nil, and sleep in a cold
room, the functions of the skin will suflVr little
or no impediment, if water is withheld for
montbB. Indeed, bathing is not the only way
in which its healthful action can be maintained
by those living under the conditions at present
axitUing. Dry friction over the whole surface
of the body, onoe a day, or once in two days,
[s often of more sorvice than tho application of
water.
The reply of the centenarian to the inquiry
to what habit of life he attributed hi* good
heal h and extreme longevity, ih it he believed
it due to 'rubbing hininelf all over with a cob
Tery night,' is significant of an important
truth. If invalids and persons of low vitality
would use dry friction and Dr. Franklin's 'air
bath,' every day for a considerable period, we
e confident they would often be greatly bene-
fited. Cleanliness is next to godliness, no
doubt, and a proper and judicious use of water
is to be commended; but human being* are
not amphibious. Nature indicates that the
functions of the skin should be kept in order
mainly by muscular exercise, by exciting
natural perspiration by labor; and, delicious as
is the bath aud healthful, under proper regula-
tion, it is no substitute for that exercise of the
body, without whioh all the functions become
abnormal.
Care of the Ear — The Scientific American
thinks tbat tbe ear is quite as liable to injury
from drafts of air as from cold water. Tbe
modern style of cutting the bair in mOD. and
of arranging the hair of women Is much to be
deprecated, oeoause it was iutended by nature
that tho hair should fall over the ear, aud thus
form a protection to it. But as we caunot
throw dowu so great a goddess as fashion, we
uiu*t use care and artificial means for the pre-
servation of this delicate organ. If sittiug in a
drift is unavoidable, the handkerchief should
be applied to the ear exposed, or a pledget of
cotton inserted within it. The ordinary man-
ner of washing the face does no barm to the
ear, because the canal leading to the drum of
the ear is partly occlud-d by wax, aud water
does not penetrate far; but all swabbing of the
ear, whether with dry cloth or lint moistened
with hot or cold water, or other fluid, is by no
means to be advised, as it removes the wax,
the necessary safeguard to the internal ear.
Ewbot op Imagination. — A young man
walked into au Indianapolis drug store the
other day, and called for fifty cents' worth of
strychnine. The clerk, suspecting his object,
gave him a harmless dose of sugar of milk.
The youth swallowed it at onco and sat down
to die. To the surprise of the clerk, he soon
showed every indication of poisoning, and he
thinks that had he not told him of the harmless
nature of the potion, he would have died from
mere imagination.
Poisoned Confectionery. — A gloom was re-
cently thrown over the town of Placefield,
Conn., by the death of a twelve-year old
daugbter of Mr. Edward Markland. The im-
mediate cause of her demise was the eating of
candy in which there was arsenic. Some three
weeks ago the girl in company with two girls
named respectively Miss Bunnell and Miss
HemmiDgway, attended an evening party, at
which, by way of entertainment, was offered
confectionery purchased in the town of Forrest-
ville. a portion of which was originally manu-
factured in the city of New Haven. They par-
took heartily of the same and soon after were
taken violently sick. The sufferers were at-
tended by Dr.- Woodward of this place, who, on
examining the symptoms, pronounced the
poison to be arsenic, and that it was contained
in the candy. Under his*treatmeut the two
last named girls were partially restored to
health, though they are not yet considered out
of danger. But with Miss Markland the case
was different. Medicine seemed to have no
healing effect upon her. Previous to death
she literally suffered many deaths. Her tongue
became frightfully swollen, and some time be-
fore she breathed her last inflammation seized
upon her eyes and rendered her totally blind.
During it all the little creature was perfectly
conscious, and patiently endured the most ex-
cruciating pains till death brought relief.
A Singular Case. — The Chicago physicians
are puzzled by Michael Fionegan, a patient in
one of their hospitals, During more than two
months he has lain rigidly in bed, seldom mov-
ing a m .scle, and yet shows no other signs of
illness than this strange impassiveness. He is
fed with liquids poured down his throat; his
limbs are moved with difficulty by the attend-
ants, as though the muscles had become fixed,
and he never speaks, although his eyes move,
and at times he seems to be sensible. The
physicians believe it to be a genuine case of
catalepsy, or of hysteria and simulated cata
lepsy. There have been instances of- cure
of both these disorders by fright, and an ex-
perimeut was made on Finnegan. The physi-
cians talked in his presence of cutting his
jugular vein, so as to kill him and end his Buf-
fering, and after a great show of preparation
scratched his neck with the point of a kniie,
bat he'exhibited no fright.
Ignorant Praotitioners. — It is said that
Montreal, Canada, has in the last 11 months
lost one and one-half per cent, more of its pop-
ulation than the city of New York, by death,
and of this rate upward of 12 per cent, has
been from small-pox. Singular to say many of
the doctors oppose vaccinaiion, which accounts
for this mortality. The Montreal Star appeals
to the clergy for aid against the doctors who
are so far behind the age in their practice.
UsEfUl. ![JpOE|f«^XIOM.
Combustion of Coal. — Combustion is a
chemical process, consisting usually in a com-
bination of the elements of our atmosphere
(the oxyeeu) with the fuel. The main bub-
stauce of fuel, espicially when it is coal, is car-
bun, and tho chemical equivalent of this, 12,
combines with two chemical equivalents, 2x16,
or 32 parts by weight of oxygen, which is equal
to two and two-third parts of oxygen for every
part of carbon. A pound of coal requires thus
two aud two-third pounds of oxygen for its
perfect combustion ; as now one pound of this
gas under ordinary atmospheric pressure occu-
pies a space of some 12 or 13 cubic feet, or two
and two-lhird pounds of oxygen a space of 34
cubic feet, which iu tho air is diluted with
four times this amount of nitrogen, it requires
five times this quantity, or not less than some
17U cubic feet of fresh common air to furnish
tho oxygen required; it is therefore necessary
to pass 170 cubic feet of air through the fur-
nace gates iu order to secure the perfect com-
bustion of every pound of coal. If less air is
passed, the combustion is retarded, while au
excess of air cools the furnace.
Spontaneous Fire in Hat.— A somewhat re-
markable case of spontaneous combustion
occurred laht fall at Azatlan, Wisconsin.
Mr. Jumes Payne, a well known farmer
of that town, some time since cut and
put into his barn about ten tons of
clover hay, which was quite in a green condi-
tion. A few days afterward smoke was Been
issuing from Mr. Payne's barn, and it was Boon
discovered that the clover was on fire, and only
by the most strenuous exertions of himself and
neighbors were the flames finally extinguished.
The fact of spontaneous combustion from tbe
fermenlive heat of uncured clover, is admited
by all as being the cause of the fire.
DoptES-pc EcofJopy.
Importance of the Inorganic Constituents
of Food.
The bodies of animals in a state of health,
though chiefly composed of organic substances,
contuiu, nevertheless, always certain inorganic
salts, eiihor in combination or solution. The
soft parts of the bodies are here intended, and
not tbe bones, which are, of course, largely
composed of inorganic matter. Mr. J. Forster
has recently described some interesting experi-
ments on the effect of gradually reducing the
quantity of these salts in the system, by feed-
ing nniraals with food of an entirely nutritious
description, but completely deprived of such
salts. The food employed consisted of albu-
men, starch aud fat, with entirely pure water.
Animals thus treated suffer gradual derange-
ments of the functions of various important
organs, which derangements go on until tbe
power of assimilation of the food taken is so
far reduced as to prevent the proper repair of
the ordinary waste of the system. The natural
consequence of this would be to produce decline
or death. But death usually ensues before it
could be brought about by a cause so slowly act-
ing, since the deficiency of salts, by arresting
some of the processes necessary to life, precip-
itates the destruction of the organism before it
could perish by exhaustion. Exhaustion is the
effect produced upon the muscles by withhold-
ing salts, but in the nerves there appear, first,
increased excitability, and then paralysis of
the nerve centers. The quantity of salts neo-
essary in the food iB less than has heretofore
been supposed, but further experiments are
necessary to determine its exact amount.
Mystery of the Lakes. — Lake Erie is only
GO or 70 feet deep; but lake Ontario, which is
592 feet deep, is 210 feet below the tide level of
the ocean, or as low as most parts of the Gulf
of St. Lawrence, and the bottoms of lake Hu-
ron, Michigan and Superior, although the sur-
face is not much higher, are all from their vast
depths, on a level wiih the bottom of Ontario.
Now, as the discharge through the river De-
troit, after allowiug for the probable portion
carried off by evaporation, does not appear by
any means equal to the quantity of water
which the three upper lakes receive, it has
been conjectured that a subterranean river may
run from lake Superior, by the Huron, to lake
Ontario. This conjecture is not improbable,
and accounts for the singular fact that salmon
and herring are caught in all the lakes commu-
nicating with the St. Lawrence, but no others.
As the falls of Niagara must have always ex-
isted, it would puzzle the naturalist to say how
these fish got into the upper lakes without
some subterranean river; moreover, any peri-
odical obstruction of the river would furnish a
not improbable solution of the mysterious flux
and reflux of the lakes.
Dkteotion of Adulterated Wine. — M. De
Cherville gives the following useful hints for
deciding whether red wines are artificially col-
ored or not: "Pour into a glass a small quan-
tity of tbe liquid yon wish to teBt, and dissolve
a bit of potash iu it. If no sediment forms,
and if the wiue assumes a greenish hue, it has
not been artificially colored; if a violet sedi-
ment forms the wine has been colored with
elder or mulberries; if the sediment is red.it
has been colored with beet root or Pernambuco
wood; if violet red, with logwood; if yellow,
with pbytolac berries; if violet blue, with pivet
berries; and if pale violet, with sunflower."
Cure for Corns. — The safest, the most ac-
ce^ible", and the most efficient cure of a corn on
the toe is to double a piece of thick, soft buck-
skin, cut a hole in it large enough to receive the
corn, and bind it around the toe. If in addi-
tion to this the foot is soaked in warm water for
five or more minutes every night and morning,
and a few drops of sweet oil or other oily bud-.
stance, are patiently rubbed in on the end after
the soaking the corn will almost, infallibly be-
come loose enough in a few days to be easily
picked out with a fiugernail. This saves the
necessity of paring the com which operation
has sometimes been followed with painful and
dangerous symptoms. If the corn becomes in-
convenient again, repeat the process at once. —
Hall's Journal of Health.
Healthfulness of Apples. — The frequent
use of apples, either before or after meals, has
a most healthful effect upon digestion. Better
eat less meat and more fruit. An eminent
French physician thinks that the decrease of
dyspepsia and bilious affections iu Paris is
owing to the increased consumption of apples,
which fruit he maintains is an admirable pro-
phylactic and tonic, as well as a very nourish-
ing and easily digesied article of food. The
Parisians are said to devour one hundred mil-
lions of apples every winter — that is. they did
before the war. Whether this estimate i* true
0r not, the French are extravagantly fond of
Apples and other fruit.
Blasting Accidents — A Hint Worth Re-
membering.— Most people are familiar with
the fact that friction of the feet on a dry carpet
or other non-conducting floor is capable of so
charging the person with electricity that a
spark may be drawn from almost any part of
the body. Thus it is a common trick to light
the gas with the finger after shuffling along the
floor. An exchange calls attention to the cir-
cumstance that the facts just stated may prove
to be a frequent but little understood cause of
accidents in blasting, and which applies to
powder as well as nitro-glycerine. The blaster,
not aware that he is often a walking charge of
electricity, proceeds to his work, inserting car-
tridge after cartridge of nitro-glycerine, until
he comes to the last, which is armed with the
electric fuse. The moment his hand touches
one of the naked wires, a current of electricity
may pass from his body through tbe priming,
and produce an explosion. Hence, before the
blaster handles the wires he should invariably
grasp some metal in moist contact with the
earth, or place tioth hands in contact with the
moist walls of the tunnel or shaft in Vhich he
is working.
To Keep Ice from Windows. — This advice is
hardly appropriate for our California climate
under ordinary circumstances; but if the cold
continues to increase as it has for the last two
week's, it may be found useful even her: Take
an ordinary paintbrush or sponge and rub over
the glass once or twice a day, a little alcohol.
This will keep the glass as free from ice as in
middle of summer, and give as fine a polish as
can be got iu any other way.
A process of pulping leather in engines, sim-
ilar to those used for beating rags in a paper
mill, is now in use iu Massachusetts. By
rolling into sheets under considerable pressure,
a product of great tenacity, homogeuity, and
closeness of texture is obtained which is, more-
over, perfectly waterproof.
SingulabFact. — When the beautiful feathers
on the breast of a humming bird are examined
under the microscope, no colors are to be seen.
The brilliant tints come from the display of
light upon the bird under different angles.
Professional Statistics. — In England there
is one lawyer for every 1,240 of the population*
France, one for every 1,970; in Belgium, one
for every 2, 700;. and in Prussia, one for every
12,000 only. Another curious fact is
that in England' the number of persons belong-
ing to each of the different professions is nearly
the same. Thus there are 34,970 lawyers, 35,-
488 clergymen, and 45,955 physicians. In
Prussia, on the other hand, there are 4,809
physicians to only 1,362 lawyers.
Chinese Fish-Hatching. — A curious mode
of fish-hatching is said to be followed in China.
Having collected the necessary spawn from the
water's edge, the fishermen place a certain
quantity in an empty heu'segg, which is sealed
up with wax and put under the sitting hen.
After some days they break the egg, and empty
the fry into water well warmed by the sun, and
here nurse them until they are sufficiently
strong to be turned into a lake or river.
A recent patent for a map consists in having
those portions intended to represent the rivers,
lakes and oceans filled with actual water. This
is done by attaching the map to a back of vood
of sufficient; thickness. The rivers, etc., are
dug out, filled with water and glazed. Such
maps may be hung upon the wall iu tho usual
manner.
First Use of Postal Cards.— Prof. Emanuel
Herman, of Vienna, first introduced postal
cards. They were used in England, Germany,
and Switzerland in 1870, in Belgium and Den-
mark in 1871, and in Norway, Russia and the
United Stated in 1872-3. In some foreign
countries a card is attached on which an an-
swer may be returned.
Cocks' Comb3 as Food. — The combs of Span-
ish and Leghorn fowls are sold in some parts
of Europe as choice delicacies for the palates
of thoae who sigh for fresh appetizers. Under
the name of "Cretes de Coq," a supply of
these morsels has been recently imported from
Paris. The combs are of large size, both single
and rose, and are put up in white vinegar, in
long tubular glass bottles, holding about a pint,
sealed with black wax. When we say that
these small bottles cost at wholesale in Paris
more than a dollar in gold each, the reflection
is forced that many a large combed rooster
may in future be sacrificed to Mammon, as
many were offertd up to Esculapius. There
are enough large combs in the yards of some of
our breeders to make a fortune if they could be
utilized. We hope, however, the combs on the
Mediterranean class will be reduced in size,
as many large ones amount to positive deform-
ity.— Poultry World.
Miss Sedgwick has asserted that the more
intelligent a woman becomes, other things
being equal, the more judiciously she will
manage her domestic concerns. And we add
that the more knowledge a woman possesses
of the great principles of morals, philosophy
and human happiness, the more importan.ee
she will attach to her station, aud to the name
of a good housekeeper. It is only those who
have been superficially educated, or instructed
only in showy accomplishments, who despise
the ordinary duties of life as beneath their
notice. Such persons have not sufficient clear-
ness of reason to see' that domestic economy
includes everything which is calculated to make
people love home and be happy there. — O&r-
mantown Telegraph,
Beef Tea. — Take one pound of juicy, lean
beef — say a piece from the shoulder or the
round — and mince it. Put it, with its juice,
into an earthen vessel containing a pint of
tepid -water, and let the whole stand for one
hour. Then slowly heat it to the boiling point,
and let it boil for three minutes. Strain the
liquid through a colander, and stir in a little
salt. If preferred, a little pepper or allspice
may be added.
Mutton tea may be prepared in the same
way. It makes an agreeable change when the
patient has become tired of beef tea.
A chain of compressed cakes of gun cotton
tied around the trunk of a large tree and ex-
ploded will, it is stated, cut it down instantly
by the violence of its action. The cut through
tne trunk is as sharp as that made by the keen-
est ax.
The Brooklyn tower of the East river Brook-
lyn bridge was completed on the 16th of
"December. Its total hight is 268 feet— 48 feet
higher than Bunker Hill monument. It pre-
sents a very imposing appearance; we hope it
will not prove a tower of folly.
Use for Snakes. — A farmer in Washington
county, Ky., has found a practical use for a
snak6. For two years ho has had one shut up
in his corn crib, and all that time not a single
mouse has been seen there.
European Languages. — A recent calculation,
relative to the European languages shows that
English is spoken by 99,000,000 of persons,
German by 45,000,000, Spanish 55,000,000 and
French by 45,000,000. ______
Eelskins dried and cut in slips make very
strong belt lacings,
Beef Clubs. — Beef clubs are in order in
some parts of the west. A dozen or 20farmers
combine and each one agrees to furnish a fat
steer at a time allotted him. This is divided
among the members of the club. Accurate ac-
counts are kept, and at the end of the year a
settlement made. The quality of the beef is
regulated by the proportion of tallow to the
meat, a fine being levied if it falls below a cer-
tain per cent.
Sponge Gingerbread. — One cup of sour
milk, one cup of molasses, one half cup of
butter, two eggs, one and one-half teaspoonfnls
of salaratus, oue tablespoonful of ginger, flour
to make it thick as pound cake. Put the but-
ter, molasses and ginger together and make
them quite warm, then add the milk, flour
and salaratus and bake as soon as possible.
Dripping Cake. — Mix well together two
pounds of flour, a pint of warm milk, and a
tablespoonful of yeast; let it rise about half an
hour; then add half a pound of broken sugar,
a quarter of a pound of currants, and a pound
of good fresh beef dripping; boil the whole
well for nearly a qurater of an hour, and bake
in a moderately hot oven.
24
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 9, 1875.
W. B. EWER Sbhioe Editob.
OEWEY «fc CO., I»ix"blisliers.
i T. DEWEY, GEO. H. STB0NG
W. B. EWER, JKO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Bates.
SUBBOBrFXlONS payable in advance — For one year $4;
glx months, $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by reefntfirftd tettmrB or P. f>. orders at our rink
Advebtibino Bates. — 1 week. 1 month. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $i.i>0 $3.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
One inch 1.50 4 00 12.00 40.00
San Francisco:
Saturday Morning. Jan. 9, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS-
editobials AND GENERAL NEWS.—
Eastern Investors in MineB; Hydraulic Mining in
California: Academy of Sciences. 17- Brooks' Im-
proved Process of Distillation; The Bullion Product;
The Mining Laws; The Centennial Exhibition Huild-
fug, Philadelphia, 1876, 24-25. The United States
of Colombia; Patents and Inventions; Congress; The
SpaniBh Revolution; Terrible Explosion, and other
Items of News, 28-
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Hydraulic Mining in Califor-
nia, 17. International Exhibition; The Centennial
Art Gallery, 25.
CORRES -ONDEMCE.- Arizona— The Dreary De-
sert Trip— The Quaha^e Mines, 18.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS. — Economic Use
of Fuel; Glass for Veneering, Paneling, Etc.; New
Engraving Process; Imitation Patents; Improving
Kiver Navigation; Cutting Steel KailB Cold; Bronzes
Inorustes; A New Shell; Improvement in Map Mak-
ing, 19-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— The Vacuum an Ab-
solute Non-Conductor of iilectricitv; Singular Cause
of Boiler Explosion; The Magic Lantern in Disease;
The Mysteries of the Human Throat; Metallic Sul-
phides; Action of MagDetB on Spectra; An Experi-
ment with Silver; Fatty Matters in Cast Iron, 19.
JOINING STOCK MARKJET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stuck Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of Stock
Market for the Week. 20.
MINING SUMMARY.— From various counties in
California and Nevada, 20-21.
GOOD HEALTH. Wet and Dry Bathing; Poisoned
Confectionery; A Singular Case; Cure for Corns:
Healtntulness of Apples; Care of the Ear; Effect of
Imagination; Ignorant Practitioners, 23.
USEFUL INFORMATION. — Mystery of the
Lakes; Blasting Accidents— A Hiot Worth Remem-
bering; To Keep Ice from Windows; Singular Fact;
Combustion of Coal; Spontaneous Fire in Hay; De-
tection of Adulterated Wine; Professional Statistics;
Chinese Fish Hatching; First Use of Postal Cards;
Use for Snakes; European Languages, 23.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY. — Importance of the
Inorganic Constituents ot Food; Cocks' Combs as
Food; Beef Tea; Beef Clubs; Sponge Gingerbread;
Dripping Cake. 23.
MISCELLANEOUS.— The Empire Mine; Placers
in Nevada; I'he New "C and C. Shaft;" Covered up
the Nugget; Beaver District; Village Belle, 18. Jute;
TheO"iuha Mine; Panamint District; The Eureka
Mine; Lively Times on the Comstock; Paper Barrels,
22. South Mountain; New York Hill Mine; Gold in
Sonora; Geological Puzzle; Opening Outside Mines;
Coal Borer; Hew Shaft; From Alturas, 26.
The Mining Laws.
Within the past week no doubt many thou-
sand mining claims have been re-located, by
reasm of forfeiture of claims by the owners not
complying with the provisions of the mining
laws of the United States. The fact that claims
have been located by parties not original own.
ers, has no doubt created considerable dis-
satisfaction in many places. There seems to
be, moreover,a difficulty among the miners con-
cerning the correct interpretation of tne law,
and it is to be expected that considerable liti-
gation will arise from disputes as to ownership
of mines. A correspondent, one of many,
writes to us from Mon tor, Alpine county, and
says: "On Jan. 2d, 1875, the writer re-located
a claim in this to *d. which claim at the time
had not received the amount of work upon it
required by the law which took effect upon the
advent of the new year. Does the re-location
hold good?
It is to be supposed that by this time the
miners know the amount o"f expenditure re-
quired on their claims annually. On claims
located after May 10. 1872, $100 of work must
be done or improvements made each year; and
on claims located prior to May 10, 1872, $10
worth of work for eaoh 100 feet on the vein,
until a patent is issued. The time required for
fir* 6 anuuai expenditure on claims located prior
to the pis-age of the Act, was extended twice,
the Ia*L time to January 1, 1875. Those claims
nut patented were subject to the provisions of
the law requiring expenditure and if the work
was not done is most decidedly open to reloca-
tion. If the claim referred to by our corres-
pondent had not had the work done upon it,
or the improvements made which were required,
his re-location most certainty holds good.
However, even if located after the passage
of thf Act of May 10th, 1872, and the annual
expenditure had not been made within the year,
it was open to re-location in both cases; pro-
vided, however, that the original locators had
not commenced work upon it on the 1st of Jan-
nary. If they only did five minutes work on it
on that day, however, their chances are good
for holding, as the law says the claims can be
held provided the original locators, their heirs
or assig b have resumed work on the date above
ment.oned. It d es nut say that they must do
ali the work continuously from that day, but
simply that they must have "resumed work."
Sticking to the letter of the law they may do
$50 worth of work on the first day of the year,
and $50 on the last and still hold their ground.
This view is maintained to be right by many
competent judges.
Our correspondent also says that another
claim was jumped in which is a large quantity
of valuable machinery, hoisting works, e etc.
He wants to know if the location holds whether
the machinery becomes forfeit also. To this
we may answer assuredly not. The Govern-
ment owned the land and gave it to be worked
on certain conditions; when the conditions are
not fulfilled, the Government simply reserved
the right to take it back and give it to some one
else who will fulfill the conditions. It never
owned the machinery and has nothing to do
with it, that being property entirely out of the
Government reach. There is no mention in
the law of forfeiture of machinery. If the
claim is not worked it may be re-located; but
you can't originally locate machinery, so you
can't re-locate it.
A decision made last month by the Depart-
ment in a hypotbttu al ca>e may be of interest,
or decide some important question among the
miners. It is as follows:
"A claim located prior to March 10, 1872,
upon whii'h the amount required by the Act of
that date shall since have been expended will
not be subject to re-location January 1, 1875,
provided that the claimants have complied, in
all respects, with the local laws."
That is as much as to say that provided the
first annual expenditure has been made at any
time since May 10th, 1872, the claim could not
be relocated on the 1st of January even though
the work was not done in 1874. Such claims
are safe until January 1876.
Another correspondent says he has located
1500 feet on a ledge, then moved 10 feet away
from the end of his claim, -sunk ji shaft and
claimed 1500 feet more. He wants to know
whether he can hold both. He cannot hold
both claims in any such way, as the law ex-
pressly states that a miner can only locate 1500
feet on one veto. But he can get some one else
to locate the other olaim in the usual way, and
then buy him out and so get possession legally
of the whole 3,000 feet. But what a man wants
wit a 3000 feet of a ledge is a puzzle. Il is hard
work enough generally to take care of 1,000
feet.
The Bullion Product.
The total bullion product of the Pacific
States and Territoiies for the year 1873 was
$72,258,693. This year it was $74,401 055
showing an increase of $2 142,362 over 1873.
Jno. J. Valentine, General Superintendent of
Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, who computes
the most reliable statistics on this point writes
a6 follows:
We hand you herewith a copy of our annual
statement of precious metals produced in the
States and Territories west of the Missouri
river, including British Colombia, during 1874,
which shows an aggregate yield of $74,401,055,
being an excess of $2,142,3*62 over 1873. Cali-
fornia, Nevada, Ut.ih, Colorado and British
Columbia increased; Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, Montana, Arizona and Mexico (west
coast) decreased. The increase in Nevada and
Colorado is merely nominal, but in California
and Utah it is $3,100,000, three-fourths of
which is to the credit of California.
lllt&llllll
co oo o to as oo
CO oi O co — >■ en —
Or wo
Gold Dust and Bullion
by Express.
mm »a <*» en *. »-»
co "ca "i-> '-a « co "oi oi
co -j co c. co ZTi co or
-JO*
wo;
o o *
- r: '"*- "—
Gold Dust and Bullion
by
other Conveyances.
Silver Bullion by
Express.
Ores and Base Bullion
by Freight.
In our statement for 1873 we referred to the
yield— $72, 258,693 -as "undoubtedly the lar-
gest, for one year, in the history of the coast."
The accuracy of the statement has been ques-
tioned, and the yield of 1853 referred to as
b-ing greater. Dr. L'nd^rman, Director of the
U. S. Mint, whose information is probably as
leliable as may be had, names $65,000,000 as
the amount produc d in 1853, and that amount
was not exceeded until 1873, which is now ex-
ceeded by 1874, and the recent developments
on the Comstuc'; lode justify the belief that the
total product for 1875 will approximate $80,-
000,000, Yours truly, Jno. J. Valentine,
General Superintendent.
Brooks7 Improved Process of Distillation.
We take pleasure in laying be/ore onr read-
ers an improvement in distillation, which.the
inventor, Mr. Bobert C. Brooks, of this city,
has just patented through the Mining and
Scientific Press Patent Agency. Before de-
scribing the process we will state that Mr.
Brooks is a practical distiller, of about thirty
years' experience, the last ten years of that
time having been expended in completing the
improvements which he has just secured by
patent. By the new process and improved ap-
paratus the inventor claims to produce alcoholic
spirits directly from the still, and by a single
distillation, which are absolutely free from fusi
oil. We have seen the reports of several of
our best chemists, who have analyzed the pro-
ducts of Mr. Brooks' process and which verified
his claims to purity and the absence of fusil
oil. It is held by many persons that whiskey
without fusil oil would be of no value, in fact
that it would not be whiskey, but alcohol.
This error of opinion arises from the fact that
fusil oil, or amylic acid, as it is chemically
known, is erroneously supposed by many per-
sons, and even in some of our standard books,
is defined as the oil of grain, oil of potato, etc.
Mr. Brooks has discovert- d, and his experiments
have proven, that the essential oil of grain is an
entirely separate product, which vaporizes
below, or at about the boiling point of water,
212° Fahr., while fusil oil requires a tempera-
ture of 280° to be converted into a vapor. This
would therefore spoil such an argument. All
the volatile products which are obtained from
wort, volatilize below the boiling point of
wa^er, except fusil oil, and between the boiling
point of the^e two products there is a diflVrenoe
or space of temperature of about 70 degrees.
Mr. Brooks takes advantage of this difference
or space of temperature to prevent the volatil-
ization of the fusil oil and leave it in the spent
wort, and to do this he has invented an im-
proved distilling apparatus which he has also
secured by letters patent. This apparatus is
so constructed that it is impossible to obtain a
temperature in the upper chamber of the still
exceeding- the boiling point of water or 212°
Fahr. Consequently we can only convert to
vapor those pioducts of the wort which volatil-
ize at a point below that temperature, thus
leaving the fusil oil and a large portion of the
water in the wort. The ether which is first
volatilized, is condensed and withdrawn entirely
from the siill before the alcoholic product
begins to vaporize so that the subsequent op-
eration proceeds without hiudmnce.
Mr. Brooks calls his still an automatic pul-
sating still, because when it is at work its
operation is automatically intermittent, thus
producing a pulsation as the products of differ
ent specific gravities pass up into the conden-
ser.
We cannot spare the space in which to de-
scribe the complete construction and operation
of this improved apparatus, and to attempt to
give the reader a full understanding of the
claims of the inventor, without such descrip-
tion would be folly. We will, however, at-
tempt to show the importance of the invention
and explain the theory upon which it is based.
Wort, which is the fermented solution from
which spirits are obtai ed contains four volatil-
izable products which vaporize as follows,
(Fan) : ether, 173°; alcohol, 188°; water, 212°
and fusil oil. 269°. It will be Been that the
water product stands between the alcohol aDd
fut.il oil, giving a clear space of 81° Fah. of
temperature bttween the desirable and unde-
siiable products.
In Mr. Brooks' apparatus he employs a con-
densing and sep irating vessel between the
upper chamber of the still and the main con-
denser through wbich a constant stream of
cold water is made to pass, and this vessel re-
ceiving the vapors of ether which first pass
from the still condenses them without allowing
them to pass into the worm of the still. The
condensed ether is then withdrawn entirely
from the still before the next product (alcohol)
enters the vessel. The condensation of the
ether raises the temperature of the vessel so
that the alcoholic vapors will pass oyer into the
worm and to the main condenser before it is
oondensed.
Messrs. Van Winkle & Brooks the proprie-
tors of this patent have a large still in practical
operation at School House station, near this
city, with which they have proven beyond a
doubt that the result of their process is all that
is claimed for it.
As is usually remarked in such cases "the
greatest wonder is that distillers "have been so
1 ng seeking for some method or process for
frteing spirits from fusil oil without discover-
ing this simple common-sense plan. Fre-
quently the very thing we seek for lies just at
our doors while we explore the country in a
vain search for it. The rationale of the process
comprises nothing that is not familiar to the
chemist. It only required that this and that be
put together and a practical means of carrying
out the plan devised to produce the long
looked for result. We shall speak again of this
invention as it is developed.
The Jersey mines are attracting a good share
of attention. The mines are situated 50 miles
in a direction weBt of north from Battle Moun-
tain, Nev. But little work has been done, ex-
\ cept on the Trimble mine.
The Centennial Exhibition Building,
Philadelphia, 1876.
We will suppose that all the readers of the
Rural Press have already heard of the manner
in which it is proposed to celebrate the hundredth
anniversary of the existence of the United States
as an independent nation, and of the magnificent
building in which all the nations of the earth are
invited to exhibit their products. Of this build-
ing we give a splendid illustration, as also of the
Art Gallery, which it is expected will contain
some of the most distinguished works of painting
and sculpture to be found in Europe or America.
The whole structure will be supported on piers
of massive masonry, while the superstructure
will consist of wrought iron columns with roof
triasses of the same material. The columns will
be of rolled channel bars with plates riveted to
the flanges, while the roof trusses are straight
rafters with struts and tie bars. The building
in shape, a parallelogram, extends east and west
1,688 feet, and north and south 464 feet.
Should necessity arise, these dimensions will be
increased.
The Principal Buildings
Are the Main Building, the Art Gallery, the Ma-
chinery Hall, the Agricultural and the Horticul-
tural Halls. In the aggregate they cover a floor
space of about 46 acres.
The larger portion of the structure is one story
in highth, and shows the main cornice upon the
outside at 45 feet above the ground, the interior
hight being 70 feet. At the centre of the longer
sides are projections 416 feet in length, and in the
centre of the shorter sides or ends of the building
are projection's 216 feet in length. In these pro-
jections, in the centre of the four sides, are locat-
ed the main entrances, which are provided with
arcades upon the ground floor, and central facades
extending to the highth of 90 feet.
Upon the corners of the building there are lour
towers 75 feet in highth, and between the towers
and the central projections or entrances, there is
a lower roof introduced showing a cornice 24 feet
above the ground.
In order to obtain a central feature for the
building as a whole, the roof over the central
part, for 184 feet square, has been raised above
the surrounding portion, and four towers, 48 feet
square, rising to 120 feet in highth, have been in-
troduced at the corners of the elevated roof.
The areas covered are as follows:
Ground Floor 872,320 sq.feet 20 02 acres.
UpperFloors in projections. 37,344 " " .85 "
" " in to were .... 26,344 " " .60 "
Total 936,008 " " 21.47 "
Ground Plan.
The general arrangement of the ground plan
shows a central avenue or nave 120 feet in width,
and extending 1,832 feet in length. This is the
longest avenue of that width ever introduced into
an Exhibition Building. On eilher side of this
nave there is an avenue 100 feet by 1,832 feet in
length. Between the nave and side avenues are
aisles 48 feet wide, and on the outer sides of the
building smaller aisles 24 feet in width.
In order to 'break the great length of the roof
lines, three cro.^s avenues or transepts have been
introduced of the same widths and in the same
relative positions to each other as the nave and
avenues running lengthwise, viz: a central tran-
sept 120 feet in width by 416 feet in length, with
one on either side of 100 feet by 416 feet, and
aisles between of 48 feet.
The intersections of these avenues and transepts
in the central portion of the building result in di-
viding the ground floor into nine open spaces free
from snpporting columns, and covering in the
aggregate an area of 416 feet square. Four of
these spaces are 100 feet square, four 100 feet by
120 feet, and the central space or pavilion 120
feet square. The intersections of the 48 foot
aisles produce four interior courts 48 feet square,
one at each corner of the central space.
The main promenades through the nave and
central transept are each 30 feet in width, and
those through the center of the side avenues and
transepts 15 feet each. All other walks are 10
feet wide, and lead at either end to exit doors.
The Art Gallery.
Is located on a line parallel with and northward
of the Main Exhibition Building.
It is on the most commanding portion of great
Lansdowne Plateau and looks southward over the
city.
It is elevated on a terrace six feet above the gen-
eral level of the plateau — the plateau itself being
an eminence 116 feet above the surface of the
Schuylkill River.
The entire structure is in the modern renais-
sance. The materials are Granite, Glass and
Iron. No, Wood is used in*the construction, and
the building is thoroughly fireprcfof. The struc-
ture is 365 feet in length, 210 feet in width, and
59 feet in highth over a spacious basement 12 feet
in highth, surrounded by a dome.
The dome rises from the center of the structure
to the highth of 150 feet from the ground. It is of
Glass and Iron and of a unique design; it termi-
nates in a colossal bell— from which the figure of
Columbia rises with protecting hands.
A figure of colossal size stands at each comer
January g, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
25
of the base of the dome. These figures typify
the four quarters of the globe.
The main entrance opens on a hall 82 feet
long, 60 leet wide, and 53 feet high, decorated
in the modern renaissance style; on the farther
side of this hall, three doorways, each 16 feet
wide and 25 feet high, open into the center
hall; this hall is 83 feet square, the ceiling
14 feet wide, which opens on its north line into a
series of private rooms, thirteen in number, de-
signed for studios and smaller exhibition rooms.
All the galleries and central hall are lighted
from above; the pavilions and studios are lighted
from the sides. The pavilions and central hall
are designed especially for exhibitions of sculp-
ture. There will be
Dept. VII. Apparatus and methods for the in-
crease and diffusion of knowledge.
Dept. VIII. Engineering, public works, arch-
itecture,
Dept. IX. Plastic and graphic arts.
Dept. X. Objects illustrating efforts for the
improvement of the physical, intellectual and
moral condition of man.
In this connection we may mention that the
San Francisco Journal of Commerce has ap-
plied for a space 50x50, wherein to represent raw
materials and staples produced on the Pacific
Coast.
How the Work Progresses.
Philadelphia papers represent the work as pro-
gressing favorably. The contractor is trying to
wm*mmmw
Nei<i§>^-
the dome rising over it So feet in highth.
From its east and west sides extend the galler-
es, each 9S feet long, 48 leet wide, and 35 feet
n highth. These galleries admit of;temporary di-
isions lor the more advantageous display of paint-
Ten Departments
Of classification, divided into one hundred and
nine groups, subdivided into one thousand and
ninety-nine classes. The departments of classifi-
catfon will be as follows:
The Pacific Coast Commissioners
With their alternates are as follows:
California — j Dunbar Creigh, San Francisco; al-
ternate, Benj. P Kooser, Santa Cruz. Oregon — J
W Virtue, Baker City; alternate, A J Ditfur,
place the Memorial Hall under temporary cover*
to allow work inside during the winter. The
interior walls have reached a highth of about fifty
feet, or above the span of the arches which form
the entrance to the magmficient vestibule. On
lgs. The center hall and galleries form "one
rand hall 2S7 feet long and 85 feet wide, capa-
le of holding eight thousand persons, nearly
vice the dimensions of the largest hall in the
)untry. From the two galleries, doorways open
ito two smaller galleries, 28 feet wide and S9
:et long. These open north and south into pri-
He apartments which connect with the pavilion
)oms, forming two side galleries 210 feet long,
.long the whole length of the north side of the
tain galleries and central hall extends a corridor
THEUCENTENNIAL ART GALLERY.
Dept. I. Materials in their unwrought condi-
tion— mineral, vegetable and animal.
Dept. II. Materials and manufactures the re-
sult of extractive or combining processes.
Dept. III. Textile and felted fabrics — apparel,
costumes and ornaments for the person.
Dept. IV. Furniture and manufactures of gen-
eral use in construction and in dwellings.
Dept. V. Tools, implements, machines and
processes.
^Dept. VI. Motors and transportation."^
Portland. "^Nevada— W W McCoy, Eureka; al-
ternate, Jas W Haines. Genoa. Utah— John H
Wickiyer, Salt Lake City; alternate, Oscar G
Sawyer, Salt Lake City. Idaho— Thos Donald--
son, Boise City; alternate, Christopher W Moote,
Boise City. Montana — W H Claggett, Deer
Lodge City; alternate, Patrick A Largey, Vir-
ginia City. Washington Territory — Elwood Ev-
ans, Olympia; alternate, Alexander S Abernelhy,
Cowlitz county. Arizona — Hon. Richard C Mc-
Cormick, D. C.; alternate, John Walson, Tucson.
the|exterior walls all the rough granite up to the
warer-table" is in place, and on the southwest
corner the masons have laid a considerable quan-
tity of the fine Richmond granite which is to
form the superstructure. Enough is now laid at
the Memorial Hall to indicate its beauty and dem-
onstate the imposing character of the edifice. The
granite at the southwest corner is about six feet
above the water-table. It is backed with brick,
laid in cement, the entire wall being five feet thick
and is to be continued to the full highth.
26
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 9, 1875.
South Mountain.
This camp which, until recently, has been
wholly unknown to everybody with the excep-
tion of a few, is now commencing to attract the
attention of capit lists, both in Idaho and
Nevada, and is destined to become a large
and prosperous mining camp at no far distant
day.
The South Mountain
Consolidated Mining company-, an organization
which numbers among its members several
wealthy and influential citizens, not only of
Owyhee, hut also of San Francisco, has em-
ployed a large number of men all the fall in
the work of extracting the precious metal from
the bowels of mother earth, and consequently
has a large amount of ore on hand which will
yield $300 to $500 per ton. They have recently
constructed a large furnace for the purpose of
smelting the ores of that camp, and have ap-
pointed Sam "Weasels, a skillful metallurgist,
and one of the original looators of the camp, to
superintend the works.
The Furnace is now Working to a Charm,
And surpasses the most sanguine expectations
of those who always had the utmost confidence
in its ultimate success. "We understand that it
is the intention of the company to erect
another furnace next spriug. We, in common
with hundreds of others who take an interest in
the future welfare of Owyhee county, sincerely
hope that suocess will crown their efforts, and
that they will succeed in every enterprise which
they may undertake; for it depends on the suc-
cess of the persons who have money invested
in South Mountain for the success of every
person in Owyhee county. Comparatively
speaking, the people of South Mountain have,
until quite recently, been isolated, they being
almost entirely cut off from any connection
with the outside world ; but now that Platte
Burr, the energetic superintendent of the
Atlantic Pacific, Nevada and Northern Tele-
graph Line, has extended his line of telegraph
from
Silver City to South Mountain,
The people of that isolated burg 'can no longer
be wholly ignorant of what is transpiring
around them. Next spring, when the company
commences mining operations in good earnest
and the permanency and value of the mines
become established, good wagon-roads will un-
doubtedly be constructed from various points,
or no doubt some enterprising man will run a
regular line of stages from Silver City to South
Mountain. South Mountain City, formerly
Bullion City, is located in close proximity to
to Silver City, both camps not being over 30
miles distant from each other. This circum-
stance cannot fail to be of great benefit, finan-
cially, to the people of both camps, inasmuch
as they can go from one camp to another in a
day's ride. , When we take all our natural ad-
vantages into consideration we are led to the
conclusion that there is, as we have already
stated, a bright future in store for the people
of Owyhee county. We think' that when the
sun of another summer shall make its appear-
ance that Silver City and South Mountain com-
bined will
Employ at Least 2,000 Men,
And we furthermore think that the day is not
far distant when Owyhee county will prove it-
self to be one of the richest and most extensive
gold and silver prodncing districts on the
Pacific Coast. — Cor. Bedrock Democrat.
New York Hill Mine.
This mine is owned by an incorporated com-
pany, whose principal place of business is at
San Franaisco. The most of the stock of the
company is owned by the estate of the late A.
Delano. The miue is situated about two miles
and a half south of Grass Yulley, It employs
45 miners, and is paying, at the present time,
$2.50 per day to each aimer. It is said that at
an early day, and as soon as the mine has
something better of surroundings, full wiges
will be paid. The cost of drifting is $15 prr
foot, and stoping costs $15 per ton, making the
extraction of ore cost $15 pel: ton. Milling the
ore costs §4.50 per ton, and the work has been
so far done at the Larrimer mill. The number
of tons worked during the year has been about
500, and the average yield has ber-n not less
than §50 per ton, making a total bullion yield
of $25,000. The location is about 3.000 feet in
length, and the ledge runs northeast and south-
west, dipping to the northeast. The length of
pay zme, so far as explored is 1,400 feet, with
an average thickness of 2% feot. The country
rock, as far as explored, consists of greenstone
and slate. The ledge is worked through a tun-
nel which has now a total length of 750 feet
Th re are two drifts opened from the tunnel.
There are 40O feet of backs above .the tunnel
wordings. On the ledge there is a shaft, not
used at present, but which is available at any
time for working, of the depth of 700 feet. The
total length of drifts in the mine is 500 feet.
Mr. Joseph Snyder is the Superintendent of
the mine. — Grass Valley Union.
Gold in Sonoka.. — There is a report in
Tucson, Arizona, regarding a rich gold mine
in Sonora, on the San Miguel river, near Urea.
Some lumps, worth $60, which were obtained
by washing with a wooden bowl, have been ex-
hibited here. The claims cover a mountain
two mileB square, more or less, and gold is
found on the entire surface. High up on the
mountain a great deal of mining was done a
century ago and continued down to the point
where the vein turned to sulphurats of silver,
which they could not work.
Geological Puzzle.
Prof. E. Weiser, of Georgetown, Colorado,
contributes the following to the Journal of
Science and Arts: Geologists have been not a
little perplexed with the frozen rocks found in
some of our silver mines in Clear Creek county,
Colorado. I will first give a statement of the
facts in the case, and then a theory for their
explanation. There is a silver mine high up
on McCiellau mountain called the Stevens
mine. The altitude of this mine is 12,500
feet. At the depth of from 60 to 200 feet, the
crevice matter, eoDsisting of silica, calcite and
ore, together with the surrounding wall-rocks,
is found to be in a solid, frozen mass. Mc-
Clellan mountain is one of the highest eastern
spurs of the Snowy range; it has the form of a
horseshoe, with a bold escarpment of felds-
pathic rock, near 2,000 feet high, which in
some places is nearly perpendicular. The Ste-
vens mine is situated in the southwestern bed
of the great horseshoe; it opens from the north-
western. A tunnel is driven into the mountain
on the lode, where the rock is almost perpen-
dicular. Nothing unusual occurred until a
distance of some 80 or 90 feet was made; and
then the frozen territory was reached, and it
has continued for over 200 feet. There are. no
indications of a thaw, summer or winter; the
whole frozen territory is surrounded by hard,
massive rock, and the lode itself is as hard
and solid as the rock. The miners being
unable to excavate the- frozen material by pick
or drill, to get out th*e ore, (for it is a rich lode,
running argentiferous galena from 5 to 1,200
ounces to the ton), found the only way was to
kindle a large wood fire at night against the
back end of the tunnel, and thus thaw the fro-
zen material, and in the morning take out the
disintegrated ore. This has been the mode of
mining for more than two years. The tunnel
is over 200 feet deep, and there is no diminu-
tion of the frost; it seems to be rather increas-
ing. There is, so far as we can see, no open-
ing or channel through which the frost could
possibly have Reached such a depth from the
surface. There are other mines in the same
vicinity in a like frozen state.
From what we know of the depth to which
frost usually penetrates into the earth, it does
not appear probable that it could have reached
the depth of 200 feet through the solid rock in
the Stevens mine, nor even through the crevice
matter of the lode, which as we have stated, is
as hard as the rock itself. The idea, then, of
the frost reaching such a depth from the out-
side, being utterly untenable, 1 can do no othor
way than to fall back upon the Glacial era of
the Quaternary. Evidences of the Glacial
period are found all over the Rocky mountains.
Just above the Stevens mine there are the
remains of a moraine nearly a mile long, and
half a mile wide. The debris of this moraine
consists of small square and angular stones,
clearly showing that they have not come from
any great distance-. And just over the range,
on the Pacific slope, there are the remains of
the largest moraine I have ever seen, consist-
ing of fieldspathic boulders of immense size.
I conclude, therefore, that it was during that
period of intense cold that the frost penetrated
so far down into these rocks, and that it has
been there ever since, and bids fair to remain
for a long time to come.
Opening Outside Mines.
Oar brother editors here in Virginia are
spliitiug hairs about something which we sus-
pect they would not disagree about for a mo-
ment if they would sit down and exchange
ideas instead of firing at long range at each
other, as they are now doing. One wants meu
of small means to explore Eastern Nevada
and open up new enterprises. The other re-
torts "Oh, yes, give up four dollars a day and
go to Eastern Nevada and starve." Now both
are right and both are wrong. It would be
foolish to leave a means of making a comfort-
able livelihood to go on auy uncertainty. But
if several men, each with a surplus of several
thousand dollars, choose to make up a purse
with a part of their hoarded means to open
some as yet unexplored field, there can be no
objection; on the other hand, there is every
reason to encourage such a course, for it is
by such means that new mines are developed
and new districts opened. There are two
reasons why so mauy mining enterprises are
failures. They are generally, first, lack of
judgment, aud secondly, lack of means. One-
half the woik done on mines in this State is
dead work, because men followed their hopes
after their leads were lost. In this we are
not talking of the chronic prospector, whose
feet have climbed every hill in the State, and
who, were he to come upon a Potosi today,
would trade it to-morrow for a mustang and
a sack of flour to follow again his dream.
Such mortals need a book of their own to
describe them as they are. But, with careful
business men, the easiest thing in the world
is to be mistaken about a mine or the best way
to explore it. Hence, this work should be ap-
proached with the greatest care, and never
started uutil capital sufficient to a little more
than do the expected work is secured. For
meu of small capital there is no way to go to
work except by means of joint-stock companies
or incorporations. The proof of this is, that
notwithstanding thousands have tried, the
really successful mining enterprises in the State
outside of Storey county can be counted on
one's fingers, and that after 12 years of toil.
But if a company of men will each put in his
quota, then secure a property which a man of
experience is sure will justify the work, and go
to work praotically and honestly, the proba-
bility is that they will more certainly secure a
fortune than by wandering about'these streets
and betting on a guess. — Virginia Enterprise.
Coal Boeer. — The Nanaimo Free Press says:
The Vancouver Coal company are importiug
from England a Diamond Rock Boring ma-
chine which is calculated to work 'wonders in
piercing the hard rock of the country hereabout.
A machine similar to the one the company have
obtained has been in operation at Middleboro'-
on-Tees, and it bored a hole 690 feet in sand-
stone in the short space of three months, in-
cluding the time occupied in fixing the engine
aud apparatus. By the Diamond Drill samples of
the strata passed through are brought up in the
form of cylindrical cores. Such a method mustbe
invaluable, -securing, as it does, solid specimens
of the rocks and minerals, which cannot only
be judged by appearance in their natural con-
dition, but may be analyzed without risk of
error by mixture with contiguous rocks, as in
the old system of boring. The speed of bor-
ing with the new patent drill is considered to
be from six to twelve times quicker than by
the ordinary way.
New Shaft. — A new shaft thro*ugh which
to work that portion of the great bonanza lying
in the Consolidated Virginia and California
mines was started a few days since. The shaft
will be of the largest size, and will be pushed
downward as rapidly as possible. Its location
is 1,040 feet northward from the main shaft of
the Consolidated Virginia mine, aud it will be
known as "C and C" shaft. As soon as it shall
have been completed, hoisting apparatus of the
most improved pattern will be pliced upon the
surface and everything prepared to bring the
great ore body below to daylight. And what
with this and other improvements both in con-
templation and in actual progress at our mines
and the building of business and dwelling
houses on every hand about us, a most pros-
perous season for builders and mechanics gen-
erally seems about dawning, or, rather, to have
already dawned.
The Cerro Gordo furnace men, says the Inyo
Jndependent, since the establishment of the
smelting industry have been dilligenily prose-
outing experiments with a view to ascertaining
exactly how to construct a furnace that will
wear the longest and produce the best results.
The annual increase of bullion testifies to their
success; but of late some improvements have
been introduced which seem likely to supersede
all the old styles. Belshaw has in very suc-
cessful operation what is known as a "water
jacket," which is simply a double iron boiler,
the inner one lined with fire clay, and between
them is the water. Beaudry proposes substi-
tuting a species of soapstone, found some five
miles south of the town, for the molded fire-
clay brick hitherto in use. The stone has been
used in "patching," and found to stand the
intense heat for a loDg time.
From Altukas. — Hon. S. B. Dilly and lady
have arrived from Rocky Bar; the latter will
remain with her friends through the winter,
while Mr D. will return after a short visit. The
news which Mr. Dilly brings from Alturas shows
a healthy state of affairs in that camp. He says
they have a fair quantity of supplies, and the
freight now on the road will get in, and they
will have an abundance. There don't appear
to be any idle men in the camp, as has usually
been the caso during the winter. Dr. Newton,
Superintendent of the Pittsburg company Col.
Ward of the Valley company, Mr. Cavanaugh,
of the Buffalo company, Mr Thomas, of the
Wide TWst company and Jake Reaser &, Co.
who own the Visbuu and have also leased the
mines of "Waul & Bros., are each working
about ten men, and the Pittsburg, Valley and
Wide Wrst mills are running nearly all the
time night and day with good results. — Idaho
Statesman.
From an Inventor.
The following letter, which was recently re-
ceived from an old client of Dewey & Co., now
residing in one of the Eastern States, speaks
for itself :
Gentlemen: It was through your house that I se-
cured my first patent, and although I hive since dono
business here in the Atlantic States with the ablest pat-
ent solicitors — gentlemen who have done me justice — yet
I have often regretted that you were too far off to ad-
vise with me in my cases. It has taken a longer time
with every patent I have taken out since I left Cali-
fornia and came East, than iu the cases you prepared
for me In San Francisco, which is certainly very credi-
table to you.
By the wny, one of my patents has passed the ordeal
which is the essential test of a patent's value. I mean
that of a trial in the courts, and it stood the battling
of one of th« best lawyers in the country. The speci-
fications and claims were completely made out and
there was a perfect comprehension of its principle dur-
ing the trial. Since giving it this test we tuought that
we would make it even stronger, if possible, and sub-
mitted it to one of the best patent solicitors for advice.
After a careful examination of tue case he advised us
to let it alone as it stood, saying that whoever made up
those papers understood their business. I then in-
formed him that they were drawn up by Dewey & Co .,
of San Francisco, and he replied that he knew yon
very well by reputation. Very truly yours,
L. L. Sawyer.
Meridan, Conn., May 16, 1874.
Truckee, Cal., July 10, 1874.
Messrs. Dewey 4l Co.— Gen tlcmen.- My patent is just
received, and is entirely satisfactory. Permit me to
tender you my sincerest ihanks for the care and atten-
tion, the promptness and interest you have displayed
In managing my affairs. Gratefully yours
0. F, McGlashan,
DEWEY & CO.
American & Foreign Patent Agents,
OFFICE, 224 SANSOME STREET, 8. F.
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EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD
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Our long experience in obtaining patents for
Inventors on this Coast has familiarized us
with the character of most of the inventions
already patented; hence we are frequently
able to save our patrons the cost of a fruitless
application by pointing them to the same
thing already covered by a patent. We are
always free to advise applicants of any
knowledge we have of previous applications
which will interfere with their obtaining a
patent.
We invite the acquaintance of all parties con-
nected with inventions and patent right busi-
ness, believing that the mutual conference of
legitimate business and professional men is
mutual gain. Parties in doubt in regard to
their rights as assignees of patents, or pur-
chasers of patented articles, can often receive
advice of importance to them from a short
call at our office.
Remittances of money, made by individual in-
ventors to the Government, sometimes mis-
carry, and it has repeatedly happened that
applicants have not only lost their money
but their inventions also, from this cause and
consequent delay. We hold ourselves re-
sponsible for all fees entrusted to our agency.
The principal portion of the patent business of
this coast has been done, and is still being
done, through our agency. We are familiar
with, and have full records, of all former
cases, and can more directly judge of the
value and patentability of inventions discov-
ered here than any other agents.
Situated so remote from the seat of government,
delays are even more dangerous to the invent-
ors of the Pacific Coast than to applicants in
the Eastern States. Valuable patents may be
lost by the extra time consumed in transmit-
ting specifications from Eastern agencies back
to this coast for the signature of the inventor.
Confidential,
We take great pains to ' preserve secrecy in all
confidential matters, and applicants for pat-
ents can rest assured that their communi-
cations and business transactions will be held
strictly confidential by us. Circulars free.
Engravings.
We have superior artists in our own office, and
all facilities for producing fine and satisfac-
tory illustrations of inventions and machinery,,
for newspaper, book, circular and other
printed illustrations, and are always ready to
assist patrons in bringing their valuable is-
coveries into practical and profitable use.
DEWEY & CO.,
United States and Foreign Patent Agents, pub-
lishers Mining and Scientific Press and the
Pacifio Rural Press, 224 Sansome St., S. P,
i
■v.,
b
I
E
85
January g, 1875.J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
27
The Mining and Scientific
Press—Ever Onward.
Our careful *fM*m of compiling, JuJtc.oiiH.y cod -
dezulug, and conveniently arranging loco regular dc-
p*rtm<nt«, hat. been Uoartily endurw-j. It renders Mlti
paper worth nan to Aiders, wno cad tind handily Uut
whKL ixjt.-r.-«t» them most.
The weekly iMQL-t) of the Pbui will cohtain reliable
Information for Practical Miners,
Treating on tho Opening of Mines; Mining of Orea ;
Hilling of Ores ; Smelting of Oren ; Separation and
Boarting of Orea; Amalgamation ; Saving of Gold and
ail precious MetaU : New Proceaw-8 of Metallur:'\ . N< w
DhKorerlea of afinea ; Mining Engineering and Hy-
draulic*.
For Inventors, Mechanics and Manufac-
turers.
All new and Important development*) in Solentiflc
aii<l M< 'hanlcal Progress; Patents and Inventions of
the Paciiic States ; Pnigresu of Some Industrie ; Hints
•or Local Manufacturers : Illustrations of N<w Ma
ahlnery ; Report* of Popular Sclentlflo and Industrial
Lectur'M.
Our Mining Summary
Given the progress of mining work from week to week
Id the various counties and districts throughout the
principal mining regions of the United States, arranged
m alpbalietlcal OraST. It in the most extensive record
of mining operations published in the world. It afforas
the Intelligent miner a rare opportunity to know and
iroflt by the work and experience of his neighbors.
liners have few sources of practical luf urination in
heir calling, and should onibrace every reliable means
for improvement. Mining Operators and Shareholders,
it home and abroad, weekly examine our Suninmry with
Increased interest and profit.
Our " Domestic Economy "
Embraces new and important facts which should be
Known in every cabin and household. Short and inter-
wtlng — the articles onder this heading are freely read
ind practiced with profit and Improvement to the read-
!B.
The Press is not strictly a " paper for professional
ieientlhcmen,"but rather a
Jberal and Popular Scientific Journal,
Well calculated to make, practically scientific men from
Intelligent masses. This is our stronghold for ac-
»mplishing good. Plain, correct and pleasing language,
■asily comprehended by all, confined mostly to short
trttcles, is our endeavor.
For Selfrlmprovement,
Every issue of the Press abounds with articles of an
ilevatlng character, to stimulate the higher virtues and
mtures and progressive intellects of both men and
ironies'.
Hundreds of Dollars
Lre oftentimes saved to the readers of this paper by a
Ingle hint or article of information in its columns;
inch instances have been repeatedly* reported to the
idltors and proprietors during their long connection
vith the Press. Onrpaper presents
The New and Novel Developments
n the progress of this comparatively new section of the
Union (but recently settled and now rapidly increasing
vith a population of tho most intelligent and venture-
lome people, attracted from nearly every quarter and
dime on the globe) , enable us, with due enterprise, to
Ueplay vigor and freshness in our columns not met
rith in similar journals elsewhere. The same oircum-
tancea also render such a paper more especially valu-
ble to its readers in a new, and, to a certain measure,
in tried field, where the best methods aud processes of
ndustry are not so well established or traditionally
mown as in older communities. Published experiences
if ten save costly experiments and disastrous results.
I Great Variety of Industrial Information,
n brief and fresh iorm, suited to the wants and tastes
4 the readers of this coast, which is not obtainable
itherwise so timely, or in so cheap and convenient
orm. As an industrial publication, meeting the wants
>f bo many kindred industries, this journal stands pre-
iminent and without a precedent.
Subscriptions payable in advance— $4 per annum
Single copieB. pos*. paid, 10 cents. Address
DEWEY & CO.,
fliNiNG and Scientific Pbess and Pacific
■BuEiL Press Office, 224 Sansome St., S. F.
opulation of the U. S— Census of 1870
Jabama 99G
.rkansas 484,i
3alifornla 5b0,'
Jonnecticut 537
Delaware 125
lorida .187
Georgia 1,181
llinola 2.539
ndiana 1,680
owa 1,191
laneas 364
Kentucky l-,ai21..
Louisiana 726,
laine 626
tfassachusetts 1,457
Michigan 1,181
Karvland 780
Minnesota -.. 439,
ffisssisippi 827.
Hiesonrl 1,721
Nebraska 122
Nevada 42
Sew Hampshire... .318
Sew Jersey 906
Sew York 4,382.
Sorth Carolina 1,071
3hio 2,665
Oregon 90,923
Pennsylvania 3,521,791
Rhode Island 217.353
South Carolina 7,05,606
Tennessee 1,258,520
Texas 818,579
Vermont 310,551
Virginia 1,225,163
West Virginia 442,014
Wisconsin 1,054,670
r tal 38,113,253
Territories.
Arizona 9,658
Colorado 39,864
Dakota 14,181
District Columbia. ..131,700
Idaho 14,999
Montana 20,695
New Mexico 91,874
Utah 86,786
Washington 23,955
Wyoming 9,118
Total 442,730
Grand Total 38,555,983
i. Population of Some Foreign. Countries, ;
Which Dewey & Co. Obtain Patents
and Protection for Inventors.
"Wood Cuts for Sale.
We are willing to sell a large number of the wood
cutB and electrotypes which have appeared in the
Press, on very liberal terms to publishers abroad, and
would invite correspondence on that business.
3anada 3,537,887
Ureat Britain 31,187,108
France 36,583.559
Belgium 4,839,094
Prussia 24,043.902
instria & Hung'y.35,943,692
RuBBia 77,268,858
Spain 16,031,267
Italy 25,906,937
3weeden 4,195,681
(Norway 1,701,478
Poland 5,317,362
Denmark 1,726,724
Baden 1.434;
Bavaria 4,824
Portugal 3,996
Saxony 2,423r
Hanover 385,
Wurtemburg 1,778
Brazil 11,780.
Chili 2,000;
Peru 2,500.
N.Grenada 2,794.
India 191,000.
Australia 1,500
N.Zealand 326;
uiisipess uirectory.
01 LSI B. GK4I. aHL, M. uiVk.v
Q-RAY & HAVEN,
ATTOK»K\S ASOCOlNSKLOllS AT LA V*
in Building of Pacific Insurance Co.. If." E. corner Call
'ornla an < Le.dxsd.jrfl ttreeui,
SAN FBAHOISOQ,
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street.
. W. corner Sacramento.
(.JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
j Sold hj iili Dwlarf tbrough.Outtl.fl ffttrtd.
HH-ifi-ly
WU. BAttTLIMQ.
U KURT KIMBjU.L
BARTLING & KIMBALL.
«OOKBINr>ERW,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
&OA Oluy .ii-.-.-i , (Kouthwest cor. Sansorael,
I5v!2-Sm SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Rofors to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge 8.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
banking.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN FRANCISCO.
Capital, One Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOGO President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
K.N. VAN BRUNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street, Ban Francisco.
Kototse Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, upor
daily balances of Gold- and Currency.
Keceive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullior, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers,. Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny BAN FRANOISOO
4v27tf G. TffiAHE, Director.
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
For Diseases of tile Throat and Longs, such
as Coughs, Colds, Whooping: Cough, Bron-
chitis, Asthma and Consumption.
The few composition 6,
■which have won the confi-
dence of mankind and be-
come household words,
among not only one, but
many nations, muBt have
extraordinary virtues. Per-
haps no one ever 6ecuredJO
wide a reputation, or main-
tained it so long, as Ayer'b
Cherry Pectoral. It has
been known to the public
about forty years, by a long
continued series of marvel-
Ioub cures, that have won
for it a confidence in its vir-
tues, never equalled by any other medicine. It still
maltefi the most effectual cures of Cotfgks, Golds, Con-
sumption, that can be made by medical skill. Indeed
the Cherry Pectoral has really robbed these danger-
ous diseases of their terrors, to a great extent, and given
a feeling of immunity from their fatal effects, that is
well founded, if the remedy be taken in season. Every
family should have it in their closet for the remedy and
prompt relief of its members. SicknesB, Buffering and
evan life is saved by this timely protection. The pru-
dent should not neglect it, and the wise will not. Keep
it by you for the protection it affords by its timely use
in Budden attacks.
prepared by
DR. J. C. AYEK & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
Sold by all DruggiBts and dealers in Medicine.
CRANE 4 BRIGHAM, Wholesle Agonta,
V29-Iy BAN FRANC SCO . CAL.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
New Inventions I
Of real merit, if brought plainly before the publio
when fresh, are moot likely to become profitable to the
patentee. For this reason, patentees (of worthy de-
vices) should have the best of Engravings Made, and
published in the Press. Superior Engravings Made,
at reasonable rates, by artists in this offlc§- Pp-ti
Machinery.
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIGHEST PREMIUM
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cisco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated under tho oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
C; it then becomes greasy steam, passes to all the
valveB and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glass
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing oa
rodn and stems lastB longer, aud tho rini-'s on the piston
will uot corrode. One pint of oil will last from three
to six days, according to speed and' size of engine; T,
sliding gauge; K, valve to Bhut off when engine stopps;
H, F, valves to shut off in case of frost; Bteam does not
enterthe cup; it is always cool; warranted t givetatis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Man facturedby
California BraBs Works, 125 First street, S F. 24v23
BALL'S*
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has heen very lately well proven hy per-
forming a job of dredging: at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
There is but this one machine that haB ever had these
improvements employed. It is an old machine, for-
merly built for another device, and is unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet thiB first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of eighty-
five cubic yards in sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation (supported by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references will be given on appli-
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Eailroad
Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a basis of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention,! therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
is warranting the capacity of the machine by actual
work;
I will enter into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and Bell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
£2u,000, warranting the machine to dredge six cubic
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the coBt of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask notliing for my patents uoleBS my machine
dredges more than Bis cubic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in caBe (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than six cubic yiirds per
minute, then $10,000 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every such additional cubic yard
thus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is ti be added to said price above stated.
I will sell any other Territorial or State rights (either
TJniied States or Foreign) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with scows and all com-
plete, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above stated, but will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubic yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
PaymentB to be made in U. S. gold coin on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
' Address,
JOHN A. BALL,
Oakland.-
TWELVE COLUMNS OF PRICES EVERY WEEK.
SAN FRANCISCO
JOURNAL OF COMMERCE
— AND—
Weekly Price Current.
NO MERCHANT SHOULD BE WITHOUT IT.
XV. H. MURRAY, Rnminens Maanger,
414 Clay Street.
RELIABLE REVIEWS OF THE MARKETS.
TVOJVPAIiEIL OIL.
140 Degrees Fire Test, for Family Use.
OWNERS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
attention is particularly called to this beautiful and
safe Illuminattno Oeu Its use is urgently recom-
mended by the New York Fire ComimsBi oners and In-
surance Companies. For sale to the trade in lots to
BUit A. HAYWARD, 224 California St.
19v28-3m
JMalltijiy and Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IS
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 suil 614 Washington street. SAN FRANOISOO
We would call the special attention of Assayera
Ohemlste, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our lurge and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chamical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies Bine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
1&~ Our Oold and 811ver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, aud val-
uablo tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR ft CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These I» uclil net. Siaml (in rivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their meritB.
They are constructed so as to apply steam direotly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows ;
The pan being filled, the motion of the mtfller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
tho apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
Tho curved plates again draw it to the center, where it
passes dow^i, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly paSBing a regular ilow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated,
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francisc*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its brauches.
Analysis of OreB, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plana furnished for the most suitable pro-
ceBB for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. N. BJOTTE.
C. A. LTJCKHARDT,
Mining: Engineers and Metallurgists-
RODQERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MEBCHANTS,
ADVANCES MADE
O* all kind, of Ore., und partlcdlur tillcnllua
PAID TO
VONKlfiNUENTR OF «OOi9B.
iv!6-3m
LEOPOLD KUH,
{Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, S. F.)
Assayer and JSIetallnrgrloa^
No. Oil Comiuerclul Street,
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint
San Fhanoihco Oal. 7v?i-:tra
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr.,ChemietB and Assayers, Rooms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Analysis of
Ores. Mineral Waters. Etc. 8v28-Sm
San Francisco cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a larce amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Hope of uny -special lengths and sizee. Con-
stantly on lmnd alarge stock of Manila Rope, all sizes:
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
de20 fill and 613 Front street, San Francisco.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel. Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc-
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F.
mfi-m2
Buy Real Estate while at Low Rates.
NINE WATER-FRONT LOTS, CHEAP,
On Gift Map 4,
Forming ahout half of a block fronting on the hroad
ship channel of Islais Greek; will be sold so low as to
make it an inducement to the buyer, Inquire for the
owner at this office, bpti
28
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January g, 1875
The United States of Colombia.
We had a conversation this week with a gen-
tleman who has recently returned from, the
United States of Colombia. He speaks hope-
fully of the prospects of the Americans who are
opening up the gravel mines in the interior.
The gravel mines owned by Weaver & Co. are
30 miles from Barbacoas, on the Nyambe
river. They h*ve plenty of water for hydraulic-
ing and have ono monitor at work, employing
seven or eight men. The other mines are 15
or 20 miles above Barbacoas, and a company of
San Franciscans expect to take down the re-
quisite machinery to work them. There are
some five or six companies, some getting their
claims inx>rder to work. Brown & Gentry have
a large estate on which one monitor is at work,
and three or four more will be added. These
mined are on the Yacula river. The gravel is
pretty good, and where water can be had. will
pay well. Some of the gravel will pay hand-
Bomely. Labor is pretty cheap and men can
be employed for from 37% cents to $1 per day
and board. Weaver & Co. p»y 37% cents and
board for common men and $1 per day and
board to drifters. Most of the companies have
just started in and have done little as yet. On
all the large estates the natives mine in a rude
way for a share of the profits. All the mines
pay well where the water can be brought on;
some, however, have very little water.
The gentleman who gave us this information
brought up with him a number of articles from
the country which are interesting. He showed
us the Brazil nuts in the gourd-shaped cover in
which they grew. Also, some "milk" of the
India-rubber tree which grows up in the moun
tains. He brought some coffee from the
Cauca valley, which is of excellent quality; an
American there has a plantation of 70,000 cof-
fee trees which yield an average of 3% pounds
to a tree. The coffee grows there plentifully
and his trees are of such a growth that he is
continually gathering, as some trees are in
while others are out of season. The owner of
this plantation also has 160 acres in sugar cane.
This sugar cane takes 15 months to mature af-
ter each cutting, the roots of course remaining.
We were shown also from the Cauca valley,
some exoellent wild cotton. This valley is
about 48 miles from the. coast on an air line,
and has an elevation of 3,000 feet. The cotton
has a first-rate fibre. It has never been culti-
vated there to any account. Our informant, a
practical cotton grower and manufacturer,
thinks the Cauca valley the best locality for an
investment for a cotton mill there is in the
world. The natives would cultivate the cotton
if there was a demand for the product. A
small cotton mill of 50 looms w ould do exceed
ingly well, and our informant thinks it would
clear $600 per day right along. Common cot-
ton cloth, without print, could be sold there in
quantities at 20 cents per yard. There is
plenty of water power to run a mill and plenty
of ground to be had to cultivate the cotton, and
the product would meet with ready sale. We
should judge from the figures shown us, that
this favorable opportunity will not long lie idle,
for some enterprising American will take it up.
We were shown among other things several of
the "ivory nuts" grown there, from which
small articles are made. Also a species of
cloth, resembling th* Kapa cloth of the Suuth
Sea islauds, made from the inner bark of a
tree. It is tough and thick, and in a cold cli-
mate would do very well for clothing. Some-
of the wood grown there is very hard and fine
grained.
There are no roads in the mining part of the
country, except the trail from Barbacoas, all
the travel being done in canoes or on the backs
of Indians. The trail to the mines has been
traveled for 30U years, and w •m down in places
from ten to forty feet. The government is now
building a road from Barbacoas to the interior
80 miles long, 20 mile-; of it being finished, and
200 men being at work on the rest. To the up-
per mines they go by the trail. The road will
give access to the mines so that horses can be
used. To the Cauca valley there is a trail or
small road, which is pretty good for this
country.
A ledge of silver ore has lately been discov-
ered in the State of Caucdi in the foothills,
which assays $50 per tou in silver and $6 in
gold,
The Mechanics' Institute Faik. — The Board
of Trustees of the M ^hauics' Institute an-
nouoce the opening of the next Mechanic*' Fair
for the middle or August next. They have
already commenced makiug arrangements for
it. It is intended to make the horticultural
diBpL.y one of the most marked features of the
next exhibiion. The garden, which was ar-
ranged last year by th Bay District Agricul-
tural «ocit ty, will be flooded over and us*d for
other purposes The lot adjoining the pavilion
on the east, which has a frontage of 17U feet on
Mission street and runs back to the boiler
house, a distance of about 300 feet, will be laid
out with walks, avenues, shady groves and
fountains.
The partnership of Conruy, O'Connor & Co.,
the well known hardware dealers in this city,
has expired by limitation and tne entire inter-
ests of the firm have been purchased by B. F.
Dunham, E. W. Piayter, B. Hayden, W. L.
MeCurmick un I A. Carrigan, who have been
clerks and partners in the establishment for 15
years. The new firm is known as Dunham,
Carrigan <& Co,
General News Items.
Conobess. — A large amount of work is in
preparation for Congress, during the recess
and upon the reassembling there will be
a rush of business as well as great politi-
cal activity. The Arkansas Investigation Com-
mittee's report will then be forthcoming; to be
followed soon after by the reports of several
select committees now in various sections of the
Souih and the Civil Eights bill must be acted
upon shortly, as it i^at tbe top of the pile on
ihe Speaker's table. The new finance bill
comes up by ppecial order on January 7th.
The Senate Caucus Committee will make their
report on cheap transportation. The Com-
mittee on Appropriations expect to have the
remaining Appropriation bills completed by
the time of re-assem ling, and their considera-
tion will be press* d upon the House fortwith;
indeed, all the most i nportant subjects are in
such a shape as to to presented almost simul-
taneously for action.
The Spanish Revolution. — A very sudden
termination has been given to tbe Spanish He-
public, by the proclamation of the son of ex-
Queen Isabella, as King of Spain, under suoh
circumstances as secured his immediate recog-
nition by almo t the entire army and navy and
a large majority of the leading civilians
throughou the country. Even Ca^tell <r, it is
understood, with other leading Republicans,
gives in his adherance. There- seems to have
been a very general impression that nothing
else could restore that distracted country to
tranquility. The European Governments ap-
pear to be very well satisfied with the result,
and will recognize the accession of the young
Prince of Astaria to power, as soon as he ar-
rives and assumes the reigns of Government,
which will be in a few days. The Prince is
now about 16 years of age, but well educated
and possessing a full understanding of the re-
sponsibility he is assuming.
Tereiele Explosion. — Two miners were in-
stantly killed in the Sutro tunnel on the 30th
ult., and a number of others seriously injured
— one fatally. The accident was of quite a sin-
gular native, and should be studied and borne
in mind by all persons using nitroglycerine :
It happened at the time of changing shifts, and
a blast was about to be exploded in the face, or
header, of the tunnel. The men retreated
back about Rix hundred feet, where the battery
used in exploding blasts was situated. Several
boxes of giant powder had been left near the
battery, and when the blast in the header was
touched off, the powder near the battery also
exploded, by what means is not fully under-
stood.
The Pacifie Mai' investigation makes slow
progress. The testimony thus far looks bad
for somebody, and especially for Mr. Consres-
sional ex- Po*i master King. A Washington
Rpecial says: If the testimony given in New
York concerning Mr. King proves true this
gentleman has subjected himself to the punish-
ment attached to perjury, since in his examina-
tion before the committee in tbe last Congress,
he testified then lhat he did not receive one
dollar, either directly or indirectly, in behalf of
the subsidy schemes. Efforts are evidently be-
ing made on the part of certain persons to
cover things up.
Theown Fbom a Wagon and Killed. — The
body of A. Koscoe, a farmer, about 70 years of
age, residing about a mile from Sheridan, Pla-
cer county, was found Friday morning on the
plains, north of the Rancho de Passo. The
jury of inquest decided that he was killed by
being thrown from his wagon.
Gaeibaldi. — After all that has been said and
done Garibaldi cannot be induced, even in his
poverty, to accept of aid from any Bource —
either public or private. He has just refunded
ihe substantial aid which the Italian Govern-
ment offered him, on the plea that that the
finances of the Government were suffering.
Cold Weathee. — Halleck station, east of
Elko is said to be the coldest point on the Cen-
tral Pacific railroad. The mercury went to 9
degrees below zero there a few days since.
Considerable floating ice from above was seen
in the Yuba river at Marysville, yesterday
something unusual in that region.
Fiee in the Tules. — During last week the
tules on the Sacramento river, directly west of
Marysville, were on fire, giving forth lurid
flames at night, and clouds of smoke during
the day time, when viewed from Sacramento
city.
Spontaneous Combustion:. — Some wool in
the Oiegon woolen mill at Portland took fire
from spontaneous combustion, last week, but
was extinguished before much damamage re-
sulted.
The Beechee-Tilton Case. — Five hundred
witnesses were subpoenaed for the Beecher- Til-
ton case which went to trial on Monday. It is
said that Beecher received 1,000 calls on New
Years.
Vabqtjez. — The trial of this noted bandit com-
menced on Tuesday last. The law's delay
could not be forced any farther.
Deaths peom Famine. — Accounts from Asia
Minor show that distress from the famine is in-
creasing, and that many deaths occur daily.
New Postmsstee at Quinoy.— T. F. Hersey
has been appointed postmaster at Quincy.
Industrial Items.
OrjE Building Industbies.— The value of
houses erected in this city during the past year
cannot be less than five millions of dollars.
The total number of workmen employed during
the year in the building trade has not averaged
less than 3,000, who with their fmilieB, etc.,
represent not less than 10,000 of the city's
population. There is no sign of any decrease
in the number, as at the present moment not
lflss than 400 houses are in course of construc-
tion in various parts of the city, and the incom-
ing year is regarded as likely to be more active
for the building business than even the last.
Manufacturing of every description is flou-
rishing in this city and State as never before.
The mills, the boot and shoe manufactories,
the manufactories of case goods, and, in fact,
every description of industrial productions are
increasing their number of employes. The
increase in this direction in this city during the
past year has been over 1,000 hands. We are
just entering upon a new year with most extra-
ordinary evidences of prosperity.
The foundaries and machine shops in this
city were never more busy than now, on ac-
count of the demand from the mines for ma-
chinery and house work in this city.
Another Palace. — Milton S. Latham has
made a large purchase of property ou the south-
east corner ot Pine and JoneB extending down
to Bush street. He means to build a fine city
residence there.
The last spike of the railroad from Saucel-
lito to Tomales was driven on the 29th ult.,
and the road will soon be open for travel.
Mebced City is moving for a flouring mill.
The Nevada Legislature met a' Carson on
Monday last, was duly organized and listened
to tbe message of Governor Bradley, which is
a plain, straightforward document, presenting
a most encouraging account of the general con-
dition of the State, particularly in relation to
the State finances. The net indebtedness of
Nevada is next to nil — aggregating only $84 -
164, with a school fund in the treasury amount-
ing in round numbers to $250,000. The
assessed value of real and personal property iu
the State is $26,866,605, with a revenue for
State and county purposes of $930,888. The
Republican members of both Houses met in
convention on Wednesday, and ur animonsly
nominated Mr. Sharon for U. S. Senator,
which is equivalent to an electioDbya large
majority over all competitors. Subsequent to
the nomination Mr. Sharon received the con-
gratulations of his friends at his rooms in the
Ormsby house. The Leeistature is now pre-
pared to enter upon tbe business of tbe session,
which will doubtless be a short and successful
Impeovfd Concenteatoe — Mr. John Viu-
cent, familiarly kuovvn as the "One-eyed Scis-
sors-grinder," who keeps a stand o'nighta on
the corner of Pine and Kearney streets, be-
sides being a poet and scissors -grinder has also
proven himself to be an inventor. He has
invented a dry ore concentrator for which he
has applied for lettarB patent, through the
Mining and Scientific Peess Patent Agency.
The machine is very ingenious and appeals
more than ordinarily effecive. When Mr.
Vincent gets his patent we will favor our read-
ers with a description of bi« concentrator.
Hot Watee. — The watar encountered in the
main east drift of the 2000-foot level of the Im-
perial mine, is the hottest on the Comstock.
The temperature, carefully noted, was found
to be 150% degrees.
patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Repoets fob the Mining and Scien-
tific Pbebb, DEWEY & CO., Publishers and
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Bated Washington.
D. C, Jan. 5th, 1875.
Fob Week Ending Dec. 22d, 1874.*
Habbow.— David T. Gillis, Stockton, Cal.
Gbatn HEADEB.^David T. Gillis, Stockton,
Cal.
Animal Teap. — Gamos Richardson, Sun .ToBe,
Cal.
Safety Pin.— Lucy Emma Andrews, S. F.,
Cal.
Wateb Gauge foe Steam Boilees. — Charles C.
Redmond, San Jose*. Cal.
Chuck.— William F. Foothaker, S. F., Cal.
Distilling Spieits. — Bobert C. Brooks, S. F.,
Cal.
Locking Latch. — Henry Rogers, Eureka,
Cal.
Tbademaek.
Foe Boots.— S. W. Rosenstock & Co., S. F.,
Cal.
*The patents are not ready for delivery by tte
Patent Office until some 14 days after tbe date of issue.
Note. — Copies of TJ. 8. and Foreign Patents furnlBhed
by Dewey h Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egrapbor otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and in the Bhortest time possible.
Woodward's Gabdens embraces an Aquariam, Mu-
Beum, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
menagerie Seal FoudB, and Skating Bink.
[Business Notice.]
Mining and Scientific Press-
' A VALUABLE WEEKLY FOR
Miners, Mechanics and Manufacturer |
on the Pacific Coast.
Volume XXX of this first-class, standar i
journal commences with the year 1875. 11 j
proprietors, having the successful experiencj
of ten years publication of the Peess, have n i
hesitation in saying that for the ensuing yet-}
the paper shall, in keeping with the time. '
reach a higher mark of merit than ever befon
With oar own printing press, folding mi
chine,
Able Editors, Correspondents,
And skilled woikmen in different departmen1
of our now extensive and growing establish
ment, we mean to print a journal throughou
the year, which all citizens, whether patroi
or not, may be proud of seeing published an.,
supported on this side of the ccntinent.
No kindred journal in America furnish* ■
more real
Fresh, Novel, Interesting Information;
In its volumes than the Mining and Scikntifh
Press We have the
Largest Mining Field in the World
To report from. It embraces tbe largest variei
of mines and mining; methods of working; ar
eiomnumerous wonderful discoveries than ai
other section of the globe." It is the birth plai
of mnny of the
Latest and Best Inventions in Golf
Silver and Labor Saving,
With brief, reliable, well chosen and prepare-
editorials; varied and condensed correspond'
ence and selections; tables and statistics au(
ranged for ready reference,
Superior Illustrations,
Of local and general interest to its readers, ,,'
forms a weekly journal of individual charactc
and unrivalled worth to its intelligent and in
dustrial Patrons at home and abroad. It is til'
Leading Mining Journal of America,
And in its practical, interesting and substantial
make up, it is unrivalled by any mining 1 1
mechanical journal in the world-
Home Manufactures and Home Invei
tions
Will be constantly encouraged. Both help
build up the brain and material wealth of tt
country. They are kindred to our individuit
enterprise. Our interests are mutual with eif
home aitizans and producers. Where on tl.'
face of the globe do inventoes and Mandfa^
tueees either need or deseeve more encourage
ment?
Its Value to the Community,
In disseminating important information; dist:
pating false notions; checking expensive follieJ
instigating important enterprises ; by wise eou: I
sel and scientific direction, enriching the rewart ;
of honest labor, we are annually saving ar
adding
Millions of Dollars
To the products of our country. The Pbe>
has already
A Large Circulation,
And is deserving of more universal patrons),
from those whose interests it specially repi
sents. This sparsely populated portion of U
Union is a difficult one for publishers to pi
sent the claim of their journal iu to all wl
should subscribe. In these times of seeming
cheap (but largely, trashy and worthless) jot
nalism, it is desirable and proper that tho
who know the real merits of a faithful journ
should
Speak and Act in its Favor.
We Bhall not spare our efforts to make soui
and improved issues, maintaining constant
the rights of all, and forwarding the materr
and intellectual rights of our patrons, and
our sturdy, progressive community.
Necessarily, scientific and mining public
tions generally are costly and high priced, b j
considering the size, character and location
our publication, our rates are favorable for
valuable a print.
We invite correspondence from all sectior:
Subscription.*, payable in advance, $4 a yet
Single copies, postpaid, 10 cents.
AddresB, DEWEY & CO.,
Publishebs, No. 224 Sansome St., S. F.
January 9, 1875.!
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
29
The Nerw Oregon Minks. — Speaking of the
new qu«rtz niiues in Southern Oregon, the
Times, of Jacksonville, Bays: "A late dispatch
from Rock Poiut aayB J. L. Colvig and James
Birdaeve have just arrived at this place from
the new quartz mines. They say the road is
lined with men and pack-trains going to the
land of gold and silver. The great Mammoth
ledge is abont 180 fret in widih at a poiut
wht-ru the Rogue river has worn its way
through to a depth of BOO foe*. About 200
claims are now tuken up. It has been traced
for twenty niilt-a through a very rough coun-
try. Guides get from $10 to $20 a day to truce
the lead. Colvig sayB he crushed a few pounds
of the ore, and it averaged ten cents per pound
in gold. A town has aprunt; up in a few weeks.
It is to be known as Mammoth City. Hotels,
feed stables, Bhops and other buildings are going
"P-"
Thb first be ils of cowl were discovered in
Wahhii gton Teriitory in 1852, and since that
time coal has been discovered in all parts of the
Territory west 1 f the Ctscade range.
Onk hundred aud fifteen mining locations
were recorded during 1874 by the Recorder of
Tuolumue county.
Fatal Infatuation.— Do not as you value your life*
entertain tin- Idea that a cough 1b one ni those casual
affection* which require but little atte tibn. This -pe-
at infatuation itt fatal Jo thousands. A cough 1b
th>- Brat sit. n;»r.' uf consuuipTion — renit-niber that. An-
afjillato the dan^r by extiuKuiHiiing he complaint
The means await yon at .very drug store. Hate's
Honey of Borekound and Tar will, in every im-tance,
iflbct a perfect cure of the threatening niltuetit without
caUfinu n lUhOa. for It 1b pl'.usaut to the palate as well
an Infallible.
ike's Tooth- Arhe Drops — Cure In one minute
Pacific Machinery Depot !
H. P. GREGORY,
Empire Warehouse,
Bcale »tr«»ot, near Market,
San Francisco. Cal.
METALS.
Wednesday m., Jan. 6, 1875.
American Pin Iron, ? ton .
Scouih Pig Iron, 1* urn....
Whit* Pi«, » too. .
. 42 00
(g 46 00
■t, 16 (Ml
■a) 16 W
@ 16 OH
3S
Oregon Pig.? ton..
Refined Bar, bad assortment, "ft lb
Renned Bar, good aaBortmeni.fi lb
Boiler. No. 1 to 4
Plate, No. 5 to S
Sheet, No. 10 to IS @— 5L
Sheet, No. M to 20 - - g - »S
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 -; « 9 ~ °9
Horse Shoes, per keg. » 7 sn ® a ■
Nail Rod • ■ — '»
Norwajklron — j
Rolledlron — 6 tt
Other Irona for Blaokamitha -Miners, eto. ® — 4'i-
^Bra^.er*' * - 31 @ - 32
OopperTin'd — « @-~
SheatbfniMJ"*'- 8 "" 21
Sbeaihing. vellow a — 25
Bheathir.vOld Yellow -- f - 12*
Oo'ip^11"00 Nails — 24 @
R0oe^O8lt'on Bolta —24 :m
flatus.—
a tee, Charcoal, IX 'H box 13 00 (3 15 10
Plates, I O Charcoal 13 00 @ 14 50
Rootlnjt Platea 12 5" (3) 15 00
Banca Ti o, Slaba, *Hb — 82,^® - 33
iTEEL.— English Oast, 1» lb — 2ll (5) — 25
Anderson A Woods* American Cast @ — 16*
Drill (Q) — 16!i
Flat Bar — 18 @ — It
Plow Steel — 9 tfiT— '0
■ISO @ — II
Zmo, Sheet — <3 — 11*
JaILb— Aa^orted sizes , 4 25 @ 8 00
IOTPKCTT.Vrrt pftr -v — — (fo 15ft
&
W. T. Q-ARRATT.
AC I T Y
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANTTFAOTURKRa OF
Brass, Zino and Anti-Friotion or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
r.WERN AND I. AND BEI.I.S. OOM1S,
FIEE EN0IHES. F0R0E AND LIFT FDHPS.
Steam. Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
rad Valvee of all deBcriptioDe, made and repaired.
Boae and all other Joint*, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, ete. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Ulobes. Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
St NOZZLES lor mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling JointB of all sizeB.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
;urer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
O-Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
;,ol| PER and BRASS. 6-tf
■t[f
i'i-
PURE OAK-TANNED
LEATHER BBI/TINQ
AT THE
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY,
Beale Street, near Market, San Francisco.
Our AufiUr..
Odb Frikndb can do much in aid of oar paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and aclence, by assisting
Agents in their labors of canvassing, by lending their
influence and encouraging favors. We Intend to send
none but worthy men.
Ooas. T, Bkix— Alameda , Santa Clara and Santa Cm.-.
Counties.
J . W. Aitdebsoh— Orange and Santa Ana, in Lob Angeles
County, Cal.
J. O. Kellkt— For Washington Territory.
B. W. Crowkll — California.
F, B. ALDEitaoH— City agent, San Francisco.
J. L. Tharp— Southern California.
0. H. Whi:i:i,hb— Southern California.
A. C. Champion— Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties.
1). J. J am ks— Australian ColonleB,
J. 0. Ewino— Contra CoBta County.
John Kostran— Sonoma County.
J. W. Riley— San Joaquin and Stantlfllana Counties.
W. C. Qoinbt. Eastern and Western States.
Milling and Other Companies.
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company.
Principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location of works, Calaveras county, Stato of Califor-
nia.
Notice is hereby (riven, that at a meeting of the Trustees
of said 'orapany held on the Tih day of Deoi'inbor, 1H74,
an aasessment of five (M cents per abare watt levied upon
the capital dteck of Maid Comp >ny payable immediaU-ly,
in United Staius ffOtd coin, to the Secretary of th Com-
I'.in in tbe otHce of the l'ni-ed Suites InLernnl Collec-
tor. No. 'Sil Batleo' »<reet, San Franoiseo, California.
Any stock upon which thin autieinment shall regain un-
paid "ii :\ii 11 il .y. in- ninth dny of .lanuary, l.- 5. Bliullbc
delinquent, and advertised for aale at public auction, and
nnl<'-- payment is made befon-, will be Bold nn Monduy,
ibe iw.-niy-fi th Ciftth) diy of Januarv, LJ73, to pay the
elinguout aosusament, together with QQSts of advertising
and expenses .if sale. .aBRAM SHEAR. Secretary.
Office. No 321 Battery street, iotflce of_the U. S. Inter-
Franc ac
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of works, LoWer Rancherie, Amadof t'ouutv, < nl.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board ef
TruBtcea of i^ald Company held on the 4tn day of Jannary,
l-. >, an ;i---i' -stiicm of twentv-Qve cents per share was
levied upon the vapital stock ol aaid Com pan \ . payable
iniiiit-.il., fly. in United States gold coin, to the Secretary,
.it HtiLeidesUorn* street
Any itock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on tbe bth day of February. 18>&. shall be deemed
•U-hmiucnt, and will be duly ndvurti^ed for sale at publia
auction, and unless payment ahull be made before, will
be sold on Saturday, the '21st day of February, i675, to
pay the delinquent asses«ment together with costs of
advertising and expem-es of Bale. By order of the Board
of Trustees.
W. AUGS. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office.— 116 Leldesdorff street, San Francisco.
"Golden Rule" Silver Mining Company —
Principal place of business, San Franoiseo, Olifnrniu
Looatlon of workf. Ophir 1Mining District, Utah Terri-
tory.
Notice Is hereby given, that at a meeting of the
Board of Dir. ct-rs held on the 8 h dav 01 December,
inj.aniMea-nientof nvecaniBpertbarewas hvicd upon
the ca 1 al -tock of the corporation, jiayablu immediaiely
in Unted stiitesgold und silver coin to the SccreUrv
No. MU C^ay streei. S.in Francinco, California.
Aa\ stock upon which thi- a at-sBino t slmll remain un-
paid on the fifteenth day of January. 1S7A, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction,
and unless nuymi-nt be made before, will bo sold on
Monday, ttie fifteenth day of Fcbruurt , 187'., ^• pay the de-
linquent assessmoni. together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
«««*«, K- WKRTHEIMER, Secretary.
Office, 630 Clay street, San Francibco, t al.
nal Revenue Collector,; San
.■ sco, Cal. declfl-lt
J. A. Fay & Do'a Woodworkingf Machinery.
Blake's Patent Steam Pumps. Tanite
Co> Jfimery Wheels and Machinery,
fitchburg: Machine Co's Machin-
ists' Tools, Edson'a Recording-
Steam G-aug-e, Triumph Fire
Extintruisher.
Also on hand and for Sale:
STUltTEVANT'S BLOWERS AND EXHAUST FANS,
JOHN A. ROEBLING'ii SONS' WIRE ROPE, PURE
OAK TANNED LEATHER BELTINO, PERIN'8
FRENCH BAND SAW BLADES, PLANER
KNINES, NATHAN & DREYFUS GLASS
OILERS, AND MILL AND MINING SUP-
PLIES OF ALL KINDS.
P. 0. Box 168.
J. D. Yost. Saa Francisco. H. S. Cbocbbb, Sacramento
H. 8. CROCKER & CO.,
IMPORTING STATIONERS
General Job Printers.
401 and 403 Sanaome St., S."'F-
PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO
Manufacture of Blank Books.
BANK AND INSURANCE WORK
A SPECIALTY.
23v8-3m-16p
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca-
tion of principal place of busine-r., San Francisco, Oal-
fornia. L c<un of works, Soquol, Santa Cruz County,
Ca Ifornia.
Notice it* hereby civon, tfaatat a meetimcof the Board of
D>rectora, held on the Wd day of Deci mber, IttH, iin a^-
S4>BAinent of Five Dollars pi r share wan levied upon the
oapit'il stock of thu u rporation, payable immediately in
Uniiod States gold coin, to the hec-retary, at the office
of tbe Company. 314 California strest, S.<n Francison, • ni.
Any stock uuon which this aaaussniont snail remain un-
paid on the 31st <<ay of Janua y, 1S75 will be delinquent
and advertised for Bale at jinulic auction, and unless
payment is made before, wi[< bo sold on the 21st duy of
February, 187a. to puy the delinquent assessment, together
with oosie of advertising and expenses ol sale.
LOUIS iKANCOM, Secretary.
Offioe, No. 314 California street, San Franoisao. Cal.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
§anv. Principal place of b'leiness. City and County of
an Franoi-co, Stme of Caltfornii. Location of works,
Cherry Creek Mining District, White Pine County, Ne-
vada.
Notice is hereby civen that at a meeting of the B >ard of
Directors, held on the 2d day of Januiry, 1875. a assess-
ment of twenty cents p r share was levied upon the
capital etnek of the corporation, puyable immediafblv. In
United St.itee uold coin, to the ecr. tary, at the office
of the Company, Room 14, 3U2 Montgomery street, San
Francisco.
Any stock upon whi'-h this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 8th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised lor sale at public auction, and unless pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on Monday the first day
of Marob, 1875, to pay the delinquent asse-ement, together
with cosis of advertising and excesses of sale.
I. T. MI LLIK1N. Secretary.
Office— Room 14. No. 302 Montgomery street, S. F.
of
THE BIRMINQHAM SHOVEL.
These Shovels have No Rivets nor Straps.
The blado Is made or ona piece of BEST SOLID OAST STEEL,
the blade and shank beiDg one piece.
THEY WILL WEAR TWICE AS LONG
As the ordinary shovel. They are the STRONGEST, BEST and
CHEAPEST SHOVEL EVER MADE. Examine the engravings care-
fully and yon can see how they are made.
THEY NEED ONLY TO BE TB.IED
To prove their value. ^"Prices same 'as ordinary shovels. Ask
for the BIRMINGHAM SHOVEL. Take no Other.
.TEEADWELL & CO., Sole Agents for Pacific : States,
2v8-eo,w-bp
San Prancif/oo, Cal-
Electric Mining Company— Location
Principal placeof business, San Franoiseo, Cal.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, lev-
ied on the twenty-eighth day of November, 1874, the
several amounts set opposite the names of the respec-
tive shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Geo Hasen 31)1
C J Rader 302
0 J Rader 324
C J Rader 330
0 JRader 331
C J Rader 332
T B Wingard Trustee 320
T B Wingard Trustee 322
TB Wingard Trustee 326
TB Wingard Trust?e 327
T,B Wingard Trustee 347
J B Houghton 90
J B Houghton 91
J B Houghton 392
J B Houghton 202
J B Houghton. 314
Wm R McCaw 348
John Mullen 158
G W Malone 66
GW Malone 67
GW Malone 58
G W Malone 69
G W Malone CO
li W Malone 177
G W Malone 206
OWTerrill 61
JMEllBworth 178
G W Mullen Trustee 88
■6 Vf MnllinTrustee 604
iVirb Annie Woods 76
Mra Annie Woods 131
Mrs Annie Woods 280
vi rn Annie Woods 303
Mrs Annie Woods 318
.vlrs Annie Woods 346
Herbert Eastwood 102
Herbert EaBtwood 224
HWolleb, Trustee 105
G Wolleb, Trustee 113
E Wolleb, Truutee 114
B Wolleb, Trustee 115
E 'Wolleb, Trustee 116
S Wolleb, Trustee 117
E Wolleb. Trustee 118
fi Wolleb, Trustee 119
E Wolleb, Trustee 121
E Wolleb, Tru-tee 122
E Wolleb, Trustee 123
E Wolleb, Trustee, 124
E Wolleb, Trustee 294
0 W Clayes 14S
ioseph White 164
Joseph White 166
Joseph White 255
Louisa Thompson 239
Henrietta Grant 240
Wm. H. Sharp 163
Wm. H. Sharp 241
M. G. Rader 317
J. B. WeBton 183
J. B. Weston 308
J. W. Wesson 257
J. W. Wesson 313
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 28th day of November,
1874, bo man/ shares of each parcel of said Stock ac
may be n< cea ary, will be sola at public taction at the
lalesroom of Maurice Dore & Co., No. 326 Pine street,
San Frant sco on the 26tu day of January, 1875, at the
iimrof 12 o'ol .ctt.M.of said day. to pay said delinquent
ssessment tuereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of the sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California streat, S. F.
300
16 00
160
7 60
1060
53 00
300
15 00
100
5 00
1200
60 00
1000
50 00
60
2 50
100
5 00
400
20 00
2826
J41 25
50
2 60
25
1 25
41
'2 05
a
a«c
476
23 75
160
7 60
760
37 50
50
2 50
60
2 60
50
2 50
50
2 60
50
2 60
1O00
50 00
187
9 35
500
25 00
60
2 60
100
6 00
160
7 611
100
6 00
500
26 00
650
27 60
147
7 35
300
15 00
600
30 00
60
2 60
7
35
25
1 25
100
5 0C
100
5 0C
100
6 0C
100
6 0C
100
6 0C
100
5 0C
100
5 0C
60
2 51
100
6 0C
100
5 00
60
2 5C
188
6 9C
600
25 0C
260
12 51
250
12 50
75
3 75
.60
3 0C
60
3 0(
100
5 0C
15
75
1700
85 00
75
3 76
25
1 25
175
8 75
125
6 26
Keystone Quartz Mining Company—
Location of principal pla<e uf business, San Francis-
co, California. Location of works, Butte Township,
Si»-rra County, California.
Notice. — TLere aro dellnqnent upon the following
described stock, on «ccoiint ol' •HoeBsn cnt hvied on
the tenth duy of November, 1874. thi- Fevr-rul ntni'unta
«et i'p osita the names of the resptctive share huldt-rH,
as follows:
Nunx-s. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
OH Simpkins 37 1248 $1248 00
J Clem Lhler, trustee 86 500 600 00
J Clem Dhler, trustee 67 274 274 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Bo»rd of Directors, made on the tenth day of Novem-
ber. 1874, so many shares of each parcel of Baid stock
as niuy be necessary will be sold at public auction, at
the salesroom of John Middleton & Son, No. 310 Mont-
gomery street, San Franctnco, on the ekventh day of
January, 1875, at the hour of one o'clock P. m", of
said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advrtiBing and expenses of Bale.
LoUIa VESARIA. Secretary.
Office— Northwest corner Sansome and Pine BtreetB,
San Francisco, Cal. dec26<3t
Orleans Mining Company— Location of
principal place of buaines ', Man Frmoisoo, Cal. Loca-
tion of worka, Gra^a Va ley Township, Nevada County.
O.1 1.
Notice is hereby siven, that at a meeting of the Trus-
teeabeldoo the tth day ol January, 1875, an fiBHessment
(No. 2) of one dollar (91) per share was levied upon the
capita' Btnckof the co p>>ratiun, payable Immediat. ly n
United Slat' s gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room 8, Jl5Californi.i sireet, San Fran-
cisco, C"l.
A y aiook U'>on which this bsb sament ahall remain nn-
"nid on the 9th day of February, i8T>, will he delinquent
aiuladvf>ril ed for sale at public am. ti n. mU unles pay-
1:1 -li ie made before will «e sold on Tvesd.iy, tbe 2d
day of Mm ch, 1875, lo pny the delinquent a-ses-sment, to
getl»er with costs of advertlning auil eKpenses of sale.
J. F. NESMITH. Secretary.
Office-Room 6, No. 315 California street, S F.
Page Tunnel Company.— Locaion of
£11 opal place of hii- ini'.-.M, Sau Francisco, t alifornia.
ocation 01 works, Big Cottonwood District, Salt Lake
County. Utah.
Notice is her by given, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the l2tn day of December, 1874, an saesa-
tnent of Jive cento per share was levied apon the caoital
stuck uf the unrpi ration p<yabie immediately in IJuired
States gold coin, to the Secre ary, ai the office o( the
Company, Room 1, Sa. 4U8 Oaliiormu utrect, San Franoiseo
Cali for Din.
An> *toek npo-a -which this assessment shall rem -tin un-
paid on the 20th day of January, 1875, will b« delinquent,
and advertised for sale at imblic auction. .>nd onles- pay-
ment is made before, will be -o il on the 20th day of Feb-
ruary, 1875, to pay the delinquent aa<-es^ment, together
wnli costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
JAOuB HARDY, Secretary.
Office. Room 2, No. 4<& California street, San Francisco,
California. decliMt
Theresa Mill and Mining Company.
Locution of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, Cal. Location of works Coulterville District,
Mariposa county, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
deecribed stoek, on account of assessment No. 1, levied
on the 25th day of November, 1874, the several amounts
Bet opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Cornell, Richard 74 100 $60
Carnell, Richard 87 60 26
Carnell, Richard 88 ' 60 96
Coulter, Mary Ann 2 100 3 60
Coulter, Mary Ann 3 100 60
Donovan.M.J 183 600 260
Ellis, Fred N 187 100 60
Finck, George 128 300 160
Finck, George 133 200 100
Gillan, James S 160 1000 600
Hickox, B. F 139 25 12.60
Hickox, B. F 140 25 12.50
Lamar, T.D. 3 134 100 60
Lamar, T. D. S 135 100 60
Lee.R.H 163 100 60
McFadden, John 14 100 60
McFadden, John 15 100 50
McFadden, John 16 100 60
McFadden, John 20 60 25
McFadden, John 23 60 25
McFadden, John ...27 50> 25
Quinn.John 4 200 100
Riley.H.K 181 60 25
Shelden, Mark 159 1000 500
Stewart, John 130 100" 60
Stewart, John 131 100 60
Taylor, D. W ...124 500 250
Taylor, D. W 125 1000 600
Taylor, D. W 126 1000 500
Tripp.J. W 141 50 26
Tripp, J. W 142 50 26
Tripp.J. W 144 ' 25 12.50
Tripp.J. W 145 25 12.60
Tripp, J. W 146 25 12.50
Turnock, Joseph 136 60 25
Wainwright, Wm 165 255 127.50
Whalen, John *. 41 100 60
Whalen.John 48 100 60
Whalen, John 61 50 25
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 25th day of Nov-
ember, 1874, so many shares of each parcel of said
stock" as may be necessary, will be sold at public auc-
tion at the office of the Company, 408 California street,
Room No. 16, on Friday, the 15th day of January, 1875,
at the hour of 12 o'clock, m., of said day, to pay
delinquent Assessments thereon, together with costs
of advertising and expenses of sale.
B. F. HICKOX, Secretary.
Office, Room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
•at.
30
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January g, 1875.
Ij-op apd fflachijie torts.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 126 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
H. I. CUBBY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OP THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17T25-3m
TUB BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris,
Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
2JvlT-qy
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
WiKDri.0TDSEK8 OF
stisjlm: engines,
Quartz, r*lo\ir ana saw Mllle,
II i ye*' Improved Steam Pump, Brodlc's Im-
proved Crusher, Mining Fnmpa,
Amalgamators, and all kinds
Of Machinery.
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fr jmont streets, above How-
street, San Francisco. 3-qy
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manalactnre of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AFB —
Every "Variety oi ©hatting^,
Embracing ALL SIZES i f
Steamboat Shafts, Cranks, Piston and Con-
o. necttng Sods, Car and Locomotive Axles
and Frames
— ALSO —
HA-MMETIED IRON
Of every description and sizs
0&- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Francisco, Gal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
a®- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
SHEET IRON FIFE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTTJM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same -where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars . These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box— introduced bv
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
*y All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
The Phelps7 Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. P. Screw Bolt Works.
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
Maokine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 15 and 17 Drnmm Street, San Franoisco. 4v241j?
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOE THE
Burleigh Rock Drill Comuany,
— MANUFACTTTKEnS OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for IBlagting, Putnam Ha-
L chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
FA-RISIIE <fc. LACY,
2iv28-3m-nd C 310 California St.. S. F.
We have the test and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all thoBe
used in
MACHINE, LOCOMOTIVE,
AND
R. R. Repair Shops.
K?r*For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc.,
address
r NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
No. 4 Car "Wheel Borer. OS Chambers Street, New York*
15v28-eow-ly
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAK07AOTUF.EC;; OF
STEAM E1VGJ1V3ES, BOILERS,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar' s Patent Self -Adjusting' Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all bind* of Miointc Machinery.
Front Street, between X and O ■tro*t».
Sachamento Oitt.
OCCIDENTAL FOUNDRY,
137 and 139 First street SAN FRANCISCO
STEIGEB & BOLAND,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IKON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Soiling Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for .Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
California, Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating's Sauk Printing Presses,
The Eoonobtt Hydeauxio Hoist foe Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
THEODORE EALLENBEEQ.
MACHINIST,
arid Maker of Models for Inventors. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small Gears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and in the'
best' manner. No. 32 Fremont street, S. F. 19v23-3m
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILEB MAKERS
UNO GKSiiUAL MACHINISTS,
Howard 'st., between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet. Howard and FolBom, San Francisco
Machinery and Oastiniro of all kinds.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
JStJItEItA FOUNDRY,
129 and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard,
San Francisco.
LIGHT AN » HEAVY CASTINGS,
of every deaoriptlon, manufactured. 2%vlBor
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
STe. 185 First •treet, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All kuids of Brass, Composition. Zinc, and BabbittMeta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds. Spikes, .Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bells ano
Gongs of superior tone. All kind so f Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulicPipes and Nozzles, and Hose CouptinRS and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
JS- PRICES MODERATE. -£#
J. H. WETST*. V. KINOWELL.
G. W. PEESCOTT. 1 "W. R. Eokart.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVLLLE, _-__--_-- CAL.
PEESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
Hoiaiing Machinery, Saw :ind Grist Milt Irons, House
Fronts. Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Bteam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO, CAL.
JOHN L. HBALD, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills, Stationary
and Portable Ste,am Engines, Pumps, etc. Boilers
built and repaired, and all kinds of Iron and Brass
Castings furnished at short notice.
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLl/E-STONE
& SULPHURIC ACID MANUFACTURERS.
For sale or to lease the LEVIATHAN COPPER MINE,
in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of Bilicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallic copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations, realized £30,-
000 for Bluestone. In sight, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons 15 percent.. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. ■ Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Cost of ex-
traction, $2. There is also a siratnm of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, pnre
sulphur. .To a coin purchaser highly advantageous
terms will be offered. For further particulars apply to
Leurs Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine county, Cal.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'8 PATENT
for DIAMONDPOINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest staro of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices, Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this1 coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Officii, No. 316 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
21v26-tf
pteam hppp.
PARKE
&
LACY,
Sole Agents for
■WEIGHT'S
BUCKET-
PLUNGER
SteamPump,
ALWAYS
BELIABLE
THE SELDEN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARE, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
Combining simplicity and durability to h remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it -n adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are usea.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
— ALSO —
STEAM, GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM 1
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CAER PATENT STEAM KADIATOK.
Send for Price LiBt and Circulars. Address,
A.. CA.HH,
10v28-ly 43 Courtland Street , New York
SANBORN & BYRNES,
Mechanics)' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
Froisettvs New Sectional, Topographical
and Mineral
MAP OF UTAH.
Size, 40 by 56 Inches ; Scale, 8 Miles to an Inch,
Handsomely engraved on stone, colored in counties
and mounted on cloth, showing the Counties, Towns,
Rivers, Lakes, Railroads, Mines and Mining Districts
throughout the Territory, and all Government Subveyb
made to date. Price, mounted, $8: Pocket form, $5,
— ALSO—
New Mining- Map of TJtan,
Showing the boundaries of the principal mining dis-
tricts, some 30 in number, adjacent to Salt Lake City.
Price, pocket form, $2.50.
—ALSO—
Froiseth's New Map of Little Cottonwood
Mining: District and Vicinity.
Showing the location of some 400 mines and tunnel
sites, together with the mines surveyed for U. S. Pat-
ent. Price $3. For sale and mailed to any part of the
globe, on receipt of nrice, by A. L. BANCROFT & CO.,
A. ROMAN & CO., and LeCOONT BROS. & MANSUR,
San Francisco. 10v25-tf
£Very Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
607 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find the work valuable far beyond
its cost. Published by Dewey & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific PreBB.
Price, post paid, $1.
Brittan, Holbrook & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals, Tinners' Ooods, Tools and Machines;
111 and 11 - California St., 17 and 19 Davis St., San Fran-
eisoo, and 178 J St., Sacramento. r»r -'y
*!:■.;
January g, 1875."]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
31
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
OOOK, RYME-* k 00/8 Celebrated Hoisting Engines have been too long
In use on the Paeitio Coast to require any special recommendation from us.
We refer with confidence to any one of the hundreds now in u*-e. We simply
state that they still sustain their old reputation, the manufacturers uut
having followed the now too common practice of reducing the quality of
material and workmanship for the sake of competing with cheaper engines.
For ilc-tailn of Bisoi send for price Hat. We desire to call particular attention
to our new
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the same parties.)
Which have ju«t heen introduced on this Coast. The plans and specifications
are the cuinbtned efforts of oun most successful mining enoineebs, and the
result is the most complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING ENGINE
Ever built. Their advantages will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
the necusj-itles of a mine. One of these engines may be seen at work in the
Belcher mine, and one in the Ophir, on the Comstock lode, to both of which
we refer. flSTWe have all sizes of theBe engines constantly on hand. For
Bale only at
TREADWELL & CO.'S,
23vI0-eow-tf
San Francisco, Cal.
fflipipg J/lachipery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MIIVLW,
Mado by onr improved pro- <
Bj». After many years of
put 1'iit research and experiment
wc nave succeeded in producing
si 1.1 L shoes AMD DEE8 for
QUARTZ
MILLS
which an
HIM ■'infilled J
for
Strength,
Durability,
Economy
Will wear three tines longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Itock Breakers, Furnaces. Engines, Boilers
end Shnftiug, and general Mining Machinery in all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders proudly filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28«ly
EAGLE IMPROVED CHLORINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July. 1873.)
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Eremont & Natoma
streets, S. F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use.
B^ SEND FOR CEROULAR
N. B. — Also manufacturer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double-Acting Force Pnmp. Received the Silver
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco. 18v27-2am3ni
The Cheapest and Most effective Furnace now in use
Parties desirous of building above furnace, or for any
information on same, address,
I. T. MTLLIKEN,
i31 No. 302 Montgomery St., room No. 14, S. F.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY,
VERY IMPORTANT
TO MINERS AND MILL MEN.
Silver-Plated Copper Amalgamating Plates for Saving Gold,
Of all Sizes and in any Quantity, Furnished to Order.
FULL INSTRUCTIONS -SENT FOB OPERATING THESE PLATES.
Over fifty prominent Mills and MineB have already been furnished with these plates. Particular attention given
to plating goods for Buiders, Plumbers, etc. Hotel and Restaurant -work replated.
SAN FRANCISCO GOLD AND SILVER PLATING WORKS,
653 and 655 Mission Street,
E. G-. DENNISTON, Proprietor-
SAN FRANCISCO
25v29-lam-3m
This machine, complete, weiphs 1.500 Idb. Has an iron
| rauie, five steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
" icb all ike 2,0iU blows per minute, in a mortar provided
llwlth screens on buth sides, and crushes fine 600 lbs. per
IbOur, requiring one-liorae power to drive it. Has been
Hthnrnushlv tested, and is guaranteed to give gond satis-
faction. PRICE. $i'-00.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v2G-tf
315 California street. San Francisco.
Stamp Mill For Sale at Ophir Canon,
jjSye County, Nevada. Midway between Austin and
IjBelmont, belonging: to the Twin River Consolidated
Mining Co. A complete mill, comprising; twenty(20)
1001b stamps, (dry-crushing) with Rock Breaker. Pans,
tettlers, and entire outfit of milling appliances;
together with an excellent engine (18x42) , two tubular
ooilers and all requisite Bhafting, gearing, belting, &c;
i valuable lot* of Sierra Nevada timber in Battery
'rames and building. The whole is offered cheap. For
further information apply to JAS. D. HAGUE.
I8v27-3m 240 Montgomery St., S. F
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
-[PATENTED MAT 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supls. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of tteel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit atrial order,
guaranteeing that you will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. Tbey are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in ut-e in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per |
pound. Their advantages over iron arecbeapneBB on first 1
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang- J
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam r&
by absence of iron duBt and clappings, and a saving of j<jj
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders 1
from the manufactory East. Price 1G cents per "
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
with dimensions, to
OAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building, S.
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting*, Desulphurizing, Chloridizing
and Oxidizing Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
use. Chloridizing Silver Ae more thoroughly, in leas
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordina/y ability, teudB five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent 'Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted oreB, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iroii),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gaBes. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln." for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
Baving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining and Scientific Phess, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars addresB
TEATS & BREED,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, &c, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entire
by machinery. Material the best in use;constmctio
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cos
less than elsewhere.
"WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa ____
BLACK DIAMOND • FILE WORKS.
G. & H. BARIVETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond 6treet,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
;
32
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
January g, 1875.'
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-MORE THAN 7000 IN USE.
Hand Power
MINING PUMPS,
TANK PUMPS,
MARINE PUMPS,
FIRE PUMPS,
Plunger PUMPS,
SUGAR PUMPS,
OIL PUMPS,
Brewry PUMPS,
Tannery PUMPS,
Irrigating PUMPS,
FARM PUMPS,
;ACID KUMPS.
Wrecking PUMPS
FEED PUMPS.
Send for our large
The BLAKE PUMP may be seen in many o£ the principal mines of California and Nevada More than 7,000 have been sold and I we refer to any one found in use.
and handsomely Illustrated Catalogue giving prices and details of over 100 different sizes. A large stock of all sizes on hand at the Machinery Depot ot
San Francisco.
TREADWELL
1874.' A GRAND SILVER MEDAL.§ 1874.
The highest and only prize of its oluas given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their F.air in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines-
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANUFACTURES OP
SPA.UJL.DINGt'SS
Patent Tooth Circular Saws,
They have proved to he the most du able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wond.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect.
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FDRNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OP
53iA.ttJD-W-A.tttt, IIROlsr, STEEL
AND OTHfcR METALS,
107, 109 and III FRONT STREET,
lOS, 110 and 112 PINE STREET;
SAN FRANCISCO, CA3L,.
2v30-finl-eow
GIANT POWDEB.
Patented May 36, 1868.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDEB, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDEB, NO. S,
For medium and seamy Rocfc, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bant^Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLU8IVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
10- The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANTT, OTELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
THE PACIFIC
REDUCTION WORKS.
GUIDO
Superintendent.
KUSTEL,
WTXL PURCHASE GOLD AND SILVER BEARING ORES, CtTPERIFEROTJS SILVER
ORES, GOLD STJLPHTJRETS, ETC., AT THE HIGHEST RATES, OR "WORK
THE SAME; FOR ACOOTXNT OF OWNERS.
Office, SIO Front street, San
ITVaiicisoo.
• 4v29-6m-16p
Cazin's Combination Gre-Sizer and Con-
centrator— One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a sizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de-
livering two or lour sizes of ore to two or four rows of
sieves, each row independent of the other, and each
having 6 sieves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the Bpecial size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-cl,iSb ores into
lst-class ores*of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter;— galena and silver sulphurets from
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most cases for the requirements of western mines, with
a capacity of 15 or 20 tons per 24 hours.
For particulars apply to,
F. CA2IN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co.
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, or corner of
Blake and 32d itreets, ag8-16p
MAGAZINES.
Harper's
Atlantic
Godey
New York Ledger, . . .
Blackwood
Hours at Home
Good Words
Peterson s
Arthur
Lady e Friend
Harper's Weekly
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Literary Album
London Society.
All the Year Round.
London 111. News
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Ne^ws Dealer
AND STATIONER,
S. E. corner of Sansomc &nd
Washington streets,
BUPPLEEB AIL
Eastern Perodicals
BT THE
Year, Month, or Numb
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT.
H. P. aiiGOBT,
Sole Agent for the Tanite Go's
EMORY WHEELS AND MACHINERY,
Empire Warehouse, Beale St., near Market, S. F.
Mxkebb write for your paper.
ADAPTED TO. EVERY SITUATION
«v / yys/.Vs ?^/o r-y
GE0.P. HLAKS MFC CO.
in. r. ontuuni,
Sole Agent for Pacific Coast,
Empire Warehouse, Beale St.near M'kt
SAN FKANOISCO, OAL.
THE AMERICAN
TU R B I N I
Water Wheel.
Power Pledged Equal 1
any Over-shot "Wheel
Ever Built.
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scie
tific tests by James Emerson, showing the follow!]
useful effect of the power bf the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, H 50.08; H 69.64; H 78.1
% 82.53; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.M,>
Mr. Emerson says: " These are the beat ave
age results ever given, by any Turbine Whe<
in my experience."
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or a: I
further information desired, furniBhedon application
TREADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. '
Sole Agents for the Pacific StateB and Territories. I \
18v29-eow-tf
Sturtevant Blowers and Exhaust Fan:
AT TEE
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPO
H. P. GE.BSOR-S,
Beale Street, near Market, San Francisco,
J
An Illustrated Journal of
»Y I>I£W1£Y A CO.
i*u I «> nt Solicitors.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. JANUARY 16, 1875.
VOLUME XX-X
Number 3.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
Wv 8.
Connections With old Workings.
The foregoing remarks about the opening of
Hydraulic mines refer chiefly to those mines or
gravel deposits which, having never worked
before, offer all the difficulties of new and un-
drained ground. . Whenever other mines have
been worked in the same deep gravel deposits,
and a neighboring claim has reached its boun-
daries, thus setting free one side of the gravel
bank, which shall be submitted to the hydrau-
lic process, the tunnel can be connected with
the free Bide by large drifts, constructed on a
grade sufficient to receive sluice boxes. These
drifts must be placed deep enough in the bed
rock to permit the washing of the gravel into
the sluice boxes from all sides.
It must be borne iu mind that, under the con-
ditions mentioned, the very gravel bank
through which these drifts or cuts run will
have to be washed away, and the closing up by
oavings of the mouth of one or the other drift
can hardly be avoided.
The best way to clear a mass of caved matter
from the mouth of a drift is to wash a small
channel close to the gravel bank, so that the
caved matter itself forms a wall and barrier on
the outside, confining thus the water and gravel
work to a small stream. In this way an open-
ing is boon made, and the bulk of the caved
matter can be dispatched through the drift
whose mouth was cleared.
The Working of Hydraulic Mines.
ThiB is done by the power of water and pow-
der. The power of the former depends on its
quantity, and the pressure under which it can
be applied. It is therefore most desirable to
have the supplying ditch, or reservoir, not only
at a high elevation above the mine, but also in
its close proximity. The first condition in-
sures a great hydrostatic pressure; the second
a short line of feeding or conveying pipes.
To give an idea of what a powerful agent
water can be made under pressure, it may be
stated that a quantity of water, equal to a
thousand inches, miners' measure, and yield-
ing 1,579 cubic feet per minute, can be dis-
charged under a pressure of from 275 to 300
feet, through a 6-inch nozzle, with a velocity
of 140 feet per second, and in a quantity of
1,645 pounds, for the same length of time.
Such a quantity of water uninterruptedly
Btriking the bank, with one-tenth the velocity
of a cannon ball, must necessarily do great ex-
ecution, and suffices, in many instances, to
produce the caving of the gravel bank, without
resorting to bank blasting.
After a hydraulic mine has been opened for
washing operations, a long line of sluice boxes,
with under-currents, grizzlies, etc., laid down,
and water under a high pressure connected
through an iron pipe with one of the improved
hydraulic nozzles, the real mining work can be
commenced. The description of the different
mechanical appliances will be given further on.
At present the operation itself will be de-
scribed.
A single hydraulic nozzle, connected by an
Iron pipe of any length, with a distributer—
which latter is again connected with the feed-
ing pipe, receiving the water from the bulk-
head of a ditch or reservoir — has been placed
at a safe distance from the gravel bank to be
washed. A screw, attached to the distributer
(for the purpose of opening or shutting a gate
commanding the connection and flow of water
between the distributer and the hydraulic noz-
zle,) is turned, and a stream of water issues
from the hydraulic nozzle. This stream in-
creases in Bize and strength as the gate opens
more and more, and after • a few minutes a
body from five to seven inches in diameter,
and representing from 500 to 1,000 inches,
plays with magnificent force againet the oppo-
site bank of gravel. The water issuing from
the nozzle is to the touch as hard as a bar of
steel, and retains, when thrown from a good
nozzle, its cylindrical and condensed shape,
till it strikes the gravel bank. The effect of
this lance- thrust of water against the bank is
soon visible. At the first shock, a thousand
rays of water fly in all directions; a little later,
the lance has buried itself deep in the bosom
of the bank, and the water boils and hisses
over the lips of the aperture, carrying with it
gravel, saiid, clay, and whatever matter may be
at hand. The opening widens; flakes of gravel
tumble in all directions; an arch, wide and
deep, is made in the gravel bank. The "jambs"
of the arch to the right and left are demolished
by turning the jet of water upon them, and the
first "cave" in the hydraulic mine takes place.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the Inst Annual Report of the (..'. S. Coram ibsi oner of
Mining Statistics.
The Ladies' Friend. .
We give herewith an illustration of a very
useful device for dressmakers and those who
have much cutting to do, it being really a lap
Improved Lap Board.
board upon l^gs which are so arranged tha*
when not in use they can be folded up and
fastened to the under side of the table so as
not to be in the way. The cut shows the
board opened out in readiness for working.
The two pairs of legs, c, c, are hinged to the
ends of the table, and have suitable bracinS
cross bars to keep them steady. At the back
of the table the two cros3 bars, d, are hioged
so that when opened their lower ends pass
An Improved Harrow.
Frank Donohue, of May field, Santa Clara
county, has recently patented through the
Scientific Pbess Patent Agency an improved
harrow, which we illustrate on this page. It
is so constructed that by its natural hanging and
draft, without extra weights, the outer edges
will keep down to their work and preserve as
nearly as possible a uniform level and pene-
tration of the teeth. It is usual to employ a
weight on each wing of a sectional harrow to
keep the edges from buckling upward, but by
the improvement of Mr. Donohue the harrow
is so constructed that the edges will keep down
without a weight
Two hinged sections of a double harrow are
made, each being rhomboidal in shape and con-
sisting of as many parallel timbers as desired
to hold the teeth. These timbers are united
together by a transverse timber near each end.
Atone end of each section a partial parallel
timber is secured, so that when two rhomboid-
al sections are placed together iu the usual
Donohue's Improved Harrow.
way of uniting the two sections of a harrow,
the two partial timbers of the two sections will
stand in the same line, and will, in effect, be a
divided timber in the middle of the harrow.
The hinge straps or plates are secured upon
the parallel timbers so that the hinges at the
opposite ends of the harrow will come on op-
posite sides of the divided timbers. If a line
should be drawn through the two hinges it
would cut the harrow into two trapezoidal
figures, thus causing the weight of the cor-
ners to be nearly at right angles to the breaking
line or joints of the two hinges, so that their
superior leverage, owing to their greater dis-
Diagram taken from Engine at the New Mint.
through mortice slots in the legs, c, and are se-
cured by a simple button, a, which fits into a
notch cut in the brace. By this construction
the whole table is rendered very steady and
when it is desired to put the table away it is
only necessary to fold the braces, d, down and
the legs, c, c, across each other beneath the
table where the whole can be held by means of
a button shown upon the braces, d. In weight
these tables do not exceed that of an ordinary
lap board, and those who have tired themselves
with holding one of the old kind, or who have
seen the inconvenience of putting them down
with all the work when they have to get up for
anything, will recognize their value and the
reason for calling them "The Ladies' Friend."
A patent has been obtained upon this inven-
tion through the Mining and Scientific Pbess
Patent Agency by Mr. Benjamin Strawbridge,
of Stockton, Cal., where he can be addressed
for town, shop, or State rights or for single
tables.
The shipments of treasure from British
Columbia by Wells, Fargo & Co., during the
year 1874, amounted to $1,382,454.78, being
more than any other year since 1868, an"
$404,228.29 more than in 1873.
tance from the hinges, will cause them to keep
closely down to the ground when the harrow is
working.
The double-tree is attached to the harrow eo
that its middle will be in a line with the two
hinges, and in order to accommodate it to the
harrow, the inventor constructs it iu two parts
and hinges them together as shown. The
draft will, therefore, be in a direct line with
the hinges, and consequently the sections will
have equal rise and fall, and as the diagonal
corners are further away from the line of
draft than any other portion of the harrow,
they will keep close to the ground.
Gbound was broken, last week, at the
yard of the Vallejo Ship-building Association,
for the foundation of the first building thatr-is
to be erected, This is a two-story building, 75
long by 30 wide; the upper story being designed
for use as a loft, on the floor of which ships are
to be "laid down."
The Colusa Quicksilver Mines.
From a private letter to a gentleman in this
city with regard to the quicksilver mines in and
near Colusa county, we make the following ex-
tracts: The Abbot mine, which is just over
the county line, according to the statement
published by the Secretary, has produced siuce
the first of October 125 flasks of mercury
They are said to have con*idrrable quantiiie
of ore in sight, and have flattering prospects.
On the same side of the hill are several other
"prospects." One of them called Excelsior,
owned by Disturnell Brothers has turned out
some very fine ore, having brought in for re-
duction considerable that has run from 11 to 15
per cent. The ExcelBior is an extension of the
Abbot on the south. Adjoining it on the south
is another mine called the Jackson, which
from all accounts is prospecting very well, hav-
ing 30 or 40 tons of pay ore on the dump.
On the Colusa county side of the hill is the
Elgin mine, which is about four miles from the
present Wilbur Springs. The mine is under
the management of J. O. Smith. They have
one retort of about 800 pounds capacity per 24
houra. Mr. Smith started up the retort on
the 20th of August, and has produced 52 tanks
of quicksilver. They have some very fine ore
in sight, and large quantities of furnace ore.
The Montezuma claim is owned by Hughes,
Rood and others, who are having a tunnel run
under their prospect on the smface. They
have both gold and cinnabar ore. The Man-
zanita is one of the oldest claims in the dis-
trict, and the most of it is owned by C. B.
Hughes. It produces some very good ore.
The Buckeye mine, notwithstanding the diffi-
culties they have had to overcome in law suits,
lack of means, etc., has produced over 600
tanks of meroury since starting. The mine is
looking very well. They cleared up last week,
after seven days' run about twenty-two flasks
of mercury, which would be from eighty to
ninety per month. They expect to exceed this
when the drain tunnel is completed. It is now
in ore 500 feet, and the shaft will be reached in
about 100 feet more. Two more winzes are
being sunk from the main level, 150 feet apart,
to the grade of the drain turmel, and they will
then work in from different directions. So
that by March or April the Superintendent ex-
pects to have it right in the heart of the mine
with a heavy body of ore£overhead which they
can break down as it suits their convenience.
d,.W
The coin dies of the United States mint at
Carson for the year 1874 were defaced last
Wednesday, with the usual ceremonies, all the
officers of the mint being present.
The New Mint Engine.
Most conspicuous among the lavish equip-
ments of the new Mint in this city, in the me-
chanical department, and claiming the atten-
tion of the numerous visitors, stands the mas-
sive high pressure beam engine, built by Booth
& Company, with its polished engine bed, pil-
lars, and entablature. We have already des-
cribed this engine and now present a diagram
taken from it with a Richards' indicator, one of
the first taken. The diagram is on a scale of 30
pounds to the inch. The engine has a four-foot
stroke, and had a comparatively light load at
the time the diagram was taken, 9:30 a. m. The
points to be deduced from the diagram are as
follows :
Commencing with the stroke at the top of
the cylinder we see the steam valve begins to
shut at one-eighth and closes at one-third of
the stroke (the points dotted) whence we have
the expansion curve the remaining portion of
the stroke and returning get a well proportioned
lead of steam, shown by the rounded curve.
Starting from the bottom of the cylinder
we have steam shut oft" at one-sixteenth, the
steam expanding and falling in pressure, as
shown by the expansion curve the remainder of
the stroke. Returning we notice that the steam
valve requires a litttle steam for cushioning,
i. e. helping the piston over the dead point,
which would give a rounded corner in the
diagram similar to the top. The load is com-
paratively light and the pressure small, but it
would be desirable for top and bottom stroke
to give the same reading in points of cut-off,
etc. The valveB are each worked by a separate
cam, and as this admits of independent and ex-
act adjustment, doubtless ere this the points
we have remarked have been carried into prac-
tical operation by the very competent staff of
mechanical engineers,
34
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 16, 1875
:
CORRESPONDENCE.
Among the Quicksilver Mines.
EditobsPeess: — Arrived here last evening
by saddle from Capay valley, over a tolerably
good mountain wagon road, the distance being
from D. C. Ramsey's ranch, the highest up
Capay valley, about 32 miles. But by trail up
Cache Creek valley from same ranch, I could
have reached Knoxville in about eight or nine
miles, and that, too, over an excellent route
for a good wagon road. From Knmsey's to
Woodland, 46 miles of level road down Cache
creek, thus making the entire distance to rail-
road at "Woodland 45 miles. To Napa city it is
53 miles. It seems strange that Yolo county
should fail to see that this little internal im-
provement is much needed in her own county,
and where so small an outlay would be sure to
return a quick profit. Private enterprise will
soon take hold of it as a profitable investment,
if the county does not move in the matter. Af-
ter a weary day's travel it is truly a treat to
dismount iu so pleasant a camp, which, by the
way, would be a fully incorporated city in Ne-
vada State.
The whole aspect of the place here, however,
speaks business, not town lot speculations,
etc. One large hotel with ample accommoda-
tions for man and a good stable for , horses.
After an excellent night's rest, I Ballied forth
to take a peep into some of the beauties of a
quicksilver camp. After a cursory view of the
quiet, but yet busy town, I took a two
mile walk up the fine graded road to the Man-
hattan Co.'s mines, under superintendency of
Joseph Osborn, who being absent, Mr. Charles
Howard kindly showed the various parts of the
mine. The mining operations were being car-
ried on very successfully under *H. Greertman
and-J. H. Morse, Foremen. By aid of drills,
powder, cars and long chutes the ores are very
cheaply transported from their native beds to
the reduction works, where I found Mr. Jo-
seph Meyer, superintending the furnace oper-
ations. Time does not allow me to detail this
furnace matter further than the simple state-
ment that they run a Koox & Osborn furnace,
of 24 tons capacity, and are working 16 to
to 20 tons daily, employing 65 to 70 men
in all. Wages, to miners, $45.00; helper,
§40.00; common laborers, $35.00 per month
and board, with cabin accommodations. Every
thing seems to move along in a systematic,
common sense order, and is done by firs'-class
white labor. The deepest work in the mine is
about 200 feet, but now finding plenty of good
ore at a depth of not over 60 feet from the sur-
face, where it is well ventilated and healthy
working.
But I must pass on over the hills to the Cal-
ifornia company's works, on the Keid mines,
3 miles north of Knoxville. TheBe mines, sit-
-Uittd just aoross the line of Napa into Yolo
county, are esteemed highly among valuable
claims. Through the kind attention of the
Superintendent, T. J. Hall, his Assistant, J. S.
Lambert.and Stephen Maynard, Foreman of the
mine, I had abundant opportunity to visit and
examine the principal points of interest at the
furnace and mine. The lower tunnel, through
which as a thoroughfare, all the ore from the
various tunnels and surface workings for the
300-foot above it will be discharged, is about
500 feet long, with a well ironed car track.
Above this is another tunnel 600 feet loDg,
with its cross sections and stopings. Above
this is a still a third tunnel, between 400 and
500 feet long. And above, and "sky-ward" as
they term it, are open surface workings, yield-
ing good mineral, worked to the depth of 40 or
5J feet. They employ genuine first-class, in-
telligent labor in evtry part of their operations.
They are using at present one of the best con-
structed Knox & Osborn furnaces, with ample
condensing chambers wiih vapor draught ex-
tending nearly a quarter of a mile away, up the
mountain side, thus freeing the whole premi-
ses of any danger from hurtful gases or mercu-
ry poison. Capacity of furnace, 24 tons daily.
I noticed also, one peculiar feature, introduced
by Mr. Hall with successful results for econo-
my. The fine metal bearing dirt and gravel he
concentrates by aid of water, so that he need
pass but a small amount through the fur-
nace and gets more satisfactory results.
The amount of metal yield varies according
to quality of ore used; last week gave a yield of
40 tanks of 76% pounds each, but some weeks
run less.
They employ on all their workp, including
extensive wood and farm operations, 100 men.
The company erect all necessary dwellings and
own all improvements made on their lands.
They have plenty of water running through
their valley into Cache creek and thence down
Capay valley, paBt Woodland in Yolo county.
Eight miles of easily graded road would con-
neot them with the road at the head of Capay
valley and thus enable them to reach their
county seat, and also carry their metal over a
beautiful down grade road to the railroad at
Woodland. This California company alone
could soon build the road if allowed to spend
the road tax collected by Yolo county from
their hands'on^that road. As now situated,
they feel that there is some injustice done
them.
Napa county pursues a more liberal course
with the Redington company, at Knoxville, in
the disposition of road monies, and will be the
gainer thereby. This Redington Quicksilver
Mining company being a great representative
mining operation has been fully written up and
needs little to be said. Through the obliging
clerk of the company, Mr. Hall, I obtained the
following items — not having time to inspect
the interior of the mine. Mr. C. E. Livermore
superintends the entire operations.
They employ 250 men. They have three
Knox & Osborn furnaces and one more is being
erected. These are old style furnaces that
work about 200 tons per week. TheK & O.
furnaces yielded about 600 to 1,000 flasks per
month for the past few months. Plenty of
good ore in the mine on the 400-foot level.
The company own the entire town and miles
of surrounding lands, with a vast store of all
ihe ordinary and extraordinary necessities;
provisions, clothes, medicines, etc.; hotel and
stable, shops, and even the church edifiee, a
very creditable emblem of civilization. Perhaps
it is one vast monopoly! Who knows? If so,
this fact failed to appear in any form of com-
plaint from their tenants and operatives. I had
a long talk with one who has been 8 years in
their employ, and occupying a very responsible
position. I heard no words of dissatisfaction.
This same feature is common to all the three
companies. Each having an entire ownership
of extensive domain and supplying the princi-
pal wants of their operatives. They even em-
ploy a first-class physicians at a trifling ex-
pense to each. Dr. Sweet, now employed by
all three companies, seems very popular with
all ;but very little sickness iu the camp. C.
Knoxville, Dec. 25.
The Sumner Mine.
The Sumner mine, in Kernville, Kerncoun
ty, is an old mine which has been worked for
several years without profit, but which will
shortly be heard from, and is likely to
rank with the most famous mines on the
coast. It might have liugered along, occasion-
ally worked and oftener idle, had not the atten-
tion of Senator Jones been attracted to it about
Ihree years ago. It now belongs to the Sena-
tor and E. It. Banke. Since that time it has
yielded $8,000 to $10,000 a month from s<
much ore as could be crushed by an old rattle
trap 15-stamp mill. Most of the time since
then has been spent in perfecting the title
which was very much involved. The difficul-
ties have all been removed, and United States
patents obtained. The Sumner mine now in
eludes the old Sumner and the Big Blue
mines. The claim is 8,000 feet leng, with a
vein 60 to 80 feet wide, of which 15 to 40 feet
is pay ore. The character of the rock is free
milling. A new water power mill of 80 stamps
is just being completed. Hoisting works of
the most approved Cormstock pattern, and lar-
ger than anything yet erected in California,
are building, and will be finished in April,
when the new mill will be set to work on $35
rock, of which the mill will crush 160 tons a day.
As the Kern river runs past the mine, and the
productiveness of the" mine with the new hoist-
ing works cannot be estimated until it reaches
the quantity necessary to 'feed 1,000 stamps.
With such facilities a mine of this extent must
contribute largely to the enrichment of its
owners and the filling up of Kern county with
inhabitants of every occupation. Senator
Jones' investment in the mine alone is said to
be $500,000.
All Alive to ihe Nokthwakd. — L. H. Torp,
keeper of the Gelger Grade toll-house, informs
us that there, was a straggling army of men on the
move along his road to the northward last
night, all excited about their mining claims in
that direction. The time for doing the requ red
$100 worth of work expired at 12 m. last night,
and the owne.s of claims felt that it was time
for them to be up and doing. A great many
parties of jumpers were out. Some whose
claims are doubtless all right were out to guard
against these and warn them away, while oth-
ers who are probably not at all right went out
in order that they might be found on their
claims and at work when the hour of twelve
should strike. Tha jumpers were very numer-
ous, and it was feared that there would be
bloodshed during the night. It is said that no
less than four different parties went out north
to jump a certain claim which all have been
long watching. Those who first succeeded in
posting their notice when the witching hour of
midnight arrived would be the lucky ones. The
parties leaving town went provided with pro-
visions and otherwise fully equipped. Such
was the demand for teams and riding animals
that the stock of all of ihe livery stables was
exhausted. — Virginia Enterprise.
The Sheep Ranch Mine.
A correspondent of the Call writing from
Sheep Ranch mine says : Our camp being
only eleven miles from the "big trees," tourists
could make the call with scarcely any extra
expense of time or money. Here is the well
known Sheep Ranch mine, owned by Messrs,
Ferguson, Wallace and Early,, without paying
the best, for the money invested, of all the
mines in the State. Their mill is running
continually. They have just finished new
hoisting works at the old shaft near the east
end of the claim, and are now retimbering it
Walter and I had a little game the other day.
Taking a tub of water to the dump we tried to
see which could find gold first. He rather
b^at me, but I believe we did not pick up a
piece of rock that did not show gold. Some of
the ribbon rock was besprinkled with it. Now
and then a little galena was seen, but this mine
has but few sulpburets.
Adjoining, and on the same lead to the east,
is the McNair claim. This has been prospected
sufficiently to warrant the belief that it is a
first-class mine. A shaft about one hundred
feet in depth has been sunk, and considerable
drifting and stoping done, the rock paying
well. This mine has not been worked for sev-
eral years, but a new shaft is about to be sunk
near the west end, where, in the claim adjoin-
ing, excellent ore was taken out. There the
water will not bother, as the contiguous mine
has been worked up to the line. There is
probably no better place for the investment of
capital than right here, and I understand the
claim is offered for sale, as the owner wishes
to. remove. Here on these mines were cor-
ralled for years a band of sheep, the shepherds
daily stumbling over rich croppings, as un-
suspecting of the wealth below as the woolly
quadruped they tended.
A little to the south is a new claim owned by
Messrs. Bean, Smith & Hicks. They have
only crushed nineteen tons of ruck, which paid
$61 to the ton. This mine was discovered by
Mr. Bean, an old prospector, and one of the
best on the mineral belt. A little further to
the south is the Lodi. It bas paid well, but
has not been worked for the past two years.
Messrs. Hull & Tichner, the present owners,
are now preparing to resume work.
A li tie to the east is anew mine discovered
by Joseph Mason; he is busily engaged in get-
ting out good-looking rock. .Near this mine is
one owned by Messrs Toon & Hull, which has
not been prospected much on account of water.
So all are at work.
Coal Slate.— Jeremiah Gibson has shown
us a specimen of coal slate, taken from a dis-
covery he has made but a short distance from
this city. The substance is sufficiently carbon-
iferous to burn with considerable coaxing,
which the discoverer thinks is a splendid indi-
cation that genuine coal will be found on dig-
ging sufficiently far into the ground. It is to
be hoped that these surmises will prove cor-
rect, and we shall be pleased to record the fact
as soon as made clearly evident. So many in-
ducible evidences of the near presence of the
genuine article have been found hereabout
aud snbBeqneutly dwindled to a fine point and
fiually to nothingness that faith in gemviue in-
dications short of the real article itself has be-
come somewhat shaken. It is to be hoped
Mr. Gibson will persevere in his prospecting
labors in this locality and finally bring an un-
doubted specimen of coal. Such a discovery
would be invaluable to this city. The gentle-
man named has already made several discov-
eries ol material of a useful character. — Beserst
( Utah) News.
Wabd and Julia. — The Gold Hill News says
that an agreement was entered into on the 23d
ult. between the Julia Gold and Silver Mining
company and the Ward Mining company,
wuose mine adjoins that of the former com-
pany, by which, for the space of eighteen
months, "the Ward Mining company have the
privilege of working their mine through any of
the levels of the Julia mine to the north line of
the Wawi claim, with the use of the tracks,
shaft and hoisting apparatus of the Julia com-
pany.
The New Standard. — A meter is three feet,
three inches and three-eighths. Consequents,
five centimeters are nearly two inches. The
nickel half-dime is two centimeter-; in diameter,
aud weighs five grammes. Eight kilometers
are nearly five miles. Sixty-six kilometers are
about forty-one miles. Twenty-five millimeters
make almost an inch. All this is to become
familiar after the Centennial.
New Locations.
The Virginia Chronicle says: A large number
of locations of mining ground have been made
since the law of Congress took effect on the
first of January. On the hills surrounding townj
notices are met with everywhere, some of which!
are in out of the way localities, which had been
abandoned years ago, and where there is no
more probability of finding a paying mine than
out in the Twenty-six- mile desert. Perhaps,*
however, the object of the projectors is to form
companies, issue stock and dispose of it fo«j
whatever can be realized, as was common iu
Washoe in early days. Some of the locations
have been made in the most ridiculous manner,
and without any regard to the points of tha
compass. Some run directly east and west,
and one at least extends 1500 feet directly
across the Comstock ledge. What thiB mining
sharp expects to accomplish is not easy to
conjecture. Other property which has been)
taken up is really valuable. In some cases*
good claims had been abandoned yeara
ago by the owners, who had followed other ex^
citements and gone off to new countries, while
in other instances companies had been working
on properties to which they had no title, ana
took no pains to secure one, when the time ar-
rived. A number of persons are still travefi
sing the hills north and south of the ends oj
the Comstock, looking for eligible locations,
The weather has been as propitious as if seji
apart especially to favor prospecting at thp
right time. Had the ground been covered
with snow a foot or two in depth for the las)
week, nothing could have been done, but th|
mild temperature and balmy atmosphere seel
to draw persons out into the hills for amuB<
ment as in the early days of spring.
[1
Sing
i.
Good for the " C and C. — There are thosj
among bur mining men who predict that the ne*
C and C shaft now being sunk near the works o]
the Virginia City Gas company, will strike orj
before attaining a depth of 600 feet. Thb
would be a big thing and a fine send off for tbi
C. and C. We all know that General Thomat
H. Williams found fine prospects three or fottt
hundred yards further east in boring' dowi
from 600 to 800 feet with a diamond drill. TI
progress of the C and C shaft will be watch
with the keenest interest by all our mini]
men, as all have looked upon the Burface co)
figuration of the ground thereabout with
wistful eye. In the whole basin extendi:
across the eastern front of all of thebonanzi.
claims nothing that could be called a shaft hn
ever been sunk — nothing but the old-fashion*
circular prospect holes. — Enterprise,
FOUNDRYMEN EXEMPT FEOM LICENSE. — A
agreed case was recently made in this city x< ::
test the power of the City License Collector ttkii
demand license tax from foundrymen Mr :■ .
Palmer of the Miners' foundiy was arrestee pose
for refusing to pay license and the case went ti{ fat
trial. The defense set up in this case was thai ita
the defendant and his partners only manuiac >
tured articles in their line of business to ordeal
» Lid did not keep any merchandise on hana
and for sale. The court held that this was no
a vendor within the meaning of the law, an
therefore dismissed the complaint.
Panamint is supplied by water from sprin.
located in the canon above town, brought don
in pipes and retailed at present at five cent
per gallon. The supply is and will be ampt
for quite a city, and may be increased indefi
nitely by wells of about 100 ft in depth, two c Jj
which' are now in use. About a sluice head c ^
the finest water bursts out two miles down ih>\ ^
canon and continues to the sands three mile ^
below, and along the only road by which team W
can reach the town. ^
Theee are on exhibition at the office of Salt n>
ulve) <*
at abot *:'
alHn ■
I
weighing 216 pounds, and valued
§4,000, smelted at the Sacramento 6meltia?^
works, from ore which had been looked upo *
as very difficult to reduce, but the new supe l
simple process of his own.
Cheeky. — Two well-known mining Superin-
tendents of this city were yesterday discussing
the bonanza, when one of them propounded
the following question to his brother silver-
hunter: "Supposing the Almighty to have
given you full power and authority to make
such a body of ore as you pleased, could you
have made a better one?" "I don't know,"
said the other; "but I Bbould have made it still
bigger." "Well," said the first Bpeaker, "you
have more cheek than any man I ever saw — you
have, by thunder!" — Enterprise.
Mining Decision. — Tne Secretary of the In-
terior has affirmed the decision of the General
Land Office in the case of the Kempton mine,
Utah. The question involved was the citizen-
ship of the original locator and intermediate
owners. The Secretary decides that applicants
for patents must furnish proof of their own
citizenship only.
A nugget weighing 68 ounces was last week
taken out of the Bald Mountain, Sierra county.
The company have again washed up the dirt in
the small dump at the mouth of the tunnel,
and the result was a dividend of §1,000 to the
share, $20,000 in all.
James Mabeon, a miner working in the Chal-
cedony mines, near Gibsonville, was last week
found dead in a tunnel, having been suffocated
with smoke from the engine room.
The town of Panamint stands directly in the
midst of the mines.
■ill,
. Hi
The Tribune, in its annual review of th 4
mines, says that Utah produced in 1874 near-
$8,000,000 in silver bullion. This is near! f[iir
double the product of last year, and place ^
Ui ah next to California in the production < „ff
the precious metals. |U
There are some of the richest gravel min
in the State near Central hill, Calaveras coa -
ty. A clean-up of the Haskins claim, aft1 ;£T
washing the gravel obtained by two weel '*>
drifting, yielded 180 ounces of the precio :K
metal. ; ^
Oee Shipped. — Captain Richards sbippi 4I|
yesterday four car loads of copper ore fro n0j
Battle mountain to San Francisco. The ore ^
from the English company's mine at Copr,
canyon, and will be shipped from San Franc; *h
co to Liverpool. — Silver State.
The old Green mine, on Gold canyon, >M
short distance below the Justice, after a rest h$
a couple of years, is now being reopened witl Vhj
view to its thorough practical developme) H
under the superintendence of W. W. Turnc
who is also superintendent of the Pictou.
Last week, says the Lake County Bee, W <,,
WilliamB discovered a ledge of silver be ari £!
rock in the vicinity of the Highland Spr>nt
On last Tuesday a ledge, supposed to be of ( t
same character, was discovered in Scott'sT ^"
ley.
January 16, 1875. j
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
35
ECHANICAL
Progress,
_#
Improvements in Glass Manufacture.
Considerable attention appears to be given at
the present time in relation to improvement*
in the manufacture of glass, with a view to its
more general utilization. The latest aimmiuce-
ment we have noticed in this direction is the
following: A French chemist professes to have
discovered the secret of a chemical composi-
tion which has the property of giviving to glass
extraordinary hardness. Immersed in a bath
of the new inveution the ordinary material ac-
quired such a degree of cohesion that it opposes
to shock of hard bodies or action of lire a resis-
tance ten or fifteen times greater than before.
The utilit\ of the discovery is evident, as, if
employed windows will not be broken by hail,
[a up glassses will not be cracked by the flames;
in l may even fall from a bight of several yards
without danger. The material being no longer
fragile may be employed for many uses for
which it is not at present fitted.
A French journal of a late date alludvs to
Lhe above invention as follows: "The iuven-
;ion is termed 'steeped glass;' that is, a glass
which has acquired its peculiarity by liqid ab-
wrption— by being 'steeped' in some liquid.
V number of experiment* were made with
he 'steeped glass" at Buurg, where a cotn-
.»iiiy had been organized to introduce the arti-
ile iuto commerce. A sample of only three
ilimeters in thickness resisted the weight of
.00 grammes falling from the height of rive
neters. Thrown on the ground with force it
rebounded without breaking, and emitted a
ton nd like a leaf of metal; and, in flue, it was
'ound to be incombustible to any definite h< at.
Che company will first introduce it in kitchen
xticles. This seems to be the re-discovery of
tne of the loBt arts of the ancients, which was
ell known to the artificers of the Ptolemies,
nd even as late as the time of Archimedes. It
iromises to make a revolation in the material of
learly every article of domestic utility.
[We have taken measures to learn more defi-
ritely with regard to the truth or falsity of this
sserted invention, and shall communicate to
ur readers whatever information we may ob-
aiu as soon as received. — Ed3. Press.]
•ingle Rail Steam Towage on the
Belgian Canal.
We learn from the Moniteur Industriel Beige
nat a system of steam towage is about to be
atablished on the Bourgogne canal, over a
istance of about 150 miles. The tow path will
e laid with a single rail weighing some 16
oands to the yard, and fixed on traverses
laced 3*2 feet apart. The locomotive has four
rheels, two of which are placed directly along
e axis of the vehicle, one in advance of the
ther, and two, on-! at either side. The former
air are directing, the latter driving, wheels,
'he directing wheels are grooved, and fit the
>il; the others have rubber ties which give
OTchase on the macadamized road, and which
ress thereon only to the extent of 0-07 pounds
er square inch. By means of simple mechan-
m, the weight of the machine may be thrown
ther upon the driving or directing wheels at
ill . In the first case the maximum and in the
.st the minimum of adherence is obtained, to
lit the conditions of a loaded or an empty
oat. A single road is to be used, with relay
igines provided at suitable distances. Each
icomotive tows one boat; and when a meeting
ikes place of two traveling in opposite direc-
ons, the engines change boats and retrace
teir paths.
This single rail system has already been
itisfactorily tested for short distanc.es on the
elgian canals, and the^projector, M. Larman-
has obtained a government concession for
s extended construction for 40 years. The
comotives are to weigh four tons each, and
ill travel at the rate of 3*1 miles per hour,
ith full boats carrying a cargo of 150 tons
*-• .
India-KubrerTibes.— Messrs. Bird & Co.,
London, have lately brought into notice a
and improved wheel, with India-rubber
re, which is claimed to be capable of wearing
i long as, or longer than an iron tire, and to
we the great advantage of perfect noiseless-
388 and absence of injurious jar. The draft
the carriage is Baid to be reduced by the use
this tire nearly one-third. It appears to be
mply a tire of solid rubber, fastened on the
Ifr ;terior of an ordinary wheel by bolts, such as
'e used with iron tires, and it may be thinner
jp] an the usual kind, merely serving the pur-
>8e of a band to hold the wood work firmly
gether.
A han&ing railway car, suggested by Mr. Bes-
mer's steam system, has been tested with
iccess on the northern railway of France,
sated in this car, which hangs on elastic
fe irings, the traveler experiences the sensation
*J a hammook, free from vibrations and bump-
|E g. The movement is described as very gentle.
nI_povED Stucco. — M. Landrin, recommends
e mixing of the crude plaster in water con-
i ining 8 or 10 per cent, of sulphuric acid,
fter allowing the compound to rest for fifteen
mutes, he calcines the plaster. This gives
stucco of excellent quality in which all
•ganic matters are burnt out leaving the
aterial of exceptional whiteness.
Relative Cost of Water and Steam
Powers.
The cost of the water power equipuiuut at
Lowell was, for canals and dams, $100; for
wheels, etc, another $100, per horse power.
But this, an a first experiment, was more costly
than a similar equipment need be. At Saeo
the expense incurred was $175 per horse power;
but at a later period, for turbines with high
heads, the expense would be less. A con-
struction and equipment, solidly carried out,
with the latest improvement in wheels, would
not cost over $200 for horse power, and would,
nnder favorable circumstances, cost less. An
estimate at Penobscot was for $112.50 per
horse power. If the construction be with
wooden dams, and the equipment with lower
grade wheels, then the cost would be about $50
per horse power; and although the construc-
tion would be less permanent than the more
solid, it would outlast any steam apparatus.
On the other hand, Fall River estimates of
steam equipment, exclusive of foundations and
engine houses, run from $100 to $115 per
horse power. A Boston authority gives $115
per horse power for nominal 300 horse power
and upwards, inclusive of foundations and
masonry. Similarly a Portland authority
places it at $100 per horse power. The actual
cost of steam equipment in the water works
of various cities of the United States varies
from $150 to $300 per horse power.
As to the cost of work done, it appears that
in Philadelphia in 1807 the cost of raising water
by water power was only 2% cents per 1,000,000
gallon feet; whereas the cost by ateani power
was in four cities 8 3-10, 11 1-10, and 10 1-10
cents, with coal at $5.50 per ton.
A New Wonder in Steam.
A correspondent of the American Manufac-
turer writes from the vicinity of Pittsburg, Pa.,
as follows:
A conundrum for steam engineers to solve:
Two gentlemen who engaged in engine building
on the North Side, one of whom is largely in-
terested in BuLler county and Alleghany oil
regions, made a special trip this week to the
Steel (originally the McClintock) farm, 'to in-
vestigate a new system of using and utiliziug
steam power. The owner first had a 40 -horse-
power locomotive boiler, and had attached,
separately, with the boiler two engines with
12x8 inch cylinders, to pump wells, making
each 56 revolutions per minute. He afterwards
attached a third engine to work from the escape
steam from one of the first engines, which
made 65 revolutions. He then detached one
of the first engines from the boiler and worked
it by the escape steam from the second, being
successful in running three cylinders of same
size. He then branched off the escape pipe
from the third engine, and is now running two
of the same power by the escape steam, after
doing duty in three next the boiler, all being
same size, and two last escaping in the open
air, the boiler only consuming one-half the
fuel as when all connected separately. My in-
formant being fully satisfied of the facts as
stated, left orders with his manager to experi-
ment on the farm of his company, having quite
a number of wells now pumping by separate
engines. Now who will be able to accouut for
this new increased power from one-half the fuel
consumed, if by adding en gi nes indefinitely and
gaining power by each additional attachment,
we have room y et to learn something about
steam power.
A New Paper Boaed. — A new method of
manufacturing paper board, to make that arti-
cle more generally useful and durable, is de-
scribed as follows: "When a sheet of paper is
immersed in an animonieal solution of copper,
and then dried, it is said to be quite impregna-
ble to water, and does not lose this quality even
though the water be boiling. Two sheets of
paper thus prepare*, and passed through a
cylinder, adhere to each other so completely as
to be quite inseparable. If a large number of
sheets so prepared be cylindered together, boards
of great thickness are obtained, the resistance
and cohesion of which may be increased by
interposing fibrous matters or clothes. The
substance so prepared is quite as hard as the
closest grained wood of the same thickness.
The ammonical solution of copper is prepared
by treating plates of copper with ammonia of
the density of 0,880 in contact with the atmos-
phere.
Immense Photographs. — Photographs have
been made of the new Opera House, Paris, four
feet three inches in length, and three feet four
inches in night. They were obtained in one
Bingle piece, by well known processes, and with
the aid of a large and specially constructed
camera. All the lines of the pictures are of
remarkable excellence, the moldings, the busts,
the medallions, and even the minutest details
being reproduced with rare perfection. The
attempt is being made to secure pictures even
larger than this:
Paper Manufacture. — Upwards of one hun-
dred firms are engaged in the manufacture and
sale of paper in Philadelphia, the first estab-
lished in the country being the Bittenhouse
Mills, where the old Continental paper money
was made. At the-present time all our bank
note and fractional currency paper is made by
the old and wealthy firm of J. M. Wilcox &
Co., of that city.
A New Bleaching Material— The essence
of terebinthiua has recently been found to pos-
sess extraordinary bleaching properties. Nearly
every kind of organic matter subjected to its
action becomes lapidly blanched. The discov-
ery was accidentally made in the Jardiu dee
Plants, while soaking tho skeletons of birds in
the essence of terebinthiua, for tho purpose of
cleansing them of the lleshy matter adhering
to the bones.
[The "essence" above referred to we pre-
sume is obtained from the terebinth tree— P.
Ibrebinthus— of the genus Pistachio, form which
resinous substance known as Ck'tan turpentine
is obtained. This tree flourishes in the island
of Chio. One of tho vurieties of the tree pro-
duces the Pistachio nut, the kernels of which
are of a green calor, and of a very agreeeable
flavor. The discovery may prove of some con-
siderable importance. — Eds. Press.]
Phenomenon in Iron Drawing. — In drawing
certain numbers of iron wire, it often becomts
necessary, in order to continue the use of the
drawing bench, to anneal the iron. This is
done in a hermetically closed receptacle, so as
to avoid, as much as possible, the oxidation of
the metal. In spite of this precaution, how-
ever, the latter becomes covered with an
ochraceousfilm, which it is necessary to remove
by an acidulated bath. It frequently happens,
however, tba't, subsequent to this process, the
metal becomes so brittle as to render its further
drawing impossible. M. Seroz, engineer of the
Societe des Forges de La Frenche Compte, has
examined into this phenomenon, and finds that
the iron becomes charged with a condensed
gas. On breaking the wire under water in a
test tube, inflammable bubbles were generated,
which detonated in the air. The exact nature
of the gas has not yet been decided, nor that
of its direct action upon the metal; but it is be-
lieved to be either hydrogen or carbonic oxide.
Scientific Discoveries in Cyprus.— It is re-
ported that Dr. Dethier, director of the muse-
um at Constantinople, has, in conjunction with
the American Consul General, Signor Cesnola,
secured an interesting collection of antiquarial
objects in the island of Cyprus. The mass of
treasures accumulated by these indefatigable
explorers was so great that more than a fort-
night had been absorbed in packing the forty*-
four crates and thirty chests required for their
reception. The discoveries of M. M. Dethier,
ar.d Cesnola include several cylindrical grave-
stones bearing Greek inscriptions, which may
probably be referred to the early Christian ages
and the closing period of paganism; but here,
as in numerous other remains of the same
kiud, there is no trace of a cross or any analo'
gous religious symbol.
Improved Chromo-Lithographic Process. —
Messrs. Johnson, of Hatton Garden, London,
have invented a new and very economical pro-
cess for producing chronio-Ii Allographs. In
place of using a special stone for each color,
necessitating as many separate impressions as
there axe colors, the entire subject is drawn
upon a single stone and a proof is taken on a
thin sheet of copper. This sheet is theu cut
out carefully according to the desired contour
of the colors, and upon each of the portions is
fixed a solid block of color previously .prepared.
The whole is combined into one form, and is
printed on an ordinary press — all the colors at
once.
Electro-Magnets for Blasting. — An officer
in the French army has communicated to the
Paris Academy of Sciences the results of ex
periments during the siege of that city, which,
he believes, may prove important for firing
military and other mines. It is found that,
when two bars of soft iron, armed with thin
coils, are placed side by side, and one is mag-
netized, the other becomes also magnetized by
induction, and the charge of the second is
nearly twice as strong as that of the other.
Hence the idea originated of employing aux-
iliary bars to increase the power of the coil
used for such purposes.
Electricity and Muscular Action. — Scien-
tists and the afflicted will await with interest
the result of a trial of electricity in support of
a pedestrian in a prolonged feat. In connec-
tion with a challenge to a rival he announces
his purpose to rely largely for physical support
upon the electrical bath as administered in
all the large cities. The test will doubtles at-
tract great attention and perhaps develop facts
but little understood by the general public.
Sunspot and Ozone. — It would appear from
the records of Mr. T. Moffat for nineteen years,
1851-1869, that the maximum of sunspot gives
a maximum of ozone, and that the minimum
of sunspot gives the minimum of ozone. The
years 1854 and 1863 appear to be exceptional.
In 1854, however, ozone observation at Haw-
arden were suspended for three months; which
may account for the irregularity in that year.
Professor Marsh and party returned to
New Haven from the "West on Saturday, Dec.
12. The soientifio results of the expedition
are important, and will soon be published.
The Great Telescope.
The magnificent donation of Mr. Lick, of
this city, for the construction of a telescope
which shall ombody all that science and me-
chanics, at the present day, can do to reveal to
us more of the wonders of the starry universe,
has excited much attention all over the world.
Already a competent scieutist has been com-
missioned to visit the leading observatories of
Europe and learn all that can be of advantage
to the commission designated by Mr. Lick for
carrying out his praiseworthy purpose.
Previous to Mr. Lick's purpose in this direc-
tion being made known, measures had been
taken in France to construct a telescope of
mammoth dimensions. This was first pro-
jected by M. Foucault, in 1865, but was laid
aside in c.onsequence of the death of its pro-
jector. It has since, however, been resumed
under the direction of a well known astrono-
mer, Mr. Wolf, and the construction of the in-
struuient is being pushed forward as rapidly as
possible. The tube of this gigantic instru-
ment is nearly 50 feet long, and 6 feet 8 inches
in diameter, while thatof Hersehell's is only five
feet. The reflector is to be produced at the
Saint Gobin glassworks, and the production of
the mould alone, which is already completed,
occupied six months. The mirror will be pro-
duced spherical, and will afterwards he worked
up nearly to a parabolic form; finally it is to be
covered with silver or gold. It is said that the
staircase and stages to be used with this giant
telescope will present fine specimens of me-
chanical ingenuity. The power of this instru-
ment will greatly exceed any telescope hitherto
constructed.
The experience gained in the construction
of this will doubtlebS afford many useful hints
in the construction of the San Francisco in-
strument, which will probably not be com-
menced until the former is completed. The
Lick telescope will greatly exceed the power of
the French instrument, and will no doubt fur-
nish some most important revelations in as-
tronomical science.
New Discoveries in the Mammoth Cave. —
Professor F. W. Putnam, of thePeabody Aoad-
emy of Sciences, Salem, Massachusetts, has re-
cently explored the Mammoth Cave in Ken-
tucky in the aid of science", and has visited sev-
eral caverns never before entered. His inves-
tigation have resulted iu finding colored fish
without eyes, thus exploding the theory hith-
erto held that all eyeless fish are colorless.
White fish with eyes, and crayfish both with and
without those organs, were obtained, present-
ing many new features of great interest to nat-
uralists. Skeletons of human beings, mounds,
and a large variety of valuable aichseological
relics were found in the new chambers.
A new quality has lately been discovered to
reside in autumn crocus, meadow saffran, or
Colchichumautumnale, formerly used as a reme-
dy for the gout and rheumatism — that of emit-
ting a poisonous exhalation when its blossoms
are opening. The touch of the flowers then
imparts to the skin a yellowish green hue, de-
scribed by M. Isidore Pierre, of the French
Academy of Sciences, as being like that which
"characterizes the human body in the early
stages of decomposition." The effect passes
off in a few seconds, but continued handling of
the flowers in this stage induces numbness in
the hand for some hours.
Professor Young, of Darmouth college who
was one of the observers of the transit of Venus,
will return home by way of Egypt and India.
He and Professor Watson, of Michigan Univer-
sity, intend to make meteorlogical and astro-
nomical observations in those countries. Pro-
fessor Davidson, of tin's city, it will also be
recollected will return by way of India, for the
purpose of making scientific observations in
that interesting portion of the East.
Science Proving its Fruits. — Professor
Tyudull's experiments on sound are already
bearing fruit. The French government has ap-
pointed a commission to conduct experiments
upon a steam organ — the Calliope — heard 15
leagues in fine weather at sea. These new ex-
periments are to be made during the period of
the equiooctial gales.
Irregularity in the Earth's Kotation. —
Professor Newcomb, of the Naval Observatory,
Washington, asserts that the time of the earth's
rotation on its axis is not strictly uniform.
For twenty years prior to 1860 the rotation was
slightly slower than the average. Since 1860 it
has been accelerated.
Spontaneous Combustion.— In a paper on
the spontaneous combustion of hay, H. Kanke
says that in consequence of a prolonged fer-
mentation, hay can be transformed into a true
coal, which, when exposed to the air at some-
what elevated temperatures, acts as a pyro-
phoius.
An encouraging feature of the times is the
increase in the number of scientific lectures,
and the advance made in scientific literature.
Proeessor W. D. Whitney has been elected
an 'honorary member of the London Philologi-
cal Society.
36
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 16, 1875*
Mining Stocks.
While there has been considerable excite-
ment in the Btock market during the past week
prices have declined very materially. The
cloudy and rainy weather seems to have had a
depressing effect, though the contrary should
he the case. The "little piece of porphyry "
struck in Ophir has had the effect of tumbling
that stock down and bringing others with it.
The decline is not considered permanent, and
most people think it is not yet time for the big
break. The letter from California dated the
10th says:
On the 1400-foot level, 200 feet north of the
southern boundary, cross-cut No. 1 ia now in
203 feet, and has penetrated the ore vein a dis-
tance of 25 feet. The ore vein as crossed va-
ries very much in value, assaying from $52.80
to $300 per ton. The face of the drift to-day
does not look as favorable as it did yesterday.
Judging from the cross-outs on the level bulow,
the vein on this level must be of great width.
On the 1500-foot level east cross-cut No. 3 has
been extended the past week 10 feet, and is
now in 98 feet. The ore is identical in appear-
ance and value with that found in cross-cut No.
1 on the southern boundary. Oross-cut No. 2,
100 feet from the southern boundary, is now in
78 feet, and has not as yet reached the ore
body. The rock passed through is v^ry hard.
Cross-cut No. 1 on the southern boundary is
now in 230 feet. The ore passed through the
past week and now in the face of the drift is of
a very high grade.
A dispatch three days later than the letter
states that the rich ore improves in the face
and all signs of the wall have disappeared.
The ore is now 314 feet broad. The new shaft
is 1040 feet eaBt of the old one. One-third of
this distance is already covered by the ascer-
tained breadth of the ore, and the same trend
of the vein may carry the No. 1 oross-cut quite
to the new shaft, which will then not be far
enough east.
The Lady Bryan trustees have caught the ' 'in-
crease of capital stock" fever. They propose
with the consent of the stockholders, to in-
crease from $50,000 to $300,000-six for one.
The Iowa mining company also propose to
increase the capital stock from $3,000,000 to
$9,000,000 in 90,000 shares.
The dividends declared this month are as
follows: Beloher, $3 per share, or $312,000;
Crown Point, $2 per share, $200,000; Consoli-
dated Virginia, $3 per share, $324,000; Eureka
Consolidated, 50 cents per share, $25,000; Rve
Patch Consolidated, 25 cents per share, $7,500.
This makes a total of $868,500.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Heling'nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business,
American Flat M Co Washoe
Andes SMOo Washoe
Arizona & Utah M Co AVaahoe
Arizona SM Co' Unionville Nevada
Baltimore Cons M Co Washoe
Bellevne M 0" Placer Co Cal
Bowery Oona M Co Ely District
Caledonia S M Co Washoe
Chariot Mill A M Co San Diego Co
Daney M Co Washoe
Empire Mill & M Co Washoe
Florida S M Co Washoe
Globe OobsM Oo Washoe
Globe M Co Washoe
Golden Chariot M Co Idaho
Hale 4 Norcrcns S M Co Washoe
Imperial S M Co Washoe
Indus G & S M Co Washoe
Iowa M Oo Washoe
Justice M Co Washoe
Kentuck M Co W ashoe
Knickerbocker M Co Washoe
Lady Washington M Co Washoe
Mahogany UiSMCo Idaho
Mint G & S M Co Washoe
New York Cons M Co Washoe
Original Gold Hill G&SM Co U'ashoi
1 00
fiO
75
I 00
1 00
50
20
3 00
50
75
1 SO.
SCO
I 00
5 00
1 00
1 50
Overman S M Co
Page Tunnel Co
Pioche S M Co
Pioche West Ex M Co
Red Jacket M Co
Savage M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Silver Cord M Co
South Chariot M Co
Thrift G A S M Co
Tyler M Co
Utah S M Co
Washington & Creole M Co
Yellow JaoketSMC*
Washoe
Utah
Ely District
Ely District
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Idaho
Calaveras Co Cal
Washoe
Washoe
300
1 00
1 00
Dec 7
Deo 7
Deo 10
Nov 30
Dec 5
Dec 10
Deo 15
Jan 8
Dec 24
Jan 12
Dec 28
Jan 8
Dec 10
Deo 10
Jan 4
Jan 8
Nov 26
Dec 30
Jan 13
Jan 12
Dec 3
D c28
Deo 17
Jan 5
Nov 17
Dec 5
Dec 12
Dec 1
Dec 12
Dec 11
Dec 28
Nov 28
Dec 5
Dec 1
Jan 2
Jan 9
Nov :'4
Nov 19
Nov 25
Dec 8
Deo 10
Jan 9
Jan 11
Jan 14
Jang
Jan 8
Jan 14
Jan 25
Feb 12
Jan 23
Feb 16
.Tii ii 29
Feb 10
Jan 14
Jan 14
Feb 8
Feb 11
Dec 29
Jan 30
Feb IS
Feb 12
Jan 5
Jan 30
Jan 21
Feb 11
Deo 22
Jan fi
Jan 14
Jan 5
Jan 20
Jan 21 '
Feb 3
Jan 5
Jan 1
Jnn 5
Feb 5
Feb 16
Dec 26
Jan 21
Dec 30
Jan II
Jan 13
Jan 27
Feb 1
Feb 2
Jan 29
Jan 29
Feb 4
Feb 28
Mar 5
Feb 13
Mar 9
Feb 18
Mar 2
Feb 2
Feb 2
Fpb2S
Mar 5
Jan 19
Feb 18
MarlO
Mar 2
Jan 28
Feb 19
Feb 8
Mar 4
Jan IS
Jan 25
Feb L
Jan2f>
Feb 20
Feb IB
Feb 25
Jan 28
Jan 27
Jan 26
Feh2fi
Mar 9
Jan 16
Feb 12
Jan 20
Feb 4
Feb 13
O A Sankey
M Landers
J Maguire
Win Willis
D T Bagley
D F Vevdenal
OE Elliott
R Wegener
F Swift
G R Spinney
W E Dean
L Hermann
J Ma -'u i re
J Maguire
L Kaplan
J F Lishtner
W E Dean
D Wilder
A D Carpenter
J S Kennedy
F Swift
H Boyle
ll C Kibbe
C B Hlggins
D A Je mugs
H C Kibbe
W M Helman 1
G D Edwards
JHaidy
O E Elliott
T L Kimball
Wm Willis
E B Holmes
GD Edwards
Frank Swift
O H Bogart
H R West
O D Squire
W E Dein
F D Olesrv
G W Hopkina
331 Montgomery at
507 Montgomery 8t
419 C hforaia st
419 California st
401 California st
409 California at
419 California st
414 California at
419 California st
320 California st
419 Oa ifornia Bt
1 1 Pine st
419 California st
419 California s!
Merchants' Ex
433 California st
419 California st
Mtrchan's* Ex
6li5 Clay at
Merchants' Ex
419 California st
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
402 Montgomery st
401 Calilorniast
419 California st
'ireman's Fund Bldg
414 California st
418 Oalifornia st
419 California st
409 California st
419 Oalifornia st
419 California st
414 California st
419 California st
■102 Montgomery fit
210 MontKomery Bt
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
Gold Hill
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Baltic Cons M Co
Calaveras Hydrauhc M Co
Combination G & S M Co
Con Reforma L & S M Oo
Edith Quicksilver M Oo
Enterp iBe Oons M Co
Equitable Tunnel M Co
Florence M Oo
■420" M Co
Washoe
Cal
Panamint
Lower Cal
Cal
Oal
Utah
Humboldt Co Oal
Washoe
San Diego county yielded $193 000 in gold
bullion in 1874. There are now 60 Btampa at
work in Julian and Banner districts, and the
yield for 1875 will be much larger.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Thubsdat, January 7.
mobning session.
920 Ophir 31C@315
100 ....b 10 325
3355 Mexican 68@li
1780 G&O 56^60
1745 Best A Bel 67@12
l'fl ....blO 70(al74
260 Savage. 18&£®190
2K5 Chollar tJ6@90
26U H 4N 65>$f~-
445 Crown Pt 45f
275 Jacket 147(5.
10 ....b 30 153
1205 Imperial 17u$1S
645 Empire 14@15
ISjO UonG Hill 6&
240 Kentuck 22J£@24
1005 Belcher 55@57
100 Am Flag .miH
3190 Andes 14@10»
1225 Belmont 14913M
500 Caledonia 30;d 33
210 Eureka Con. ...14^@l3^
fift Exoheq 4AI0@395
3210 Kossuth 5@5«
225 Justice 120ia)Hu
2515 Julia 19.S16
1820 Lady Wash m\
2300 Lady Bryan ?>s(g)~-
3664 Leo 8M.L
b25 Confidence..' 45fta46
205 Con Vir 643@70D
10 ....b5 S60
1785 SierraN 2S@27M
690 Daney 2Ji@8Ji
250 California 72U@790
790 ,...b30
10 Excheq.
705 Overman
115 Justice 115(05120
355 Succor 1C"
2170 Lxdy Bryan
97ft Julia 18(c
350 Caledonia 29.!*
545 Knickerbocker eS56Ji
420 Globe l'sW'H-i
1140 BaltOon WKpoS
720 Alpha 4U(ri>43
195 Meadow Val 6'.t:a:K
160 Pioche 4
415 Ray A; Ely 25
520 Rye Patch 4@3r
110 Seg Bel 14001.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
This Week.
Thobsdat, January 14.
mobning session.
1140 Ophir 165@183
20 ....b 30 192
8090 Mexican Gz!@58
200 ,...b 5 54@M
605 Gould & Curry 55W57
i'.'fiO Best <fc Belcher 61@ft3
400 Savage 147@151
56 ....b 30 155
425 Chollar. 86@75
170 Hale &Norcross...52<*56
705 Crown Point 44@4S
20 ....b 5 U&
70 ....h30 4ft>£®4fi
230 Yellow Jacket. ..135@140
Gold MtGMCo Holcomb Valley t'al
Gold Run M Co Nevada Oo Oal
Golden Rule S M Co Utah
Hayes G4SMfio Robinson Hist
Illinois Central M Co Idaho
Independence Cons M Co t:al
Juniata i ^ns S M Co Aurora Nev
Kennedy M Co Amador Co Cal
Kevsione No 1 & 2 M Oo Arizona
Lake Tahoe & S F Water Works Cal
Martin <fc Walling M 4 M Co „ Cal
New York M Oo Washoe
Vorth Blooinfield Gravel M Co Cal
North Fork M Co Plumas Co Cal
Oneida m Co Amador Co Oal
Pinto M Co White Pine
Rattlesnake Quioksilver M Co Cal
South Fork M 4 Canul Oo i-al
Star Ki"g S M Co Elko Co Nevada
Wells, Fargo & Co M Co Washoe
Wyoming G M Co Oat
Yarborongh S M Oo
Kern Co Cal fi
15
Nov 18
Deo 23
Jan 20
B Burris
5
Dec 7
Jan 9
Jan 25
A Shear
111
Dec 28
Feb 1
Feb 23
D Wilder
Ml
Dec 24
Jan 30
Feb 20
A D Carpenter
'20
Dec 23
F-b 3
Feb 23
W Stuart
12HDec 26
Feb 6
Mar 3
F J Hermann
25
.Ian 12
Feb 17
Mar 9
C S Healy
HI
Deo 5
Jan 8
Feb 3
I E Delavau
1 (111
Feb 2
Feb 20
E F Stone
50
Nov 19
Doc29
Jan 23
J P Cav/illier
fll
Dec 7
Jan 11
Feb 3
C C Palmer
5
Dec 8
Jan 15
Feb 15
K Wet-ihenner
il'l
Jan 4
Feb 12
Mar 8
G K Spinney
3(1
Deo 24
Jan 30
Feb 23
R H Brown
10
Jan 9
Feb 17
Mar 10
1 (HI
Declfi
Jan 21
Feb 10
C S Neul
1 (ill
Dec Ifi
Jan 20
Feb 10
A Wisael
1 III)
Dec 12
Jan (2
Febl
WRTownsend
25
Nov 18
Dec 23
Jan 18
E Ohattin
50
Jan 8
Jan 23
J W Tripp
H O Kibbe
50
Jan 6
Jan 25
1 ni>
Jan 4
Jan 2ft
I Derby
75
Jan 4
Jan 19
A Martin
I no
Dec 11
Jnn lfi
Feb 3
L Kaplan
A K Durbrow
to
Jan 9
Fob 15
Mar 8
1 25
Dec 24
Jan 28
Feb 19
A Baird
5
Dec 7
Jan 10
Febl
H Knapp
L Kaplan
Wi
Dec 4
Jan 8
Jan 2ft
Deo 21
Jan 30
Feb 18
A O Tat lor
51)
Feb 13
Marl
W J Gunn
30
Dec 23
Jan 30
Feb 23
E Barry
507 Montgomery st
321 Batter st
Merchants' Ex
605 Clay Bt
113 Liedesdorn st
418 Kcarnv st
Merchants' Ex
220 Mont ornery st
419 California st
513 California st
41 Market st
530 Clay st
320 California st
402 Montgomery st
'418 Kearny Bt
419 Oalifornia st
210 California st
330 Pine st
808 Montgomery Bt
40S California st
419 California st
320 Oalifornia Bt
520 Washington st
Merchants' Ex
43? California st
316 California st
306 Montg mery et
M»m chants' Ex
331 Montgomery Bt
410 MontKomery st
415 Montgomery Bt
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Belcher M Co
Buckeye G & S M Co
California M Co
California M Co
Consoliriated Virginia
(Jould 4 Curry S M Co
Iowa M Oo
Kossuth M Oo
Ladv Bryan M Co
Pattern M Oo
Pioche We«t Ex M Co
Raymond & EU M Oo
Saw Pit Flat Cons M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Succor M 4 M Co
Union Oons M Oo
Location.
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Ely District
Ely Dist iot
Cal
Nevada
Washoe
Washoe
Secretary.
H C Kibbe
Called by Trustes
Called by Trustees
D T BagU-y
Called by Trustees
Called bv Trustees
Called by Trustees
E F St ne
Called by Trustees
L Hermann
T L Kimball
T W Colburn
J W Clark
R Wegener
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
Office in S- F.
419 Oalifornia st
331 Montgomery st
401 California st
401 California st
401 California *t
438 California st
605 Clay st
419 California st
419 Califo- nia Bt
330 Pine st
409 Calilorniast
418 California st
418 Oaliforniii st
414Culifornin st
302 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
meeting-.
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Special
Special
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Special
Date,
Jan 26
Jan 20
Jan2li
Jan 20
Jan 26
Jan 25
Feb 16
Jan 18
Feb 11
Jan 28
Jan 22
Jan 26
Feb 10
Jnn 20
Jan 30
Jan 23
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Belcher M- Oo.
Chariot MiMCo. .
Consolidated Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co. ^
Eureka Consolidated M L.0
Rye Patch M Co
Location. Secretary.
Washoe.
Cal
Washoe
Washoe
Nev
Nevada
H O. Kibbe,
Frflnk Swift
D T Bauley
O E Elliott
N. C. Fa-oet.
W WTraylor
D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
|419 California st
4i9 Calilorniast
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 Oalifornia Bt
^409 California st
3 00
2 00
1 00
60
Payable.
Jan 11
Nov 16
Jan 11
Jan 12
Jan . 25
Jan 5
Jan 9
..b5..
140
705 Ray & Ely.. ....
540 Eur Con 14M@l4Js
200 W Creole *6
170 Am Flag 1®AM
300 Pioche 35*
1325 Belmont 13^14
2i5 Independence 2
85 Chariot Mill 3
340 Golden Chariot.... 2^@3
100 IdaEUmore
125 Mahogany....
1020 Newark %@l
55n M Belmont 2@'&j
780 Eldo South ZX@&(
50 Uherry Creek 2
fc300 SOhariot ,....-l}£
650 Bullion'. 47@48
590 Utah 93*^)10
65 Bacon
510 SHill l-„-
115 Eolipse UH@n%i
170 Trenoh m '! '■'..
705 Oballensre U gfij I '
233> Dayton &tiC"
1775 Rock Is 9MS
1740 Imperial 18}<S@19
50 ,...b 5 S3*
410 Empire I3@13?i
151 Kentuck 19ftfll9^
995 Alpha 28^31
85 Ecfii'se ll@12
595 Belcher 50M(a51
50 ....b 5 61
330 Confidence 40@4?
450 Con Virginia 670[g)595
330 SierraNevada....l91$@20
350 Daney 2M@2?4
187 California 56o@599
b 30 ... 590
260 Overman 73®80
155 Justice 130@135
100 Succor 4
95 Union 72K@75
570 Lady Bryan 8@9i$
200 Julia 78@9
2*0 Globe m@lM
235 Caledonia 2%24
90 Bullion 35@36
lf-5 Utah §5)1
180 Silver Hill 10@lok
70 Challenge II
570 Dayton 4*6
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1900 Meadow Valley 7j2S
1045 Kaymond 4 Ely 33^*3^
770 Eureka Consolidated. .15
50 Pioche t&
220 WHSh&Creole l@l>g
520 American Fl8g..2K@3].£
3005 Belmont I0@U
465 Newark MM>i
970 Rye Patch 3>^®3!^
170 Eldorado South 2
200 Eldorado North 50o
230 Chariot Mill...- .Ay&C
Ifli' Ida Elmore
55 Mahogany .
100 Empire 1
165 Bock Island 5J£@6
400 Pictou .75c
170 New Torh 5@5W
1785 Occidental 5S@6
110 American Flat...7W@7k
750 .-enator l$J<a2
2435 Phil Sheridan... .2}4@2&
535 Woodville 3J4®3^
20 Mmt \
420 Lady Washington2 &f@3
985 Kossuth 4Ji945i
650 Sen Rock Island 13£
175 Andes Il@llj8
300 Puclflo „.'|Q
150 Niagara - t
600 Ward 4%
65 Scorpion 40H>4
760 Cosmopolitan lJ£@l:Hi
2260 Leviathan 2>5@2?i;
1500 Georgia lj|
New Incorporations.
:*K
The following companies have filed certificates of in-
corporation in the County Clerk's Office, San Francisco.
Original Floweby M. Co., Jam. 7.— Location:
Flowery district. State of Nevada. Capital stock,
$5 000,000, in 60,000 shares. Directors— R. N. waves,
O. H Bogart, Thos. R. Hayes, R. O. Dyer and D. L.
McDonald. , _ _. „
Allen Consolidated M. Co., Jan. 7.— Location:
Storey county, Nevada. Capital stock, S2.500.000 in
50 000 Bhares. Directors— Jas. A. Pritchard. F. Vassault,
Geo. M. Pinney, Joseph Clark and T. J. Owens.
Jacob Little Consolidated M Co.. Jan. 7.— Loca-
tion-Storey county, Nevada. Capital stock, $10,000,000.
Jas. A. Pritchard, Louis A. Booth, Martin White, Aaron
M. Burns and Wm. M. Pierson.
Silver Central Consolidated M. Co., Jan. 7 .- Lo-
cation- Devil's Gate and Chinatown mining districts,
Lyon county. Nevada. Capital Stock. $10,000,000.
Directors— George Atkinson, A. B. Forbes, Jas. Duffy,
Oliver Eldridge and Adolphus Waitz.
Alhambra Quicksilver M. Co., Jan. 9.— Location:
Sonomacounty. Capital stock, $5,000,000. Directors-
Fred Clay, O. D. Morrison, John Sroufe, S. Schreiber
and R. Von Pfister. . .
Columbia S. M. Co., Jan. 10.— Location: Virginia
district, Nevada. Capital stock, $10,000,000, in shares
of $100 each. Directors— Thos. B. Lewis, John Skae,
L Goodwin, R. H. Graves and P. J- Kennedy.
Humboldt Mill and Minlng Co .Jan. 10.— Location:
State of Nevada. Capital stock, S6,000,u0». Directors-
George Q. Barry, Hill Beachy, J. Guiaca, R. H. Brown
and D Hardy. , „. ,
Calltobnia Linen Co., Jan. 11.— Object, to purchase,
sell lease and rent real estate; to erect building there-
on; tu purchase and sell patent rights; to manufacture
goods from ramie, flax, cotton, wool and silk; to erect
proper machinery, etc. Capital stock, $1,000,000.
Directors— Henry F. Williams, Wm. W. Hanscom,
Charles E. Barnes, W. K. Doherty, George Bower and
D. McLaren. -=» , m
Bonanza M. Co., Jan. 12.— Location: Utah Territory.
Capital stock, 510,000,000. Directors— P. B. Horton, O.
P. Hurley, John M. Johnston, D. C. McGlynn and
Jacob O. Johnston.
The following named company has filed a certificate
of incorporation in the office of the County Clerk of
Alameda County.
Cabtbo Coal M. Co.— Location: Contra Costa and
Alameda counties. Capital Btock, $1,000,000. Directors-*
James Simpson. Jr., Patricio OaEtro, James A. Quinlan,
J. R. Bent and L. P. Larue,
Eagle Mining district in San Benito county
has been formed, with the following boundaries :
Beginning at Grogan's ranch, od the Tres
Pinos, and running thence northerly to the
Santa Ana grant; thence easterly to the Los
Aeuiles, and continuing southerly on said grant
to and connecting with the north line of Fresno
county; thence in a southerly direction to the
intersection of San Benito creek; thence down
said creek to the place of beginning.
Ditch Enterprise. — The Mountain Messenger
states that a company of cnpitalistswill, as soon
as the weather will warrant, commence the con-
struction of a large ditch to convey water, for
mining, from the lakes in the vicinity of Gold
lake to the northern portion of the Sierra
county. It will be a canal rather than a ditch,
and capable of carrying at least 20,000 inches
of water. The ditch will probably be 25 or 30
miles long, and will furnish a full head of
water the year round.
• ; "^
Stjteo Tunnel. — The report of the Sutro
tunnel for the month of December is as follows:
Total number of feet made during the month,
417. Total length ot tunnel at the beginning
of the present month, 8,420 feet. Distance
from header, 8,076 feet. Number of feet made
at shaft number 2,341. The explosion of giant
powder in the tunnel interfered somewhat with
the progress of work, and reduced the number
of working days in December to twenty-eight
and a half.
A. letter from Panamint says that Jones,
Stewart & Co. recently purchased the Ophir
mine for $21,000, and are after the Suniise,
valued at $12,00(1.
The mining laws of Reese River district have
been changed so as to conform to the United
States law of May 10th, 1872.
Railroad Items.
Few people outside of the State have anyi
idea of the numerous railroads proposed and
being built in California. Several narrow gauges
roads are already in operation for short dis-
tances, and there is but little doubt that within:
the next few years railroads will be built in al*
most every part of the State where one is
needed. In another column will be found an
account of the opening of the largest narrow
gauge road in Ihis State, that of the North Pa-i
cine Coast, 51 miles of which has been com-i
pitted. We append following items concern-
ing railroad matters on this ccast:
Mr. Thomas Flint, od6 of the parties inter-i
ested in the Hollistt-r N. G. railroad, is jni
town, says the Sauta Cruz Sentinel, and speaks
very favorably as to the feasibility of building,
the Hollister road. On the .preliminary sur-i
vey, the heaviest grade was but 90 feet pe»
mile, and none of the others over 50 feet. Hd
is quite sanguine the road will be completed!
within a year. They have a meeting nexb
Monday to perfect their organization and se-
cure the requisite amount of stock to enable!
them to proceed. Some $30,000 has already
been subscribed, and it only requires $34,00(1
to secure an act of incorporation.
Nearly the whole amount required to b*
raised for the Sonoma and Marin railroad, ruj i
the Petal unia Argus has been subscribed. Tht
amounts agreed upon for the several localities
especially interested are as follows: Petaluma
$200,000; San Rafael, $50,000; along the route
$50,000; total, $300,000. A considerable por.
tion of the amounts outside of Petaluma hav*
been subscribed, and no doubt is it-It that th
balance will be forthcoming soon. It is the iin
tion of the Board of Directors to employ ai
engineer immediately and commence the suit
vey.
A company has been incorporated in Sal.
Lake City to build a broad gauge railroad frop
the terminus of the Utah Southern road, sev-
enty-five miles southeast of Salt Lake, to tho
navigable waters of the Colorado river, am
will commence work immediately on the conn
pletion of the Utah Southern, ot which abon
sixty miles are completed, and the iron is beinp
laid on the remainder at the rate of about hal
a mile per day.
Speaking of the San Lorenzo railroad, thl
SanU Cruz Sentinel says: Mr. Silent, the enei
gftic President of this company, has a force (
twelve men clearing the way for this road, ant
if the weather is propitious, will have a fore <
160 men at work this week, grading and fillinp
The road will run on the north side of the Sffi
Lorenzo river, between it and the pike, an
will be pushed to completion as rapidly as oil)
umstances will permit.
Lucien B Healey, the surveyor, has abou
compleied the survey of fhe San Lorena
flume aud railroad. The former is about font
teeu miles in length; the latter about eigb
miles. It is expected that both be will coruplettt
aud in operation by the first of May next. Th
saw mill of the company is about ready 1
turn out the new lumber for the flume.
The Los Angeles Herald states that theproii
pects of the Los Angeles and Pacific lai
road project becoming something tangible
grow brighter day bv day. The Centine!
Land company, through whose lands theroK
will run fn>m the point of leaving the water i
the city boundary, are taking active interest i
ihe road, and will contribute largely to its co)
struction.
The following is from the Carson (Nevadt
Tribune: Yerington, Bliss & Co. intend rui
ning a narrow gauge railroad from their mil
on Lake Tahoe to their discharging point, oi
mile this side of Spodher's slatioD. Mr. Bli
has purchased two locomotives and eight mill
of steel rails, which will be immediately shippi
from Pensylvania.
In round numbers the earnings of the St
Rafael and San Quentin railroad during tt
past vear amounted to $19,400, and the di
burseiuent, $19,000. The bonded debt
$40,000, interest all paid up; floating deb
$2,600.
It is reported that the Southern Pacific ro
road company intend to build a parallel roi
from Los Angeles to Panamint with that of .tl1
Los Angeles and Independence road, whit
passes Panamint, and in which Senator Joni
is largely interested.
Work is going on briskly on the narro
gauge railroad between Pescadero and Pi gee-
Point. When completed this railroad w
form a link to the great chain which will
the early futute, connect San Francisco wii
San Diego.
Work has been commenced at the S,
Francisco side of the narrow gauge railway
Burlinghame. Grading is going on brisks
and a large number of men are employed.
Monterey Coal. — Speaking of the probal
extent of the coal mines recently discover
near Monterey, the Herald says: "The first d
covery of coal was made about seven miles sot
of here. Between these two mines, most if i
all the other discoveries have been mad
whioh leads to the opinion that the bed v
prove to be at lesst seven miles in extent
enough to make rich every inhabitant of Mi
terey."
January 16, 1875,]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
37
[iNING j|UMMARY.
nTa5 '°"fw'"ai1 '" raoatly comli-nsed from journals pub-
lished id tU» mUirior.in proximity to tbe minea mentioned.
California.
AMADOR COUNTY.
Down's Gravel Claim. — Amador Ledger,
Jan. 9: On Saturday last we visited the olaim
of H C. Downs & Co., located oti the grave]
ran^e lying between Jackson and Sutter creek.
It will require considerable labor and money to
place the oliim in thorough working order, but
th'i company have before them an inimeusn
gravel deposit which will require years to ex-
haust. With the fall (over 20U0 feet) aided by
the Little Giant, a vast amount of gravel can
be run off daily through the sluices. As work
advances into the hill, the depth of gravel
rapidly increases, and before the crest is reached
a face of gravel of over 200 feet will be pre-
eented, all of which, from the top to the bed-
rock, contains gold.
Thk Volunteer Quartz Mine.— We are in-
formed that a rich strike was made iu the Vol-
unteer mino, near this place, on Tuehday last.
The yield of the rock taken out on that day is
estimated by good judges to be not Ieus thau
$1,000. The rock takt-n from this mine L?ls
paid well from the surface, and iucreases in
quality and richness as the shaft is snnk. ,
Looking Well. — We learn from Plymouth
that the miuing prospeots of the neighborhood
look very flattering.
Thk Phoenix mine presents a prosperous ap-
pearance of ore developed of a high grade.
Thk Alpine never looked more promising
than at preBeut. The maiu shaft is now down
1700 feet with a ledge of pay rook ten feet in
thickness between well dctiued walls. The
•quality of the rock improves as greater depths
are reached.
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
Scarcity of Water.— Calaveras Chronicle,
Jan. 9: The long continued drouth, together
with the cold weather in the mountains, is
beginning to tell on the supply of water in the
ditch. There is scarcely enough* to meet* the
demand at present, and indications of an in-
crease in the, near future are not favorable.
There is no use in talking; we imbt have
rain.
Sinking Completed.— The sinking of the
shaft in the Gwin mine, a hundred ft from the
900-it level, is complete*!. The work of run-
ning the 1000-ft level, for the purpose of strik-
ing the north bonanza, will be immediately
commenced. Meanwhile the batteries are
steadily employed crushiug ore from tie levelB
above, and everythiug connect d with the
mine is in an eminently satisfactory condition.
Up Country Gleanings.— Citizen, Jan. 9: At
Mosquito, the olaim owned by Skinner and
Lalranchi is being tested by a shaft sinking
from the tunnel. The tunnel is run on the
vein for a distanoe of 500 ft and rock above
stoped out. The average of ore crushed from
the mine has been about $48 per ton, wuile we
are informed that refuse rock has paid from $8
to $10 per ton.
Miscellaneous ore is being hauled from the
Josephine to Harris' custom mill for crush-
ing.
Wobk was re-commenced on the Champion
last week, the rock looking as well as that re-
cently crushed.
Gouldson & Hurbebt had a crushing from
the lode lately discovered by them; and were
well satisfied with the result. They are still
taking out rock.
The new mill on the Enterprise was started
last Wednesday.
Henry <fc Son having purchased the Thoss
mill have repaired it and will commence run-
ning in a few days.
The Zacatera has paid off a portion of its
debt, and will shortly pay the Dalance.
EC DORADO COUNTY
An Inmenbe Strike. — Mountain Democrat,
Jan. 9: Information reaches us from George-
town that in the Woodside mine a five foot
ledge has been developed, and our informant,
possibly with more force than elegance, assures
us' that "the quartz is perfectly lousy with
gold."
Georgetown Items,— The mining interests
of this Bection of the -county are looking up.
The Cedarberg company (which I believe is
the only one in our county), are drilling holes
at a rate that Would astonish any one not con-
versant with the working of the same, and is a
decided success.
The International mine, Colonel Belty,
superintendent, has developed a large ledge of
ore filled with sulphurets, the rock assaying as
high as $1,300 per ton.
The Taylor mine is at present crushing ore
at the rate of fifteen tons per day, and under
the management of Mr. Walter Schmidt will
prove a success.
The Garden Valley Co. have commenced op-
Jerations of a permanent nature. This mine is
flTJan extension of the Taylor mine, and from
^1 present indications will prove a success.
;^LAKE COUNTY.
_ Mining Items.— Lake County Bee: Ledges of
silver bearing rock have been discovered iu the
vicinity of Highland Springs and in Scott's
valley.
A well-defined ledge of gold-bearing quartz
has been discovered on the ridge that divides
the waters of Russian river and Clear lake.
MENDOCINO COUNTY
Mininq District. — Mendocino Democrat,
Jan. 9: The miners hereabout met last Thurs-
day and orgauized the Ukiah mining district,
electing S. Wurteuburg, Recorder. Tbe TJ. 8.
general mining laws were adopted; twenty day*
to record, a claim 1500 feet on the ledge, 300
eitoh side. The distriot starts from Sanel
district on the south, and runs up to neigbor-
hood of Little lake.
The miners of our Ukiah silver mine are pre-
paring to s nd a ton of their ore to the city
for reduction, as a test of the working capacity
of their mine. Assavs are made from small
specimens of ore, and are, consequently, often
deceptive; but it is believed that a ton of the
ore will give a reliable knowledge of the rich-
ness of the mine.
NAPA COUNTY.
New Discovery'. — St. Helena Star, Jan. 7:
Dr. Michel and J. J. Dickinson have struck a
three-foot copper ledge on their chrome irou
claim, in Mowe canyon. It is very rich ore,
and we should judge will go over fifty per cent.
Anyone who may wish to see a specimen, can
do so by calling at Dickinson's store.
Lively Quicksilver Troubles. — Napa lie-'
porter Jan. 9: Iu the Fifteenth District Court on
Thursday, a week ago, the Mammoth Consol-
idated quicksilver oompany coinmenoed suit
against the London quicksilver mining com-
pany, to recover 15,000 feet of ground of the
Mammoth Irdge situated in Lake county. Suit
was also brought by Isaac Frank and others
against W. W. Cook and Aaron Cook, to re-
cover 13 20ths, or 3,000 feet of the Oriental
quicksilver mining ground in Lake county.
The Mammoth Consolidated quicksilver min-
ing company aUo brought suit against the Lake
Cuuuty quicksilver mining company, to recov-
er possession of 4,000 feet in length by 1,000
feetin width of the Mammoth location. The
Mt. St. Helena quicksilver company also com-
menced suit against the American quicksilver
company to recover 2,700 feet of the Dead
Broke, or Mt. St. Helena company's ground in
Lake county.
NEVADA COUNTY.
Old Block Mine. — Gra?« Valley Union,
Jan. 4: John Trenberth and others are working
on the "Old Block" mine, which is located
somewhere in the neighborhood of Grass Val-
ley slide. Trenberth says they are putting
down a shaft, and they are preparing to put
in a "ninety." A "ninety" is a big Bteam en-
gine, we believe.
Omaha Mine.— Work on the Omaha is still
being prosecuted with vigor, and the mine con-
tinues to show well in good milling ore. The
ledge is now nearly four, feet in thickuess and
free gold can be seen in satisfactory quantities
all through the quartz.
New Tunnel. — Transcript, Jan. 1: The
South Yuba canal company, are running a tun-
nel about 1,200 feet long under the bill beyond
the Manzunita mine, for the purpose of con-
veying the water of the Snow Mountain ditch
through it to the town and adjacent mines.
The work was considered necessary, from the
fact that the Manzanita company have washed
away the hill nearly up to where the present
ditch runs, and there is a liability of there
being a cave which will carry away the ditch
at any time, and shut off, not only the mine,
but the town from water. The tunnel is eight
feet wide and six feet high. Men are at work
on both ends, and they have about 650 feet
completed. The work was commenced in Oc-
tober, and will be completed in about two
months more. It is under the supervision of
John W. Hart, who is doing a first-class job.
The North Bloomfield mining company are
at work piping and using their long tunuel
for a flume. We understand it works to a
charm and it is thought it has capacity enough
to run off '11 the dirt they have water to wash.
The Union gravel mining company have
completed their tunnel at Kennebec hill, and
are taking out gold in large quantities.
Rich Strike. — We understand very rich
rock has b<-en struck in the Home mine, sit-
uated on Deer creek about two miles below
town, just in front of the Wyoming mine. The
ledge is owned by the Hon. Thomas Findley.
Machinery and hoisting works were erected on
it several years ago, and work done on if, but for
some cau>e it was shut down. Recently work
was again commenced and we learn very rich
rock has been struck. We are pleased to hear
of any rich strikes and are none the less glad
because Thomas Findley is the owner.
PLUMAS COUNTY.
Dutch Hill. — Plumas National, Jan. 2; The
water was turned into the North Fork com-
pany's big pipe one day last week. Only fifty
inches was started, and it seems that the work-
men expected several bursts, as such a length
of pipe is certain to have weak places it it. It
had only bursted twice, at last accounts, and
the managers were sanguine of tbe most com-
plete success. It is thought best to wait for
the freezing weather to end before turning in
the water again.
SAN MATEO COUNTY.
Coal.— San Mateo Times, Jan. 9: Prof.
Heroch, the mining expert, in company with
J. C. Maynard visited the tunnel on the San
Mateo and H df Moon Bay toll-road on Wed-
nesday, and made an examination of the coal
measures wuich Mr. Maynard has been pros-
pecting. The indications are said to be ex-
tremely favorable, so much so that arrange-
ments will shortly be made to prospect the
measure by means of boring. The principal
obstacle hitherto has been water, iu itself a
favorable indication, and this will be avoided
by boring.
SIERRA COUNTY
Struck it liicn. — Mountain Messenger, Jan.
9: The boys at Bunker hill, Little Grizzly,
have at last ruu through the "big rock, " and
sunk down 17 feet into a fine bed of blue gravel,
said to be very rich.
The Sierra Buttes and Independence mines
are as prolific as ever of the yellow ore, and
the numerous ledges around the town prom-
ise a rich strike any day. All in all this min-
ing district is one of the most promising in the
county.
Fohest City was never better. The two
prospecting tunnels are being run, the North
and South fork have made good headway re-
cently, "and every prospect pi. 'aces."
The Empire mining claim at Howland Fat,
is paying finely, sayH report.
Miners are beginning to find fault with the
fine weather on account of the scarcity of
water it foreshadows.
Negotiations are in progress for the sale of
the American company's claims at Morristown.
It is one of the best mines in the county.
Scales Diggings. — The miners are busy at
work running powder drifts and tunnels.
Water for hydraulic purposes has long since
ceased, and from all appearances it will be a
long time before there will be any more. Own-
ers of mines say naught, but like the Dutch-
man's boy, think considerably.
TRINITY COUNTY.
Important Transaction. — Trinity Journal,
Jan. 9: The Bullychoop quartz mine is bonded
to a San Francisco company for $60,000. Of
this amount $10,000 is to be paid before any
work is done on the ledge. The company is to
erect a mill and other works, which, if the
property is not satisfactory, can be turned
over to the original company. A wag on road
is to be built to the mine next spring.
TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
The Marks and Darbow. — This mine, situa-
ted between the Raw Hide and Patterson, is to
be developed as fast as possible. Work has al-
ready commenced, and the Superintendent, G.
P. Fisher, is confident of its proving one of the
best mines in the county. A main working-
shaft will be put down to strike the vein 50 feet
below the surface at the shaft. From this a
level will be run north, and as the hill rises
very abruptly, a short distance will carry the
tunnel 300 feet beneath the croppings, exposing
enough ore, by s toping, to supply milling ma-
chinery for some time to come, and while the
work of further development still goes on.
New Albany.— Sonora Democrat, Jan. 9: A
few days since the workmen in this mine run
into a vein of rook; samples of which we have
seen; they are profusely filled with metal, gold
being visible to tbe naked eye plentifully. This
body of ore is reported seven feet wide where
the samples were taken from, and gives a future
prospect that must be very gratifying to the
Nevada.
Washoe district.
Consnlidated Virginia. — Gold Hill News,
Jan. 7: Daily yield, 400 tons, from 1550, 1500,
1400 and 13u0-ft level. At the 1550-ft level,
good progress is being made in the winze being
sunk 300 feet from the northern boundary. It
ib now over 100 ft deep in very high grade ore.
The main north and south drift at this level has
passed through into the California ground 35 ft:
and the face is still iu high grade ore. The last
400 feet of this drift, northward, has no poor ore
in it. The east cross-cut, at this level (the 1550)
300 ft from the northern boundary is in 65 ft
from the main north and south drift, all the
way very high grade ore, and the face shows
still higher grade ore. At the 1500-ft level, the
cross-cuts east, coniinue in high grade ore, and
have not yet reached the east wall. Cross-out
No. 2, which is the most advanced, is now in
over 300 ft in excellent ore, and has not yet
reached the east wall. This cross-cut is 130 ft
from the northern boundary line. Cross-cut
No. 1, 14 feet from the northern boundary line
is now in considerably over 100 ft, in the richest
kind of ore. At the 1400 ft level, the ore breasts
are looking splendidly, and the north drift,
which is far in advance of the ore breasts, con-
tinues in fine ore, and is yet over 200 ft from the
northern boundary line. The width of the ore
at thispointis as yet unknown. The ore breasts
at the 1300-ft level also continue looking and
yielding finely,
California. — At the 1550-ft level the main
north drift, from the Gould & Curry has pene-
trated this mine a distance of 35 ft, passing
through very hiah grade ore. At the 1500-ft
level, cross cut No. 3 east, 200 ft from the south-
ern boundary, has penetrated the ore about 8
feet. The ore is of the same rich character as
that found in cross-cut No. 1 at the southern
boundary. Cross-cat No. 2, 100 feet from the
southern boundary, is in a distance of 70 ft, and
is expeoted to reach the ore vein in a further
distance of 40 ft. At the 1400-ft level, cross-cut
No. 1, 200 ft from the southern boundary has
penetrated the ore a distance of ten feet. The
ore assays from $200 to $350 to the ton. A
cross-cut east at the 1300-ft level, direetlv above
that last mentioned, was commenced yesterday
to run for the ore body. It will have to run
200 feet to reach it.
UTAH.—The work of grading for the new
pumping machinery is well advanced. On the
400-ft level the north drift has been extended
14 ft into the vein and looks favorable.
Lady Bryan.— New Bhaft 389 ft in depth.
The various cross-cuts for the ledge and also
to connect with the old workings of the mine
are getting along finely. The ledge is very wide,
probably 300 ft and some very rich bunches of
ore have been found in its former workings.
Chollar-Potosi.— Daily yield 35 to 40 tons,
from old upper workings. The average assays
from car samples is $25, the quality of ore
yielded not being quite so good as heretofore.
The ore sections show no change for the better.
Ophir.— Dailv yield 250 tons from tbe 1465
and 1300-ft levels, and the atopes and floors be-
tween. The average richness of this product is
constantly increasing, giving better bullion re-
turns. At these two important levels the ore
bodies both ea*t and west are looking and
promising splendidly, and the north winze be-
lowlhe 1465-ft level is now down about 30 ft
in very rich ore whioh shows still richer as the
winze penetrates deeper into it. Ore of extra-
ordinary richness is found in the oross-cute
from the bottom of the winze below this level,
near the Calfornia line. The other prospecting
and developments are progressing finely and
most auspiciously under the best of manage-
ment. From what is Been and developed of
tbe great bonanza in this mine, it evidently
bears to tbe north and east, and the Ophir will
get a very good slice of it. It may even extend
entirely across it into the Mexican.
Belcher. — Daily yield 45CJ tons. The old
ore section, from the 1400-ft level up, are hold-
ing out pretty well, with no new ore develop-
ments, however in any direction.
Gould & Curry. — The double winze sunk
from the 1500-ft level, has attained a depth of
268 ft below that point. The work in this
winze is being vigorously prosecuted in order
to connect sooner with ttie 1700-ft level, and
thereby enable the company to cross-out the
vein and develop the lower level.
Justice — The poweiful and costly new hoist-
ing and pumping machinery was started up
for trial last Mounday for the first time, and
operated finely.
Best & Belcher. — On tbe 1500-ft level tbe
double winze has been sunk to a depth of 268
ft below it. This level will soon connect with
tbe 1700-ft level drift, and the company is
pushing the work in this winze with great
energy.
Phil Shbbidan. — Main west drift in 195 ft
to day. Ovei half the faoe is in very promis-
ing quartz; and the rest in dark clay and
quartz.
Occidental. — The extensive body of ore ex-
posed by the several cross-cuts contains
sufficient metal to be remunerative when ac-
tively worked, and at present looks very favor-
able.
Crown Point. — Daily yield, 550 tons. The
old ore producing sections from the 900-ft
level down, continue to give forth their regular
yield, and will hold out for a long time yet,
and some is coming from the 1500-ft level.
Mexican.— The drift from the 1465-ft level
of tbe Ophir has advanced to within about 30
ft of the south line of the Mexican, and shows
a small streak of good ore, whioh is considered
encouraging.
Sierra Nevada. — Sinking the new shaft is
progressing at a lively rate in favorable ma-
teral. The machinery at the old shaft is being
repaired and put in good order; the requisite
repairs to the timbering of the shaft is being
done preparatory to sinking 100 ft deeper, giv-
ing a total depth to the Bhaft of 800 ft.
Hale & Noroboss. — Daily yield about 100
tons from the old upper workings of the mine.
Julia. — The main north drift at the 1900-ft
level is being advanced at the rate of three ft
per day.
Globe Consolidated. — In the face of the
west drift at the 400-ft level, the character of
the rock is changing fast for the better.
Woodvillb. — New shaft down 78 ft. The
ore stopes south in the 200 and 300-ft levels,
are looking better than at our last report.
Andes— This mine, which lieB directly west
of the Consolidated Virginia and California
mines, and adjoins the old Mexican mine on
the south, is located on a west ledge, which
from the present good showing bids fair to de-
velop a bonanza of ore that will rival that of
its neighbors. Ore heretofore thrown aside as
waste, is now found to assay $46 to the ton.
A fine large body of black sulphuret ore is de-
veloped in this mine.
Dayton. — The third compartment of the
shaft is completed, and the total depth of the
same is 330 feet. Sinking deeper is now about
being resumed. No change to report in the
ore sections. Daily yield of ore, 60 tons. The
amount of ore extracted in December was
1,755 tons. Amount Bhipped to Woodworth
mill for reduction, 1,755 tons. Average car
Bamples assay, silver, $7.10; gold, $34.96; total
$42.06.
Nevada.— A fine showing of ore is developed
in the old upper workings of this mine, there
being a large chimney of it. This is not high-
grade ore, but will pay well for milling.
Rook Island.— Sinking the main shaft goes
on vigorously, and the winze below the 200-ft
level has been giving a better showing in the
way of good little bunches and spots of ore the
last few days.
Daney — The face of the north drift at the
400-ft level is in low grade ore which shows
considerable improvement.
Sucooe.— The main drift at the 550- ft level is
to-day in 105 ft., with its face in very encour-
aging vein matter, including considerable
quartz. The ledge is evidently near by. The
shaft ia down 595 feet, or 45 ft below the 550-ft
level.
38
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 16, 1875
Panamint^What " The Company" is
Doing.
The Panamint News says : The Surprise Valley
Mill and "Water company, H. A. Jones, Gen-
eral Superintendent, Capt. James Messic, Man-
ager, is invariably known as "The Company,"
and doubtless always -will be known as the
Company, on account of its gigantic operations,
although dozens of other companies may be
operating at the same time. To give some
idea, though by no means complete, of what
the company is doing at the present time, we
will state that work is being actively prosecu-
ted on the following mines: Hudson River,
Harrison, Alabama, Hemlock and Wyoming,
all on the south side of town, and on the Ja-
cobs' and Stewart's "Wonders, on the north
side. Several of these, particularly the Wy-
oming and the Wonders, are being attacked by-
shaft and tunnel in four or five places each.
Not one but what is yielding splendidly, and
have large piles of good ore on each dump.
Good trails or narrow roads have been blasted
out. at great expense to all; these trails are
from one to three miles inlength; most of them
have been cut to a grade suitable for tramways.
At present the ore (all shipping or sack ore)
from the Wyoming is brought down upon
strong iron-shod sleds, each drawn by a pow-
erful mule, and each bringing
.three loads a day of about
eleven huT:dr*=d pounds each;
six of the?e ?leds are in use
at this mine, but numbers of
others are being made ready
as fast as possible. Two tint
rock-breakers, driven by
steam, are engaged a good
share of the time upon ores
from this and the Jacobs'
Wonder. Before breaking,
the ore is sorted, .the second
quality being piled up for
concentration here as soon as
the mills are ready for work,
the best quality being broken
up fine and sacked for ship-
ment. Forty tons of this
class of ore was shipped during
the last three days from th
breaker at the upper end of
town, and there are about sixty
tons of the same sort ready
for shipment. The average
shipment from the Wyoming
is nearly ten tons per day 01
sack ore. The foundation for
the twerjty stamp mill, with
four Krom concentrators, is
about ready for the masonry,
but owing to the frosty nights
-this portion of the work may
be delayed a short time. The
warehouse is ready for the
metallic roof; it is sixty feet
square inside, with stonewalls
three feet thick. The present
large canvas store is soon to
give way to one of wood, still
larger. The company ran f ou '
boarding houses, and we are
told furnish good " grub. "
They have stabling in thr
course of erection for about
two hundred animals. The
whole number of employes is
a little over 250. They fcav^
One mill complete and ready
to run as soon as the pump
to supply it with water arrives and is put in
place, which will require not to exceed five
days from date, the pump being due to-day.
They have good second class ore on hand, or
easily attainable, to keep one hundred stamps
in constant operation, together with a corre-
sponding number of concentrators. They will
make this an exceedingly lively camp in a very
few months, as they will need at least one
thousand men when all their works are in full
blast. There is one other thing worthy of spe-
cial mention as regards the management of this
company. That is, they have taken every pos-
sible precaution to obtain perfect and undis-
puted titles to every mine in their possession
or claimed by them. They have undertaken
huge work, taken altogether, and are managing
it well. They are worthy of success* and we
have not the slightest doubt they will attain it,
and in so doing effect wonders for the welfare
of Inyo county generally.
The Belmont Courier tells of a settlement
made by the men lately working for the Morey
Mill company. The company failing to pay,
the men demanded the delivery of a lot of bul-
lion on hand, belonging tb the Morey Mining
company. This was at first refused, but the
men finally got away with thebullion, and took
it to Belmont and sold it — paying themselves
with the proceeds, 80 per cent, of their de-
mands.
The Big Bonanza.
The Enterprise of the 6th instant says: The
cross-cut 200 feet north of the south line of the
California, on the 1400-foot level has reached
the big bonanza, and penetrated it to the dis-
tance of five or six feet. They reached the ore
evening before last, and already tbe rock in the
face of the cross-cut will go $300 per ton. The
ore was reached much sooner than was antici-
pated, which shows that the west wall did not
bear so much to the eastward as it seemed to do
when cut across in the Consolidated Virginia.
It is now demonstrated that from the north line
of the mine last named the west wall gradually
curves back to the west. This being the case,
and the east wall still bearing to the east, it
would seem that we have as yet by no means
seen the "bulge" of the bonanza. That grand
center of interest — the "bulge" — is crowded
still further north. Something is now known
of the west side of the bonanza, but the east
side is still widening away into the unexplored
regions. The cross-cut 200 feet north of the
California line, on the 1500-foot level, is also
said to have been in ore a distance of two feet
yesterday afternoon — much sooner than was
expected — though its face has been showing
much quartz for some days. The mine was
visited yesterday afternoon by Captain Taylor,
are stowed away, and at the Eureka Consoli-
dated 75,000 bushels, while enough is being re-
ceived to supply the daily demand, averaging
1,500 bushels to each furnace' in operation.
The product and shipments for the month of
December, 1874, were as follows:
Shipment.
831,000
775,284
287,000
251,000
Furnaces. Pro&nct.
Richmond 1,300,000
Ewefca Consolidated 78i,744
K.K. 260,000
Hoosac 221,000
Total pounds 2,565,744
2,114,284
Peavine.
This mining district is so near to us, says the
Truckee Republican, that we cannot do better
than devote a portion of our space" to what is
now being done to develop the interests there.
Should this district prove to be as rich as all
indications now promise, it will be an import-
ant market for our lumber and wood. From
Mr. B. Johnson, of Beno, who called at our
office yesterday, we were able to learn the fol-
lowing items of interest: The prospects in the
mines there have been improving greatly within
a short time past, and are now much better than
ever before. A consolidation has been effected
between the Paymaster and Poe~mines under
State, Golden Fleece, Buckeye, Nellie Grant and
others, all watching with great interest the result
of the coming experiment .at the Consolidated
Poe. There are already between twelve and
twenty families already located there, and 300
men employed and no idle men. The city sup-
ports a store, a livery stable and three hotels.
Since Thanksgiving eight houses have been
built. Stages leave daily from Keno at 9 a. m.
and arrive at 3 p. m. The place is called Poe
City in preference to Peavine in honor of the
company. The indications at this place are
said to be better than those at Virginia city at
the same stage of development and some ven-
ture to predict another great bonanza.
Bee-Hunting.
The large illustration which we give en the
first page of this, our holiday sheet, is decrip-
tive of one of the notable incidents of coun-
try life, namely, bee-hunting. Although bee-
hunters in their reports of these adventures
generally report satisfactory returns in honey, *
they almost invariably dwell most on the
pleasurable excitement attending the hunt.
The programme of the bee-hunt varies some-
what in different localities.
A very common mode, and
one which we will suppose is .
being used by the parties in
the accompanying picture is
as follows: The hunters re-
sort in the daytime to locali-
ties where these wild swarms
are supposed to exist, and
endeavor to entice the bees
away from their tree-hives,
A common method to accom-
plish this purpose is to ere- I
ate a strong but agreeable
odor, by filling the cells of
old honey combs with anise-
seed and burning it between
heated iron or stones. This
attracts the bees, and in tbe
viciuity of these enticing
fames, honey or some other
bee food is placed. The bees
feed on this.
BEE HUNTING.
Rich mineral discoveries are reported near
San Fernando, Los Angeles county. A man
named Slater has discovered within five miles
of the town a silver ledge of some richness.
Several finely prospecting gold ledges have
been found in the same vicinity; also a cinna-
bar mine of apparent richness. Coal is also
reported to exist in the same vicinity.
Of coal from a mine in Shasta county the
Sacramento Union says; "It is a superior ar-
ticle, equal to, if not better, than any other
found in the State; it is of a glossy black,
heavy and apparently free from sulphur,"
Superintendent of the Yellow Jacket, Mr, P.
Deidesheimer, the well-known expert, Oscar G.
Sawyer, correspondent of the New York Herald,
Mr. Chauncy Land, mill man, formerly of the
Land mill, Seven-mile canon, and by several
other gentlemen taking an interest in mining
matters, and all came to the surface perfectly
stunned with the wealth seen by them during
their underground travels. The only place
where the bonanza has yet been crossed is at
the south end, where cross-cut No. 3 passes
through it. At this point they are beginning to
breast out, and the breasts are opening into ore
of wonderful richness, disclosing much of that
character of ore known as " stephanite." "While
below tbe foreman of the mine dug out and
presented to Mr. Land a lump of this ore
weighing about ten pounds. It was a beautiful
specimen, and on reaching the surface Captain
Taylor offered Mr. Land $20 for it, an offer
which was promptly refused. We asked Mr.
Taylor why he did not take a pick and dig out
a specimen for himself. ""Well," said he, "I
thought it would look a little too much like dig-
ging into a man's safe." Mr. Sawyer says that
if he writes the Herald a full account of what
he saw they will think him the biggest liar on
this side of .the Rocky mountains. The grand
developments in the California were everywhere
the subject of conversation on the streets and
in the saloons yesterday afternoon and last
evening. On the 1550-foot level the main drift
north from the Gould and Curry has passed
through into California ground a number of
feet and is still in the same very rich ore through
which it passed for such a great distance in the
Consolidated Virginia.
Etjeeea Bttllion. — The Eureka Sentinel
says: The amount of bullion produced at the
furnaces for the month of December far ex-
ceeds the figures of the same month of 1873.
This is owing to the favorable condition of
the weather, the easy transportation of ore
from the mines and the abundant amount of
charcoal being brought to the fnrnaces. At
the Richmond over 200,000 bushels of charcoal
the name of the Consolidated Poe. This com-
pany are now having a furnace built, and ex-
pect to have it in operation Friday of this week.
This is built by Mr. McGlew who is given
$500 and takes the balance from the re-
sults of the experiment, Tbe furnace is
built at an expense of about $5,000. The com-
pany have already about 350 tons of reck on
the dump pile awaiting the completion of the
furnace. This rock has been assayed.
Twelve assays from the dump were shown our
informant, which averaged from $42 to S10S
per ton. As soon as this furnace is completed
and this rock worked a reliable test will be ob-
tained, and calculations can be made with
great probability of their being accurate
whether it will be advantageous to continue de-
velopments in this district or not. The other
companies are equally interested in the coming
test, for in the event of this amount of rock
paying according to the assay, they will have
sufficient encouragement to put in capital
enough to develop them all. There are crop-
pings along the road between Reno and Pea-
vine, where, in a thousand places prospects
have been made with indications enough to in-
duce further outlays of money in the event of
success at the Consolidated Poe. The stock of
this company is divided into 60,000 shares
which have a market value of about $3—30,000
shares are held by Mayor Brown, of St. Louis,
Mo., 17.000 by the Bank of California, as col-
lateral, it is said, and the remaining 13,000 by
other men, many of them those that are at
work developing the mine. There is a difficulty
in working the rock from this mine, on account
of the presence of antimony and iron which
are separated with some difficulty. The rock
after being milled, has to be roasted before it
can be amalgamated. This difficulty seems to
grow less as a greater depth is reached, This
difficulty seems, to grow less as greater depth is
reached. Our informant went down to the 100-
foot level and found the ledge three feet in thick-
ness and well defined. They have reached a
depth of 175 feet with increasing prospects.
"Besides theConsolidatedPoe there are theNeyada
"Which pillage, they with merry
march bring home
To tbe tent repal of their Emperor"*
The hunters follow them
in their flight- and thus ascer-
tain their retreats. At night
they repair to the detected
hiding place, provided with
axes, torches and vessels for
transporting their,sweet treas-
ures to their homes.
"We see them in the picture
after the tree has been
"felled, "removing the honey
from the mammoth hive, or
rude city of hives. The full
moon is affording all the as-
sistance she can urider — or
rather over — the circum-
stances, but tbe additional
light of their pine torches is
needed. Two or three hun-
dred pounds of honey is "not
an unusual yield from one of
the bee trees. It happens
sometimes that there is a
large amount of old comb in the tree; the quality
of the honey being injured thereby, and some-
times too the honey is badly broken up by the
breaking or jarring of the falling tree; but in
many cases the stock is equal in every respect
to the best hive honey, and is removed in good
marketable condition.
The Caeson Mint employs a force of 73 per-
sons. It coins about $300,000 in gold per month,
and about $200,000 in silver. The silver coinage
has recently been confined to trade dollars, of
which $50,000 were delivered to-day, and about
$240,000 within the last month. Superinten-
dent Crawford and Coiner Doane and the other
officers state that the capacity of the mint is
hardly half so large as it should be. Since its
operations have become so extensive and im-
portant it is found to be crowded in every de-
partment. The Congressional delegation from
Nevada is being urged to secure an appropria
tion for the enlargement and improvement of
tbe building. The sum needed for the work is
about $250,000.
New Ditch. — A company of capitalists, John
Thomas, agent, will, as soon as the weather will
warrant, commence the construction of a large
ditch to convey water for mining, from the
lakes in the vicinity of Gold lake to the north-
ern portion of the county. It will be a canal
rather than a ditch, and capable of carrying at
reast 20,000 inches of water. The ditch will
probably be 25 or 30 miles long and will fur-
nish a full head of water the year round. —
Downieville
Wells, Faego & Co. shipped for the Man-
hattan company, of Austin, during the month
ending December 31st, ninety-one bars of bul-
lion, weighing 9,228 pounds, and valued at
$116,673.38.
The new pumping machinery for the Utah
mine, on the Comstock, is being made in this
city. It will equal in capacity and strength,
any siniilar machinery on the Comstock,
January 16, 1875,]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
39
Fatal Effects of Filth.
X. A. Willard in a late Address before the
onneoticnt Farmers' Convention discoursed
1 follows: — Many cases of fever have been
iced to the consumption of swill milk; dis-
uses have been traced to the milk- drawn from
>wsby the attendants of sick persons; also to
,e impure water with -which milk-pans were
ished. Cows that drink impure water give
lwholesnroe mitk. Milk becomes impure
om particles of dust falling from the cow's
Ider, which has been gathered by passing
rough stoughB or mud-holes. Farmers do
>t as a rule appreciate this matter, but if they
dispose of their milk or butter before any
eat change is effected, they think all respon-
lili'y is off their shoulders. The fine charae-
of English cheese may be attributed to great
je in all the operations, ronning from the
nditions of the pasture, as to the cleanliness
om slough- holes, through the stable, the
iring-house. washing of pans, etc, to the
oductioo of the cheese. Cesspools or dead
timuls found upon the premises of English
toots ar« subjects for prosecution.
Putrid water is ofttn the only kind by which
e cow can sluke her thirst, and yet it is pro-
ictive of disease. We have a law to prevent
terint* milk, and jet a farmer is allowed to
irmit his cows to quench their thirst in the
ost filthy and poisonous water. Which is the
ost deserving of punishment? A case of
arrhea in a family was traced to the milk ob-
ined from a cow confined in a stable without
oper ventilation. While the cow is under a
olent excitement, or in an exceedingly ner-
»U8 condition, the milk becomes highly poi-
mous, as many cases have abundontly proved.
child fed from the milk of a cow that drank
Dm water oozing out of a hog pen was covered
rer with soreB and pustules. Every factory
r milk should have a schedule of questions
r its patron*, covering the whole ground of
eanliness, treatment of the animal under all
nditions, while in the pasture, at the stable,
in their passage from one to the other; con-
tion of pasturage as regards grass, etc., and
every direction affecting the product of
ilk.
Qooo HE4LTH-
Deaths from Lamp Explosions.
There are so many circumstances under
bich accidents, more or leas severe and often
tal, occur from lamp explosions, that people
nnut be too studious in informing themselves
ith regard to such accidents, or too careful in
eking to avoid them. But a few days since
ie following case occurred at the house of a
iend on Perry street, in this city. A gentle-
an entered a room late at night in which a
:rosene lamp had been burning low through
e evening, stepped towards it and was in the
;t of extending bis hand to turn it down, and
it; but just before his fingers reached the
.umb-screw the lamp exploded with a loud re-
rt which sent it in fragments to every part of
e room. Fortunately there was no fire set
d no person irjjured. The next morning a
reful examination of the fragments to learn
e cuise of the explosion led to the theory
at the tube, which was rather a large one,
id been fitted with a very small wick, thus
aving a birge air space by means of which,
. all probability, the movement of the air in
ie room, caused by the opening of the door,
reed the small, flickering flame down into the
,be far enough to communicate with and ex-
lode the gas which would naturally, under the
rcume-tances, have accumulated therein.
In this connection it may be interesting, as
ell as useful, to call to mind the fact that
rof. Chandler, of New York city, says: "The
>tal result for the year 1869, for the city of
ew York, which I myself have cut from news-
apera, is fifty-two latal accidents from dan-
erous kerosene, fifty severe and six slight — in
11 one hundred and eight per-ons, to my
nowledge, from my own reading, have been
ijured by kerosene in one year."
Effect of Waemth in Preventing Death
bom Chloral. — Dr. Brunton (who, by the
ay, has sueceeded the lamented Anstie as
rtitor of that excellent medical journal, The
*ractiUoner) confirms the observations of Lie-
reich and others, and finds that the snbeuta-
eons injection of a solution of chloral induces
leep, which is light and easily broken if the
ose be small, but passes into coma if the dose
large. In dogs, considerable restlessness
as observed before sleep came on, and the
spiration was at first rendered rapid but sub-
iquently became slow. A remarkable dimi-
ution of temperature was observed, which
ppears to be partly due to greater loss from
he surface, caused" by the vessels of the skin
ecoming much dilated under the influence
f the drug, and allowing the blood to be
ooled more readily by a low external temper-
ture. It is partly due also to the diminished
>roduction of heat, which cessation of muscu-
lar action always induces. Dr. Brunton found'
hat an animal wrapped in cotton-wool may
ecover perfectly from a dose of chloral which
3 sufficient to kill it when exposed to the cool-
Dg action of the air, and that recovery from
he narcotic action is much quicker when the
emperature is maintained in this way, and still
aore rapid when the animal is placed in a warm
>ath, providing this is not excessive. The
bearing of these experiments on the treatment
of persons suffering from an overdose of chloral
is obvious. The patient should be put to bed,
and the temperature of the body maintained by
warm blankets and hot- water bottles applied to
various parts of the body, especially the cardiac
region. Warmth over the heart is an excellent
stimulant to the circulation, which, like the
respiration, iH enfeebled by chloral. If respi-
ration threatens to fail, it should be maintained
artificially so as to allow time for the chloral to
be excreted and the normal functions to be
restored.
Colic in Young Children. — Put a lump of
assafetida, about as large as a hazel nut in a
three ounce vial, one teaspoonful of magnesia,
and two or three teaspoonfuls of whisky, to
preserve it; then fill up the vial with soft
water. About the time the child begins
to cry with the colic give of the mixture from
half to a teaspoonful, according to age, diluted
in water and well sweetened with white or lump
sugar. One dose is generally sufficient to re-
lieve the little sufferer; but if necessary, repeat
after a time. It may be unpleasant at first,
but the patient will soon learn to like it. This
acts on the bowels sufficient to keep them reg-
ular. Cordials and soothing syrups are usually
astringent — just what a child does not want.
Eat but three times a day, at regularjperiods,
and see that at least a five hours* interval oc-
curs between each two meals.
Black-Leading Iron.
In these days of general diffusion of chem-
ical knowledge it is scarcely necessary to state
that the " black lead " or "plumbago" of com-
merce, is not lead at all, or any compound of
its composition. Neither is it a carburet of
lead, and that it includes no lead whatever in
iron, as is sometimes stated. It is simply car-
bon. Pure plumbago is pure carbon, impure
plumbago is impure carbon. Its proper name
is graphite, that is, writing stone. We may
venture to describ-- it as the softest of all true
solids, and have often pondered wonderin^ly
upon the apparently unnoticed, but very curi-
ous chemico-mechauical paradox that the hard-
est and softest of all the solids existing upon
the earth are, chemically speaking, the same
substance, gTaphite and the diamond being
both carbon.
It is this wonderful softness, combined with
persistent solidity, that enables us to smear it
over any other solid surface, and thus obtain a
solid paint, all body and no medium. For the
class of castings to which it is commonly ap-
plied where its application can be readily re-
peated and where it is not exposed to the direct
action of water it is unrivalled as a protecting
film for iron. Its chemical action, so far as it
does act when cold, is reducing, or anti-oxid-
izing. It-* color and toueare so similar to iron
that Mr. Ruskin himself could scarcely make
any asthetic objection to its use, and the film is
so marvelously thin that it obliterates nothing.
There does not apper to have ever been any at-
tempt to estimate the thickness of a well
brushed film of graphite, but it would seem
that if a hundred strata of such films could be
piled in contact with each other, their com-
bined thickness would fall short of that of the
thinnest gold leaf.
Cheap Telegraphy.— ^President Orton's re-
port of the affairs of the Western Union Tele-
graph company is calculated to inspire much
hope in those who believe that the Govern-
ment can run the lines at cheaper rates to the
public. On the first of January, 1873, a reduc-
tion of more than 50 per cent, was made in the
maximum tariff between the most remote
points ou the company's line. This, though
occasioning a temporary loss of revenue, has
resulted, during the last few months, in a large
increase. The reduction was from $7.50 and
$5 to §>2.50. President Orton now adds that,
owing to Messrs. Edison's and Prescott'squad-
rupl ex apparatus, which is, at the present time,
working successfully between Chicago and New
York, and by which two messages are sent in
the same direction and two more in the oppo-
site direction simultaneously on a single wire,
he believes it practicable before long to cut
rates down still lower, and ultimately fr> estab-
lish but four rates for day messages, namely,
twenty-five, fifty, seventy-five cents, and one
dollar, with half charges (except for the low-
est; for night messages.
To Remove Nitric Acid Spots. — The yellow
spots produced by nitric acid may be removed
from brown or black woolen goods, while fresh,
by repeatedly dipping them into a concentrated
solution of permangate of potassa and then
washing them with water. The yellow spots
on the hands may be removed in the same way,
the brown stain produced by the permangate
being removed by an aqueous solution of sul-
phurous acid.
The United States is now paying over $100,-
000,000 per annum for freight and passage on
foreign ships, to be carried abroad and expend-
ed in the employment and support of other
peoples beyond a fair percentage of what
should go to foreign vessels, estimating on the
tonnage and travel of each respectively.
Geeen wood can be easily finished by scorch-
ing the piece after it is shaped out, A few
lighted shavings will suffice.
Guns Discharged Without Caps.
It seems almost impossible that a gun should
be discharged without the presence of either
cap or flint; yet a well authenticated case of
the kind seems to have ocenrred, recently, near
Napa, as narrated by the Register of that place.
It seems that Benjamin Bergrin, being out with
some companions duck shooting, had just fired
one barrel, and hearing the shot loose in the
other, turned up the gun into his left hand to
pour out the charge, taking the precaution to
first remove the cap, Notwithstanding the ab-
sence of the cap, the gun went off and madn a
bad wound in his left hand. It seems almost
incredible that a gun could be discharged after
the cap is removed, but the phenomena is ac-
counted for by experts on the hypothesis that
the percusKive quality of the' cap had— the
weather being damp — adhered to the nipple of
the gun and been sufficient to explode it on
being jarred incident to shaking th" charge out,
the hammer being down. That this theory is
a correct one, is confirmed by a wimilfu* acci-
dent which occurred a few days previous to
one of the Asylum apprentices, who had been
shooting, and having both charges left in his
gun, thought to save them by leaving them in
till next day, when he would go out again. To
this end he removed both caps, let one hammer
down carefully, and was lowering the other,
when it slipped from his thumb on to the nip-
ple, and discharged the barrel. The other bar-
rel went off at the same instant, as is supposed,
by the shock of the first one — both discharging
their contents up through the roof. The youth
had a narrow escape, and the two accidents
confirm the theory of the total depravity of
guns, "dangerous without either lock, stock or
barrel, because a man once whipped his wife
to death with a ramrod."
Insect Anatomy. — Dr. R. U. Pepcr, the
naturalist, in giving an account of some micro-
scopic investigations, in which he has recently
been engaged, says: I have managed to make
a very careful dissection of the tongue of a
house fly, and now I can show the so-called
trachae on the tip of the tongue very neatly
dissected by my own hand. I can also show a
very fine specimen of a parasite from a blowing
fly, with all its organs perfect. I have noticed
what I think is a fact that the flies which survive
the winter are all, or nearly all, perhaps females;
and have just dissected a house-fly, in which I
find 106 eggs. I have also demonstrated what
is, perhaps, an ontological discovery— that the
central lancet of the horse-fly is tubular. For
what reason, as he has a sucker from which he
draws blood from the wound he makes? The
lancet of the horse-fly — the female, for the male
has no biting organs, is a compound instrument.
"When closed it presents a point; when open it
shows several points radiating from its base.
The two outside lancets have rows of teeth,
like those on the jaw of a ehark. I suppose the
creature introduces the lancet shut, like the
sticks of a fan. "When it is withdrawn it is
opened in the process, and thus makes that
ugly tormenting wound which the,se insects
inflict upon horses and cattle. The hollow
lancet perhaps carries some kind of fluid to
poison the blood or render it more fluid. There
is, however, no gland to be found by which
this fluid is secreted. That the lancet is hollow,
however, I have shown without a question, as I
have contrived to make fluid pass through^it.
Gcm Arabic. — This useful product come
from Morocco, instead of Arabia, as its name
would imply. About the middle of November,
that is, after the rainy season, a gummy juice
exudes spontaneously from the trunk and
branches of a species of the acacia in that
country. It gradually thickens in the furrow
down which it runs, and assumes the form of
oval and round drops, about the size of pigeons'
eggs, of different colors, as it comes from the
red or white gum tree. About the middle of
December the Moors encamp on the borders of
the forest, and the harvest lasts a full month.
The gum is packed in large leather saoks, and
transported on the backs of camels and bul-
locks to the seaports for shipement. The har-
vest occasion is made one of great rejoicing,
and the people for the time being almost live
on gum, which is nutritious and fattening.
Such is the commercial story of this simple ar-
ticle.
How to Use a Grindstone. — Common grind-
stone spindles, with a crank at one end, are
open to ihe great objection that the stone will
never keep round, because every person is in-
clined, more or less, to follow the motion of
his foot with his hand, which causes the pres-
sure on the same to be unequal. The harder
pressure is always applied to the very same
part of the stone, and will soon make it un-
even, so that it is impossible to grind a tool
true. To avoid this, put in place of the crank
a small cog-wheel of 13 cogs, to work into the
former. The stono will make about .07 of a
revolution more than the crank, and the harder
pressure of the tool on the stone will change to
another place at every turn, and the stone will
keep perfectly round if it is a good one. This
is a very simple contrivance, but it will be new
to many of our readers. — Cabinet Maker.
Gleaning Out-Door Statuary, Etc.— It is
recommended, in cleaning moss-covered stat-
uary in gardens, etc., first to kill the vegetation
by the application of petroleum or benzine,
which will not injure the stone, and to remove
it when dry by brushing, finally rubbing with
a rag.
DopiEsjic EcofiopY*
Care of Glass and China.
It ought to be taken for granted that all china
and glass-ware is well tempered; yet a little
careiul attention may not be mispbiced, even
ou that point; for though ornamental china or
glass-ware is not exposed to the action of hot
water in common domestic use, yet it maybe
iujudioiously immersed in it for the purpose of
cleaning; and an articles intended solely for or-
nament may not be so highly annealed as oth-
er*, without fraudulent negligence on the part
of fhe manufacturers it will be proper never to
apply water to when beyond a tepid tempera-
ture. But when fractures take place, the best
cement, both for strength and invisibility, is
that made from mastic. The process, indeed,
may be thought tedious; but a sufficient quan-
tity can be made at once to last a life-time. To
an ounce of mastic add as much highly recti-
fied spirits of wine as will dissolve it. Soak an
ounce of isinglass in water until quite soft;
then dissolve it in pure rum or brandy until it
forms a strong glue, to which add about a quar-
ter of an ounce of gum ammoniac, welled rub-
bed and mixed. Put the the two mixtures to-
gether in an earthen vessel over a gentle heat;
when well united the mixture mav be put into
a phial and kept well stopped. When wanted
for use the bottle must be set in warm water
and the articles to be mended must also be
warmed before the cement is applied. The
broken surfaces when carefully joined should
be kept in close contact for at least twelve hours,
after which the fracture will be scarcely percep-
tible and the adhesion perfect. The broken
portion will also be as strong as the unbroken.
The same cement may be applied to marble and
even to metals. — English Exchange.
Poisoned Butchers' Meat. — It 'is well
that all housekeepers, and especially all en-
gaged in furnishing meat for the table should
be impressed with the undoubted fact that ani-
mals ought not to become excited before they
are bntchered, because their flesh is injured
thereby, and it will spoil quickly. It is fre-
quently the case that some mishap occurs
when a hog or a fat steer is to be butchered, or
when a hurt is given of great or less a moment
which puts the animal in deadly fear," and he
is likely to break away; in which case men,
boys, and dogs give chase, which makes mat-
ters decidedly worse, and if, finally, life is
taken, it is under pitiable circumstances.
There is no doubt that much of the butchers'
meat of the large cities is injured by reason of
long journeys, inducing a condition of fear and
trembling or a high state of nervous excitement
which can but affect the flesh. There ought to
be special regulations to guard against this in
all slaughter-houses, and ou farms the utmost
care and deliberation should be taken so that
butchering may be quickly and successfully
performed. — Dr. Cross.
Rolled Herring. — Herrings having haid
roes appear larger and finer fish than those with
soft roes; nevertheless the latter are to be pre-
ferred, as they really have more flesh and are
more delicate. Having scraped the fish, cut off
the heads, split open, cleanse and take out the
roes. Take the herring in the left hand, and with
the thumb and finger of the right press the
back bone to loosen it, then lay the fish flat on
the board and draw out the bone; it will come
out whole, leaving none behind. Sprinkle the
herring with pepper, salt and a little chopped
green parsley; lay on the soft roe, roll up
tightly, leaving the fin and tail outwards, and
bind round with a piece of tape to keep it in
shape. Have ready some water well seasoned
with pepper, salt and vinegar, and when it
boils'put in the herring and let it simmer for
ten minutes, or until cooked. Serve it with
butter, parsley or egg sauce poured over.
Artificial Cheese. — As a successor to arti-
ficial butter we have now an article of artificial
cheese. The experiment of its manufacture
has been made in Tompkins county, New York,
it is said with great success; and the theoryis
simply that skim milk cheese, a food material
of little value, may be so improved by the ad-
dition of foreign enriching material as to be
much more valuable. The cream is therefore
taken from milk and made into butter, and the
skimmed material is made into cheese by the
addition of a pure and wholesome, but cheap
oil.
Fried Vegetable Marrow. — Cut the marrow
in strips an inch and a half long and three-
eighths of an inch square; sprinkle freely with
fine salt, and place the strips under an inverted
plate in a basin. In a couple of hours put
them in a cloth, and thoroughly dry them by
wringing them in the cloth; then flour them in
the same manner as whitebait, and throw them
into plenty of boiling lard. As soon as they
begin to take color drain thoroughly, sprinkle
with salt and serve hot.
Oyster Omelet. — Whisk four eggs to a thick
broth; then add by degrees one gill of cream;
beat them well together; season the eggs with
pepper and salt to taste. Have ready one dozen
fine oysters, cut them in half, pour the egg
into a pan of hot butter, and drop the oysters
over it as early as possible. Fry a light brown
and serve hot.
40
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 16, 1875
W. B. EWER Senior Editoe.
OEWEY «fc CO.
, T. DEWEY,
X»-iibllslxers.
GEO. H. BTRONG
JNO. Ij. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S.
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Rates.
BuBsaraPTiONB payable in advance— For one year $4;
Sii months, $2.25; three monthB, $1.26, Remittances
by registered letters or P. O. orders at onr rlafe
Advertising Rates.— 1 week. 1 month. 3 monOis. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $3.00 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.60 24.00
One inch 1-60 4-00 12.00 40.00
Stan Francisco:
Saturday Morning, Jan. 16, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND (JBNBRAL NEWS.—
Hydraulic Mining in California; The LadieB' Friend;
An Improved Harrow; The Colusa Quicksilver Mines;
The New Mint Engine, 33- Big Capitals— Small
Profits; Eastern Mining Excitements, 40. North
Pacific Coast Railroads; The Carolina Parrot; Quick-
silver Mining in Mexico, 41- Grain Elevators; Pat-
ents and Inventions; The Black Hills; The Bribery
Investigation; The New Currency Bill, and other
Items of News. 44-
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Improved Lap Board; Dia-
gram taken from Engine at the New Mint; Dononue's
Improved Harrow, 33. Carolina Parrot, 41.
CORRESPONDENCE. — Among the Quicksilver
Mines, 34.
MEC HANIC AL PROGRESS. — Improvements
in Glass Manufacture; Single Rail Steam Towage on
the Belgium Canal; India-Rubber Tires; Improved
Stucco; Relative Cost of Water and Steam Powers; A
New "Wonder in Steam; A New Paper BoaTd; Immense
Photographs; Paper Manufacture, 35-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— A New Bleaching
Material; Phenomenon in Iron Drawing; Scientific
Discoveries in Cyprus; Improved Ohromo-Litho-
graphic Process; Electro-Magnets for Blasting; Elec-
tricity and Muscular Action: Sunspot and Ozone;
The Great Telescope; New Discoveries in the Mam-
moth Cave; Science Proving its TTruits; Irregularity
in the Earth's Rotation; Spontaneous Combustion,
35.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of Stock
Market for the Week, 36.
MINING SUMMARY— From various counties in
California and Nevada, 37-
GOOD HEALTH. -Fatal Effects of Filth; Deaths
from Lamp Explosions; Effect of Warmth in Prevent-
ing Death from Ohloral; Colic in Young Children,
39.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Black-Leading Iron;
Cheap Telegraphy; To RemoveNitrio Acid Spots; Guns
Discharged Without Caps; Insect Anatomy; Gum
Arabic; H -w to Use a Grindstone; Cleaning Out-Door
Statuary, Etc., 39.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY. — Care of Glass and
China; Poisoned Butchers' Meat; Rolled Herring;
Artificial Cheese; Fried Vegetable Marrow; Oyster
Omelette, 39.
MISCELLANEOUS.— The Sumner Mine; All Alive
to the Northward : The Sheep Ranch Mine; Coal Slate;
Ward and Julia; The New Standard; Mining De-
cision; New Locations; Good for the "C and C;!'
Foundrymen Exempt from License; Ore Shipped, 34-
Panamint— What "The Company" is Doing; The Big
Bonanza; Eureka Bullion; Peavine; Bee-Hunting;
New Ditch 38- San Francisco Microscopical Soci-
ety; The Emma Mining Bubble; Mining Operations
in Calaveras County; Quicksilver Production of Co-
luBa County; Encouraging, 42- Steel Shoes and
Dies, 44-
Tule Bottle Cover.
Earl K. Oooley, of this city, has recently se-
cured a patent through the Mining and Scien-
tific; Pbess Patent Agency, for a machine for
making bottle covers out of tule grass. The
machine consists of an endleBS belt, feeding to
a clamp a series of lengths of the stalks of the
tule grass or other rush, the clamp seizing and
holding them until a series of needles with
threads, carried upon a sliding frame, puncture
them and string them, the thread remaining
through the stalks as they are withdrawn. It
also consists in hooked claws, operating inter-
mittently and conjointly with the needles to
serge the thread and prevent it from being
withdrawn by the needles, and in a reciprocat-
ing knife operated by the movement of the
sliding frame, to cut the threads in proper
lengths as the needles recede. The invention
and letters patent have been purchased by Ira
S. Warring, of this oity, to whom all commu-
nications can be addressed.
Pocket Map of the Comstock. — "We * re-
ceived this week a pooket map of the Comstock
lode, showing the latest changeB up to Jan. 1st,
1875. It was compiled and drawn by Edward
B. Lasalle, Topographical Engineer, room 19,
Montgomery block. It is on a scale of 1200
feet to the inch. This little map was one
much needed, and that it supplied a demand
was proved by the sale of over 500 copies in
the first three days. The map shows some 18
or 20 more looations than the other maps of
the same region. A list of Washoe stocks
in the Stock Boards is given, with the number
of feet and shares. The map is a very con-
venient one, neatly prepared and bound, and,
as far as we can see, seems to be correct. It is
much cheaper than the large roller maps
and answers every purpose as a means of
reference.
Big Capitals— Small Profits.
Most of the new mining companies recently
organized, have been incorporated with capital
stock varying from five to fifteen million dol-
lars. Ten millions seems to be the favorite of
late, and few promoters think of putting any-
thing before the public at a less amount.
Moreover, the mania to increase the capital
stock of companies which have been long in
existence, prevails to a greater extent than ever
before. These companies increase their capitals
from one and two million dollars in ten and
twenty thousand shares, to five and ten millions
divided into from one hundred to five hundred
thousand shares. Where all this business will
end can not be seen, as there is practically no
limit to the amount the oapital stock may be
increased on paper. But unfortunately the
shares bear a proportion to the capital stock of
course, and how numbers of mines which have
never paid a dividend on thirty and forty thou-
sand shares can ever pay a respectable one on
a hundred or two hundred thousand shares we
do not see.
It may be all very well to divide up such
mines as the California, Consolidated "Virginia,
etc., which are supposed to contain countless
millions, and the shares of which are held at
such enormous prices in consequence; but there
is very little real benefit in doing the same
thing with dozens of other mines, which are
only kept running by the expectation of striking
ore.
Taking the Comstock mines for instance,
which are listed on the Board : Best &
Belcher, with 542 feet in the mine is divided
into 100,800 shares; Belcher, with 1,040 feet,
has 104,000 shares; Bullion, with 943 feet,
has 100,000 shares; California, with GOO feet,
has 108,000 shares; Cosmopolitan, with 1,000
feet, has 100,000; Cons. Virginia, with 710
feet, has 108,000; Crown Point, with 600 feet,
has 100,000; Dayton/ with 1,600 feet, has
100,000; Imperial, with only 180 feet, has
100,000; Kossuth, with 2,800 feet, has 108,000;
Leviathan, with 2,000 feet, has 100,000; Mexi-
can, with 600 feet, has 100,800; Ophir, with
675 feet, has 100,800; Silver Central Cons., with
1500 feet, has 110,000; Sierra Nevada, with
2,640 feet, has 100,000; Whitman, with 1,800
feet, has 100,000 shares. These are the princi-
pal ones called on the Board which have more
than 50,000 or 60,000 shares. It will of course
be noticed that the size of the mine bears no
proportion to the number of shares, and that
the number of shares is not in proportion to the
value of the mine.
When we come to thiuk, however, of mines
with a capital stock of $54,000,000 divided into
540,000 shares, as will be the case with the Cal-
ifornia and Consolidated "Virginia in a few
weeks, it is pretty hard to base any calculations
about the real value of a share, even if the
ground were all pure silver. California, with
600 feet will have a capital stock of $54,000,000
divided into 540,000 shares. This is 900 shares
to a foot, making each share cover a space of
ground one seventy-fifth of an inch in thick-
ness. Thus, a man owning one share owns
one seventy-fifth of an inch of the mine, and he
would have to own 75 shares to own an inch
out of 600 feet. With. paper of ordinary thick-
ness and each share on a separate certificate, if
he set his 75 shares up on edge it would cover
all he owned. If these shares sell at only $5
or $10 each, the mine will have to be nearly
pure silver to pay any respectable dividend on
the capital stock for a year. In Consolidated
Virginia the buyer will own a little more ground
in proportion to the share. It will have the
same number of shares, and with 710 feet, will
have about 760 shares to the foot, so that each
share will represent an ownership of about one
sixty-third of an inch in the whole mine.
This is running things pretty close, even for
mining ventures; but the examples of these
large mines with their immense bonanzas is not
one to be followed by ordinary companies. The
much maligned Emma and several other Amer-
ican mines owned in England, would have paid
a fair profit on a reasonable capital; but when
people expect miues to pay what investors ex-
pect at least — three per cent, per month — on
capitals of from 10,000,000 to 50,000,000, they
are unreasonable. The two mines mentioned
may be exceptions; and if half what is said is
true, probably will prove so; but this is no
argument in favor of putting every new mine
in the market with a capital stock of such enor-
mous figures that not' even the most sanguine
buyers expect a fair dividend on the amount,
but trust to owning a large number of shares.
Times of excitement like the present are just
the occasion of these moves, which of course
every one knows are only intended as Btock-
jobbing operations. "Giving poor men a
chance" is, however, too thin an excuse to be
swallowed by everybody.
Eastern Mining Excitements.
An asbestos deposit is being worked on the line
of the Amador canal, about ten miles above
Jackson.
The miners about Ukiah, Mendocino county,
have organized the Ukiah mining district,
electing S. Wurtenburg Recorder. The United
States general mining laws were adopted. The
district starts from Sanel district -on the south
and inns up the neighborhood of Little Lake.
W. Fkank Stewart has located a valuable
claim on Mount Davidson, nine miles from
Virginia City.
What queer ideas they have -about mining
for gold and silver in the Eastern States. Their
heads are very level on coal and iron, but when
they find, or think they find, precious metals,
they immediately become demented. They
hunt up an "old, experienced California miner"
who perhaps lived here, or worked in a mining
town, and knew nothing of mining, to tell them
all about it. If he has been in California, it is
enough for them, and his predictions are im-
plicitly believed. Now, not one man in 500 in
this State knows anything about practical min-
ing whatever; and nine-tenths of those who
have worked in the mines here would not be
competent to take charge of one. Very few
men are good managers, and still fewer are the
experts whose judgment as to the future of a
mine maybe relied- on. Still these Eastern
people believe anything the "California miner'*
tells them, especially if it is favorable.
The latest excitement we have heard of is the
discovery of "six miles of silver," at New-
buryport, Mass. A man named Rogers found
some metal, thought it was valuable, and then
studied geology and. mineralogy to find out
what it was. He kept his secret until he bought
the land, in company with a rich farmer, pay-
ing $350 for it. He found float and at six feet
struck the "true vein." The Boston Advertiser
contains a long account of the matter, which
for ignorance of mining is rich, but we have
only room for a few extracts:
The pieces taken from the pit, as dug by Mr.
Adams, exhibited vein structure, the upper five
inches being composed of galena, while th?
under three inches — the three inches next the
supposed foot-wall — contained considerable
gray copper ore or tetrahedrite, galena, quartz,
copper and iron pyrites. Four srjecimens were
assayed. The first, coarse-grained galena, as-
sayed for silver, yielded $56.37; and the second,
fine grained galena, $75.23 per ton; the third,
a comparatively pure piece of gray copper,
containing also some quartz and galena, as-
sayed for silver, copper and incidentally for
gold, yielded, of silver, £1,270 per ton; gold,
$129 per ton ; and about 27 per cent, of copper.
The fourth specimen, weighing about three
pounds, tried for lead, was found to be nearly
pure, and hammered quite readily. The lead
was 52 per cent, of the whole matter. The
mine has been bonded for $100,000.
The Advertiser then goes on to state that sys-
tematic mining operations were commenced by
sinking a shaft ten feet square. "As the shaft
increased in depth the vein, which is what is
known as a fissure vein — that is, metalbetween
two walls of granite, where, in all probability
it was thrown by volcanic action— the vein
broadened from three feet at the surface to
seven feet at present working — twenty-five feet
down. As the men descend the vein grows
richer and purer, the proportion of silver and
gold increasing, while that of the lead remains
about the same. The south wall has not yet
been reached. The men are therefore working
on the pure metal, the north wall being per-
fectly perpendicular. In consequence of this
fact, which is totally without a parallel in min-
ing history, there is but the smallest possible
expense incurred in removiug the ore — about
$1 per ton. About ten ions are taken out,
being hoisted up in baskets every twenty-four
hours. To work this quantity only four men
are required by day, and a relieving gang of
equal number by night. This ore, which is
piled in a storehouse, as at present mined,
yields $90 per ton of silver, $70 of lead, and
$11 of gold; a total of $171. The cost of smelt-
ing and separating is $20 per ton, so the profit
is $150 per ton. Another shaft has been sunk
almost as deep as the other, and they have a
four-foot vein. They have oat 125 tons of ore."
The Advertiser then gives us some figures, say-
ing $1,500 per day is pretty good profit, this what
they expect; "and this from a single shaft
only 25 feet down, without operating the drifts,
or lateral veins." Mining experience, how-
ever, has demonstrated that a fissure vein is
always without bottom. This vein is estimated
by geologists to extend in its general direction
twenty degrees east of north about six or seven
miles in length. Bearing this fact in mind,
the wealth to be reasonably expected from this
"find" can only be estimated by comparison.
The Comstock lode in Nevada, hitherto sup-
posed to be the richest silver mine in the
world, yields only $45 per ton on the average,
while that at Newburyport yields just double
that. The Mariposa mines, which were sold a
few years ago to a company for $10,000,000,
yielded only $15 per ton of silver. The Bel-
cher mines, in Colorado, which yield about $40
per ton, divided $900,000 among the stockhold-
ers as the profit of work during the month of
August, 1874. And these mines had not the
additional profits accruing from the produc-
tion of lead. A correspondent of the New
York Tribune describes she whole thing in
nearly the same language, and that experienced
Colorado and Nevada miners are going to work
them in the Spring.
All this reads like a pretty good joke to us,
of course, although they are evidently in
earnest there. It is no exaggeration, whatever,
to state that, in all probability, there are from
one to five ledges per day found on this coast
in different localities, but not more than one in
fifty amounts to so very much after all. The
"perpendicular foot wall which is without a
parallel in mining history," seems to be going
to help them out with the ore, in some way not
explained^ We Btrongly suspect moreover that
the "yield" spoken of is simply assay value,
and when greehoriw work the ore they will not
get even the 60 or 70 per cent, which we obtain
here. Any miner can tell what a difference
there is in an assay of specimens and average
yield of ore. A piece of ore from a mine may
assay $1,000 per ton and perhaps ten tons of
ore crushed just as it came Ironi the ledge may
not yield $100 for the whole ten tons. Any one
who knows anything about mining will admit
that this often happens. To get at any proper
figures of such values, a quantity of ore — sev-
eral tons — should be crushed, sampled by com-
petent persons, and several assays made. The
assays being averaged, if the ore then, will
assay $100 per ton they may be able to get from
$60 to $80 per ton from it, according to'the
class of ore. These men have probably taken
the best specimens for assay and build all their
calculations on the result.
The Transcript say b: " The Comstock lode, in .
Nevada hitherto supposed to be the richest
silver mine in the world, yields only $45 per
ton on the average, while that at Newburyport
yields just double. ' ' There is a nut to crack for
the Comstockers with their big bonanza. But
isn't it just a little rough to class the whole
ledge as yielding $45 per ton and take it for
granted that there is only one mine. We do
not know exactly how mauy mines there are on
the Comstock, but there are 103 of them in the
list of the stock boards in this city and prob-
ably several, hundred more locations not listed
on the boards. Consolidated Virginia and Cal-
ifornia have recently struck ore some speci-
mens of which assay as high as $8,000 and
$15,000 per ton, and is expected to average
$200 per ton. Mr. Dedeishelmer, the expert,
estimates that one pillar alone in Consolidated
Virginia will yield seventy millions, but the
Newburyport mine is expected to excel this.
The Ti-anscript putB the Belcher mine in
Colorado instead of on the Comstoek and adds
that with $40 rock it paid $900,000 in divi-
dends in August 1874. Now the Belcher mine
only paid $312,000 in dividends in August but
it has paid $3,504,000 in dividends during
1874, During the June quarter of the year it
hoisted 47,020 tons of ore which yielded
$3,599,892, an average of $80 per ton. The
Transcript thinks that the Belcher had not the
profit accruing from the additional product of
lead. We do not know anything they would
want less in the ore thau a quantity of lead.
The ore could not be milled and would have to
be smelted which, when fuel is as high as at
Virginia, would be very expensive. Our base
metal mines have not, as a general thing, been
very profitable ad yet.
While we cannot blame people ignorant of
such matters for getting excited over rock
which assays $171 per ton, it is to be hoped
that they will take the experience of other
people before putting any money into "mines"
of which they know nothing. Few practical
miners pay much attention to what ore from a
new ledge is supposed to yield, until they nee
what it actually yields under the stamps. The
property at Ne,wburypoi;t is already in litiga-
tion as the man from whom the land was first
bought ; ays it was obtained from him by fraud.
They may find a mine of some value there, but
that it will "rival the Comstock" is simply
nonsense. We have perhaps on this coast from
fifty to a hundred and fifty thousand miniDg
locations, and some of those on the Comstock
are ahead of all. A new mine here is a matter
of little moment and even this week we
chronicle in different parts of this paper eight
or ten new discoveries; but until they prove
themselves paying mines, but little attention is
paid to them except by tlie owners. We hope
our Eastern friends will go slow, and not base
calculations of wealth on the assay of a few
specimens without taking into consideration
average yield, cost of mining, working ore,
etc.
They have proved one thing however, which
beats us. They have proved, with a 25 ft shaft,
that their vein is a true fissure. And they
have also beaten us in finding ore which yields
52 per cent, lead, 27 per cent, copper, $1270 in
silver, $129 in gold, besides the pyrites, etc.
There must be very little gangue left to hold it
together.
The Nevada Transcript learns that the Pitts-
burgh mine, owned by County Treasurer San-
ford and Cook Brothers, on Deadman's Flat,
near Grass Valley, very rich rock has been
struck. Some of it panned out as high as $80
to the pan. The prospect is good for the de-
velopment of a first-class ledge there. Another
ledge has also been discovered at the same
place. Some men started in to work a few days
ago and found a ledge. They took out a lot of
quartz and had it crushed; it yielded them $7
per day to the hand.
The daily yield of ore during the past week
from the Crown Point mine has been 550 tons,
Belcher 450 tons, Consolidated Virginia 400
tons, Ophir 200 tons, Hale & Norcross 100 tons,
making a total daily product of 1,750 tons of
ore from the five leading Comstock mines.
"Rich strikes" are becoming remarkably fre-
quent in the State. It is not alone gold and
silver which is being brought to light in untold
millions, but precious metals and minerals of
all descriptions.
Az:l the mining claims in the vicinity of
North San Juan, Nevada county, have shut
down for want of water.
January 16, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
41
North Pacific Coast Railroad.
The opening of a new failroad is an impor-
ant event in almost any country, but in Cali-
fornia, where we have as yet bo few roads in
)peration, it is even more important than in
noat of the other States of the Union. The
3tate is so large, and oar watercourses and
ivera so few that railroads are more of a neces-
dty with ns than else where; and as the interior
s being rapidly settled up, railroads are being
projected and built more rapidly thau most
jeople suppose. The North Pacific Coast rail-
road, our principal narrow gauge road, was for-
nally opened on the 7th instant, being finished
is far as Toiuales, Marin county, 52 miles from
Saucelito. This company was incorporated in
1871, with a capital stock of $1,500,000 which
vas afterwards increased to $3,000,000. Being
i narrow gauge road the oost was very much
MS than would have been the case with a track
»f the ordinary width. From Saucelito to
tomales the distance is 52 miles, including a
)»nch track into San Rafael. The route
elected is as follows: Starting from deep water
A Saucelito, where the company have con.
ttructed a large and commodious wharf, and
lave located their machine shops and round
muses, it skirts for two miles the shore of
itichaidson's bay, thence crossing an arm of
he same by means of a substantial bridge 4,000
eet in length, now nearly completed. It passes
hrough Marin county via, the town of San
iafael, its county seat, to the head of Tomales
»y; thence skirting the shore of that bay to
he town of Tomales; thence passing from
darin to Sonoma county, and via. the towns of
falley Ford and Freestone, to the 'Russian
iver, along the south bunk of which the road
s located, to the point of crossing, about four
niles from its mouth. From this point it fol-
ows near the coast of the ocean to the mouth
>f the Walhalla river, a total distance of 115
milts, the point of oossing the Russian river
77 miles from Saucelito and 85 miles from
tan Francisco, and is the terminus of the first
tivision.
The rails of the track are 3 feet apart, and
he iron weighs 35 pounds to the yard. Very
lerious engineering difficulties were encoun-
tered, but these were overcome very success-
ally, at a moderate cost, with easy grades. The
righest grade coming from Tomales to San
?rancisco, which is in the direction of the larg-
tst traffic, is 80 feet to the mile; and in the op-
)Osite direction the highest grade is 120 feet to
he mile. Construction was begun iu 1872, and
lp to the present time $1,500,000 has been
apended. This includes the purchase of the
3nn Quentin ferry steamer, the "Clinton'i.and
he "Contra Costa," and an expenditure of
B70, 000 on the line beyond Tomales. Ona of
.he most formidable difficulties was the bridg-
ing of Richardson's bay. This structure is
4,000 feet long. So far there are three tunnels.
One of these at White's hill is 1250 feet long;
another, on this side of White's hill is 200 feet
long; and the third near Tomales is 130 feet
long. A barge has been built that will convey
18 cars from Saacelito to San Francisco, the
real terminus of the road. The present equip-
ment for traffic is six passenger and two baggage
oars, very neatly constructed by the Kimball
Carriage Company; four locomotives built at
Philadelphia by Baldwin & Furley, and seventy-
five freight cars with 50 more in course of con-
struction.
The country through which this road passes
is a fine one. Most of it is farming and dairy-
ing land, until the road reaches Russian river,
where it gets into a timber country. The dairy
produce from the Point Reyes and Olema sec-
tions can all be brought by this road, and the
dairying and farming interests of Tomales,
Freestone, Bloomfield and Bodega, will be great-
ly benefitted. The harbors up the coast are few
and unsafe, and it has been difficult to stop at
all times at Tomales. As a consequence farm-
ers about Blooomfield, and that vicinity, have
hauled their grain, potatoes, etc., to Petaluma,
which is 16 miles from Bloomfield, in prefer-
ence to hauling to Tomales and sending by sea
to this city. All through the section traversed
by this railroad they have been waiting
patiently for years for a railroad, and the farm-
ers are now naturally jubilant over its partial
completion.
It is expected that the road will pay a gross
income of "at least $400,000 a year after the first
12 months, and in 1876 they expect a net earn-
ing of $200,000, as a profit on the first division
of the road, which will have cost $1,700,000.
The culverts and bridges on the road are of a
very substantial character, and the piling in
Richardson's and earthworks at Tomales bay
have been done in first-rate order. The
ourves on the road are laid out in from 8 to 17
degrees, although there is one curve of 20
degrees. In the course of next summer some
changes will be made which will reduce a few
of the curves and shorten the road slightly.
The highest embankment on the road is 70 feet
high, and the deepest cut about 40 feet. The
depots at stations have not yet been built, but
will be during the summer. After the road
reaches Russian river it follows it to the coast
1 and thence runs up the edge of the redwoods
of North Sonoma county to Mendocino connty.
This is the ultimate destination of the road,
unless they see their way by that time to stretch
out for the northern counties. This summer
they will only attempt to reach Russian river,
and will be satisfied if they carry out their ex-
pectations of getting to KnowleBville by Octo-
ber.
Howard Schuyler's estimate, as Rtated in the
Post, of entire cost of the line to Knowlesville,
77 miles, including full equipment, was $1,848, -
600. The actual cost of the road to Tomales,
51 miles, making with the Sau Rafael branch 53
miles, and the present equipment, is less than
$1,400,000, the other $100,000 haying been
more than expended on earth work beyond To-
males, and the purchase of the San Quentin
ferry and steamers, which were not included in
his estimate. This is just $26,415 a mile, or
say, when the depots are erected and ballasting
finished, $27,000. Compared with the oost of
other roads in the State, which had no such en-
Quicksilver Mining in Mexico.
We have received, through the kindness of
the Mexiivu Consul in this city, the following
items relative to quicksilver mining in Mexico
from Antonio del Castillo, sub-director of the
School of Mines in Mexico.
Since the epoch of scarcity of quicksilver,
preceding the discovery of Guadalcazar and
New Almaden in 1840 and 1845 respectively,
this article had not reached its present price
of $200 per quintal in Mexico. Suspension of
mauy mills throughout the country is the na-
tural consequence. New and old deposits of
mercury are, however, being brought into
notice. Near San Felipe, State of Guanajuato
various deposits are being worked, whose
yield, however, oannot supply the demand
from the State. Near Guadalcazar, and
Charcos, State of San Luis Potosi, some veins
are yielding quicksilver, though not enough
CAROLINA PARROT.
gineering difficulties to contend with, this is a
most favorable showing.
Though no experiment, this is a sort of test
road, and if the average freight and traffic
reaches $8,000, or even $5,000 a mile per year,
it will settle the future gauge of all our local
lines. There are in this State hundreds of val-
leys which will furnish $5,000 a mile receipts
per annum. And in none of these could a
costly broad gauge be made to pay even five
per cent, interest per annum at any reasonable
tariff of charges.
Tee Stock Exchange has elected the follow-
ing officers for the ensuing year: James R.
Keene, President; Coll Dean, Vice President;
B. Howard Coit, Chairman; Henry Schmieden,
Treasurer; Franklin Lawton, Secretary; and
Thomas M. Blair, Sergeant-at-Arms.
J. P. Fsiendlet has tendered the Willamette
Valley and Coast railway a gift of ten acres of
ten acres of land adjoining Corvallis for the
use of the road as grounds for machine shops,
turn table, depot, etc.
The Salt Lake Herald thinks San Francisco
and Virginia should erect a mounment of silver
to Comstock, the discoverer of the Washoe
mines.
The Sutro tunnel is in 8,079 feet.
for the same State. In Zacatecas where there
exists great demand for quicksilver, one vein
has been discovered near Sainetro, though not
indicating great riohness.
In Durango there are extensive deposits
which have been abandoned for upwards of
two years, on account of the company's em-
barrassment and political difficulties. Some
poor miners still work around these old
workings and obtain a considerable amount of
quicksilver which is used by the mines of
Sinaloa. Rich specimens come in daily from
various sections of unexplored country, pro-
mising vast discoveries. At 40 leagues from
this city in Guerrero immense deposits have
just been discovered bearing two minerals; one
containing mercury, sulphur and autimony;
the other oxide of antimony, mercury and sili-
cate yielding 10 to 14 per cent, of quicksilver.
Furnaces are needed, the present earthen vases
being wholly insufficient. There is an old
mine near Pregones between Tasco and Za-
cualpan, 50 leagues from this capital, which
since the time of the Spaniards has yielded
rich cinnabar. Ore four inches wide yields 70
per cent, in clay containing 10 to 20 per cent,
in a well defined ledge connected with a silver-
bearing ledge.
By operating the 50 known deposits, Mexico
could produce 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 K>s. re-
quired for home consumption and probably
have some over for export.
The Carolina Parrot.
The Carolina parrot, or parrakeet, shown in
the accompanying cut, is the only one of the
two hundred species of its genus, which has
been found in the United States. It is restricted
to the warmer parts, rarely venturing north and
east of Virginia, though it visits much higher
latitudes in the West. But it is abundant in
the regions of its residence, namely, South
Carolina, Georgia, Florida.Alabama, Louisiana,
and along the Mississippi up to Kentucky.
These parrakeets are exceedingly annoying
to the farmers, not only in consuming, but iu
laying waste and destroying his grain in stacks
or standing in the field. They also lay waste
orchards of pear and apple trees, merely for the
seeds, and this often before the fruit is ripe,
when they consequently will not eat the Beeds.
They come in large numbers, and, though they
appear to be concerned for the slaughter of
their companions, they will not fly away from
the deadly weapon which is destroying them;
thus hundreds are often slain by the side of a
single stack of grain, which they had covered
sc densely as to appear like a vast green carpet
spread over it.
The roosting places of this species are in
hollow trees, and the holes excavated by the
larger species of wood-peokers. At duBk, a
flock may be seen alighting against the trunk
of a large sycamore or other'tree having a con-
siderable excavatien within it. Alighting on
the bark beneath the aperture, as mauy as can
crawl into it do so, and the rest attach them-
selves by claw and bill to the exterior, and here
repose throughout the night.
The flight of this bird is rapid and straight,
through the forest or over rivers and fields, ac-
companied by inclinations of the body, which
expose to view alternately the upper and under
parts. They deviate from a direct course only
when impediments occur, when they glide
gracefully aside and continue on. They keep
up a general cry when on the wing. They cir-
cle wide and high over a spot before alighting,
and move with facility upon the trees, often in
a sideling way; or hang in every imaginable
posture. On the greund they are awkward
and helpless. They are easily tamed, being
subdued by repeated immersions in water. But
as they cannot be educated to utter words, as
their screams are very discordant, and especially
as they are exceedingly destructive, they ought
not to be regarded as desirable pets.
Steel Shoes and Dies.
A correspondent of the Stock Report, at Vir-
ginia City, writes under date of the 2d:
Considerable interest is being taken among
mining men now in regard to the new steel
shoes and dies recently introduced by the Cast
Steel Shoe and Die company of San Francisco,
and I have been examining into it a little my!
self. I saw to-day a battery of five shoes und
dies sent to the Rhode Island mill. They were
put in on the 2d of December, and have been
inconstant use until to-day (31 days). The
shoes are worn less than one inch, and are
very even. The wearing of the dies is scarcely
perceptible. The forefnan thinks the shoes
will laBt four months yet. At a shop on C
street they have on exhibition a die made of
steel, which had been used at the Morgan mill
continually for four months, and which was
still in good condition, to appearances, for more
stamping. I visited the Morgan mill also, and
Superintendent Hanson informed me that he
had used two sets of steel shoes and dies, the
shoes lasting four months and the dies six. At
16 cents per pound for steel and 6% cents for
iron, he finds a great percentage in favor of
steel, not taking into consideration the great
gain in the increased crushing capacity, by rea-
son of the steel wearing more evenly. Mackey
& Fair have ordered a sample set for the Sao-
ramento mill, and if they prove successful
they will be introduced into every quartz mill
on the Comstock.
In view of the mines already discovered and
the strong presumption of other good mines in
this vicinity, says the Mendooino Dispatch, a
miners' meeting was held in Ukiah on Thursday
last, at which a code of laws to govern mining
in the district was adopted, and S. Wurtenberg
was elected Recorder.
A Snow Slide occurred near Alta City, Utah,
on the 11th inst., burying to the depth of 30
feet four ore teams, and it is feared that five
men were killed.
The Union gravel mining company have com-
pleted their tunnel to Kennebeck hill, Nevada
county, and are taking out gold in large quan-
tities.
The hydraulic works at the Yellow Jacket
quicksilver mine, Napa county, are in full
operation.
A rich strike has been made in the south
drift of the Consolidated Poe mine, at Peavine.
Iron ore has been found in the mountains
east of San Fernando, Los Angeles county.
Into claims to be the richest' mineral county
in California.
42
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 16, 1875.
San Francisco Microscopical Society.
The regular meeting of the San Francisco
Microscopical Society was held on Thursday
evening of last week.
The Secretary announced that additions to
the library had been made by the purchase of
two volumes of "British Diatomacese" and
"Beck's Treatise on the Achromatic Micros-
cope;" also, additions to the object cabinet by
purchase of 66 slides mounted with various
objects, comprising a series of the fatty acids,
bone sections, vegetable fibers, diatoms, many
miscellaneous objects, and one of J. D. Moller's
Diatom Type Plates. One of Nachet's prisms
for oblique light with high powers, was an-
nounced as bavktg been received, and its capa-
bilities were tested by Mr. Hyde with satisfac-
tory results.
Mr. H inks donated two slides mounted by
him with iodide of mercury , and some specimens
of topaz, from Durango, Mexico.
Dr. Blake donated a slide mounted with a
section of calcite, prepared by him from a
beautiful specimen which he exhibited.
Mr. Ewing donated two slides mounted wilh
spicules of Gorgonia, and section of spine of
echinus.
Dr. Harkness donated 18 slides mounted with
a fine variety of interesting objects which he
had received in exchange ftom microscopistsin
Providence, K. I.
Captain John H. Mortimer sent the Society,
through Mr. Kinne, a number of vials contain-
ing boilings of diatoms and other objects, from
18 different localities in various parts of the
world.
Mr. Kinne stated that he had examined the
contents and found most of them very rich in
varieties of diatoms, polycystina and fera-
minifera.
Dr. Thornton presented the Society with a
number of samples of soundings from Santa
Barbara channel.
Dr. Harkuess made some interesting state-
ments regarding the fungus found on the
scorched willows in San Mateo county, and
which he reported on at some length at pre-
vious meeting, to the effect that since then he
had forwarded the same to Professor Harlow,
of Cambridge, and he had identified it as
molaucomis stilbostoma — Tulasne. The Doctor
further stated, regarding the nostoc which he
had brought before the Society previously, that
it had not been identified at either Yale or
Harvard, and had been sent to Paris for the
opinion of the highest known authority.
The energy displayed in original investiga-
tion by many of the members of this Society is
attracting attention in other localities, and their
membership is increasing rapidly.
Several new proposals for resident member-
ship were received, and the following named
gentlemen were elected, having been proposed
at a previous meeting, viz.: Mr. Ed. F. Hall,
resident; Mr. Eugene Burgoyne, Paris, corres-
ponding; and Dr. H. W. Harkness, honorary
member.
The unanimous compliment bestowed on the
last named gentleman is a deserving one, the
members fully appreciating what he has done
as a corresponding member in tbe way of giving
them freely of what information he had ob-
tained in over twenty years' microscopical re-
search.
The Emma Mining Bubble.
For several years past the Little Emma
Mining company of Utah has been a by-word
in financial circles and a reproach to Americans,
finable to float the enterprise in this market,
its promoters went abroad, and in the London
market found people eager to jump at the bait.
High hopes were entertained, but they were
speedily dashed to the ground. The history of
the Emma mining scheme has been too often
related by Englishmen and no less indignant
but shrewd Americans, to need many words
here. What now remains to be told, however,
is the fact that the victims in England having
ccme to the conclusion that it was useless to
waste further effort in Umentations and denun-
ciation-*, have resolved upon a vigorous prose-
cution for tbe recovery of their money. With
this object in view, suits have been beeun on
both sides of the Atlantic. In Englanda peti-
tion has been filed for the purpose of winding
up the company. In this city, however, im-
portant . proceedings have bee i instituted
against the principals in the scheme. Upon
the installation of the present Board of Direc-
tors, a committee was appointed to come to
this country, inspect the property, investigate
the affairs of [he company, and take such ac-
tion as might be necessary to secure the rights
of the shareholders. General Gardiner, the
chairman of the company, and Mr. Turner, his
solicitor, undertook the investigation. They
came to this country, visited the mines at Utah,
and upon their return to New York ordered
Shipman, Barlow Larocque and Mucfarland to
begin a suit against Trenor W. Park, Senator
Stewart, of Nevada, and General Baxter for
$5,000,000. the complaint charging fraud and
conspiracy.
The law firm learning that Mr. Park, who is
the President' of the Panama Railroad, an*! the
promoter or owner of a new set of mines in
California, was on the point of leaving this city
for California, served a summons upon him to
answer, and acquired jurisdiction before he had
left the city. In -deference to Mr. Park's re-
quest, however, no further proceedings were
taken, as he wished to have his answer ready
for publication simultaneously with the com-
plaint. He has just reached San Francisco,
and it is expected that he will be absent only a
few weeks. Upon his return there will be
further proceedings.
General Gardiner and Solicitor Turner have
returned to England, where they .will report to
their constituents. The principal ground of
complaint on the part of the shareholders was
that they had been led to expect dividends of
from 70 to 80 per cent. They had only received
dividends of from 1 to 1% p^r cent, a month
for ten months, and the dividend for the last
two months of payment had been borrowed,
They complain that on the strength of the
promises of extraordinary dividends large sums
of money were obtained from confiding share-
holders.— N. T. Tribune, Dec. 2Qth.
Mining Operations in Calaveras County,
The Calaveras Gl&oniole says : A review of the
field of mining operations in this county devel-
ops a most" encouraging condition of tnat inte-
rest. In both quartz and gravel mining the
progress being made is wholly satisfactory, and
the outlook for the future is as promising as
could be desired. In the West Point, Mosquito,
Railroad Flat and Sheep Ranch districts a
greater number of ledges are being worked, more
men and capital are employed and more bul-
lion being produced than at any other time
since the inception of quartz mining. Increased
activity is also observable in other districts
throughout tbe country, and we are constantly
hearing of the inauguration of new enterprises.
The success attendant upon the extended ope-
rations at tbe Gwin mine, located on the great
mother lode of the country, has erystalized
faith in the permanency and value of our
quartz ledges, into certainty, and been the
means of redoubling exertions in their devel-
opment, The idea of a shaft being sunk a
thousand feet upon a quartz ledge in Calaveras
would have been sneered at a few years since,
and yet ore is being mined at that depth in the
Gwin, to day, and better than all that, the ope-
ration pays. By the prosecution of this great
industry employment is furnished, directly and
indirectly to a large number of hands, and a
quickening impulse given to other branches of
business. Leaving aside the principal fact that
quartz mining in this county is now more re-
munerative than formerly, the next feature in
importance is that the nap-hazard, unsyste-
matic style of prosecuting it is giving place to
a methodical well ordered manner of conduct-
ing operations. Quartz mining has ceased to
be regarded as entirely speculative in character.
Men engage in it the, same as in other legiti-
mate enterprises, with a full understanding that
it can be made successful only by a careful ob-
servance of the ordinary rules of business
life. A great deal of time and money has been
spent in ascertaining that fact, but the lesson is
well learned and its utility will be felt in the
future. Quartz mining in this county is yet in
its infancy, but it is an interest of sturdy
growth and is rapidly developing into one of
first importance.
Even greater progress is being made in gravel
than in quartz mining. In this vicinity, es-
pecially, tnat interest has revived wondertully
during the past two years, and we believe there
are more sluice-boxes set now than at any time
since water was first brought to Mok«lumne
hill. The reduction in the price of water, the
introduction of labor-saving appliances and the
knowledge gained by practical experience have
combined in vastly enlargitig the scope of
gravel mining and increasing ihe product of it.
Claims long since pronounced exhau>ted and
abandoned, as well as acres upon acres of
ground that the superficial prospecting of early
days failed to develop the richness of, are now
being energetically and profitably worked. The
substitution of gunpowder aud hydraulic pres-
sure for muscle in the wearing away of our
gravel banks has wrought a revolution in the
whole system of mining — a change that is tell-
in every day in the unparalleled development
of that interest. Aud yet the revivification of
gravel mining has but just commenced. There
are square miles of gold-bearing gravel fields
in this county that the hand of the miner has
not yet touched — repositories of wealth that
the key of enterprise can readily unlock. The
tuture of gravel mining in this county, judging
from the rapidly increasing importance of that
industry, is indeed promising and" encouraging.
But one county in the State — Nevada — now ex-
ceeds Calaveras in the production of its gravel
mines, and the day is not far distant when even
that solitary exception will not have to be
made.
No other section of the State offers so favor-
able opportunities for the investment of capital
in mining enterprises as Calaveras. This
couniy contains a very large area of mining
territory, and in consequence development has
been slower than in sections where the mineral
belt is confined to narrower limits. The county
is now just thoroughly prospected, a fact that
enables men of means to step in and make in-
vestments, based upon certainties which labor
alone is powerless to take advantage of. Mines
known to be valuable can be purchased cheap
because tbe owners have exhausted their means
in proving the worth of their property apd will
be forced to relinquish the prize when it is
almost within their grasp. Capital is master
of the situation, and can mane investments
upon its own terms. The field is certainly a
most inviting one, and it will be surprising if
men with money to put into mining enterprises
do not make Calaveras the theatre of their ven-
tures in the future.
The new hall of the miners of Ruby Hill was
dedicated on the 30th ult,
Quicksilver Production of Colusa County.
The quicksilver production of Colusa county
is rapidly rising into importance. Lying in a
Bouth west direction, and about thirty-five
miles distant from the town of Colusa are a
number of quicksilver mines in various stages
of development; a few of them are sufficiently
developed to prove them to be very valuable,
whilst others, though but little prospected,
show satisfactory indications of their future
-value. These mines are situated on Sulphur
creek, and in the hills bounding Bear valley on
the west. The Buckeye mine ranks first in the
amount of quicksilver produced. This mine
has been worked by the present owners for
about three years. It has yielded during the
last twelve months 520 flasks of quicksilver.
The mine was worked with ordiuary retorts
until about two months ago, when the company
completed one of Knox & Osborn's patent fur-
naces at a cost of $11,000, The furnace is now
running out quicksilver at the rate of eighty
flasks a month, and the production will soon be
increased to at least one hundred flasks a month.
The Abbott mine is another well known and
valuable mine. It has yielded a good deal of
quicksilver during the last five years though
until recently it has not been worked with reg-
ularity or system. Since the present company
took charge of tbe mine, about eight months
ago, it has been thoroughly opeoened, and a
large amount of fine ore taken out. A furnace,
Bimilar in all respects to that of the Buckeye,
has been erected upon the* mine, and has been
in successful operation for two or the months.
The Abbott had no reduction works upon it
before the completion of its furnace, but its
furnace has already yielded 125 flasks of quick-
silver, and is now producing about like the
Buckeye, with equally fair prospects for the
futute. The Elgin mine, with one small retort
upon it, has produced, within the last five
months, sixty flasks of quicksilver. The mine
is being constancy worked now, and is very
promising. The Manzauita mine has no reduc-
tion works.
It has, however, been worked for several
years, and considerable quantities of very fine
or* have been taken from it and reduced else-
where. Duriog the last twelve months it has
produced considerable quicksilver, but we are
not informed as to the number of flasks. So
with four or five other mines in the immediate
vicinity. Good ores have been taken from them
in large or small, quantities, aud they have all
produced some quicksilver, but we are mt ad-
vised as to the quantity. On the Bear Valley
range tbe Turner mine is conspicuous. A fur-
nace has been erected upon this mine and is
now about ready to receive ore. A large quan-
tity of good ore has been taken out and is
now awaiting reduction. The mine, we are
told, is very promising. "We thus have for the
year's production of quicksilver in Colusa
county, 705 flasks as the total amount. We
may prob bly add to this amount 45 flasks as
the production of the several other mines above
mentioned, which are not credited with the spe-
cific quantity of quicksilver taken from each
during the year— making, in all, 750 flasks as
the total production for the year. This is cer-
tainly a showing for a mining district t at was
unknown outside of he immediate vicinity six
months ago, and for a mining district that is as
yet almost wholly unprospected. Our quick-
silver mines are beginning now to attract con
siderable attention, and they will probably pre-
sent a very different appearance twelve months
hence. Intelligent gentlemen, well acquainted
with cinnabar ores, have lately visited our
mines, and have expressed, the opinion that we
have one of the richest quicksilver regions in
the State. It certainly presents a fine field for
enterprising men and capitalists. — Colusa Sun.
The new 60-stamp mill of the Virginia Con-
solidated Mining company was started up on
Thursday evening for a trial of the machinery.
Another mill of the same size will be com-
menced for the California mine. The Ophir
company will also follow suit with a big mill,
and next the Sierra Nevada with a 60-stamper>
Encouraging. — It may be an encouraging
fact to some one to know that Ezra Corvel, the
late philanthropist milliona ire, was so
poor at one period of his life that the lucky
finding of a (New York) shilling in the street
once prevented his going dinnerless.
Tall and bulky people require more sleep
than thin people. In a state of health, the
amount of sleep required to restore nervous
energy averages from six to eight hours. Sleep
on the right side, and eat nothing heavy be-
fore retiring.
Jas. Tylee, of Tyler's ranch, about midway
between Lakeport and Cloverdale, has discov-
ered a well-defined ledge of gold-bearing quartz
on the ridge that divides the waters of Russian
river and Clear lake.
The mining excitement at Varyville contin-
ues at fever heat; several new ledges have been
discovered and located within the past week,
and the hills are full of hardy miners hunting
for more.
During the month of December 3,143 car-
loads of ore, aggregating 23,000 tons were
shipped over the railroad from the Oomstock
The Helena (Montana) Indedendent claims
that the mines of Montana now produce a much
larger percentage of precious metals per capita
tlian any other mining region in the wor)d.
[Business Notice.]
Mining and Scientific Press,
A VALUABLE WEEKLY FOR
Miners. Mechanics and Manufacturers
on the Pacific Coast.
Volume XXX of this first-class, standard
journal commences with the year 1875. Its
proprietors, having the successful experience
of ten yearB publication of the Press, have no
hesitation in saying that for the ensuing year
the paper shall, in keeping with the times,
reach a higher mark of merit than ever before.
"With our own printing press, folding ma-
chine,
Able Editors, Correspondents,
And skilled workmen in different departments
of our now extensive and growing establish-
ment, we mean to print a journal throughout
the year, which all citizens, whether patrons
or not, may be proud of seeing published and
supported on this side of the continent.
No kindred journal in America furnishes
more real
Fresh, Novel, Interesting Information
In its volumes than the Mining and Scientific
Pbess. "We have the
Largest Mining Field in the World
To report from. It embraces the largest variety
of mines and mining; methods of working; and
910 ui numerous wonderful discoveries than any
other section of the globe. It is the birth place
of many of the
Latest and Best Inventions in Gold,
Silver and Labor Saving,
"With brief, reliable, well chosen and prepared
editorials; varied and condensed correspond-
ence and selections; tables and statistics ar-
ranged for ready reference,
Superior Illustrations,
Of local and gerjeral interest to its readers, it
forms a weekly jonrnal of individual character
and unrivalled worth to its intelligent and in-
dustrial Patrons at home and abroad. It is the
Leading Mining Journal of America,
And in its practical, interesting and substantial
make up, it is unrivalled by any mining or
mechanical journal in the world.
Home Manufactures and Home Inven-
tions
Will be constantly encouraged. Both help to
build up the brain and material wealth of the
country. They are kindred to our individual
enterprise. Our interests are mutual with all
home artizans and producers. Where on the
face of the globe do inventors and Manufac-
turers either need or deserve more encourage-
ment?
Its Value to the Community,
In disseminating importaut information; dissi-
pating false notions; checking expensive follies;
instigating important enterprises; by wise coun-
sel and scientific direction, enrich: ng the rewards
of honest labor, we are annually saving and
adding
Millions of Dollars
To the products of our country. The Press
has already
A Large Circulation,
And is deserving of more universal patronage
from those whose interests it specially repre-
sents. This sparsely populated portion of the
Union is a difficult one for publishers to pre-
sent the claim of their journal in to all who
should subscribe. In these times of seemingly
cheap (but largely, trashy and worthless) jour-
nalism, it is desirable and proper that those
who know the real merits of a faithful journal
should
Speak and Act in its Favor.
"We shall not spare our efforts to make sound
and improved issues, maintaining constantly
the rights of all, and forwarding the material
and intellectual rights of our patrons, and of
our sturdy, progressive community.
Necessarily, scientific and mining publica-
tions generally are costly and high priced, but
considering the size, character and location of
our publication, our rates are favorable for so
valuable a print.
We invite correspondence from all sections.
Subscriptions, payable in advance, $4 a year.
Single copies, postpaid, 10 cents.
Address, DEWEY & CO-,
Publishers, No. 224 Sansome St., S. F,
5 January i6, 1875J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
43
DEWEY & CO
American and Foreign
fatcirt
No. ««^ £)ansiome Ht-
SAN FRANCISCO,
Patents Obtained Promptly.
Caveats Filed Expeditiously.
Patent Reissues Taken Out.
Patents Secured in Foreign Lands.
iasignments Made and Recorded in Legal Form.
3opies of Patents and Assignments Prooured.
Summations of Patents made here and at
Washington.
Examinations made of Assignments Recorded
in Washington.
jjCxaminations Ordered and Reported by Tble-
obapu.
Interferences Prosecuted.
)pinious Rendered regarding the Validity o!
Patents and Assignments.
Rejected Cases taken up and Patents Obtained
Svery Legitimate Branch of Patent Agency Bus
iness promptly and thoroughly conducted.
SKND FOB ClBCDTiAB.
'opulation of the U. S,— Census of 1870
Uabania 996,
Lrkansas 484
Jalifornia 5t>0
Jonnecticut 5U7
)elaware
'lorida , .187
Jeorgia 1.184
llinois 2,539
ndiana 1,
owa 1,191
Eansae 364,
Eentucfey 1,321
Louisiana 726.
Ilaino 626,
ItassachusottS 1,457
aichigan 1,184
tfaryland 780,
Minnesota 439,'
lisssisippi 827,
ilissourl 1,721
Nebraska 122
fevada 42,
Jew Hampshire 318,:
tfew Jersey 906,
few York 4,382
Uorth Carolina 1,071
)bio 2,665
Oregon 90,923
Pt-niisylvania 3,521,791
Rbode Island 217.353
South Carolina 705,606
Tennessee 1.258,520
Texas 818,579
Vermont. w 3)0,551
Virginia 1,225,163
West Virginia 442,014
Wisconsin 1,054,670
Total..
38,113,253
Territories.
Arizona 9,658
Colorado 39 ,864
Dakota 14,181
District Columbia. ..131,700
Idaho 14,999
Montana 20,595
New Mexico 91,874
Utah 86,786
Washington 23,955
Wyoming 9,118
Total 442,780
Grand Total 38,555,983
Population of Some Foreign Countries, :
Which Dewey & Co. Obtain Patents
and Protection for Inventors.
Janada .3,537,887
Jreat Britain 31,187,108
france 36,583,559
ielglum 4,839.094
■■russia 24,043.902
Luatria & Hnng'y.35,943,1
luasia 77,268,858
Ipain 16,031,267
■taly 25,906,937
Iweeden 4,195,681
RNorway 1,701,478
'froland 5,317,362
(Denmark 1,726,724
Baden 1.434
Bavaria ,4,824
Portugal 8,996
Saxony 2,423
Hanover 385,
Wurtemburg 1.778
Brazil 11,780
Chili 2,000
Peru 2,500.
N.Grenada 2,794
India 191,000,
Australia 1,500,
N.Zealand 326
IjFroiseth's New Sectional, Topographical
and Mineral
MAP OF UTAH.
Size, 40 bi 56 Inches; Scale, 8 Miles to an Inch.
|| Handsomely engraved on Btone, colored in counties
kind mounted on cloth, showing the Counties, Towns,
Ptivera, LakeB, Railroads, Mines and Mining Districts
(throughout the Territory, and all Govebnmbnt Suhvetb
made to date. Price, mounted, $8; Pocket form, $5.
— ALSO—
New Mining- Map of TTtah,
(Showing the boundaries of the principal mining dis-
ltrlcts, some 30 in number, adjacent to Salt Lake Olty.
(Price, pocket form, $2.50.
— ALSO—
(Froiseth's New Map of Little Cottonwood
Mining- District and "Vicinity
(Showing the location of some 400 mines and tunnel
(sites, together with the mines surveyed for U, S. Pat-
lent. Price $3. . For sale and mailed to any part of the
(globe, ou receipt of price, by A. L. BANCROFT h CO.,
A. ROMAN & CO., and LeCOUNT BROS. & MANSUR,
|San Francisco. 10v25-tf
TWELVE C#LUMNS OF PRICES EVERY WEEK.
SAN FRANCISCO
JOURNAL OF COMMERCE
— AND—
Weekly Price Current.
NO MERCHANT SHOULD BE WITHOUT IT.
W. H. MTTBBAT, Btulness Mauneer.
414 Clay Street.
RELIABLE REVIEWS OF THE MARKETS.
New Inventions 1
Of real merit, if brought plainly before the publio
When fresh, are most likely to become profitable to the
patentee. For this reason, patentees (of worthy de-
vices) Bhould have the best of Engravings Made, and
published in the Pbess. Superior Engravings Made,
At reasonable rates, by arti sts Is this office- bp-tf
banking.
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
No- 41 Second street. - - - Sacramento
ACCUMULATED FUND, NEARLY
#i,«so,ooo.oo.
f 100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with the Oali-
furaia State Department as security for
Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND 8TANFORD President
J. H. CARROLL. Vice-President
JOS. CRACKBON Secretary
All Policies issued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, are exempt from execution by the Jaws of Cal-
fornia. THE ONLY STATE IN THE UNION that pro-
vides for this exemption.
•^"Policies issued by this Company arc non-forfeita-
ble, and all profits are divided among the injured.
Policies may be made payable in Gold or Currency
as the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive Committee :
Lrland Stanford, J. H. Cabboll,
IIodt. Hamilton, Samuel Lavenson,
Jas. Caeolan.
SCHBEIBER & HOWELL,
ARE YOU GOING
TO PAINT ?
THEN TTSE THE BEST.
THE AVER1LL CHEMICAL PAINT
WTLLLA.RT THREE TIMES AS LONG as the best lead
and oil, without CHALKING; is of any desired color.
It is prepared for Immediate application, requiring no
Oil, Thinner or Drier, aud does not spoil by standing
any length of time. It iB equally as good for inside as
ontside work; over old work as well as new; Infant,
where an> paint can be used the AVERILL CHEMICAL
PAINT will be found superior to any other. Any one
can apply it who can use a brush, which truly makes It
the FARMER'S FRIEND.
IT IS JUST THE PAINT FOR THE AGE.
IT IS SOLD BY THE GALLON ONLY.
One gallon covers 20 square yards 2 coats.
For further Information Bend for sample card and
price list.
MANUTAOTTTRED BT
The California Chemical Paint Company.
TYLER BEACH, Pres't. M. 0. JEWELL, Seo-y.
Office— Corner Fourth and Townsend streets, San
Francisco. 16v7-eow-bp-3m
TX-2!>-eow-bp-3in
General Agent-*, Sacramento.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Seligrnan & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $5,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, $1,500,000.
Remainder subject to call.
Diukctoicr in London— Hon. Hugh McOulloch, Reuben
D. Saflsoon, William b\ Scnolfield, Isaac SeliEman, Julias
Sinnton.
Managers:
F. F. LOW and IONATZ STEINHAKT,
San Fuanoisco.
The Bank is now prepared to open aocounts, receive de-
Eoaits, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and issue
ettera of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on proper securities. 2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAM FRANCISCO.
Capital, One Million Dollars.
O. W. KELLOGQ President.
H. P. HA8TING3 Manager.
K. N. VAS BRUNT OaBhjer.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street, San Franclaco.
Kototse Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, npor
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings' and Loan Society,
ill Bush street, above Kearny 8AN FRANCISCO
4v27tf Or. MAHE, Director.
uu$ipe$? birectory.
.7 ILK H H. GHAT.
JAHBff K. HAVBS.
G-RAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. K. corner Oal
'orniaanr Leidesdorff streets,
<UN FRANPTSn<">
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street.
. W, corner Sacramento.
:Vu i instruments made, repaired and adjusted
JOSEPH GILLOTTS
STEEL PBWa
Sold by all DpalerB throughout the World.
19v26-ly
WM. BAHTLIMG.
USHBT KIMBALL.
BARTLING & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Eiders and Blank Book Manufacturers.
SOS Clay street, {southwest cor. Sansome),
15vl2-Sm SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents; Judge S.
Heyaenfeldt or H, H. Haight, 0T2>3m
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entire
by machinery. Material the best in use; constructio
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Oob
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, B.TTSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Oor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
Self-Fastening
Bad-Spring.
"We manufacture all Bizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
ble Bed Spring in use. It is adapted to upholstered or
Bkeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make the .celebrated Obermann Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make his own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER, & SILSBY,
Uv28-eow-bo-3m 147 New Montgomery St., S. F
SANBORN & BYRNES,
(py
sBST '^&=^
ps^ — —
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All, kinds of ^talr
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten PinB, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and deBcribed.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find the work valuable far beyond
itB cost Published by- Dewey & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press.
Price, post paid, $1.
IVOINri^RXGIL OIL.
140 Degrees Eire Test, for Family Use.
OWNERS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
attention is particularly called to this beautiful and
safe Illuminating 0m. Its use is urgently recom-
mended by the New York Fire Commissioners and In-
surance Companies. For sale to the trade in lots to
suit. A. HAYWARD, 224 Oaliferoia St.
19v28-3m
BETTER THAN MINING STOCK.
A valuable Patent for sale. No objection to taking
real estate in part payment. Residence, Washington
street on the levee, P.O., Sacramento.
Jan2- bp-tf
O. A. DAVIS,
(detalllifgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTER8 OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington Btreet, SAN FRANOISOO
Wo would call the special attention of Aftaayerfl
OhemlRta, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
.Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these BupplieB sines
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast
»9- Our Oold and Bllver Tables, showing tho value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of aBsayB in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25.tf JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stun. I Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the moBt perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of thflir merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows-.
Tho pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces.
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quichsi 1 ver.
The curved plates again draw it to the center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until .the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Hill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San FrancinoA
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
X. N. RIOTTE,
C. A. I/TJCKftARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODGr£RS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MEBCHANTH
JLDPA.NCJBS HAftI
Oh all klnda or Oral, and purtlcnlnr uttentlov
PAID TO
COMUOXUEHTH OF ODOM.
4vlS-Sm
LEOPOLD KTJH,
(Formerly of the U. 8. Branch Mint, B. F.)
Assayer uiitl Wletallnrsfioa}
CHEMT8T,
No. <I1 1 Gom'me rclnl Street,
(Opposite the U . S. Branch Mint
Saw Fbanotsoo Oal. 7v2i-*tm
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
"Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and ABsayers, Rooms il and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Anah siB of
Ores. Min«rnl WnterR Etc fti 2R-Sni
San Francisco cordage Company.
Established 1866.
"We have just added a large iininnt of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on handalarge stock of Manila Rope, all sizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
de20 611 and G13 Front street. San Francisco.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues. Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 &24 Fremont St., S. F.
m6-m2
Buy Real Estate while at Low Rates.
NINE WATER-FRONT LOTS, CHEAP,
On Gift Map 4,
Forming ahout half of a block fronting on the broad
ship channel of iBlais Creek; will be sold so low as to
make it an inducement to the bnyer. Inquire for the
owner at this office, hptf
44
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 16, 1875.
Grain Elevators.
For shipping grain in bulk on this coast,
"whereby an immense sum can be saved to our
producers, we need elevators to handle the
grain from cars and schooners to ocean ships.
Consequently, we are happy to notice that Mr.
Chase, of Illinois, is now at the Cosmopolitan
hotel, in this city, with plans to show what
can be done in this line to cheapen our wheat
transportation. The El Paso Journal, HI.,
give the following concerning the success of
his elevators elsewhere:
The new system of grain elevation, by Henry
I. Chase & Co., of Peoria, to which we have
often called attention in these columns, is a
great success; so much so that it promises to
drive the other elevators out of the market.
A new house of 600,000 bushels capacity is now
going up in Chicago. The parties in Kansas
City, Mo., who have just finished theirs, speak
in high terms of it, and wherever it has been
introduced it gives the most perfect satisfac-
tion. Its main points are: First — Economy.
It costs about half an old-style elevator. Sec-
ond— Simplicity. It contains little machinery,
and can be run with one quarter of the force.
Third — Safety. It inbuilt on the ground, so
that neither the tornados of the prairies nor the
earthquakes of the mountains can shake it.
We have seen a great many parties wh,o have
witnessed its workings, and we never saw any-
one yet who was not*perfectly satisfied with it
in every particular. Cheap, strong, simple,
durable; it is destined to revolutionize the
present system of grain handling in the W es
General News Items.
The Black Hills. — The avaricious gold-
seekers who had defiantly pushed their way
into the Black- Hills country in spite of the
warnings and prohibitions of the Government
have been driven out by the cavalry under Capt.
Henry. This is a disagreeable climate in the
winter — an Iceland compared with the gold and
silver fields of California. Let the expelled
miners turn their steps to California, and they
will find richer mining than will ever be de-
veloped east of the Kooky Mountains, in a
climate unequalled even in sunny Italy, with
abundance of game to satisfy all their sporting
desires, together with the more substantial food
and necessaries of life while mining. We may
remark in this connection that recent dis-
closures at Washington, seem to indicate that
the gold reports from the Black Hills have been
an artifice in favor of a country through which
interested parties desire to build the Northern
Pacific Railroad.
The Bribery Investigation. — The commit-
tee having this matter in hand have traced
$750,000 to the very doors of Congress, where
it disappears in the hands of men who refuse
to tell what became of it. Under theBe circum-
stances it is impossible to avoid the conclusion
that some of it found its way into the pockets
of members; and this conclusion brings into
suspicion every member who labored or voted
for the subsidy. The great mass of members
cannot afford to rest under such suspicion.
They must insist upon a full disclosure from
those into whose httnds the money has been
traced, whatever the consequences may be.
The order of the speaker confining Irwin to
the common jail, and indicating the commence-
ment of legal proceedings whiuh will continue
hia confinement after the expiration of Con-
gress, is a step which bides no good to any
one either directly or indirectly connected with
this disgraceful transaction.
The New Cubbenct Bill. — The bill for the
resumption of specie payment which has just
passed both Houses of Congress, provides:
First — A. redemption of legal tenders, and of
resumption of specie payments four years
hence, on the 1st of January, 1879.
Second — Free bankinc, in the widest sense of
• an unlimited issue of National Bank currency.
Third — A withdrawal of 80 per cent, of the
amount issued in new bank currency from the
volnme of greenbacks, until the amount of
$300,000,000 for United States notes is reached.
Fourth — A substitution of small silver coin
for fractional currency.
Fifth — An abolition of the mint charge.
Killed by a Field Roller. — A severe and
perhaps fatal accident occui red to Mr. Campea,
of Borden, on the 4th inst. He was engaged
in rolling his land, and some part of the wood-
work of the rolling machine on which he was
riding gave way, and he was precipitated to the
earth in front of the roller, which passed over
his body, crushing and mangling him in a fear-
ful manner. The roller weighed 1,500 pounds.
The Fibst Detention. — The first severe
storm and cold weather during the winter oc-
curred on Saturday night along the Union Pa-
cific railroad. The thermometer marked 16
degrees below zero at Omaha, aud 26 below at
Cheyenne. The westward bound Union Pacific
train was eleven hours late at Green River on
Saturday evening.
Coming to America. — It is said that Emillo
Castellar the eminent statesman and Repub-
lican leader of Spain is coming to this country.
He will meet with a warm reception here.
Spain, under its present regime can have but
little attraction for him — even if he could re-
main there with safety to his person.
Reotpbooitt. with Hawaii. — Dispatches from
Washington say that if the negotiators act
promptly in settling up the details of the
Hawaiian reciprocity treaty upon such a gen-
eral character as is understood to be contem-
plated, there is no doubt of its prompt ratifica-
tion by the Senate.
Scott's Railroad Bill. — Efforts are being
made in Congress to have Tom Scott's bill
amended so as to connect the Texas Pacific
railroad with the Central Pacific railroad at
at Fort Yuma, and thus leave the latter undis-
puted control of the great route with Cali-
fornia.
Accidents at the Palaoe Hotel. — Several
accidents occurred to workmen by falling from
beams and scaffoldings at the Palace hotel
during the past week. One of the natural
results of building too high.
The Healdsburg Flag states that a fire oc-
curred in Point Arena Thursday last, which
destroyed Lyman's hotel, McMullen's saloon,
Shoemake's saloon, and a house belonging to
Iverson.
Railroad Fares in Nevada. — A bill has been
introduced in the Nevada Legislature for regu-
lating railroad fares and freight tariff in that
State. A lively discussion may be expected
Bank Notes Bubned.— Nearly $400,000 in
new National bank notes were destroyed by the
burning of a postal car on Thursday of last
week on the Potomac railroad.
The big bear that killed Berry near Sierra
valley a few weeks since was dispatched last
Thursday by a party of hunters. Bruin weighed
800 pounds.
Thbee men were burned to death by the des-
truction by fire of the Western Hotel at Sacra-
mento on Saturday last.
Agricultural Items.
Angoea Goats. — The Watsonville Pajaronian
learns that E. R. Marsh, of Sau Francisco, has
recently invested $27,000 in Angora goats; also,
Win. Hall, of San Jose, lately purchased a lot
at $11,480; and C. S. -Abbott, Flint, Bixby &
Co., and B. Boswell have bought up all the
stock of the Guadalupe Island company, except
about 300 shares, and the stock held by Lan-
drum & Rodgers. These men represent several
million dollars, and mean business in goat
raising. We may note in this connection that
Landrum & Rodgers, of Watsonville. will, dur-
ing the next two months, ship about 3,000
pounds of mohair to Philadelphia.
The Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Associ-
ation on Thursday elected the following officers
for 1875: Pre^ideut, W. C. Wilson; Vice-Pres-
idents, Cyrus Jones and Jessie D. Carr; Secre-
tary, Givens George; Treasurer, C. T. Ryland;
Directors, William O'Donnell and S. J. Jami-
In the foothills of Fresno county grass and
volunteer grain is so forward that it would now
make good hay. A gentleman informs the Ex-
positor that he cut bay on his ranch on the last
day of the year, but he couldn't cure it for the
want of sun.
The Lakeport Bee is informed that the to-
bacco crop planted near Guenoc last year by
A. A. Ritchie has proved successful. The crop
has been cut and saved, and will be cured the
corning spring.
In the vicinity of Santa Barbara, a farmer
last year rained over 60,000 pounds of Florida
tobacco on 30 acres of land. He has sold the
same at 40 cents per pound for Eastern ship-
ment.
It is reported that in Yuba county the cherry
buds are much swollen, and that the frost has
nipped a good portion of the crop.
The next annual fair of the Santa Clara Val-
ley Agricultural Society will be held the week
following the close of the State Fair.
The continued dry weather has seriously in-
jured the volunteer potatoes growing near
School House tation.
Patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Bjspobts fob the Mining and Scien-
tific Pbesb, DEWEY & CO., Publishers and
TJ. 8. and Fobeiqn Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Dated "Washing-ton,
D. C, Jan. 12th, 1875.
Foe Week Ending Deo. 29th, 1874.*
Almond Geateb. — Julius Leroy, S. F., Oal.
Fbuit Deieb. — William S. Plummer, S. F.
• Cal.
Hay Peess.— John Wiley, San Andrea], Cal.
*The patents are not ready for delivery by tee
Patent Office until some 14 days after the date of issue.
Note.— Copies of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by .Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and in the shortest time possible.
Woodwabd's Gabdens embraces an Aquariam, Mu-
seum, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses
menagerie Seal Ponds, and Skating Rink.
Industrial Items.
Mantjpactoeies at the South. — It is said
that the cotton factories recently established at
the South are the best paying industrial insti-
tutions in the country. They have proved
that the fabric could be worked to more pe-
cuniary benefit where it was grown than in
tlhose portions of the country generally known
as the manufacturing districts. An important
point, this, for California capitalists.
Boston Enteepeise. — Boston is showing
much enterprise in further pushing out her
iron arms for the trade of the West. A special
committee of the Massachusetts Legislature is
now examining the terminal facilities of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company, for the
purpose of legislative action in making South
Boston fiats the terminus of a through railroad
line from the West to that seaboard.
Tunneling the Niagara. -A plan for tunneling'
the Niagara river at Buffalo has been prepared
by William Wallace, an engineer of that city,
who estimates the cost at about §1,500, 000.
Ship building at Vallejo is proving a great
success. A fine schooner was launched on
Saturday last for which $32,000 has already
been offered.
The Palace hotel will formally open about
tlte 1st of September next. A hundred miles
of telegraph wire are in use to connect the
rooms with the office.
A joint stock company has constructed
Bkating rink at Winnemucca. Perhaps, how
ever, this may not be considered an industrial
item.
Sueveyoes are at work on the survey of the
proposed narrow gauge railroad from Pesca-
dero to Pigeon Point. J
The Sacramento sugarie has just erected a
large two-story building for a distillery and
potash factory.
The proprietors of the Marysville foundry
will soon establish a branch establishment at
Ghico.
The California Chemical Paint company has
increased its stock from $150,000 to $2,000,-
000.
A box factory has been' Btarted at Nevada
Qity.
Tempting Death.— Every man or woman afflicted
with a cough or cold, which he or she takes no meas-
ures to arrest, is tempting death. There is not a drug
store in the laud where Hale's Honey of fforehound and
Tar may not be procured, and there is no ailment of
the lunge or throat tending to consumption or bron-
chitis, which it is not competent to cure. Do not suffer
cold to accumulate on cold, but arrest the first symp-
toms of pulmonary disease, and tone and invigorate
the breathing organs with this wonderful remedy.
Pike's Tooth-Ache Drops — Oure in one minute.
METALS.
Wednesday m., Jan. 13, 1875.
The only change given is in Quicksilver, far which
see table below.
American Pig Iron, ^ ton @ 46 00
Scoi-cd Pig Iron.# ton 42 00 Iffl 46 DO
White Pie, $ ton Si 46 00
Oregon Pig, % ton ... @ 46 00
Refined Bar, bad assortment, ^ D> tat — 3 '-.
Refined Bur, Rood assortment, "£ lb (a, ~ 4
Boiler, No. 1 to 4 @— 5%
Plate, No. 5to9 lai — 5&
Sheet, No. 10 to 15 @— b'i
Sheet. No. 14 to 20 § — 5S
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 — 08 @ — 09
Horse Shoes, per keg 7 50 tat 8 00
Nail Rod — 10 @
Norway Iron — 9 (Si
Rolledlron .' — 6 «§
Other IronB for BlaokBmithB, Minora, eto. & — 4%
OOPPEB.—
Braziers' — 31 @ — 32
Copper Tin'd — 45 @
O.Niel'BPat — 50 @
Sheathing, j} lb @ — 24
Sheathing, Yellow a — 25
Sheathing, Old Yellow.. ® — 12>*
Oorrposition Nail 3 — 24 @
Composition Bolts — 24 @
Tin Plates.—
Plates, Charcoal, IX $ box 13 00 (5)15(0
Plates, I.OOharooal 13 00 @ 14 50
Roofing Plates 12 50 @ 15 00
Banca Ti n, Slabs, # lb . .. — 32f^@ - 33
Steel.— English Oast, $ lb — 20 (§ — 25
Anderson A Woods' American Cast @ — 16Jfj
Drill (5 — 16,1*
Flat Bar — 18 j§ — 2?
Plow Steel — 9 (5T— 10
Zing @ — 11
Zinc, Sheet — <a — 11^
Nails— Assorted sizes 4 25 @ 8 00
Quickbilveb. per ft — — (fi| 1 50
LEATHER.
Wednesday m., Jan. 13, 1875.
This commodity remains steady and the figures are
unchanged from those of Iaet week's report.
City Tanned Leatner, # lb...'. 26@29
Santa Ornz Leather, %J lb 26@29
Country Leather, % ft 24328
Stockton Leather, ?4 ft 25@29
Jodot. 8 Kil., perdoz J50 00@ 54 00
Jodot. 11 to 19 Kil., perdoz 66 00@ 90 00
Jodot, second ohoice, 11 to 16 Kil. ^ doz 55 00@ 72 00
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 OOfa) 67 00
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 «3 00@ 67 1)0
Cornellian Females. 14 to- 16 Kil 71 iiO® 76 5f
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00® 63 «0
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 una. 72 '0
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00(4 75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,% doz 61 00@ 63 i'U
Simon, 20 KiL & doz 65 00(3 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. V doz 72 00® 74 00
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 00
fc-rench KipB, $ ft 1 00® 1 15
California Kip, $ doz 40 00®) P H)
French Sheep, all colors, ^ doz 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Calf for Backs, $ ft 100® 126
Sheep Roans for Topping, all oolors, $ doz. ... 9 0U@ 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, 3S doz 5 50® 10 50
California RoBsett Sheep Linings..... 1 75® 4 50
Best Jodot Calf Boot LegB, $pair 5 00® 5 25
Good Fronoh Calf Boot Legs, $ pair ;. 4 00® 4 75
French Calf Boot Lbrb.$ pair 4 00@
HarneBB Leather, "$ ft 30(0) 37»*
Fair Bridle Leather, <& doz 48 00® 72 00
Skirting Leather,^ ft 33® 37k
Welt Leather, » doz 30 00® 50 0o
Baff Leather, $ foot 17®
Wax Side Leather, * foot 17®
Eastern Wax Leather -O™
J. D. Yost, Sao Francisco. H. S. Crockeb, Sacramento
H. S. CE00KER & 00.,
IMPORTING STATIONERS
General Job Printers.
401 and 403 Sansome St., S.IF.
PABTIOULAB ATTENTION PAID TO
Manufacture of Blank Books.
BANK AND INSURANCE WORK
A SPECIALTY.
23v8-3m-16p
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Es;tba Heavy and Impeoved Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO-r
Mantjfactubeb.
LATHES, PLANERS, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
GUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F.
Ayer's Sarsaparilla,
FOB PURIFYING THE BLOOD.
This compound of the
vegetable alteratives, Sarsa-
parilla, Dock, Stillingia and
Mandrake with the Iodides
of Potassium and Iron
makes a most effectual cure
of a series of complaints
which are very prevalent
and afflicting. It purifies
the blood, purges out the
lurking humors in the system, that undermine health
and settle into troublesome disorders. Eruptions of
the skin are the appearance on the surface of humors
that should be expelled from the blood. Internal de-
rangements are the determination of these same humors
to some internal organ, or orgaus, whose action they
derange, and whose substance they disease and destroy.
Ateb's SarsapabilIiA expels theBe humors from the
blood. "When they are gone, the disorders they produce
disappear, such as Ulcerations of the Liver, Stomach,
Kidneys, Lungs, Eruptions and Eruptive Diseases of the
Skin, St. Anthony's Fire, Rose or Erysipelas, Pimples,
Pustules, Blotches, Boils, Tumors, Tetter and Salt
Rheum, Scald Head, Ringworm, Ulcers and Sores,
Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Pain in the Bones, Side and
Heaa, Female "Weakness, Sterility, Leucorrhtea arising
from internal ulceration and uterine disease, Dropsy,
Dyspepsia, Emaciation and General Debility. With
their departure health returnB.
PREPARED BY
DR. J. C AYEB & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
8^" Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CBANE & BRIGHAM, "Wholesale Agents
jyll-sa
SAN FRANCISCO.
PA CIFIC MA CH/NERY DEPOT
H.P.GREGORY
wSOLE AGENT FOR THE
'WHEELS
SAN FRANCISCO
January 16, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
45
7000 IN USE X
ADAPTED TO EVERY SITUATION
■t2<?/fr-J//Y 73' /
:CED.P. BLAKS MFC CO.
H. P. GREGORY,
Sole Agent for tho Pacific Coast, Enipiro Warehouse,
finale street, near Market, Han Francisco, Ou I .
REMOVAL.
Pacific Lamp Manufactory.
2fe «KpXffrQX>"&*
19v27-eow-16p
banking and ripapcial.
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
irorrcctcd Weekly by oharlks Sotbo A Co.]
Sa* Fbancihco. Thuhbday. Jan. 14. 1875.
Legal Tkndkuh in s. F., Ua. *.,89 to89'»
GOLD HutH, Shi). Silver Baku, a i>or rent discount,
Mexican Dollars, ISand 1 nor com. discount.
Exchange on S.Y., 6-10 per C«nr. |.n-miuni fnr gold;
Currency, lb per cent un London— Bankers 49V Com-
mercial, SO. PatV, S franco per dollar.
LojfDOK— Conaola. 92.S to STJS; Bonds, 90Tii; Liverpool
Wb« tftt. 7,1. to 10-. 6d. *
yinoxsiLVKB ia S. F., by the flawfe, per ft. $1.50
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Pioneer Land and Loan Association.
Bank of 8avingsand DepoBit. No 405 California Street,
Opposite Bank of Ctliiornia. Incorporated, 1869.
Guarantee Fund, 1200,000/ The Eightieth Dividend
will be paid on the fith of February. DopositR in Gold,
Silver and U. S. Currency received, and intercut paid in
the ttame. Certiflcaten of Deposit and Pass Books is-
sued, payable at ten days' notice, bearing ten per cent,
per annum. Ordinary Deposits, payable without no-
tice, nine per cent, per annum. Term Deposits receive
twelve per cent. Reports can be obtained at tho Bank.
This incorporation 18 in its seventh year, and refers
to over two thousand and one hundred depositors for
its economical anil successful management, thereby
securing the full amount of interest earned. No charge
for entrance fees or pass books. Bank open from 9
a. m. to 5 r. m. On Saturday evenings until 9.
Money to loan ou approved securities.
First-clasn Fire and Burglar-Proof Vaults for the safe-
keeping of Treasure, Special Deposits and TruBt Funds,
Bonds, Silverplate, etc.
H. KOFAHL, Cashier.
THOS. GRAY, President.
.7. (J. DUNCAN, Secretary. 3-v29-3m
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
California Savings and Loan Society.
512 California Street, San Francisco, have declared a
dividend of nine and Bix-tenths (9 (1-10) per cent, per
annum on Term Deposit* and eight |8) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the half year ending
3lBt December, 1874, free from Federal Tax, and paya-
ble on and after Wednesday, Oth January, 1875. By
order,
3-v29-lm D. B. CHISHOLM, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
San Francisco Savings Union, 532
California Street, Cor. Webb, for the half year ending
with December 31st, 1874, a dividend has been declared
at the rate of nine (9) per cent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (7!$) per cent, on Or-
dinary Deposits, free of Federal Tax, payable on and
after January 13th, 1875. By order,
3-v29-lm LOVELL WHITE, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Bank of the Western Savings and
TruBt Co., San Francisco, Jan. 4th, 1875. Depositors'
Dividend — The Directors of this Corporation have this
day declared the semi-annual dividend, at the rate of
ten (10) per cent, per annum on Term Deposits and
eight (8) per cent, on Ordinary Deposits, payable on
and after January 10th, 1875, at the office of the Bank,
northeast corner of Post and Kearny streets.
F. CLAY,
Vice-President and Cashier.
H. J. BOOTH, President. 3-v9-lm
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of
SAVINGS have declared a Dividend for the half year
ending December 31, 1874, at the rate of ten per cent,
per annum on term, eight per cent, per annum on class
one ordinary, and six per cent per annum on class two
ordinary deposits, payable on and after January 15th,
1875. By order G. M. CONDER, Cashier.
3v9-lm-bp
GOLDEN STATE IRON WORKS.
(CO-OPEBATITE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
Manttfacturb
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST TN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &.a.
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
BtandinRly, parties about to erect Reduction Worjis as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
BETTER THAN MINING STOCK.
A valuable Patent for sale. No objection to taking
reol estate in part payment. Residence, Washington
street on the levee, P.O., Sacramento,
jan2 bp-tf
O. A. DAVIS
AND EXPENSES.
Men and Women Wanted
TO SELL OTJB
KIN Gr IRON.
Pour Complete Irons in one. Circulars
and terms sent free. Address S- M. WOODS,
No- 205 Sansome Street, S. F.
>t?~State, County and Town rights for sale.
NIMROD BATJL8IH.
EICHAUD C. HANSON.
Riohaed G. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
IMPOBXEB9 OP ALL KINDS OF
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum Vitas for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
Near Market, ..... ban francibco.
Mining and Other Companies.
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company-
Location of principal place of buxlness, Sun Fran-
cisco, California. Location of works, Central Hill,
Calaveras County, California,
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, [No. •!,)
levied on the 7th day of December, 1874, the several
iHU'.iintH aet opposite tho names of the respective
share holders, aB follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
W H Knight, trustee 9
W a Knight, trustee 61
CHStover 18
OH btov.r 16
0 H Siover n
C H H"t,lVer 17
Q H Bok QV 8
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 7th day of December,
1874, so many shares of each parcel of such Btocfe un
may be imcehsary will be st>ld at public auction at the
office of the Company, 321 Battery street, San Francisco
Cal. , ou Monday, tbu twenty-tilth day of January. 1875,
at 12 o'clock, m, to pay delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
ABKAU SHEAR, Secretary.
Office, 321 Battery street, San Francisco, California,
(office of U. 8. Internal Revenue Collector.)
Postponement. — The date of payment of assessment
on the above described stock is ueierred until Monday,
February 1st, 1875. ABRAM SHEAR, Secretary,
1875
103 75
1875
9.1 70
500
25 00
500
35 oil
500
25 110
375
18 75
750
37 50
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San FraticiBCo, Cal-
fornia. Location of works, Soquel, Santa Cruz County,
California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 23d day of December. IB?4, an as-
sessment of Five Dollars per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, 314 California street, San Francisco, Ual.
Any stock upon which this assessment snail remain un-
paid on the Jl st day of January, 1875. will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless
Jay men t is made before, will be sold on the 21st day of
'ebruary, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS i-RANCONI, Secretary.
Offioe, No. 314 California street, San Franciaou, Cal.
Electric Mining Company— Location of
Principal placeof business, San Francisco, Oal.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, lev-
ied on the twenty-eighth day of November, 1874, the
several amountB set opposite the names of the respec-
tive shareholders, as IoIIowb:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Geo Hasen 301
OJRader 303
C JRader 324
OJRader 330
OJRader 331
C J Rader 332
T B Wingard Trustee 322
T B Wingard Trustee 326
TJB Wingard Trustee 347
J BHoughton 90
J B Houghton 91
J BHoughton 392
J B Houghton 202
J BHoughton 314
Wm R McCaw 348
John Mullen 158
aw Malone 56
GW Malone 87
GW Malone 58
G W Malone 59
GW Malone... 60
G W Malone 177
G W Malone 206
G W Terrill 51
M Ellsworth 178
G W Mullen Trustee... 04
GWMullinTrustee 604
Mrb Annie Woods 76
Mrs Annie Woods 131
Mrs Annie Woods 280
Mrs Annie Woods 303
Mrs Annie Woods 318
Mrs Annie Woods 346
Herbert Eastwood 102
Herbert Eastwood 224
E Wolleb, Trustee 105
E Wolleb, Trustee 113
E Wolleb, Truotea 114
E Wolleb, Trustee 115
E Wolleb, Trustee 11G
E Wolleb, Trustee 117
EWi lleb, Trustee ....118
U Wolleb, Trustee 119
E Wolleb, Trustee 121
E Wolleb, Tru tee 122
E Wolleb, Trustee 123
E Wolleb, Trustee 124
E Wolleb, Trustee 294
OWClayes 145
Joseph White 154
Joseph White 155
Joseph White 255
Louisa Thompson 239
Henrietta Grant 240
Wm. H. Sharp 163
Wm H Sharp .• 241
M. G. Rader 317
J. B.Weston 183
J. B.Wewton 308
J. W. Wesson 257
J. W. Wesson 313
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 28th day of November,
1874, so many shares of each parcel of said Stock as
may be necessary, will be solu at public auction at the
salesroom of Maurice Dore k Co., No. 326 Pine Btreet,
San Francisco, on the 26th day of January, 1875, at the
hour of 12 o'clock, M. of said day, to pay said delinquent
assessment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of the Bale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California Btreet, S. F.
300
15 00
160
7 60
1060
53 00
300
15 00
100
5 00
1200
60 00
50
2 60
100
5 00
2825
141 25
50
2 50
25
1 25
11
2 05
%
2!$c
475
23 75
150
7 50
750
37 60
50
2 50
50
2 60
50
2 50
SO
2 50
50
2 50
1000
50 00
187
9 35
609
25 00
50
2 60
100
5 00
150
7 611
100
5 00
600
25 00
550
27 60
147
7 35
300
15 00
tee
30 00
50
2 60
7
85
25
1 25
100
5 00
100
6 00
100
5 00
100
5 00
100
6 0C
100
6 00
100
5 00
60
2 60
100
5 00
100
6 00
50
2 5G
138
6 9C
500
25 00
250
12 6C
250
12 60
75
3 75
60
3 0C
60
3 0C
100
5 00
15 •
75
1700
85 00
75
3 75
25
1 ->5
175
8 75
125
6 26
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
Eanv. Principal place of business, City and Uounby of
an Francisco, St. on of California. Location of works,
Cherry Ureek Mining District, White Pine Oounty, Ne-
vada.
Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 2d day of January, 1875. an assess-
ment o:* twenty cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco,
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
onid on the 8th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on Monday the first das
of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with cosis of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MILLIKIN, Secretary.
Office— Room H. No. 302 Montgomery street. S. F.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of works, Lower Rancherie. Amador County. ' al.
Notice is hereby Riven, that at a meeting of the Board of
Trustees of said Company held on the 4th day of January,
L875, an assessment of twenty-five cents per share was
levied upon the capital stock of said Company, payable
immediately, in United States gold coin, to tne Secretary,
at 116 Leidesdorff street
Any stacs: upon whioh this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 6th day of February. 1875, shall be deemed
de.limi.uent, and will be duly advertised for sale at public
auction, and unless payment shall be made before, will
be acid on Saturday, the 11m day uf February, .875. to
pay the delinquent assessment t itfcther with costs of
advertlawfl and exponas of sale. By order of the Board
of Trustees.
W. AUGS. KNAPP. Secretary.
Office,— 116 Leldi'^dortf street, San Francisco.
'Golden Rule"" Silver Mining Company —
Location of principal place of business, ban tran-
cIhco, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described htock, on account of assessment levied
on the Mtb day of December, 1874, the several amounts
set opposite the names of tho respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
J Werthelmer.TruBtee 1 2ft fl 30
J Wertheimur, Trustee 2 25 1 26
J Wertbeiuier. Trustee 3 26 125
J Werthelmer, Trustee 4 25 I 25
John P .landers, Trustee.. .. 8-50 2 50
A Meyer, Trustee lti 6 23
F A Bortd , Trustee 17 25 125
John P Sanders, Trustee ... .22 100 6 Ou
John P Sanders, TrUKtee 28 1U0 5 Oil
Jacob Suustatt, Trustee. ...,81 20 1 ou
Jacob bui. stat t, Trubtee 41 40 2 00
Wm Small. Trustee 42 100 6 0U
A Meyor, Trustee 68 100 6 19
A Meyer, Trustee 69 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 60 100 6 OU
A Meyer, Trustee 61 100 5 t.w
A Meyer, Trustee 62 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 63 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 64 1U0 6 00
A Meyer. Trustee 65 1C0 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 66 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 07 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee. ...unissued 11625 581 25
FUri, Trustee unissued 3375 168 76
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 15th day of De-
cember, 1874, so many shares of each parcel of said
stock as may be necessary, will be sold at public auc-
tion in front of the office of said Company, 530 Clay
street, San Francisco, on the 16th day of February, 1875,
at the hour of 2 o'clock, p. M., of said day, to pay
delinquent assessments thereon, together with costB
of advertising and expenses of sale.
K. WERTHEIMER, Secretary.
Office. 530 01 ay street, San Francisco, Cal.
Manhattan Marble Company of California.
Location of principal place of business. San Francisco
California, Location of works, Oakland, Alameda
County/State of California.
Notice ia hereby given, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 8th day of January, 1875, an assessment,
(No. 6) of two dollars per share was levied upon the cap-
ital stock of tbe corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold com, to the Secretary of the company,
at hie office. Nob. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
Any stock up<>n which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 20th day of February. 1875, shall be deemed
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment ia made before, will be sold on Saturday,
tbe 13tn dav of Maich, 1875, at 12 o'clock m., to pay the de-
linquent assessment, together with costs of advertising
ana expenses of sale.
Office— Nos 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
Martin & Walling Mill and Mining Com-
pany. Location of principal place of busness, San
Francisco, Oal.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described Btock, on account of assessment levied on
tbe seventh day of December, 1874, the several amounts
set opposite the nameB of tbe respective shareholders
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Carnell, Richard 50 100 $60 00
Cox, A P 42 60 25 00
Cox, A P 48 100 60 00
Finck, George 63 100 60 00
Finck, George 64 , 75 37 50
Gately.M 44 1876 937 60
Gately, M 45 60 15 00
Gately, M 51 100 50 00
Hudgln, John D 11 50 26 00
Hudgin, John D 12 100 50 00
Hudgin, John D 13 100 60 00
Hudgin, JohnD 14 1*0 60 00
Hudgin, John D 16 100 , 50 00
Hudgin, JohnD.... 16 100 50 00
Hudgin, John D 17 100 50 00
Hudgin, John D 18 100 60 00
Hudgin, JohnD .' 19 100 60 00
Hudgin. John D 20 100 50 00
Hudgin. JohnD 21 100 60 00
Rapp, Charles 61 25 12 60
Turnock, Joseph 65 26 12 60
Tripp, J W 46 100 60 00
Tripp, J W 66 30 15 00
Whalen, John 65 900 460 00
Whalen, John. 69 50 25 00
Whalen, John 60 100 50 00
Williams, Robert F 9 1000 500 00
Wililams, Robert F 22 100 60 00
Williams, Robert F 26 100 60 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of tho
Board of Directors, made on tbe 7th day of December,
1874, s« il any shares of each parcel of said Btock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company, 408 California street, room 16.
San Francisco, Oal., on the. 23d cay of January, 1876, at
the hour of 12 o'clock, M, of said day, to pay Baid de-
linquent assessment thereon, together with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, 408 California street, room 16, San Francisco,
California.
Orleans Mining Company— Location of
principal place of business San Francisco, Oal. Loca-
tion of works, Grass Vailey Township, Nevada Oounty,
Oal.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Trus-
tees held on the ith day of January, 1875. an assessment
(No. 2) of one dollar ($1) per share was levied upon the
capital stock of tbe corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room 8, Jlft California street, San Fran-
cisco, Oal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 9th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unles* pay-
men 1 is made before, will ne sold on TvesUity, the 2d
day of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of Bale.
J. F. NESMITH, Secretary.
Office-Room B, No. 315 California street, S. F.
Page Tunnel Company.— Location of
Erincipal place of business, San Francisco. California,
ocation of work-*, Big Cottonwood District, Salt Lake
County. Utiih.
Notice is hereby (riven, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on ttffi 12th daV of December, 1874, an assess-
ment of five cents per share was levied upon the capital
stock of the corporation, payable immediately in Uoirod
[states gold coin, to tbe Secretary, ai the office of the
Company, Room 2, No. 408 California street, San Francisco
California. ,,
Any stock upon which this assessment snail remain un-
paid on the 20th day of January, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unk-s- pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on the 20th day of Feb-
ruary, 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costB of advertising and expenses .of sale.
JACOB HARDY, Secretary.
Office, Room 2, No. 408 California street, San Francisco,
California. dco!9-4t
46
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 16, 1875,
jviipipg (lachiiiery.
the:
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific tests by JameB Emerson, showing the following
useful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, U 60.08; H 69.64; % 78.73
X 82.53; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83. H.
Mr. Emerson Bays: " These are the best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine "Wheel
in ray experience."
A Bplendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furniBhedon application to
TBEADWEIiL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific StateB and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
TEATS' PATENT FUrtWACE
For Roasting, Desulphurizing, Chloridizing
and Oxidizing Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other oreB, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
use. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in leBS
time, with.less fuel, ealt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is bo constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the poiB-
onoue chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine of breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mininq and Scientific Pbebs, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars address
TEATS & BREED,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, &c, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QU^IT-TZ
Made by our improved pro-
oesa. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
H, which are I
M unequalled
MILLS,
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BXJILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, BoilerB
and Shafting, and general Mining Machinery in [all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orderB promply filled.
MOEET & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N; Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28.1y
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Eock Drill ComDany.
—aiAMUFACTURERB OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIE COMPEESSOBS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for IBlasting, Putnam la-
^chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PABKE «fc LACT,
310 California St.. S. F.
1 V
■H a
00 o
2 ft
o
£ si
M -
2 co
S 3-
s aa
I?-?
sE'd
4.
3H
tH d sh 2 S5 2 a S ° Q 2
5 o o bcoNcos,Svl'^£
sSjBslg.^a'gS&i
r"s-?»ssf'5sg&-:
if l*E?it? I il'
is*
Cc 0
5' 5'
,1 c c- ■- 7. 1; J-
*feMH
W»0O r-
ai-njiit-OHh-
IMHIOOI-'KKIOICI
W-C.l."
Fl W IO ■ OUHUlOO
nccsocoiMo- ub'jctivj
EAGLE IMPROVED CHL0RINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1873.)
its j&a
The Cheapest and Most effective Furnace now in use
Parties desirous of building above furnace, or for any
information on same, addresB,
I. T. TVTTT .LIKEN,
a31 No. 302 Montgomery St., room No. 14, S. F.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
ThiB machine1, complete, weighs 1.500 Idb. Has an iron
riiuie, live steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike 2.0tt) blows per mimue, 111 a mortar provided
with screens on both sides, and crushes pine 606 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been*
thoroughly tested, and it) guaranteed to give goud satis-
faction. PRICE, $000.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf 315 California street, San Francisco,
Stamp Mill For Sale at Ophir Canon,
Nye County, Nevada. Midway between Austin and
Belmont, belonging to the Twin River Consolidated
Mining Ooa A complete mill, comprising twenty(20)
8001b stamps, (dry-crush inc) with Rock Breaker, Pans,
Settlers, and entire outfit of milling appliances;
together with an excellent engine (18x42) , two tubular
boilers and all requisite shafting, gearing, belting, &c;
vaaluable lot of Sierra Nevada timber in Battery
frames and building. The whole is offered cheap. For
further information applv to J A3. D. HAGUE,
17v28-3m 240 Montgomery St., S, F
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
& SULPHURIC ACID MANUFACTURERS.
For sale or to lease the LEVIATHAN COPPER MINE,
in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallio copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 16 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations, realized $30,-
000 for Bluestone. In sight, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons 16 percent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day-, which may be extended indefinitely. Cost of ex-
traction, $2. There is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, Impregnated with 26 per cent, pure
sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantageous
terms will be offered. For further particulars apply to
Leurs Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine county, Cal.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND -POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest Btate of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v26-lf
[Machinery.
Pacific Machinery Depot !
H. P. GREGORY,
Empire Warehouse,
Beale street, near iVEti-rltet,
San Francisco, Cal.
Sole Agent for Pacific Coa6t for
J. A. Fay & Co's Woodworking1 Machinery,
Blake's Patent Steam Pumps, Tanite
Co's Emery Wheels and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co's Machin-
ists' Tools, Edson's Recording
Steam Gauge, Triumph Fire
Extinguisher.
Also on hand and for Sale:
STTJRTEVANT'S BLOWERS AND EXHAUST FANS/
JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS' WIRE ROPE, PURE
OAK TANNED " LEATHER BELTING, PEBIN'S
FRENCH BAND SAW BLADES, PLANER
XNINES, NATHAN Sl DREYFUS GLASS .
OILERS, AND MILL AND MINING SUP-
PLIES OF ALL KINDS.
P. 0- Box 168.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizeB— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining PumpB, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
JOv27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Str«et,
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has been very lately well proven by per-
forming- a job of dredging- at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
There 1b but this one machine that has ever had these
improvements employed. It is an old machine, for-
merly built for another device, and is unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet this first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of eighty-
five cubic yards in sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation {supported by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references will be given on appli-
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
Company) Having resolved not to seU any rights
unless upon a basis of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
is warranting the capacity of the machine by actual
work :
I will enter into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and Bell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific CoaBt for
$2u,0G0, warranting the machine to dredge Bix cubic
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the cost of building the
machine, scowb, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to aBk nothing for my patents unless my machine
dredges more than six cubic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in case (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a bcow at the rate of more than six cubic yards per
minute, then $10,000 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every Buch additional cubic yard
tbuB dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is to be added to said price above stated.
I will sell any other Territorial or State rights (either
United States or Foreign) upon the Bame plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with bcows and all com-
plete, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above stated, but will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubic yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
Payments to be made in U.S. gold coin on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
Address, JOHN" A. BALL,
9v28-tf Oakland.
January 16, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
47
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co- Machinery Depot, San Francisco.
Tbu CaUFokma PlaNKI. AND Mvivmn in got-
ten up from new patterns specially for this
Coast. It hu Cant st.-t-i si-.-ttt-a Cyllndt r Bead,
running Id pat.- in telf oiling boxes; Matcher
BplndjWl tJSu Of the beat cant tttwl. The U earn
are all prc-tvctwl with Iron cover*. Will plane
'.'l In. wi>le ami 6 in. thick, and tongue and
groove 14 in. wide. Will make rustic
and otir-k nutters, or heavy mouldings, etc., and
la the beat Job Machine ever built
WWr have alwayM on hand a larg« assort-
uii at ol Planing siiii Haobinery, all of the latest
InipriivtiiiH'utM, Including I'Imihth, Moulding.
Morticing and Tenoning Uaohlnea, itaud and Jig
8awa, &c, d:c. Send for Catalogues and prices.
TREADWELL & CO.,
19-eow-tf San Francisco.
Adjustable Saw Guage
Foot Power
inipiovBa c>a.w Arbors.
2M3&X.-V,
Jisr Saws-
Improved Baud Saws.
uLJL_JL_IL_fL_IU
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Iron ajid Machine tork&.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 128 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
E>. I. CURRY.
Late Foreman o< the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFA0TDBEK8 OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAJL. BOILER.
SHEET IKON WORK of every description done
■t the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17v25.3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL *1,00U,0IX>.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAN FHANOISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stations, y ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light aud heavy OastingB at lowest
prices. Cams aud Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Jesse Holladay, 0. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOOUE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vl7-qy
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MXOCJFiOTOHkCHS Or
STKA.M ENGINES,
£aartz, Flovur and. ©aw Mills,
tyea' Improved Steum Pump, Krodle'a Im-
proved Crusher, Mlnlnu Pomps,
,A mnl|fitm«.farir and all L.1 nd*
of Machinery,
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fremont streets, above How.
■treet. Baa Francisco, • 3-Q.Y
Joseph Moore,
Win. N orris,
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 2GTH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Fhanctbco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Man generally:
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
jl increase in our orders, our Fit'sburg Manufacturers
_,^Jritfr'[j!!if have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce the coBt of r-teel and at the
Banie 1 1 mi' produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are n>»t capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dieb are in Ur-e in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Ooast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound Their advantages over iron are cheapneBB on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increa"e3 value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and cblppingB, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It tabes 60 days to fill orderB
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal,
with dimensions, to
J 75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days
.{SjjSjpH ^^ from the manufactory East. Price
^ — ~~~^ pound shipped at San Francisco. Term
gteam himp?.
PARKE & LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
AddreBS all orders.
CAST STEEL SHOE & DTE CO., Boom 1, Academy Buildingr.S- E-
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAI>.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROvsl
— AMD —
Every Variety ol SsSnatftings,
Embracing ALL SIZES f
■St -mn bout Shafts, Crunk a, Piston and Com.
i nectlng; Rodi,Ourand Locomotive Axles
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IltON
Of every description and slzft
<&- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY. P. O. box 2032. San Francisco, Oal„ will r«-
ccive prompt, attention.
oir The highest price paid for Sorap Iron.
SHEET IRON PIPE.
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTUM
PIPE, of any Bine and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the leaBt amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Oar Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Care. These small wheels are made
of the beBt Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box— introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlaBt any othei
wheels made in this State.
»y All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAHOrAOTDSBBfl OP
STEAM ENGINES, BOILEBft
Dunbar's Patent Self- Adjusting Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kind* of Mlnlnif Machinery.
front Street* between N and O streets,
gAOBAUXNTO OlTY.
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
OCCIDENTAL FOUNDRY,
137 and 130 First Btreet SAN PRANOISO O
STEIGER & BOLAUD,
IK03V POUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepbujcn Rolling Pan
aud Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for BurninR
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. 31. Screw Bolt Works.
MA2TOFAOTUBEB8 OF ATiI, KINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 15 and 17 Drnmm Street, San Franoisco. 4v241j
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
tim. 1JW5 First street, opposite Allnna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all kudb of Brass, Composition. Zinc, and Babbit tM eta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes. Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hinges.Ship and Steamboat Bollsana
Gongsof superiortone. Ail klndsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tiona of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
as- PRICES MODERATE. -€»
J. H '"FFH. V. rTTNCWWI.T,
G. W. PlU.SCOTT.
I
W. R. Eckabt.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE, ____-__-- OAL.
PBESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
lloisinc Machinery, Saw mid Grist Mill Irons, Honse
Fronts. Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v'2rMy
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO..
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating' s Sauk Printing; Presses,
The Economy Htdkaulic Hoist fok Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet. Howard and Folsom, San Francisco
Machinery and CasfcinorH of* nil Mnrta.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILER MAKERS
AND GENERAL, MACHINISTS,
Howard fit., between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
THEODORE BALXENBEROr.
MACHINIST,
and Maker of ModelB for Inventora. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small Gears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and In thy
best' manner. No. 32 Fremont Btreet, S. F. 1Qv2H-Atv
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO, OAL.
JOHN L. HEALTJ, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills. Stationary
and Portable Steam Engines, Pumps, etc. Boilers
built and repaired, and all kinds of Iron and Brass
Castings furnished at Bhort notice.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOT/NDBY,
12H and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard.
San Frsncisco.
UttHT AM> HEAVY CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. ( 2*vl8or
THE SELDEN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkabla
degree. ItB partB are easy of access, and it iBadapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumpn are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
—ALSO —
STEAM. GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
k, WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CARE PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
10v28-ly 48 Courtland Street , New York
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
«i. &. ill. BABNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nob. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond Btreet,
Philadelphia, Fa.
Sold toy all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Ooast. 18v26.1y
Brittan, Holbreok & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals. Tinners' Goods. Tnols and Machines;
111 and 11- California St., 17 and 19 uavio St., San tfran-
oieoo. and 178 J St. Sacramento. mr.-Iy
48
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January iG, 1875.J
(A
O
o
m
0 "g
0 eS
21 Hi tunm^mm
THE "HOADLEY" PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE.
*sUh 1* If ^s .assess all
iWi
'-:-. ~- a
m.p
P
(A s
U
§ .=
"S - ^ Mo m" « * £ £ a a "S B, 0 „ ». . . --: - - -
" — T S JS _ 3 ES »
: ft O ft « 5 a-
& .2 % g * & e * 5 .2 1 s w
*sj
r^oo—S^Po gfcntac
3 £3,!
^^fS ft£^ ~
g §1 atlg &I.s ISs =-£S3ift-i.&S
ii
Tlie above cuts represent the new style "HOADLEY" variable cutoff 16 Horse-Power Portable Engine. We have same etyle and Fize mounted 0*
whi-els ne a Threshing Engine for the Kutsell End-shake Separator. We have all sizes from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES need-
no recommendation from us. We have sold them in California for 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The last great improve-
ment is the Cut-off Governor, thus giving them all the economy and increased power of the most thorough built stationary engine.
B^Millmen, Mine-owneYs and Mininsr Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of thti
" HOADLEY " before purchasing. Circulars and prices sent free on appplicatiou. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
Eandol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
Fot Description see Mining and Scientific Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS.
MADE OF 'WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Pbess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IKON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Pbebs, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-eow-3m F. FIEDLER, New Almaden, CeA
G-IANT POWDEE..
Patented May 3rt. 1868.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDEB, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GtXAlVT POWDER, ISO. S9
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the tune
required for black powder.
iff- The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v92-3m1flT> ; General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
STURTEVANT
BLOWERS &
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H.P.GREGORY
SAN FRANCISCO
PAGWC MACti/tiERY DEPOT
H P GREGORY
SOLE AGENT
FITCHBUR6 MACHINE Cos
MACH I MISTS'
SAN FRANCISCO
THE PACIFIC
REDUCTION WORKS.
GUIDO KUSTEL,
Superintendent.
WILIi PURCHASE GOLD AND SILVER BEARING ORES, CUPERIFEROTJS SILVER)
ORES, SOLD SULPHURETS, ETC., AT THE HIGHEST RATES, OR WORK
THE SAME. FOR ACCOUNT OF OWNERS.
Office, 310 Front Street, (*mv Francisco.
4v29-6m-16p-
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874.
HASKfWS
^EMI-PORTABL,^.,
I 5
° 7)
9 w m
at—1
a a _
_s £ r
£ °
> S o
* 8 ©
S-ft >
2 CD
5 3.
•09 CO
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The highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fuir in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines-
PACIFIC MACHV DEPOT
GUARANTEED PURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
BELTING
HP GREGORY
■-■■,"■.■- SAN FRANCISCO
MAGAZINES.
P. An.
W. E. L00MIS,
News Dealer
AND STATIONER,
8. E. corner of Sansomc r.nd
Washington streets,
flUPPLrES ALL
Eastern Perodicals
BY THE
Year, Month, or Numb
EI r*S
$4 00
3 00
5.00
6 00
15 00
Literary Album
Lrmdon Society.
AH the Year Round ..
N. W. SPAULDINQ,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Noa. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market
MANTJFAOTUBEB OP
SPAULDING'J*
Patent Tooth Circular Saws
They have proved to be the most dn able and economi
cal Saws in the Wond.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respeot
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
Miners write for your paper.
W. T. GAEBATT.
CITY A
Brass and Bell Founder, £»
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets
HANTTTACTUJIEHS OF
Brass, Zino and Anti-Priction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
T 1TEKN AND LAND BELLS, GO\ti»
FIRE ENGINE3, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Oocb
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repairer
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Ooj
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, 0
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AN
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fa
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all size
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manunv
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
«^-HigheBt Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, CO]
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
An Illustrated
BY I>KWKA' »%t CO.
Patonl Soltcltm'H,
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. JANUARY 23, 1875,
VOLUME 2KXX
Number 4.
Improved Pinking Iron.
This is ad ingenious arid handy substitute
for the oU-fashiound sinkiug iron, or one
under which the cloth is usually laid and the
cutting done by pounding on the end of the
tool with a hammer.
The present invention is nothing more than
two cutting blades, of any desired form, at-
tached to levers which are jointed like pincers
and are operated like scissors. The upper
blade does the cutting, and the lower one is
made to correspond to it in shape, having its
edge m ade, however, by beveling one side
only. Both are so constructed that, when the
jaws are closed, the edge of the upper blade
sinks slightly below the surface of the lower
tool and jnst back of the same, so that at each
stroke the beveled parts of the blades bear
against each other, and the cutting edge
strikes against nothing but the fabric.
Of course the dies or blades are varied in
form for different patterns, but it is considered
cheaper to have an entirely separate instrument
for every pattern instead of providing detach-
able blades.
For further particulars regarding sale of
Btate rights, etc., address the inventor, Mrs.
Eliza P. Welch, Groton, Caledonia county,
Vt.
Some one might make a profitable invest-
ment, by purchasing the ri^ht to the Pacific
Coast, of the above iron which evidently will
be a very useful article.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
3So. 9.
Tbe caved material is washed into the sluice
boxes, good care being taken that an even flow
is maintained and that the boxes are not over-
charged. Pieces of hard gravel, clay, etc., too
large to be washed through the sluice boxes,
must be reduced to smaller fragments, by either
the pick or the blast. For all Buch material as
can be perforated by the chum-drill or auger,
the process of blasting with giant powder No. 1
is considered the cheapest and most effective.
Rocks and bowlders, too large to be sent down
by the sluice boxes, must be first broken up.
It is to be presumed that as yet room is want-
ing to stack them in piles on the ground.
When sufficient clearance has been made to
leave ample space for the deposition of heavy
bowlders, tree stumps, and other rubbish, either
i derrick, or wheelbarrow, or cars can be em-
ployed to remove such objects to the place of
deposit. Even with abundance of room it will
be advisable to go systematically to work and
keep certain order in the arrangement. This
plan will accustom workingmen to dispose at
once of auy incumbrances for good and at the
right place, aud will save ar.reit deal of work
in the long run.
In working a hydraulic mine it must be the
aim to secure as soon as possible a large open
front, so as to occupy two, three, or more hy-
draulic nozzles, according to the supply of
water and general capacity of the works.
These different hydraulic nozzles, being sup-
plied from the same distributer, can open a
"cross fire" upon any point within 200 feet
from the nozzles and thus do excellent execu-
tion.
Should the surface of the gravel deposit be
covered by a growth of brush-wood or trees it
will be necessary to remove this material by
cutting it down and hauling it off the ground,
or piling it up and setting fire to it.
Bank Blasting.
This is resorted to either when the gravel de-
posit is so hard that it will not readily yield to
the jet, or wh-n the gravel bank is so high that
the nydraulic nozzle cannot with safety, (on
account of caving) be brought close enough to
do good execution. The blasts may either be
placed in drifts with one or more cross drifts,
(T,) or in shafts with a cross-driftin the bottom,
(it) or JB shafts with a wider bottom (in the
shape of a bottle, the shaft forming the neck of
the bottle.) The latter are generally used to
blow up patches of bottom gravel. The quan
tity of powder used depends necessarily on the
quality and extent of the ground to be blown
up, and varies from a few kegs up to two
thousand. Even larger blasts have been and
will be made, as occasion requires. A keg of
powder contains 25 pounds.
When a bank is from 80 to 100 feet high the
main drift should be 100 feet long, so that a
reasonable proportion may exist between the
resistance offered by the top pressure and the
lateral or front pressure. Thus a general up-
heaval results, aud neither a blowing out of the
front nor a partial blowing up of the top. The
from the mouth of the main drift, each arm
being 30 feet long. We flh'Ul thus have the
accompanying figure.
60 feet. B0 feet.
•200 Kega Powder. 200 Kegs Powder.
100 Kegs.
This blast fired by an electrical apparatus
and ignited simultaneously at twelve or sixteen
WELCH'S PINKING IRON.
main drift should be three feet wide and four
feet high, or as small as it can be worked. The
side-drifts or "Ts" can be made a little larger.
different points, will in all probability dislodge
and crumble an area of ground, representing
from fifty to sixty thousand cubic yards.
The powder should be emptied in long boxes
placed in the different side drifts, and electric
fuses should be inserted, at proper distances,
at least one for every 40 or 50 kegs of powder,
Fiff- 1, Nitro-GUyoerine Igniter.
To secure a good effect, it is necessary to use
about 600 kegs of powder for the blast, placing
the contents of 400 kegs on the cross-drifts at
the terminus of the main drift, each arm beine
from 45 to 50 feet long, and the contents of 200
kegs in the cross-d'ifts, looated about 65 feet
Nitro-Glycerine Compounds.
The invention of combining nitro-glycerine
with other substances to furnishing a sub-
stitute for powder in blasting operations
has been one of great benefit to the
mining interests. The peculiar property which
distinguishes this class of substances, is that
fire may be applied to them without their ex-
ploding. Nitro-glycerine, if ignited in an open
space is slowly decomposed with a bluish flame,
but the fire goes out when the match is with-
drawn. If a drop is placed on an anvil, the
blow of a hammer, through the heat developed
by compression causes it to explode, but only
that part which has received the blow, so tha t
the explosion in this case is only a local one.
A chief point in Noble's inventions consists
in overcoming this difficulty, and he adopts
two different methods of promoting its explo-
sion. The method to be used in blasting,
where evidence of explosion is of great impor-
tance, is that by which it is submitted to pres-
sure, the most rapid source of developing heat.
There are many means of attaining this im-
pulse of explosion.
Some of these are as follows: when nitro-
glycerine in tubes is surrounded by gun-pow-
der and vice versa; by an electric current when the
nitro-glycerine is enclosed on all sides, so as
not to afford an escape to the gas developed-
by a capsule; by any chemical agents develop
ing a gradual heat; simply by a fire; by igni-
ters.
These igniters are shown in figure 1 of the
cuts. They may be equally varied, but in their
simplest form they consist of a wooden cylin-
der, hollow inside aud filled with gun-powder,
being corked at one end and connected wilh a
fuse at the other. When the nitro-glycerine
has been poured into tli9 bore, this cylinder is
let down with its fuse until the former swims
in the blasting oil; then the upper part of the
bore is filled with loose sand, and nothing re-
mains but to ignite the fuse. The fuse in its
turn fires the gun-powder contained in the
wooden cylinder, the hot gases of the gun-pow-
der make their escape and rush in streams
into the blasting oil. of which they heat a mi-
nute part; a local detonation takes place,
which as the oil cannot escape, heats it by
pressure to about 360 degs., F. when it explodes
through the whole blast. In the figure re-
fered to, a a a, shows the work, 6 6, the bore,
c c, the nitro-glycerine, d dt the wooden cyl-
inder (igniter), e, the charge of gun-powder,
/, the cork, g g, the fuse, and h h, the Bhaft of
loose sand.
Among other improvements of modes in the
maunfacture of this compound consists in rap-
idly mixing the whole relative quantities of
acids and glycerine, which being led immedi-
ately into cold water the nitroglycerine sepa-
rates, being insoluble. The old way was by
adding glycerine drop by drop to a mixture of
sulphuric and nitric acid, and taking care not to
raise the temperature above 32 degrees Fahr,
In the method of making referred to above,
where it is mixed at once, is shown in Fig. 2 of
the engraving. In this a is a tube conducting
the mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids into
the mixing tube, c; b is a tube conducting gly-
cerine into the mixing tube, c. ; c is a mixing
tube wherein the re-action takes place, and is
provided with small holes at the bottom, whence
the mixture of acid aud nitro-glycerine escapes
into cold water.
Fiff. 2- Mixer for Acids and Glycerine.
which would insure the simultaneous ignition
and complete combustion of the gunpowder
and develop thus its whole force at once.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the last Annual Report of the U. 8. Commissioner on
Mining Statistics.
Foe the year ending January 1, 1875, the
Eureka mill, on the Carson river, Wm. King,
Superintendent, reduced 61,100 tons of ore,
producing, 80,347 pounds of bullion, worth
$3,435,131.53. The mill contains sixty stamps
and the adequate amount of amalgamating ma-
chinery.
The Mechanics' Aet Lectures. — We had
prepared a summary of the lecture on the
"Production of Silver Ores, "delivered on Sat-
urday evening by Prof. Becker, of the Univer-
sity of California, but are compelled to leave
it over until next week for want of space.
New discoveries continue to be made in Pea-
vine district, and some of the specimens sent
to Virginia City give high assays. It is thought
there will be considerable excitement in that
vicinity next season.
The Helena (Montana) Independent, says the
miners up at Ten-mile quartz mines, in going
to work, Blide down that shaft on ioioles. A
nice slide.
50
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 23, 1875.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Jottings from Tybo, Nevada.
From the Old to the New.
Editoes Press: — Old Father Time has been
instrumental in effecting a chronological change
since my last letter reached the editorial sanc-
tum of the Press. 1874, feeble and decrepit
with age, has been borne to the silent chambers
where calmly repose, the remains of its more
notable and illustrious predecessors. Its course
was unmarked by aught of a nature to effect
the common current of our thoughts, or desert
them from their everyday ploddings. If there
have been no great national or physical revo-
lutions to chronicle during its oareer, we have
had that given to us which is infinitely better
and worthier of our attention than either san-
guinary wars or chaotic revolutions. A meas-
ure of prosperity has been vouchsafed to the
people of this coast during its passage greater
than they have ever before enjoyed.
Mining and agrioulture have both flourished
in a manner unprecedented in the annals of
statistical production; nor have manufacturing
and other interests been a whit less prosperous.
The production of bullion has, as we know,
largely exceeded that of any preceding year,
and it is certain that the product jof 1875 will
be still larger. The great bonanza will soon
begin to pour forth, its long dormant
treasures, to enrich and stimulate the com-
merce whose broad sails whiten the waters
of the Occident, while bearing to its marts
the rich products of the orient. These riches
will effectually eclipse by their vastness
the amounts which have been at various
periods drawn from the most famous mines
of either ancient or modern times. The fame
heretofore so freely accorded to the-Veta Madre
of Central Mexico, and the San Lnis Potasi, of
Buenos Ayres, will not any longer be entitled
to receive the homage of either our admiration
or remembrance, when we come to recall the
figures of Mr. Deidesheimer, which are almost
beyond the capacity of ordinary arithnieticiaus,
$1,500,000,000 in bullion! No wonder that he
thought people who saw these figures would be
inclined to set him down as a crazy man, and
a fit candidate for Stockton. So much for
what the old year has done for the Great West;
and it faded from sight, down the horizon of
time. "We will now turn to the affairs of the
Great East.
And inquire what are its prospects for the year
which has so auspiciously dawned upon it.
From every camp within its borders comes the
most cheering accounts. New mines are every
day being developed, and old ones long idle,
are being opened and worked anew, with a con-
fidence which shows the abiding faith and en-
terprise of their owners. From
Eureka
There is wafted to us news of a very inspiriting
character, and from its tenor there is every
reason to believe that the great bonanza will
not be- allowed to quietly bear off with it all
the honors to which it now aspires. The vast
mineral resources of Kuby Hill are not yet
exhausted. Nuture has lavished her treasures
with no unsparing hand upon that favored lo-
cality, and the bullion returns of the three
companies whose properties cover its surface
area leaves ample evidence to this fact. Not
one of these three compauies have since their
incorporation levied an assessment, and two of
them, the Eureka Consolidated and the K K
have paid in hard cash to their stockholders
dividends aggregating $750,000— the former
$700,000, the latter, $50,000. The affairs of
the last named are, however, but indifferently
managed in San Francisco, otherwise its share-
holders would have been able to pocket more
substantial rewards. Such will continue to be
the case, too, so long as self-interests and the
narrow policy which they invariably produce
are considered paramount to the publio good.
Messrs. Haggin & Tevis have never been ac-
cused of much liberality toward parties with
whom they have been associated in mining.
These two gentlemen at one time in its early
history controlled and directed the destinies of
the first named company, and the result of their
administrations are well known. They also
control the financial affairs of the K K to such
an extent that those who know and appreciate
the mine least, even though seeking cheap and
profitable investments, will not touch its stock
so long as they have anything to do with it.
This apathy of the public is evidenced by the
fact of its being hardly ever called on change
nowadays. The third of these companies,
The Richmond,
Which, though stocked in London, where sueh
things are differently managed still maintains its
prestige in that great mart, being by last advices,
quoted at $36, and paying the regular divi-
dend of 37 and 30 per cent, to its lucky share-
holders. These dates, too, could have been
materially increased were'its concerns here only
skillfully managed. But they are not, as the
sequel would show, were-I, at present, at all
desirous of undertaking the task of pointing
out wherein things are, and have been of late,
mismanaged. The Richmond is, however, a
great mine, and worthy of the high encomiums
that are lavished upon it. The amount a bul-
lion it .produced from the 1st of September,
1873, to the ending of the. financial year, 31st
August, 187^4, has been $1,775,000. Out of
this large sum, there were $375,000 paid for
charcoal alone, to the people of the Base
Range; this, and the other expenses leaving a
net revenue of $455,000, A large proportion
of these expenses have, however, been debited
to construction account, for the extensive refin-
ing works which are in process of erection and
nearly finished., will absorb no inconsiderable
sum. The entire cost will be about $80,000.
But whether they will ever be of any greater
benefit to the company than the amount of
oxide of lead which they will give, for smelting
purposes, is a question which has yet to be
solved. Experience is a stern teacher, and ex-
perience will, without I am mistaken, prove
how fallacious have been the hopes of its pro-
jector, whose pet scheme it has been all along.
No matter, it gives evidence of enterprise and
enlarged views, and will prove ornamental if
not either useful or profitable.
The mine is in a very prosperous condition,
the late strike being the richest and most im-
portant, as regards size, which has ever been
made in eastern Nevada. The Richmond is in
the full zenith of its glory and productiveness,
and there is every probability tnat it will long
continue so, too.
The other mines of Eureka are also doing
well, and give much future promise, and I
would gladly particularize them had I time and
space in which to do it. It is, however,
enough to say that the prospects are as good,
if not better, than they have been within the
memory of the writer. From
White Pine
District, distant 45 miles from Eureka, and 80
miles from Tybo, in a northeasterly course,
there comes many flatterino; reports. This
place was, at one time, the Mecca of the hopes
and aspirations of the thousands, who, like the
writer, bent their steps toward it in 1868 and
in 1869. But, however ardent we were at the
outset, neither the pilgrimage thither, nor the
experience gained there, proved to be quite as
consoling in their effects as those which the de-
vout Mussulman desires from a visit to the
resting place of the proph> t. It is not, how
ever, at present, devoid of interest; nor will it
be, provided Capt. Drake is but as successful
in tbe'future as he has been in the past. His
management of the Eberhardt aud Aurora
company's property during the past four years
has been marked by sense, judgment, and abil-
ity of no mean order. These mines have pro-
duced in that period, a sum equal to $1,835,-
000, yet the company was at one time brought
to the verge of bankruptcy, by the neglect and
inefficiency of its then manager, whom it is
needless to name. Mr. Edward Applegarth
was the vendor of this now magnificent^ prop-
erty to an English company, and he is now
one of its directors. The company is now out
of debt, and extracting 50 tons of ore a day,
valued at sixty dollars ($60X per ton, aud
at a recent meeting debentures to the amount of
fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) were subscribed
for by its members, in order to inaugurate the
new year's start with full coffers. The news
from Cherry Creek, Pioche, Patterson, Robin-
son, Phraranaget, and other places to the east
and south of here, is of the most cheerful char-
acter, thus showing that the prospeots for 1875
are bright and encouraging.
To come to localities nearer home, I will
mention
Rattlesnake Canon,
Hot Creek district, as the first of them wbioh I
will notice, because of its greatest proximity to
Tybo, being only seven miles to the northward.
Some of ihe leading mines of this camp are
owned by a New York company, whose supiue-
ness of late has been a-matter of comment. It
has, however, not long since again com-
menced active operations, with a view to push
developments aheafl. Much headway cannot,
however, be made until hoisting and pumping
machinery are supplied, and I am informed
that these have been already ordered from New
York. Several of the claims, which were for a
length of time lying idle, were re-located on
the 1st instant, by parties' who mean business.
I have myself received from there withiu the
past week three samples of milling ore for as-
aa\ , which I am confident, as are those who
have seen them, will 'go away up into the hun-
dreds, and possibly into the thousands. The
Hot Creek
District contains many distinctive features of
curiosity and iuterest. It receives its name
from a rather singular stream of hot water
which flows from several boiling springs in the
neighborhood, which forms a stream of consid-
erable proportions. It takes its course through
a chasm in the mountains the walls of which
rise vertically several hundred feet on each
side, and flows a distance of a couple of miles
and disappears suddenly through the sands
and alkali beds, the same as does all other
streams of Nevada. The old.
Milk Spring
District is situated in the Hot Creek range 45
imileseastof Belmont and twelve miles south
of this camp, close to the line of the projected
Palisade and Colorado railroad. Its geologi-
-=sm=.
cal formation is of limestone, in which occurs
the silver-bearing veins, whose course is north-
west and southeast, and dipping, like here, to
the east at an angle of 60 deg. '
Comparatively little has been done toward
the- development of its mines, yet they have
been sufficiently opened to prove them true fis-
sure veins. The district is, however, about to
be re-baptised in consequence of some new and
important, discoveries which lately have been
made there. Whenever this interesting cere-
mony shall occur, I shall communicate the
facta to the Press, together with the mining
laws and such other data as will prove of in-
terest to its readers.. From
Belmont
We have the intelligence that work is being
pushed ahead on the 300-foot level of the Bel-
mont mine as rapidly as possible. The con-
nection with the winze in which the new body
of ore is known to have been cut, will be ef-
fected early this month. When once made
stopin • will be commenced aud the mill once
more started upon this ore. Orders have been
received from San Francisco to put a force of
tneu to work ou the Central Belmont mine at
once. The El Dorado South Consolidated
company is out with notices for bids for sink-
ing a perpendicular shaft 100 feet— 6x16 on its
ledge. The Josephine and other mines are
about to be started up immediately, so that the
folks of our sister town may soon look ,for
lively times.
Jefferson Canon,
Too, forty-seven miles from here, is turning
out to. be a place of considerable importance.
The Prussian North and South mines are yield-
ing very rich ores, and in quautities to keep
the two ten-stamp mills in full blast. Their
product is about $3,000 per diem in bullion,
which is shipped to the" Belmont bank, and,
there is in addition, a great deal of prospecting
going on in every quarter of the district. The
population is about 400, and the above two
mines and mills employ about 150 men. The
mines are rich and the future radiant, and
what more does Jefferson need?
Springfield District.
This is a new district, situated on the west
side of Monitor valley in this county, and about
30 miles from its seat— Belmont, The Sheba
led^e is among its most important discoveries.
It is from 10 to 12 feet thick, and its outcrop
has been traced a distance of 5,000 feet. It is
opened by shaft and tunnel, the former 80 aud
the latter 100 feet, along the course of the foot-
wall. The ore is base, and contains in itself
sufficient flux for its treatment in a cupola fur-
nace. Experts (?) who have examined this
mine, claim ior it in thickness and general
average, a superiority over the famous Two G
mine of this place, the property of the Tybo
Consolidated company. These things may be
so, but whether they are or not, matters but
little. Our mental equilibrium is not disturbed
by tne thought; nor is the importance of the
Two G any the less diminished if such is the
case. We are not at all envious of the Sheba,
but on the contrary are delighted to have it
in our power to be able to give it this gratuitous
notice, an1 to pronounce it a worthy property
into the bargain.
Having in the foregoing paragraphs given a
general glance at the prospeots of the west and
east sections of the State for 1875, and pointed
out some of the distinctive features of interest
in connection with the circumjacent camps, we
will now see what progress has been made in
the development of the mines of Tybo, since
the 4th ultimo, the date of our last article to
the Pbbss.
The Tybo Consolidated
Company 's, property — particularly the Two G —
has been steadily and successfully worked since
last writing. The vein was at that time opened
to a depth of 298 feet; it is now penetrated to a
depth of 323 feet, and exhibits at this point ore
of a remarkably fine grade. The assay value of
the two classes of ore found at this depth, is —
galena, $331 — and quartz, $56— or an average
of $198.50 per ton, thus proving the increased
richness of the vein as depth is attained. The
lode is now developed longitudinally 560 feet,
by tunnels or, adit levels one and two, which
are still being driven ahead. It has, however,
increased in thickness toward the deep, being
now five feet in the clear between walls, and
preserves with the utmost exactitude its angle
of inclination. The milling and smelting ores,
also, continue their course, side by side, but
have reversed situations, the former now show-
ing its affinity for trie silicious lime hanging-
wall, and the latter for the foot or porphyry
wall. This is proper, and in accordance with
the laws of gravitation. .
The outlook is all that could be desired,
there being now exposed in this mine alone, in
the neighborhood of 60,000 tons of ore, ready
for extraction and reduction. This amount
would more than suffice to keep a 20-stamp
mill and a 50 ton furnace in full blast for a
space of two years. Explorations will, how-
ever, be pushed ahead vigorously, in order to
stilt further test the value and productiveness
of the mine.
The Lafayette
Has also been worked with success, since last
notice of it, a large quantity of $150 ore having
been mined and worked. This mine, an off-
shoot from the mother, or Two G vein, exhib-
its all of it i mineral and structural attributes.
Active operations have also been commenced
on the
Crosby
Mine, located on the extreme northwest of ihe
lode. A new shaft is being sunk on it, through
ore of the same quality as found in the two
former.
The Casket
Is at present idle, and will be until hoisting
works are supplied sometime during the com-
ing summer. This mine is opened by two j
shafts, which cut the vein at a depth of 65 feet I
each. A new shaft will, however, have to be
sunk at the point of divergance of the Layfay-
etfce from the main lead, over which the hoist-
ing machinery is to be permanently placed, for
the working of both. A new shaft through
which to work the Two Gand Casket mines,
has been sunk a distance of 60 feet, but had to
be abandoned for the want of suitable lumber
with which to line its compartments, when this
is to be had, work will again be resumed upon
it.
The Furnace
Shut down for much needed repairs on the
29th ultimo, having made a run of exactly 30
days, which, added to the 59 days formerly men-
tioned, makes 89 days altogether that it has
been engaged in the production of bullion.
It reduced in the last 30 days of its run 700
tons of ore which produced in the aggregate 80
tons of base bullion, valued at $36,000, or
$4.50 per ton in gold, silver and lead. This
showing is a good one and is far ahead of the
last one given in the Press. Up to that time
the furnace ran od the whole 59 days, reducing
1,260 tons of ore, w,hich produced 153 tons of I
bullion, valued at $62,000. Adding these two
together we have a total of 89 days run, in
which there were reduced 1,960 tons of ore,
which yie'ded 233 tons of crude bullion, val-
ued at $98,000. This is . not an unfavorable
showing, all things considered. With increas-
ed working facilities, this exhibit will be
largely increased. With a 20-stamp mill t\nd
a coup'e of furnaces in full blast, as there will be -
next summer, we may look for prosperous
times in Tybo. There are already 90 tons of
the mill material to haul, and the balance is ex-
pected at an early day, so that this structure
will soon add to our prosperity. J. D. P.
Tybo, Nevada, Jan. 12, 1875.
Esmeralda.
Editors Press: — It has been many years
since I have seen anything in your columns
relating to the once important Esmeralda min-
ing district; and in truth there has not very
much transpired in the district worth record"
ing, although that it still possesses much im-
portance as a "mining camp," I, in common
with many others, still firmly believe.
During the great stock fever of 1862, '63 and
'64, the credulous and then comparatively in-
experienced people of California were most
wrptchedly humbugged and swindled by having
wild cats of all kinds, sizes and colors palmed
off upon them as genuine mines by unscrupu-
lous stock sharps and swindlers. The result
was that the reputation of "the camp" suffered
by having odium .cast upon the good mines aa
well as poor ones — or none at all. Stockhold-
ers refused to pay assessments for the purpose
of prospecting the mines to any depth, and
when the rich boulders, found on the surface,
and the richer "bonanzas" which were found
in the veins near the surface were worked
out, the work stopped, and mills which cost
from $125,000 to $250,000 have been idle from
that day to this. And the fact is, the lowest
depth attained in any of the works is, I
think, not over 200 feet vertically.
In 1867, John D. Winters, who had a mill
here, made an effort to sink deeper and pros-
pect thoroughly the Juniata mine, located one
mile easterly from this town, but he having
become bankrupt by business complications
elsewhere the work was stopped, while every-
thing in and about the mine looked extremely
encouraging.
Matters have remained substantially in statu
quo until about three months since, when the
Juniata Consolidated mining company, which
owns the Juniata pvoper arid also the once
famous real Del Monte, Wide West, Pond, Ural
and other lodes, started in the old works with
vim and energy, under the skillful superin-
tendence of Mr. Warren Rose. Much time
has necessarily benn lost in cleaning out the
old sha't and drifts, as a new steam pnmp
had to be procured, roads made, etc. But
now they have arrived at a point when their
merk will soon tell, and all the citizens — many
of whom have stood by the place th:oc^h
prosperity and adversity Bince 1860 and '61
—confidently predict that in due course of
time developments and discoveries will be
made, which will not only richly remunerate
those immediately connected with the enter-
prise, but will also lead to many like opera-
tions in the district. Many being of the
opinion that much better locations can be
found for deep prospecting t'uan the one now
under operation.
These operations will be assisted by the
settlement of titles under the United States
mining laws, many of the mine owners having
already obtained their patents or taken steps
toward that end.
The Juniata Consolidated mining company
also own the large mills alluded to above. They
were built by the Real del Monte and Antelope
mining companies in 1863 or 1864. There is
one small mill of five stamps belonging to Hor-
ace Marden & Co., which is started up and
kept running semi- occasionally on small lots of
ore (generally quite rich) taken out by "coast-
ers," mostly from the old abandoned mines.
More anon. Sandford.
Aurora, Esmeralda Co., Nev., Jan. 6th, 1875.
January 23, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
51
Scientific ^rocress.
Is The Ether Matter.
Hydrogen passes th.ough cast iron as water
tea through loose eund. The resistance which
jaat iron ball would meet in its flight through
i atmoiphere of hydrogen wo hid be scarcely
ipreciable. The difference in density between
_«t iron and hydrogen, though very g-eat, is
Ear from infinite; were it infinite, the resistance
which either would offer to the passage of the
>ther wojld be infinitely slight; to us nil. So
rith every other sort of matter in a medium in-
Ineitely more dense or infinitely more raie
ban itself. It is possible, therefore, to con-
eive, as Dr. Young suggests, of series of
•orlds of different orders, pervading each other,
intually unknown and unknowable, in the
tame space.
There is in this line of thought something
nore than purposeless speculation ; and if there
ere not, one could hardly escape it in contem-
ilatine the theory of fight now generally ac-
septed by the scientific world, a theory involv-
ng conditions so astounding that nothing short
)f a new order of matter seems adequate to
neet its requirements. Practically there could
lot be an hypothesis which would answer the
equirements of a perfect hypothesis more com-
letely than that which attributes the phenome-
ia of light to undulations of a highly elastic
nedium pervadiug all space. It affords a rea-
dable explanation of every phenomenon in
iptics. More than that, it enables the investi-
jator to anticipate effects which no eye has
;een. Yet this moBt satisfy iug theory is based
in the assumption that interstellar space which
ve have knowledge of, whether occupied by or-
linary matter or not, is pervaded by something
nconceivably more solid and elastic than steel
Attempts have been made to dispense with
he assumed ethereal basis of light by substi-
nting therefor some excessively rare form of
rdinary matter. To meet the requirements of
he case, such a gas would have to be very rare
ndeed; at the same time it would have to pos-
ess an elastic force of at least a million mil-
ion (1,000,000,000,000) times as great as the
tmospbere at the earth's surface, conditions
[uite inconsistent with the main body of our
mowledge concerning gases. If material, the
'hysical basis of luminous modulations must
e matter of an entirely different grade from
anything else we know.
Any comparison between ordinary matter
nd anything so unlike it as the hypothetical
ther must obviously be taken as suggestive
ather than demonstrative; nevertheless the re*
ults of such comparisons give us, perhaps, as
orrect a notion of the physical basis of light
b we are able to entertain. Our only clue to
ts possible qualities Jies in the extreme rapid-
ty with which light rays traverse it. It is un-
.erstood that the velocity of wave motion de-
lends, other things being equal, on the elas-
ioity of the medium. Knowing the relative
elocities of light and sound, Sir John He-r-
ebel calculated the necessary elacticity of the
ther (in other words, the amount of force
rhich the wave theory of light require^ to be
xerted at each point of space) as 1,148,000,-
100,000 times the elastic force of ordinary air
,t the surface of the earth. The atmospheric
iressureis 15 pounds to the square inch; the
orresponding ethereal pressure must therefore
te about 17,000,000,000,000 pounds. The at-
oosphere counterbalances acolumn of mercury
10 inches high. Gould it be demonstrated in
- similar manner, the pressure of the ether
?ould sustain a column of mercury Bix times
s high as the sun!
These members give but an aproximate idea
if the enormous solidity of the adamantine
omething which the earth sweeps through at
he rate of 1100 miles a minute without resist-
ance I It pervades. our bodies and we move
.bout in it with perfect indifference. As Prof.
levons justly observes, all our ordinary notions
>f matter must be laid aside in contemplating
Conclusions like these; yet, " they are not more
than the observed phenomena of light and
peat force us to accept."
I Regarded in the light of ordinary matter, the
Bther is impossible and incredible; as an extra-
ordinary matter, or, as we have, imagined,
patter of a higher grade, it is consistent and
reasonable. If we admit one such higher or
ower grade of matter, the door is opened for
he possible existence of an infinite series of
them.
The contemplation of Buch possibilities may
it least teach us not to be hasty in limiting the
pcope of the universe to elements such as we
know. — Scientific American.
Personal Equation.
It haB been found by observation that there
is a\ great variation in the power of .different
individuals to determire small intervals of
time, or in the time occupied by them to be-
come conscious of a fact passing be'ore them.
This is a matter of much importance in making
astrouomical observations — for 'nstance the de-
termination of the time of the eract contact or
obscuration of heavenly bodies. The correc-
tion or averaging of this difference is called
Personal equation," Some years ago, at a
meeting of the Albany Institute, Prof. Hough,
the astronomer in charge of the Albany Obser-
vatory, read an interesting paper upon this
subject, illustrating it by means of an instru-
ment called a chronograph, whiob term, liter-
erally interpreted is a time-writer oraninstru
ment for recording intervals of time. It con-
sisted of 11 di-k covered with white paper, and
revolved by clock-work. From the center of
the disk radi were drawn to the circumference,
dividing the disk into equal parts, representing
minute divisions of time. Over this revolving
disk was placed a stylus, actuated by an electro-
magnet. A cirouit -breaker waB connected with
this electro-magnet and held in the hand of the
observer, whose personal equation it was de-
sired to determine. Another disk, upon which
a circular black spot was painted, was also
caused to revolve by clock-work. Before it
was placed in an opaque bar, which eclipsed
the black spot at each revolution of the disk.
The exact time at which the edge of the black
spot reached the obscuration of the bar was
automatically registered. The observer hold-
ing the circuit- breaker in his hand stood in
front of the revolving disk, and was directed to
operate the circuit-breaker in order to make
the mark upon the disk the moment the black
spot reached the bar. The difference in the
time of registering by the observer and the au-
tomatic registering of the instrument consti-
tuted the personal equation. It varied consider-
ably.with different p^ rsonB. We do not now re-
member what the maximum variation was, but
we recollect distinctly that with some it was
nearly double that of others. This difference
in the power of determining precisely when an
event happens, as seen by the eye,* depends
primarily upon peculiarities in nervous struc-
ture. It may, however, vary in the same ob-
server from time to time. Professor Hough
remarked, in his interesting paper, that he
found his personal equation increased 'always
when he felt ill.
j Dangekb of Benzine Scouring. — M. Dumas,
at a recent meeting of the French Academy of
Science, stated that, in examining the process
pf scouring fabrics as usually practiced by clean-
■Jers of old clothes (washing in benzine), he had
discovered a novel and dangerous cause of fire.
fiWorkmen engaged in this industry had fre-
[ leniently complained of the benzine becoming
'inflamed during the scrubbing; and in order to
jteBt the question, M. Dumas caused a piece of
Icashmere to be dipped in for a length of 18
feet. Every time the stuff partially emerged
from the bath, while being rubbed between the
bands, a sharp pricking sensation upon those
members and on the face was felt; and finally
3parks were emitted from the fabric, sufficient,
if the Bcouring had been briskly continued, to
have ignited the inflammable fluid.
,
Theemo-Electbicitt in Ibon Ships. — There
is a curious point, says Broad Arrow, in con-
nection with the deviation of the compass on
board iron ships, whioh is now beginning to
attract the attention of scientific men, and may
therefore, perhaps, be new to some of our read-
ers. It is now believed that some of the sud-
den and hitherto unaccountable changes in the
deviation of the compasses of iron ships —
which are often unsuspected until alleged as
the only conceivable cause of the vessel running
ashore — are the effects of an unequal and vary-
ing distribution of heat over the iron hull; for
it is well known that electricity is generated in
a metallic substance by heat applied in a cer-
tain way, and, in fact, there is a branch of
electrical science called thermo-electricity, de-
voted to the investigation of phenomena of this
kind. Sudden slight changes of compass devi-
ation, not exceeding Ave degrees, have been
noticed on board iron ships on the North Amer-
ican coast, and these are now attributed to
changes in the hull, occasioned by the vessel
passing from warm to cold water, and vice versa.
The warm temperature of the gulf stream,
taken in connection with the cold counter-cur-
rent, is considered' to be quite sufficient to ac-
count for many of the suspected compass
errors on board iron ships.
The Abtificial Vanilla. — We alluded a few
weeks since to the fact of the discovery that the
odorous principle of the vanilla beans could be
obtained. "We are now enabled to give the sub-
stance of the English patent that has been is-
sued for this to Wilhelm Haarman, Ph.D.,
analytical chemist, G-eorgenstrasse, Berlin,
Germany. Take, first, coniferine; or, secondly,
the sap of plants mentioned above which has
been purified or liberated from alumina or other
impurities ; or, thirdly, an extract of all those
parts of the just-mentioned plants containing
coniferine; or, fourthly, the products obtained
from coniferine by means of fermentation, pu-
trefaction, or similar action; and treat one
another with oxidising agents or such agents of
similar action, such as bi-chromate of potas-
sium and sulphuric acid, or any other peroxide,
oxide, acid or salt, which produce the same ef-
fect. The product of the reaction in all these
cases is artificial vanilline, which has been
proved to be identical in all physical and chem-
ical properties with the aromatic principle ob-
tained by the extraction, etc., of the natural
vanilla beans.
Asteonomioal. — The, astronomical discov-
eries of 1874, apart from those which may have
been made by observers of the transit of Venus,
were few and comparatively unimportant. Six
asteroids were discovered, two by American as-
tronomers, and three by Palisa, at P?>la, near
Berlin. Of the four comets discovered in 1874,
that of Coggia only, was especially interesting.
The meteoric shower of November 14th en-
tirely failed lor 1874. According to the calcu-
lations of some astronomers, no further returns
of this meteoric display in any considerable
numbers can be expected till near the close of
the century.
The Physical Forces abe Modes op Etbeb
Pressctbe. — Professor Cballis, of Cambridge
University, after long and exhaustive researches
upon galvanic and magnetic action, concludes
that the hydro-dynamical theory of action is
alone correct. The theoretical explanation of
galvanic and magnetic phenomena is to be
sought by means of mathematical deductions.
The author believes that the soience of theo-
retical phywicB, laid down in Newton's "Prin-
cipia," is by no meann confined to physical
astronomy, but comprehends the principles oi
all departments of natural philosophy which
have relation to physical force. Hia conclu-
sions on galvanic and magnetic action have
been reached in conformity with Newton's
rules and principles. The author's main con-
clusions, relative to the modus operandi of the
physical forces, to which this system of philos-
ophy seems to point, are: That they are all
modes of pressure of the ether; that the forces
concerned in light, heat, molecular attraction
and repulsion, and gravity are dynamical
results of vibrations of the ether; and that elec-
tricity and galvanic, and magnetic forces are
due to its pressure in uteady motions.
ECHANICAL PROGRESS.
Interesting Steam Boiler Experiment.
A correspondent of the Scientific American
furnishes that journal with the following ac-
count of a late experiment made by him :
"With the intention of increasing the ca-
pacity of a steam boiler (horizontal, 42'inches
in diameter and 18 feet long, with H2 tubes), I
introduced some four inch tubes under the
boiler, commencing just behind the bridge wall
and running back the length of the boiler.
These pipes had cast iron connections at the
bendB. I placed them eight inches below the
bottom of the boiler, connected them at the
back end of the boiler near the bottom, and
attat-hf d the feed pump near the front, and fed
with hot water. The first day they worked
well and improved the boiler greatly in steam-
ing capacity; but on the third day, just after
staiting up, with the first stroke of the pump,
the cast iron end on the pipe where the -feed
pipe was connected burst with a loud report,
and for a few seconds nothing but blue steam
escaped, and finally water and^ Bteam. Think-
ing the trouble was in pumping in water so
near the fire and bridge wall, I changed the
connection, putting the feed pipe into the mud
drum, and then letting the back connection
stay as it was, making a series of circulating
tubes. On firing up this time, I was alarmed
by a succession of concussions or jars in the
boiler that shook the walls; but by firing slow-
ly, we got up steam without any accident. In
an hour or two we noticed that the tubes near-
est the fire and bridge wall were red hot, and
blue steam was escaping from the joints of the
connections ou the ends of the tubeB. We
drew the fire and removed the tubes. We
found a great improvement by the use of these
tubes, and did not like to abandon the use of
them. We are at a loss to account for the
phenomenon of blue steam being where we ex-
pected nothing but water. What is our rem-
edy."
In answer so this query, the Scientific Ameri-
can says: "The trouble seems to have been
that the pipes got so hot that they made steam
faster than it could be carried off, the circula-
tion being imperfect. It will probably be
necessary to use larger pipes, or to discard the
return bends, to make the present arrangement
successful. The same trouble has occured
with some forms of sectional boilerB, whose use
has been abandoned on account of the poor
circulation."
Assembling in Machine Making.
The system of making the component parts
of a machine or implement in distinct pieces
of fixed shape and dimensions, so that corres-
ponding parts are interchangeable, is known as
"assembling." The term' is, however, more
strictly applicable to their fitting together, after
being separately and accurately made, accord-
ing to fixed patterns, and constantly compared
by gauges and templates which teBt the dimen-
sions.
This system of interchangeability of parts
was first introduced into the French artillery
service by General Gribeauval about 17G5. He
reduced the gun carriages to classes, and so ar-
ranged many of the parts that they could be
applied indiscriminately to any carriage of the
class for which they were made. The system
was afterward extended into Beveral European
services, and into that or the United StateB.
The firBt firearm attempted to be made on
this system was the breech-loader of John H.
Hall, of North Yarmouth, Massachusetts, 1811;
of which 10,000 were made for the United
States, $10,000 being voted the inventor in
1836, being at the rate of one dollar per gun.
Some of them were captured in Fort Donelson,
February 1§, 1862. They were probably the
first breech-loading military arms ever issued
to troops.
The extent to which the system of gauges
was carried with the Hall arm is not accurately
known, but it is doubtless true that the princi-
ple was brought to a high state of system and
accuracy by Col. Colt, of Connecticut, in the
manufacture of his pistols. Among the most
important of extensions of this principle has
been the making of special machines to fashion
particular parts, or even Bpecial portions of in-
dividual pieoes, so that each separate part may
be shaped by suooessive machineB, and bored
by others, issuing in the exact form required.
This plan requires large capital, and will not
pay unless a great number of like articles be
required, but has been extensively introduced
into this country, and from hence into Eng-
land, and to some extent on the continent of
Europe. All the Government breech-loadiug
fire-arms are thue made. The greater number of
the military arms of Europe and Egypt are
thus ma e in the United States for the various
countries. The Snider gun, a modification of an
American model, is made at the Enfield Arse-
nal, England, on special machineB made for that
purpose in duplicate at the Colt works, Hart-
ford, Connecticut. Pratt & Whitney, of
Hartford, are just completing for Germany a
full set of special machines and gauges for the
manufacture of the Miuser rifle, adopted by
Prussia for the confederate German States.
The first watch made on this pi in was the
"American" watch, of Waltham, Massachu-
setts, the system extending down to the almost
microscopic screws and other small parts. All
the prominent sewing machines are so made;
the same with Laub's knitting machine, and
probe bly others. Many kinds of agricultural
implements, including plows, harvesters,
threshers and wagons, are made of inteichauge-
ab'e parts. The system has been carried into
locomotive building; about seven grades of en-
gines, it is understood, are employed on the
Pennsylvania Central railroad, corresponding
purts of a given grade being precisely similar,
bo as to fit any eDgine of the class. This is the
American system of "assembling." — Harper'a
Magazine.
A Promising Invention— Re-rolling Steel
Rails.
One of the objections which many railroad
men urge against steel rails his been the diffi-
culty of profitably utilizing them when worn
out. This, though not a very formidable argu-
ment against them, when their great endurance
in considered, constitutes, perhaps, a slight
objection. Hitherto tbey have never been
rolled when cut up and treated as an iron rail
pile, as they do not weld. We apeak now of
Bessemer caBt-Bteel rails; puddled steel headed
rails are successfully produced, and certainly
outwear the iron article; the so called silicon
steel is but a variety of puddled steel. In a
few years the large and increasing amount of
Bessemer rails laid will be worn put, and must
be replaced, thus rendering their proper utili-
zation, in a secondary degree, a question of na-
tional importance. As scrap steel in the regu-
lar Bessemer manufacture they could not be
disposed of ; they cannot be melted alone in a
furnace, as they burn; and their use in the
Siemens-Martin process, in which a bath of
cast iron is decarbonized by the addition of
wrought iron scrap, sponge, or steel scrap,
would also prove a slow method of consump-
tion. Re-rolling into a solid steel rail is the
most rational and economical method, if it can
be effected. It is barely possible that it is
practicable with the aid of some flux, and one
certainly worthy of trial has been invented by
M. G. C. Henry, an analytical chemist of Bur-
lington, Iowa. Its U6e has been very favora-
bly considered by the Springfield Boiling Mill
Superintendent, and it is giving good results in
steel wire manufactured in St. Louis. At the
Joliet Iron and Steel Works standard Besse-
mer steel, containing 0,35 of carbon, was weld-
ed perfectly, at a smith forge, no joint being
afterward visible.
The function of a flux, in the welding pro-
cess, is to form a fusible slag, by its union with
the scale, or oxide, which forms upon the sur-
faces of heated iron. Borax, which is an acid
salt of soda, has this property, and is common-
ly used by smiths; but its cost, about forty-five
(45) cents per pound, precludes its use on a
large scale. Mr. Henry thinks he can furnish
the flux for $15.00 per ton. It is a dark look-
ing substance, and fuses at a light red heat.
The low degree of heat, comparatively, at
which steel burns, may alone account for the
difficulty in welding it, and if a substance can
be kept at the welding surfaces which shall re-
move this scale as rapidly as it forms, it would
seem that at least the ■chemical difficulties were
overcome. It is Mr. Henry's hope to enlist the
attention of some rolling mill sufficiently to try
the invention upon a steel rail pile, rolling the
rails into B forms, regularly piling as in re-
rolling iron, and by placing the flux on the top
of the pile in the furnace, it is possible that
in passing, as a certain quantity flows down
the sides, and into the joints, it will make
the pieces co-hese sufficiently to turn over the
pile. As the flux is not injured by heat, in-
creasing the whole pile in a bath of it has been
suggested. If this succeeds, mills could advan-
tageously re-uoll their second quality rails. It
is to be hoped that some one may try the ex-
periment.— Western Manufacturer.
Hardening the Subfacb of Steel. — Mr. G.
Armes, of Rochester, has proved that the sur-
face of steel may be hardened, without harden-
ing the mass of the metal, by placing the eteel
in a cylinder for exam pie — upon an engine-lathe,
and, while it is in motion, bringing into con-
tact with it an emery wheel, rotating at a ve-
locity of about one thousand eight hundred
revolutions per minute.
52
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 23, 1875.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Thubsday, Januaby 14.
mobotho session.
1140 Ophlr ..165@183
2ft -..-b 30 192
8090 Mexican 62@5f
200 ....b5 54@5i
605 Gould & Curry 5S«5'L
2260 Best A Belcher 61@63
400 Savage 147@151
50 ....b 30
425 Chollar....
110 Hale &Norcross-..W(a56
705 Crown Point 44®45
20 ....b 5 UH
70 ....b30 45/ "
230 Yellow Jacket. ..13f_
30 ....b5 140
1740 Imperial 18J£@19
50 ....b 5 .- 15^
410 Empire 13@133j
155 Kentock 1S®19>S
995 Alpha 28031
8ft Eclipse 11@12
595 Belcber 50J£(fl)51
50 ....b S ^.51
330 Confidence '",
450 Con Virginia 570(§595
330 Sierra Nevada.... VA%\
.'150 Daney 1)m
187 California, 565& -
5 „..b 30 590
260 Overman ," "
155 Justice 130@135
100 Succor 4
95 Union 72#@75
570 Lady Bryan Sfijg,1*
209 Julia .§©9
240 Globe l^@l^
235 Caledonia 2J@24
90 Bullion 35@36
V* Utah b@
180 Silver Hill 10@lfe.
70 Challenge '. 11
570 Dayton t%
This Week.
THDBSDAY, JANUARY 21.
MOHNTHG SESSION.
590 Alpha 32@35
15 .. b 5 33
1230 Belcher 50®52
70 ....1)5 50M
2462 Best & Belcher 80®88
220 ....b5 87@84J|
3355 Gould A Curry 69®70
50 ....blO 72
150 ....b30 Tdf^lV-2
50 ...-b5 713*
95 Hale A Norcross...60@6l
1715 Imperial 170I7Jfi
90 Justice 165@l72,W
1060 Ken nek 22@23
10 ....b30 24
1755 Mexican 60_®64
1340 Ophir 225(51233
485 Overman 8b@?8
110 „..b30 89®88
160 Succor 5^1,6
100 Savage 170@168
470 S Nevada 21@22
780 Union Con 95@92
275 Y Jacket 140&137
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1900 Meadow Valley 7@8
1045 Raymond & Ely.... 33®35
770 Eureka Consolidated. .15
50 Pioche 4&
220 WashAOreole... "
520 American Flag..
3005 Belmont 10® l^
465 Newark 1@1^
970 Rve Patch V ■/„ a ■■,,
170 Eldorado South 2
200 Eldorado North 50o
230 Chariot Mill.... ....lk@2
100 IdaElmore 1%
55 Mahogany 4
100 Empire 1
185 Bock Island 5W@6
400 Piotou 75c
170 New York 5m5'.,
1785 Occiden tal by~~
110 American Flat... 1%&
750 f-enator 1%
2435 Phil Sheridan... .tyiW&U
535 Woodville 3M(g)3M
20 Mint ]
420 Lady "Wa9bington2.3^@3
985 Kossuth 4KQ4J6
650 Seg Bock Island \\
2175 Andes ll@ll&
300 Pacific \)A
150 Niagara - I
600 Ward 43*
65 Scorpion 4®l%
76U Cosmopolitan. ...\%gft%
2250 Leviathan 2^@2?6
1500 Georgia U4
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
530 Meadow Valley. ...7K®7
420 Raymond & Ely. ...33@35
20 Eureka Con F4&
140 Pioche .5
5250 Wash & Creole. . 1^®1W
125 America] Flag. ..2>$@23?
625 Belmont 9'4@9^
1150 N Belmont 2?&@2!^
490 Rye Patch 3}£®3$6
430 Eldo South I1 ,,.'«■■ I -
120 South Chariot .\®VA
50 Empire l>g
1775 Lady Bryan 9@10
760 Julia 9«®10
190 Caledonia .25@'S«
27S Knickerbocker iU(d&
230 Globe 1M®2
T20 Baltimore 8J^@9K
170 Bacon 8M
625 Bullion 53@55
485 Utah 8@§»<i
500 SHilt 12&313
325 Eciipse 10
35 Trenoh 12@12J£
160 Challenge I 0 ' v.r 11
340 Dayton 5M®5
615 Rhode Island . . . .6M®t%
320 Pictou 6J£
865 New York 5
1065 Occidental B'-at;';
75 Senator \%@'i%
.600 Phil Sheridan. . ..3^@3ii
30 American Flat 7j>4
100 Tyler 87^c
275 Alta IM
1202 Woodville 3>ri@4
50 Sutro lk
1450 Mint .1
150 Lady Washington . . . .25a
600 Green 3Ji
755 Kossuth 4 H@4?i
Mining Stocks.
The stock market during the past week has
not been in as firm a condition as for some
time past. Prices have been comparatively
low, and the dull weather has brought rather
dull times for the brokers compared with the
recent busy season. Whether the big break
which was expected has oome or not we do not
know, but there has been a pretty heavy fall.
There is no special change in the Comstocks
and the Enterprise says of the mines. Tbere
is no change in the bonanza mines or any
other mines along the Comstock range except
for the better, therefore the decline in stocks is
charged by onr people to the manipulations of
big operators in San Francisco, who, it is sup-
posed, have locked up all the money they
could lay their hands upon and who have in
this way and other ways cinched the market.
Such of our people as own in the bonanza
mines and have their stocks paid for are but
little disturbed, as they feel perfectly safe so
long as an earthquake does not come and
swallow up the entire north end of the lead.
As hundreds of persons— not only among our
own citizens, but also from San Francisco and
many other places — have visited and critically
examined the great ore body, there oan be no
mistake about that. In regard to the richness
of the ore, it is being ascertained by actual
working in the new mill that it is even richer
than was supposed by those who had examined
it while it was standing in the mine. The
drifts in the California, in the 1400 and 1500-ft
levels are already in good ore and are fast ad-
vancing toward the very rich ore of the great
bonanza, while the drift frorn the Gould &
Curry, on thb 1550-ft level, is 30 feet into Cali-
fornia ground, and is being pushed ahead in
the same rich ore as is found above on the
1500 ft level. At the Ophir end tbere is a con-
stant and marked improvement, notwithstand-
ing the many falsehoods that have been indus-
triously circulated in regard to it in San Fran-
cisco.
Lytlb & Hawket have been offered $100,000
for their quicksilver claim in Cinnabar district,
Trinity county. They have three large retorts
in position at the foot of the mountain, with
whioh they expect to prodace 1,000 pounds of
quicksilver daily. Dr. E. H. Pardee, of Oak-
land, has offered J. F. Doliffe $10,000 for his
mine, and negotiations are now pending. The
Trinity company are in 85 feet with their tun-
nel, and have favorable indications. 11 men
are wintering at Ciunabnr. A great rush is ex-
pected as soon as spring opens.
A man named Mattock, from Carson, Nevada,
has discovered an extensive cinnabar ledge in
Piute district, Inyo county. There have re-
cently been several important gold and silver
discoveries near this locality.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in tlfe Mining: and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals. ]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale-. Secretary. Place of Business.
American Flat M Co Washoe
Andes S M Co Washoe
Arizona & Utah 51 Co Washoe
Arizona S M Co UnionviUe Nevada
Baltimore Cons M Co Washoe
Bellevue M Co Plaeer^Co Cal
Bowery Cons M Co
Caledonia S M Co
Chariot Mill A M Co
Confluence M Co
Daney M Co
Empire Mill & M Co
■l.'L.ri^o R 711 I"1,.
Florida S M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Globe M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Hale & Norcro"fl S M Co
Indus G & S M Co
Iowa M Co
Justice M Co
Kentuck M Co
Knickerbocker M Co
Lady Washington M Co
Mahopany A4SJI Co
New York Cons M Co
Ely District
Washoe
San Diego Co
Cal
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Original Gold Hill G ASM Co Washoe 2
Overman S M Co
Page Tunnel Co
Pioche S M Co
Pioche W est Ex M Co
Poorman G & S M Co
Raymond & Ely S M Co
Red Jacket M Co
Rock Island G & S M Co
Savage M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Silver Cord M Co
South Chariot M Co
Tyler M Co
Utah SM Co , l'n
Washincton &, Creole M Co
Yellow Jacket S M Co
Washoe
Utah
Ely District
Ely District
Idaho
Pioohe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe ■
Idaho
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Ely Dist
Waahoe
1 00 Dec 7
B0 Dec?
75 Deo 10
1 00 Nov 30
100 Dec 5
60 Dec 10
20 Dec 15
3 00 Jan 8
50 Dec 24
30 Jan 16
75 Jan 12
50 Dec 28
I 00 Jan 8
75 Dec 10
75 Dec 10
1 50 Jan 4
5 CO Jan 8
25 Dec 30
25 Jan 13
5 00 Jan. 12
1 00 Dec 3
1 50 Dec 28
30 Dec 17
2 00 Jan 5
50 Dec 5
50 Dec 12
3 00 Dec 1
5 Dec 12
— Dec 11
30 Dec 28
1 00 Jan IS
3 00 Jan 18
50 Nov 28
1 00 Jan 13
5 00 Dec 5
3 00 Dec 1
1 00 Jan 2
1 00 Jan 9
50 Nov 13
1 00 Nov 25
50 Dec 8
5 00 Dec 10
Jan 9
Jan 11
Jan 14
Jan 8
Jan 8
Jan 14
Jan 25
Feb 12
Jan 23
Feb 23
Feb 16
Jau29
Feb 10
Jan 14
Jan 14
Feb 8
Feb 11
Jan 30
Feb 15
Feb 12
Jan 5
Jan 30
Jan 21
Feb 11
Jan 6
Jan 14
Jan 5
Jan 20
Jan 21
Feb 3
Feb 24
Feb 26
Jan 5
Feb 17
Jan 1
Jan 5
Feb 5
Feb 16
Jan 21
Dec 30
JanU
Jan 13
Jan 27
Febl
Feb 2
Jan 29
Jan 29
Feb 4
Feb 28
Mar 5
Feb 13
Mar 17
Mar 9
Feb 18-
Mar2
Feb 2
Feb 2
Feb 23
Mar 5
Feb 18
MarlO
Mar 2
Jan 28
Feb 19
Feb 8
Mar 4
Jan 25
Febl
Jan 26
Feb 20
Feb 16
Feb 25
Mar 17
Mar 26
Jan 26
Mar 9
Jan 27
Jan 26
Feb 26
Mar 9
Feb 12
Jan 20
Feb 4
Feb 13
O A Sankey
M Land ers
J Maguire
Wm Willis
D T Bagley
D F Verdenal
OE Elliott
R Wegener
F Swift
W S Anderson
G R Spinney
W E Dean
li Hermann
J Maguire
J Maguire
L Kaplan
J F Lightner
D Wilder
A D Carpenter
J S Kennedy
F Swift
H Boyle
H C Kibbe
C B Higgins
H O Kibbe
331 Montgomery at
507 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California st
401 California st
409 California st
419 California st
414 California at
419 California st
210 Battery st
320 California st
419 California st
11 Pine st
419 California st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
438 California st
Merchanrs' Ex
605 Clay st
Merchants' Ex
419 California st
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 California st
W M Helman Fireman's Fund Bldg
G D Edwards
J Hardy
O E Elliott
T L Kimball
W Willis
T W Colburn
Wm Willis
J W Clark
E B Holmes
G D Edwards
Frank Swift
O H Bogart
O D Squire
W E Dean
F D Cleary
G W Hopkins
414Californ
418 California st
419 California st
4U9 California st
419 California st
413 California st
419 California st
413 California st
419 California st
414 California st
419 Calif orniast
402 Montgomery st
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
Gold Hill
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Baltic OonB M Co Washoe
Calaveras Hydraulic M Co Cal
California and Arizona M Co Arizona
California Cons M &■ M Co
Combination G & S M Co
Con Ret'orma L A S M Co
Edith Quicksilver M Co
Enterprise Cons M Co
Equitable Tnnnel M Co
Florence M Co
M Co
Cal
Pan ami nt
Lower Cal
Cal
Oal
Utah
Humboldt Co Cal
Washoe
Holcomb Valley Cal
Nevada Co Cal
Utah
Mariposa Co Cal
Robinson Dist
Idaho
ColdMtGMCo
Gold Run M Co
Golden Rule SMCo
Hasloe M 4 M Co
Hayes Q & SMCo
Illinois Central M Co
Independence Cons M Co Cal
Juniata. Cons S M Co Aurora Nev
Kearsarge Cons Quicksilver M Co Cal
Kennedy M Co Amador Co Cal
Kevstone No 1 & 2 M Co Arizona-
Martin & Walling M & M Co ■ Cal
New York M Co Washoe
North Bloomfield Gravel M Co Cal
Oneida M Co Amador Co Oal
Pinto M Co ^hii?Pl?e
Prussian O & S M Co Nye Co Nevada
Rattlesnake Quicksilver M Co Cal
South Fork M & Canal Co „ Cal
Star King S 51 Co Elko Co Nevada
Wells. Fargo & Co M Co Washoe
Wyoming G M Co _ ; ' Cal
Yarborough S M Co Kern Co Cal
IS
Nov 18
Dec 23
Febl
i>
Deo 1
Jan 9
Jan 25
III
Jan 8
>eb22
Mar 12
1 IMI
Jan 14
Feb 16
Mar ft
III
Dec 28
Feb 1
Feb 23
H)
Dee 24
Jan 31)
Feb 20
■a
Dec 2a
Feb S
Feb 23
1 ■<. ' ■ IVc 26
Feb 6
Mar 3
25
Jan 12
Feb 17
Mar 9
III
Dec5
Jan 8
Feb 3
1 llll
Dec 23
Feb 2
Feb 20
All
Nov 19
Dec 29
Jan 23
fll
Dec 7
JanU
Feb 3
ft
Dec 8
Jan 15
Feb 15
1 !1S
Jim 13
Feb 16
Mar 16
2»
Jan 4
Feb 12
Mar 8
Ml
Dec 24
Jan 30
Feb 23
III
Jan 9
Feb 17
MarlO
1 Ml
Dec 16
Jan 21
Feb.10
llll
Dec 23
Feb 8
Feb 22
1 mi
Dec 16
Jan 20
Feb 10
1 IKI
Deo 12
Jan 12
. Febl
Ml
Deo 7
Jan 8
Jan 23
Ml
DecS
Jan 6
Jan 25
1 llll
Decl
Jan 4
Jan 25
1 nil
Dec 1!
Jan 16
Feb 3
III
Jan 9
Feb 15
Mar 8
1 llll
Jan 12
Feb 18
Mar 12
1 8fi
Dec 24
Jan 28
Feb 19
h
Dec 7
Jan 10
Febl
•a
Dec 4
Jan 8
Jan 26
Dec 21
Jan 30
Feb 18
.Ml
Jan 13
Feb 13
Marl
30
Doc 23
Jan 30
Fob 23
B Bums 507 Montgomery st
A Shear 321 Battery st
TE Jewell 507 Montgomery at
J W Tripp 408 CafiforPia st
D Wilder Merchants' Ex
A D Carpenter 605 Clay st
W Stuart 113 Liedesdortf st
F J H ermann 418 Kearny at
C S Healy Merchants' Ex
I E Delavau 220 Montgomery st
E F Stone 419 California st
J P Cavallier 513 California st
C C Palmer 41 Market st
K Wertheimer 530 Clay st
W A M Van Bokkelen 419 Cal st
G R Spinney 320 California st
402 Montgomery st
418 Kearny st
R H Brown
F J Hermann
CSNeal
JMcAflee
A Wissel
W R Townsend
J W Tripp
H O Kibbe
I Derby
I. Kaplan
A K Durbrow
R H Brown
A Baird
H Knapp
L Kaplan
A O Taylor
W JUunn
E Barry
419 California st
408 California st
210 California st
330 Pine st
408 California st
419 California st
320 California st
Merchants' Ex
43* California st
402 Montgomery st
316 California st
306 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
331 Montgomery st
410 Montgomery st
415 Montgomery st
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
American Nevada M Co
Belcher M Co
California M Co
Consolidated Amador
Consolidated Virginia
Grown Point Ex M Co
Florida S M Co
GermanlaM Co
Globe Cons M Co
(iould & Curry S M Co
Iowa M Oo
Justice M Oo
Keystone Cons 51 Co
Ladv Bryan M Co
Pacific M Co
Pattern M Oo
Raymond & Ely M Co
Red Jacket M Co
Saw Pit Flat Cons M Co
Succor M A M Oo
Sunrise G A S M Co
Union Cons M Co
Wells Fargo G & S M Oo
LLo cation. Secretary.
Washoe
Washoe
Cal
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Ely District
Idaho
Cal
Washoe
L Hermann
H C Kibbe
Called by Trustees
FB Latham
Called by Trustees
G R Spinney
L Hermann
J W Tripp
J Maguire
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
J S Kennedy
Frank Swift
Called by Trustees
J W Clark
L Hermann
T W Colburn
Wm Willis
J W Clark
Called by Trustees
Q R Spinney
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
Office in S.F.
330 Pine st
419 California st
401 California st
4U2 California st
401 California st
320 California st
331 Pine st
408 California st
419 California st
438 California st
605 Clay st
Merchants Ex
419 California st
419 California st
418 California st
330 Pine Bt
418 California st
419 Calii orniast
418 California st
302 Montgomery st
320 California st
Merchants' Ex
331 Montgomery st
Sleeting:.
Annual
Annual
Speoial
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Speoial
Annual
Annual
Speoial
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
special
Date,
Feb 4
Jau2f>
Jan2ti
Febl
Jan 26
Jan 27
Feb 2
Febl
Jan 30
Jan 25
Feb 16
Feb 15
Jan 20
Feb 11
Jan 26
Jan 28
Jan 26
Febl
Feb 10
Jan 30
Jan 28
Jan 23
Jan 26
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Location. Secretary. Office in S. F. Amount.
Belcher M. Co.
Chariot M AM Co
Consolidated Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Washoe. H. C. Kibbe,
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe D T Baelcy
Washoe C E Elliott
N. C. Ka^set,
Ncv WWTraylor
Nevada DF Verdenal
1*19 California st
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California st
409 California st
3 CO
2 00
100
Payable.
Janll
Nov 16
Janll
Jan 12
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of in-
corporation in the County Clerk's Office, San Francisco.
Woodville Cons. M. Co. Gold Hill, Nev. Jan. 14.
Capital stock, $12,000,000. Directors— W. Sherman,
Robt. Sherwood, J. R. Lee, J. S. Wall and H. G. May-
sard. _.
Spanish S. M. Co., Jan. 14. Location: Flowery Dis-
trict, Nevada. Capital stock, $5,000,000. Directors-
George M. Pinne, D. L. McDonald, Jas. H. Crossman,
James A. Pritchard and Michael Skelly.
Mutual Indemnity Association of Grangers of
Cal-, Jan. 14. Object: To secure to the families or
friends of deceased members such pecuniary aid as
6hall shield them against waDt, by paying to the nom-
inee of such member the sum of $1,000, the same to be
paid by assessment on surviving members. The Di-
rectors are, Josiah Earl, J. D. Blanchard, A- W.
Thompson, E. Hallet, W. L. Overhiser, J. A. Wilcox and
C. J. Mosley.
Califorsia Bank G. S. & M. Co., Jan. 15. Location:
Storey county, Nevada. Directors— John R. Spring,
E. P. Brown, A. B. Perkins, Arthur C. Taylor and Syd-
ney O. Herbert. Capital stock, $10,000,000, divided into
100,000 shares.
Bonanza M. Co., Jan. 15. Location: Virginia City,
Nevada. Objects: To acquire water rights, ditches and
flumes, and to develop certain mines. Directors— J.
R. Grannisf, H. W. Berryman, David Conkling, Richard
W. Heath, Jr. and John Landers. Capital stock, $10,-
000,000, divided into 100,000 shares.
Rocky Bar M. Co., Jan. 15. Location
ty, Nevada. Directors — E. J. Baldwin,
Alex. MacAbee, A. Roos and M. Strauss.
$0,000,000, divided into 60,000 shares.
Pomposa Quicksilver M. Co , Jan. 15. Location:
Santa Barbara- county. Directors— Joseph G. B. Isham,
S. Heydenfeldt, Jr., Christian Reis, O. H. Bogart and
S. Heydenfeldt. Capital stock, $10,000,000 divided into
100,000 Bhares.
Nevada Quicksilver M. Co., Jan. 15. Location:
Storey coun-
R. H. Lloyd,
Capital stock,
Monterey county. Directors— L. Goodwin, J. B. Win-
ter, Thos. Eagle, M. Little and H. F. Pitts. Capital
stock, $6,000,000, in 100,000 BhareB.
North Lady Bryan. M. Co., Jan, 16. Location:
Storey county, Nevada. Capital stock, $6,000,000. Di-
rectors—O. D. O'Sullivan, P. J. White, Robt. Sher-
wood, P. J. Cassinand Wm. Burley.
Consolidated Bonanza G. & S. Co., Jan. 19. Loca-
tion: Ormsby county, Nevada. Directors — Caleb 8.
Hobbs, John K. Hobbs, Wales L. Palmer, Israel W.
Knox and Dyer A. Carpenter. Capital stock, $5,000,000,
divided into 100,000 shares.
Eureka Lamp Co., Jan. 19. The object is to carry on
a general mercantile business of buying and selling and
manufacturing the self-lighting lamp and gas attach-
ments. Directors— A. L. Day, C. P. Rank, J. T. Doyle,
C. Ma6on and John Ben. Tungate. Capital stock,
SoO.OOO, divided into 5,000 shares.
tso S. M. Co., Jan. 16. Location: Virginia City,
Nevada. Capital stock, $10,000,000. Directors— S. H.
Chamberlin, J. P. Moore, L. P. F. Waller, O. K. Britell
and J. Weightmau.
Franklin Gravel M. Co., Jan, 19. Location : Placer
county, Cal. Capital stock, $2,000,000. Directors—
J. D. Fry, O. F. Griffin, R. N. Graves, J. Sharon and L.
A. Booth.
Central Comstock M. Co., Jan. 19. Location: Lyon
county, Nevada. Capital stock, $11,000,000. Direc-
tors— Oliver Eldridge, A. B. Forbes, G. Atkinson, A.
Wartz and James Duffy.
Ask the Mothers. — Women have better opportuni-
ties for observing the effects of medicine than men.
This is especially true of mothers, who note with a
keenness born of afiectiod, the operation of the reme-
dies they administer to their children. Now ask any
mother who has used Hale's Honey of Horehound and.
Tar in her family as a cure for cough, colds, hoarseness,
whooping cough, croup or influenza, what she thinks of
it. The answer, in every instance, will be that she has
found it the most effective preparation of its kind she
has ever tried or heard of.
Pike's Tooth-Ache Drops— Cure in one minute.
>atents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
Is-
[From Official Kefobtb fob the Mining and Scien-
tific; Press, DEWEY & CO., Publishers and
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch. Bated Washing-ton,
D. 0., Jan. 19th, 1875.
Foe Week Ending Jan. 5th, 1875.*
Suspension Buckle. — Edwin J. Eraser, S. F.,
Cal.
Amalgamator. — Edwin J. Frazer, S. F., Cal.
Pump. — Lewis Goodwin, Gold Hill, Nevada,
and Samuel A. West, S. F., Cal.
Gang Plow. — Christian Myers, Marysville,
Cal.
Kotakt Plow. — William H. Foye, S. F.,
Cal.
-John P. Sohmitz, S. F.,
Stench Tbap.
Oal.
Tback Cleaber for Habvesters.— Oria Du
Bois, San Jose", Cal.
Apparatus for Compacti'-q Granular Sugar
into Blocks. — August F. W. Partz, Oaklaud,
Cal.
Compacting Sugar into Blocks. — August F.
W. Partz, Oakland, Cal.
Coal Screen and Chute.-
S. F., Cal.
-Martin E. Roberts,
METALS.
Wednesday m,
American Pig Iron,^ ton
Scotch Pig lron,'$ ton
White PiK, $* ton
Oregon Pig, ^ ton
Refined Bar, bad assortment. iR lb
Refined Bar, good assortment, ^ lb
Boiler, No. 1 to 4
Plate, No. 5 to 9
Sheet, No. 10 to 13 t....
Sheet, No. 14 to 20
Sheet, No. 24 to 27
Horae Shoes, per keg
Nail Rod
Norway Iron
Rolled Iron
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Miners, etc
OOPPEK.—
Braziers'
Copper Tin'd
O.Niel'sPat
Sheathing. 3* lb
Sheathing, Yellow
Sheathing, Old Yellow
Composition Nails J
Composition Bolts
Tin Plates.—
Plates, Charcoal, IX ^ box
PlateB, I COhareoal
Rood nc Plates *
BancaTiQ, Slabs, ft lb.
Steel.— English Oast, ft lb ,...
Anderson A Woods' American CaBt.
Drill
Flat Bar
Plow Steel T. . .
Zinc
/.inc. Sheet
Nadls— Assorted sizes
Quicksilver, per ft
Jan. 20,
42 00
LEATHER.
Wednebdat m., Jan. 20, 1875.
Utty Tanned Leather, '# lb... 26@29
Santa Omz Leather, ft lb 26@29
Country Leather, ftb 24@2S
Stockton Leather, ft lb 25@29
Jodot, 8 Kil., per doz $50 00@ 5400
Jodot. 11 to 13 Kil.. per doz 68 OOftb 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz 82 00@94 00
Jodot, second ohoicB, 11 to IH Kil. ft doz 57 OOfcu 74 00
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00® 67 00
Cornell ian Females, 12 to 13 A3 OOfrz) 67 00
Cornellian Females. 14 to- 1G Kil 71 iK*@ 76 50
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 G0@ 6a 00
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00® 72 "0
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00i$ 75 00
Simon, IS Kil.,% doz 61 00@ 63 i'0
Simon, 20 KiL ft doz 65 00® 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. ft doz 72 00® 74 00
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 00
French Kips, ft lb 1 00a 1 15
California Kip, ft doz 40 00®] 6*- »
FrenohSheep, all colors, ft doz 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Calf for Backs, ft lb 100® 1 25
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, ft doz 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, ft doz 5 50® 10 SO
California Rnssett Sheep Linings....* 1 75® 4 50
BeBt Jodot Calf Boot Lsgs, ft pair 5 00® 5 25
Good French Calf Boot Legs, ft pair 4 00® 4 75
French Calf Boot Legs, ft pair 4 00®
Harness Leather, ft ft 30® 37 S
Fair Bridle Leather, ft doz 48 00® 72 00
Skirting Leather, ft A 33® 37«
Welt Leather, ft doz 30 00® 50 00
Buff Leather, ft foot 17®
Wax Side Leather, ft foot 17(5
Eastern Wax Leather — ® —
THE AMERICAN
TURBINE
Water Wheel.
Power Pledgred Equal to
any Over-shot Wheel
Ever Built.
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific tests by James Emerson, showing the following
useful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, % 50.08; J$ 69,fi4; % 78.73
"i 82.53; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emeraou says: " These are the "best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine Wheel
in my experience."
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
farther information desired, furnished on application to
TREAD WELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific States and Terrltorlee.
18v29-eow-tf
January 23, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
53
W
JOINING gUMMARY.
The followtnir is mostly condensed from joamaln pub-
lUhed in theintorior.in proximity to tbomioen ni«ntiontf 1 .
California.
AMADOR COUNTY.
Rush Gravel Mines. — Jackson. (Amador)
Dispatch, Jan. 1G: Messrs. Batterfield, Ryan,
Pawling, aud some four or five others of onr
citizens hare been prospecting a gravel claim
of tiboiu forty acres, about three mil .'8 below
this place, which has every indication of en-
riching its owners. The paying gravel is from
ten to forty feet thick, and extends over the
entire 40 acres; and in prospecting, good colors
were found in. every pan. The owners tire now
making preparations for conducting water from
the Amador Ganal to the claim, in order to suc-
cessfully aud thoroughly develop the same.
There is also another claim of forty acres, just
below aud adjoining the claim above mentioned,
belonging to the Messrs. Morrow, which is said
to be equally rich and valuable. We hope the
owners of these mines will not delay the noble
work of operating them ou an extensive scale,
as there can be but little doubt as to their ex-
tent and richness.
ALPINE COUNTY
A Question. — Alpine Chronicle, Jan. 0: The
Leviathan mine having been relocated, the
manager bus submitted the c*se to the Com-
missioner of the General Land Office. The
point raised is this: Th it the party iu charge
of the mine had orders to work it, and the
manager supposed the work was going on, but
it was not, and during the temporary absence
of the person having charge, it was relocated.
The question at issue is: Can employees thus
sacrifice the interests of innocent parties ?
Mill Site. — On Saturday last a mill site was
located on Silver Creek for the Occident, late
Bippon mine.
Relocated. — On the 1st instant the Morning
Star mine was relocated, and on the 2d, the
Leviathan mine was also jumped.
COLUSA COUNTY.
Roads. — Oolnsa San, Jan. 16: As Boon as the
weather will permit in the Spring, the Abbott
and Buckeye Mining companies intend to build
a good road from Sulphur Creek to Lower
Lake. These mines will then be within fifty
or tifty-fi ve miles of Calistoga, and there will
be a magnificent road all the way. The dis-
tance from Colusa to Sulphnr Creek is about
thirty-three miles, and thirty-five to the Aboott,
aud a miserable road to travel over. These
mines will have to build a road to the Lake to
get timber, and they will not build it on to the
Sacramento Valley. At present Grizzly Canon
pretty much stops all travel beyond the Abbott,
but once a good road made through that and
away goes the trade of all that region, unless
Colusa and those interested along the way
build a good road to Sulphur Creek.
CALAVERAS COUNTY
San Bruno — Calaveras Chronicle, Jan. 16;
The work of putting an engine and hoisting
works undergound, in the San Bruno mine at
Mosquito, is completed and sinking com-
menced. The engine is placed in the lower
tunnel of the mine, about 500 feet in from the
mouth, a large room having been hollowed out
of the solid rock for its reception. The smoke-
stack of the engine extends to the upper tun-
nel, a hundred feet or more above, and as there
is a powerful draft between the two tunnels it
is thought there will be no inconvenience from
heat or smoke. The object is to work the mine
by means of a shaft sunk from the lower tun-
nel, the engine being necessary to keep the
works free of water and hoist the roek. The
ore in the bottom of the tunnel is very rich,
and the owners of the mine think it can be got
out cheaper in the manner adopted than by
driving a level to tap the lode lower. The ma-
chinery has not been started yet, its assist-
ance not being required until the shaft reaches
a considerable depth. The result of this novel
mode of working the mine is awaited with in-
terest.
"West Point District. — The Mina Rica shaft
lias attained the depth of 165 feet, carrying a
large, handsome vein. The vein inclines now
in excess of the shaft and rich develop-
ments are looked for. A large force is em-
ployed at sinking, running levels, and stoping.
The mill started last Monday. The Good
Faith tunnel is being driven now at the rate of
7 feet every *24 hours. It is in 150 feet and the
first of the five veins belonging to the property
will be cut in about 40 feet farther. The Su-
perintendent of the Josephine who was unfa-
vorably predisposed in regard to the resources
of this district, has been somewhat disap-
pointed. Tb.3 main shaft is now a few feet be-
low water level, showing ore fully five feet in
width. The ore looks splendid, showing hand-
some snlphurets of lead and iron, and plenty
of free gold. A Btreak nearest the hanging
wall and a Btreak nearest the foot wall, each
one a foot thick, are estimated to yield not leas
than $100 per ton; the balance, 3 feet, will
mill in the neighborhood of $20 per ton.
Henry & Son have started their mill and are
now Bteadily running on ore from their mines
on Valentine Hill. The Zicatero has struck
better ore than ever and the working force has
been increased. The Haskins mine at Big
Flat yields as ricfi ore as previous.
INYO COUNTY.
Cinnabar Discoveries. — Inyo Independent
Jan, 9; If Inyo county don't amount to some-
thing it won't be because it don't possess a
a sufficient quantity and variety of minerals
Now comes one Mattock, a mining man of Car
son, Nevada, with the discovery of an exten-
sive cinnabar mine in Piute district, just east
of Bishop oreek. We have no particulars of
the discovery, but as it is an established fact
that that section has a number of very fine
gold and silver mines, aud now the quicksilver
to work them right at haud, that end of the
county ought to maintain its balance of power
very easily.
Pine Mountain. — We have Borne very flatter-
ing reports of late developments and discov-
eries at Pine Mountain. Eph Harrington,
whose geueral knowledge of the mines of this
region is very complete, aud whose judgment is
second to none, is confident thisis going to prove
itself the "king district" of this entire
country. Broder & Moffat fully intend to have
a furnace in operation there iu a short time.
Ther6 is euough ore now ou the several dumps
to keep a furnace running a long time.
Widening:.— Superintendent Todd informs us
that the vein of rich black 8ulphur6ts in the
lowei levels of the Kearsarge continues to widen
as work progresses. We also bear that a heavy
force will be put to work on thn mine early in
the Bpriug.
Across the River— Mr. Messenger, of San
Francisco, has been examiuing and reporting
upon some of tbe old original mining locations
in the foothills of the Inyo range across the
river. May of these were of the case knife,
strata order, bearing exceedingly limited
amounts of intractible ore, the location and at-
tempted workings of which date back to the
days of '63, when they built costly mills before
obtaining the somewhat necessary mine. But
all accounts agree that a mile or so back from
the seams in the main mountains there is an
extensive and rich mineral belt— so that by a
little energy and perseverance there would have
been no occasion for the final downfall Owens-
ville, Crysopolis, Bend City, San Carlos, etc. —
all of which once lively places, before and dur-
ing the Indian war are now numbered among
the things that were.
M EDO CI NO COUNTY.
Ukiah, Mendocino Democrat: About a ton of
ore has just been shipped from the Wurtenburg
& Burger mine, about a mile and a half from
town, to San Francisco, for a thorough testing,
so we may soon know fully how it is going to
yield.
MARIPOSA COUNTY.
Washington Mine. — Mariposa Gazette, Jan.
16: We understand that the managers of this
successful and valuable mine are about con-
tracting for six thousand oords of wood, to be
delivered at the mill during the coming spring
and summer, this is an inducement to wood
choppers and teamsters, and indicates business
and prosperity for that locality.
NAPA COUNTY
Calistoga. — Napa Gazette, Jan. 16: Work has
been resumed in three tunnels of the Calistoga
mine, but the mill is still closed. No ores are
being hauled.
Gold from Foss VAiLEy.— Gold bearing rock
has been brought in from Foss valley that
assays $800 to the ton. If subsequent assays
confirm this some little excitement will doubt-
less be raised.
NEVADA COUNTY.
Providence. — Nevada Transcript, Jan. 16':
The Providence mine has been for a year or
more, trying to work out a bonanza in their
mine, and have not found the end of it yet.
The rock is not quite as rich as that in the Cal-
ifornia and Virginia Consolidated, but inves-
tors in the Btock of the Providence are not in
danger of having values fall several millions in
a day; on the contrary the value is continually
on the increase.
Convenient. — The ditches which conduct
water from the. mountains to the towns and
mines on their lines, over on the San Juan
Ridge, are being utilized in floating flume
blocks from the saw-mills above, to the mines
below. These blocks are sawed above Colum-
bia hill, and floated down the ditch to the
points above, and near San Juan, thereby
saving several miles of hauling with teams.
We presume wood can also be shipped in the
same manner. It saves an enormous bill of
expense, and guarantees an inexhaustible sup-
ply of mining timber.
Beautiful Bar. — We saw a beautiful bar of
gold, the result of a few day's clean up of one
of our quartz mines. The bar was valued at
$9,000.
Deadman's Flat.— Foothill Tidings, Jan. 10:
Deadmau'a Fat, two or three miles south wes-
terly from this town is getting to be a lively flat
for prospectors. McCook Brothers and San-
ford have been getting good pay out of the
Pittsburg mine out there for some time, but on
Monday last they struck it richer than ever —
$80 to the pan. Mr. Ww. K. Spencer, the
worthy telegraph agent here has a quartz
claim near the Pittsbutg, which it is said to
resemble closely and whieh we hope to see- pan-
ning out soon. A prospecting company Btarted
work on a new ledge near there a few dayB Bince
and already have a good paying claim. Dead-
man's Flat may yet prove many a live man's
raise.
That gold trap is in daily operation at the
Empire mill and the inventor is sanguine of
great success. No clean up has yet been made,
[This item refers to the amalgamator whiohMr,
JL'unbridge took up to Grass Valley to test at
one of the mills. We will give the results of
hiB work as soon as tbe new mine is cleaned
up.— Eds. Press.]
A
PLACER COUNTY.
Booth.— Placer Herald, Jan. 16: The
-•lipse mill htn bten pouudiug for some time
ou rock from tbe Booth mine, but a crack dis-
covered in the bottom of one of the batteries,
by which the amalgam was beiDg wasted,
OftQsed the mill to be stopped for a short time,
aud necessitated a clean-up sooner than was
calculated on. At the time of the clean-up
there had been about 100 tons of rock crushed,
from which was obtained 137% ounces of gold.
From the damaged battery, which is }-« heavier
than the other, aud must have crushed ] > more
rock, there was obtained l4 less gold, proving
that enough was wasted to have raised the
yield of the rook to nearly or quite $30 a ton,
which is decidedly an encouraging figure, es-
pecially wheu we consider the size of the ledge
from which it is obtained.
Business. — The Greene mining company is
rushing things iu a business like way, which
would lead us to infer that they have struck a
bonanza. The old water-power mill belonging
to the company is being torn down, and a fine
new mill, to be driven by steam power is being
erected uear the hoisting works. With this
improvement completed the company will be
in a condition second, perhaps, to none in the
county to work a quartz mine to advantage.
And they have the mine to work. Betweea 200
and 300 tons of rich ore is already on the
dump, awaiting the completion of this new
mill.
SANTA CLARA COUNTY.
Otm Mineral Wealth. — San Jose Mercury,
Jan. 16: It has long been believed that Santa
Clara county possessed mineral wealth in some
degree, but to what extent but little has been
known from the fact that scarcely anything has
been done towards the development of her
mines. The belief of those who held that de-
posits of various kinds of ore could be found in
our bills has been confirmed by recent discov-
eries. In addition to our valuable quicksilver
mines, there are many traces of iron, lead,
coal, and even gold and silver and other rich
minerals. Of silver and lead a rich discovery
has already been made, and there are places
where there are fine prospects for gold, both
quartz and placer. At Steven's creek, west of
the valley, there are fine indications for the
latter. At the head of the stream several
Mexicans are now at work, and we are told by
responsible parties that they are making on an
average $3 per day. If properly developed,
we doubt not our mineral resources would con-
tribute largely to our wealth.
SONOMA COUNTY.l
Valuable Discoveby. — Sonoma Democrat,
Jan. 16: Ahout two thousand feet east of the
Moulton mine, on J. A. Carrie's place, near Clo-
verdale, Tom Thompson, Dr. Sarnie, John
Field and others, have located a new mine
which promises to be of great value. Tom
Thompson, of Cloverdale, was the discoverer.
In the gulch near the reservoir, the ledge is
said to show very plain. The outcrop is pro-
nounced by experts to be first-class, and the
general impression is that the mine will prove
immensely valuoble.
Quicksilveb Locations. — The law regulat-
ing the location of quicksilver claims provides
that the greatest quantity that can be located
by any one person, or by any association of
persons, is fifteen hundred feet on the ledge,
together with a surface location of three hun-
dred feet on each side of the ledge. Parties
intending to work a claim as a company should
make their locations as individuals before form-
ing their company, otherwise they will be lim-
ited to a single individual's allowance. A "dis-
coverer" is entitled to no more than any other
person, whether he has a family or not.
SIERRA COUNTY.
Struck It Rich. — Mountain Messenger, Jan.
16 : Jack Hardy has found rich diggings in his
claim at Chapparral Hill. Jack deserves to be
rewarded for years of unremunerative prospect-
ing in this ground, and his many friends hope
that he has at last struck a good lead.
Pubchased. — J. Denoon, the superintendent
of the Empire, Howland Flat, has bought the
Phoenix mine, at Hepsidam, for $7,000. Jim,
we trust this may prove a profitable investment.
Paying Well. — The Empire claim, at How-
land Flat, is steadily turning oat large amounts
of gold, with no prospect of any cessation in
the yield.
SISKIYOU.
Gold Pbospects. — Yreka Journal, Jan. 2:
Sam Jackson informs us that there is a hill
near Maxwell's mill, at the head of Shasta
valley, over all parts of which a goid prospect
can be obtained. He further says there are
very large quartz ledges in the vioinity. He
thinks it not improbable that the hill would
pay for working by hydraulic prooess. The
matter is at least worth the attention of pros-
pectors.
TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
Lady Washington.— Tuolumne Inddpendent,
Jan. 16 : Shaft iB now down 140 feet below the
tunnel level, being at a point 300 feet below the
surface. The rock looks better as they sink,
and they have now a three-foot vein which
prospects splendidly. The intention is to put
the shaft down 200 feet further— making 500
feet from the surface; and if the rock at that
depth shows as good as at present, the shaft
will still continue its prospecting journey
towards the center of the earth.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Ophib.— Gold Hill News, Jan. 14th: Daily
yield, 260 tons, taken from the 1300 and 1465-
fc levels, and the stopes aud floors between.
The north winze below the 1465-ft level con-
tinues in very rich ore, and the same may be
said of the cross-cuts from tbe winze below this
level, near the Cslifornia line. The cross-cuts
east from the 1465-ft level having gone consid-
erably beyond the ore body are in the east coun-
try rock. with occasional seams of low grade ore,
eacouragiug further explorations iu that direc-
tion.
Consolidated Vibginia — Daily yield, 425
tons, from the 1300 to the 1550-ft levels, exclu-
sive. The ore breasts aud stopes throughout
never looked so well. The winze ou the
1550-ft level has been sunk several feel since
last report and continues in ore of very high
grade. The north drift has been extended
through the mine into the Califoruia some 35
feet, and continues iu very excellent ore.
Beloheb. — Daily yield, 400 tons, from the
old ore sections. Nothing new to report from
the winzes below the 1400-f t level ; they all
continue in good ore, and it remains for the
drift, now being run from the main incline into
the 1500-ft level to develop the true value of
that level.
Califobnia.—AU the crosscuts ou the 1400-ft
level are looking exceedingly well, crosscut No.
1 being in a vein of ore of exceeding richness,
assaying over $300 per ton on the average.
Judging from the levels below, this vein must
be of great width. The ore in the various
crosscuts on the 1500-ft level is identical in ap-
pearance and value with that found in crosscut
No. 1, atthe southern b mndary. The ore in
the face of the breasts in all the crosscuts is
of a very high grade.
Geobgia. — This mine lies between the Kock
Island and Florida, upon the south side of the
American Flat division of the great Comstock.
It is an old location, and the old tunnel and
winze which have been lying idle for years
past are now, under the new proprietorship,
being reopened and worked, with a view to
ascertaining the situation and dip of the ledge,
preparatory to sinking a first-clsss working
shaft.
Justice. — The station at the fourth level of
the main Justice shaft is well opened, and the
connection with the drift north from the Waller
Defeat shaft will be made very shortly.
Julia. — Shaft still sinking at a lively rate ,
with the bottom in soft porphyry, clay and
quartz. The south drift at the 1000-ft level
shows decided improvement.
Leo. — The face of the tunnel is now in
quite soft ledge matter. The ledge is over fonr
feet wide, and steadily improving in character
as headway is made. The prospects are very
favorable for developing a rich body of ore
soon.
Eubopa. — The winze below th; tunnel, at the
west side of the vein is now down 82 feet. At
the depth of 100 feet it is proposed to crosscut
east into the vein, to ascertain its value and
dip at that point.
Gould & Cubby. — The double winze sunk
from the 1000-ft level has reached the 1700-ft
level, and the work of drifting south to con-
nect with the main incline is making good
headway.
Flibida.— New shaft down 355 feet to-day,
with the bottom in hard blasting rock, with
fine looking stringers of quartz, dipping east
and showing considerable improvement as
farther sunk upon.
Loweb Comstock.— Work is about being re-
sumed on this old claim at Silver City, under
the superintendence of Capt. Sam Cnrtis. A
deep shaft is to be sank, with a crosscut at the
bottom through the lode. The old workings,
although developing good bunches of ore giv-
ing high assays, were not deep enough for a
good concentrated ledge.
Caows Point.— Daily yield, 500 tons. Noth-
ing new in the crosscuts east at the 1500-ft
level, or other prospecting movements at that
or other levels of the mine. The main incline
is sinking deeper very satisfactorily, and the
1600-ft level is being opened. The ore breasts
and stopes of the old regular working levels
are looking and yielding finely as usual.
Chollab-Potosi.— Daily yield, 40 tons. Car
sample assays $36 per ton, showing a slight
improvement in the quality of the ore extract-
ed. Prospeoting operations going ahead as
usual.
Silveb Hill.— The drift* both north and
south at the third level show considerable im-
provement in the way of good pay ore.
Woodville. — The new shaft is making excel-
lent progress downward, the rock improving
all the time, and works operating finely. The
ore sections yield enough to keep the mill run-
ning steadily. .... . .. .
Buckeye.— The material being sunk through
at the lower end of the incline indicates close
proximity to the ledge.
Lady Washington— The station for the 300-
ft level is being opened. Sinking the shaft
below this point, however, will be suspended,
but it will be continued down to see if good ore
developments cannot be found, similar to that
iu the neighboring mine, the Justice.
Hale & Nobcboss.— Daily yield, about 100
tons, from the upper workings. On the 2100 ft
level they are extending the cross-cuts weBt
from the main incline, and making good pro-
Baltimobe. — Work is temporarily suspended
at the 750ft level, but drifting will be resumed
in a couple of days. The new and powerful
hoisting and pumping machinery for this mine
is on its way. .
Yellow Jacket.— The main incline is sink-
ing at a good rate of progress, and the various
prospecting drifts at the lower levels are going
ahead.
54
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
Kern County Mines.
The Kern County Courier says: Not long
aftei the era of quartz mining in this State it
was found that an immense vein of this min-
eral extended from the southern confines of
Slariposa to the northern limits of Amador
county. In some places it was a solid lead of
from thirty to seventy feet in thickness, and in
some cases it ramified into numerous strata or
branches separated by the country rock. Many
parte of this vein, or vein system, was found
to be rich, and all the valuable mines of Mari-
posa, Tuolumne, Calaveras and Amador are
located thereon; and, in process of time it was
found that all leads of gold bearing quartz that
had no connection with this great mother lode
were not permanent, and that, however rich
they might be, they were sure to "peter" out.
Experts in deciding upon the value of any new
discovery made the matter of its connection
with the mother lode one of the first subjects
of consideration. Their judgment almost inva-
riably conformed to the way this was decided.
The fact that the mother lode was believed not
to extend south of Mariposa long exerted a pre-
judicial influence to the miningjinterests of this
county, preventing investments of capital ade-
quate to their development, although it was ad-
mitted in no part of the State were external in-
dications more favorable. But of late, as the
country has been more thoroughly explored,
this unfavorable judgment is found not to be
sustained by facts. A great mother lode — a
true fissure vein — has been distinctly traced,
not ody entirely across this county, but well
into the counties of San Bernardino and
Tulare, and if it is not an extension of that to
the northward it is a similar and more exten-
sive one, giving the same or even greater
promise ol permanence to miniog operations
on the line of its course. In this county sev-
eral valuable discoveries have been made upon
it, chief of which is the Big Blue or Sumner
mine, at Kernville, but there are half a dozen
others that will prove just as permanent and
valuable in the same stage of development, at
Hot Spring Valley, Walker's Basin and Teha-
chepi. An expert who has devoted much time
to an examination of this great mother lode,
recently gave it as his deliberately formed opin-
ion that Kern county is the best gold mining
region in the State. This we have always be-
lieved, and predict in less than five years there
will be a half dozen mines in operation, as pro-
ductive, extensive, and enjoying the same con-
fidence of capiital as that at Kernville, afford-
ing an insatiate market for home produce, and
enhancing the value of farming lands to un-
precedented figures. There is danger, as things
look now, of an over-production of silver, but
not of gold. We contemplate the vast deposits
of this precious metal in Kern county with
profound pleasure and hope, undisturbed by
the most distant and intangible apprehension.
Waste.
Everybody knows that a great deal of gold
and silver are, every year, wasted from our
mines and mills. No process of working has
yet been found which will save all of the pre-
cious metals. Improvements in saving have
been made every year and perfection is being
gradually approximated to, and may, some day
be attained. But the waste has been very
great. We venture to say that the tailings
which overspread, the farms below, and which
the classical grangers call "slickens," are rich
in gold and silver, not to speak of the quick-
silver. It will pay somebody, some of these
days, to work portions of these "slickens" for
the metals they contain. A few days ago a
gentleman who is sojourning here and who has
a machine for saving gold, after one of our best
mills has got done with its slimes, casts his eye
on the big pile of sulphurets which have been
put through the chlorination process of work-
ing. He thought there might be something of
value in those cast aside sulphurets. He ac-
cordingly made a careful assay of some samples
taken from one of these piles. His assay
showed a value of $15 per ton, in silver. The
chlorination process has taken the gold out of
those sulphurets but had left the silver in them.
The same gentleman will make still further
assays from those old sulphuret piles, with a
view to extracting the silver that is in them, by
some cheap and rapid process of working.
Those sulphurets have been used somewhat ex-
tensively as a paint, and they make an excellent
fire-proof paint, and yet they are worth about
$15 a ton for silver. That waste is likely soon
to be corrected. — Grass Valley Union.
Scorpion. — This is a '59 location, and qne of
the oldest on the Comstoct lode. It is sit-
uated north and east of the Union Consolida-
ted ground, directly on the curve which the
lode is supposed to make toward the east, at
the north end, as shown by the recent ore de-
velopments in Consolidated Virginia, California
and Ophir. There are 4,000 feet and 40,000
shares in the claim. The stock is concentrated
in strong hands, and is quoted on the stock
board at §5 per share. A tunnel 1,200 feet in
length has been run on the ledge, and cross-
cuts and winzes are now being made to deter-
mine the character and dip of the vein at that
point. B-. N. Graves has been appointed Su-
perintendent, and the explorations now going
on are for the purpose of guiding him on the
selection of a suitable location for permanent
works and a main shaft.
About $16,000 was cleaned up at the Virtue
mill, near Baker City, Oregon, during the
month of December.
Alameda Coal Mines.
Livermore Coal Mine.
Work is still progressing in the tunnel ap-
proaching the main strata.
Black Hawk Mine.
The tunnel in this mine has progressed about
forty feet, with very encouraging prospects.
An offer has been made from San Jose of cap-
ital to develop the mine.
A New Mine.
A prospecting tunnel has been opened near
Sunol, and a sample of the coal has been sent
to San Francisco for testing its qualities.
H. A. Coal Mine.
The work on this mine is suspended for the
present. The present issue of pro-rata shares
are all taken up, and work will be again com-
menced in the spring. Mr. Wm. P. Canttey,
a former superintendent of a mine in Pennsyl-
vania, has made an examination of this mine,
and reports that the shale covering is now being
taken from the coal strata or bed. He speaks
very favorably of the mine. He was so favor-
ably impressed that he at once took sixty shares
of the stock.
Contra Costa Mine.
Work is suspended on this mine preparatory
to opening the tunnel 300 feet below the present
prospeoting tunnel. The prospects above war-
ranting the extra outlay of a new tunnel.
Ethel Coal Mine.
This mine is located on a branch of the San
Leandro creek, about a mile above the Chabot
water works. A tunnel is being opened 16
feet wide and eight feet high; and although
but a few feet into the hill, good prospects have
been struck. The line of this coal strata has
been surveyed, and passes directly through the
H. A. and Black Hawk mines.
Grass Valley Mine.
Work in this mine is suspended until the ap-
plication to the Government for condemnation
of the land for mineral purposes is granted.
Prospecting has been going on for the past
week in the hill below San Leandro for coal
deposits. Coal croppings have recently been
discovered on Luce and Call's places, above
Haywood. An offer has been made to
Thomas Heller of a thousand dollars, to be
taken in shares, if he will open the coal mine
on his place.— Oakland Trnascript.
The Alta gravel lead seems to be a pretty
hard thing to follow up or find. Several nice
fortunes have already been taken out of the
deposits opened and worked thereon, and, con-
sidering that it is a well defined ancient river
bed, and must be continuous above and below
the part opened, there is every reason to be-
lieev there are several fortunes left, Clendenin,
who has had an experience of over twenty years
in this kind of mining, and has made the
subject a special study for over twelve years
past, says there are six more deposits on the
Alta lead near Grass Valley, just as good
as the No. 2 was, and he seems very certain
that he has the knowledge of their whereabouts
and can put men on the track thereof, so that
no great waste of labor and money need be
made in opening them up. As there has
been much work thrown away in useless search
for the channel and lead above and below the
discovery claim, would it not be well to listen
to the old man a little? He may not be so
crazy on the subject as many put him up for.
He has a claim himself that he is sure he can
reach the cannel in by running 100 feet more
of tunnel, and being unable to prosecute the
work alone, he offers a good lay-out to capital
or labor to come in and help him through. He
says there is a fortune for two in that claim,
and a very small sum will enable him to reach
it. — Foothill Tidings.
The Consolidated Virginia Mill. — Persons
who visit the new mill of the Consolidated
Virginia mining company, the sound of which
is like music, and whoBe sixty stamps do not
make as much noise as many five-stamp mills,
should not confine their observations to the re-
ducing works alone, but should pass down the
hill and see the extensive preparations being
made to save the tailings. Walls of earth have
been raised around two large excavations, which
are now blue lakes of liquid debris and pulver-
ized ore, which is now continually flowing into
them from the settlers. But the operations do
not terminate here. Wooden sluices are being
extended as far as the mouth of the old Latrobe
tunnel, several hundred feet further down the
hill where a large reservoir has been enclosed
into which the refuse of the mill will flow and
deposit what tailings it contains before it finally
escapes down Six-Mile Canon. A large force of
men are engaged in completing the worts and
several teams are hauling lumber for their
construction. A long trestlework is being
built with a flat surface, divided by longitudinal
strips of wood. Upon this blankets will be
spread to catch the metal as the tailings flow
over them. No experienced person can view
without admiration the perfection of the new
mill in every department and the close atten-
tion paid to detail. The building itself and the
operations connected with reducing the ore oc-
cupy several acres of ground, every foot of
which is economized for some useful purpose.
When thoroughly completed the establisnment
will be superior in many respects to any other
silver-bearing quartz mill in existence in this or
any other mining country. — Virginia Chronicle,
Jan. nth.
Mica Mines in North Carolina.
The discovery of a valuable deposit of mica
in Nevada recently, renders the. following facts
in regard to the only other mines known in
this country, of interest. The Scientific Amer-
ican says:
Among the most interesting relics of the
mysterious race of mound builders, who occu-
pied the Mississippi valley previous to the ad-
vent of the more barbarous Indians, are numer-
ous ornaments of mica. Like the weapons of
hammered copper from Lake Superior, the
shells from the Gulf of Mexico, the implements
of Mexican Btone and of Missouri iron, these
plates of a mineral not found in the great val-
ley, give a plain hint of the extensive commer-
cial relations of these prehistoric people.
Mica was evidently mined in Western North
Carolina, where their long abandoned workings
have lately been reopened, and made the scene
of a very modern enterprise. Seven years or
so ago, a prominent citizen of North Carolina
set some laborers to work in one of the ancient
mines, in search of silver, supposing that
metal to have been the one sought for by the
original miners. A considerable quantity of
mica was thrown out, but its value was not
recognized until a sample, which had been sent
to Knoxville, as a curiosity, was seen by a Mr.
Clapp, who followed up the clue and leased the
mine for its mica, and revived an industry
which has added immensely to the wealth of
the region. The mine is known as Blaylock's,
about twelve miles from Bakersville, the county
seat of Mitchell couuty. Four or five other
ancient mines have since been re-opened in the
same neighborhood, besides many new ones in
the same and adjoining counties.
The mica trade has given general occupation
to the population of Mitchell county, and has
mado money plentiful and thereby enabled the
county to pay off its indebtedness, wh.ich it
otherwise would have been unable to do. Mines
have also been opened in Yancy, Heywood,
Burcome, McDowell and other counties. The
business is still in its infanoy, and the methods
of mining are exceedingly primitive, yet the
amount of mica produced is more than enough
to supply the large and growing demand for the
article. Dealers and manufacturers supply the
mines with" patters ranging in size from 2 by 3
inches up to 15 inches square, according
to which the mica is prepared for market. The
dark or brandy colored mica brings the best
price. Associated with the mica is an abun-
dance of decomposed snow-white felspar, which
will, no doubt, be utilized in time, for the man-
ufacture of porcelain.
The New Oregon Mines. — Mrs. Heard re-
ceived letters the first of the present week from
her husband at the New Oregon mines on
Rogue river near the mouth of Galice creek. He
thinks the mines, without question, are ex-
tremely rich. Owing to the bad weather and
lack of facilities of all kinds, but little work
will be done in the way of developing them till
spring. However considerable work is being
done in the way of taking out quartz to be
crushed when mills shall be erected. One mill
has already been ordered and will be up and
ready for use by spring. The place is yet with-
out hotels for the accommodation of people or
stables for the accommodation of horses. Mr.
Heard has taken up two claims on the ledge
and a land claim in the vicinity for a farm . The
country iB, we understand, very mountainous,
but has, notwithstanding, small bits of land
here and there on the streams adapted to agri-
cultural and grazing purposes. Mr. Heard's
account of the richness of the mines, the
prospects of the district, and "of his own pros-
pects in particular are quite flattering, but
we hope not more so tnan future developments
will justify. — Treka Journal.
Sitka Mines. — The Portland (Oregon) Bulle-
tin says: J. H. Fisk, the well known assay er of
this city, is corresponding with parties who
have been engaged in prospectining and min-
ing on the Sitka region during the past summer.
From a letter recently received from Sitka we
extract the following in relation to the wonder-
ful mine lately found: "The discoverers of the
mine went up to it in October, but there was so
much Bnow they had to leave. As soon as the
snow disappears I will accompany them. They
seem to think it a permanent discovery. * * *
On an island in front of this place, where they
are prospecting for coal they have struck a two-
foot ledge, containing copper and gold. ThiB
country is a mine of wealth, and I intend to re-
main with it."
Avalanches in Utah. — Dispatches from Salt
Lake city, dated the 14th inst., say: Terrible
snow storms are prevailing throughout the Ter-
ritory. The canons of Cottonwood are com-
pletely blocked with snow, and avalanches
are occurring hourly, the citizens of Alta, Utah,
fearing the destruction of the town from snow.
They have guides out daily for the purpose of
warning the people. The four men killed by
an avalanche on Tuesday will be buried to-
morrow, under the auspices of the Masonic
fraternity.
Castle Dome district, above Yuma, in Yuma
county, Arizona, is yielding considerable ore
and bullion. Geo. Tyng, Esq., writes us on
December 24th, that 160 tons of ore had just
gone to the mouth of the river for shipment to
San FranciBco, and that 200 tons more were
ready for shipment by the next steamer.
Quartz Mining on South Yuba.
From a correspondent near Washington in
this county we learn that the well-known
Lindsey mine in that vicinity has lately been
incorporated under the name of the Fall
Creek company, with Capt. Kidd Bell
and others as Directors, and a capital stock
of $5,500,000. It is reported that they will
remove the mill and werks from the top of the
hill down near the river, which will give them I
1600 feet of ground above the tunnel to their (I
present works, and our correspondent thinks if 1 1
they do and select the right point and open the
mine well, there is no trouble about making
big dividends from this property. South of
this ib the Yuba mine, owned by F. A. S. Jones,
whicn is looking splendidly, having rich rock
at the surface for 400 feet, and a tunnel driving
in to open it up. North and south on the same
lode are several locations of much promise,
which our correspondent says he will mention
at some future time. Still farther south than
any previous locations a rich lead of quartz
has lately been discovered by J. F. Smith. His
ledge is about two feet thick, and the rock will
average eighty dollars per ton. It is stated
there that it will produce $200 rock, and our
correspondent says "so it will, but the average
is the thing, and what it will mill, and this can
be put at eighty dollars."
The California mine near Washington, is go-
ing on nicely. The Canyon Creek is doing a
little, and has the appearance of good rock, but
the mill has not started up yet. The tunnel on I
the Blue Tent ditch continues in hard rock,
but is expected' to be through in two or three
weekB. — Foothill Tidings.
Cheap Boxes for Plants.
The cost to the amateur of handling and
potting plants in the early stages of their
growth is trifling; but to the nurseryman, who
carries thousands of horticultural nurslings
through from one period of growth to another,
the expense of boxes and pots is considerable.
We learn, however, that some of the nursery-.
men of Capay valley have adopted a device,
which almost does away with this expense.
One of them, while on a visit to Swan & Co.'gj
Union Box Factory had his attention called to
a method by which boxes may be formed byj
simply folding a scored piece of board so as to
form a box with four sides, the ends lapping,
and requiring nothing but a string tied about
it to constitute a box sufficiently strong for i
nursery purposes. When the pJant is to be
transferred from this to a larger box or to the
garden, by simply cutting the string and un-
folding the sides, the plant is disengaged with-
out disturbing the earth by sliding.
Some of these Bcored pieces were recently}
examined by us at the above named factory.
They were about a foot in width and longj
enough to form a box 4x4 inches. This is tot
be cut into three sections; each being 4 inches
square; though the size, of course, can be
varied; and being only the thickness of the
common strawberry box they can easily be cut
into sections with a pocket kn?fe. The factory
furnishes these boards, scored and ready for
folding, at one cent each. Thus the purchaser
has the material for three boxes at the cost of
one cent; and in a condition as convenient for
transportation as a package of pasteboard.
The New Shaft. — The new California and
Consolidated Virginia shaft, better known as
the C. an C. shaft, although recently com-
menced, already begins to present the appear-
ance of regular hoisting works. A large build-
ing has been erected over its mouth, an engine
is in full operation, the shaft is down a distance
of 75 feet, and a dump-pile extends from 25 to
30 feet down the hill, and is in miniature that
which it will become when the shaft has been
sunk to the required depth. There is plenty of
room to the eastward to extend it, even should
it iu future time equal the proportions of the
Savage dump or that of the Gould & Curry. A
large amount of lumber is being hauled upon
the ground for the purpose of timbering the
shaft, and the neighborhood exhibits a lively
appearance. Three months ago it was one of
the most barren localities about town, but now
an army of workmen are engaged in the vicinity,
the Bcream of steam-whistles and noise of en-
gines are heard, teamsterB are making new
roads through the sagebrush, and a portion of
the city which was heretofore deserted and
without attractions of any kind, has suddenly
sprung into a new existenoe. — Virginia Chron-
icle.
Smelter Destroyed. — The Helena Independ-
ent says: Cn Friday evening, about seven.'
o'clock, the furnace situated about two miles
from Jefferson City, was discovered to be on
fire, and as the wind was blowing a gale at the
time, the whole building was soon enveloped
in names, and in a shorter time than it takes
to write this article, all that was left of the
Jefferson smelter was a heap of smoking ruins.
Many of the surrounding miners were workingi
in the expectation of selling their ores to Mr.
Nowlan, and with some of whom we believe
he had contracts. To these parties it will prove
a great disappointment.
The Correct Way. — We understand that a
movement is on foot to thoroughly test the
worth and value of the Santiam mines during
the present season.. For 15 years this section
has been scratched over after a fashion, re-
sulting as could be expected. — Portland (0)
Bullttin.
January 23, 1875.)
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
55
Qood HE4LTH-
Treatment of Diptheria.
The following rules for the prevention or
extirpation of diptberia form the couclndiug
sentences of a report submitted reoently by
Dr. Stephen Smth. of the D. S. Board of
Health.
Precautions— The Dwelling or Apartment.
Cleanliness in and around the dwelling, aud
pure air in living and sleeping rooms, are of
the utmost importance wherever auy conta-
gions disease is prevailing, as cleanliness tends
both to prevent and mitigate it. Every kind
and source of filtu around and in the house
should be thoroughly removed; cellars and foul
areas should be cleaned and disinfected; drains
should be put in perfect repnir; dirty walls and
ceiling* Bhonld be lime-washed; and every oc-
cupied room should be thoroughly ventilated.
Apartments which have been occupied by per-
sons sick with diptheria should be cleansed
with disinfectants, ceilings lime-washed and
woodwork painted, the carpets, bedclothes, up-
holstered furniture, exposed many days to fr ah
air and sunlight. AH articles which may be
boiled or subjected to high degrees of heat
should be thus disinfected. Such rooms should
be exposed to currents of fresh air for at least
one week before re-ocoupied.
Well Children.
When diptheria is prevailing, no child should
be allowed to kiss strange children, nor those
Buffering from sore throat (tbe disgusting cus-
tom of compelling children to kiss every visitor
a well contrived method of propagating
other grave diseases than diptheria) nor should
it sleep with or be confined to rooms occupied
by, or use articles (as toys taken in the mouth,
haodkerchies, etc.) belonging to children hav-
ing Bore throat, croup or catarrh. If the
weather is cold the child should be warmly clad
with flannel*.
When Diptheria is in the Family.
The well children should be scrupulously
kept apart from the sick, in dry and well aired
rooms, and every possible source of infection,
through the air, by personal contact with the
sick and by articles used about them in their
rooms, should be rigidly guarded. Every at-
tack of sore throat, croup, or catarrh, should
be at once attended to. The feeble should have
invigorating food and treatment.
Sick Children.
The siok should be rigidly isolated in well
aired (the air being entirely changed at least
hourly) unlighted rooms the outflow of air be-
iDg, as far as possible, through the external
windows by depressing the upper and elevat-
ing the lower sash, or a chimney heated by a
fire in an open fireplace; all discharges from the
mouth and nose should be received into vessels
containing disinfectants, as solutions of car-
bolic acid or sulphate of zinc, or upon cloths
which are immediately burned, or if not burned,
thoroughly boiled or placed under a disinfect-
ing fluid.
Scarlet Fever and Dyptheria.
The prevalence of scarlet fever, and dypthe-
ria, as an epidemic in many sections, induces
us to call attention to the use of broma-chlo-
raluin, as an agent for purifying the air of the
dwellings and siok rooms by neutralizing and
destroying at once all noxious odors and gases,
as well as germ of disease, and putrescent par-
ticles floating imperceptibly in the air.
It is a concentrated solution of aluminium
chloride and bromide, inodorous and nou pois-
onous and after repeated trials, has been found
to be both agreeable and potent. It promptly
absorbs and decomposes all ammoniacal and
noxious gaseB, and renders the atmosphere and
surrounding objects sweet and wholesome.' It
has been tested in such a variety of cases with
such uniform success, that we feel warranted
in recommending it to the public for general
use, in all plaaes or circumstances that give rise
to unhealthy, bad odors.
A striking merit of bromo-chloralum is, that
it operates by removal and not by creating an
odor greater than the one sought to be removed.
Can be applied m the most simple manner, di-
recting it according to the object or locality to
be purified. Indeed one great element of its
success is the capability of free diffusion, caus-
ing it to purify the air as well as the walls,
ceilings and floors.
For scarlet fever and other contagious dis-
eases suspend towels in the room moistened
with it diluted. Use freely on all bedding
and in the chamber utensils, previous to use,
as by this method the poison of excretions is
neutralized.
Also when the throat is ulcerated or inflamed,
gargle with it diluted one to ten of water. We
are advised that patients feel much comfort
from the use of a dilution of one part to 12 or
16 of watur as a wash; all speak of its soothing
influence when applied to the burniug, itching
surface. It neutralizes the poison, limits the
spread of the disease. Attendants should use
the same freely upon their clothes and person.
For diptheria, sore throat, etc., dilute one
part to ten of water, or stronger according to
circumstances, aud gargle the throat when ad-
visable, also swallow 5 to 10 drops in a teas-
poouful of water. The general directions as to
purifying the air of the house and room should
be observed fully. — Journal Materia Medica.
Castob Oil Among the Chinese. — A writer
in the Journal of Applied Science states that
castor oil has so little effect on Chinse intes-
tines that the Celestials use it habitually in
cookery.
Artificial Fobs. — M. Tussaud, of London,
suggests an ingenious way of preparing the
hair or fur of animals for use without employ-
ing the skin. The process consists in first
soaking the fur iu lime water to loosen the ad-
hesion of the hairs. After washing and drying,
the piece is stretched upon a board, fur side
Up, and a solution of glue laid over it, care be-
ing taken not to disturb the natural position of
tbe hairs. After the glue has hardened, the
skin may be pulled off, leaving the ends of the
hair exposed. The latter are then washed with
proper substances to remove fat, bulbs, etc.
An artificial skin of gutta percha, or other wa-
terproof Bubstance, is next laid on top of the
glue and allowed to dry, so as to form a con-
tinuous menjbraue, when the glue is washed
out with warm water. These artificial skins
are entirely free from any animal odor, and are
more durable, lighter, and more pliable than
the natural ones.
Cement fob Attaching Labels to Metal. —
Many of our lady readers have no doubt been
much troubled in putting up fruit, to make the
labels stick to the tin cans. The Medical
Journal says that a paste made as follows will
meet the case: Ten parts tragacanth mucilage,
ten parts honey, and one part flour. Tbe flour
appears to hasten the drying, and renders it
less susceptible to damp. Another cement
that will resist the damp stid better, but will
not adhere if the surface is greasy, is made by
boiling together two parts of shellac, one part
of borax, and sixteen parts water. Flour paste,
to which a certain proportion of sulphuric acid
has been added, makes a lasting cement, but
the acid often aots upon the metals.
UsEfdL IfJFOF^HTION.
Why American Women abe Unhealthy. — If
we trace the history of New England back a
few generations, we find a stalwart race of
mothers and grandmothers ; and even now
there are specimens of these, healthy, active,
happy, of ages varying from three-score -and-
ten to one huudred years; and if we trace the
history of American women from the landing
of the Pilgrims to the advent of Dr. Clarke's
book, we shall find the degeneracy exactly cor-
responding with the increase of sedentary hab-
its, fashionable dress, gormandizing on indi-
gestible food and condiments, forced and pre-
carious development, sensational literature,
and dosing and drugging for the multitudinous
ailments consequent on a mode of life which
has so little of nature and so much of the preter-
natural about it. Until the children and young
women of America return to the more normal
ways of their ancestors, they will go down,
down, in the scale of vitality, with, or without
co-education, or school education of any kind.
Coeducation is one of the measures that will
exercise a saving influence; but alone it will
not arrest the deteriatory tendency. This re-
quires a thorough indoctrinating into the laws
of hygiene and their strict application to prac-
tical life. In this, and in this only, is the
hope, not only of American women, but of
American men, aud, indeed, of the human
race. — Phrenological Journal,
Weatheb Obsebvations. — When you wish
to know what the weather is to be, go out and
select the smallest cloud you can see. Keep
your eyes upon it, and if it decreases and dis-
appears, it fchows the state of the air which will
be sure to be followed by fine weather; but if
it inoreases in size, take your great coat with
you if you are going from home, for falling
weather is not far off. The reason is this:
When the air is becoming charged with elec-
tricity you will see every. cloud attracting all
lesser ones towards it, until it gathers into a
shower; and, on the contrary, when the fluid
is passing off or diffusing itself, then a large
cloud will be seen breaking to pieces and dis-
solving.
Domestic EcofiopY-
Useful Recipes.
Editors Pbkbs:— I send you some cooking
recipes which we have tried and found very
good and they are so simple that even a dys-
peptic could Dot object to them:
Bbown Bread. — 1 cup of corn meal, scalded;
1% cups graham flour; 1% cups white flour; VJ
cup of syrup or molasses; 2 tables poonfuls
brewer's yeast, or two-thirds cup of home-
made yeast; a little salt and water, enough to
make a stiff batter. Set in a warm plaoa to riie,
and when light'bake in a hot oven in muffin
rings or loaves, the muffin rings are best.
Tapioca Podding.— 1 cup of tapioca and a
teaspoon of salt; put in three large cups of
warm water and soak three or four hours; pare
and core enough apples to cover the bottom of
a pudding dish, and fill the hollows whore the
cores were taken out, with sugar and a very
little nutmeg or cinamon; pour the tapioca over
the apples and bake three-quarters of an hour.
This recipe is for apples that cook easily.
Serve with sugar, cream, or milk or a warm
sauce.
Cbkam Cakb. — 1 cup of sugar; 2 eggs; 1
tablespoon of butter; beat together with a little
salt; 4 tablespoons of water; 1 teaspoon of
yeast powder mixed with the flour, flavor with
lemon. This makes two cakes. The cream is
made with one-half pint or more of milk. Heat
the milk in a dish in a kettle of water and
thicken with two eggs, a little salt and sugar,
beated together, and one tablespoon of corn-
starch mixed in a little cold milk, stir well and
let it just come to a boil. When cold flavor
with lemon, cut open the cakes and put the
cream between the pieces L.
Santa Oruz.
m:
Diptheria a Malabial Poison. — The micro-
scope demonstrates that typhus and typhoid
fevers and all their genera, diptheria, etc, are
generated by malarial poison. New York is
given as an example, where the sewers and
BtoveB murder 18,000 people annually; the death
rate being 34,000 whilst the normal rate should
be but 11,000. The remaining 5,000 are thrown
into other channels of murder and suicide.
The same evil prevails throughout the territory
we have mentioned, and we do not believe the
Manufacturer can do a greater service to its
readers than to urge reform in stoves, Bewers
and ventilation.
Measels.— The Calistoga Free Press under-
stands that this epidemic is prevailing there,
and has become quite wide spread. It is most-
ly confined to children, and that which has,
thus far, made its appearance, is of a mild type
and readily yields to care and suitable attend-
ance.
Why not Eat Oystebs in Summeb? — Ac-
cording to the popular notion; which, in the
main, is correct, the spawning season of the
oyster embraces those months which have no r
in their spelling, namely: May, June, July and
August, the four warm months in the year.
The fact is, that oysters generally, do their
spawning during these four months; but a few
are liable to spawn whenever the water is warm
enough, and large numbers pass through the
year without) spawning; and these, were it not
for the difficulty of assorting them, would be
available for food at any time. But the preju-
dice is universal against their use during the
r-less months. That they are not in as good
condition then as during the cooler months, is
reasonable to suppose; but that they are all
necessarily unwholesome in the warm months,
is far from being proved. In business phrase,
oysters in spawning time are said to be 'milky.'
This means the presence of an opaline fluid in
cunsiderable abundance, and which has to do
with the wants of its young— perhaps, remote-
ly, a sort of fluid of &mmoa'.—P opular Science
Monthly.
A New "Ratsbane." — And now the flowering
plant "asphodel," is to drive away the rats
wherever they may be. This is a perennial,
but where it is to be obtained we know not.
Perhaps at some of our seed-stores. We, how-
ever, would not advise the destruction of all the
cats until after a thorough trial and proof of
the efficacy of the new "exterminator."
[The asphodel is a fine garden bulbous plant,
much cultivated in Europe. It has a stem
about three feet high, thickly covered with
thee-cornered yellow leaves. Its flowers are
of a yellow color, reaching from near the base
to the top of the seam. The ancients were in
the habit of planting the flowers in burial
places, to afford nouiishment for the Manes of
the dead. It is said that the bulbs of some
varieties of this plant, when dried and ground
to powder, make an excellent glue. — Eds.
Pbess.]
Leatheb fbom Tbipe. — A method has been
patented in France for preparing leather from
tripe and other animal membranes, the leather
thuB made to be used for glove making, etc.
Ants, Cbickets, and other insect annoy-
ances may be driven from their nests and holes
by Bprinkling carbolic acid diluted with water
around these pluces of resort.
The Popular Science Monthly ridicules the
idea that oysters shouldn't be eaten in the
months that haven't an r iu them as well as in
other months.
The Fibst Patent. — It is said that the first
patent issued by ths United States was granted
to Samuel Hopkins on July 30, 1790, for the
manufacture of pot and pearl ashes. The
third was to Oliver Evans, of Philadelphia, so
famous for inventions in high pressure engines,
of whose inventions President Jefferson re-
marked that "it was too valuable to be covered
by a patent, and there should be no patent for a
thing no one could afford to do without after it
was known." This was in December of the
same year in which Hopkins obtained his
patent. For many years after this date the
Patent office was hut a clerkship in the State
department.
Painting Old Buildings — An inexpensive
but durable method of painting old buildings
is as follow: First give them a' coat of crude
petroleum, which is the oil as it comes from
the wells, and which can be procured for four or
five dollars per barrel. Then mix one pound
of ' 'metallic paint, " which is brown or red hema-
tite iron and finely ground, to one quart of
linseed oil, and apply this over the petroleum
coat. The petroleum sinks into the wood, and
makes a groundwork for t ho nou and oil paint.
The color of the iron paint is a dark reddish
brown, and is not at all disagreeable; it is a
color not easily soiled, very durable, and is
fire-proof.
Minuteness of Fuchsia Seeds. — A gentle-
man recently visiting a fuchsia house (hot
house) in Europe was asked to guess the
amount of fuchsia seed gathered in one year
from the house — 10 by 30 feet in size. Twenty,
ten, and even as little as one pound were sug-
gested, but the fact proved that the entire pro-
duct was only one quarter of an ounce. The
Garden says that Mr. Cannell's specimen
fuchsia-house, 30 feet by 20 feet has not yet
afforded him a quarter of an ounce in one sea-
son. One may infer from these facts how fine
the seed is.
Gilding and Silveeing SilkThbead. — In a
process that has been patented in England, gold
or silver leaf is rubbed on a stone with honey
until reduced to a fine powder. The silk thread is
soaked or boiled in a solution of chloride of
zinc, and, after being washed, it is boiled in
water with which the gold or silver powder
has been mixed. When washed and dried it
will be found coated with a fine layer of gold
or silver, which may even be polished in the
usual manner.
Vabnibh that will Adhebe to Metal. — In
order to make alcholic varnish adhere more
firmly to polished metallic surfaces, A. Morell
adds one part of pure crystallized boracio acid to
two hundred parts of varnish. Thus prepared
it adheres so firmly to the metal that it cannot
be scratched off with the finger-nail; it appears,
in fact, like a glaze. If more boracio aoid is
added than above recommended, the varnish
loses its intensity of color.
To Pbesebve Colob in Dried Flowebs.— To
preserve the natural color in dried flowers, lay
them when fresh into alcohol for a few min-
utes— they will fade at first— but recover their
color.
Watebed Butteb. — In the course of some
investigations made by Professors Augell and
Hehner, England, out of analyses of fifteen
samples of butter which were determined by
them, twelve of the samples, which were un-
doubtedly good butter, contained 6 to 13 per
cent, of water; the astonishing quantity of
42.3 per cent, was found in one sample from
London, or an excess of about 32 per cent, of
water, for which Londoners pay from 32 to
48 cents per pound. Another butter from the
same place had 21 per cent., these high ratios
being due to the fact that the butter had been
treated with milk. On the other hand,
sample purchased in Yentnor was found to con-
tain under 4 per cent, of water, aud according
to the authors it contained 50 per cent, of for-
eign fat. The authors also found that genuine
butter spread out on sheets of paper and ex-
posed for a week to the air in the laboratory
became, so far as the senses could jmdge, indis-
tinguishable from tallow.
Bean Porridge. — Parboil the beans as if
for baking; drain and put them in the liquor.
This needs the salt earlier than the soup, and
no flavor save the beans. Boil until the tmns
become broken and tender, and then add
hulled corn, or Indian meal, or both. Stir in
the meal carefully, not to lump, or get too
thick. When it is well cooked and seasoned
properly, take a large spoon, and stir thor-
oughly together. You will have a luscious
dish, and "better when nine days old," says
the proverb.
A slice of a nice piece of pork is a relish in
either of the above dishes, for the suet Bhonld
be kept for shortening, as there is usually
enough left in the bones for the soups. I
never knew au edge-bone to cost more than ten
centB, often only six cents per pound. Two or
three good meals and pies can be obtained
from one. The coming winter some one may
like to try it.
Making Coffee. — A correspondent gives this
receipt for coffee: Use about one tablespoonful
for each person, and one egg mixed with it.
Place this in a. coffee-pot, put in a little cold
water, and then the desired amount of boiling
water; place upon the stove and let it come to
a boil. If no egg is used, it should never boil
over a minute. If an egg is used, it may boil
two minutes, when it will be ready for use.
The coffee-pot should be as close as possible,
so as to retain the flavor. The object of using
a little cold water is to give a little time for hot
water to extract, its virtues before it boils.
Botal Fbuit Cake.— Five cups of flour, five
eggs, one and one-haif cups of sugar, one cup
of molasses, one and one-half cups of butter,
one teaspoonful of saleratus, one-half a cup of
milk, two pounds of chopped raisins, three
pounds of currants, one and one-half pounds
of citron, two tablespoonfuls of cinnamon, one
nutmeg, two teaspoonfuls of cloves. This is a
splendid receipt. I have some cake now that
I made a year ago, and it is nicer now than
when first baked.— The Household.
Ground Bice Gbuel. — Daisy Eyebright
gives the following: "Boil one tableBpoonful
of ground rice, rubbed smooth with a pint of
cold water, in a pint and a half of milk, with
a bit of cinnamon and lemon peel. Sweeten
slightly, or season with salt." .
Bake» Eggs.— Beat up six eggs, one table-
Bpoonful of flour, six of sweet milk; melt your
butter in the frying-pan; when hot, turn the
whole in, well-beaten, and bake in a hot oven
56'
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 23, 1875
W. B. EWER 8EMI0B Editob.
IDEWEY «fe CO., purxLisliers.
A, T. DEWEY,
W. B. EWKB,
GEO. H. STBONQ
JKO. L. BOOSE
Office, No. 224 Sansoiiie St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Advertising1 Rates:
Advertising Kates.— 1 week. 1 month. 8 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.00 $5.00
One-half inch $1-00 3.00 7.60 24.00
Oneinch 1.50 4.0Q. 12.00 40.00
San Francisco:
Saturday Morning, Jan. 23, 1875
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS.— Hydraulic Mining
in California; Nitro- Glycerine Compound; A San
Francisco Stone Front, 49. The Mining Interests
in 1874, 56-57-60-
ILLTJSTRATIONS.— Welch's Pinking Iron; Nitro-
Glycerine Igniter; Mixer for Acids and Glycerine,
49.
CORRESPONDENCE.— Jottings from Tybo, Ne-
vada; Esmeralda, 50-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Is the Ether Matter ?
Dangers of Benzine Scouring; Personal Equation;
Thermo-Electricity in Iron Ships; The Artificial Va-
nilla; Astronomical; The Physical Forces are Modes
of Ether Pressure, 51.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— InterestingSteam
Boiler Experiment; Assembling in Machine Making;
A Promising Invention — Re-rolling Steel Rails; Hard-
ening the Surface of Steel, 51-
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of Stock
Market for the Week, 52-
MINING SUMMARY-— From various counties in
California and Nevada, 53.
GOOD HEALTH. -Treatment of Diptheria; Why
American Women are Unhealthy; Diptheria a Mala-
rial Poison; Measels; Scarlet Fever and Dyptheria;
Castor Oil Among the Chinese, 55.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Why not Eat Oys-
ters in Summer ? A New "Ratsbane;" Leather from
Tripe; Artificial Furs; Cement for Attaching Labels to
Metal; Weather Observations; The First Patent; Paint-
ing Old Buildings; Minuteness of Fuchsia Seeds;
Gilding and Silvering Silk Thread; Varnish that
will Adhere to Metal; To Preserve Color in Dried
Flowers, 55.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Useful Recipes; Watered
Butter; Bean Porridge; Making Coffee; Royal Fruit
Cake; Ground Rice Gruel; Baked Eggs, 55.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Kern County Mines; Waste;
Scorpion; Alameda Coal Mines; The Consolidated
Virginia Mill; Mica Mines in North Carolina; The
New Oregon Mines; Sitka Mines; Avalanches in
Utah; Quartz Mining on South Tuba; Cheap Boxes
for Plants; The New Shaft; Smelter Destroyed; The
Correct Way, 54. A Chapter of Tule History—
Staten Island; Mining Accident; Arizona Mines, 58-
A San Francisco Stone Front
The Safe Deposit company's building now
being erected on the southeast corner of Cali-
fornia and Montgomery Btreeta, bids fair to be
one of the finest in appearance in the city. It
is to be four stories high with 137% feet front-
age on Montgomery, and and 69 feet on Cali-
fornia street. Its whole front will be of Frear
stone with handsome ornamental projections
and faoings. Last week we visited the Frear
manufacturing works, and found over 51,000
cubic feeii of stone already manufactured for
this building. The total weight of Frear stone
required for the building will be 450 tons.
Coarser sand than usual has been used in
the manufacture of this particular stone,
■which gives it a nearer resemblance to natural
stone than any of the Frear we have before
seen. It is believed that this improves its tex-
ture as well as its appearance.
We cannot here describe the various orna-
mental designs which will appear in the build-
ing. As arranged in parts about the works, the
ornamental pieces seem almost innumerable.
They also appear to be in good taste, and when
erected the structure will form an entirely
novel piece of architecture in San Francisco.
The oolumns are rounded. Fluted, Corinthian
and composite capitals are employed. The
window heads are truly ornamental and very
bold in relief. On the right of the grand cor-
ner window will rest a stone relief design, rep-
resenting mining, embracing the pick, pan,
spade and bar, etc., on the left, agriculture,
with plow, wheel, rake, grapes, etc. Wm. Pat-
ton is the architect. We should like hereafter
to give a fuller d scription of his designB.
By the manufacture of this artificial stone
we shall see a massive and beautifully wrought
block arise during a few months in our midst
that would otherwise have been years in build-
ing at more than double the cost. By the erec-
tion of this structure the Frear stone company
takes a front stand in our city and in our home
manufactures. We shall be placed to see them
maintain it. Tbey have some of the best busi-
ness partners in San Francisco in the enterprise.
Their Superintendent is indefatigable in his
labors. Their works are a living example of
home industry that ought to be liberally dupli-
cated in this State.
A large quantity of stone is also being turned
out by the Frear company for the front of a new
building on Sansome street. Portland cement
is used exclusively in the manufacture
of Frear stone on this coayt. Over 2.600
barrels are now held in store by the com-
pany. Artizaus and others who look with pride
on such works will find the present a favorable
time to call on Capt. Gushing at the manufac-
tory on Bluxome street, near Fourth.
The Mining Interests in 1874.
The miners of the Pacific Coast never had
more cause for congratulation in finishing a
years work than they had in completing that of
1874. The year has been one of hard work
and well earned profits, and the miners may
well look with pride on the array of figures
representing the result of their labor. We
have heard of successful mining ventures on
every hand, and fewer failures than usual.
This is due to the fact that the people on this
coast are fast awakening to the idea that they
must engage in mining, as they do in any other
business, and invest their money without ex-
citement and with judgment and forethought.
The day has long gone by when a man can
come to San Francisco with a few lumps of
quartz and sell a claim for thousands of dollars.
He must now bring the proper papers to prove
his ownership, location, etc.," and then an ex-
pert will accompany him to the mine and ex-
amine it in the interest of the purchasers. It
takes several months, as a general thing, to
dispose of a mine in these days which, a few
years ago, could have been sold in a week.
This is a fact in which we really ought to con-
gratulate ourselves as it shows that those who
invest their money in mining property only do
so after a thorough examination and mature
deliberation. They will therefore work their
property in a more legitimate manner, and
trust less to stock-jobbing operations.
This matter is one of more importance than
many suppose and exercises a potent influence
on the mining interests. With mines scattered
all over the country, worked properly and with
due regard for economy, money can be made
rapidly. It will encourage capital to help out
labor and encourage the prospectors in their
work of hunting up new mines.
A large number of new mines were opened
up last year of which we will hear more in
the future. In California and Nevada, more-
over, particularly the former, we hear of many
old abandoned mines being taken up again and
reworked. In many cases costly works were
put up years ago and mines opened by inex-
perienced men, which were afterward aban-
doned as failures. Many of these old locations
are now being worked by competent men and
made to pay well.
The year 1874 has been marked, perhaps, for
a lack of any of the furious "excitements" of
former years, which lured thousands of miners
away from steady work, paying claims, and
comfortable cabins, to travel in search of a new
El Dorado. The nearest approach to anything
of this kind we have had has been the "Pana-
mint excitement" but this was a very mild
form of the disease compared with previous
epidemics. Moreover, Panamint, was com-
paratively "get-at-able," and not such a dis-
tance from ordinary mining centers as Fraser
Kiver, Stickeen, etc.
We have had few mining accidents of large
proportions; that of the fire in the Belcher air
shaft on the Comstock, by which several lives
were lost being the most important. We have
been compelled, however, to chronicle from
week to week during the year, many accidents
by which precious lives were lost. These
casualties seem to increase from year to year,
which is attributable to the fact that more
men are engaged in deep mining than formerly.
A noticeable feature has been also that very few
mills or reduction works have been destroyed
by tire. This class of property is considered
by insurance companies to be as risky as any
with which they have to do, and insurance' is
no small item to the mill man. Of late years,
however, where large, costly and permanent
mills are ereoted, reservoirs are dug, pipes laid,
hydrants put up and every possible precaution
is taken to prevent the destruction of the pro-
perty by fire.
Another fact indicating the faith of capitalists
in mining investments and proving that as a
business, mining is gaining strength among us,
is that the mills now made are larger than
ever, the hoisting and pumping gear heavier
and stronger, and the buildings and surface
works are built in a manner indicating that the
owners intend to work properly. The develop-
ments in some of the deep mines on the coast
have induced mining men to go deeper with a
surer hope of success. We no longer scratch.-
over the surface and consider a mine worked
out with a 200 ft shaft. In Nevada they have
shafts over 2,000 feet deep and are putting up
machinery to work 4,000 feet. It was at one
time supposed, that by the regular increase of
temperature with depth, mining beiow 2,000
feet would be almost impossible and so expen-
sive as to be impracticable. Practice has
proved that this idea is fallacious and by vari-
ous means the heat in the lower levels is de-
creased and the miners made more comfort-
able.
We are unable to chronicle this year any
very marked improvement in the processes or
machinery in use, but are gratified to know
that millmen and miners show more care in
working ores than they used to and that they
manifest great interest in anything calculated
to reduce expenses. Machinery is a great deal
heavier and more costly than ever. The
fouudrymen of this city have reaped a harvest
from the miners of late, and. nearly all the
foundries here are kept buBy with this class of
work. Where formerly a 20-stamp was con-
sidered a large order, 40, 60 and 80-stamp
mills are now ordered. The Consolidated Vir-
ginia 80-stamp mill started up on the first of
January and another mill of the same size will
shortly go up alongside of it. Oh the Sumner
mine in Kern county an 80-stamp mill is being
erected to run by water power and many other
large mills in different parts of the State have
been erected during 1874.
There is no way for us to make any calcula-
tion of the number of men employed in mining
on this coast; nor can we tell whether there
were more in 1874 than in 1873. The sup-
position if, however, that there was an increase
this year, as so many new mines were opened.
It gives us satisfaction to know that last year
capital was much readier to invest in good
mines than has been the case for some time.
California mines have been to some extent neg-
lected, however, as the capitalists were more
interested in Nevada. English capital which
flowed into Utah last year so abundantly has
been turned to some extent toward this State
and some considerable amounts invested in
gravel mining property. Our miners complain,
however, that good property which will pay
three per cent, per month goes begging in this
market unless in the shape of stock. The late
stock excitements have interested many in
mining matters, who may continue to look
favorably on them as a means of investment.
There have been no drawbacks to our mining
prosperity save alone the high price of quick-
silver, which is spoken of at length further on.
Tailings mills and works have in (some in-
stances shut down and the price of this metal
has had an injurious effect. This matter of
rich tailings is now receiving considerable at-
tention and they are now in many cases care-
fully saved. Nevertheless, large quantities of
tailings run to waste in the rivers and canoDS.
With cheap power and quicksilver consider-
able money can be made in working them over.
Before speaking in detail of this State and
■its prospects it may bo well to give some
general remarks on th6
Bullion Product of 1874,
Which is considerably higher than that of 1873.
The figures given further on ought to open the
eyes of the most thoughtless man to the im-
portance of the mining interests of the Pacific
Coast. If we could get at the exact number of
men employed in each calling we are confident
that the miners would make a better showing
per capita than the farmers, in the respective
States and Territories. The miners of this
coast have this year produced according to the
most reliable figures obtainable, over 74,000,000
of dollars. And this has been done without
any political machinery, without any class or-
ganizations, without the passage of any "Re-
solutions" on any subject and with very little
stir about the matter at all. They have been
hard at work at their legitimate business and
have turned out the needful coin for the com-
mercial purposes of the world in abundant
measure.
Mr. "Valentine, General Superintendent of
Wells, Fargo & Co., publishes the following
statement showing the amount of precious
metals produced in States and Territories 'west
of the Missouri River during 1874:
The total bullion product of the Pacific
States aud Territories for the year 1873 was
$72,258,693. This year it was $74,401,055
showing an increase of $2,142,362 over 1873.
Jno. J. Valentine, General Superintendent of
Wells, Fargc & Co.'s Express, who computes
the most reliable statistics on this point writes
as follows:
We hand you herewith a copy of our annual
statement of precious metals produced in the
States and Territories west of the Missouri
river, including British Columbia, during 1874,
which shows an aggregate yield of $74,401,055,
being an excess of $2,142,362 over 1873. Cali-
fornia, Nevada, Utah, Colorado and British
Columbia increased; Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, Montana, Arizona and Mexico (west
coast) decreased. The increase in Nevada and
Colorado is merely nominal, but in California
and Utah it is $3,100,000, three-fourths of
which is to the credit of California.
gest, for one year, in the history of the coast."
The accuracy of the statement has been ques-
tioned, and the yield of 1853 referred to as
being greater. Dr. Linderman, Director of the
U. S. Mint, whose information is probably as
leliable as may be had, names $65,000,000 as
the amount produced in 1853, and that amount
was not exceeded until 1873, which is now ex-
ceeded by 1874, and the recent developments
on the Comstock lode justify the belief that the
total product for 1875 will approximate $80,-
000,000.
We append to this a comparative table, show-
ing the bullion yield for the past three years as
follows:
1872. 1873. 1874.
California $19,049,098.24 $18,052,923 $20,300,531
Nevada 25,548,401.09 35,254,507 25,452,233
Oregon 1,905,034.92 1,376,389 609,070
Washington 22fi.051.06 209,395 155,535
Idaho 2,514,089.78 2,343,654 1,880,004
MontanaJ 4,442,134.90 ' 3,889,800 3,439,498
Utah 3,521,020.09 4,106,337 6,911,278
Arizona 143,770.00 47.788 26,066
Colorado 3,001,750.85 4,083,268 4,191,405
Mexico (WCoast) 535,071.80 886,798 798,678
British Ool'bia, 1,350,074 1,250,035 1.636,657
$62,376,914 72,258,693 74,401,055
This makes a total bullion product for three
years, including the west coast of Mexico and
British Columbia, which do not properly be.
long in the table, of $208,896,762. This is a
very good showing, and is one to be proud of.
The receipts of treasure in this city for 1874
is given as follows by Mr.' Valentine:
1874 Silver Bullion. Gold Bullion. Coin.
January $ -959,962 $583,195 $820,487
February 1,699,461 530,424 714,944
March 1,505.863 619,259 670,662
April 1,863,418 801,330 729,246
May 1,971,458 949,139 907.U77
June 1,973,675 855,856 ■ 1,320,472
July 1 ,464,179 91H.163 1 ,025,673
August 1,495,898 918,082 934,118
September 1,654,367 790,978 1,037.613
October 1,627,368 767,147 1,222,115
November 1,573,972 622,034 1,049,395
December 1,118,917 543,138 1,202,276
Total $18,905,448 $8,897,471 $11,633,979
In 1873 12,177,698 10,052,123 9,515,385
There has been less gold and more silver.
The sourceB of the receipts last year are an-
nexed :
From northern and southern mines $34,621,380
From northern coast route 2,206,212
From southern coast route 601 ,457
From Mexico 2,007,899
\hh$*.
I
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CO to Oa CTCD
Gold Dust and Bullion
by Express.
Gold Dust and Bullion
by
other Conveyances.
eg
PJ.
CT
f
Silver Bullion by
.*: ?!
V
ExpresB.
£
Oli-J
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to
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by Freight.
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In our statement for 1873 we referred to the
yield— $72,258,693— as "undoubtedly the lar-
Total $39,436,868
In 1873 31,855,208
In 1872 33,842,737
We append a table showing the total gold and
silver production of this coast since California i
was first settled by the Americans. The figures i
are such as to astonish those who have no ideat
of the amount of mining done bore. About 20 i
per cent, is added to Wells, Fargo & Co. 'si
figures to cover bullion conveyed by other i
means.
Total Gold and Silver Production.
Year. Gold Silver. Total.
1818 $5,000,000 $6,000,0001
1849 23,000,000 23,000,0001
1850 59,000.000 59,000,0001
1851 60.000,000 60,000,000'
1852 59,000,000 69,000,000i
1853 68.000,000 68,000,000'
1854 64,000,000 61,000,0001
1855 58,000,000 58,000,000'
1856 63,000,000 63.000,000-
1857 64,000,000 61,000,000'
1858 69,000,000 56.000,000'
1859 59,000.000 59,000,000'
1860 52,000,000 $90,897 52,090,897
ISfil 50, Ul 10, "I 111 2.275,256 52,275,256
1862 52,000,000 6,247,014.: 58,247,02*
1863 57,000,000 12,486,238 70,486,23*
1864 55,967,605 16.797.5&5 72,765,1901
1865 67,496.800 10,184,877 73,681,677
1866 61,000,000 18,000,000 78,000,000'
1867 63,000,000 22,000,000 75,000,000'
1868 51,000,000 16,000.000 67,000,000
1869 47,000,000 16,000,000 63,000,000
1870 48,000.000 28,000,000 66,000,000
1871 42,357,000 24,246,000 66,603,000
1872 42.688,103 ..27,648,811 70.236.9U'
1873 35,400,000 44,600.000 80,000,000
1874 43,400.000 56,600,000 100,000.000
Total $1,382,309,608 $294,076,678 $1,681, 386.18P
The production by StateB and Territories ia shown in
the following table:
Year. California. Nevada Montana. Idaho.
1848 $ 5,000,000
1849 22,000,000
18,50 59,000.000
1851 60,000.000
1852 59.000.000
1853 68.000.000
1S54 64,000,000
1855 58.1100.00(1
1856 68*000,000
1S5T. 61,000,0011
1858 59.000,000
1859 59,000,000
I860 52,000,000 90,887
1861 50,000,0011 2,247,256
1862 51,500,000 6.247.024 500,000
1863 50,000.000 12.486,218 8.000.01)0
1864 35,000.000 16,797.585 13 000,000 6.474,08?
1865 35,020.000 16,848,8:9 13,835,998 ti.58I.44t
1866........ 26.0011. le.m'iuiiiil 48,'.00.00'l 7,000,001'
1867 25000,0'0 20.00n,UIIO 12."00,000 6,500.001
1868 22,000,i'00 14 000.000 15,000,000 7,000,011
1869 21000,000 14,000 000 12,000,000 7.000,00
1870 25,800.000 16,000.110(1 9 100.1100 6.000,0ft
1871 25,850.000 16,000.000 9,100,000 6,000,00
1872........ 21,450,000 22.500.000 8,000,000 5,000,00
1B73 20,000.000 36,000,"0ft 4000.000 2,400,00
1874 26,000.060 45.000,000 4,000.000 2,500,00
Total.. $1,143,620,060 $254,245,869 $126,535,998 $62,455,52 1
Year.
Or. & Wash.
Utah.
1,396,360
3,000,000
3,000,000
3,000,000
1870...
1,300,000
1871....
2,500,000
2,800,000
1872....
2,131.086
6,125,152
1873...
1,600,000
9,000.000
1,500,000
10.000,000
8,000.00
8,500,00
5,000,00
6,000,00
4,800.00
4,853,00
5,030,67
7,000,00 I
11,000,00
Total $26,619,906 $31,725,152 $60,183,67!
Some idea of the amount of money handle'
here may be had from a brief review of th t
operations of the mint in this city durin
1874. The amount coined at the San FrancisC'
branch mint in 1874 was $27,329,000, agains
January 23, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
57
$22,075,400 in 1873, an increase of $5,245,-
500. Of the coinage last year, $24,460,000
wan in gold, and $2,867,000 was in silver.
During the same time tbe mint atCarson coined
$2,620,775 in gold, and $1,411,781 in silver,
making a total lor both mints of $31,418,265.
The operations of the San Francisco assay-
ing and refining works were as follows for
1874:
Gold .
Mouths. Ounces. Value.
DUkry 66,754.65 $1,368,442.97
February M .911.50
March 86.493. i4
April 85.161.68
May 'J5.«6,40
June 136,9
July 127,369.29
August 190,838.19
September 119,961.09
October 106.886.38
November 94,130 47
December 93,480.06
1,761,610.70
1,979.861.90
1,745.840.03
526.038.10
2,6yti,7!HU*>.S
2,008,863.95
2,681,267,48
2,444,153.55
2,170,051.15
1,816^88.38
1,915.359.60
Total* 1,157,726.28 $22,724,108.52
It is but jnst to say in connection with tho
table of bullion product given above, that
figures they are compiled with care by Mr. Val-
entine, and are approximately correct. Never-
theless, they should be much larger from the
nature of things. These figures represent the
bullion, gold-dust, etc, whioh passes through
the bands of Wells, Fargo & Co. as common
carriers. Fully 20 per cent, should be added,
however, for the sum which passes from the
mines by private hands, and other modes of
conveyance than Wells, Fargo, & Co. This
being the case, if we deduct Mexico and
British Oolumbia from the aggregate, it will
still be muoh larger than is shown in the above
table.
Tho next important question is that of
Mining Dividends,
As it has an intimate connection, of course,
with the bullion product. We give a compara-
tive table showing the dividends from mining
companies called on the Stock Boards in this
city:
1872.
Belcher $2,184,000
Black Bear
Crown Point 1,860,000
Conn. Virglola
Cone. Amador
Cederberg 36.000
Chollar 56,000
Chariot Mill
Eureka 40,000
Eureka Cons
Golden Chariot
Keystone Quartz 30,000
K. ,K. Cons
La Grange
Meadow Valley....
Monitor Belmont.
Minnesota
Mahogany
North Star
Pioche
Providence
Baymond & Ely..,
Bedington Quick.
Yule Gravel
1873. 1874
$6,762,000 $5,304,000
45,000
5,100,000
50,000
24,000
69,000
3,400,000
2,592,000
360,000
15,000
27,000
40,000
3,100
2,070,000
300,000
200,000
85,000
' 62, KM
12,500
180,000
75,000
60,000
10,000
264,000
$6,730,100 $13,366,000 $11,805,000
In summing up the above only those mines
are taken into account which advertise their
dividends in this city. All the above mentioned
are on the lists of the Stock Boards, except
the Redington Quicksilver, Minnesota and the
Black Bear. A falling off is shown in the div-
idends this year, which is principally due to the
decrease of the dividends of the Belcher and
Crown Point. It will be noticed by even the
casual observer that not one gravel mine is
represented in the figures of dividends for this
year. This fact alone goes to show bow unsat-
isfactory it is to base any calculation on the
dividend list published. Of the hundreds of
private corporations mining profitably, not one
is mentioned. Some of these mines, like the
Idaho at Grass Valley, are what is known as
* 'close corporations, "the stock being held in few
hands and the mines worked as mines and not
as a stock jobbing operations.
We can mention the following prominent
California mines, only one of which is on the
Stock Board which have yielded $2,996,503
from 187,391 tons of ore,this year, making nearly
$300,000 each on the average, yet no mention
is made of them in the dividend lists published.
They are as follows: Idaho, Eureka, Black
Bear Plumas-Eureka, Sierra Buttes, Sumner,
Hue's mine, Keystone, Empire. We shall
speak more in detail of these mines further on.
The following table gives an account of all the
dividends disbursed by the different mines
called in the Stock Board from its organization,
up to January 1, 1875:
Belcher $14,135,000
Crown Point...., 11,388,000
Cons. Virginia 2,592,000
Chollar 3,080,000
Confidence 78,000
Charriot Mill 51,000
Cederbuxg 100,000
ConB. Amador 210,000
Daney 56,000
Eureka .' 2,094,000
Empire Mill 713,500
Eoreka Cone 675,000
Gonld & Carry 3,826,800
Golden Charriot.... 500,000
Hale h NorcrostJ 1,598,000
Imperial 1,067,500
Ida Elimore 60,000
^ Keystone Quartz 30,000
Kentuck i 1,252,000
K. K. Cons 62,500
Meadow Valley 1,200,000
Mahogany 15,000
Monitor Belmont 75,000
Opblr 1,394,400
O. H. Treasure 31,999
Pioche 60,000
Baymond & Ely 3,075,000
Bye Patch 22,600
Sierra Nevada 102,500
Succor 22.800
lOO.OOU
11.000
14.I35.0UU
78,000
8,592,000
11,388,11)0
1,-688,000
1,067,500
Assessments and Dividends.
The following table shows the total assess-
ments and dividends on mines called on the
San Francisco Stock Board :
Tot'lam't Tot'lmii.t Div-
Companies. Aw,t Levied, id'da Disb'd
CALUAiliNIA MTifEri.
Alpine $ 78,000 $
Oob. Amador 210.0W)
Kollevmt 101,000
Codorberft 12.000
Oh*not Mill 15,000
Kareka
Independent 83,000
Key »ione Quartz
Magtmta 10,000
St- Patrick 1*0.000
Tecunueh 72,000
YuleGravel 9.W0
WASHOK-
Alaino 7,500
Alpha Con.... 150.000
Alia 3.60O
American Flat 75,000
Acdos 75,000
Baltimore Con 351,000
Bent J; Belcher 136.IM
B«lcher 660,400
Bullion 1,802.000
Buckeye 188,000
Caledo nia 500.000
Chollar-PoWai 742,000
Confidence 2«,ai0
Oon. Virginia 411.200
CrownPoint 623,371
Crown Pointltavine 15,000
Daney..... 198,000
Dayton lOO.l'HW
Dardanelles 60.000
Eclipsu Winters Plato 12.500
KmpiroMill .,.:. 416,400
Europa 10,000
Kiohetjuer 180.000
Gloho Oon t 114,000
Gould ± Curry 1,532.000
Greea 10,000
Hale & Norcross 1,450,000
Imperial 1,270.000
Indus ;....;. 13,500
Insurance 10,500
Julia 428,700
Justice 431,500
Kentuck 270.000
Knickerbocker 278.000
Kossuth 54,000
Lady Bryan Wo.OOO
Lady Washington 36,000
Leo 27,21)0
Mint 40,000
New York 207,000
Occidental 42,500
OeGold Hill 30,00*1
Ophir 1,832,800
Overman 1,531,0811
Phil Sheridan 12,000
Pictou 38,200
Bock Island 108,000
Savage 1,744.000
Seg. Belcher 212,<MH>
Senator 75,600
Sag. Caledonia 1,000
South Oomstook 20,000
South Overman 15,000
Sntro 12,000
Silver Cloud 8,000
Silver Hill 432,000
Sierra Nevada ". 800,000
Sucoor M. and M v 273,900
Trench 5,000
Tyler 62,700
Union Consolid 60,000
Utah,... 100.000
Weils Fargo 3,600
Woodville 249,000
Yellow Jacket 2,118,000
WHITE PINE.
General Lee 15.000
Hayes 58.000
Mammoth 95,400
Or. Hidden Treas , 330,061
Silver Wave '. 160,900
IDAHO.
Empire 250,000
Golden Ohariot 555,000
Ida Elimore 575,000
Mahogany 348,800
Poorman 25,000
Silver Cord 102,000
South Chariot 225.0(H) ■
Virtue , 120,000
War Eagle 100,000
RedJaoket 90,000
COPE DISTBICT.
Eicelaior 24,000
ELI DISTBICT.
Amador Tunnel 60,000
American Flag 1M.00O '
Alps 97,500
Bowery 94,500
Charter Oak 30,000
Chapman 37,500
Cherry Creek 4,500
Chief of the Hill 67,500
Condor 37,500
Huhn & Hunt 279.000
Ingomar 70,000
Ivanhoe 15,000
Kentucky 127,500
Kmscon 15,000
Lillian H«ll 11,250
Meadow Valley 210,000
National 135,000
Newark 256,600
Page A Panaca 190,000
Peavine 37,500
Pioche 180,000
Pioche Phem'x 100,000
Pioche West Ex 66,500
Portland 71,000
Raymond A Ely 180,000
RyePatch 67,500
Silver P-ak 90,000
Silver Weat Con - 37,500
Standard 60,000
Spring Mount 43 750
Spring Mountain Tun 33,000
Wash. & Creole 262,500
Watson 30,000
UTAH.
Wellington 59,000
EUBEKA DISTBICT.
Adams Hill 50.000
Columbus 87,500
Eureka Oon I
Jackson 52,500
K.K.Oon
Phenii 337,500
Star Consolidated '. 30,000
PHILADELPHIA.
Belmont 225,000
El Dorado North 12,500
El Dorado South Con 200,000
Josephine 3,750
North Belmont 10,000
Suintero 15,000
onitor Belmont 75,000
1,200,000
3,075,000
22,500
,, ■ ---■;■•• 4,460,000
Yellow Jacket 2.184 000
YuleGravel £40,000
Total..... $56,261,499
Totals. , 31,048,830 56,261,499
It is only worth while to mention a few of
the mines which have paid and are not included
in this list. The Idaho, at Grass Valley, paid
in dividends the last fiscal year the sum of
5317,750. Since this mine began running, in
1869, it has paid 517 per cent on the capital
stock, or a sum total of $1,602,700 in dividends.
It paid $102.50 per share last year. The
Bald Mountain, from July 1, 1872, to July 1,
1874, paid $164,000 in dividends. The Spring
Valley mine, Butte county, turned out in the
year ending last July, $476,112, of which the
owners received $150,000. The Black Diamond
coal company paid this year $275,000 in divi-
dends, and the Eastport Coos Bay Ooal mining
company paid $12,500. Many of the quick-
silver mines are paying well, and almost all the
hydraulic mines which are in operation are
paying. None of these, however, are called in
the Board, and their names do not therefore
appear. Many other quartz mines are in the
Kuiiu' category. But even taking those called
in the Board, in the list given above, by com-
paring the total assessments and the total divi-
dends, we see a profit to the stockholders of
the large sum of $25,212,569, showing an im-
mense gain on tbe capital invested. Wo have
said enough on this subject to inform the
reader that while the richest mines are rep-
resented in the tables given, it is not practic-
able to gather the same information from close
corporations.
Ditches and Gravel Mines.
It is impossible, within the limits of a news-
paper article, to give more than a brief review
of the operations in the different States. We
shall therefore confine onrselveB entirely to
California; and even then can only mention in
general terms the results of the year. The
statistics of bullion production give us an in-
crease over the year 1873 of $2,247,709. This
in mainly due to the faot that last year was a
much better one, from a miner's point of view
than the previous. The water supply was
large, and consequently more washing could be
done. Many new hydraulic mines have been
opened this year, and many more are shortly
to be opened. Several important mining
ditches were dag in 1874, which will open new
tracts of country, and furnish a more abundant
supply for old mines. Prominent among these
was the Amador Canal, as it is called. This
will be of inestimable advantage to Amador
county, and already many new mines are being
opened that will last for years to come. Heavy
gravel mining will in future be a feature in the
county, and will add largely to the wealth of
the community. The canal wilt not only fur-
nish water for the gravel mines, but will fur-
nish power to the quartz mines. It has a
capacity of 5,000 miner's inches of water, and
the water can be so utilized as to make a sin-
gle head serve many purposes. When used
for mills, it can be used for placer mining, and
thence to the plains for irrigation. An im-
mense reservoir is being built for this canal at
New York Kanch, which shall cover 140 acres
of ground and hold 800,000,000 gallons of
water. The bed of this reservoir is of granite
formation. The canal is 45 miles loDg, and is
built with great strength and care.
The big ditch of the North Fork company,
built particularly to work the mines near the
North Fork of the Feather river, about six
miles south of Big Meadows, in Plumas county,
was finished last month. This was also a diffi-
cult undertaking. This ditch is 25% miles
long, and there are eight miles of pipe in addi-
tion to reach the company's property. Con
siderable tunnel work was done in building
this ditch, whioh is -six feet wide on top and
three feet deep. It furnishes water for a large
extent of country, and the result of the under-
taking will be shown in the bullion product
next year.
The El Dorado Water and Deep Gravel min-
ing company's canal is also an undertaking
worthy of mention. They have had sometimes
as high as 1,200 men at work in this ditch
during the season. The capacity of the canal
is 12,000 inches for 24 hours, and as the com-
pany can only use 3,000 inches they can sell
to miners on the route some 7,000 inches,
allowing for evaporation and leakage. The
canal is big enough to float lumber nearly to
Placerville. Some 5,000 inches will run
through this season, but the whole work will
not be done until the next season. It will fur-
nish water for many mines in the gulches and
flats which have been short before thiB.
The Maxwell ditch, in Plumas county, which
was commenced in 1872, will probably be ex-
tended down the river as fast as necessary to
work the numberless bars and gravel beds un-
der the ditch line. The ditch carries 2,000
inches of water, with one of the best water priv-
ileges in the county.
At Cherokee Flat, Butte county, some of the
largest hydraulic operations in the State are
going on. The Spring Valley company, at
that place, have expended in works, flumes,
ditches,- reservoirs and water privileges, over
one million dollars. They have four miles of
pipe on the line of their ditch, and ten miles
of sluices, varying from four to six feet in
depth; they have also twenty-three under-
currents. They employ about 160 men, and
for the year ending July, 1874, shipped $476,-
112. The two ditches owned by the company
are 60 miles in length, six feet wide on the bot-
tom and eight feet wide on top. They are four
feet deep and run a stream of 2, 200 inches of
water. This mine proposes to send a bar of
gold worth $100,000 to the Centennial Exposi-
tion.
Another big ditch run this year was that of
the Milton Water and Ditch Co., in Nevada
county. This company purchased this year
extensive water rights and storage reservoirs in
the middle Yuba river. Their ditch holds
2,500 inches of water. The North Bloomfield
Gravel Co., at the same place, last year con-
structed extensive works for the improvement
of their property. They completed their large
tunnel last month. It has taken about two
and one-half years time and the expense has
been enormous. It will pay for itself soon,
however. This tunnel is nine thousand feet
long. These mines are on the San Juan
range, in which are located several important
gravel districts, such as French Corral, Em-
pire Flat, Eate Hayes Flat, Birch ville, Buckeye
Hill, Sweetland, Manzanita Hill. San Juan,
Badger Hill, Cherokee. Chimney Hill, Colum-
bia Hill, Kennebec Hill, Grizzly Hill, Lake
City, Malakoff, Humbug, Relief Hill, Wolsey.
Moore's Flat and Snow Point, all old camps
on the gravel channel.
Around Dutch Flat and Gold Run extensive
hydraulic operations are going on. The Gold
Run Ditch and Mining Co. bring water from
Bear aud South Yuba rivers, through 28 miles
of ditches, and use some 2,000 inches of water
on their claims. They are running a 3,000-ft.
tunnel to get the necessary fall to work certain
claims, a 1,000-ft. branch tunnel from it is
finished. The Cedar Creek, an English com-
pany, who bought tho Placer county ditch,
now own 60 miles of ditch. The main ditch
gives them 6,000 inches of water. This com-
pany now owns 32 claims, or 200 aores of min-
ing ground, and sells about 1,500 inches of
water to outside parties. Thev are running an
8x8 tunnel 3.0U0 feet long. The South Yuba
Canal Co., at this place, is also selling to min-
ers about 3,000 inches, which is brought
through 28 miles of ditch from the South
Yuba. In this vicinity everything is flourish-
ing. The Indiana Hill Co. are running a tun-
nel 2,200 feet long, and they will begin wash-
ing in February.
Calaveras county now rivals the more north-
ern counties in hydraulic mining. New loca-
tions are constantly being made, and various
tunnel and hydraulic operations are vigorously
prosecuted. The mines are of a permanent
character, and the result of the present season's
work will be a good one. Some of the mines
now worked were a few years since considered
as exhausted diggings.
The improvements recently made in hy-
draulic mining and the reduced price of water
in many places consequent on competition,
have increased the value of mining property in
many places. Though hydraulic mining has
been carried on for nearly twenty years, at
many points it was only recently that Hteps
were taken to develop the deep gravel deposits,
all the work having been done at easily acces-
sible points. Tbe value of a hydraulic mine
depends greatly on the facilities for working
it, and each year new mines are opened up by
ditches and flumes.
Drift Mining.
Drift mining has of late years become quite
profitable in California. The term drifting, as
applied to this class of operations, relates to
the mode of extracting the auriferous gravel
by means of tunnels and gangways, or galleries,
and washing the dirt in sluices. This system
is rendered necessary on account of the cap-
ping of volcanic matter overlying the ancient
channels and rendering hydraulic operations
impossible. In hydraulic mining the entire
face of the bank is removed by the pipe; in
drifting claims only the lower stratum of gravel
lying on the bedrock is mined and washed.
The average depth of pay gravel, when mined
in this manner is three feet. Careful estimates
place the yield of gravel generally at $1 per
car-load of 16 cubic feet to be considered pro-
fitable for drift mining, and the minimum
yield is fixed at from 85 cents to $1 per cubio
yard of broken ground — not ground in place.
The old Live Yankee claim in Sierra county
now nearly worked out, yielded during active
operations (from 1855 to 1863, inclusive), the
sum of $698,534, of which $370,100 wa« used
for opening up the claim, and the dividends
disbursed were $328,368. For several years
after, and until the ultimate exhaustion of the
ground, the dividends averaged $10,000 per an-
num. The claim yielded from date of opening
$1,000,000, of which half was paid in dividends.
The Bald Mountain claim now being worked in
Sierra county, may be taken as a specimen of
this class of claims. We gave a detailed de-
cryption of this claim a short time since, so it
is only necessary to refer to it here incident-
ally, with respect to the profit of this class of
claims. This company paid out $200,000 in
dividends between April, 1872, and January
1st, 1873, the only outlay being $20,000 for
running their tunnel 1,800 feet long. The to-
tal yield from July 1st, 1872. to July 1st, 1874,
was $328,352, of which $164,000 was paid out
in dividends. The ground has paid them $2.76
per car-load, or over $1.09 per cubic yard. The
percentage of dividends to gross amount is 50
per cent. Up to last October they had taken
out $345,079 from a piece of ground 1,000 feet
long by 500 wide, exclusive of the unworked
ground within the area, and not including the
gravel piles in the company's yards. These
figures and those given below give an idea of
the relative profit of this kind of mining,
which is very little understood outside the
mining districts even in California.
The Indiana Hill Blue Gravel Co., or Ce-
ment Mill Co., as it is sometimes called, at
Gold Run, is also a drift claim. They crush the
gravel with an 8-stamp mill. They work a.
breast seven feet high and 100 feet wide. The
mill crushes 45 car-loads in 24 hours, each car-
load weighing 1,600 pounds. The company has
been running a long time. We give from a re-
liable source the result of the last three years'
work. In 1874, with nine months run, they
crushed 10,017 car-loads, which yielded $30,-
811.50, an average of a little 'over $3 per car-
load. In 1873, with seven months run, 6,600
car-loads yielded $24,000, or an average of
nearly $4. In 1872, with four and a half
months run, thev crushed 3,300 car-loads,
which yielded $19,410, an average of a little
over $5 per car-load.
The placer mines near Oroville, in the "Lava
Beds," have been purchased this year by Chi-
namen, who have been working them with
profit. Upwards of 4,000 Chinamen are at
(.Continued on Pag-e 60.)
58
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 23, 1875
A Chapter of Tu!e History -.Staten
Island.
[Prom Paciflo Rural Press.
Editors Pbebs:— The season of 1873-4 is
completed and its lessons of success or failure
are ready for our instruction. There are many
-tasks and many learners in this school, and
each learner has his own task. The present
theme is a chapter from the experience of the
tule lands of our State. The swamp lands
generally, of California, have been growing in
favor within the past few years, and all infor-
mation on the subject excites attention. Un-
fortunately for the very object aimed at in re-
recent publications exceptional facts and
circumstances are insisted upon too much as if
of common occurrence. It must be noticed, as
prefatory to every remark, that experiment has
not yet given sufficient data from which to de-
duce a certain rule. Our chief concern still is
to gather and compare data, and such is the
purpose of the writer of this article. The re-
marks are also intended to be confined to one
district of swamp land and will detail briefly
the history of that district.
Staten Island.
The tract in question is formed by the forks
of the Mokelumne river just before that river
unites with the San Joaquin, and is also within
eaBy reach of Sacramento river, either across a
narrow neck of land, or farther by means of the
many streams that link this well-watered re-
gion. It lies in Sacramento county and from
Walnut Grove Post-office, which is one mile
from the head of the island, a good road ex-
tends 30 miles through a thickly-settled and
fruit-bearing country to Sacramento city.
Like all other fresh water tide lands, Staten
island, in its natural condition, was a swamp
over which the higher tides flowed, keeping it
continually wet. As would be expected, the
banks of theBe lands are usually somewhat
higher than the interior, and the water flowing
in at a spring tide is kept within, as in a basin,
so that there are usually several inches of water
always on the land back from the shore. In
very dry seasons, however, the lowness of the
river lessens the frequency of the tidal over-
flow, and this, with the large evaporation,
renders the land dry enough for pasturing
stock. At such times iu the past, large herds
of cattle and bands of sheep have been pas-
tured on the tule lands, without any reclama-
tion or leveeing whatever, and considerable
quantities of the wild grasB have been (cut and.
baled under like circumstances. This grass has
a bayonet-Bhaped blade and grows from a
strong root and stock, branching out a few
inches from the ground. It prefers a soil com-
posed almost entirely of vegetation, in which
it thrives luxuriantly, attaining a bight of four
or five feet. Wherever the quantity of sedi-
ment increases in the soil, the tule, a tall,
round rush, often ten feet high, becomes more
common. It is this plant, said to be so termed
by the Indians, that gives name to the lands
under consideration. The first settlement on
the tule lands were made along the Sacramento
river and for a long time were confined to the
high ridge of bank land formed by the sediment
which had accumulated from the winter floods.
This bank land has been and still is very valu-
able as orchard and garden land. The settlers
in time discovered that the back land was good
for pasture and also that the soil was chiefly of
vegetable ^formation— in many cases a fair
quality of peat— and that when dried it would
burn in the ground. They also found that any
crops planted in the ashes of the burnt land
would grow and yield remarkably well. In
this way, the value of the tule lands was demon-
strated upon a small scale, and capitalists, thus
assured, have undertaken the problem upon a
large scale, and one phase of that problem
is here presented iu this account of Staten
island.
The Work of Reclamation
Was begun in June, 1872. Eight dams were
put in as many sloughs, without the aid of
piling, except in the instance of the largest
slough, which also was the first dam built.
Had it been left to the last it could likely have
been completed- without piling. The great
difficulty in the v/ay of building dams, and
levees, too, on the tule lands is the lightness of
the earth. lb many cases the sods cut from
the ground float. Such material -should be
avoided entirely and heavier sought. This can
always be found in the vicinity of the sloughs,
and, with the judicious use of light brush, a
substantial bond can be made.
The largest portion of the leveeiDg was done
by a steam dredge iu charge of W. C. Sullivan.
This machine digs a ditch twelve feet wide and
four and one half feet deep, somewhat after the
Osgood plan, except that the bucket is attached
to a movable frame on a turn-table, which turns
to the right or left to dump the earth. The
whole apparatus is operated on a scow which
floats in the ditch it digs, and is drawn up to
its work by means of a capstan and anchor
ahead. It was claimed for the machine that
tn.t large mass of a full bucket, about one cubic
yard, dropped Bix or eight feet while soft, would
make a more compact levee than the small sods
cut out, handled and laid in the levee by Chi-
namen. The experience of the past winter
seems to confirm this claim. The machine
levee was indeed broken in a number of places;
but the embrasures were small, and in no case
was the earth carried away. The expense of
excavation is also leas than by Chinamen; but
unfortunately the machine cannot change the
depth and width of its ditch, nor vary its cast
of the earth, and hence, being confined to a
uniform ditch, the field of its operations is very
limited. It is a matter of great regret that
steam dredging apparatus has not been em-
ployed to a greater extent. Both on Staten
island and on other tracts of tule land large
mud flats have been formed by sedimentary
deposits brought down by the winter rains,
and this material can be put into levees at a
reasonable cost by steam dredges. But be the
cost of it double or treble that of the peaty soil
of which Chinamen build levees, still it would
be cheaper than the peat. It has required the
loss of several large crops and the overflow of
valuable lands to teach the reclaimers of tule
lauds the absurdity of erecting barriers against
water of material that might float.
The first step toward proper reclamation was
in the use of the earth taken from the river
bank on the outside of the levee. There the
sediment already spoken of had accumulated
to the depth of 18 inches, though considerably
mingled with the roots of vegetation, and the
sediment and roots combined make a very sub-
stantial levee, This method was first tried on
Staten island, in the spring of the year just
passed, in the face of many prophesies of evil
results, founded mainly on the bad effects of
cutting ditches on the outside of the levee on
Sherman island. On that island breaks in the
levee and serious cracks in the soil under it
have occurred, but the experiment on Staten
island has been eminenly satisfactory, and the
example there set is being followed on other
similar tracts. The earth taken from the out-
side of the levee is a yellow loamy clay, and
the embankment built of it was found, after six
months' u^age, to have shrunk and settled very
little compared with the previous levee of peat,
and a large percentage of what loss did occur
was, doubtless, owing to the foundation upon
whioh the addition was built. Nor was there
any break in the levee after the exterior soil
was added, although the levee was subjected to
the tides of June, the largest of the year. After
this satisfactory showing it remains now but to
take one step further, and with a steam dredge
get a material entirely fiee from vegetable mat-
ter, and furnished in un.imited quantities on
the margin of the land to be reclaimed, and
with it erect on an unbroken sod, effectual walls
against the inroads of floods.
Cultivation.
The problem of the tule lands now turn3
wholly upon their reclamation, and involves
mainly the substance of which the levees are
built. There is no longer any question regard-
ing their productiveness. All who know these
lands are satisfied in this respect. Even those
who have been disheartened by the loss of their
crops bring no charge against the soil, but
commend it saying: " The land is good enough
if you only keep the water off." The soil is
composed mainly of roots and decayed tules,
grass and other plants, and consequently is
generally nothing but a peat bed, varying in
depth from 5 to 30 feet. The surface kept dry
in the summer will burn in the fall to the depth
of several inches, and in the ashes of the sod
the crops are planted. In the fall of 1873
Staten island was fired, but owing to the short
time the levee had been completed the burning
was not extensive. Planting was begun by the
three or four settlers in January, 1874. Wheat
was first sown until about the 1st of March;
after that common and chevalier barley were
sown until the 15th of May. Most of the crops
were put in with sheep, which were driven
compactly over the burnt land after the seed
had been sown. The remainder were harrowed
in. The planting of the crop was found to be
comparatively light work whether with sheep or
harrows and at a cost of from $2 to $4 per acre,
including the seed. The chief trouble was
from the miring of the horses. Various appli-
ances in the way of horseshoes were resorted
to, the best of which was an iron shoe with an
exterior ring attached to it so as to receive the
horse's weight. With such a "tule shoe "
teams could get over the ground with consider-
able ease.
Harvest.
Seed-time being past, harvest began to be
looked for. The grain sprouted and looked
well; The heads appeared and nodded in the
wind and gladdened the eye of the farmer.
Then, when the fields were whitening for the
harvest, a serious evil threatened in the shape
of rtd rust. The wheat and barley were both
affected; bnt it was noticed that the late sown
grain suffered most. Wheat sown previous
to the first of February escaped almost entirely
without injury, and the later sown resisted the
rust much better than was expected when it
first appeared. It was thought also that the
continued wet weather and late high water had
as much to do in causing the rust as the late
sowing. Early sowing, however, seems to be
successful in any condition of weather, and a
remedy in case of a very wet season. When
harvest came, crops of undoubtedly large yield
stood ready to be gathered. Good judges esti-
mated the yield from 40 to 80 bushels ptr'acre.
Actual experiment found samples that pro-
duced, one, 77% bushels per acre; another,
58% buBhels per acre, both of wheat. Elated
by these large figures, the farmers, inexperi-
enced on tule soil, declined contracts which
they thought too high, and undertook the
work of harvesting themselves. On account of
the softness of the ground it was thought that
headers would be too heavy, and reapers were
employed instead to cut the grain. In most
cases the grain lay on the ground for several
weeks after it was cut, and was . at length load-
ed, loose, into wagons by Chinamen and hauled,
either to the stack or to the threshing-machine.
The tires of the wagons were two and one half
inches wide, and the ease with which they, and
alRo the reapers got over the soil was quite con-
clusive that headers might have been used, and
thus saved the large expense of so much hand-
ling of the grain in the .field. A large portion
of the crops was not harvested till long after
they were ripe, and, in consequence, the grain
fell down so that the- reapers could not cut
cleanly, but left on the ground as much as one-
fourth to one-half of the crop. Headers with
their lifters would have prevented this serious
loss.
The Yield.
Notwithstanding the defective harvesting,
the yield was very good.- The land was culti-
vated in scattered tracts, and no exact measure-
ments could be readily made; but, estimated by
the quantity of seed sown, there were about
1,000 acreB — 450 in wheat and 550 in barley,
The figures taken from the threshers' accounts
show, in the aggregate, a yield of 5,800 sacks
of wheat and .8, 400 sacks of barley. The aver-
age yield per acre' was, consequently, thirteen
sacks of wheat and fifteen sacks of barley, or,
by measurement, twenty-nine bushels of wheat
and thirty-four bushels of barley. While
these figures show a good yield, they do not
show the entire production of the crops. In
addition to what was left on the ground, one
large stack of wheat was burned up and a very
considerable quantity of barley was destroyed
by the early rain which overtook the late
threshing. It is very safe, therefore, to say,
that one-fourth of the crop was lost, and the
true average yield would be represented by
thirty-nine bushels of wheat and forty-five
bushels of barley per acre. A crop of wheat
cut for hay yielded about three tons per acre.
A number of acres of Indian corn were planted,
but not being cultivated after the planting
nothing came of it but promises of an abun-
dant yield in case of a proper cnltivation.
The Coming Season.
Such is the issue of the first year's crop on
Staten Island. While it did not fulfill the san-
guine expectations of the farmers, still the re-
sult is quite satisfactory. The defects and
losses were due mainly to inexperience on new
ground, and were no more thau what should
have been expected in an untried field* In-
deed it is a matter of surprise that the outcome
was as fortunate as it was. But now, since ex-
perience has been gained, another year will see
bettter cultivation, better harvesting, and a far
better yield. A larger force, with vastly in
creased facilities, undertake the coming crop.
Ten farmers are already busily engaged upon
the island, and they will cultivate not less than
4,000 acres, mostly in wheat and barley. Ex-
cellent dwellings and very substantial barns,
just completed, add largely to the comfort of
the residents and change the spacious area into
a well-settled neighborhood. The levee is
being enlarged, notwithstanding the successful
resistance to the severe test of last winter's
waters, as it is the determination of the settlers
to make "assurance doubly sure." December
has passed without rain, and a prosperous sea-
son is confidently expected. Should these
reasonable expectations be fulfilled, the tule
lands will, during the coming season, take a
great stride toward that high position they are
destined to hold among the richest agricultura
districts of our favored State.
L. C. McAfee, Engineer.
Staten Island, December 31, 1874.
Mining Accident, — Workmen were engaged
in sloping at the California mine, on Tuesday
night, when, without warning, they struck
through into the old Illinois works, and were
instantly flooded with the water which was
penned up in those works. The men all rushed
to get through the tunnel and succeeded in doing
so without injury, except Mr. Herrihausen, who
escaped with some severe injuries about the
head and shoulders. Tbe tools, cars, etc.,
which were used by the employe's were left in
the stopes, and are probably covered up with
the sediment and other debris from the old
works. The accident resulted very fortunately.
It is a wonder that every man was not drowned
or bruised to death by the rushing torrent of
water which was let loose by breaking the wall
separating the works. — Nevada Transcript.
Arizona Mines. — The Arizona Citizen sayst
At no time in the history of Pima county, has
mining operations been so numerous and full
of encouragement. We have an article pre-
pared showing in detail many facts, but it goes
over for the present.
In Yavapai, the condition is much the same.
Within a few days Mr. C. P. Crawford has ap-
plied for survey for patents to six copoer mines
Eugene E. Bariingame for two, and C. M.
Shannon and B. M. Hughes for one, in Yavapai
county at Clifton, and very soon we are told
applications for survey of about 10 more will
be made.
banking; and financial.
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
iCorrected Weekly by Charles Sutro & Co.]
Sam Francisco, Thursday, Jan. 14, 1875.
Legal Tenders in S. F., 11 a. m., 89 to 89,^.
Gold Bars, 880. Silver Bars, 3 per cent discount,
Mexican Dollars, \% and 2 per cent, discount.
Exchange on N. Y., 6-10 per cent, premium for eold;
Currency, IS per cent. On London— Bankers, 49!$; Com-
mercial, 50. Paris, 5 francs per dollar.
London— Consols, 92>£ to 92%; Bonds, 90%; Liverpool
Whe»tSs, 7<1. to 10s. fid.
Quicksilver in S. F., by the flask, per lb, $1.50
The Stockton "Woolen Mills, says the Inde-
pendent, constitute one of the best managed and
most useful industries in Stockton. Forty
thousand dollars is invested in the business.
There are 25 employed, to whom $1,000 wages
is paid per month. During 1874 the mills con-
sumed 20,000 pounds of wool. The manufac-
tured goods during the same period consisted
of 75,000 yards of flannel and 7,500 pairs of
blankets. Total value of manufactures, $75,000
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN FRANCISCO.
Capital, One Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOGG ..President,
H.F.HASTINGS Manager.
R.N. VAN BRUNT Oashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. '428 California street, San Francisco.
Kountse Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, upoa
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 BuBh street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tf GK MAHE, Director.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Pioneer Land and Loan Association.
Bank of Savings and Deposit. No 405 California Street,
Opposite Bank of California. Incorporated, 1869.
Guarantee Fund, $2(10,000. The Eightieth Dividend
■will be paid on the 5th of February. Deposits in Gold,
Silver and IT. S. Currency received, and interest paid in
the same. Certificates of Deposit and Pass Books Is-
sued, payable at ten days' notice, bearing ten per cent,
per annum. Ordinary Deposits, payable without no-
tice, nine per cent, per annum. Term Deposits receive
twelve per cent. Reports can be obtained at the Bank.
This incorporation is* in its seventh year, and refers
to over two thousand and one hundred depositors for
its economical and successful management, thereby
securing the full amount of interest earned. No charge
for entrance fees or pass books. Bank open from 9
a. m. to 6 p. m. On Saturday evenings until 9.
Money to loan on approved securities.
First-class Fire and Burglar-Proof Vaults for the safe-
keeping of Treasure, Special Deposits and Trust Funds,
Bonds, Silverplate, etc.
H. KOFAHL, Cashier.
THOS. GHAT, President.
J. O. DUNCAN, Secretary. 3-v29-3m
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
California Savings and Loan Society,
512 California Street, San Francisco, have declared a
dividend of nine and six-tenthB (9 G-10) per cent, per
annum on Term Deposit* and eight (8) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the half year ending
31st December, 1874, free from Federal Tax, and paya-
ble on and after Wednesday, 6th January, 1875. By
order,
3-v29-lm D. B. CHISHOLM, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
San Francisco Savings Union, 532
California Street, Cor. Webb, for the half year ending
with December 31st, 1874, a dividend has been declared
at the rate of nine (9) per cent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half t733) per cent, on Or-
dinary Deposits, free of Federal Tax, payable on and
after January 13th, 1875. By order,
3-v29-lm LOVELL WHITE, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Bank of the Western Savings and
Trust Co., San Francisco, Jan. 4th, 1875. Depositors'
Dividend — The Directors of this 'Corporation have this
day declared the semi-annual dividend, at the rate of
ten {10} per cent, per annum on Term Deposits and
eight (8) per cent, on Ordinary Deposits, payable on
and after January 10th, 1875, at the office of the Bank,
northeast corner of Post and Kearny streetB.
F- CLAY.
Vice-President and Cashier.
H. J. BOOTH, President. 3-v9-lm
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of
SAVINGS have declared a Dividend for the half year
ending December 31, 1874, at the rate of ten per cent,
per annum on term, eight per cent, per annum on class
one ordinary, and six per cent per annum on clasB two
ordinary deposits, payable on and after January 15th,
1875. By order G. M. CONDER, Cashier.
3y9-lm-bp
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to nil orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at Bhort notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerouB
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 Oalifornia street, RoomB 16 and 17.
24v26-tf
NONPAREIL OIL.
140 Degrees Fire Test, for Family TJse.
OWNERS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
attention is particularly called to this beautiful and
safe Illuminating Oil. Its use is urgently recom-
mended by the New York Fire Commissioners and In-
surance Companies. For sale to tbe trade In lots to
BUit. A. HATWARD, 224 Oalifornia St.
19v28-3m
January 23, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
59
Machinery.
Facittc Machinery Depot.
H. P. GREGORY,
Kmplrr Warvhome. Beit »t. near Market, 8 F.
Sole A Kent for Pacific Coast for J. A. Fay A Oo'a Wnod-
workine Machinery, Blake's Pa'cat 8leam Pnmpi.
Tanlt« Co'* Emery Wheel* and Maohinerv. Pitch-
bur* Machine Co's Machinist's Tools. Edson's
Recordirifi Steam Gauge, Trinmpr, Fir© Ex-
tin«utfiher. Also on hand and for Snle:
eturtCTnnt'B Bowers and Exhauct Fins, John A. Roeb-
lln n Ron*' Wire Rope, Pnre Oak Tanned Leather
Bating. Pyrin's French Band Saw Blades,
Planer Knives Nathan A Dreyfus Glass
Oiler*, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kind". P. O. Rox lfi£
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
ExxitA Heavy and Impboved Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO.,
Manufactubeb.
LATHE8, PLANERS, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F.
BALL'S
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has been very lately well proven by per-
forming- a job of dredglne at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
Tfaero is but this one machine that has ever had these
improvements employed. It is an old machine, for-
merly built for another device, and is unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet this first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of efghty-
flve cubic yards in sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation {supported by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references will be given on appli-
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
'Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a oasis of actual work performed by a
■machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, -which
is warranting the capacity of the machine by actual
■work:
1 will enter into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and sell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
$2l>,000, warranting the machine to dredge six cubic
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the cost of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask noVting for my patents unless my machine
dredges more than six cnbic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in case (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than six cubic yards per
minute, then $10,000 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every such additional cubic yard
thus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
' of a cubio yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is to be added to said price above stated.
1 will sell any other Territorial or State rights (either
United States or Foreign) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coaet.
I will sell a single machine with scows and all com-
plete, and right to use the Bame in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above stated, but will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubie yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
PaymentB to be made in U. S. gold coin on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF
AIND OTHER. MISTALK
107, 109 and III FRONT STREET,
108. 110 and 112 PINE STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL,
2v30-r>m-eow
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIGHEST PREMIUM
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cisco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
Theaa Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated under the oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
C; it then becomes greasy steam, passes to all the
valves and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glass
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rodn and stems lasts longer, and the rinks on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will last from three
to six days, according to Bpeed and size of engine; T,
sliding gauge; K . valve to shut off when engine stoppB;
H, F, valves to shut off in. case of frost; steam does not
enter the cup; it 1b always cool; warranted t give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Man facturedby
California BrasB Works, 125 First street, S F. 24v23
STURTEVANT
BLOWERS &
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H.P.GREGORY
SAN FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
HP GREGORY
l. SOLE AGENT ■'■
FITCHBURG MACHINE Cos
MACHINISTS'
:'•:•; ;SAN FRANCISCO
9v28-tf
JOHN A.
BALL,
Oakland.
Averill Chemical Paint,
MANUFACTURED BY THE
Cal. Ckemical Paint Co.
PURE WHITE, AND ANT SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint iB prepared in liquid form, READY FOR
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It is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
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It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and will
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In ordering White, state whether for Outside or In-
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Put up in \i, H, 1.2 and 5 gallon packageB, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price LiBt, or apply to the manufactory and office,
Cor. 4th and Townsend streets, S. F.
TYLER BEACH, M. C. JEWELL,
President. Secretary.
3v9-eow-bp-ly
STUART & ELDER,
WHOLESALE
COMMISSION1 MERCHANTS
FOR THE SALE OF
California Dairy Produce,
GRAIN &; QUICKSILVER,
204 Front Street, San Francisco.
AGENTS FOR THE
Missouri,
Kentuck,
Ida Clayton
and Yellow Jacket
Quicksilver Mines.
All orders for Supplies and Machinery for
Mines promptly attended to.
RETORTS, POWDER and MINERS' TOOLS
Supplied at Importers' Prices.
3v9-eow-bp
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
& SULPHURIC ACID MANUFACTURERS.
For sale or to lease the LEVIATHAN COPPER MINE,
in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallic copper
finely diSBeininated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 60 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations, realized $30,-
000 for Bluestone. In Bight, 2,000 tonB 20 per cent, ore;
on dump , 300 tonB 15 per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Cost of ex-
traction, $2. There is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, Impregnated with 26 per cent, pure
sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantageous
terms will be offered. For further particulars apply to
Leurs Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine county, Cal.
teipegs birectory.
OILS! H. GRAT. JAMU M. HACKS.
GRAY & HAVEN,
\TTOK\K, S AMM (It VSKLOKS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
Vornlnami LcidosdorfT streets,
saw VRANniRnn
JOHN ROACH, Optician.
429 Montgomery Street,
. W, corner Sacramento.
IV. 1 instruments made, repaired and adjusted
Wvi7-.im
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
SuMhyall l>«)?ra tlirxuttlioutthe World.
UKftKT KIMBALL.
BARTLING- & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Balers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
50S C'luy street, (southwest cor. Sanaome),
l"Vl2-Sm SAN PRANCI8CO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases.
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge 8.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Halgbt. 6v28-3m
Ayer's Hair Vigor
— fob—
ftEHTORIINTO OR AY HAIR
TO ITS NATURAL VITALITY AND COLOR.
Advancing years, siok-
neBB, care, disappoint-
ment, and hereditary
predisposition, all turn
the hair gray, and either
of them incline it to shed
prematurely.
Ayer's BLun Vigob, by
long and ox tensive use,
has proven that it stops
the falling of the hair
immediately, often re-
news the growth, and always surely restores its color,
when faded or gray. It stimulates the nutritive organs
to healthy activity, and preserves both the hair and its
beauty. Thus brashy, weak or sickly hair becomes
glossy, pliable and strengthened; lost hair regrowB with
lively expression; falling hair is checked and stabliBhed;
thin hair thickens; nr i1 it*9* or gray hair resume their
original color. Its operation is sure Aid '•nrmipss. It
cures dandruff, heals all humors, and keeps the bQa1)j
cool, clean and soft — under which conditions, diseases
of the scalp ore impossible.
As a dressing for ladies' hair, the Vioob is praised for
its grateful and agreeable perfume, and valued for the
soft luster and richness of tone it impartB.
PREPARED BY
DR. J. 0. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass..
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
•3* Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, Wholesale Agents,
jyl8-Ba BAN FRANCISCO.
SANBORN & BYRNES,
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. OrderB from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
erB. Billiard Balls and Ten Pine, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 26v'8-8m-bp
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G. & II- HARNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nos. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers ot
Stovesand MetalB, Tinuers1 Goods, Tools and Machines;
Hi acd 11' California St., 17 and 19 Imvis St., Sao Fran-
cisco, and 178 J St.. Sacrairento. mr.-ly
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 23, 1875.JM,
(Continued from Page 57)
work in this vicinity. They have plenty of
■water, and sink small shafts to get out the
gravel.
Quartz Mining.
Iu Amador county reports for the developed
quartz mines are encouraging; lodes in course
of development giving, as a general thing, good
promises of future business. In the county dur-
ing the year ending in June last. 83,450 tons of
ore were crushed. There are 15 quartz mills
in this county, and 11 mining ditches 296 miles
long in the aggregate. There were 2,890 tons
of coal mined in this county last year.
Monterey county is one of the counties lately
brought into notice as a mining region. New
mines have recently been opened there, but no
extensive developments have yet been made.
Cinnabar and coal are the principal things
sought for, and prospectors have for several
mouths been searching tor both.
In Inyo oounty, beside Panamint, elsewhere
referred to, the Cerro Gordo mines are working
away, turning out base bullion by the ton.
There arejjtwo furnaces, there each about 30
tons capacity. These furnaces produce etch
about 12% tons of bullion per day, which is
worth about $115 in silver and $90 in lead per
ton. The mines in this camp are not naif
opened, yet they are doing very well. A cor-
respondent of ours a short time since gave us
some figures of the yield in which he puts that
of 1874 as follows: capital invested in furnaces,
mines, bed-rock tunnels, etc., during the year,
$15,000; bullion produced 6,000 tonB; net profits
at $80 per ton. $540,000; total capital invested
in the caitp, $100,000; total net profits since
1869 at above estimated, $1,800,000. This is a
very good showing.
Panamint, the seat of the last stampede, is
in a mountainous rocky region at an elevation
of 7,000 feet. The ore is quartz, containing
silver, oopper, lead, and a little gold. The ore
is rebellious, and is shipped to Liverpool for
reduction. It assayB all the way from
$100 to $3,000 per ton. It costs to ship this
ore to Liverpool $55 per ton. The ores con-
tain from 10 to 30 per cent, copper, which as-
sists greatly in paying these freight expenses.
There are now about 2,000 men in the camp, a
20-stamp and a 5-stamp mill, a newspaper of
diminutive size, and lots of prospective million-
aires. The capitalists who have invested there
are in earnest, and have gone to work properly
to develop the mines. Panamint has yet to
prove its claim to be called a "Second Washoe."
It is young yet, however, and may begin to pan
out in the spring.
We have not Bpace to enumerate any details
of the result of quartz mining operations in
California. Mines are being worked in all
directions, and with varyiDg results of course.
It gives us pleasure to record, however, the fact
that some attention is being turned to this
■ jmrtly neglected branch of operations in Cali-
fornia, as people are beginning to find out that
they can make money out of quartz at home as
well as in the neighboring States. The Cali-
fornia quartz mines are worked at a less oost
than those on other parts of the coast. There
are hundreds of good mines, however, lying
idle, only needing the required capital to be-
come good paying properties. The operations
of some heavy capitalists in the Southern
counties has given a wonderful impetus to
quartz mining in those localities, and if they
are successful, it is to be hoped that the exam-
ple will become contageous. At any rate, it
has already had the effect of greatly stimulating
prospecting, and several new districts have
been found. In the spring, when the weather
becomes propitious, the Southern oounties
will be alive with the overflow of prospectors
from Panamint, and new discoveries will be
the result.
Results from Ten Leading Mines.
We are able to give, through the courtesy of
Mr. Skidmore, who is .oollating statistics of
California for the U. S. Mining Commissioner's
report, a brief summary of some of the leading
quartz mines of California. These are the
Idaho, Nevada County; Eureka, Nevada City;
Empire, Nevada county ; Black Bear, Siskiyou
county; Plumas-Eureka, Plumas county; Sierra
Buttes, Sierra county; Sumner, Kern county;
Bute's mine, Mariposa county, and Keystone,
Amador county. There are some fifteen of these
mines which have yielded over $200,000 each.
TheBe returns embrace ten of the leading mines,
exclusive of the Consolidated Amador and Char-
iot Mill, returns from which have not yet been
received. The product of the ten mines above
enumerated, was $2,996,500 in 1874, from 187,-
391 tons of ore, making an average of nearly
$300,000 each. The average product of the
ten mines was $21.39 per ton. Average cost of
milling was $1 .84. Average cost of mining wsb
$5.70. Average earnings was $13 85 per ton.
Only one of these mines is called in the Stock
Board — Eureka — so then yield or dividend is
not mentioned in the list of dividends. The
cost of milling by steam runs from $2 to $2.10
per ton, and the lowest cost of milling by
water power was at the Sierra Buttes mine — 83
cents per ton. All these mines own their own
mills. They have an aggregate of 361 stamps,
which does not include the 80-.-timp mill be-
in^ built by the Sumner mine, Kern county,
which is to be run by water power. The great-
est weight of stamp is 900 pounds, at the Em-
pire mill, Grass Valley. The smallest weight
of stamp is 500 pounds at the Hites mine, Mari-
posa county. The greatest yield per ton from
one any of the ten mines, $40 per ton. The
lowest yield per ton was $13. The miner's
wages run from $2.50 to $3.50 per day. These
ten mines employ 997 skilled miners, exclusive
of the surface and mill men. The highest pro-
duction from any one of the mines was $664,811
and the lowest was $160,000. Strange to say
the one which made the lowest product is con-
sidered the one which will sell for the most
money, and at the same time, the one whioh
produced the highest grade ore gave the small-
est total yield. These figures will give, with-
out going into details of the particular mines,
a good idea of costs, etc., as the figures are reli-
able and carefully averaged. The low cost of
milling will probably surprise those people who
are paying from $7 to $15 per ton for crushing
at custom mills.
To the Burleigh drills, now so extensively
used on this coast, must be given considerable
credit for cheapening mining and hurrying up
tunnel work. They have been of the greatest
assistance, and have very much lessened the
cost of large operations, either in sinking,
sloping or tunneling.
Change ol Mining Centers.
To those who were in this State only a few
years ago it may be interesting to note the
changes of mining centers which has taken
place in California within the past two years.
Here are all the coast counties coming into no-
tice as mining regions which were considered
"cabbage orchards" by the miners not long
since. Many of the counties now look with as
much interest on their mineral as on their ag-
ricultural products. Napa, Sonoma, Solano,
Lake, Mendocino, Alameda, Contra Costa,
Monterey, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San
Diego, Santa Cruz, San Luis Obispo, Colusa,
Yolo and Fresno counties, all have mining dis-
tricts. The coast counties were formerly con-
sidered only fit for agricultural purposes, but
now there is as much prospecting as plowing
done. In Napa, Sonoma, Lake, Colusa, Mon-
terey and San Luis Obispo counties, they are
very much excited over the subject of quick-
silver, as they are in faot in the other counties
mentioned. Coal has been found in some of
these counties, as has also silver and gold.
But the principal object of search in most of the
counties mentioned, is that slippery metal
Quicksilver.
This has become a metal of even more im-
portance than ever of late on account of its
scaroity and consequent high price. The quick-
silver excitement as well as its price may be
said to have kept up to the highest pitch dur-
ing the whole year. The value of the metal,
the aocessibilitity of the localities where it is
found, the broad area of country where it is
likely to be met with, and the value of a good
mine are all incentives which oombine to keep
up the excitement. It is confined to no par-
ticular locality in the State, aud all classes of
people have turned prospectors to find it.
Honest farmers have dropped the plow and
taken to the piok, and even the female part of
the population in some places, have ob-
tained prospectors' outfits and scoured the hills
in search of the precious metal. It .has been
selling at $1 55 per pound for some months
past, and is likely to go higher before it falls
lower. Our mines must be actively worked to
meet the extraordinary demands which the im-
mense mills and heavy mining operations at
present conducted require. Only a few of the
new mines are yielding quantities of any mo-
ment, though many of them are being steadily
developed. A great many small claims are be-
ing rapidly developed which will in the future
add to the production. It is impossible to
state the number of quicksilver claims in
California, but after some difficulty we have
been able to arrange the following list of pro-
ducing mines, and add to it a list of a number
of others which are likely to become good
mines when further developed. We give in
this list also the number of retorts, and fur-
naces in use at the producing mines, together
with the name of the style of furnace:
Producing Quicksilver Mines in California.
Almaden Mine, Santa Clara county. Has six"Almaden"
furnaces; building one more. Mr. Randol the Su-
perintendent, informs us that the product of the
mine in 1S7-1 was 9,081 flasks.
Redtngton Mine, Napa county. Has two Knox & Os-
borne, and two Almaden furnaces running. Build-
ing two more Knox & Osborne furnaces. The mine
is supposed to yield about 1,000 flasks per month,
exceeding the product of the Almaden, and produc-
ing more than any other mine in California.
California Borax Co.'s Mines, Lake county. Has two
Luckhardt furnaces, a Knox & Osborne furnace, a
Wallbridge furnace and five large retorts. Will
erect another Knox & Osborne furnace in the Spring.
Great Western, Lake county. Has one 10-ton Luck-
hardt furnace; also one known as the Great West-
ern or Green furnace — 30-tons.
American Mine, Lake county. Has a ten-stamp mill
for crushing the ore, 12 retorts, a Luckhardt fur-
nace, a Wallbridge furnace, and a Persohbacker
furnace.
New Idria Mine, FreBno county. Has two "Almaden"
furnaces and a Maxwell furnace.
Monterey Mine, near New Idria, has a small Almaden
furnace.
Guadalupe Mine, Santa Clara county. Has two small
Almaden furnaces aud building a Maxwell furnace.
Enriqutta, Santa Clara county. Hoisting ore which is
reduced at the Almaden mine.
North Almaden, Santa Clara county. Building a
"Neate" furnace.
Cerro Bom ro, Fresno county. Has a Knox & Osborne
furnace.
California Mine. On line of Napa and Yolo counties;
has a Kuox & Osborne furnace.
Oceanic, San LuiB Obispo county. Building a Louis
Janin furnace.
Keystone, San Luis Obispo county. Just completed a
furnace.
Buena Vista, San Luis Obispo county. Have a very
small Almaden furnace.
Sunderland, San Luis Obispo county. Has a Luck-
hardt furnace.
Manhattan, Napa county. Has a Knox & Osborne
furuace.
Phcsnix, Napa county. Has a Knox & Osborne furnace.
Aetna, Napa county. Has a Knox & Osborne furnace.
Ida Olatton & Yellow Jaoket, Napa county. Have a
Kuox & Osborne furnace between them.
Abbot Mine, Lake county. Has a Knox & Osborne
furnace.
Euoeete, Colusa county. Has a Knox & Osborne fur-
nace.
Battlbshaee, Sonoma county. Has a Luckhardt fur-
nace and retort.
Annie Beloher, Sonoma county. Has a Knox & Os-
borne furnace, just completed.
Geyser, Sonoma county. Has a Knox & Osborne, fur-
nace just completed. ,
Oloverdale, Sonoma county. Has a Knox & Osborne
furnace jnst completed,
Josephine, San Luis Obispo county. Small 8-ton fur-
nace.
Livermore, Sonoma county. Has a modified form of
the Knox & Osborne furnace.
Sonoma, Sonoma county. Has a Luckhardt furnace.
Missouri, Sonoma county. Has five retorts.
Oakland, Sonoma county. Has five retorts.
Exoelsior, Sonoma county. Just completed a Winter-
burn furnace similar to the Green or Great Western.
St. Johns, Solano county. Has a Neate furnace.
Kearsarqe Mine, Lake county. Has retortB; but no
furnace. ■
Eastern, Sonoma county. Erecting a Wallbridge fur-
nace and will put up a Knox & Osborne.
Western or Mount Jackson, Sonoma county. Have
one email Almaden furnace built by Winterbum.
Washtnqton Mine, Napa county. Has an Almaden fur-
nace with Colt condenser.
Oakvtlle Mine. Has three Luckhardt furnaces. (No
■work done during 1874.)
AMARnxo, Sonoma county. Has one retort; com-
menced running in December.
Comstock Mine, Santa Clara county. Has one retort.
Elgin Mine, Colusa county. Has one retort.
Station Mines, San Benito and Merced counties.
This is a group of 12 mines consolidated in one
company. Have one retort running and will erect
a Knox & Osborne furnace in the Spring.
The following list of quicksilver claims give
promise of being mines when developed, and
will have furnaces or other reduction works
this year. The list is not supposed to embrace
one-half of the good prospects which will be so
improved :
The Los Prietos claim, Santa Barbara coun-
ty; Jeff Davis, San Luis Obispo county; Todos
Santos, San Luis Obispo county; Pine Mount-
ain, San Luis Obispo county; Qnien Sabe,
San Luis Obispo county; Amador, El Dorado
county; Kentuck, Sonoma county; Socrates,
Sonoma county, is well opened and ready for
furnace. Flagstaff, Sonoma county; Mercury,
Sonoma county; Wall Street, Lake county;
Columbia, Lake county; London, Lake oounty;
El Madre, Napa county; Georgia, Sonoma coun-
ty; Cedar, Napa county; Montezuma, Colusa
county; Empire, Colusa county; Cochrane,
San Luis Obispo county; Live Oak, Sonoma
county; Hercules, Sonoma county; Emma,
Sonoma county; Illinois, Sonoma county;
Peerless, Napa county; Thompson, Sonoma
county; Central, Napa county; American, Lake
county; Yosemite, Napa county; Bacon mines,
Sonoma county; Pilot Knob, Lake county;
Alios Cross; Brandt mine, Sonoma county;
Lyttle, Trinity county; Boston, Trinity county;
Edith, Sonoma county; Empire mine, Mendo-
cino county ; Gibson & Phillips, San Luis
Obispo county.
There are many other claims being worked,
which have yet assumed no prominence, and
which are not mentioned above. We are
unable to give any figures of the quicksilver
product of the year. Most of the metal is
consumed at the mines in the diflerent mining
States and Territories, the Comstook mines
using the largest amount of any one seetion.
The item of quicksilver, at its present prices,
is an, important one to the mining interests.
How much we have consumed, it is difficult to
tell. It all goes out of the State, and none of
it ever returns. When our mills lose from
half a pound to a pound and a-half for every
ton they work it does not take long to .use
several tons of mercury. By the statistics of
the Central Pacific Railroad Company, we Bee
that 432,635 pounds of quicksilver were shipped
from this city as through freight, (which
means that it went out of the State), and 36,444
pounds were shipped from San Jose. As local
freight they carried 47,007 pounds. Our ex-
ports by sea from this city from 1859 to 1874
inclusive were as follows:
Quicksilver Exports.
Year.
I860..
Flasks/ Value.
8,367 $ 126,202
1860 8,962 318,320
1861 35.218 1,112,654
1B62 ' 35,707 1,169,197
1863 26,060 . 966,713
1864 37.252 1,527,963
1865 41,256 1,733,283
1866 30,789 1,082,940
1867 28,824 929,726
1868 43,507 1 330,054
1869 23.365 f747,671
1870 12.959 U02.051
1871 11,244 852,125
1872 s 14,721 875.414
1873 6,169 462,495
1874 6,388 5311,625
Totals 365,788 $14,226,441
The following table shows the destination of
the quicksilver shipped by sea :
Flasks.
New York 2,505
Central America 547
Ohina 1,150
Japan 83
British Columbia 2
Australia 50
Mexico 1,146
New Zealand 31
Totals 5,504 $498,330
Quicksilver mining is destined to become
even more important to California than it has
ever been before, for we have the only mines
of the kind in the United States.
During the past year
Copper Mining
Has not been in so flourishing a coudition as
one would suppose. All the copper mined is
shipped from here to Liverpool for reduction,
none of it being worked here. The high rates
of freight ruling during most of the year have
deterred owners from shipping, and the mines
have in consequence not been worked very
actively. The figures of export for the year,
whioh are the figures of production, show a
lower average than they have sinoe we began to
mine copper here. The exports of copper
from 1861 to 1874, inclusive, were as follows:
Year. Tons. Value.
1861 : :.. 1759 $ 122,581
1862 3389 293.194
1863 6933 512,925
1864 14315 1,994,660
1865 25830 1,821,360
1866 19813 1.383,852
1867 7833 421,546
1868 5077 227,925
1869 2642 117,133
1870 2264 113,732
1871 2552 121.950
1872 2193 115970
1873 1832 1114,862
1874 1352 67,400
Totals 90,674 $7,439,080
Lead.
In a previous portion of this article, we men-
tioned the product of the Cerro Gordo base
bullion mines. The lead refined in the city in
1874 was 20,000 tons, and 10,000 tons were ship-
ped. San Francisco is fast becoming one of
the most important lead refining centers in the
world. For a few years past the bullion from
the Cerro Gordo mines with some from Nevada
has been refined at Selby's works at North
Beach, and last year the amount refined was
12,000 tons, of which 10,000 was exported.
Every year this establishment grows, and we
hope ere long to say that the whole product of
the Pacific is being manufactured here. Many
new mines producing lead have been opened of
late, and the industry is fast growing to large
proportions.
A very important article to every one here as
elsewhere is
Coal.
California though abounding in everything
else has very little true coal. The lignites of.
some of the counties are now being utilized
however, and several new coal mines were
opened during the year. The receipts of coal
in this city from all Pacific Coast sources have
largely increased during the year save alone
from Bellingham Bay and the Kocky Moun-
tains. About 325,520 tons were received in
this city from Pacific Coast mines, including
47,982 tons from British Columbia. The re-
ceipts of Mount Diablo coal during 1874 were
203,255 tons. The production of California, as
represented by the Mount Diablo mines, has
increased 33,255 tons. The deposits at Lincoln
are, if the quality of coal be all that has been
said of it, of the greatest importance to the
future industrial development of the State.
Other discoveries were made in the southern
part of the State earlier in the year, but nothing
has sinoe been heard of them as is the case
with several other localities.
Conclusion.
In concluding our remarks on California
mines we most heartily congratulate our
miners on the result of their year's work.
Everything is in a prosperous condition anoi
the late rains will make plenty of business for
all hands for some time to come. As yet, how-
ever, there is not an abundance of snow supply
in the mountains for this seasons purposes,
but it is to be hoped that before the winter
closes it will be piled deep and high in the
mountains and transfer itself gradually into
the miDers greatest want, water. Several of
the new districts opened this year have yet to
prove their worth and by spring we expect to
hear of many new mines being opened.
We have in this article confined ourselves
entirely to California mining matters with the
exception of the statistics relating to bullion
productions. We are unable for want of space
to enter into any details of neighboring States
and Territories.
They have made on the Comstock lode, in
Nevada,- some of the greatest mining develop-
ments ever made in the world. We have of
late given considerable space to detail these
discoveries, and regret that we have no space
here to speak at length concerning them. The
details are, however, fresh in everybody's
mind, as they are attracting the attention of
the whole world.
The stock excitement in San Francisco con-
sequent on these discoveries has been general,
and many people have made large fortunes. Of
this, also, we have given details from time to
time. The aggregate amount of sales at the
San Francisco Stock and Exchange Board dur-
ing 1874 was $260,471,915, about double that of
any previous year. The sales last month alone
were $50,000,000.
Jno. P. Kankin. Established 1850. A. P. Bsayton
Pacific Iron Works.
First Street,
San Franoiboo.
Geo. w. Foge, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVEKY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND KEPAIRINQ WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDABD & CO., Props.
January 23, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
61
ADAPTED TO EVERY SITUATION
GfiD.EBLA'kE MFC CO.
H. P. GREGORY,
Bole Agent for the Pacific Coast, Empire Warehouse,
Beale street, near Market, San Francisco, Cal.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Frn« Stbebt.
San Francisco.
STEIGrER. & KERK,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole mannfacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings. .
.Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Street, San Francisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts.Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrap ers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes. Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern -rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
frriety. 4v30-lyr.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Savings and Loan Society, 619 Clay
Street. The Board of Directors have declared a divi-
dend for the six months ending December 31, 1874, of
Nine per cent, per annum on all deposits free of Fed-
oral tax, and payable on and after January 15, 1875.
By order CYRUS W. CARMANT, Cashier.
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
HP GREGORY
w SOLE AGEWT FOR THE
'v/HEELs
SAN FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACHY DEPOT
GUARANTEED PURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
BELTING
HP GREGORY
SAN FRANCISCO
DIVIDEND NOTICE
Pioneer Land and Loan Association.
Bunk uf Savings and Deposit. No, 406 California Street,
Opposite Bank of Caliiornia. Incorporated, 1809.
Guarantee Fund, $'»nu,000. The Eightieth Dividend
will bo paid on the flth of February. Deposits in Gold.
Silver nod D. S. Currency received, anil Intercut paid in
the same. Certificate* of DopoBit and Pas* Book* is-
sued, payablo at ten days' notice, bearing ten per cent,
per annum. Ordinary Deposits, payable without no-
tice, nine i>er cent, per annum. Term Deposits receive
twelve per cut. Reports can be obtained at the Bank.
This incorporation is in lta seventh y>nr. ami ref<-rs
to over two thousand aud ono huoilrotl dt-pnsitors for
Ita economical and Biieiv*8ful manage m en t, thereby
securing tho full amount of interval enood. No charge
fur untrHii.e fee-t or pass books. Bank open from D
a. m. tn 6 p. m. On Saturday evenings until 0.
Money to loan on approved securities.
First-clans Fire and Burglar- Proof Vaults for the safe-
keeping of Treasure. Special DeposttB and TrUBt Funds,
Bonds, Sllverplate, etc.
H. KOFAHL, CaBbJor.
THUS. GRAY, President.
J. C. DUNCAN, Secretary. 3-v29-3m
Semi-Annual Statement
PIONEER
Land and Loan Association
BANK
— OF —
SAVINGS and DEPOSIT,
No. 405 California Street,
(OPPOSITE BANE OF CALIFORNIA.)
January 1, 1875.
Subscribed Capital $2'00 060 00
Paid-up Capital 1.00,000 TO
ASSETS.
Real Estate, Loans on Mortgage, Loans on
United Statos, City and County Bonds,
and Interest due thereon $935, 59G 40
Office Furniture , \ ^go on
Cash on hand _ 321*81 60
$969,838 01
LIABILITIES.
Term Deposits ?i82,147 60
Ordinary Deposits, Certificates of Deposit,
und all other liabilities 387,090 48
Paid-\ip Stock Capita], being Guarantee
Fund, above all liabilities 100,000 00
5969,838 08
United States gold ooln. to the Socretary, at tho office
of the Company, 314 California street, San Francisco, Cal.
Any stuck upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 3lnt day of January, 1875, will be d.liii.iuent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unle-s
pavment is made before, will b« sold 0n the 21st day of
rebruary. 1875, to pay the delinquent aasc-SMiootit, together
with eoata of advertising and expenses ol sale
„ , » », „ .,» J-OUIS rKANCONI. Secretary-
Office, No. 314 California street, San Fnineisou, Cal. .
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Locatinn of principal place of business, Snn
1' ranoiieo, California. Location of works, Nashville, Kl
Dorado countv, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Directors,
nold on the 14th day of January. 1815, an assessment or
tSi ; i one dollar per share was levied upon the capital stock
of the corporation, payable immediately, in United States
jrold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of th-- company.
4US Cullforata street, room iti, San Francisco. California,
Any stock upon which this »ss<'ssineni shall remain un-
paid on the sixteenth day of February. 1875. will be delin-
quent and advertised for sale at public nuction, and un-
it-s a payment is made before, will be sold nn Friday, the
5th dny of M ireh. 1875. to pay tliu delinquent aHsessiiient.
together with coats of advertising and expenses of wile.
_„ J. W. TRtFP, Secretary.
Office, room 16, 408 California street, bun Francisco.
California.
Confidence Mining Company — Location
Of. principal place of business, San Francisco, C ilif.rnia.
Location of works, Tuolumne County, State of Califor-
nia.
Notice Is hereby given, that at a meeting of tho Board of
Directors, held on the sixteenth day ot January, 18,5, an
assessment of thirty (3(1) cent* per share was levied upon
the cat>i:a) stock of the corporation, payable immediately
In United States cold coin, to the Secretary, at tho officu
ot toe company, 21U Battery street, San Francisco, Califor-
nia.
Any Btock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid 4n Tuesday, the twenty-third day of Fobrunrv, A. D..
1H75, will be delinquent, and advertised for sale lit public
auction, and unless payment is made before, will be sold
on Wednesday, the seventeenth day of March, I87f>. to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs ofodvei-
tising and expenses of sale.
W. S. ANDERSON. Secretary.
Office. 210 Battery street, San Francisco, Cal.
Number of Depositors 2,075
Increase in the past six months 710
Gross earnings for the past six months $53,274 16
Expenses for the past six months 5,451 75
Rate of Dividend: Term Deposits, twelve
per cent.; Ordinary Deposits, nine per
cent.; being an average dividend of ten
and flve-oighths per cent, per annum.
H. KOFAHL. Cashier.
THOS. GRAY, President. J. C. DUNOAN. Secretary .
NIMltOD BAULSIIt.
HICHAM? O.HANSOS-
Riohaed C. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
Lmfohvebs op all kinds of
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHEB FOK PUMPS,
Lien urn "Vitea for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAK STREET,
Near Market,
HAN FRANCISCO.
|Mi|iipg and Other Companies
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company—
Location of principal place of business, San I ran-
cisco, California. Location of works, Central Hill,
Calaveras County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, (No. 2,)
levied on the 7th day of December, 1874, the several
amounts set opposite the names of the respective
shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
W H Knight, trustee 9 1875 $93 75
W H Knight, trustee 61 1875 9d 75
C H Stover 15 500 25 00
OH Stover 16 600 25 00
C H Stover 14 SOU 25 U0
CH Stover 17 375 18 75
GREckley 8 750 37 60
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 7th day of December,
1874, so many shares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Company, 321 Battery street, San Francisco
Cal. , on Monday, the twenty-fifth day of January. 1875,
at 12 o'clock, m, to pay delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
ABRAM SHEAR, Secretary.
Office, 321 Battery street, San Francisco, California,
(office of TJ. 8. Internal Revenue Collector.)
Postponement. — The date of payment of assessment
on the above described Btock ib deterred until Monday,
February 1st, 1875. ABRAM SHEAR, Secretary.
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca^
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal-
fornia. Location of Works, Sonuel, Santa Cruz-County.
California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 23d day of December, 1874, an, as-
sessment of Five Dollars per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
Electric Mining Company— Location of
Principal placeof busineBB, San Francisco, Cal.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of asseBsment, lev-
ied on the twenty-eighth day of November, 1874, the
several amounts set opposite the names of the respec-
tive shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
GeoHasen 301 300 15 00
G' J Rader 302 ' 150 7 60
C JRader 324 1060 53 00
C J" Rader 330 300 16 00
O J Rader 331 100 5 00
C JJRader 332 1200 60 00
TB Wingard Trustee..... ..322 60 2 60
T B Wingard Trustee 326 100 6 00
Tpi Wingard Trustee 347 2825 141 25
JBHoughton 90 SO 2 60
J B Houghton 91 25 1 25
J B Houghton 392 41 2 05
JBHoughton 202 % 2J$c
J B Houghton 314 475 28 75
WmRMcCaw 348 150 7 50
John Mullen 158 760 37 50
flW Malone 56 50 2 60
GW Malone 57 50 2 60
GW Malone 58 60 2 60
G W Malone 59 60 2 50
GW Malone GO 60 2 60
G W Malone. 177 1000 60 00
G WMalone 206 187 9 35
GWTerrill 51 500 25 00
M Ellsworth 178 SO 2 60
G W Mullen Trustee 04 100 6 00
€1 W MullinTrustee 604 150 7 50
Mrs Annie Woods 76 100 5 00
Mrs Annie Woods 131 500 25 00
Mrs Annie Woods 280 550 27 50
Mrs Annie Woods 303 147 7 36
Htb Annie Woods 318 300 15 00
Mrs Annie Woods 346 600 30 00
Herbert Eastwood 102 50 2 50*
Herbert Eastwood 224 7 M
E Wolleb, Trustee 105 25 I 26
E Wolleb, Trustee 113 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 114 109 6 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 115 109 6 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 116 HOQ 6 00
E Wolleb, TruBtee 117 1100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 118 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 119 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 121 50 a 60
E Wolleb, Trustee 122 100 .S 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 123 100 .6 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 124 60 2 50
E Wolleb, Trustee ..294 138 6 90
0 WClayes 145 600 25 00
Joseph White 154 250 12 60
JoBeph White 155 250 12 50
Joseph White 255 .75 3 75
Louisa Thompson 239 ,eo 3 00
Henrietta Grant 240 .60 3 00
Wm. H.Sharp 163 100 6 00
Wm. H. Sharp 241 U5 76
M. G. Rader 317 QW0 86 00
J. B.Weston 183 75 3 75
J. B.WeBton 308 25 1 26
,1. W. Wesson 257 175 8 75
ar.W. WesBon 311 125 6 26
And in accordance with la ty, and an order of the
Ii oard of Directors, made on tine 28th. day of November,
IS 74, so many shares of each *paroel of said Stock as
mi *y be necessary, will be sold at pnablic auction at the
sal esroom of Maurice Dore & •Do., STo. 326 Pine street,
Sat 1 Francisco, on the 25th day of January, 1875, at the
hot irof 12 o'clock, M. of said day, to pay said delinquent
asse ssment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of the sale.
T. B. WEffGARD, Secretary.
Ou Ice— Room 13, No. 318 California street, S. F.
Geo eva Consolidated Silver Mining Corn-
pan' v. Principal place of business. City and County of
San Francisco, Stale of California. Location of works,
Ciiei Ty Creek Mining District, White Pine County, Ne-
vftdi 1.
Nod ce is hereby given that at a. meeting of the Board of
Direct ors, held on the 2d day of Jxjiuary, 1875, an assess-
ment oi twenty oents per shore was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, .pvyable immediately. In
United . Sbntes gold coin, to the Secretary, at the ofiice
of the Company, Room 14, 302 3Ut?ntgomery Btreet, San
Franei sco.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 8th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent,
and ad vertised for sale at public auction, and unless pay-
ment 11 1 made before, will be sold on Monday the first day
of Mai cb, 137"). to pay the delinquent Assessment, together
with ci jsts of advertising and expenses of said.
I. T. MXLLIKIN, Secretary.
Oflic e— Room 14. No. 302 Montgomery street. S.F.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tton of works, Lower Rancherie, Amador County, Cal.
No tie -e is hereby Riven, that at a meeting of the itoard of
Trust'. 1 )s of said Company held on the 4th day of January.
IH75, am assessment of twenty-live cents per share was
levied nxpon the capital stock of said Company, payable
tmnietSuiU'ly, in United States gold coin, .to the Secretary,
at UfiLieidesdorff street
Ajayscock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
Said on the 6th day of February, J875. shall be deemed
eliuquient, and will be duly advertised for sale at public
iiuction,, and unless payment shall be made before, will
lie sold on Saturday, the 2lsC day of Febru&ry, i875, to
fiay the delinquent Assessment together with costs of
Miverfclsing and expends of sale. By order of the Board
Of Trustees:
W. AUGS. KNAPP. Se-cretary.
Office,— 136 Leldesdorff ' ■street, San Francisco,.
Germania Mining Company— The An-
nual Meeting of the stockholders of tho Germania Min-
ing Company, for the purpose of electing a Board of
Directors, and auch other business as shall properly
come before the meeting, will be held at the office of
the company, room 1C, 408 California street, San Fran-
cisco, California, on the 1st day of February, 1876, at
the hour of 1 o'clock p. m.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
"Golden Rule" Silver Mining Company —
Location of principal place of business, San >mn-
cisco, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stoek, on account of assessment levied
on the 8th day of December, 1874, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
J Wertheimer, Trustee 1 2a $1 25
J Wurtbciiner, Trustee 2 25 125
J w.rtb.lmer, Trustee 3 26 126
J Wertheiruer. Trustee 4 26 1 25
John P Sanders, Trustee 8 60 2 60
A Mover, Trustee 1(J 6 25
F A Borel. Trustee 17 25 126
John P 8anders, Trustee 22 100 5 00
John P Sanders. Tnwtee 23 100 5 QO
Jacob Sunstatt, Trustee 31 20 1 00
Jacob Sunstatt, Trustee 41 40 2 00
Wm Small, Trustee 42 100 6 ou
A Meyer, Trustee 58 100 5 C9
A Meyer, Trustee; 51) 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 60 100 rr 00
A Meyer, Trustee 61 100 fl 00
A Meyer, Trustee 62 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 03 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 64 100 6 00
A Meyer: Trustee 65 H U 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 0(1 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee b"7 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee unissued 11625 581 25
F Uri, Trustee unissued 3375 168 75
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 15th day of De-
cember, 1874, so many shares of each parcel of aaid
stock as may be necessary, will be sold at public auc-
tion In front of the office of said Company, 580 Clay
street, San Francisco, on the 15th day of February, 1875,
at the hour of 2 o'clock, p. M., of said day, to pay
delinquent assessments thereon, together with costs
of advertising and expenses of sale.
K. WERTHEIMER, Secretary.
Office, 530 Clay street, San Francisco, Oal.
Kearsarge Consolidated Quicksilver Min-
ing Company.
Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 28th day of December, 1874,
an assessment. No. 1, of 30 cents per share was levied
upon the capital stock of the corporation, payable im-
mediately, in United States gold and silver coin to the
Secretary, No. 408 California street, San Francisco. Cal .
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain
unpaid on the eighth of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for Bale at public auction, and
unleBB payment be made before, will be sold on Mon-
day, the 22d day of February, 1875, to pay the delin-
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
JAMES McHAFFEE, Secretary.
Office Rooms, 10 & 11— No. 408 California strees, San
Francisco, Oal.
Manhattan Marble Company of California.
Location of principal place of business, San Francisco
California. Location of works, Oakland, Alameda
County, State of Calilornia.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 6th day of January, 1875, an ahsessment,
(No. ii) of two dollars per share was levied upon the cap-
ital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary of the company,
at his office, Nob. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
Any stock upi/n which thie assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 20th day of February, 1S75, shall be deemed
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auction, ana
unless payment is made before, will be sold on Saturday,
the 13th dav of March, 1875, at 12 o'clock M., to pay the de-
linquent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Sec'y.
' Office— Nos 13 and 15 Fremont atreer, San Francisco,
California-
Martin & Walling Mill and Mining Com-
pany. Location of principal place of busness, San
Francisco, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the seventh day of December, 1874, theseveral amounts
Bet opposite the names of the respective shareholders
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Oarm.ll, Richard 50 100 $50 00
Cos, A P 42 60 26 00
Cox, A P 48 100 60 00
Flnck, George 53 100 50 00
Finck, George 64 75 37 50
Gately, M 44 . • 1875 937 60
Gately, M 45 60 25 00
Gately, M 61 100 50 00
Hudgin.JohnD 11 60 25 00
Hudgin, John D 12 100 50 00
Hudgin, John D 13 100 50 00
Hudgin.JohnD 14 100 50 00
Hudgin, John D 16 100 50 00
Hudgin, John D 16 100 50 00
Hudgin.JohnD 17 100 50 00
Hudgin.JohnD 18 100 60 00
Hudgin, John D 19 100 60 00
Hudgin.JohnD 20 100 50 00
Hudgin, John D 21 100 50 00
Rapp, Charles 61 25 12 60
Turnock , Joseph «5 25 12 60
Tripp, J W 46 100 50 00
Tripp, JW... 66 80 15 00
Whalen, John 55 9U0 450 00
Wbalen, John 69 60 25 00
Whalen, John 60 100 50 00
■Williams, Robert F 9 1000 SCO 00
Wililams, Robert F 22 loo 50 00
Williams, Robert F 26 100 50 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 7th day of December,
1874, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may he necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company, 408 California street, room 16,
San Francisco, Cal., ou the 23d day of January, 1875, at
the hour of 12 o'clock, m, of said day, to pay said de-
linquent asseBsment thereon, together with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary
Office, 408 California street, room 16, San Francisco,
California.
Orleans* Mining Company— Location of
principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal. Locu-
tion of works, Grass Va' ley Township, Nevada County,
Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Trus-
tees held on the 4th day of January, 1875, an assessment
(No, 2) of one dollar ($1) per share was lovied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room IK, 315 California sireet, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Any Btock unon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 9th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unlets- pay-
ment is made before, will oe sold on Tvesday, the 2d
day of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to
nether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. F. NESMITH, Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 California street, S. F.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 23, 1875.
|yiipipg IWachipery.
TEATS' PATENT FUj^JVACE
For Roasting-, Desulphurizing, Chloridizing:
and Oxidizing- Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less<Jost, than any other invention now in
use. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling masted ores, heating -the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores' for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining ani> Scientific Peess, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars address
TEATS & BREED,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, &c., will be furnished, if required.
18v20-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOJEl QUA-H'JrZ MITELS,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
. MILLS,
which are |
unequalled
for
Strength,
Durability,
Economy
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BTJTXDEES AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic RocK Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and general Mining Machinery in rail its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promply filled.
MOBET & SPERKY,
88 Liberty street, N. TT.
Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
EAGLE IMPROVED CHLORINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1873.)
The Cheapest and Most effective Furnace now in use
Parties desirous of building above furnace, or for any
information on same, address,
I. T. MXLLIKEN,
a31 No. 302 Montgomery St., room No. 14, S. F.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Has an iron
frame, live steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike 2,0; 0 blows per minute, 111 a mortar provided
with screens on both sides, and crushes fine 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE, $600. : —.««1— «
O. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf SIS California street, San Francisco,
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AQENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Rock Drill ComDany.
— MaNUFACTUHEBS OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIE COMPRESSOKS AND OTHEB MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers* Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for IBlasting-, Putnam Ma-
tchine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
•21v28-3m-hd
«fc LACY,
310 California St., S. F.
So, 4 Car Wheel Borer.
We have the best and moBt
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
used in
MACHINE, LOCOMOTIVE,
R. R. Repair Shops.
I Hg^** For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc,
r NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
9S Chambers Street, Now York.
15v29-eOW-ly
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting Steam Pump
W. T, GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont & Natoma
streets, S. F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the' Pacific
CoaBt.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE,
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best' Pump in Use.
■ SEND TOR CIRCULAR
N. R. — Also manofactnrer of Hooter's Deep "Well and Double-Acting Force Pump.
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
THE BIRMINGHAM SHOVEL.
These Shovels have No Rivets nor Straps.
The blade is made of one piece of BEST SOLID CAST STEEL,
the blade and shank being one piece.
THEY WILL WEAR TWICE AS LONG
As the ordinary shove 3iey are the STRONGEST, BEST and
CHEAPEST SHOVEL EVER MADE! Examine the engravings care-
fully and you can see how theypare made.
THEY NEED ONLY TO BE TRIED
To prove their value. B^Prices sa'me 'as ordinary shovels. Ask
for the BIRMINGHAM SHOVEL. Take no other.
TKEADWELL & CO:, Sole Agents for Pacific States,
2v8-eow-bp San Francisco, Cal.
Stamp Mill For Sale at Ophir Canon,
Nye County, Nevada. Midway between Austin and
Belmont, belonging to the Twin River Consolidated
Mining Co. A complete mill, comprising twenty(20)
800ft stamps, (dry-crushing!) with Rock Breaker, Pans,
Settlers, and entire outfit of milling appliances;
together with an excellent engine (18x42), two tubular
boilers and all requisite shafting, gearing, belting, tec.;
vaaluable lot of Sierra Nevada timber in Battery
frames and building. The whole is offered cheap. For
further information apply to JAS. D. HAGUE,
17v28-3m 240 Montgomery St., S. E
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. BENDY, No. 32 Fremont St»et.
i San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
! We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved hind, and are again prepared
to til 1 orders for Rope of any special leu ■. tba and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizes:
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & CO.,
de20 611 and 6)3 Front street, San Francisco.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
I Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel. Anvils.
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. MoCRINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F.
1 mS-m2
(Hetalllirgy apd Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 'and 514 Washington street, SAN FRANOIBOO
We would call the special attention of Aesayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Projectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chamical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies Bines
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Otast.
<y Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, 'will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR b OO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Pollows;
The pan being filled, the motion of the mailer forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery Into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to the center, where it
passeB down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in oon-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setters
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
^_^ San Francis©*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process).
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Flans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. EAEK,
C. A. LtTCKHARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODQ-ERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
ADVANCES M4 »E
•mall kinds of Ores, and particular attention,
PAID TO
OONSIfiNHBNTS OF OOOM.
4vlG-3m
LEOPOLD KTJH,
(Formerly of the U. 8. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
Assayer and Metallurgical
CHEMIST,
No. All Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U. S. Branch Mint .
San Fbamoisoo Qax. 7v2t>3tar
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and Assayers, Rooms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Analysis of
Ores, Mineral Waters, Etc. 8v28-3m
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entire
by machinery. Material the best in use;constructio
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cob
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Oor, Mission & Fremont Streetl,
3v28-3m-sa
January 23, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
IMPROVED HOISTINGS ENGINES.
63
HOISTING ENGINES.
000E, HYME* k CO.'S Celebrated Hoisting Engines have boon too long
in iih<- i>n thu Pad lie Coast to require any special recomiuendution from us.
We refer vtith confidence to any one of l lie hundreds now in u*e. We simply
Btata that tiny still sustain their old n-putatioD, the manufacturer)- not
having followed the now too common practice of reducing the quality of
ninU-rtal and workmanship for the sake of competing with cheaper engines.
For details of Bizua send for price list. We desire to call particular attention
to our new
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the same parties.)
Which have just been introduced on thin Coast. The plana and specifications
are tbo combined efforts of urn most buccehsfdi. mining EKOlheeiis, and the
result is the most complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING ENGINE
Ever built. Their Advantages will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
ill'' nfloessitlefl of ■ mine. One of these engines may be seen at work in the
Belcher mine, ami one in the Ophir, on the Comstock lode, to both of which
we refer. •y'We have all Bizes of these engines constantly on hand. For
sale only at
TH.EADWELL & CO.'S,
i«-s .-3
£*i m x £ -
atSS9p
M.
rzr
23vl9-eow-tf
San Francisco, Oal.
Iron and l^ctiipe toorb.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
133 and 126 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
jr. 1. ctjrry,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron WorkB,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of
Descriptions.
SOLE MANT7FACTDREBS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. X7v25-3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAN FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
»nd Stations, y ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure). All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris,
Jesse Holladay,
Wm. H. Taylor,
James D. Walker.
0. E. McLane,
J. B. Haggin,
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
(PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Fbancibco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We ta&e pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce the coat of t-teel and at the
flame time produce Shoes and Dibs superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at leaBt 10 per
cent-cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
Bold at ih is office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoeb
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a compOBltion. They will not out-wear two
Bets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are nut capable of being tempered,
fiying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in u-e in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound Their advantages over Iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increa e 5 value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and clappings, and a saving of
75 per cent. In freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San FranciBCO. Terms liberal.
with dimensltms, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Buildings. F-
Address all orders
lv29-3m
WM. H.TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS B. MEAD Secretary
24vl7-qy
PACIFIO
Rolling Mill Company,
8AN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AKB —
Every "Variety of Shafting:,
Embracing' ALL SIZES f
St -am boat Shafts. C run tin, Piston and Con.
& nectlng Koda.Carand Locomotive Axlei
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IK-OIV
Of every description and size
»»- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY. P. O. box 2032, San Franoiaco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
8»* The hiRheat price paid for Scrap Iron.
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
KAlTOrlOTDHBBB OF
8TBAM ENGINE8,
Q uartzt Flour and ©aw Mills,
H iveV Improved Steam Pomp, Hrodle's Im-
proved Crasher, Mining Pumps.
Amalgamator!, and all hind*
of Machinery.
K. K. corner of Tehama and Fremont otreots, above How.
street, San Francisco. S-Q7
SHEET IROJX PIPE.
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTTJM
PIPE, of any siee and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with Bpecial
patterns for Mining Oars . These small wheels are made
of the best Oar Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box— introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
t&~ All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
18, 15 and 17 Drnmm Street, San FranciRCO. 4v241y
GOLDEN STATE IRON WORKS.
(CO-OPERATIVE,)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufaotube
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
atTICKSlXVER FURNACES, conden-
sers, &c.
Having much experience in the busineBS of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standing^, parties about to erect Reduction WorbB as to
the better plapB, with regard to economy and utility.
JteapijHip^
PARSE &• LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
1Y«. 12(i First street, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All EIID8 of B rase, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds. Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Rodder Braces, Hinees.Ship and Steamboat Bellsanu
Qongsofsuperiortone. All klndsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draullc Pipes and Nozzles, and Hobc Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, tarnished with dispatch
■9- PRICES MODERATE, -fit
J. H. W"REn. V. KTNrcwRiX.
G. W. Pbescott. I W. R. Eckabt.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE,
PBESCOTT
OAL.
& ECEART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisiing Machinery, Saw and Crist Mill Irons, House
Fronts. Oar "Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription mudi' to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for Male. 9v*36-ly
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento,
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
■JUrnJAOTOBBBB or
STEAM ENGINES, BOIIVETtS,
Dunbar1 s Patent Self- Adjusting- Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kinds of Mining- Machinery.
front Street, between X and O streets.
Sacramento Oitt.
OCCIDENTAL FOUNDRY,
137 and 139 First street SAN FRANCI8C O
STEIGER St BOLAHD,
IRON FOUNDERS,
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Bole manufacturers of the Hepburn Rolling Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings. .
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making bupe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet. Howard and Folsom, San Francisco
Tffachinerv and dimtlna-B of all kind..
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FEANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating's Sack Printinfr Presses,
The Economy Htdbauxio Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
THEODORE EALLENEEKO.
MACHINIST,
and Mater of Models for Inventors. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small dears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and in the
best manner. No. 32 Fremont street. S. F. 19v23-3ro
THE SBL.DJB1V
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CAB.R. Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
UOILER MAKERS
AND GENERAL* MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, Ban FranoiBoo
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO, OAL.
JOHN L. .lEAlS, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills, Stationary
and Portable Steam Engines, Pumps, etc. Boilers
bnilt and repaired, and all kinds of Iron and Brass
Castings furnished at Bhort notice.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOUNDRY,
12U and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard,
SanFrxnclsco.
USHT AN» HIATT CASTINGS,
of every description, manafaotured. 2tvl6or
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it is adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
—ALSO —
STEAM, GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC:
CABS PATENT STEAM KADIATOB.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
A.. CaVRBi
I lOvaBJy «8 Courtland Street , New lork
64
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 23, 1875.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-MORE THAN 7000 IN USE-
MINING PUMPS,
Hand Power
TANK PUMPS,
MARINE PUMPS,
FIRE PUMPS,
Plunger PUMPS,
SUGAR PUMPS,
OIL PUMPS,
Brewry PUMPS,
Tannery PUMPS,
Irrigating PUMPS, ^
FARM PUMPS
ACID FUMPS.js
Wrecking PUMPS,
FEED PUMPS.
The BLAKE PUMP may be seen in many of the principal mines of California and Nevada. More than 7,000 have been sold, and we refer to any one found in use.
and handsomely Illustrated Catalogue giving prices and details of over 100 different sizes. A large stock of all sizes on hand at the Machinery Depot ot
Send for oar Urge
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874.
Tito highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
Cazitfs Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator—One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, arid recent
applications.] -
Containing a sizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de-
livering two or fou: sizes of ore to two or four rows of
sieves, each row independent of the other, and each
having 5 sieves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
It, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-clusb ores into
lst-class ores of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter; — galena and silver Bulphurets from
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most caseB for the requirements of western mines, with
a capacity of 15 or 20 tons per 24= hours.
For particulars apply to,
P. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co,
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, or corner of
Blake and 32d itreets. ag8-16p
^TOft'TO^
19v27-eow-16p
CEi^rTEi<risriA.L zp^czEcusra-.
SELF-LUBBICATING.
FOR
Locomotive
Marine and
Stationary
EN GINES.
FOB
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF ALL KINDS.
The CENTENNI&L is composed of the finest Hemp, made in strands or sections, of different* sizes, each be-
ing saturated in a compo-ition of pure German Black Lead and Tallow and covered with a braiding of the best
Italian Hemp to be found in the market. It is manufactured in a shape the most convenient to use and
handle, and gives from 50 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs
with less friction on the rod than any other Packing made, from the fact of its being so perfectly soft and
pliable, and so well lubricated so to require a minium pressure on the rod. It cuts off smooth and makes per-
fect joints, is easily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires occasionally a new ring to keep the stuffing bos
full. ENGINEERS, TRY IT. For sale in any quantity by TSEADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
THE PACIFIC
SEDUCTION W0EKS.
GUIDO KUSTEL, - - - Superintendent.
"WILL PURCHASE GOLD AND SILVER BEAKING OSES, CTJPERIPEEOUS SILVER
ORES, GOLD SULPHURETS, ETC., AT THE HIGHEST RATES, OR "WORK
THE SAME. FOE. ACCOUNT OP OWNERS.
Office, SIO Front Street, San Francisco.
4v29-fim-16p
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT "WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFGh CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, III.
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May SO, ISO a.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT IPOWiDlEIC, NO. S,
For medium and Beamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, "Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saveB from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
By The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-8m!6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing:
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market,
MANOT-AdTTmEit OP
SPAULDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most dti able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wond.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect]
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest M arket Prices.
&
W. T. GABBATT-
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
A
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANUFAOTTTBEBa OF
Brass, Zino and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVERN AND J, AND IS K J. 1,9, GONU8,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPB.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Coots, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Glooes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
•^"Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
MAGAZINES.
P. An.
3 00
5 00
6 00
IS 00
W. E. L00MIS.
News Dealer
AND STATIONER,
S. E. corner of Bansome and
Washington streets,
SUPPLIES ALL
Eastern Perodicals
BY THE
Tear, Month, or Naoab
BV DliWEY 4c CO.
Patent H«»llcltorM.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. JANUARY 30, 1875,
VOII.TJME X_X3£
Number S.
Reduction of Silver Ores.
First Lecture of the Scientific Course by Prof.
Becker.
Oar annual mining review crowded out last
week the lecture by Dr. Becker, whi<:h was de-
livered at the Mechanics' Institute, last Satur-
day week. We give, however, below a sum-
mary of his remarks. This was the first lec-
lecture of the season of the scientific course, to
be given under the auspices of the Begents of
the State University and the directors of the
Mechanics' Institute.
The Professor, after a few preliminary re-
marks on the condition of metals as they occur
in nature, said that gold never occurs unac-
companied by silver, and the same is true of
lead, and the deposits of these two metals gen-
erally contain silver in sufficient quantities to
pay for its extraction. Copper, too, is very
often accompanied by silver, and minerals con-
taining silver as an essential element are some-
times found in large quantities. Native metal-
lic silver accompanies native gold, and is also,
though much more rarely found alone. The
most important ore of silver is galena, or,
properly speaking, a lead ore — the sulphide of
lead. All the silver obtained in Great Britain,
most of that derived from continental ores.
and an immense proportion of the bullion ob
rattled in America is reduced frum galena,
although, when the value of silver iu this ore
IB great, it is generally called a: silver ore, instead
of an argentiferous lead ore, jast as the product
of its reduction is called on this coast, bnt no
whereelse, base bullion, insteadof argentiferous
lead. There is a whole series of antimony
compounds of silver, which are generally very
rich, but always very troublesome. It is anti-
mony which renders such ores refractory.
Treating Pure Ores.
The more common ores are generally treated
for extraction by melting down in such a way
that a fluid metal and fluid slag are formed,
which separate in virtue of their different
specific gravities, and may be tapped from the
furnace at different ltvels, the m*tal being cast
into marketable bars and the slag thrown away.
A lead ore containing but fifty per cent, of
metal would be but a second-class material. A
silver ore containing the same percentage would
be worth over $18,000 per ton, but such valu-
able ores are not found by the ton. Silver ore
of such richness that the metal bears a sufficient
proportion to the whole weight to allow of a
proper separation by the ordinary methods
never occurs. We are therefore compelled to
make up the neoessary weight and volume by
alloy. Three metals perform this office under
different circumstances ; these are lead, quick-
silver and copper. Lead is the most -widely
used and copper is the most rarely employed.
Lead Ore.
Lead ores are treated either in a cupola fur-
nace or in a reverberating furnace. In smelt-
ing lead ores the fire is kept low and much air is
admitted until a portion of the galena is roasted.
The sulphur of the galena combines with the
oxygen and forms sulphurous acid gas, which
passes up the chimney. The oxygen attacks
the lead and it becomes oxide of lead, a com-
pound which, when tolerably pure, is known as
maasioat, much used in glass-making, etc. The
fire is then made up and the air excluded as
much as possible. The Bulphur in the snlphide
of lead attacks the oxygen in the oxide of lead
formed by roasting, and they form more sul-
{murous acid, which also goes up the flue,
eaving the metallic lead. This can then be
tapped from the furnace and oast into bars.
"When the ore is argentiferous, the silver sul-
phide is decomposed in the same way and at the
same time, and the silver is found in the lead
bars.
Impure and Poor Ores
Are treated in the cupola furnace. The ore is
generally roasted before smelting. The gases
loruied by combustion are forced out of the
to p furnace by air driven by machinery near
the bottom of the furnace and the metal accu.
mulates below the air-nozzle. Meantime, of
course, the column of material constantly
sinks, and fresh ore, flux and fuel are from
time to time charged to keep the furnace full.
The silver again follows the lead.
The Treatment of "Base Bullion"
Varies with circumstances. If it is rich, means
are taken to extract the silver immediately. If
it is poor, it is better to submit it to the pro-
cesses which will effect a concentration of the
silver in a comparatively amall mass of lead,
and thus extract the silver from this concen-
trated material.
The processes of concentration in use are
the crystallization and the zinc processes:
Fattison's crystallization process depends on
the remarkable properties of alloys of lead and
silver in regard to fusibility. Alloys frequently
melt at a lower temperature than either of the
metnls of which they are composed. This is
the case with some of the alloys of lead and
silver. The process of desilverization by zinc
depends on the tendency of zincs to form alloys
Road and Farm Locomotives.
One of our Eastern correspondents, W. 0.
Quimby, sends us Bome notes from the Eolipse
Machine Works, located at Hamilton, Ohio,
and conducted by the Owens, Lake & Dyer
machine company. The works are among the
largest of the kind in the country, and some of
their productions are specially adapted to the
Pacific Coast. Prominent among the articles
made there are their traction engines, or road
and field locomotives, an engraving of one of
which appears on this page. They are claimed
by the manufacturers to be superior to any of
the English engines of this olass, it being
especially adapted to the wants of Americans;
such as hauling heavy loads over uneven
ground, running threshing machines, saw-
mills, and other machinery. It has not been
tested in plowing, reaping, etc., but if such a
thing can be successfully accomplished by any
TRACTION ENGINE, OB ROAD AND FIELD LOCOMOTIVE.
with silver and its lack of tendency to form
them with lead.
Cupellatton.
The silver is obtained from the rich lead by
cupellation.a process based upon the greater ten-
dency of lead than silver to oxidize. The product
of cupellation is refined bullion, consisting of
silver and whatever gold there may have been in
the ores treated.
Chemical Method.
Besides the methods of extraction referred
to, there is a considerable number of processes
for the extraction of silver from its ores by
fluid solvents, the silver being subsequently
precipitated from solution, by chemical meth-
ods. These processes have many advantages
over smelting, requiring little fuel in compari-
son, enabling the treatment of very poor ores
and making quick returns. Their use is yet
quite limited, because they require, as thus far
developed, material nearly free from several
very common impurities.
traction engine, our correspondent thinks this
one will do it. He says he saw one of these
engines that had been doing duty for over a
year, hauling from 4,000 to 5,000 feet of green
oak lumber from the interior of the country to
the works of the company. Ten tons of pig
iron is the usual load from the depot to the
foundry. Those interested can get details of
work, price, etc., by corresponding with the
company above refered to.
The average daily shipment of ore during
the last week from the Crown Point mine has
been 500 tons; Ophir, 260 tons; Hale & Nor-
cross, 100 tons; making a total daily yield of
1,725 tons of first-class ore, from five leading
Comstock mines. The Sierra Nevada, Chollar-
Potosi, Woodville and several other mines are
also taking out considerable quantities of ore.
The ditch belonging to the Mokelumne hill
canal and mining company broke Monday last,
somewhere between Mosquito gulch and the
point where the water is taken out of the river.
It had not been repaired at last accounts.
The Alalama mine, Tuolumne county, lately
passed into the hands of a San Francisco com-
pany, who are now developing it.
Headers, who are able, should write more
for the Mining and Scientific Pbess. Among
the miners, engineers and millmen who read
this paper, there are a host who have both the
educatijn and practice to fit them for furnish-
ing articles that, through our paper would ma-
terially benefit present workers and future gen-
erations of toilers yet to be. Noble and intel-
ligent men are not more frequently met with
in other callings, aud yet how few are they who
improve their talents by way of writing for the
Pbess. We do not believe it is for the want of
a generous disposition toward others, but
rather a lack of self-esteem and energy. Now,
we will say writs for our columns. You will
perform a noble duty to inform others that they
may work uprightly in places that you, as pio-
neers, have had to feel your way through. It
will improve yourselves to write. We ask all
to send us correct information, and we will
put it in shape if it needs dressing up.
Montana Mining Decision. — The Secretary
of the Interior has affirmed the decision of the
Land Office in the case of the application of
the patent for the General Lode, situated in
Montana. The decision says that all lode
claims must be governed by the laws in force on
the date of the location, and cannot exceed 100
feet of surface width, unless the local laws at
that time will permit.
Mining Matters in Congress.
Congress has as yet done nothing of import-
ance with reference to the bills which are of
general interest to the mining community.
Several bills are, however, pending, which are
important. The "Negley amendment," which
was laid over from last session has not yet been
considered. This amendment to the Act o
May 10th, 1872, provides that all companies
or persons owning claims on the Comstock
lode shall make applications for patents within
six months from the date of the passage of the
amendment, and will receipt for the patent six
months after application. It also compels
owners of those mines to which patents have
already been issued to recieve such patents.
In some cases the patents to mines on the Com-
stock, though made out, have never been taken
from the Receiver's office, because the patent
specified that a certain royalty must be paid to
the Sutro Tunnel Company, when the tunnel
is completed. The mining companies will fight
this matter, and do not want the patents with
this provision therein. Consequently they
have never taken them from the Keceiver's
office.
Pratt's Bill, which provides that all quartz
lodes which have produced $5,000 or upward,
shall file applications for patents within one
year, was also laid over for last session. East-
ern dispatches state that this bill will shortly
come before the Public Land Committee for
action.
The Ward Bill, which provides that all min-
ers must patent their claims, upon which $500
has been expended, will also come before the
Committee shortly.
• Senator Sargent has introduced a bill which
is of great interest to foreign corporations and
owners of mines, as follows:
That in cases where foreigners or foreign
corporations have purchased mining claims for
a valuable consideration, of citizens of the
United States who had complied in the location
and possession thereof, prior to same, with the
laws of the United States governing the same,
and such purchase was made prior to the date
of the approval of the Act " to promote the de-
velopment of the mining resources of the
United States," approved May 10, 1872; and
when such purchasers shall have complied with
the said law in the working of the same, and
shall apply for patents thereof, as in other
cases, and pay to the United States the price
thereof as provided by law, patents shall issue
to such parties in the same manner and to the
same effect as in other cases.
Sec. 2. That in eases where application shall
be made for patent to mining claims by citizens
of the United States, being bona fide owners
thereof and in possession of the same, patent
shall not be refused therefor on the ground that
one or more of the locators thereof may have
been foreigners at the date of location; provid-
ed, that said location shall have been made
prior to the 10th day of May, 1872.
This bill has been reported on favorably by
the Committee on Mines and Mining, with a
few unimportant amendments.
The famous McG-arrahan has turned up again
in Congress on the New Idria quicksilver mine
business, and for once he has made a point.
The House Judiciary Committee has agreed to
report and recommend the House to pass a res-
olution directing the Commissioner of the Gen-
eral Land Office to institute legal proceedings
in the name of the Government of the United
States against the New Idria mining company,
for the recovery of the quicksilver mine now
held by it, and of some $7,000,000 alleged to
have been illegally taken from said mines; also
allowing all persons to appear in these proceed-
ings and have an opportunity to establish title.
This is intended for McGarrahan's benefit. The
resolution also provides for proceedings for the
appointment of a receiver, and directs the In-
terior Department to withhold the issuance of
patents to the New Idria company, and stop
proceeding in the Cerro Bonito, Johnson,
Fourth of July and Boston quicksilver mining
claims until the suit to be instituted by the
Commissioner of the General Land Office shall
have been finally determined.
66
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 30, 1875*
CORRESPONDENCE.
Cherry Creek Mines.
Editors Pbess:— I have been wondering of
late why it is, that so little mention is made of
the mines in this section, but I suppose it is
all owing to the deep interest taken in the
wonderful developments, made, and being
made in the all-absorbing Comstock.
The mines of this, the Cherry Creek Dis-
trict were discovered two years ago last June,
and are just beginning to show their colors, and
presuming it may not come amiss to your
numerous readers, I will give you a few notes
in regard to their progress in the way of de-
velopment and increase in the yield of bullion.
"While the unbounded wealth of the famous
Comstock lode is attracting the attention and
exciting the envy of the whole mining world,
not only in America, but throughout all
Europe, we, of Eastern Nevada, should not
be entirely ignored, although we cannot as yet,
boast of any "big bonanza;" but as our mines
are situated only about 400 miles east of Vir-
ginia City, and pitching to the west we hope
soon to strike it; and, in fact, are liable to open
into it at any minute.
The work of prospecting and developing the
mines of this district, has progressed slowly,
but very persistently, for the past two years,
with varied results. At times the prospects
were very bright, at other times the outlook for
the future wore a very gloomy one, but the
great strength of the ledges, together with the
favorable indications to be seen at nearly all
points along the surface encouraged the
owners of some of the principal mines to
push their explorations further and deeper,
which they have done with very gratifyiug
results.
The great mineral belt of Cherry Creek
traverses the mountain range diagonally, from
S.W. to N.E. for a distance of from six to
eight miles.
There are two large and heavy ledges, one
on the west, and one on the eas- side of this
mineral belt, and which are traceable nearly
the whole distance, and in which lay most of
the principal mines of the district, and are
known as the upper and lower mineral belts.
These ledges are cut in places by deep canons
and gulches, but are traced by their croppiugs
as they appear on the high ridges that make
down from the main mountains to the east,
showing the main mineral belt to be very re-
gular, as indicated by the formation and
stratification of the oountry rocks which are
quartzite, porphyry and elate. The country
rock on the west of the mineral belt is mostly
lime, that on the east, quartzite and porphyry.
The course of these main ledges is north 15
degs. to 20 degs. east, but there are some ex-
ceptions to this rule, however, as there are a
number of ledges running nearly north 70deg.
west, and it is yet a question which will prove
the most lucrative the east and west, or the
northerly and southerly ledges. Each have
their advocates and both have strong argu-
ments in their favor. Time will tell.
The principal companies now operating here
are Geneva Cons. M. Co., owning the Teacup
and Geneva ledges, the former on the upper,
and the latter on the lower belt; the Cherry
Cretk M. & M. Co., owning the Exchequer
ledge on the lower belt; the Star M. Co.,
owning tbe Star and Grey Eagle mines, which
are easterly and westerly ledges, but are
claimed to be on the lower belt. The Geneva
Co. have a shaft on the Teacup ledge 250 feet
deep, showing a very strong vein, carrying a
large amount of very high grade ore, and hav-
ing every promise of a large and rich mine.
The compaoy have as yet worked only their
first-class ore from this mine, which has
pulped from $150 to $1200 per ton. The ore
has mostly been worked in Thompson's two-
stamp mill, with a large size Hepburn pan
(capable of working from W/% to 4 tons per
day) with very satisfactory results.
On the Geneva mine they have a shaft down
about 60 feet and are sinking as rapidly as
possible. This ledge, showed on the surface ore
of the largest and finest bodies of ore ever
found in the district, and is sure to develop
into a large and rich mine. The Teacup car-
rying more high grade ore than the Geneva, is
why they have worked it more extensively.
That this company have a very valuable prop-
erty is now beyond question, their mines "have
thus far paid all the expenses of development,
something quite unknown in the history of sil-
ver mining in thi3 State.
The only other mine on the upper belt whioh
has been explored to any extent is the Chance,
belonging to Geo. Treat, and others of San
Francisco. On this ledge they have a large
shaft down 100 feet, from which a large amount
of high grade ore had been taken ; they have a
fine prospect and if all indications do not fail
they will have a good mine. There are several
other claims on the upper Jaelt whioh promise
well, and will probably prove as good, if not
better than either of the above, among which
are the Pine Nut, Union, Baltic, and several
others,
The Exchequer, on the lower belt, is now
one of the most promising mines in tbe dis-
trict. On the surface they have a body of
rich ore, but from some cause or other it de-
preciated in quality and quantity after sinking
from 25 to 30 feet, and for a while work was
suspended entirely. Recently they have cut
their ledge by a tunnel, driven in from the base
of the hill, at a depth of 168 feet below the old
workings, and have opened into a large and
rich body of ore, which appears to be quite ex-
tensive. It is known to be 12 feet wide and 60
feet in length, with no apparent- depreciation
in quality or quantity in either direction. The
company can very readily take out enough ore
to repay them for all their outlay, and have a
magnificent property left. The walls of the
Exchequer are a gray porphyry, ari wherever
the walls have been found on this, the Ve«a
Madxe of the district, from the Geneva on the
south to the Victoria on the north, it shows the
same general characteristics.
The Star ledge, situated on the same rWge as
the latter, and perhaps one-fourth of a mile
distant, is now looked upon as the Star mine of
the district, and as far as the shipment of bul-
lion goes, it is certainly entitled to that name,
it having shipped more than any other mine in
the district, the shipments from this mine
alone for the month of December amounting
to about $60,000. They are now1 taking out
from 10 to 15 tons of ore per day, that pulps
from $100 to $200 per ton. They have a shaft
down about 150 feet, with drifts running each
way from the shaft following the vein, which
ranges from four to six feet in width.
Adjoining them on the west is the Gray
Eagle, with a shaft 100 feet deep, showing a
beautiful vein from three to five feet thick, and
having all the characteristics of tbe Star. I
believe it is the intention of the Star company
to erect a large mill at an early day, for the re-
duction of their own ores. They have one of
the finest properties in Eastern Nevada, and
one tbat will make itself known in stock circles
at no distant day.
At Egan Canon,
Four miles south of Cherry creek, the San Jose
company are working their mine, the Gilligan,
with a full force of men, and with very cheer-
ing results. They keep their 20 stamp mill
constantly running on their own ores, which
are yieldiug well. This mine was discovered
and worked qaite extensively as early as 1864;
and has been prospected to a greater depth, and
more extensively along the ledge than any
other mine in this part of the State, and shows
throughout a very strong and persistent vein of
good o e, and will under the able management
of General Rosecrans richly repay the owners,
who hrve with so much confidence invested
tneir money in it. There are a number of other
mines in the district which are being pros-
pected in a small way, all of which are very en-
couraging, while some of the best prospects are
laying idle. One of the best features of tbe
mines of this district is that they are large and
traceable tor a long distance, and evidently
from the exploi-tions already made, carry some
heavy chimneys of high grade ore. The ores
throughout the district are very free, and
readily yield their precious metals by the
application of the ordinary milling process. I
don't know of any ore in the State that can be
milled to as high a percentage of the assay
vilue as these can. The ores of the two belts
differ materially. Those of the lower invaria-
bly carry frjm $6 to $15 per ton in gold, while
the upper belt has none; they also contain less
copper ani more iron. All the mills in this
vicinity are now running, and have been for a
number of months — 27 stamps in all — and the
bullion shipments amount to from $2,000 to
$8,000 every stage. Everyone anticipates a
brilliant future for Cherry creek, and judging
from the present outlook I think they will not
be disappointed. G.
Cherry Creek, January 16, 1874.
Fast Biding to Secure a Re-location.— Now
and then, says the Sonora Democrat, we hear
of some one re-locating a quartz vein that be
came vacant the first of the month, for want of
complying with the TJ. S. Mining Law. On
Monday an old miner had a lawyer draw up
notices for the re-location of a well known
mine, and went to the vein to post them, when
he had tacked up one notice he saw an ac-
quaintance co uiug on horseback, who, upon
reaohing the spot, said "you're too late, I've
got up the first notice," to which the other
replied^ "I don't know about that, I'll have
the second up first," while the new comer run
his horse for the tunnel at the same time, haul-
ing out a paper which was supposed to be a
notice. Tbe first man ticked his second no-
tice, and was just fifteen minutes by his watch
coming five miles to have his claim placed on
record. That was mighty fast time, but he
was determined to be ahead somewhere in
locating the claim, as he thought he was first
in the idea, and that the other h id accidently
got information of what he intended. Now it
remains to see which will hold the claim.
Purchase. — Col. D. Buel has purchased tv 3
McOrackin mine, Cerbat, Arizona, from Mr.
McCrackin, Chloride Jack and other.;, for the
sum of $240,000, and it is considered a very
cheap bargain. Those who have examined
this claim consider it a second Comstock. I
saw some of the rock which assayed $2,700 per
ton. Men are at work taking down the mill on
Colorado river, for the purpose of removing to
this mine, and when once in operation, under
the management of B. Stein, will, undoubtedly,
give magnificent returns in gold, as the vein is
enormous in size and very rich.
Sonoma County Mines.
The Sonoma Democrat gives' the following
concerning the mining interests of that county :
As early as 1852 there were reported discov*
eries of gold on Russian river, in this county.
About that time one of the Kelseys, pioneers
in this secton, led a party to the head of the
stream, in the Eel river mountains. They met
with no great success and returned. The re-
ports of gold discoveries were again revived in
1854, but soon died out.
After the discovery and occupation of the
Geyser Springs, the abundant indications of
cinnabar in the vicinity attracted attention.
The price of quicksilver at that time was low—
I 50 cents per pound; tbe cost of reduction was
great, and the Almaden mine was producing a
supply adequate to the demand. For these
reasons no especial attention was paid to the
indications of mercury everywhere visible on
the surface near the Geysers.
In 1859, Col. A. C. Godwin, then tbe owner
of tbe Springs, organized a mining district, lo-
cated a number of claims himself, and a num-
ber of others were also taken up. These
claims were afterward consolidated into one
or two companies, and some work was done
upon them. The low price of quicksilver, the
scarcity of labor and the lack of skill in man-
ipulating the ore, led to loss, and finally put a
stop to all work on the mines. In 1861, Col.
Godwin, who bad given tbe enterprise most of
it* life, sold his interests in the Springs and
mines, returned to the East and was killed in
the war between the States. Tbe stock of the
consolidated companies went to zero, and the
mines were sold at Sheriff's sale to satisfy the
demands of the creditors. Prof. Whitney,
with a corps of scientists, came along soon af-
terward, and with his "no view theory" in the
Coast Range, extinguished the last spark of
life in mining enterprises in Sonoma for the
time.
Meanwhile the developments in the silver
regions of Nevada, in the quartz and gravel
mines of California, caused an increased de-
mand for quicksilver. The diminished supply
afforded by the Almaden company, which had
passed its maximum production, gave a further
stimulus to tbe price, and attention was again
called to the indications in this auction, which
had not been worked successfully at the old
prices.
The mountain range in which most of the
mines of Sonoma Co. are located is known as the
Mount Diablo range. Just west of the peak
from which the range takes its name, lie the
straits of Carquinez, through which the waters
of the Sacramento and San Joaquin force their
way and enter the Bay of San Pablo. West of
the straits the mountains trend to the north-
west, gradually increasing in altitude. They
form the water-shed between the Sacramento
and the valleys west of it to the Pacific ocean.
Napa valley lies between the main range and a
spur from it terminating on San Pablo bay.
The great valleys of Sonoma county are formed
by another spur from the same range, termin-
ating on San Bablo bay at a point further west
This last spur forks and forms two valleys. So.
noma and Petaluma, both with a delta and
frontage on the bay of San Pablo. All the^-e
spurs unice with the main range, which then
passes through the northeastern corner of this
county. At or near this point of intersection a
rich body of quicksilver is now being devel-
oped, a deposit which bids fair to equal if not
surpass the greatest in either the old or new
world.
A number of mines had been opened and
successfully worked in the main range, south-
east of where it enters Sonoma county. Pros-
pectors traced the croppings of the ledges along
the range into this county. Granville and
Green Thompson located a claim in 1872.
They discovered large deposits of float ore, and
took up a claim called the Sonoma. This claim
was sold to a San Francisco firm who imme<
diaiely built a furnace, and, by November of
the same year, rare reducing metal. The
mine has been worked steadily, yielding a reg-
ulur monthly supply of quicksilver. An ex-
citement followed; a great number of claims
were located, and rich discoveries were made.
A mining town sprang up, and Sonoma county,
which had long ranked as one of the finest
agricultural counties in the State, was discov-
ered to have a mining interest second only to
her great wealth in wine, wool, fruit, dairy
products and wheat.
This mineral district is located in the north-
eastern corner of the county, in the hills form-
ing the eastern uoundary of upper Russian
river valley. They are about fifteen miles from
Healdsburg and twenty-seven from Santa Bosa.
The mountain district in which they a.e loca-
ted is about twenty miles long by an average
width of about ten miles, includiog the main
range and the spars from it. Two bold streams
rise in tbe main range. They flow in a Lo>tb-
west direction, with the trend of the moun-
tains, on either side of an immense spur from
the main range, unite and empty into Ru-siau
river, near the northern boundary line of the
county. The highest point in this spur is
Geyser mountain, a rounded and beautiful
peak, visible from all parts of the great valleys
of Sonoma. It takes its name from the famous
Geyser springs, which send up their wonderful
columns of steam from a deep gorge, of which
this spur is the western wall.
In t^iis range are located some very valuable
mines. Among the most prominent are the
Socrates, the Flagstaff, the Sonoma, tbe Anna
Belcher, the Rattlesnake, the Missouri, the
Oakland, and the Geyser. We mention these
as they are productive — all having furnaces
now running, or about to commence — and with
no desire to draw invidious comparisons or to
disparage other claims. There is one peculi-
arity worthy of mention : those mines nearest $
the Geyser steam springs produce free mer-
cury, the Socrates, the Flagstaff, and the Rat-
tlesnake, while those further distant produce
cinnabar, which is a combination of mercury
and sulphur. It is not improbable that the
mines will yield during the coming summer
from 1 000 to 1.500 flasks of metal a month,
worth $100 a flask. To W. A. Stuart, an en-
terprising merchant of San Franc-i*co, the de-
velopment of the mines in this section of the
county is mainly due. He bws sound judg-
ment, untiring energy, and, above all, had con-
fidence in the wealth of the district, risking
time, ffoney and labor when others were scep-
tical. It is estimated that there are a thousand
people in tbe district. A network of good
roads run throughout, and the bnsy din of in-
dustry and life is heard where two years ago
the only trail was that of the grizzly, and the
only sound the report of the woodman's rifle.
Further north there are other mines; one,
tbe Clovprdale, is erecting a furnace, with a
hillside for a mine, through which meroury
seem^ to be evenly and thoroughly diffused.
The hill has the appearance of an extinct gey-'
ser; A few mile, lower, on Big Sulphur creek,
the Livermore mine is erecting a furnace.
The Guerneville Mining District.
We have mentioned that Russian river broke
the immediate coast range, emptying into the
sea. In this section there are a number of
valuable mines. The Mont JackBon and the
Great Eastern are both building furnaces. The
indications of a large and lasting deposit are
very favorable. Many believe that they will
equal if not surpass the mines in the Pine Flat
district. They were only discovered during
the past spring. As far as work has been done
the indications are favorable, both mines hav-
ing rich ore on the dump waiting for the com-
pletion of reduction works. In the Bame sec-
tion a rich copper mine, the Olive, is now
being worked.
In the vicinity of Cloverdale a crome iron
mine is worked, and regular shipments of ore
are made. Of this valuable metal there is an
inexhaustible supply in Sonoma county.
Quicksilver mines are also being worked in the
same vicinity. Our mineral wealth is in tbe
infancy of its development. The day may not
be distant when Sonoma will rank as a mining
county as high as she now does for her varied
agricultural resources.
The McGlew Fuenace.— The Nevada Siate
Journal says: We paid P^avine district a visit
on Ti.esday, and tbe result of our observations
was most satisfactory, though it will not be
known for a few days yet whether or no we are
to have a prosperous mining camp in Washoe
county. For the time being all depends on the
successful working of the rebellious ores of the
disdrict by the McGlew furnace, just erected at
a cost of something like $6,000. If by this
process the precious metals can be extracted
with profit, then is the future permanency of
tbe di-trict assured. The result will be known
within the next few davs, and we hope for the
best; though Mr. McGlew is quite confident
there will be no trouble. By tbe McGlew pro-
cess the ore is crushed dry and placed in a
feeder at the top of the furnace. There are
three flues, three feet long and twelve inches
deep. As tbe pulp passes down the incline or
main flue to No. 1 it becomes heated and sep-
arated bv the blast issuing from the flue; thence
to flue No. 2, where it is treated in the same
maurer; thence to flue No. 3, treated in same
manner and heated to any degree of heat re-
quired; thence into the receiver, and there re-
mains with the fires of the three flues passing
over it, and giving an opDortunity for the
chlorine fumes to pass off "with the smoke.
The heat can easily be increased or diminished
as required to suit tbe different qualities of
ores. The ore after leaving the feeder instantly
becomes heated by the flames issuing from the
flues and a continuous heat kept up until
drawn for cooling. It is then carried to the
psns and amalgamated in the same manner as
other ores. As we have previoufly stated,
everything depends just now on this furnace,
the life of Peavine hanging as it were by a
thread, for the mines in the district are looking
splendid, and yielding their usual quantity of
fine ore.
The supervisors of San Diego county have
appointed three road viewers to go over the
road from Banner to Los Palmos and report
the probable cost of opening the road to inter-
sect tbe San Bernardino road to Ehrenberg.
This route, it is claimed, will be twenty-five
miles nearer from the Colorado river to San
Diego than the present traveled road by way of
San Bernardino.
The 1000-foot level in the Gwin mine, Cala-
veras county, is started. It is thought rock
will be struck within thirty or forty feet of the
shaft, and there are good reasons for the be-
lief that the new level will yield a larger amount
than any above it. The mills are kept con-
stantly running on a fair grade of ore taken
from the 900-foot level.
The City of Mexico Two Republics Bays: Sev-
eral Califomians, representing immense min-
ing interests in that Siate, have arrived in the
mining district of Bravos, Guerrero, where they
will devote their time and capital lo develop-
ing the mining interests of that district.
January 30, 1875,]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
67
cientific Progress.
The Unity of the Universe.
The Stoics delighted to dwell on the unity of
the universe, and pointed out its perfect har-
mony. They had an anticipative view ol the
doctrine that heat will at last absorb all things
into itself, out of which a new world will issue.
The atomic theory was adopted from Demo-
critus by the Epicureans, and was wrought into
t gorgeous form by the Latin poet Lucretius.
Neither Democritas or Epicurus was a professed
atheist; on the contrary, both held that the
gods made themselves known to man byimages
or effluxes fro a heaven. But Lucretius pro-
)ouudu his theory to deliver men from nM belief
n the gods and superstitious fears, and repre-
lentu death as the cessation of existence. It is
instructive to observe what a run there is in
the present day after Lucretius, both by classi-
cists and physicists. He is declared to be the
greatest of the Latin poets, and placed above
Virgil and Horace. His arguments ar 1 his
rich descriptions are quoted, and students have
to wade through the niant'ed pool of his erotics
to pluck hi i flowers. It is curious to notice
bow a philosophy seeks for and creates a poetry
raited to it. The philosophy of Epicurus, so
prevalent among the Romans, culminated in
"De Rerum Natura;" it has to be added, in
the licentious pictures on the walls of Pompeii
rad Herculanenm. The philosophy of Locke
ind Bolingbroke found appropriate verses iu
Pope. The subjective philosophy of Kant
same forth in the grand German poetry of the
beginning of this century. The physical phil-
)Bophy of our day has already got a sensuous
ioetry in works which will doubtless be fol-
owed by others. It is because philosophy
•alls forth such influence*?, that it comes to
lave a sway over national character. We can
lelieve with Montesquieu that the Epicurean
ihilosuphy exercised an influence in deteri-
>rating the character of the Romans, in hasten-
ng their ripeness into rottenness, and deter-
mining their fall— we can understand this when
look into these fragments of obscene
Spicurean verses, which have come out of the
ires of Pompeii to testify against the inhabi-
ants. We confess that we have fears of the
esults when the new physics come to crystal-
ize into the creed of the rising generation, and
o lead the literature and inspire the prevailing
entiment of the age.
Dr. Tyndall has no appreciation of the bene-
it conferred on science by Christianity in in-
roducing new and lofty ideas: in showing that
here is only one God, and thus preparing the
ray for the doctrine that there is a unity in
tature; in leading men to expect that there are
rder and wisdom through all God's works; in
.liking the study of nature a duty we owe to
tod; and in giving us exalted views of the
oul as fashioned after the image of God. He
peaks in disparaging language of the scholastic
, whose function it was to preserve all
trough the cold winter, whose seeds which
ad been deposited by ancient thought, and
rhich were ready to sprout at the return of
pnug — he might have spoken with more
aspect of the medieval ages, had he reflected
lat in them more new metals were discovered
ian in all the Greek and Roman times. —Inter-
ailonal Review.
I
Disintegration of Glass. — A correspondent
f the Boston Journal of Chemistry recently
irwarded to that journal some email flakes of
asa, which were taken from an empty fruit
The can was filled in the summer of
373 with red Antwerp raspberries, in the usual
ay of canning fruit. The fruit was used out
ist winter, and the can cleaned and set away
>r future use. During the following summer
'hen wanted for use again a "table-spoonful"
f small thin flakes of glass were found in it.
he can was emptied and again set away to see
lue result, and soon afterward flakes were
:. gain found in the can, while the glass of the
in still continued to look clear and transpar-
Qt. The editor of the Journal of Chemistry
satisfied himself that the flakes are genuine
lass and considers the spontaneons disintegra-
on of the glass is certainly singular, but not
.together without precedent. The same re-
lit has been observed in ammonia bottles left
ry , and in some other instances. The change
fi not liable often to occur, but it may be well
> examine glass fruit cans carefully, before
rg. {sing them.
' || Another Explosive— Ozobenzine. — Foreign
] , hveBtigations of the actions of ozone upon
' ! ptain hydrocarbons, have lately led to the
(iscovery of an interesting substance to which
the name of ozobenzine has been given. Pure
*|J , ienzole, yields, under the action of ozone, acid
h l10^11^8* including formic and acetic acids,
J* lad at the same time a gelatinous body separ-
ates, which constitutes the ozobenzine. When
nU |ried in vacuo, this ozobenzine is an amor-
flj jjhous solid, explosive to such a degree that an
W jjxplosion ensues whenever it is struck or
floated. The explosion of only a few decigrams
f the substance will shatter the windows of
- le room. It is so dangerous that not more
ian three to five milligrams should be used for
le experiment. Ozobenzine is readily and,
pparently, spontaneously decomposed in the
ir, in vacuo, or in an atmosphere of carbonic
3id, Water dissolves and decomposes it.
Two Great Scientific Tbdths have been
established in this century. One is the doc-
trine of the conservation of energy, which im-
plies that all the physical forces are corelated,
and that the sum of force, potential and actual,
in the nniverse is always one and the same.
The men who did most to prepare the way for
this doctrine, such as Newton, Davy, Oersted,
Hersohel, and Faraday, all delighted to see
God in his works, and the liv;ng philosopher
who wan the main agent in discovering it, Dr.
Mayer, has a miud filled with the presence of
God, and looks on force as the expression of
the Divine power The other great doctrine is
that of development, acknowledged as having an
extent which was not dreamed of till the re-
searches of Darwin were published. How far
evolution is to be carried is a disputed point
among naturalists. Darwin seems to have a
great antipathy to fi"al cause; but he has
somehow or other convinced himself that there
is a God, and is obliged to call in three or four
germs, or at least one germ, created by God.
It could easily be shown that the doctrine of
development properly understood, and kept
within inductive limits, is not inconsistent
with final cause; for we may discern a plan and
a purpose, means and end, in the way in which
plants and animals are evolved, and in the
forms they take, which are evidently not by
chance, or by blind atoms, but according to a
progression foreseen from the first, and pro-
ceeding in a determined order. —Internatiouil
Review.
REsn ration and Nutrition in Plants. — M,
Corenwinder, says Nature, has contributed to a
recent meeting of the Scientific Society of Lille,
an account of a series of observations on the
processes of respiration and nutrition in plants,
wherein he holds that the process of theabsorp-
tion and decomposition of carbonic acid and ex-
halation of the oxygen, is really a process of
digestion; that the absorption and exhalation in
the process is a true process of respiration, sim-
ilar, in all respects, to that of animals.
By a very careful serieB of analysis on sev-
eral varieties of plants, he has determined that
the proportion of nitrogenous matter in the
leaves gradually diminishes from the time that
they emerge from the bud till they fall from the
tree; the proportion of carbonaceous matter in-
creases very rapidly during April and May, and
there remains until nearly stationary until Oc-
tober, while that of the incombustible substan-
ces increases during the whole period of veg-
etation.
New Application foe the Spectbosoope. —
If the spectroscope is valuable and efficient in
matters celestial it is not less so in matters ter-
restrial. For teBts and analysis as a laboratory
instrument, it becomes every day more ser»ice-
aole. One of its applications is well worth
notice, in testing the quality of water. In some
places the water is found -to be injurious to
health. It is perhaps contaminated by infiltra-
tion from a sewer or cesspool. How is this
infiltration to be discovered? A quantity of
salt of lithium is thrown into the sewer or cess-
pool. After a time the drinking water is exam-
ined by the spectroscope. If the lithium line
appears in the spectrum, it is a proof that a
portion of the lithium salt thrown into the
sewer or cesspool has found its way into the
drinking water, and that the water is conse-
quently poisoned by foul drainage. From this
we see that the spectroscope may be made to
do good service in protecting the public health.
Pbot ectton A gainst Hail as Well as
Lightning.— Observations in regard to the cir-
cumstances under which hail storms are form-
ed, have conclusively proved that they can only
originate by co-operation of clouds highly
charged with electricity; therefore it was many
years ago suggested that a great number of
lightning rods or conductors erected on poles
might protect a region from hail storms, and
experience has verified this theory. We read
now that it has been tried on a large scale
around Tarbes, in France, where, according to
a French agricultural journal, eighteen com-
munes have been provided with such conduct-
ors, one of them being erected for every 700
acres, and that they have given full protection
against both hail and lightning. This fact is
important in many districts where peculiar to-
pography renders them peculiarly liable to se-
vere hail storms, which prove very destructive
to vegetation, etc.
Effect of Flame on an Eleotbic Spaek. —
Mr. S. J. Mister notices a curious effect of a
gas flame on the current of a Holtz machine.
The jet consists of a glass tube drawn out to a
point, and the flame had a length of about an
inch and a diameter of only an eighth of an
inch. Inserting this between the i ho two ter-
minals of the machine, the length of spark
obtainable was at once increased from less than
ten inches to over twelve, the full distance to
which the balls could be separated. The same
increase was not obtained by simply inserting a
conductor between the two terminals, a ball an
inch in diameter only lengthening the spark
about an inch.
Is Hydrogen a Metal? — Dr. S. Worth, of
Baltimore, infers from the fact that as hydrogen ,
occluded by palladium, is easily recovered by
moderately heating the palladium, hydro-
gen cannot be a metal; or at least that its "oc-
clusion" furnishes no evidence that such is a
fact. The further fact that other solid bodies
absorb large quantities of gases without altera-
tion of the former he also considers further ev-
idence that the metal hydrogen is a myth.
Technical Schools. — Where our future
skilled workmen are to come from is a ques-
tion which is crowding for a solution. The de-
cline, or rather the total abrogation of the
apprentice system has deprived the youth of
the opportunity of learning trades. The result
is that tli« re are few who are learning, so that
skilled labor is getting scarcer in every depart-
ment of industry. It is therefore a matter of
urgent importance that some method should be
devised to remedy this difficulty. Of all the
plans discussed there seems to be but one which
promises success; that is, the establishment of
technical schools. The large degree of success
which has followed the introduction of these
schools in some departments of our activities is
strong proof of their utility in all branohes.
We might reter to our various schooH of design
and art, to our medical schools, and schools of
mining and engineering.
Astbonomical Science.— So stupendous are
the facts, and so bewildering are the teachings
of astronomical science thit it is probable but
few of its statements and deductions would be
believed by the masses of the community, were
it not for the occalar evidence that transits and
eclipses take place precisely,- to the very
minute, as they are calculated and predicted.
These facts afford such positive demonstrations
of the accuracy of astronomical measurements
and researches, that all cavii and doubts have
to be set aside, and the uneducated world is
now compelled to acknowledge as the simple
operation of the immutable laws of nature,
what for countless ages had been regarded as
indications of an offended deity.
ECHANICAL JBROGRES&
Economic Method of Drying Foundry
Molds.
In most foundries the drying of the molds is
effected by means of sheets of iron, on which a
fierce coke fire is maintained. Here, evidently,
is a great loss of caloric, for the drying is only
effected by radiation, and in a space where the
air has generally free access. In the case of
large castings, such as cylinders, fly-wheels,
framing etc, this plan has also the disagree-
able effect of producing great heat all around,
and the molders engaged in the same building
suffer seriously at times. In addition to this,
it is mostly necessary to emplov a crane to
sustain the frame, or to employ heavy materials
which have to be brought to the spot and after-
ward carried away again, disarranging the
material of the foundry and giving rise to un-
necessary work.
No improved method had been attempted
that we are aware of until a few months since,
when M. Dehamme invented and patented a
plan which was introduced fmr months ago
into the foundry of MM. Quillaeq & Cj., at
Anzin, of which M. Dehamme is foreman.
The arrangement is very simple. Near the
most convenient end of the mold a ho'.e is dug
in the ground, and in this is placed a coke
stove, which communicates with the mold by
means of a short horizontal pipe, through
which all the gases of the coke pass. On the
other end of the mold is mounted a chimney-
pipe, the upper end of which is carried out
through the roof or side of the foundry. In
the chimney is a damper to regulate the
draught. The stove being p\rtially or entirely
sunk in the ground, there is little or no radia-
tion from that, and little loss of heat, and
consequently of fuel, as the whole of the
gases enter and pass through the mold, and are
at once carried away by the pipe into the open
air.
The economy is great. In certain cases in
which, aocording to the old method, it would
have required a ton of coke to dry the mold, it
is effected by the new mode with one-fifth of
that quantity; the saving is, however, not
generally so great as this, but is said to amount
on the average to 50 per cent. During the four
months that M. Dehamme's system has been at
work at Anzin, it has realized an economy of
600 to 700 fr. per week in the Baving of coke
alone, and the lighting, which, in the old time,
consumed seven steres of wood per month, is
now easily effected by means of a few shavings
or pieces of waste wood. — Iron.
Metallic Flooes. — A method has been de-
vised for rendering floors to a certain degree
fire-proof, by employing long flat bars of thin
sheet metal, with a perpendicular flange turned
on each edge. Other long thin bars, which are
curved or arched, and riveted at or near their
edges to the first named strips, are placed edge-
wise vertically, one between each two, the con-
nection being so arranged that the tops of the
arches do not rise quite as high as the tops of
the first set of bars. Narrower strips are also
arranged across and riveted to the lower flanges
at suitable intervals apart, to serve as laths for
holding the ceiling plastering to be applied to
them, as well as to brace them laterally. Sim-
ilar strips are arranged across and riveted to
the upper flanges, or wood pieces may be bolt-
ed on to receive and support the floor boards.
The outside flanges are built into and rest in
the wall, and other flanges may b3 applied, if
desired, to the outside strip for letting into the
wall. For a floor of great length the bars are
lapped and riveted.
New and Wide Use fob Inftjsobiax Eabth.
— The use of irfusorial c irtb as a non-oonduc-
torofheatis suggested by the Monetary and
Minim/ Gazette. Tripolite or infasorial earth.
beiug a worse conductor of heat than coal
ashes, and almost as poor as fl'ax chaff, and be-
ing refraotory, is adapted for walls of ice cel-
lars and fire proof safes, for casing steam boil-
ers and pipes, etc., and possesses the advan-
tage of affording protection against rats and
mice. lis lightuess is also a great recommen-
dation. One eubic foot of it weighs 21% to 26
pounds; the same bulk of dry coal ashes, 40%
to 42% pounds, and of dry earth, 94 to 128
pounds. For casing steam pipes it is mixed
with dry flax seed.
Infusorial earth occurs in inexhaustable
quantities on this coast. It is largely used
here for polishing powder as well as for other
purposes. It is also largely employed in the
manufacture of giant powder, althoagh that
obtained here is not considered sufEc*ently fine
for that purpose— a better quality is imported
f.om Europe.
Coating Iron with Coppeb. — A German
paper, Deut. Illust. Zeitung gives the following
with regard to a method of coating iron with
copper, so as to protect the former from the ac-
tion of sea wrter and the like. The iron is
cleaned and rendered perfectly bright by means
of acid, and then immersed in a bath of melted
oopper, which is miintaired at a very high
temperature, so that it not only covers the iron
but becomes incorporated with it. Iron cop-
pered in this way can be hammered and rolled
without the copper tearing or peeling off.
Specimens left in contact with sea water for
nine months was unattacked and could be ham-
mered and rolled out like new metal. Iron
plates covered with copper in this way have
two advantages over pure oopper plates,
namely, they coBt less and are harder and
stronger. There is also a great advantage in
using coppered iron wire for telegraph lines,
instead of galvanized iron.
The Fottjee of the Ibon Tbade.— The an-
nual consumption o? iron throughout the world
has more than doubled within the last eighteen
ye irs— increasing from 7,000,000 tons in !856
to 15,000,000 in 1874— and the average annual
increase is greater now than ever before.
England has hitherto beei able to furnish one-
half this supply, but as her resources are taxed
to the utmost to keep up with the present de-
mand, it is evident that the world must begin
to look elsewhere for the surplus to meet the
inevitable rate of progress in the demand for
thiB great staple of industry. This will un-
doubtedly be America's opportunity, and hence
we may look for a rapid and enormous increase
in the iron industry of this country within the
next ten years. The present annual increase
in the demand for pig iron is not far from 800,-
000 tons.
Pboductng a Bbown Colob on Ibon — Dr.
Sauerweiu recommends the following for pro-
ducing a brown color on iron: The vessels to
be c jvered are moistened with dilute nitric acid
and allowed to dry, when the iron becomes
oovered with rust. This operation is repeated
until the oxide film acquires the desired ap-
pearance. The vessel is then dilligemly rubbed
with linseed oil varnish. The articles then
possess a beautiful red brown color, and are
protected from further oxidation. Equally
good results are obtained, bnt in another oolor,
by dissolving two parts s^squichloride of i:on,
two parts butter of antimony, aud one part
gallic acid, dissolved in the least possible quan-
tity of water, and rubbing the vessel with it.
The operation may be repeated as often as de-
sired, and then rubbed with linseed varnish.
Giving Ibon Wiee a Silveb White Appeab-
ance. — This process has been devised by
Dr. Heeren. The iron wire is first placed in hy-
drochloric acid, in whioh is suspended a piece
of zinc. It is afterward placed in contact with
a strip of zinc, abath of two parts tartaric acid
dissolvod in 100 parts of water, to which is
added three parts tin salt and three parts soda.
The wire remains about two hours in the bath
and is then made bright by polishing or draw-
ing through a drawing iron. By this galvanic
tinning wire whioh has been wound in a spiral,
or iron of other shape, can be made white,
which is an advantage over other methods,
where the wire is tinned in the ore, and drawn
through a drawing plate.
MoLEcrjLAB Change in Ibon. — It is generally,
though not universally believed that the- tex-
ture of wrou ht iron passes from a fibrous to a
crystalline state when subjected to a long se-
ries of concussions. It is quite certain, how-
ever, that a similar change takes place, ou the
surface at least, when fibrous wrought iron is
heated and then suddenly cooled. Professor
Kick heated some of the best boiler plate in a
muffle furnace, almost but not quite to a red
heat, and then chilled it. On breaking, it was
found that the outside portions were crystal-
line to a thickness of one millimeter. With
thin plates this would produce great weakness.
Coating Iron with Beass. — The following is
given aB a method of covering iron wire with
brass, without the use of a battery The pro-
cess is a very simple one, and consists first in
placing the clean bright wire in a solution of
sulphates of copper, when it immediately be-
comes covered with a thin film of copper. It is
then oovered with a paste of pure oxide of tin,
aud heated to a temperature high enough to
fuse the copper. Care must, of course, be ta-
ken to prevent the volatilization of the tin.
68
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
(January 30, 1875,
The Late Storm.
The farmers, not to be outdone by the miners
have had their *.' bonanza" within the past1 few
weeks, in the shape of a most abundant rain-
fall. It was thought at one time that the
present would be a dry year for both miner and
farmer, because such a long Bpell of dry weather
followed the first rains of the season. Within
the past two weeks, however, an abundance of
rain has fallen; and the only trouble has been
that it was more than was wanted in some lo-
calities. The late storms have been very gen-
eral, extending all over this State, and a long
way outside our borders.
In those places which were subject to floods,
as at Marysville and some of the tule lanos,
they have had more water than they wanted.
Sonoma county, too, which comes out best in
dry years, could have done with less rain. All
the islands in the delta of Sacramento county
are more or less under water, except Grand
Island, tbe most northern. The -great Parks
levee in Sutter county, inclosing some 120,000
acres of land, and wbich was made at a heavy
cost, gave way. On these lands, however, a
flood does not prevent a crop from being raised .
To the farmers in the great San Joaquin val-
ley, this storm has been truly a God-send.
They needed rain badly, and have got ail they
wanted. Their fears of a dry year are dispelled,
and the faces of the farmers are wreathed with
miles.
Some of the mountain streams have done
considerable local damage by overflow, and in
some places were higher than during the great
flood of 1861-62, carrying away debris left on
he banks in the (( wet winter." Some idea of
the rapidity with which these mountain streams
swell, may be derived from the statement of
the Calaveras Chronicle, that the Calaveras rose
seven and one-half feet in one hour and thir-
teen minutes.
In California the principal damage done was
at Marysville and Yuba City, which were over-
flowed. In Nevada and Utah many lives have
been lost by snow slides, and considerable
damage done to property also. In Oregon
three lives have been lost by snow slides.
Since the heavy rains we have had a severe
norther blowing, which was predicted by the
Signal Service Bureau. "Old Probabilities"
was successful in this prediction, and saved
considerable property thereby. As it was, how-
ever, a number of schooners were sunk at the
wharves, and several vessels damaged by col-
lision and chafing. Some of the ferries were
not running part of Monday, but by that after-
noon the wind had died away. The vessels
which postponed sailing by the advice of the
SigDal Bureau have since gone to Bea. The
north wind has had a very powerful drying ten-
dency as usual, and our streets are already free
from mud. The predictions of the Signal Ser-
vice, telegraphed from "Washington, were veri-
fied in a few hours, and afford another practical
proof of the value of scientific meteorlogical
observations.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
THtTBBDAY, JAHTJAEY 21.
MOBBING SEB6J.ON.
590 Alpha 32@35
15 .. b 5 33
1230 Beloher 60@52
70 ....b5 r"
2462 Best & Belcher 8O1
220 ...,b5 STiat...
3y55 Gould & Curry iSigJTB
50 ...,bl0 72
250 ....b30 73®73j£
50 ....b5 7lft
95 Hale A Norcross . . .60(5)61
1715 Imperial VtQtTlh
90 .Justice 165M72&
1060 Ken uck T22®23
10 ....b30 24
1755 Mexican 60®64
1340 Ophir 225@233
485 Overman 86®S8
110 ...,b30 89@88
160 Succor 5M&6
100 Savage 170@I68
470 S Nevada 21@22
780 Union Con 95@92
275 Y Jacket U0@137
AFTERNOON SESSION
530 Meadow Valley... .7>#a>7
420 Raymond & Ely....33'«35
20 Eureka Oon R&
140 Pioche .5
5250 Wash <fc Creole.. 1J6@1"
125 Amencal Flag, ..2!*@2$
625 Belmont 9i^@9ii
1150 N Belmont 2%@2&
490 Rye Patch 3j£@3«
430 Eldo South r|@l^
120 South Chariot .1@1V
50 Empire iy,
1775 Lady Bryan 9@1
760 Julia 9W@1
190 Caledonia 25@2*S
275 Knickerbocker i%@
230 Globe \U>m
7V0 Baltimore SHtmk
170 Bacon 8>£
625 Bullion 53@55
485 Utah 8@&^
500 SHill „,12#®l3
325 Eciipae 10
35 Trench 12@12J^
160 Challenge lOM.itll
340 Dayton V , <i >
615 Rhode IslaDd ...6' ^ .
320 Plctou 6U
865 New York 5
1065 Occidental fijieM!*
75 Senator 1?4@176
1600 Phil Sheridan. ...Vi&S'A
30 American Flat. ....... 7?
100 Tyler-... 87*$-
275 Alta W
1202 Woodville Zy&r '
60 Sutro )
1450 Mint
150 Lady Washington . . . ,2M
600 Green , 3k
755 Kossuth *%@4ft
This Week.
TnrjB8DAY, JANUARY. 28.
MOUSING SESSION.
810 Alpha 18J4@30
20 ....b 5 10%
9t<5 Belcher 45060
70 b 30 45@46
4275 Beat ,t Belcher. . . . 49®55
380 Confidence 24(325
725 Con Virginia 525@5I0
14023$ California 420@37O
100 b 30 410@420
570 Ohollar 67@70
665 Crown Point 37®40
730 Empire Mill 9®9J<
725 Gould & Curry 44®40
180 Hale,fcNorcross...50@46
15(5 Imperial , 13®12
885 Kentuck 15^®I7
3435 Mexican 30@32
2255 Ophir .100@U6
50 830 IU7»
100 bl5 105
70 b 5 106
20b 30 116
195 Savage 105®93
535 S Nevada 16,^15)15,^
375 Y Jacket 100@90
AFTERNOON SESSION.
465 Meadow Valley.... 7
210 Rye Patch 29$
100 El Dorado South.. mi'A
170 Golden Charriot...2@2J*;
135 Mabogany. , 6@6^
150 S Chariot 1^
25 Ida Elmore 1-K
" "131
105 Eureka Con UMiUi
25 Pioche 4%
200 American Flag VW
500 Belmont 9J«f@lO
110 Newark 1
450 M Belmont 2
25 Exchequer 200
4u Seg Belcher. ...112'i;@U5
650 Overman 75
50 b 30 76
85 Justice 105@110
150 Succor 4#@5
355 Union l^QlSJE
105 Lady Bryan 5@6
1660 Julia 6>£ffil
190 i^aledenia 23J$ftij2 j
175 Knickerbocker.... r, as
580 Baltimore Con... ."71i@8
260 Bullion 39oH0
15b30 ...40
315 Utah 5©5Ji
480 Senator Hill 9@9}$
20 Challenge 8
120 Dayton 4@4J4
190 New York 3K@3?4
610 Occidental 4M@4K
10 Rook Island by,
60 Senator 1
1325 Phil Sheridan l@lj-i
1100 Woodville 3@3:<
335 L Wa-hiuglon... 2^@2M
330 Kossuth i®lU
250 Original Gold Hill. ...l^
160 Sec Rock Island.. .1®IM
275 O P Kavine 50
100 ALittle 2
822 Andes 7@8
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in tbe Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Deling1 nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business.
Andes S M Co
Arizona & Utah M Co
Bellevue M Co
Bowery Cons M Co
Caledonia S M Co
CederbuiR G M Co
Chariot Mill A M Co
Confidence M Co
Daney M Co
El Dorado South Cons M Co
Empire Mill & MOo
Florida S M Co
Globo Cons M Co
Globe M Co
Golden Cliariot M Co
Hale & Norcro=s S M Co
Indus G A S M Co
Iowa M Co
Justice M Co
Knickerbooker M Co
Lady Brvan M Co
Lady Washington M Co
Mahocany 1} & S M Co
MintGASMCo
Original Gold Hill G 4 S M Co
Page Tunnel Co
Phil Sheridan G & S M Co
Pioche S M Co
Pioche West Ex M Co
Pooruian G & S M Co
Raymond A Ely S M Co
Rock Island G A S M Co
Silver Cord M Do
South Chariot M Co
Tyler M Co
Utah S M Co
Washington & Creole M Co
Yellow Jackets M Co
Washoe
Washoe
Plneer Co Oal
Ely District
Washoe
Cal
Sao Diego Co
Cal
Washoe
Nevada
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Utah
Washoe
Ely District
Ely District
Idaho
Pioche
Washoe
Idaho
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
ElyDist
Washoe
50 Dec 7
75 Dec 10
50 Dec 10
20 Deo 15
3 00 Jan 8
50 Dec 29
50 Deo 24
30 Jan 16
75 Jan 12
75 Jan 15
50 Dec 28
I 00 Jan 8
75 Dec 10
75 Deo 10
1 53 Jan 4
5 CO Jan 8
25 Dec 30
25 Jan 13
5 00 Jan 12
1 50 Dl'c28
1 00 Jan 11
30 Dec 17
2 00 Jan 5
20 Jan 19
50 Deo 12
S Doc 12
75 Jan 21
— Dec 11
30 Dec 28
I 00 Jan 19
3 00 Jan 18
1 00 Jan 13
1 00 Jan 2
1 00 Jan 9
50 Nov 19
2 00 Jan 22
50 Deo 8
5 00 Dec 10
Jan 11
Jan 14
Jan 14
Jan 25
Feb 12
Feb 3
Jan 23
Feb 23
Feb 16
Feb 19
Jan 29
Feb 10
Jan 14
Jan 14
Feb 8
Feb U
Jan 30
Feb 15
Feb 12
Jan 30
Feb 12
Jan 21
Feb 11
Feb 24
Jan 14
Jan 20
Mar 2
Jan 21
Feb 3
Feb 2-1
Feb 26
Feb 17
Feb S
Feb 16
Jan 21
Feb 24
Jan 11
Jan 13
Feb I
Feb 2
Feb 4
Feb 28
Mar 5
Feb 24
Feb 13
Mar 17
Mar 9
Mar 12
Feb 18
Mar/ 2
Feb 2
Feb 2
Feb 28
Mar 5
Feb 18
Mar 10
Mar 2
Feb 19
Mar 3
Feb8
Mar 4
Maris
Feb I
Feb 20
Mar 30
Feb 16
Feb 25
Mar 17
Mar 26
Mar 9
Feb 26
Mar 9
Feb 12
Mar 16
Feb 4
Feb 13
M Landers
J Maguire
D F Verde nal
OE Elliott
R Wegener
D M Bokce
P Swift
W S Anderson
G R Sninney
W Willis
W E Dean
L Hermann
J Maguire
J Maguire
L Kaplan
J F Lightner
D Wilder
A D Carpenter
J S Kennedy
H Boyle
F Swift
H O Kibbc
C B Hlggins
D A Jennings
507 Montgomery st
419 California st
409 California st
419 California st
414 California st
215 Sansome st
419 California st
210 Battery st
320 California st
419 California st
419Ca.iforniast
11 Pine st
419 California st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
438 California st
Mcrchan's' Ex
605 Clay st
Merchants' Ex
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
419 California st
402 Montgomery st
401 California st
WMHelman Fireman's Fund Bldg
J Hardy
W R Townscnd
O E Elliott
T L Kimball
W Willis
T W Colburn
J W Clark
Frank Swift
O H Bogart
O D Squire
W E Dean
F D Oleary
G W Hopkins
418 California st
330 Pine st
419 California st
4119 California Bt
419 California st
418 California st
413 California at
419 California st
402 Montgomery s t
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
Gold Hill
OTHER COMPANIES-NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Baltic Cone M Co Washoe
California and Arizona M Co Arizona
California Cons M A M Co Cal
Carrie Hale Hydraulic M A W Co Cal
Combination G A S M Co Panamint
Con Reforma L A S M Co
Edith Quicksilver M Co
Enterprise Oons M Co
Equitable Tunnel M Co
Florence M Co
420" M Co
Lower Oal
Cal
Cal
Utah
Humboldt Co Cal
Washoe
Gold Mountain G M Co Bear valley Out
Gold Run M Co Nevada Co Cal 9
Golden Rule SM Go Utah
Hasloe M A M Co Mariposa Co Cal 3
Hayes G ASM Co Robinson Pist 6
Illinois Central M Co Idaho 1
Independence Cons M Co Cal
Juniata Cons S M Co Aurora Nev 2
Kearsarge Cons Quicksilver M Co. Oal 1
Kennedy M Co Amador Co Cal 8
KevstoneNo 1 A2M Co Ar,zona 4
Martin A Walling M A M Co Cal 1
New York M Co Washoe 11
North Bloomiield Gravel M Co Cal 35
Oneida H Co Amador Co Cal 10
Ophir GM Co Bear valley Oal 1
Pinto M Co ■ White Pine
Prussian G A S M Co Nye Co Nevada 3
Rattlesnake Quicksilver M Co Cal 2
San Jose M Co Egan Canon 6
Silver Wesi Cons M Oo Eureka Nev 3
Snuth Fork M A Canal Co Cal
WebfootMCo Elko Co Nev 1
Wells. Fargo A Co M Co Washoe I
Wyoming G M Co Cal 5
Yarbovough S M Co Kern Co Oal 6
15 Nov 18
10 Jan 8
1 (K» Jan 14
10 Jan 15
10 Deo 28
50 Dec 24
20 Dec 23
12J* Deo 26
25 .Ian 12
10 Dec 5
1 00 Dec 29
1 00 Jan 25
20 Dec 7
5 Dec 8
1 25 Jan 13
2'l Jan 4
30 Dec 24
10 Jan 9
1 00 Dec 16
30 Dec 28
I 00 Dec 16
1 00 Dec 12
50 Deo 7
50 Dec 5
1 00 Dec 1
1 00 DeoU
10 Jan 22
10 Jan 9
1 00 Jan 12
1 25 Deo 24
5 00 Jan 27
10 Jan 13
5 Dec 7
25 Jan 23
Deo 21
Jan 13
Dec 23
50
Dec 23
1 eb 22
Feb 16
Feb 24
Feb 1
Jan 30
Feb 3
Feb 6
Feb 17
Jan 8
Feb 2
Mar 6
Jan 11
Jan 15
Feb 16
Feb 12
Jan 30
Feb 17
Jan 21
Feb 8
Jan 20
Jan 12
Jan 8
Jan 6
.Ian 4
Jan 16
Mar 2
Feb 15
Feb 18
Jan 23
Mar 8
Feb 20
Jan 10
Mar 3
Jan 30
Feb 13
Jan 30
Febl
Mar 12
Mar 5
Mar 17
Feb 23
Feb 20
Feb 23
Mar 3
Mar 9
Feb 3
Feb 20
Mar 3 1
Feb 3
Feb 15
Mar 16
Mar 8
Feb 23
MarlO
Feb 10
Feb 22
Feb 10
Febl
Jan 23
Jan 25
Jan 25
Feb 3
Mar 27
Mar 8
Mar \£
Feb 19
April 13
Mar 20
Febl
Mar 30
Feb 13
Marl
Feb 23
B Bnrris 507 Montgomery st
T E Jewell 507 Montgomery st
J W Tripp 40B California st
H Knapp Merchants' Ex
D Wilder Merchants' Ex
A D Carpenter 605 Clay st
W Stuart 113 Liedesdortf st
F J Hermann 418 Kearny st
C S Healy Merchants' Ex
I E Delavau 220 Montgomery st
E F Stone 419 California st
JPCivallier 513 California st
C C Palmer 41 Market st
K Wertneimer 530 Clay st
W A M Van Bokkelen 419 Cal et
G R Spinney 320 California st
402 Montgomery st
418 Kearny st
R H Brown
F J Hermann
C S Nenl
JMcAffee
A Wissel
WRTownsend
J W Tripp
H O Kibbe
I Derby
I> Kaplan
J P Cwallier
A K Duvbrow
R H Brown
A Baird
A Carrlgan
F R Bunker
H Knapp
D A Jennings
A O Tavlor
W J Gunn
E Barry
419 California st
408 California ft
210 California st
330 Pine st
408 California st
419 California st
320 California et
Merchants' Ex
51 '. California st
43S California st
402 Montgomery st
316 California st
109 Front st
606 Montgomery st
3(16 Montgomery st
401 California st
331 Montgomery st
410 Montgomery st
415 Montgomery st
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Location. Secretary.
American Nevada M Co
Bowery Cons M Co . Nevada
Consolidated Amador Cal
Florida S M Co Washoe
Germania M Co
IowaM Co Washoe
Justice M Oo Washoe
Lady Bryan M Co Washoe
Mansfield G M Co Cal
Nevada M Co
Omega Table Mountain M Oo Cal
Red Jaaket M Oo Idaho
Saw Pit Flat Cons M Co Cal
Welch Cons Quicksilver Co Cal
Zacatero G M Co Cal
L Hermann
OhasE Klliott
FBLitham
L Hermann
J W Tripp
Galled by Trustees
J S Kennedy
Called by Trustees
J M Buffington
L Hermann
D Wilder
Wm Willis
J W Clark
E J Ryan
L Hermann
Office in SF.
330 Pine st
419 California st
402 California st
331 Pine st
408 California st
419 California st
Merchflnts' Ex
330 Pine st
Merchants' Ex
419 Caliornia st
418 California st
330 Pine st
Meeting1.
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Date,
Feb 4
Feb 8
Febl
Feb 7
Febl
Feb 16
Feb 15
FebU
Feb 3
Feb 4
F-b 24
Febl
Feb 10
Fab 8
Feb 9
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Belcher M- Co.
Chariot M & M Co
Consolidated Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Location. Secretary.
Washoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Oal Frnnk Swift
Washoe D T Bacley
Washoe OE Elliott
N. O. Fassefc.
Nov WWTraylor
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. P.
F419 California st
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California st
409 California st
3 00
40
3 00
2 00
1 00
50
Payable.
Jan 11
Nov 16
Jan 11
Jan 12
Jan. 25
Jan 5
Jan q
Mining Stocks.
The bottom dropped out of the Stock market
and prices of all descriptions went tumbling
down farther than they ever went up. The
heaviest declines are apparent, of course, in
the leading stocks, but the smaller ones fol-
lowed suit and went to smash with the larger.
Of course it was only a question of time when
this collapse would occur, for while several of
the mines were selling at high figures on their
merits, others were only buoyed up by the
natural strength of the market. There is no
diminuition in the prospects of the bonanza
mines, according to the Viginia papers, and
they will probably recover somewhat in price,
though it is questionable if they ever rise as
high as they were during the late excitement.
Reference to our Mining Summary will give
our readers an idea of the situation at the
mines, and a glance at our Stock tables will
show the decline in the values of the stocks.
By comparing the prices of last week and those
of this, a good idea will be had of the shrink-
age in values.
"We are informed that a discovery of quick-
silver was made about two weeks since, on the
land of Hon. J. McM. Shafter, occupied by
Mr. Charles V. Payne. It is said to be a large,
well defined vein, and the surroundings indi-
cate that the nietal exists there in large quan-
tities. Mr. Payne has secured a retort, and
will immediately ascertain more about it. —
Marin Journal,
Patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Reports fob the Mining and Scien
tific pbes8, dewey & co., publishebfl asd
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Dated Washington .
D. O., Jan. 26th, 1875.
Foe Week Ending Jan. 12th, 1875.*
Blind Slat Adjuster. — David Aaron, Marys-
ville, Cal.
Sight fob Fire Arms. — Thomas Dunstone,
Santa Cruz, Cal.
Water Wheel. — Samuel W. Knight, Sutter
Creek, Cal.
-Robert Priseman, Sacra-
Elford, Oakland,
They now want to abolish the office of State
mineralogist in Nevada.
Chimney Guard.
mento, Cal.
Blind Stop. — Alford T,
Cal.
Stone Cutting Machine. — Louis Dutertre, S.
F., Cal.
Bird Cage Attachment, — George Fliedner,
Portland, Oregon.
'"The patents are not ready for delivery by tfce
Patent Office until some 14 days after the date of issue.
Note.— OopieB of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Oo., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast Inventors transacted witb
peifeot seourity and in the shortest time possible.
A daily line of stages will soon be placed on
the route between Indian Wells and Panamint,
General News Items.
A Close Call.— At T. W. Haskins' shingle
mill, Pescadero creek, on the 16th inst., Wm.
Milliken, while employed in lacing a belt, had
his coat oaugbt by a pulley, whioh wound the
garment up in an instant, and Mr. Milliken
found himself turning one hundred revolutions'
per minute, or less. Mr. Haskins, who was
working near by, ran and grabbed the flying,
man by the foot, jerking him loose in a little-
less than no time. When the man of wonder-
ful velocity viewed himself he found that his:
condition was one of nudity, excepting pants
and boots; many bruises, but no bones broken.
Had the coat been of strong material, there
would be a dead Milliken, in all probability.
Danger Feared. — It is feared that danger
may arise if the proposed dam is constructed
on Calaverns creek, Santa Clara county. It is
proposed to form a reservoir to supply San I
Francisco with water by erecting a dam 225
feet high, which will flood an area of 225
square miles, provided the reservoir ever be- 5
came filled. Such a body of water thus reserved I
would be a constantly threatening danger to>
all and everything below; but there is no prob-*
ability of bach a dam being constructed. In ex- I
pectation of it, however, land to be flooded has \
risen from $40 to $100 per acre.
A Valuable Beick. — In the Bank of France |
they have got a brick for which they paid 1,000 I
francs in specie. It was taken from the ruins (:
of a burned house, and the image and figures
of a note for 1,000 francs are burned on the I
surface, transferred by the heat from a real f.
note. This briok the bank redeemed on pres-
entation, as if it were the note, itself.
Pensioners. — There are 54 widows of Gen-.,
era'.s and 217 of Colonels on the pension rolls.
When the pension paid the Brigadier-Generals, I
$50 a monih, was offered to the widow of Gen- I
eral Mf ade, she very emphatically declined to^.;
receive it, because it was less than that paid I
Mrs. President Lincoln.
A Black Day. — The revalations of the P. S. I
S. Co., Investigating Committee have marked £
up a black day for the American Congress, and, *
what has heretofore been considered the re- $
spectable press of the Union. The lamest duck
just now is ex-Conaressional-Postmaster and
Congressman-elect King. He has gone where
the woodbine twineth.
Alviso Railroad. — This narrow gauge pro-
ject is again advocated by the San Jose papers;
but nobody moves. The company which was
formed two years ago, got tbe right of way and
stopped, Somehow it iq easier to locate the:
road on paper than build it and decide on its
management. Capital, for some reason, is off-
ish.
Recovering. — Gen. Cobb, of Alameda, who
was shot on Washington street in this city a
short time ago, by a woman, has so far recov-
ered that he will be able to attend to business
in a few days. The ball has not been extract-
ed, but it causes him no inconvenience at pres-
ent.
METALS.
Wednesday m., Jan. 13, 1875.
„ 46 00
(ffl 46 00 '
•A 46 00
@ 46 00
3*
5S
1 -09
8 00
American Pig Iron, $ ton .__.
Scotch Pig Iron,^ ton 42 00
White Pie, "® ton
Oregon Pig, ^ ton ...
Rutined Bar, bad assortment, ^lb
Refined Bar, good assortment, $ lb
Boiler, No. 1 to 4
Plate, No. Sto9
Sheet, No. 10 to 13
Sheet, No. 14 to 20
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 — 08
Horse Shoes, per keg 7 50
Nail Rod - 10
Norway Iron — -9
Rolled Iron — 6
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Miners, eto.
OOPPEB.—
Brazier*'
Copper Tin'd
O.Niel'sPat
Sheathing, jft lb
Sheathing, Yellow
Sheathing, Old Yellow
Composition Nails
Composition Bolts
Plates, Charcoal, IX ^ box 13 00 ffl 15 CO
Plates, IO Charcoal 13 00 @ 14 50
Roofing Plate* 12 50 @ 15 00
BancaTio, Slabs, ^ lb — 32%® — 33
STEEL.— EngliBh Oast, qfllb — 20 @ — 25
Anderson & Woods' American Cast
Drill
FlatBar — 18
Plow Steel - 9
ZlNO
Zinc, Sheet —
NAILS— Assorted sizes 4 25
QoiOasn-VEB. DBr lb — —
- 31
- 45
- 50
- 24
- 24
- 25
- 12,4
■11
LEATHER.
Wednesday m., Jan. 27, 1876.
City Tanned Leather, fy B> 26@2fr
Santa Oruz Leather, $ lb 2&gf2s.
Country Leather, © lb 24@2S.
Stockton Leather,^ b 25^289
Jodot,8 Kil., perdoz J50 00® 54 09
Jodot, 11 to 13 Kil.. perdoz 68 00<® 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., pordoz.....' 82 00@94 00
Jodot, second choice, 11 to 16 Kil. '# doz 57 IK% 74 (.0
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00@ 67 00
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13..
Gornelliaa Fjmalea. 14 to- lfi KM —
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil..
n Ullmo FemaieB, 14 to 15, Kil. .
. K3 OOfL .
. 71 IJ0?5 76 59
..60 00@ Hi H' ■
TOOOS 72 '0
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kit 73 00* 75
75 0U
b3 'I'
Simon, IB Kil.,$ doz 61 _,„
Simon, 20 Kil. $1 doz. 65 00f3 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. 9 doz 72 00® 74 00
Robert Calf , 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 00
French Kips, TO lb 1 OOQ 1 til
California Kip, « doz 40 00@i P M
ITrench Sheep, all colors, « doz 8 00® 15 OS
Eastern Oalf for Backs. & lb 100® 1 30
Sheep Roaua for Topping, all colore, $ doz. ... 9 <J0@ 13 00
Sheep Roans'for Linings, a doz 5 50 @ 10 5(i
California Rnssett Sheep Linings 1 75® 4 50
Best Jodot Calf Boot Legs, "^ pair 5 000 5 2!
Good Frenoh Calf Boot Legs, it* pair 4 00® 4 7i
French Oalf Boot Legs, » pair 4 00®
Harness Leather, # lb 30® 3T.S
Fair Bridle Leather, W doz 48 003 72 iX
Skirting Leather, $ ft 33® 37«
Welt Leather,® doz 30 iKI<% 50 Ol
Bnfl Leather, * foot 17®
Wax Side Leather. V foot 17<<9
Eastern Wu Leather — ®-
January 30, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
69
s>,
MINING NUMMARY.
The fullnwioK t» iiionly cond'ios*ii from journal* pub-
lished io the iourior.in proumtlv to tne micas rauntiooe'1.
California.
AMADOR COUNTY.
Asbestos. — Amador Ledger, Jan. 23: C. D.
Horn brought to this office a few days ago some
very fine specimens of asbestos, taken from a
vein recently discovered southeast of Aqnednct
city in this county. The vein appears to be
Barrow at the surface, but may increase down-
ward. The fibers of the mineral before us are
wery fine, aud we nhould judge from appear-
ances that tho article is of excellent quality.
Tin- claimants, Mr. Horn and F. M. Brown,
intend sinking on the vein to ascertain its ex-
tent.
Thb Oneida Mine. — Under the efficient man*
age men t of the present superintendent, the
wove mine is presenting a very flattering ap-
pearance. New and substantial hoisting
works have just been completed. The new
shaft h is reached the depth of 1,000 feet, and
the miue thoroughly proven to the lowest level.
The chimney increases as a greater depths are
reached, and at this time presents an unbroken
edge of rich pay ore 500 feet in length. The
rock now being taken from the mine, will aver-
se $20 per ton, with enough developed to sup-
ily the mill with 100 tons daily for the next
wo years. The Oneida mine mine may be
'anked as one of the most valuable mines in
be county, and from this time on, its returns
sannot fail in giving satisfaction to its owners.
The present superintendent is not only the
ight man in the right place, but deserves much
redit for the mining knowledge he has de-
layed in his management of the mine.
Thk Calaveras Citizen learns that the bed of
K>al recently discovered near Laucha Plana, in
imador county, is proving to be of excellent
jii ility. The muin shaft is now down to a
lepth of over 80 feet.
3ALAVERAS COUNTY.
Mining Items. — Calaveras Chronicle, Jan. 23:
L rich deposit of quartz has been struck thirty
eet down from the top, which pays from $60
9 $65 per ton, and the ore is getting better as
^e go down. The casings pay from $20 to $30
ier ton. The lode is from fifteen to eighteen
nches in width, and is growing wider. It is
cnown by miners as a cross-vein, runniDg
lorth and south, which scientific miners say is
setter than east and west veins. The lode is
ituated two and a half miles norLh of Vallecito,
<n the head of what is known as Helleye gulch.
Che claim was formerly known as the Greaser
■hum, but has since been changed to the Queen
if tho "West. The mine is owned by Hendsch &
Jweeney, of Copperoplis, who intend to erect
i small mill next spring.
Piping has been commenced in the Red Hill
tydraulic claim, and operations are to be vig-
rously pressed from this time forward. A 10-
ich iron pipe conveys water from the ditch to
lie mine, giving a pressure of about 180 feet.
n addition to the Bed Hill claim proper, there
9 a good deal of surface ground adjacent that
Pill pay well for washing.
The work of sinking a shaft from the lower
nnnel of the San Bruno mine, at Mosquito, is
progressing favorably. A sufficient quantity
if water has not yet been struck to necessitate
he use of the engine and hoisting works. The
ook obtained from the shaft is exceedingly
ich.
Shut Down.— Calaveras Citizen, Jan. 23: The
.ndersou Flat mine stopped working last week;
he object, we understand, is to enable the
orupany to put up smelting and reduction
'orks, as the ore is inclined to be refractory.
Enterprise. — The new eight-stamp mill
rorks admiringly, and the energetic superin-
endent, Fred Morris, wears a bland smile in-
ioative of an assured satisfaction as to the suc-
iss of his enterprise. _
Milling. — Henry & Son commenced run-
iDg their mill on the 13th inst., crushing rock
iken from the Madra, of which they are the
wners. They will do. custom work when the
-till is not employed in crushing ore from the
dadra.
L DORADO COUNTY.
Mines. -- Placerville Republican, Jan. 21:
eter Gross, after having twice almost effected
sale of his mine in Big Canon, near this city
-recent negotiations huving been cut short, as
11 arrangement were about completed, by the
uildiii death of the principal purchaser — has
etermined to keep and work it himself, and
as purchased a ten- stamp mill for that pur-
fjj oee, and now has most of the machinery on
ae ground. From the North side we receive
lUttering reports from both the Taylor and
(Voodside. Reports from the latter represent
jhat they have struck a five foot ledge which is
jery rich, and has every appearance of being
permanent.
IUMBOLDT COUNTY
[I Cinnabar. — Humboldt Times: It is now
fjonceded ihat discoveries of cinnabar lodes have
een made in this county. Specimens of the
Ire have been tested with satisfactory results,
''he locality of the discoveries is in the vicin-
>y of the Kneeland's Prairie and Round Val-
iy wagon road, and near the boundary line be-
ween Humboldt aud Triulty counties. Two
undred persons are reported as being on the
round locating claims.
NYO COUNTY.
Rich Strikes at Panamint, — Panamint
yews, Jan. 23: We hear of rich strikes in sev-
eral mines here, made in the last day or two,
which have not heretofore occupied much of
the public attention, and aNo of very rich ore
in one or two prominent mines much beyond
the expectation of the owners.
Opr Minks— From Capt. M"ssic\ the ener-
getic and competent superintendent of the Sur-
prise Valley mill »nd water company, we learn
the following in regard to a few of the most
prominent mines mines of this company now
boing worked. His statements are corrobora-
ted by those of others, who are not in any way
interested in these mines or the business affairs
of the company, and who, from scientific
knowledge and practical experience, are com-
petent to judge of the value of ores and proper
method of working mines.
Jacobs' Wonder. — The maiu tunnel, run-
ning east from Big Canyon, is in splendid ore
and looking better than ever. A general im-
provement is noticeable in all the different
openings. In fact, the prospects exceed the ex-
pectations of the most sanguine when work
was first begun on this mine.
Wyoming. — This mine, in which a vein of
black ore was struck two or three weeks ago —
assays from which went as high as $12,820 per
ton — is still looking as well as usual, and a
large amount of very fine ore is daily being
taken out.
Hemlock. — The shaft iu this splendid mine
has cut the ledge at a depth of about 115 feet,
which has developed a large, fine body or ore.
The f^haft being vertical, and the ledge having
but little pitch, it is difficult to tell how wide
this ore vein is until the foot-wall shall have
been reached.
Stamp Mills. — The company are pushing
ahead with grading and getting out timber
for their mills — tho one at the head of the can-
yon will be a twenty-stamp mill, with a capac-
ity for ten stamps more, while the mill lower
down the canyon will be larger, not less
than thirty, and probably of forty stamps The
departure of Mr. Henry A. Jones, last Satur-
day, for Spadra, was for the purpose of hurry-
ing forward the machinery for the mill at the
head of the canyon.
Benton. — Cor. Inyo Independent, Jan: The
mines are looking splendidly, and producing
ore that will mill from $250 to $400 per tou.
There is, however, but little ore now being
taken oat by parties not having facilities for
crushing, as it is difficult to get any of our mill
men to work ore for individuals or small com-
panies. Per consequence, it is very discoura-
ging to prospectors. A small custom mill
would be a paying investment; besides, it would
assist more in the development of the mines,
and be better for us generally than for a com-
pany of any reasonable amount of capital to
invest here, unless they should make the work-
ing of custom ore a speciality. Madam Rumor
says that Mr. Wetherill has sold his mill and
mine to a party Virginia, and that the new pro-
prietors are going to erect extensive reduction
works. Pat Forey has sold to J. A. Creaser
a one-third interest in the St. Louis mine.
KERN COUNTY.
Coso District. — Kern County Courier:
Messrs Colby, Jewett and Brundage bring fa-
vorable news from New Coso. Several hun-
dred men are on the ground and new discov-
eries are constantly being made. About two
miles from the first locations some leads of
milling ore have been found similar to those of
Panamint. The specimens shown us by Mr.
Brundage look quite as well as any ore we
have seen from that place. Judge Colby
brought a pack of ore from the Defiance, the
lead owned by himself and P. Reddy. Those
_familiar with the ores of the celebrated Union
"miue at Cerro Gordo say it is impossible to
distinguish it from ore of that mine. The for-
mation in which this mine is found' is precisely
similar, but is more favorably situated for work
and vastly larger. The measurements of the
U. S. Deputy Mineral Surveyor give it a width
of 196 feet. A cut or tunnel is now being run
across it with a view to better ascertain the
solidity and continuity of the vein and char-
acter of the ore. A town is being built con-
tiguous to the mines, called Darwin. A hotel
conducted by Mr. V. G. Thompson is already in
operation. Water will be supplied by means
of pipes laid from springs, six miles distant
from which the grade is downward. As the
leads hero are richer, larger and more numer-
ous and easily worked than at Panamint, a still
greater excitement is sure to spring up. The
galena ores may be worked far cheaper than
the milling, and the necessary preliminary out-
lay is not half as much. But it is too early
yet for men of prudence to visit this promising
locality. The weather, for two months, to
come, will continue uncomfortably cold in that
quarter. We may expect lively times there this
summer.
NAPA COUNTY.
Calistoga Item, — Calistoga Free Press, Jan.
23: Three tons and a half of ore from the
Georgia mine worked in the Missouri retorts
yielded seven flasks of metal.
The hydraulic works at the Yellow Jacket are
in full operation. Five hundred feet of new
sluice boxes are being erected.
The Kellogg furnace at the Knights valley
ranch is working tons of ore for the Oakland
mine to test the value of the ore.
Recent work on the Mercury adjoining the
Geyser shows fine metal, and the appearances
of the mine will warrant the erection of a fur-
nace as soon as the weather will permit.
The first cleanings of the Geyser furnace
will take place the first of next week. The
mine js developing finely, and the quantity of
ore available for the furnace is daily increasing.
Sluicing at the Gravel mine, Pine Flat, is
progressing finely. The ore gathered in the
boxeft is very rich, and wilt be run through the
Ida Clayton furnace as roou as it can be hauled.
The Steele tunnel at the Ida Clayton is in
180 feet, and drifis are being run both north
and south along the wall of the ledge, ore be-
ing taken from both drifts. The Laird tunnel
is in 190 feet, and when finished will be 1,180
feet long, and tap the ledge 337 feet from
the surface.
Fifty-four flasks of quicksilver were shipped
last week by the California Borax Company to
Parrott & Co., Sun Francisco. Eighty-four
flasks from the Great Western Quicksilver
miue to Virginia, Nevada.
NEVADA COUNTY.
Rich Gravel. — Nevada Transcript, Jan. 23:
We learn that very rich gravel is being found
in the Mmzaoita mine. The amount we hear
a pan prospects is so fabulous, that we refrain
from giving the report. We hope to be able to
give an authentic report soon.
Omega, Water AnD Mining Company. — This
mine, situated at Omega, in the upper part of
tho county, is running to its fullest capacity.
The company use about 2,200 inces of water
in four pipes. Two pipes only were used from
the flrjt of November, and were continued for
forty-five dajs, when a scarcity of water com-
pelled shutting them off. There has been
nearly a mouth's run since the late rains. The
pipes are now so arranged that there is a much
greater fall, and as a consequence an increased
amount of dirt is washed daily. Last year this
mine paid dividends. This year, with the in-
creased facilities for washing, their profits will
bo nearly doubled. There is no better mine
iu the county. The ground is extenssve; is
rich with gold, and the company own the water
used. We should not object to a few shares
in it.
The Plaza Qqabtz Mill. — The above mill,
owned by Jones & Keith, is kept busy most of
the lime in crushing prospect rock. On Sat-
urday it was running on some rock taken out
of a leilge up on Deer Creek, owned by Mr.
Erskine, and the plates showed a very good
prospect. The roads are now in such a condi-
tion that it is difficult to draw an empty wagon
off the unbeaten track, so there will be but
little done at the mill for awhile.
PLACER COUNTY.
Rattlesnake Bar. — Cor. Placer Argus, Jan.
23: I am happy to be able to report more favor-
ably of our mines than formerly. The Crary
Brothers claim is paying exceedingly well, they
have struck splendid paying gravel. They
really deserve good pay as they have been to
over $2,000 expense on the claim during the
last year. They have a splendid apparatus, and
are driving the work day and night. It is as-
tonishing to see the large rocks the Little Giant
drives into the sluices.
B. W. Houseworth & Co., are also doing
good business with their Giant since the rain
Other parties are also preparing to wash soon,
which looks more favorable for our place.
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY.
Bear Valley. — Santa Barbara Press, Jau. 16:
This rich mining district is attracting the atten-
tion of miners and capitalists* aud promises
that the anticipations of those who predicted a
bright future will be more than realized. The
40-stamp mill which is being constructed, will
be completed in a few weeks, and furnish em-
ployment for several hundred men, besides
demonstrating the wealth of that district which
is as yet little known. The Panamint and
Coso excitement has caused but few to aban-
don Bear Valley, so great is the confidence
which miners have in the district. There will
soon be a mail line established from San Ber-
nardino to Holcomb Valley, which is only four
miles from Bear Valley. A great advantage
which that district has over manv others is the
great abundance of wood and water contiguous
to the mines. Lumber is abundant and cheap,
the climate so mild that work is rarely, inter-
rupted during the winter, and a more healthy
locality cannot be found in any of our moun-
tains.
SAN D1ECO COUNTY.
Julian and Banner Districts. -^Cor, San
Diego World: It is reported iu town that the
Chariot mine has struck an immense volumu
of water in their shaft.
The Ready Relief is running steadily day
and night on good ore. The shaft in the
Owen*s mine being pushed rapidly.
The Kcntuek and several other mines in the
canon are looking well. The Antelope mine
changed hands a few days since. The Antelope
has been a good miue, and no doubt with
proper management will prove remunerative
to its owner.
SIERRA COUNTY.
Forest City — Mountain Messenger, Jan. 23:
Advices from Forest City are to the effect that
the North and South Forks were exceedingly
.high on Tuesday. The lower bridge, on the
road leading to Pike City, just below the junc-
tion of the two forks, was carried away. We
also learn that quite a number of the boxes of
the Bald Mountain Company's sluices were
carried off. Whether they were near the head
or foot of the flume, we did not learn.
The new company, which recently purchased
the Pioneer claims, have already received a
portion of their freight, and will at once com-
mence getting ready to open them. They will
work a Burleigh drill.
The Storm.— On Tuesday last we were
visited by the highest water this section has
Jcnown since the remarkably wet winter of 1861
and 18G2, the water raising to within a foot of
high water mark of that winter. It is claimed
by some that the water would have beea full
as high as then but for the changed condition
of the river bed, it being then full of tailings
of which it was before this storm remarkably
clear, owing to comparatively little river and
bank mining done of late years. The water
commenced rising rapidly Monday night, and
Tuesday morning both rivers which form a
junction here were binks full, the North Fork
being the highest, owing to its comparative
shortness.
The mining pipe and hose of Shaffer <fc
Garibaldi, on the hillside north of town, were
filled up solid with sand, and one of their
ditches filled up and the other out away, so
that this storm will do them no good, besides
damaging them to a considerable extent other-
wise.
Some of the pipe of the Green Mountain
Company is reported to bo seen at the mouth
of Sing oauon. We believe they have not yet
found their "monitor." This is a rough deal
for the boys.
TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
Golden Gate. — Tuolumne Jndependent, Jan.
22: The Golden Gate mine looks better than
ever since being opened. They have come
upon a large body of rich sulphuret ore which
goes $1,6*00 per ton. The mill saves about 20
buckets per day, weighing 50 pounds each, ma-
king one-half ton besides free gold.
The Marks & Darrow is going ahead very
fast in sinking their shaft, in consequence
miners are opening their eyes, and locating
and re-locating in the vicinity with intent to
work the same systematically.
The Alabama. — This mine is near the Raw-
hide, abutting Table mountain, and was owned
and worked to a profit four years ago by a man
named Reese. He was killed, and the mine
has remained idle until lately, when it passed
into the hands of a San Francisco company,
and work has now commenced to properly de-
velope the property, with very encouraging in-
dications. An open cut has been ran along the
vein, and sinking has commenced. The pay
shute is 300 feet long and 100 feet wide, full of
rich threads, and the object is to sink down and
find the point of concentration. A new water
wheel is being constructed and the mill is being
re-erected. The mine has always paid expen-
ses and over, and when system and skill is ap-
plied, and depth attained, the Alabama will
take a high position. Mr. Douglas lirowue is
Superintendent, and is fully alive to the inter-
ests of the company, being opposed to erecting
costly improvements uutil he is thoroughly sat-
isfied the mine will justify the outlay. He is
right. Economy and skill should go hand in
hand in developing a mine. The reverse sys-
tem has done more injury to the quartz min-
ing interest of this county than all other
causes combined. The value of our most
prominent mines of to-day has been proved
and their reputation established, by Superin-
tendents who have adopted the system indi-
cated, and who have a desire rather to man-
age their mines as scientific and business men,
than to create an excitement by making a
splurge and wasting the means of stockhold-
ers in a sham "energy" which leads to rnin
and abandonment of valuable property.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Sierra Nevada.— Gold Hill .tfeu>s( Jan. 21:
Sinking the new shaft is making good head-
way, the rock in the bottom blasting out finely.
The flow of water is gradually decreasing, and
the pump now handles it with ease.
Dayton. — The ore in the face of the main
south drift at the third station level is showing
a decided improvement. The south drift on
the second level is also improving. The ore
breasts are all looking well and yielding the
usual amount of good milling ore.
Chollab-Potosi. — The heavy snows having
stopped the hauling of ore to the mills, the
dumps have all been filled and the extraction of
ore suspended until the roads are again cleared.
Utah. — The face of the south cross-cut, on
the 400-ft level, is still in a mixture of quartz,
porphyry and clay of a very promising charac-
ter.
Cons. Virginia.— Daily yield, 420 tons of
ore. The ore breasts on the 1200, 1300, 1400
and 1500-ft levels are all yielding splendidly.
The ore breasts on the 1300 and HOO-ft levels
are extended both north and south, and are of
an increased richness. The ore body on the
1100-ft level, which has heretofore been
neglected in the haste to prospect the ore devel-
opments downward, is now being opened out,
and is proving much better than was expected.
A large number of men are now employed in
the development of that portion of the mine.
Cross-cut No. 1, east, on the 1500-ft level, is in
350 feet, the face still in the richest quality of
sulphuret and chloride ores. Cross-cut No. 2,
on the California line, is also in the same im-
mensely rich ore. The face of the main north
drift on the 1555-ft level, is still, if possible, in
richer ore than ever. This drift is now 50 feet
into the California ground, having passed the
entire distance through a solid body of rich
sulphuret ore, intermixed with stephanite and
native silver. The east cross-cut from this
drift 200 feet south of the north line is still
pushed vigorously ahead, the face still in the
same magnificently rich- ore as that found on
the levels above. The new mill is running
steadily on ore from the mine, and every new
prospecting drift run seems only to increase
the already fabulous amount of wealth devel-
oped.
70
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 30, 1875
The Richmond Mine.
A Large Body of Ore.
It is generally known that during the ad-
ministration of the present managing director
of the Richmond mining company, at Eureka,
no visitors were allowed access to the mine,
and although rumors of important strikes and
rich discoveries have at times been circulated,
no positive evidence as to the truth could be
given, as the rules concerning visitors were rig-
idly enforced. At tbe last annual meeting of
the direotors of the company, the chairman, in
the course of his remarks, gave a description
of the progress made in the mine, which for
the benefit of our readers, we reproduce from
the London Mining World:
When the present managing director first ar-
rived at the works, in June last, he found that
the works of exploration had been most unac-
countably stopped; that they had been driving
on in a straight line, through a body of very
poor ore without testing it, right or left, as
usually had been done. It so happened, for
the second or third time in the history of the
mine, that the lode, which usually dipped at
about an angle of 60 degrees, had lifted itself
up and gone horizontally. They drove through
this horizontal stratum of irony ore and found
it too poor to work; it was practically of little
value, and it was supposed by some that we
had come to the end of the Richmond mine;
that we had run into valueless stuff, and should
not find any more worth taking away. We had
met with just the same accident before — that
is, the lode had lifted horizontally and been
running partially through this irony ore, which
frequently accompanies ores like ours.
As soon as Mr. Probert took charge of the
mine, drifts were run in, above and below, side-
ways and underways, and immediately rich
bodies of ore at the left and above were struck.
The poor ore h d given rise to a rumor of
collapse, instead of which we had found a large
body of good ore, forty feet thick, extending
over the whole of it.
Sinking on the lode began immediately; it
resumed its normal dip, and as the sinking pro-
gressed the pipe of ore increased in width. The
very mass of ore which was supposed to be so
poor contained, at a rough estimate, 100,000
tons from which deducting the irony portion,
leaves 60,000 tons, which is held as a reserve.
At one point, before reaching this low level,
thin streaks of ore had been observed coming
in. This was another promising feature, and a
force of men were put on to explore the spot.
In less than three weeks the developments ex-
tended down 50 feet. Beginniug in narrow
streaks, at 70 feet they opened out in a ledge 16
feet in width, and at last accounts the develop-
ments were being continued with the most sat-
isfactory results, carying the same breast of
ore, and from which is being daily taken oat 40
tons of splendid carbonates.
The continuation of the exploratory works
were commenced right and left, further discov-
eries were made and the language of the Su-
perintendent best expresses the extent of the
vast ore body: * 'There is ore in every direction
I come to." At the bottom of the great hoist-
ing shaft, which was sunk a long way beyond
the inclines, a drift of one hundred feet had
been run, and in sinking a winze 50 feet down
a body of ore was struck which was thought to
be too good to be in the Richmond lode. A
splendid lot of carbonates was opened; at tbe
depth of 70 feet the ledge was 30 feet wide, and
they have raised upon it and it is forty feet
above, and there they still find it; and the last
report from the managing director is to the ef-
feot that it is unquestionably the Richmond
lode, discovered 300 or 400 feet beyond the
point at which it had previously been traced
down. The ores at this depth assays ©100 a
ton and proves the correctness of the theory,
that as a mine gains in depth it inoreases in
richness.
The chairman of the meeting stated that the
full information in regard to the mine would
not be publish- d for the reason that it was not
deemed advisable to do so, or to let the exact
direction of the works be known to the public,
because it must have to be known to the other
side, in which case there might be trouble with
"jumpers" who might have gone ahead of the
company, and if they had not got positive in-
dications might have attempted to anticipate.
Exceedingly Rich. — The new mill of the
Consolidated Virginia company is now run-
ning on ore from the bonanza. The ore is
working kindly and is proving immensely rich.
Where a change of pulp is placed in the pans
the quicksilver at once begins to thicken with
the silver it is taking up. The richness of the
ore necessitates very frequent straining of the
quicksilver. Only a portion of the mill is run-
ning as yet, but it is already seen that the fa-
cilities for retorting the amalgum must be en-
larged fully two thirds when the whole mill
goes into operation. Millmen who have been
watching the working of the ore say that it is
going to pay at the rate of $300 per ton — En-
terprise.
The hydraulic works at the Yellow Jacket)
quicksilver mines are in full operation. Mr.
Stuart is superintending the matter in person.
The dirt is washed by means of an immense
pressure and a "Little Giant" into a ground
sluice, and from thence through riffle boxes.
Mr." Cross, the local superintendent, confident-
ly expects to -concentrate the fine cinnabar to
an average of two per cent.
The Denver smelting works, Colorado, are
for sale.
Miners' Chances.
The Virginia Chronicle says: "If absence of
care is happiness the population of Virginia
City ought to be the happiest in the world.
There is a feeling of independence here scarcely
ever experienced elsewhere, and a freedom
from the artificial trammels of society whioh in
older communities are based on wealth, birth
and pobition. In other words, every man is a
man in his boots. Many of the miners a:e
worth from $5,000 to $50,000, and work for oc-
cupation rather than from necessity. When
they are engaged in a mine, they are always on
the lookout for developments, of which they
are quick to take advantage. They have friends
in other mines with whom they compare notes,
and they often in this manner succeed in accu-
mulating large fortunes. The recent discover-
ies at the north end of the Comstook were
known to the miners long before the public
were made acquainted with the existence of the
bonanza, and many of them realized hand-
somely from the rise in stock. In most other
communities a working man has no means of
getiug rich, except from the proceeds of his
own labor. It is a dead open and shut with
him, and a fortune is so difficult to acquire that
an undue respeci is paid to the possessor of
money. Here everybody is a speculator, in
fact. There are out few who do noi own stock
in some mine, which they hope will turn oXc
well, and they do not know what movuing they
may get up and find themselves rich. Their
daily labor is very well as far as it goes, but
the ground upon which they base their expect-
ations is their shocks. The late developments,
and the assured prosperity of the country fo-:
years to come, with the hope of new discover-
ies, has strengthened this feeling, and it is bard
to find anywhere a more hopeful, sanguine and
independent population than that of Virginia
City."
Conyon
Colobado Gbavel Mines. — The
City (Col) Times learns that extensive plans
are being laid for systematic mining in Cali-
fornia guloh the coming season. The Oro
ditch and mining company have completed a
large ditch from the Arkansas river to Iowa and
California gulches, and a large force of men
will be put on in the spring. A Mr. Wells has
constructed a ditch from which water can be
obtained for working the immense gravel de-
posit on the summit of Printer Boy mountain.
The Times' account adds that upwards of a ton
of gold has already been extracted from the
Printer Boy lode, and appearances indicate an
increasing yield in the future.
The Gold Hill Chasm. — The crack or fissure
in the ground situated a short distance east of
Gold Hill is still opening out laterally and lon-
gitudinally. Starting from a point a short dis-
tance north of Fort Homestead it has already
extended a distance of half a mile in a south-
easterly direction. The ground on the west
side of the fissure has settled about two feet.
The phenomenon is accounted for in various
ways, some being under the impression that
the ground in that locality has cracked open
from being undermined, others claim that the
chasm was occasioned by an earthquake —
Virginia Enterprise.
Isaac Long has shown the Healdsburg Flag
specimens of bituminous coal from a deposit
found on his farm, four miles and a half above
Healdsburg. There are many narrow veins
within a width of twenty-five feet, but the
ground has not been prospected enough to in-
dicate the extent of the deposit. The coal is
of inferior quality, though it burns with a
bright flame when put into a hot fire, and it
may be the croppings of a valuable coal bed.
Mill at Ttbo. — From Mr. Trowbridge, who
arrived in town last Saturday, we learn that the
Tybo consolidated mining company has pur-
chased the Highland 20-stamp mill, of Pioche.
Part of the machinery is already on the ground
and laborers are at work grading a site for the
building. The company owns several mines
which will yield nothing but milling ore, and
about two thirds of the ore from the 2 G mine
is of that character. — Eureka Sentinel.
Naval Machinists.
The following recent order from the Navy
Department will probably be of interest to
many of our readers:
Navy Depabtment, )
Washington, November 17, 1874. f
A oandidate for the position of Machinist,
Boiler maker, or Coppersmith, must not be less
than twenty nor more tnan forty years of age.
He must pass an examination in the pres-
ence of the Commanding Officer of tbe rendez-
vous, by at least one Naval Engineer, as to his
qualifications as a Machinist, Boiler maker, or
Coppersmith, and must also undergo the usual
medical examination touohing his physical fit-
ness for the Naval service.
He must be able to read, and to write with
sufficient correctness to keep the steam log of
his watch. He must know the names of the
various parts of a marine engine; understand
the uses and management of the various
gauges, cooks and valves; how to raise steam,
start a marine engine, regulate its action and
modify its action.
He must know how to ascertain the height
and density of the water in the boilers, how to
cheok foaming, and to guard ag unst other dan-
ger from the boiler; how and when to regulate
the quantity of the injection water, to guard
against danger from water in the cylinders, and
the measures to be taken in the event of a jour-
nal becoming heated; and, in short, how to act
upon tbe occurreuce of any of the ordinary
casualities of the engine room.
He must understand how to do the ordinary
overhauling and repairing of steam machinery,
the packing of the various joints and rods, tbe
grinding in of valves, putting on hard and soft
patches, taking out, putting in and plugging
tubes, and all other similar work required in
the management of marine steam engines.
Tbe monthly pay of a Machinist will be $75;
of a Boiler maker, $40; and of a Coppersmith,
$40; besides the usual ration, and exclusive of
the $1.50 per month added to the pay of all
enlisted men by the President's order of July
1, 1870.
Five machinists will be allowed to first rates,
and four to second and third rate steamships
in commission for sea servioe.
Boiler makers and coppersmiths will not be
examined, exoept as to their qualifications as
boiler makers and coppersmiths.
One boiler maker and one coppersmith, if
obtainable, will be allowed to each first, second
and third rate steamships in commission for
sea service. They will be required to keep
watch in the engine-room or fire-room while
the ship is steaming, and at other times, as
may be requisite, and will thus be enabled to
make themselves proficient for the rate of ma-
chinists.
Machinists, coppersmiths and boiler makers
will mess with the master-at-arms.
Geobge M. Kobeson, Secretary of the Navy.
The South Yuba canal company, says the
Nevada Transcript, are running a tunnel, about
1,200 feet long, under the hill beyond the Man-
zanita mine, for the purpose of conveying the
water of the Snow mountain ditch through it
to the town and adjacent mines. The work
was considered necessary from the fact that
the Manzanita company have washed away the
hill nearly up to where the present ditch runs,
and there is a liability of there being a cave
which will carry away the ditch at any time,
and shut off, not only the mine, but the town
from water. The tunnel is eight feet wide and
six feet high. Men are at work on both ends,
and they have about 650 feet completed. The
tunnel was commenced in October, and will be
completed in about two months more.
The Inyo Independent learns that the Cerro
Gordo Water company's pipes have bursted,
from the effects of frost. In consequence of
this misfortune the furnace will have to be
shut down for a short time, if not for the re-
mainder of the winter. Since the acoident, wa-
ter for domestic purposes is being packed in
upon pack animals. ,
Engines fob The Riveb Mills. — In case of
no snow falling in the Sierras this winter to
furnish water for driving the mills on the Car-
son river, steam engines will be set up in them.
For the largest among them, as the Eureka and
others, condensing engines, similar to that
now running in the big mill of the Consoli-
dated Virginia company, will be used. It will
be cheaper to put up engines here than to lose
a singla month's run of the mills.
Our Iron Mines and Lincoln Coal.
If iron can be freighted from Shasta county,
coal from Lincoln and limestone from Auburn
to Sacramento and then smelted, and pig iron I
produced at a cost of $24 75 per ton as esti- 1
mated by the Post, thus supplying the Califor- 1
nia market with this great staple at less than
half the present rates — for it costs at least $15
a ton to freight iron here from the East— all|
will agree that the gain to California will be
great. Two and a half millions saved net, or
five millions of a gross saving yearly to Califor-
nia industry is a desideratum devoutly to be-
sought Now while we are hardly prepared to
accept the figures of the Post, for they are
based on assumed freight rates for Shasta ore •
and limestone, which we do not believe can be
obtained, we do believe that a splendid article of
pig iron can be laid on the shipping wharf at
Sacramento foT less than $25 per ton.
In the first number of the Tidings issued.}
a little over a year ago, we took occasion to call'
attention to our foot-hill iron ore deposits and '1
made the assertion that by erecting furnaces at
or near some of these great deposits, say those
ten or fifteen miles below this town and near the
Placer county line, pig iron could be made at a
cost not to exceed $20 per ton. This was before
the discovery of the Lincoln coal fields and
baied on the use of oharcoal. If Lincoln coal]
should prove as well adapted to smelting as it '
is now thought it will, pig iron may be turned
out at the furnace for $15 or less per ton.
It has been a favorite idea of ours ever sinoe;
the discovery of Lincoln coal, and henoe what
we have published in reference thereto has gen-
erally been in the local department, that that
coal field and our iron fields or deposits were!
destined some day to be brought together and I
produce astonishing results. If the two great';"1
crude products iron ore and coal, and the lesser
one lime stone, should not be found more closly
contiguous than they have already shown
themselves in inexhaustible quantities along
the lower line of our county and Lincoln— and
they are not likely to be so far as can be judged
by a glanoe at the lay of the land in California
— rolled iron can be produced after uniting
these two points by rail— always supposing this
coal to be what is claimed for it, as good as?
charcoal for smelting and forging — cheaper than j
anywhere else on the coast, and perhaps in the I
world.
Figure the cost of a railroad from Lincoln to.
Bear river, then of smelting works at the up-^
per and rolling mills at the lower end of this I
road — as it takes two tons of ore, two of coats
and half a ton of limestone to make the ton of -■!
pig iron, the coal had better be taken to the ore <
aud lime and load back with pigs; then place "1
the cost of mining and delivering the orej
and limestone in the furnace at $2 per ton, and
the cost of the coal in the car at Lincoln at the
same, and these rates will be borne out in prac-
tice if the furnace is put at the right point and '■
see what the oost will be for rolled iron. — Foot--
hill Tidings.
Black Jack. — A correspondent of the Salt ;
Lake Tribune writing from Black canyon says: :
The developments in the camp have not been t
so extensive as they would have been, if we had 1
any facilities for reducing our ores. The ores' :
consist mostly of chlorides and snlphurets of '.
silver, carrying some gold, and are classed"-;
among the best milling ores in the territory ; ;
and I assure you, that if some capitalists would I
erect a ten or twenty stamp mill, for custom-,,
work, in the vicinity of this camp, say, at or
near the Jordan river, or at Sandy station, ;
they would be amply rewarded for their enter-
prise, from the profits arising therefrom. It is
to be hoped that some one in possession of
means enough, will embrace the opportunity' -
yet open, at an early day, and erect suitable
machinery in the way of a stamp mill for the
reduction of these ores, and when once accom-
plished, I unhesitatingly say, that this camp
will furnish as much of the precious metals as
any camp in "Utah, and will encourage the open-
ing of other mines which have been idle for
some time.
Mill. — The Black Warrior mining company,
near Wadsworth, are preparing for a mill, which
they expect to erect on their mill site during
the next sixty days. Considerable interest is
felt by our Wadsworth friends in the Black
Warrior mine, and six new claims have been
located during the past week in that vicinity.
— Reno Journal.
Rough on the Agents. — The Arizona Miner
says: Show specimens of Arizona quartz to the
heathens of New Jersey and other foreign
countries, but don't, oh, don't show your ledge
to an Indian agent, or he'll be sure to have it
taken into a reservation.
A good deal of attention is attracted lately to
the new mining camp called the Lewis district.
It is thirteen miles, in a southerly direction,
from Battle mountain.
Abeangements have been made by the com-
pany recently organized at Winnemucca to
work the Antelope and Mountain Sheep ledges,
in Piute Queen district. An outfit will start
for the mines, with tools and provisions, as
soon as the weather will permit.
The South mountain people are making
preparations to smelt and ship 30,000 pounds
of bullion daily, next spring and summer. They
have the ore to do it with in sight, and are put-
ting up more furnaces.
The men in the Savage mine hive made up
a purse of $385 for the widow of John Kelty,
killed in the mine last month.
Potteb valley, Mendocino county, is having
its Bhare of mining excitement. Prospecting
for silver is lively.
The mines in Rye Patch are said to be look-
ing better than ever, and the prospects for a
flourishing season are extremely good.
Fbom the 1st of January to the 1st of October,
1874, 1,624 miners, bound to Cassiar, landed at
Fort Wrangle.
The Eureka furnaces have produced, in the
last two weeks, 541,805 pounds of bullion.
The TJkiah mining district, Mendocino
county, was organized on the 7th inst., S.
Wertumberg was chosen Recorder.
Nevada Coal Mines. — The Virginia ChronicU
says: "The Virginia Coal Company, whose
property is situated in El Dorado canon, about
eight miles from Dayton, are developing their
mine as quickly as possible. They have a large
bed of coal in sight, and are at present engaged'!
in putting in cages, preparatory to taking it out
for the market. A new superintendent, who is
an old coal miner, and has had an enlarged ex-
perience, has been appointed. The company
expect to commence furnishing coal in quanti-
ties to suit in a few weeks. It has been sub-
mitted to trial, and is found to be a splendid
article of fuel for ordinary purposes. The bed
is of sufficient extent to supply the demand in
this city, and if the enterprise turns out as
there is every reason to expect, the property
will prove of great value to the owners."
Winnemucca mountain is getting the most
tremendous scratching these days that an old
gray hill ever underwent. Prospecting parties
are starting out from town every day, and-
hardly one comes in without reporting a good
strike. Uncle John Robins and Bill Powers
struck a twelve foot ledge Monday, full of some
sort of mineral. — Humboldt Register.
The Fiske lode at Central, Colorado, yielded
during the year 1874, in bulb'on, $44,94199.
The product has increased from month to
month. The yield of the first eight months
was $22,349.96. In November it was $6,737.69,
and inDecember, $9,595.86.
January 30, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
71
Qood HEV-TH«
Consumption of the Lungs.
Editors Pbkss: — The more important labor
of revitalization of the blood, taking place in
the lungs— if that organ be implicated — it is
essential to recuperation that no unnecessary
labor be given it. Therefore the air inhaled
should be pure, and the food that is n<ted, also;
consequently bat few localities are well adapted
to the recovery of persons afflicted with any
predisposition to diseases of the liver or lungs.
Breathing being both mechanical and chemical
in its operation, pnd the force required being a
draft on the vitality, all methods must be con-
trived to husband that force. The first step is
to place the sufferer in proper climatic sur-
roundings, which should be an altitude of from
1,200 to 1,500 feet above &ea level, with the
temperature as near 70 degrees (Fahrenheit) as
fnucticable. The hygrometer should indicate
ess than an average of moisture. These con-
ditions attained, the next in importance is the
food. Partial indigestion usually preceding,
the stomach must be attended to. Most of the
mistakes in nutriment begin in the mouth.
To have digestion, thorough mastication is an
absolute n^ces-ity, and the food mast be
selected with a view to compel the performance
of that operation. Parched grain, or hard
bread, made from the wh^le of the grain is
pood; vegetables and fruit next, as containing
the reauired moisture.
Thecorrosive qualities of fuel differ widely
in eiving a stated or definite amount of p'jwer
to the engineer, so with the fond in toe human
locomotive, and hence it should be chosen with
this fact in view. Those classes of foods which
rapidly decompose when introduced into the
stomach should be avoided. Among these are
milk, beer, wine, etc. Grapes are excellent
diet for the consumptive, as they contain all
the elements required to form good limpid
blood. Thi* quantity of limpidity is as essen-
tial &* a fr-edom from the ex 'ess of carbon in
the blood, when it enters the lungs, thus light-
ening the labor of the weakened organ. The
operation carried on may be lik-ned to that of
generating po.ver in a furnace, the throat and
lungs answering to the furnace; hence if there
be a d*-f -ct in tbe furnace the whole operation
must be governed with a view to lessen the
wear and tear until such time as the grate bars
can be renewed. The custom of administering;
oils and alcoholic liquors in this class of dis-
eases can only be likened to nsing coal oil or
turpentine to extinguish a fire. By living in
the open air. where that air is naturally pure
and free from excessive moisture, by the use of
electricity passed by moist sponges through the
relaxed portions of the body; by the sun bath
and by general cleanings, the. disease can be
arrested in nearly every stage — s'ill much
depends upon the skill of ths manipulator. All
that it is required to know to treat successfully
this usually fatal malady can be gathered from
the above. F. M. Shaw,
Los Angeles, January 1, 1875.
Impurities in the Atmosphere. — Few per-
sons are aware of the large amount of dust,
fibrous substances, etc., that are constantly
floating in tbe atmosphere, aside from the dele-
terious gases also present. Tbe air which ven-
tilates the English House of Parliament passes
through filters of cotton. The appearance of
the filters after having been used is startling,
indeed; they are of a heavy, murky brown
color, thick with dust and organic impurities.
The sieves through which the air is first passed
have also deposited near them quite a heap of
larger intercepted particles. By allowing a
sunbeam to enter a slightly darkened room, no
matter how free we strive to keep it from dust,
we shall always find the path of the beam
illuminated with an infinitude of floating par-
ticles of organic matter. If we could see the
impurities in the air we are constantly breath-
ing as clearly as we see them in the path of a
sunbeam through a darkened room, we should
utterly revolt at being compelled to breath such
an atmosphere. The air of our various manu-
factories and our machine shops, with the ven-
tilation usually given them, is really unfit for
a human being to take into his lungs. Careful
examination has proved that the air in our
railroad cars, as we go whirling along the
track, is filled with invisible particles of iron
and wood, to say nothing of other matters, to
an extent which seems almost incredible. A
better system of ventilation is one of tbe moBt
important needs of the day.
The Heat of the Body. — In olden times,
when a physician wished to determine the char-
acter of a disease, he had to rely on his sense
of touch to tell whether his patient was fever-
ish or not; if the physician's hand was hot,
then his patient felt but moderately warm; but,
if it happened that his hand was cold, then a
moderately warm patienc Beemed to be hot and
feverish. This difiiculty is now quite solved by
the use of a thermometer. The heat of the
human body is about 98 degrees Fahr,, and, by
placing under the armpit the bulb of one of
these instruments, it is readily seen whethe :
the temperature of the body is higher than that.
It has been suggested that if mothers were to
use the instrument, much anxiety might be
saved, for, if it indicated a temperature higher
than normal, then the medical man's aid might
be very fitly sought, while, if it showed no ex-
cess, unnecessary fears would be allayed.
Risks His Life on His Faith — Profe3sor
White, a champion swimmer, recently con*
Sited to drown himself, in oider that his
theory of resuscitation might be tested for the
benefit of (he London Humane Society, who
were present to witness the experiment. After
laying down certain rule-i for holding a drown-
ing p-r-on in the water, he plunged into the
river — the Serpentine, probably in Hyde Park
and remained long enough under water to be
pariitdly drowned. His son then div^d after him
and brought him to the surface in an apparently
lifeless condition, adt-ering strictly to the
principle-, laid down by bis parent. The breath-
less bjdy was then turned over to o.ie of the
Humane Society's officers and put through the
conrse of treatment recommended. The soci-
ety had the satisfac'ion of seeing Mr. White
revive, and in a short timo return t > tbe water
without apparent unpleasant cousequences.
thus proving his theory by illustration at the
risk of death.
Something New for the Sick Boom — Under
the name of pulmonic candles, Field & Co.,
English chandlers, have introduced can-
dles continuing in their substance some
of those gum resins, and balsam*, es-
pecially benzoin and storax, which from
time immemorial have proved useful in chronic
bronohitis and allied maladies. When burnt,
the candles yield by the combustion of these
drugs, a pleasing fragrance, and at ihe same
time, give a good light. Candles are not much
used in this country, but the idea might be
adapted by the medication of keroseue. The
aromatic odor alone would be an improvement
of the fragrant combustible.
Diabetic Bread. — M. Dannecy proposes the
use of bread made from roasted flour for dia-
betic patients, instead of gluten biscuit. He
asserts ihat roasted starch cannot be converted
into glucose, and that bread made out of the
various farina* so torrefied is greedily eaten by
patients who have be*n restricted to the ordi-
nary preparation of gluten until they have
become thoroughly disgosted. Moreover, un-
der its use the thirst lessens, and the digestive
derangements are remarkably ameliorated.
UsEfdL IflfOFyfl^TION.
"What Becomes of Old Leather. — In addi-
tion to the answers given to this question in
previous issues, we now add an improved pro-
cess of utilization, invented in France and
Denmark. At the late exhibition in Vienna,
leather was shown suitable for heels, toe-caps,
and inner soles prepared from leather clippings,
by siiuplv mixing them with some adhesive
substance, forming the mass into rectangular
plates on top of each other, subjecting them to
hydraulic pressure, and then drvingand rolling
them. This article was restricted in use be-
cause it could not withstand moisture. A Co-
penhagen firm, however, exhibited for the first
time an article made upon an entirely differ-
ent plan. The leather scraps were first con-
verted, in a suitable machine, into a sort of
leather wool, which was mixed with caoutchouc
and different chemical reagent s, kneaded by
machinery into a thick pasty mass, and then
formed in metal molds, and dried and subjected
to a gradually increasing pressure until it w.is
finished under 6,000 to 10,000 pounds to the
square inch. The appearance of leather is im-
parted to it by a light coating. Articles manu-
factured from this material are said to be 50
per cent, cheaper than those made from leather,
and oan be made in the same manner, while at
the same time they are perfeotly water-proof.
It consists of about 41 per cent, of caoutchouc
and 60 per cent, of leather.
Fob Cementing Ibon-Railing Tops, Etc.—
A correspondent of the English Mechanic states
that ho has found th- following composition
completely successful for cementing iron-railing
tops, iron gratings to stoves and other similar
applications, and with such effect as to resist
the blows of the sledge-hammer, namely:
Equal parts of snlphur and white lead with
about a sixth of borax, these being thoroughly
incorporated together so as to form one ho-
mogeneous mass. In applying this substance
to either of the purposes named it is moistened
with strong sulphuric acid, and a thin layer of
it placed between the two pieces of imn, and
these are then firmly pressed together lo form
a perfect union. In about five days it becomes
perfectly dry, all traces of the cementing com-
pound having vanished, and the iron exhibits
the appearance simply of having been welded
together. ^^
An absolutely indelible ink— one that cannot
be removed for the purpose of substitution — is
a desideratum greatly needed. Galignani states
that the French Stamp office has just purchased
a secret of the composition of such an ink, and
which resists the strength of all know reagents.
Owing to that discovery, if is thought that it
will bo able to put an end to the numerous
frauds which are constantly committed to the
prejudice of the Treasury, and which consist in
restoring to stamped paper already used, its
original purity. The annual loss to the rev-
enue on that head is calculated at 600,000f. in
the Department of the Seine alone.
Softening Files..— Cover them with oil and
hold them over the fire till the oil blazes; as
soon as the flame runs all over the file, plunge
it in water; or put them in a moderate hot oven
for half an hour, if large files; but, if small, the
first plan is the best.
The Delusion of Smell. — The sense of
smell, like the others, has its aberrations and
hallucinations. The delusions of smell are
hardly ever isolated; they accompany those of
hearing, sight, taste and touch, and are also
>e<s frequent than the latter. Insane people
who are affected by them complain of being
haunted by feted em.inrtions, or congratulate
themselves on inhaling the most delicious per-
fumes. Lelnt mentious the case of a woman,
au inmate of La Salpetrier, who fancied that
she constautly perceived a frightful stenoh pro-
ceeding from the decay of bodies she imagined
buried in the courts of the institution. Impres-
sious of the kind are usually very annoying.
Bierre de Beismont relates the account of a
woman, affected by disorder of her senses.
Whenever she saw a well dressed lady passing
she smelt the odor of musk, which was intoler-
able to her. If it were a man, she was distress-
ingly affected by the smell of tobacco, though
Bhe was quite awre that these scents ex-
existed on y in ber imagination. Capelini
mentions that a woman who declared that sh i
could not bear the smell of a rose, was quite ill
when one of ber friends came in wearing one,
though the unlucky flower was only artificial
Suoh facts might be multiplied, but as they are
all alike, it is not worth while to mention them.
The latest observations made iu insane asylums
— among others those of M. Prevost, at La
Salpetriere— have shown also that delusions
and perversions of the sense of smell are more
common than had hitherto been supposed
among such invalids, and that if they usually
pass unnoticed, it arises from the fact that
nothing spontaneous denotes their existence. —
Popular Science Monthly.
Eaiilt Use of Coal.— A contemporary says:
Coal is not, as is generally imagined, a modern
form of fuel. The Chinese, forerunners iu most
disooveries, knew its value centuries ago. It is
known to have been in use in the days of Julius
Csesar and the Roman Empire, and from the
twelfth century to the present day the trade in
coal has undergone progressive development.
As long ago as Edward the Sixth's reign, to-
ward the middle of the sixteenth century, coal
was shipped from England to France, a letter
of that date speaks of "that thinge that France
oan lyve no more without, than the fyshe with-
out water; that is to say, Newecastele coles;
which without that they can nother make steel
worke nor metail worke, nor wyre worke, nor
goldsmythe worke, nor gonnes, nor no mannor
of things that passeth the fier."
To Pbevent Robber Shoes fbom Looking
Dingy.— This is a difficnlt thing to accomplish
in any other way than by a daily application of
means for removing the dirt. The action of
sun, heat, dirt and water, attaoking the coating
of rubber, and impair its coloring matter. Heat
softens the rubber to a certain extent, andalltws
the dust to fix itself not only on but in the rub
ber. The dust particles, to whatever extent
they are present, contribute a dingy appear-
ance, which cannot be permanently removed
"We know of no better plan than to wash the
top frequently with warm water and castile
soap; after which rub the top with a flannel rag
moistened with sweet oil, going over the top a
second time with a dry rag in order to remove
the oil. The remedy is only a temporary one,
and therefore must be repeated whenever the
rubber is soiled.
Purifying Linseed Oil. — It is requisite that
artists should have the linseed oil they use per-
fectly colorless, or otherwise they would spoil
the more delicate tints. To purify it is ex-
tremely easy. Even putting a bottle in the sun
for some days will accpmplish the object; bnt
as this process is somewhat tedious, it is better
to put in a 2 oz. vial, three-quarters full of
good common linseed oil, a piece of whiting as
big as a nut, previously powdered, and shake
them together and put the vial in an oven. In
two days, and sometimes in a few hours, the
whiting will have carried down to the bottom
all color and impurity, and the refined oil float-
ing at the top may be poured off for use.
Regulating a Coal Stove.— Never fill a
stove more than half or two-thirds full of coal,
even in the coldest weather. When the Are is
low, never shake the grate or disturb the ashes,
bnt add from ten to fifteen bunches of coal and
turn the draft on. When these are heated
through and somewhat ignited, add the amount
necessary for a new fire, but do not disturb the
ashes yet. Let the draft be open a half an
hour. Then shake out the ashes. The coal
has thoroughly ignited and will keep the stove
at a high heat from six to twelve hours, ac-
cording to the coldness of the weather. In
very cold weather after the fire is made, add
coal every hour.— Coo! Gazette.
Glue.— Glue loses much of its strength by
being often melted; that glue, therefore, whioh
is newly made is much preferable to that which
has been used. When done with, add some of
the boiling water from the outer vessel to the
glue, so as to make it too thin for use. Put it
away till wanted again, and by the time the
water in the outer vessel is boiled, the glue in
the inner is ready melted, and the proper
thickness for use. Powdered chalk, brickdust,
or sawdust added to glue, will make it hold
with more than ordinary firmness.
The odor of a phial that has contained medi-
ioine may be removed by filling it with cold
water and letting it stand iu an airy place, un-
corked, for three days, changing the water
every day.
DopEspc EcofJopY-
The Products of Gelatine.
The interesting and singular fact appears
that millions of dollars cover tbe value of the
gelatine industry in this country, and this value
is said to be still greater in Europe. The pur-
est form of commercial gelatine is known as
isinglass, the best being prepared from the air-
bladders and sounds of three or four species of
sturgeon. These tissues are cleansed, dried
and scraped, forming what is termed leaf isin-
glass, or they are twisted into various forms
called long and short staple, or folded into
packages called book isinglass.
The Russian isinglass has always held the
highest rank iu the market, but its manufac-
ture is very simple. The swimming bladders
of the fish are first placed in hot water, care-
fully deprived of adhering blood, out open lon-
gitudinally and exposed to tbe air, with the in-
ner delicate, silvery membrane upw.ird; when
dried, this fine membrane is removed by beat-
ing and rubbing, and the swimming bladder is
then made into the forms desired.
Machinery is employed to cut isinglass into
the delicate filaments in which it is usually
sold. A solid gelatine, in thin plates and
strings, is manufactured in large quantities in
France, to answer the purpose of isinglass. The
best is transparent, and is prepared from the
gelatine of bones, by digestion in dilute hy-
drochloric acid and long boiling in water. It
is much cheaper than the first described article,
as well as decidedly inferior. The same may
be said of another variety, known as opaque
gelatine, which is prepared from the cuttings of
skins.
A. Good Bed. — A most soft, comfortable, and
wholesome filling for beds or for mattrasses,
oan be procured in most country places by get-
ting a farmer, when threshing to allow oat chaff
to be saved. It is soft, light and elastic and
when new and clean is very sweet. The cost is
very light, only the cost paid by the farmer for
the men saving and sifting it. As oat chaff is
rarely used for cattle food it is easily obtainable.
It is so very light that a Blighter kind of bed-
tick than is necessary for other kinds of filling
is quite sufficient for oat chaff. Another ad-
vantage is that it can be changed every year at
so little cost that it is within the reach of many
if not all. For childrens' beds it is perfectly
satisfactory. It is only necessary to keep a
sack or two stuffed full of oat chaff in a dry
place, and then new and fresh filling is at hand
to make a sweet bed whatever aceident may
have befallen the cot mattrass. Next to the
chaff is clean oat straw for bedding. Indeed,
we would make this our first choice, after the
more cleanly mat for all adults. It should be
changed frequently and always be kept sweet
ana clean.
Glycerine foe Preserving Fruit. — We
learn through a German journal, says the Jour-
nal of Applied Chemistry, that in order to pre-
serve fresh fruits it is only necessary to heat
them, if not perfectly ripe, in water almost to
boiling, drain nearly dry and cover with warm,
concentrated glycerine. If the fruit is perfectly
ripe heating the water is unnecessary. It is also
advised to pour off the glycerine after standing
for some time, and add fresh concentrated
glycerine on a water bath and use a seoond
time. Ordinary glycerine is often impure, but
only that which is perfeotly pure and colorless,
with a clean, sweet taste and a specific gravity
of 1.25 should be employed.
Viennese Meerschaum, — The product known
as Viennese Meerschaum is prepared by mix-
ing 100 parts silicate of soda with 60 parts of
carbonate of magnesia and 90 parts of the na-
tive meerschaum or pure allumnia. This mix-
ture is then pulverized with the greatest care,
and passed through a sieve of very fine silk or
horsehair; add water, and boil it for ten min-
utes; then pour the whole into moulds, placed
so that the water may separate easily.
Glue to Besist Fire.— The London Furni-
ture Gazette gives this recipe: Mix a handful of
quick lime in 4 oz. of linseed oil; boil to a good
thickness, then Bpread on plates in the shade
and it will become exceedingly hard, bat may
be easily dissolved over tbe fire, and used as
ordinary glue. It resists fire after being used
for gluing substances together.
Crayons for Drawing on Glass.— Melt to-
gether equal quantities of asphaltum and yel-
low wax; add lampblack, and pour the mix-
ture into moulds for orayons. The glass
should be well wiped with leather, and in draw-
ing be careful not to soil the glass with the fin-
gers. In trimming these crayons, the point
may easily be rendered very fine.
Oyster Omelet.— Whisk four eggs to a thick
froth, then add by degrees, one gill of cream;
beat them well together; season the egg with
pepper and salt to taste. Have ready one
dozen fine oysters; out them in half and pour
the egg into a pan of hot butter and drop the
oysters over it as early as possible. Fry a light
brown and serve hot.
Restoring Ivory.— Discolored ivory may be
restored to its original whiteness by cleaning it
with a paste, composed simply of burnt pum-
ice Btone and water. After cleansing, place the
article under the glass in the sun's rays.
72
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 30, 1875
W. B. EWEK Seniob Editoe.
lOEWEY & CO., "PTitxLisIiers.
i T. DEWEY, GEO. H. BTEOHG
W. B. EWEB, __^___ JNO. E. BOOME
Office, No. 324 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Advertising- Bates:
Advertising Kates.— 1 week. 1 moftcft. 3 mowfts. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.U0 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
One inch 1.50 4.00 12.00 40.00
P5an Francisco:
Saturday Morning. Jan. 30. 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL NEWS.—
Reduction of SilVer; Eoad and Fire locomotive;
Mining Bills in Congress, 65. New Almaden Mine;
Mining Decisions; Hydraulic Mining, 72- The Eve-
ning Post Party, 73. Gold; A Close Call; Danger
Feared; A Valuable Brick; Pensioners; A Black Day;
Alviso Railroad, 76.
ILLUSTRATIONS. — Traction Engine, or Road
and Feed Locomotive, 65. Economic Botany; Hy-
draulic Mining in California, 73.
CORRESPONDENCE. — Cherry Creek Mines,
66.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— The Unity of the
Universe; Disintegration of Glass; Another Explo-
sive— Ozohenzine; Respiration and Nutrition in
Plants; New Application for the Spectroscope; Pro-
tection Against Hail as -well as Lightning; Effect of
Flame on an Electric Spark; Is Hydrogen a Metal ?
Technical Schools; Astronomical Science, 67-
MEC HANICAL PROGRESS. -Economic Method
of Drying Foundry Molds; Metallic Floors; New and
WideCse ior Infusorial Earth; Coating Iron with
Copper; The Future of the Iron Trade; Producing a
Brown Color on Iron; Giving Iron Wire a Silver
White Appearance; Molecular Change iulron; Coating
Iron with Brass, 67*
MINING STOCK 1VLARKET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; NoticeB of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of Stock
Market for the Week, 68.
MINING SUMMARY from various counties in
California and Nevada, 69.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— What Becomes of
Old Leather; For Cementing Iron-Railing Tops, Etc.;
Softening Files; The Delusion of Smell; Early Use
of Coal; To Prevent Rubber Shoes from -Looking
Dingy; Purifying Linseed Oil; Regulating a Coal
Stove; Glue, 71.
GOOD HEALTH. — Consumption of the Lungs;
Impurities in the Atmosphere; The Heat of the Body;
Risks his Life on his Faith; Something New for the
Sick Room; Diabetic Bread, 71.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— The Products of Gela-
tine; A Good Bed; Glycerine for Preserving Fruit;
Viennese Meerschaum; Glue to Resist Fire; Crayons
for Drawing on Glass; Oyster Omelet; Restoring
Ivory, 71.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Fast Riding to Secure a Re-
location; Purchase; Sonoma County Mines; The
McGlew Furnace, 66. The Richmond Mine; Ex-
ceedingly Rich; Miners* Chances; Colorado Gravel
Mines; The Gold Hill Chasm; Mill at Tybo; Engines
for the River Mills; Rough on the Agents; Naval
Machinists; Our Iron Mines and Lincoln Coal; Black
Jack; Nevada Coal Mines, 70- San Francisco Iron
Works and the Bonanza; Quartz Jumping; Los An-
geles Cinnabar Mines; Property in the Mining Coun-
ties; Another Big Gravel Operation; The Shallowest
Draught Steamer in the World ; Chrome Iron Mines
in California, 74.
PRODUCTION OF QUICKSILVER AT NEW ALMADEN, FOR 22 YEARS AND THREE MONTHS.
Class
ihd Quantity of Oee.
Masks
from
Average
Per
Oentage,
True Per
Total
Flasks from
Flasks
Amount per
tage, in-
cluding aU
Cent, of ore
No. of
Wtlts.
Dates.
Grueso,
Grama,
Pounds.
Pounds.
^Pounds.
tyasitmgs.
Flasks.
Tizrras.
<£ Wngs.
July 1850 to June 1851
4,970,717
23,876
23,876
1,989)4
36.74
36.74
12
July 1851 to June 1852
4,643,290
19,921
19,921
1,660
32.82
32.82
12
July 1852 to June 1853
4,839,520
18,035
18,036
1,503
28.50
28.50
12
July 1853 to June 1854
7,448,000
26,325
26.325
2,193 ii
27.03
27.03
12
July 1854 to June 1855
9,109,300
31,860
31,860
2,655
26.75
26.75
12
July 1855 to June 1856
10,355,200
28,083
28,083
2,310ii
20.74
20.74
12
July 1856 to June 1857
10,299,900
26,002
26,002
2,167
19.31
19.31
12
July 1857 to June 1868
10,997,170
29,?47
29,347
2.445J4
20.41
20.41
12
July 1858 to Oct. 1858
3,873,085
10,688
10,588
2,647
20.91
20.91
4
Nov. 1858 to Jan. 1861
Closed
by Injunc
tion.
Feb. 1861 to Jan. 1862
13,323,200
32,402
2,363
34,765
2,897
19.96
18.64
12
Feb. 1862 to Jan. 1863
15,281,400
39,262
1,129
40,391
3,366
20.22 •
19.65
12
Feb. 1863 to Aug. 1863
7,172,660
17,316
2,248
19,564
2,795
20.86
18.46
7
Sep. 1863 to Oct. 1863
2,346,000
4,820
700
5,520
2,760
18.00
15.67
2
Nov. 1863 to Deo. 1863
54,800
1,586,500
718,000
2,359,300
4,040
407
4,447
2,223 H
18.65
3
17.52
2
Jan. 1864 to Dec. 1864
1,259,400
18,730,300
3,287,900
23,277,600
42,176
313
42,489
3,640%
13.96
3
15.64
12
Jan. 1865 to Dec. 1865
2,288,900
25,749,000
3,910,500
31,948,400
47,078
116
47,194
3,933
1130
3
12.42
12
Jan. 1866 to Dec. 1866
1,506,000
19,939,100
5,440,200
26,885,300
34,726
424
85,150
2,929
10.00
3 .
11.62
12
Jan. 1867 to Dec. 1867
731,500
15,689,288
9,603,145
26,023,933
23,990
471
24,461
2,038)4
7.19
3
9.42
12
Jan. 1868 to Dec. 1868
2,274,208
14,566,600
12,564,722
29,405,630
25,677
51
25,628
2,135%
6.66
2
10.12
12
Jan. 1869 to Dec. 1869
150,000
11,942,175
13,366,000
25,458,175
16,898
16,898
1,408
6.07
2
8.48
12
Jan. 1870 to Dec. 1870
30,000
12,531,900
8,535,800
21,097,700
14,423
14,423
1,202
5.23
2
7.42
12
Jan. 1871 to Dec. 1871
13,661,700
8,373,000
22,034,700
18,663
6
18,568
1,547 «
6.44
2
9.16
12
Jan. 1872 to Dec. 1872
142,000
12,777,000
8,497,600
21,416,600
18.391
183
18,574
1,548
6.63
2
9.57
12
Jan. 1873 to Dec. 1873
8,492,375
8,838,000.
17,330,375
11,042
11,042
920
4.87
2
7.86
12
Jan. 1874 to Dec. 1874
11,294,000
' 166,959,438
12,160,000
95,294,867
23,454,000
375,351,055-
8,867
613,607
127
8,537
9,804
582,954
817
2,183
2.96
11.88
1.62 %
2.38
4.39
1 14.80
12
8,436,808
267
from 1860 t(
;he Mines on
.asks; of 76)4 lbs. each,
or 45,787,162)4.
Total product of all
the Company's
Concentrating.
It is stated that a company of California
capitalists intend putting up works in the vicinity
of Helena, Montana, the joining season, and
will purchase and ship quartz. Perhaps if
some concentrating works were put up in dif-
ferent localities on this coast our bullion yield
would be larger. Many camps which ship ore
for reduction, paying enormous sums per ton,
can scarcely be kept running on account of
high freight charges. It costs no more to ship
rock worth $1,000 per ton than it does rock
worth $100 per ton. If ten tons could be con_
centrated into one, at half the cost of the
freight on a ton, it would pay then 50 per cent,
more than now.
We ship each year thousands of tons of ore
out of the country paying so much per ton
freight, a large percentage of which could be
saved to us, besides giving employment to
home workmen. In other countries much more
attention is given to concentration than here,
and with good results. We still go on ship-
ping hundreds of tons of worthless gangue, and
paying heavy freight on it, which could be
avoided by concentrating the ores before ship-
ping. The farmers ship the grain and throw
away the stalks; the miner ships the metal and
the dirt with it, paying an equal freight on both.
The circumstances are not exacly parallel, but
are similar enough for illustration.
"We truBt it will not be long before steps are
taken in the right direction in this matter of
concentration. Arizona, for instance, would
make a much better showing to-day if she had
commenced concentrating a few years ago.
She ships rich ores to this city which pay all
tbe heavy freights and a fair profit. "With ten
tons in one, or even five in one, the profits
would be much greater, as tbe fi*ight per ton
would be twice as heavy as the concentrating
expenses per ton. Not only Arizona, however,
but many places in our own and neighboring
States would do well to pay some little atten-
tion to this subject. We feel confident that in
a few years the subject will become even more
important than now.
Calistoga shipped 138 flasks of quicksilver
last weak.
The New Almaden Mine.
We give in the accompanying table a synopsis
of the result of operations at the New Almaden
mine, Santa Olara county, California, for
twenty-two yearB and three months, kindly
furnished by J. B. Randol, Superintendent.
This is one of the principal quicksilver mines
of the world, as its record shows, and is the
most productive mine in the United States.
Within the past few years the product has fallen
off somewhat, but it still retains its position at
the head of the quicksilver mines of America.
It will be noticed that the product of the mine
during 1874, was lower than during any previ-
ous year while being worked continuously, and
also that the percentage in the ore was smaller.
The falling off in production of this mine is
one of the chief reasons of the present scarcity
of quicksilver, and all of the other mines dis-
covered in California have yet been unable to
make up for the deficiency of the New Alma-
den. The demand for the article has also in-
creased very materially, and for the past two
years the mining interests have been burdened
by the very high price of quicksilver.
In our annual mining record last week we
stated that the supposed product of the Reding-
ton mine, in Napa county was 1,000 flasks per
month during 1874 which, if true, would have
made the product larger than that of the New
Almaden. This was merely supposition, how-
ever, based on rumor, and we have since learned
that the product of the Redington was correct
as given in the Commercial Herald— 7200 flasks.
This makes the product of the New Almaden
still remain, as it always has been heretofore,
greater than any mine in America.
In some part of our review we stated that
there were six Almaden furnaces, meaniog, of
course, "New Almaden*' furnaces. Those,
however, inexperienced with metallurgy of
quicksilver, might suppose that these furnaces
are similar to those so well known and for so
long a time in use at Almaden in Spain. But
they are essentially different in their charging,
firing and condensation. The furnaces we re-
ferred to were " New Almaden furnace," such
as are also in use at many other mines on this
coast. The new iumace being built and which
will soon be in operation at New Almaden, is
not of the old style but is a continuous furnace
modeled after the latest iron-clad furnace in
most successful operation at Idria, Austria, with
many improvements, some of which have been
kindly furnished to the New Almaden com-
pany by the engineer of that mine.
A glance at the table given above shows a
carefully kept record of the operations of the
mine. If other Superintendents of leading
mines were to follow the example of Mr. Ran-
dol in this respect we might have more valuable
data with respect to the operations of the gold
and silver mines of the coast.
Death of Pkofessob Dubant. — Henry Du-
rant, Mayor of the city of Oakland, and ex-
President of the University of California, died
suddenly on Saturday last. The funeral ser-
vices were performed on Monday at the First
Congregalional Church, and were largely at-
tended. Many of the stores were closed, and
the occasion was one of the largest gatherings
in honor of the dead that has ever taken place
in Oakland. The cortege moved to the burial
ground in the following order: The Faculty of
the University of California, Alumni of the
College of California and of the University,
tbe Berkely Club, pall-bearers wilhcoffio, City
Council, Board of Education, Board of Health,
police force, officers of the Fire Department
and other city officials, University Battallion,
Cadets of Military Academy of California,
(McClure's), students of the Golden Gate
Academy, and citizens. Professor Durant was
an honored and highly respected man, and
his loss is deeply felt.
Austin, Nev., shipped 994 bars of bullion
during 1874, weighing; 91,914 pounds, and val-
ued at $1,165,594. The bullion was almost
entirely the production of the Manhattan 20-
stamp mill.
Mining Decisions.
Tbe Secretary of the Interior has decided, in
the case of the City Rock and Utah claimants
vs. W. H. Pitts, et als., applicants for patents
for the King of the West lode, Utah, that: "A
mining claim, so far as the surface ground is
concerned, must conform to the location notice
and record. The law of May 10, 1872, ex-
pressly decl ires the rights of parties owning
lodes which meet or unite. The question of
how far the General Land Office may extend its
examination into the sufficiency of an adverse
claims considered. An adverse claimant must
positively allege ownership. An adverse claim
which is bad on general demurrer should be
rejected."
" The appeal from tbe decision of the Com-
missioner of the General Land Office, regarding
the survey of the California land claim, Los
Prietos y Najalayegua, has been withdrawn by
the attorneys for appellants, in consequence of
a private agreement or compromise between
the grant claimants, represented by W. W.
Stow, and the mining interests, championed by
Harvey Brown."
In our issue of January 9th we expressed the
opinion, in answer to a correspondent, that a
miner could only locate 1500 feet, on o ne ledge
Our correspondent stated that he had located
1500 feet and then moved 10 feet away from
the end of his claim, sunk a shaft and claimed
1500 feet more. The mining law of May 10,
1872, says that a mining claim located after the
passage of the Act whether looated by one or
more persons may equal, but not exceed, 1500
feet along the vein or lode; but no location of a
mining claim shall be made until the discovery
of the vein or lode within the limits of
the claim located. It was understood that this
special provision was intended to prevent one
party from locating four or five miles of crop-
pings to the exclusion of others; and that, in
connection with the Government requiring
annual expenditure, indicates that Congress
intended to confine claims to smaller boun-
daries.
The Silver State, a Nevada journal which pays
a great deal of intelligent attention to the min-
ing interests, called our attention to this matter,
stating that we were probably mistaken in our
opinion that a miner could not locate more than
1500 feet on one ledge. In looking over the
rulings of the Commissioner of the General
Land Office we find the following ruling by W.
W. Curtis, Aoting Commissioner of the Land
Office, in answer to an inquiry:
"Referring to your letter of the 13tb ult., I
have to state that the Mining Act of May 10,
1872, declares that a mining claim located after
the passage of this Act, whether located by one
or more persons, may equal, but shall not ex-
ceed one thousand five hundred feet in length
along the vein or lode.
"But there is no provision of law to prevent
parties from locating other claims upon the
same lode, outside of the first location made on
the lode or vein.
"If a lode or vein three thousand feet in
length is discovered, two locations may be
made each of 1500 feet thereon."
Although the rulings of the Commissioner
are not law,, they are authority until legally re-
versed; so that the opinion previously expressed
by us was incorrect.
Lodes carrying rich ore in small quantities
and scattered veins, in Colorado, are now made
to pay well by means of concentration works;
and veins carrying only thirty ounces of silver
per ton and running forty per cent, lead, find a
ready market at prices that afford a good mar-
gin of profit where the veins are strong.
Times are said to be rather dull in White
Pine at present; but the future is promising.
The English company keeps its mill Bteadily at
-work, some 50 tons of $60 ore being taken from
the mines daily.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
Effo. lO.
In Fig. 12, twelve electric fuses are inserted
in the different drifts. These fuses are marked
in the circuit of the leading wire, A A, and are
buried equidistantly in the powder. The main
drift, from the point where the first crosB- ;
drifts intersect, that is, for a distance of 65 feet
from the mouth, is safely closed by first mak-
ing a barrier of timbers across the main
drifts, where the intersection takes place, and
then filling the main drift with sand and fine ■
gravel tightly to its very mouth. The blast is
now ready for explosion.
The blasting apparatus, B, being established
at a safe distance, and the two leading wires at-
tached to it, the crank of the frictional appara-
ratus is turned in this instance 22 times to the
right, and then reversed for about six inches,
when the discharges of all the fuses take place
at the same moment. It is laid down as a rule
that ten turns are taken for the first fuse and
one for every additional one.
When greater areas of ground than that men-
tioned above are to be blown up the main drift
must be extended, and additional and longer
cross-drifts must be made. The powder must
always be distributed with regard to the work
it will have to perform; a little experience and
better acquaintance with the deposit to be
blasted will soon lead to the proper treatment
of the ground.
However, as a general rule, it may be said
that a strong charge of powder should be em-
ployed. The extra expense for powder is eas-
ily repaid by the thorough breaking up of the
ground, securing not only a greater yield of
gold, but lessening also the manual labor to
such an extent that the cost of an additional
100 kegs of powder, or any proportion thereof,
becomes insignificant.
Shafts with a j. in the bottom are excellent
for high banks, and have all the effect of drift-
blasts. Besides this, it is much easier to fill or
tamp them than a level drift, as the material
extracted from them is deposited round their
mouths, and can readily be thrown back as
tamping.
To secure from injury the insulated wire,
which is to be connected with the blasting ap-
paratus, it is advisable to cut a little groove for
each wire, leading from each arm of the cross-
drift to the mouth of the shaft or main drift.
In case water should be found in the drifts or
shafts it is necessary to use for the powder
boxes made water tight with the help of tar.
The lids are perforated with gimlet holes for
the admission of the fuse. After the fuse is
inserted the lids are placed firmly on the
boxes, either with screws or wooden wedges,
and the gimlet holes are closed either with wax,
soap, putty, or even clay, leaving everything
well protected.
To blow up patches of bottom gravel 10 to 20
feet deep, bottled shaped shafts are used.
These are sunk from four to five feet in diame-
ter to the necessary depth, say 18 feet, and
their botfom is widened all round from two to
three feet beyond the original periphery of the
shaft.
The powder is placed in the lower excavation
all round. In the center a layer of heavy
rocks is placed, to be the basis for tbe filling or
tampiDg material, and to prevent the latter from
-entering the excavated part. The shaft is
tamped and the explosion takes place with gen-
erally an excellent result. The ground will be
crushed from 15 to 20 feet in every direction
from the shaft and will yield readily to the hy-
draulic jet.
Giant powder blasts have been tried in sev-
eral hydraulic mines with great Ruccess, ac-
cording to the. published reports. Giant pow-
der No. 2 is used for this purpose.
In all blastiDg opera ions, from the simple
hand-drill blast, removing only a few hundred
pounds of rock, to the bank-blast, removing
thousands of tons, a careful calculation of the
strong and weak points in the material attacked
should precede the placing of the blasts.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the last Annual Keport of the TJ. S. Commissioner of
dialing Statistics.
fanuary 30, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
73
Economic Botany.
Lecture Delivered before the University of Cali-
fornia College of Agriculture on Monday, Jan.
14. by Prof. C. E. Bessey, M. S., of the Iowa
College, Ames. Iowa.
[Reported exprtaaly for the Press.]
I mast first make a little correction of the
definition of "economic botauy," given in the
circular describing this course of lectures. This
definition ,-hould include plants which are harm-
ful to man; so, in putting down your definition
of it please include the two terms, useful and
harmful. And when we speak of useful plants,
of course we mean those which furnish food
for man and the domestic animals, which furnish
medicine for both; and covering for both,
and after having taken into considera-
tion these two things there are a good
many extras, things which we may lump; for
Inetanco a great many ornamental plants that
must necessarily come in. On the other hand,
harmful plants would include all of our weeds,
all that are poisonous and the plants that we
take up specially to-day,
The Parasitic Fungus Growths.
Now in this course of lectures we shall take
op only a few, because^ if we looked over the
fifty or sixty thousand different species, it
would be more than a dozen lectures could
possibly compass. "We will, therefore, run
through the groups from the lower to the higher.
I want to call your attention to the cryptogams,
which are of economic value; seaweeds, lich-
ens; fungus plants, the liverworts, mosses,
ferns, and their allies. Indeed, we can lump
these off in a very short time. We have here
some of the very lowest forms of seaweed made
up of single cells. Here we find frog spittle
(conferoa). Here, also, we have some forms
that are found along your coast. This is found
on the rocks. This little berbet is the little
microscopic plant which dodges about as can
be Been under the microscope, with amazing
velocity. These are more or less inclined to be
green in color, though, of course, some found
in salt water have other colors. Of substances
practically useful to man they furnish only
iodine, which is pretty largely derived from
them and Irish moss. Of lichens I have put
down here the two more important products,
Litmns, which is obtained from a little plant
belonging to thisjgroup, and Reindeer moss,
found in Lapland, covering the ground, as does
grass. In the northern region it is used
as food for reindeer. The Liverworth, or
the Heputicea, you may put down as of no use
whatever or their only use being to cover the
ground and by their dying to furnish food for
other plants. The same may be said of the
mosses and ferns, if we except the utility of
beauty. The one exception in mosses is the
asphagum— possibly found here— which is used
for packing. To that excepting
The Fungals,
The Cryptognms are of no economic interest.
First, as to what a Fungal is? The common
idea is incorrect. The Fungal is always a plant
growing more or leBS under ground, or under
some surface, made up of wbite threads grow-
ing in every direction under this surface,
whether it be the surface of live wood, earth,
or what not, growing in every direction through
this surface and finally fruiting in some form.
The true plants then we must consider the part
which grows under the surface or under the
ground. The puff ball as we find it is one of
the fruiting forms.
A little more as to what this growth is beneath
the Burface. All cryptogams grow from
spools. The spool falls upon the ground and
is then only a little round cell. It begins its
growth by multiplying and so has the form of
elongated threads. These form the true plant.
After a time, and this time may be likened to the
time required by any ordinary plant, it sends
up fruiting portions which we ordinarily ob-
serve. This may be taken as the usual manner
of the re-production of Fungals.
Classification.
Fungals are divided into six groups, or
orderB, with the following characteristics.
Spores in sacs. In sacs which are usually ag-
gregated. Order I. Eelvellacece. In Bporan-
gia. Order II. Mucoraceoz. Spores naked.
On ends of conspicuous threads. Order III.
Botrytacece. On inconspicuous threads. Order
IV. Uredinaceos. On threads, enclosed in a
peridium. Order V. Lycoperdacece. On an
hymenium. Order "VI. Agaricacece.
Under the first order are quite a number of
injurious plants and a few valuable ones.
First we have pea mould, which in its manner
of growth ia about like this. (See figure 1.)
Probably you have all noticed that a great
many leaves, not only of the pea but of other
plants, are covered with a white mouldiness.
Take one of these leaves and place it under the
microscope and you will find over the whole
surfuce myriads of threads now and then pass-
ing into a stomate, and of course sucking the
sap from the interior of the leaf. These little
threads form the mycelium, the proper fungous
growth. It covers the leaves, stops up the
breathing pores, and in fact chokes the plant
upon which it is living. After the plants
become fully grown, then it produces these
little spore cases. (See figure 1).
By the use of a microscope of perhaps one
hundred diameters, yon will find the leaf dotted
over with little black dots. I have noticed on
some of the plants on these grounds quite a
number of remains of allied species. They
are of quite considerable importance. Allied
forms affect the rose, peach, pear and a great
many other plants.
In many parts of the country plum, peach
and frequently cherry trees are troubled with
black excrescences, which are called
Black Knot.
Thia is the tpharia Mirloso. We test fungous
growths by finding the fruiting. For a long
time people were at a loss to know what
it was until finally some man found the spores
borne in this way. Standing at right angles to
the surface, we find elongated sacs in which
are the spores. You need not think to succeed
in finding them with an ordinary lens. It re-
Fi't- I. Fig. II.
Erysiphe Martii.
Mucor.
quires a very good section and a good micro-
scope in order to find them.
The only remedy for black knot is to cut off
the knots as they appear. It is the only
remedy that is available. Your only safety is
to cut down the tree, or to cut away the
branches. The branches affected by the knot
most be cut off a cons'derable distance below
these excrescences, as the mycelium extends far
below them. If a tree is found to be thoroughly
infested, cut the whole tree down, and burn it
up as scon as possible. All applications
recommended are not much to be relied upon.
I will notice a few hereafter. Now, as a sort
of offset to this species of SpJiaria, in all
Fig, III.
Aspergillus.
parts of the world we have some which infest
larvse of the beetle and many other insects,
very many of which are killed by the mycelium
growing through them, the larvae, and destroy-
ing them. That offset is again offset by
another which takes hold of the silkworm
occasionally.
The rye plant is very frequently known to
grow into and take on a peculiar growth; that
is, the grain instead of development into the
rye grain, develops into a dark-colored elonga-
ted mass known as ergot, (the scientific name
of which is Glaviceps purpurea.) Two species
of this order are used for food, and where they
are used furnish the best edible from the Fun.
gal group. In England, truffles— an under
Fig. IV. Fig. VI.
Peronospora. Puccinia.
ground growth — furnish a food of exceeding
excellence. As it is not found here, we pasB it
by. The morel, however, is found here and
throughout all the world in general appear-
ance, about like this little sketch I have here,
and is covered over with little pits. These are
gathered when they are full grown, and are
used very largely in eating. Its scientific name
is Morckella escuienia.
Mucoraceole derives its name from its princi-
pal genus, Mucor, the mould which is found
very largely upon bread, fruits, paste and such
things. Mucor mucedo, the bread mould, con-
sists of under-surface growth, made up of fila-
mentous threads running in every direction,
and finally Bending up a little blue mould (as
we call it) ; [see Fig. 2.] The general appear-
ance is well shown in the figure.
Under the next division the spores are naked,
and we have first this little Aspergillus, [Fig. 3. j
It is sometimes found in the summer time on
bread and pie. It first grows under the sur-
face. At the top, instead of bearing sacs, it
bears strings of spores. In Aspergillus, one of
our common plants, this thread terminates in a
very large ball, and upon this are little thread*,
while in PeniciiUum, these btringa or threads
pass off without having any of these large mats.
These two, as I said before, are very common.
Penicillium Crustaceum
Is what is known as the vinegar plant. Yon
well know that vinegar is the result of fermen-
tation, and has in it always a stringy, peonliar
substance, called the "mother of vinegar." It
consists of long, thready masses. You have
simply these fungus threads, corresponding
to the ordinary mycelium of fungUB plants.
Fig. V. Fig. VIZ.
.fficidium. TJredo.
what is called the "mother of vinegar." We
have there the proper fungus plant.
The Potato Rot Plant
Belongs also to this group, and I have shown
in Fig. 4 its general character as seen under
the microscope. One of these spores falling
upon the leaf of the potato begins growing,
grows just the same as this one. [See a, Fig.
4 ] The production of this growth is mycel-
ium. It passes dowu through the leaf-stalk to
the stem ; in fact, infests the whole plant. The
result of this taking nourishment is, the cells
of the potato plant are injured and rot sets in,
and the whole plant in a very few days is de-
stroyed. The potato may in the meantime be
green, seeming healthy; the plants may have
a strong and apparently vigorous growth, but
in a very few hours they wilt down, blacken
and decay, with a most fetid odor. We account
for it in just this way: This mycelium has
robbed all parts of the plant; by acting upon
all parts of it, the plant is destroyed in this
rapid way. Now, when you come to examine
Taking any fermented substance, by the aid
of a microscope you will find a multitude of
little cells which resemble these. They take
on an elongated form, and produce what we
call the "mother*' in vinegar; or, the mycelium.
&
Manner of Firing Heavy Blasts
That is one form, and it may stay that way for
an age, perhaps. It has been known to exist
in that condition a great many years, just in
that form. It finally changes its form into
mycelium, which we consider to be the basis
or real plant, in every form of Fungi. So, that
you take a little yeast uuder proper conditions,
and from the plant you have there you can
grow what seems to be another plant. We
have here a great many cases of dimorphism
Finally, under proper conditions, it changes
and passes into another line — changes into
it under the microscope, you will find very
few tufts project from the leaf of the potato;
but remember that the real fungus plant is
found in all its parts. It is an internal parasite
then, and the part we see is the reproductive
portion, and it fruits simply to provide for the
continuance of the species. Generally we
have placed in tnis group the grape-vine mil
dew. In Germany and a g rent many parts of
the United Statts, grape-vines are troubled
with a sort of mould called Oidium; and as a
man by the name of Tucker, in England, in
vestigfttetj this pretty thoroughly, jts nam© is
now Oidium TnckerU. It attacks leaves large-
ly. Of course you are prepared to expect my-
celium penetrating the plant also. Now, this
form of fruiting will refer it to group No. III.
We have these spores produced, and then
again spores are blown to other plants. After a
while it produces a second kind of fruit, simi-
lar to fig. 1. We consider the second kind as
entitled to tho preference. They are Erysipfye.
The disoovery was made within the last few
years. This discovery oarries it back to Eru-
siphe. In one of its forms it belongs to this
genus Oidium, and we refer it then to Erysiphe
Tufikerii. This will show the need of studying
a plant's whole history.
In group No. IV, Uredinacear, we have what
are called cluster cups and I find myself em-
barrassed without specimens and will have to
rely on the rude sketches upon the board. You
will find occasionally the under surface of leaves
covered over with little yellow appearances,
which under an ordinary lens, will show them-
selves to be little cups. Take one of these lit-
tle cups and cut it through, forming a vertical
sectiou, and its appearance will be similar to
Fig. 5. This cup is found to be filled with my-
riads of little spores. We have here in the
figure, the species TSerberidis, the Barberry
cluster cups. Now there is
A History Connected with this Rust.
In France, for a great many years, farmers
complained that wherever barberry was grown
it produced wheat rust. The railroad had run
lines of barberry hedge along the sides of the
track. The farmers complained, and did not
want that barberry there. Wherever it was
grown, wheat and other grains were found to
be covered with rust. Botanists said it could
not be barberry rust, because the two were bo
different. The farmers still complained, and
finally the railroads conclnded they would make
an experiment and cut out a mile of the hedge;
and after a while another mile; and so on,
taking into consideration the direction of the
prevailing winds. After examination, they
came to the conclusion that the farmers were
right and the botanists wrong. The cluster
cup ^fficidium finally develops Puccinia just as
the Oidium finally develops into Erysiplie, It
is possible that De Baray may be wrong yet.
There are some botanists who will not give in
yet. Evidence seems to be very strong in his
favor. Fig. 6 represents Bimply one form of its
fruiting.
The fact is, there is another fruit also mid-
way between these two— [Fig. 7]— first, ^oid-
ium is produced on the barberry; second, round
spores (Uredo); finally, elongated spores t, Puc-
cinia). That brings us to the elongated spores
which produce
Wheat Rust.
Take a bit of stricken wheat, or heads of rye
that are covered with rust, and you will find
the stem having elongated, brownish patches;
put a little of this brownish dust under the
microscope, and you will find that it is made
up of spores, with bodies elongated, having the
shape of Fig. 6.
This is the Puccinia graminis; one of the
moot injurious we have; not because of the
breaking out into the fruiting state— that does
not do very much damage — but it is beoause of
the mycelium. Notice whenever wheat is
"struck with rust," as we call it, the heads do
not fill well. Those little patches can not do
much damage; the damage is done by this my-
celium; this filamentous growth, probably all
coming from a single spore, germinating and
pervading the whole plant. You can very often
tell just how far it went and how far down, by
the patches of rust from bottom to top. It is
thisinternal growth that does the most injury.
It is not this "breaking out," as we oall it.
I have been asked: "If you have watched
this rust how is it that after oertain hot, damp
days, wheat and other grains are more likely to
be affected by it?" The common opinion iB
that this rust is directly due to this dampness
in the air. I have known a very good agricul-
turist to refer it to a morbid condition of the
sap; the sap exuding and turning brown.
There is nothing in it. These damp, hot days
develop rust in just the same way that suoh
days develop grass or any vegetable. That ac-
counts for the fact, that always after such days
we may look for a greater amount of this Puc-
cinia upon the plants than at any other time.
Note.— All of the accompanying illustrations, with
the exception of the toadstool, are highly magnified.
The "Evening Post" Party.
On Saturday, of last week, a large party of
invited guests assembled at the head-qnarters
of the Evening Post to witness the workings of
their new press, stereotyping process and me-
chanical appliances recently introduced there.
Everything worked satisfactorily, and there
was but one opinion expressed by the throng of
visitors, which was, that the proprietors of the
Post might well be proud of the exhibit. There
was much in this display that was entirely
novel to many of the guests, and expressions
of extreme surprise and satisfaction were quite
common. The editorial and composing rooms
were also visited, and found to be of ihe high-
est order; and in a side room a lunch in perfect
keeping with the other departments, was spread
before the visitors, who repaired thither occa-
sionally to partake of the good things there
provided. The occasion was a pleasant one in
every respect. The guests were in excellent
humor, while all connected with the establish-
ment were fully up to the occasion jn attention
and courtesey.
74
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[January 30, 187 5l
San Francisco Iron Works and the
Bonanza.
While examining the complete and splendid
machinery of the Consolidated Virginia new
quartz mill, one cannot help coming to the
conclnsion that the iron works, foundries and
machine shops of California depend largely for
their prosperity, and in a measure for their
very existence upon the Comstock lode. Were
the ledge to give out as it was feared might be
the case in 1865-6, and no more mills or hoist-
ing works be erected, npon what would the
iron manufacturing establishments of San
Francisco rely for support? They would be
compelled to discharge their hands, shnt down
work, and in many instances abandon business.
Disastrous as the failure of our mines would be
to Virginia, it would be felt scarcely less se-
verely attbe metropolis of the Pacific coast.
But with increasing developments and fre3h
discoveries of ore bodies of fabulous richness,
spring np additional
Demands for Machinery
With which to work them. Beside the other
immense quartz mill which has been ordered
by the California company, and which will be
a duplicate of that just started into operation
by the Consolidated Virginia, and the ma-
chinery which must be employed at the new
hoisting works on the new shaft on the line
between the property of the two companies, the
Bonanza will furnish Material
To many other mills, which will be hereafter
leased or erected. In addition to this, mining
all along the lead, but especially at the north
and south ends, has received a new stimulus,
which will lead to further and deeper pros-
pecting in the old mines and the sinking of
shafts in the new. The machinery for all these
will have to be drawn from the iron wo.ks in
San Francisco and Sacramento. As the heav
iest owners of our mines reside in California
the direct effect of our prosperity is felt there
in the payments of dividends and the rise of
sto 'ks, but the indirect effects are scarcely in-
ferior. The construction of machinery, the
supplies of nearly all kinds required aloDg the
line of the Comstock come from San Francises
and the recent nnpiraUVled discoveries here
will give a new stimulus there to all kinds of
business wi'h which we are even remotely con-
nected.— Enterprise.
Qetabtz Jumping. — Since New Years' day,
prospecting for veins of gold, silver and other
precious metals has been an active business
The County Kecorder has been filing pre-emp-
tions of newly -discovered lodes in the mineral
resources of the Territory. Snow and co d
weather did not det-r the bold fortune-hunters,
who did not sleep, but watched and pray* d for
the true fissures in the numerous mining dis-
tricts of the county. A party proceeded to a
certain lead to re-locate the same, with all its
dips, spurs and angles, at one o'clock in the
morning, and found that other persons had
performed this laborat Mf;een minutes after mid-
night. The early bird catches the quartz.
Many patient prospectors think that they are
richer than they were in 1871, and some resi-
dents, who have lost the property which has
been pre-empted by honest and energetic min-
ers, do not act as if they had lost nnything.
We predict that the bullion product of this
county will be increased materially by the de-
velopment and working of these ledges during
the present and future years. At least $100,-
000 will be added to the circulating medium of
this section during 1875, by the wise policy of
Congress in refusing to grant another extension
of time to the owners of quartz lodes. — Mon-
tanian.
Los Angeles Cinnabab Mines. — Mr. Herrick
showed us a lot of cinnabar ore, which he
brought from claims recently discovered in the
Sierra Madre range, opposite San Fernando.
He says he traced the peculiar stratum for over
seven miles, and the croppings denote the
presence of a lead of cinnabar the entire length.
To satisfy us that the yellow, rotten-looking
rock was really charged with quicksilver, he
reduced a piece of it to powder, and laying it
on a copper sheet saturated it with muriatic
acid. In a short time the powder was reduced
to a fine pulp. Then washing it off with water,
the face of the copper plate was covered with
an infinite number of quicksilver globules,
which, under a magnifier, were brought out
very strong. A species of black earth procured
at the same time was subjected to the same pro-
cess, and gave quicksilver results. This earth
is very plentiful, and can be shoveled up by the
cart-load, at points near the base ' of the
range. If the Sierra Madre is a cinnabar-bear-
ing range, it will, with the transportation
facilities so near it, become the objective point
of a vast industrial population.— Los Angeles
Express.
A Few days ago a wood-chopper discovered
ore in the vicinity of Carlin. He took pieces
of the ore to Carlin, and by melting in a black-
smith's forge, they proved to contain silver.
The discovery created the wildest excitement
at the railroad shops, and nearly all hands
hastened to the mines to secure claims, about
sixty ledges of which have been located. The
principal ledges are named the Keystone, Ar-
genta and Susie.
The settlers on Puget Sound have the coal
fever, and prospectors are upon every hill in
the valley. Several new discoveries have been
reported recently at Olympia.
Property in the Mining Counties.
For a number of years past, says the Stock-
ton Independent, property in the mining coun-
ties has been greatly depreciated in value by
enormously high rates of taxation. The bur-
den has been as heavy as the people could
possibly bear, and in some instances absolutely
crushing. Many persons who accumulated
fortunes during the flush days of plactr mining
by trading in the towns and villages stuck
firmly to the spot where fortune smiled upon
them, until at length they found themselves
bankrupt. Others found their way to San
Francisco, where they invested advantageously
and are now rich. As a rule, those who re-
tained the cash they had accumulated, invested
in mountain canals, roads, brick and other
buildings, have been thus far disappointed in
realizing their expectations. When miners
were flourishing, money was accumulated very
rapidly by the local traders. The money was
sent off, however, instead of being retained for
the work of future development. The mines
built up San Francisco with a rapidity that has
no parallel in the growth of cities. Had one-
half or one-sixth of the capital which has found
its way from the mountains to the metropolis
of our own State and to other States and coun-
tries been retained, no foreign capital would
have been required to place machinery on
every gold-bearing quartz vein in the interior.
To those early settlers in the mountain towns
and mining districts who have held their
grip, struggled along without faltering and
retained their foothold in a region where the
work of development is only in a measure
begun, the country owes a debt of gratitude.
During the long season of slow change in
the system of mining, the residents of the
mining districts have been under a cloud
which is at length bpginiug to vanish, but
how rapidly it will wholly disappear, time and
events can alone determine.
Happily, the prospect is gradually brighten-
ing, thanks to the tenacity and industry and
energy of the courageous band who have not
deserted the field which yet contains millions
of hidden gold. Additional value will be given
to property and new life infused into business
generally in them >untiiri districts by the set-
tlers procuring titles to their farms, orchards,
gardens and mines. This will give a feeling, of
security which has not hitherto existed, and
will lead to renewed activity, more extended
labor and venture, and soon ehange the condi-
lion of affairs from chronic dullness to a sense
of life an vigor in both old and new indus-
tries. We believe that the mining counties of
California have passed through their severest
ordeal, and that a prolonged period of pros-
perity is opening np before them. Property is
appreciating in value, satisfactory exhibits
continue to be made in heavy minibg enter-
prises, and there is evidence of more hopeful
anticipations and earnestness in productive
pursuits generally. The extraordinary deter-
mination and unflagging vigor shown by the
residents of Mokelumne Hill in their uncon-
querable struggle against adversity, may be
alone accepted as a type of the general spirit
and temper which animate and actuate the
people of the mining counties at the present
time.
Another Big Gbavel Operation. — Mr. A. J.
Gould informs us that duribg the week he has
purchased from Mr. L. V. Tefft one-half of his
gravM claims near the Middle Fork, known as
the Rock Creek claims. The claims were for-
merly owned by Tefft & Herbert bnt for
several years have been owned by Mr. Tefft, and
have been lying idle. Mr. Gould informs us
that by concentrating all the water available, by
a system of ditches, they will have a good head
of water for about five months in the year.
The bank of gravel is a splendid one,
and cannot be worked out in a life time. Mr.
Gould got some fine prospects and is satisfied
that with proper machinery for working, that
the claim will prove immensely valuable. Work
will commence in the spring, but it will take
the coming summer to get the claims in running
order. We hope that the new company will be
as successful as they anticipate. — Plumas
National.
Thp Eippon mine, in Alpine county, was re-
located January 2d, in accordance with the
mining law of May 10, 1872, and will hereafter
be known as Occident No. 1 and No. 2. It has
been re-located in the interest of San Fran-
cisco capitalists, who intend to commence work
on it next spring. The Rippon belonged to a
San Francisco company that had expended
over $30,000 on it.
The Shallowest Draught Steamer in the
World.
The increasing necessity for effecting com-
munication between distant places in foreign
countries by means of water transit has, where
such means of transit exists, led to a demand
for vessels of a light draught in order to navi-
gate very shallow rivers. Builders have gone
on reducing the draught from two feet to one
and even less, but as civilization spreads the
navigation of still shallower streams and the
supplying of still lighter draught boats become
necessities. It thus happens that Messrs. Yar-
row & Hendley, of Pop lar, have been engaged
to design and construct some steamers of ex-
ceptionally light draught for the navigation of
the upper waters of one of the rivers in Brazil.
These boats are intended chiefly for the convey-
ance of passengers, and the first of them has
just been launched, and made a satisfactory
trial trip on Saturday last. In all probability
she is the shallowest draught steumer ever
built, her draught, with steam up and fully
equipped, being only seven inches. This formed
one of the conditions imposed upon her build-
ers. The others were that she would not draw
more than nine inches of water with 20 persons
on board, and that she should be of snch a
size as to be capable of being carried whole on
a ship's deck to the Brazils. The steamer has,
therefore, been built with a flat bottom, and
has a length of 45 feet, and a beam of eight
feet, with a depth of two feet. She is propelled
by a pair of paddles 54 inches in diameter, two
feet nine inches breast, and each having eight
floats. Her paddles are driven by a pair of in-
clined direct-acting engines, with cylinders five
and a half inches in diameter and ten inch
stroke. She is roomy and comfortable both
fore and aft of her engines, there being accom-
modation for about 40 per cms in all. Upon
her trial trip on Saturday, with 18 persons on
board, she drew eight -and a half inches of
water. Her engines ran at an average rate of
revo'utions per minute, which gave her a
speed of about eight miles per hour. On her
first contractor's trial she made the same speed
with the same number of revolutions, and with
130 pounds of steam, the stated consumption
of fuel heing 40 pounds of coal per hour. The
run made with the little craft from the Temple
to Greenwich and back on Saturday was thor-
oughly satisfactory and demonstrated both her
speed and handiness. N<>w that it has been sat-
isfactorily shown that such a light draught is
perfectly practicable, it will probably follow
that districts hitherto unexplored and lying up
rivers previously deemed unnavigable will be
opened up and new sources of commerce devel-
oped.— London Times, November 5, 1874.
DEWEY & CO.
American and Foreign
WMmi
No. S34 Sansome St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
Patents Obtained Promptly.
Caveats Filed Expeditiously.
Patent Reissues Taken Ont.
Patents Secured in Foreign Lands.
Assignments Made and Recorded in Logal Form,
Copies of Patents and Assignments Procured.
Examinations of Patents made here and at
Washington.
Examinations made of Assignments Recorded
in Washington.
Examinations Ordered and Reported by Tele-
GBAPH.
Interferences Prosecuted.
Opinions Rendered regarding the Validity ot
Patents and Assignments.
Rejected Cases taken np and Patents Obtained
Every Legitimate Branch of Patent Agenoy Bus
iness promptly and thoroughly conducted.
Send fob Cikcular.
pui'i
The ditches which conduct water from the
mountains to the towns and mines on their
lines, over on the San Juan ridge, says the Ne-
vada Transcript, are being utilized in floating
flume-blocks from the saw mills above to the
mines below. These blocks are sawed above
Columbia Hill, and floated down the ditch to
the points above and near San Juan, thereby
saving several miles of hauling with teams.
The following is a statement of the bullion
shipment of Austin for the year 1874: Bars
shipped, 931; weight of bars, 91,914 pounds;
value, $1,165,594.80. No bullion was shipped
in January .
Thk ledge discovered within a few hundred
yards of the town of Unionville, Nev., is cre-
ating considerable excitement in that camp.
Chbome Ibon Mines in California. — W.th
all the excitement of the past year concerning
the development of our silver and quicksilver
mines, bnt little attention has been paid to the
development of our chrome iron mines. This
metal, which is of as much intrinsic value as
gold or silver, is to be found in abundance in
our State, and nowhere more so than in our im-
mediate neighborhood. We also have the ad-
vantage over any other part of the State in
which it is found, on account of our nearness
to Pan Francisco, and the oheap transportation
afforded by railroad facilities. It only needs
some few of the many capitalists of the Bay
City to be assured of its great abundance here,
in order to induce them to erect smelting works
at that place, or, what would be better still,
near our own settlement and build up a busi-
ness which cannot fail to return great wealth to
those engaging in it. This metal is also found
in great abundance in some of the northern
counties of our State, but owing to the want of
r tilroad facilities for freighting it is not a source
of revenue to the owners of the claims in which
it is found. The owners of one mine of this
character in Del Norte county reside in one of the
Eastern cities (Baltimore we think) ^nd cannot
give their mine the attention it demands. The
same deposit near our own town (and there are
many more valuable) would yield immense
wealth if worked, and they could be developed
at much less cost. Rich leads of chrome iron
have recently been discovered and located by
Dr. Miihel and Mr. Dickenson of St Helena,
which, when worked, and the immense quantity
of ore fully brought out will astonish those
who have not given this matter the attention
its importance demands. The mine is situated
about half way between Santa Rosa and St.
Helena. Deposits of this metal are also found
near onr town, and the day is not far distant
when chrome iron mining will be as extensively
carried on as is now the labor of getting out
silver and quicksilver. We would invite the at-
tention of capitalists who wish to embark in
some profitable investment, to this subject.
Millions of dollars of wealth lie hidden in the
hills adjacent to our town, which only await
the money of the capitalist and the strong arm
of the laborer to bring to the surface. — Calistoga
Free Press.
Edwabd Claek has been appointed Super-
intendent of the Great Weatern quicksilver
mine, in Lake county.
Two car loads of new machinery arrived in
Virginia City on Saturday morning, for the
American Flat mining company. This ma-
chinery is of the most powerful description
and of the approved pattern. There will be
little delay in setting it np, as the foundations
for its reception were being built while it was
being constructed in the workshop at San
Francisco.
Wpe^ birectory.
UILK8 H. GRAT. JkUKS M. BAT UK
GRAY & HAVEN,
VTTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
[n Building of Puclflc Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
"ornin aii' Leidesdortt streets.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. corner Sacramento.
iv t instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GrlLLOTT'S
STEEL FEISTS.
Sold by all Dealers throughout thft World.
19f26-lv
. UAiULir.f,
rlKHKT K1VSALL.
BARTLIN& & KIMBALL,
KOOI£BIlVr>EXtS,
Paper Rulera and Blank Book Manufacturers,
SOS Clay ttreet, (southwest cor. Sansome),
I5vl2-3m SAN FRANCISCO
Jason Springer, of San Francisco, has made
arrangements for the location of a blind, door,
and sash factory in Chico.
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. Gv28-3m
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
For Diseases of the Throat and Lungs, such
as Coughs, Colds, Whooping Cough, Bron-
chitis, Asthma and Consumption.
The few compositions,
which have won the confi-
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come household words,
among not only one, but
many nations, must have
extraordinary virtues. Per-
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tained it so long, as Ayeb's
ChEBEY PECTORAL It liaH
been known to the public
about forty years, by a long
c> ntinued series of marvel-
lous cures, that have won
for it a confidence in its vir-
tues, never equalled bv any other medicine. It still
makes the most effectual- cures of Coughs, Colds, Con-
sumption, that can be made by medical skill. Indeed
the Chebby Pectoral has really robbed these danger-
ous diseases of their terrors, to a great extent, and given
a feeling of immunity from their fatal effects, that is
well founded, if the remedy be taken in seaBon. Every
family should have it in their clOBet for the remedy and
prompt relief of its members. Sickness, suffering and
even life is saved by this timely protection. The pru-
dent Bhould not neglect it, and the wise will not. Keep
it by you for the protection it affordB by its timely use
in sudden attacks.
PBEPABED BY
DB. J. C. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
Sold by all Druggists and dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, Wkolesle Agents,
V29- ly SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
BETTER THAN MINING STOCK.
A valuable Patent for sale. No objection to taking
real estate 10 part payment. Kesidence, Washington
street on tie tevee. P.O., Sacramento.
jan2-bp.tr O. A. DAVIS.
January 30, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
75
Machinery.
Fueilio Mucli inorj Depot.
H. P. GREGORY,
Kmpirrj Warehouse. Boal it
ar JUnrkit s I .
Bole Attn. a 1... PaciDoUauftforJ. A. Fay 4 Uu's Wuod-
worltinil MacfiifiHry, liUku's Pa'ent Steam Pumps
TanitetV- Emery Whmth and Machin>r«\ Kit h- '
bur* Maehuiu Cos Maolii ilnfe Ttmln. Kdeoii't*
Booordftur Sieam Gauge. Triauiot] Firu E.\-
linicumher. Aluo on hand and for Salo:
StQft.vinLn Bl >wors and Kxhuunt pans, .John A. Roeb-
lui » BOOB Wire BOM, Pure Oak Tanned Loilhor
Bolting. p.-rln'H Fronch Bund S*w Madua,
Planer Knivoo. <V*than & Druyfu* Glow
nil,. 1-., and Milt and Mining Sm>Dliea
nf all kind'. !'. 0. Boi HW.
7000 IN USE X
ADAPTED TO EVERY SITUATION
GEOMLAKC WFC CO.
H. P. GREGORY,
Sole Agent for the Pacific CoaBt, Empire Warehouse,
B(ale street, near Market, San Francisco, Oal.
PACIFIC MACH'Y DEPOT
GUARANTEEDPURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
BELTING
HP GREGORY
SAN FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H.P.GREGORY
^SOLE AGENT FOR THE
'wheels '
SAN-. FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H P GREGORY
SOLE AGENT
FITCH BURG MACHINE C°s
MACHINISTSV
SAN FRANCISCO
THE
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
Recently improved and hubmitted to thorough ecim-
tlflc tests by Jamas Emerson. showiDg the following
useful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, H 00.08; J$ C9.f4; % 78.73
% 82.53; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83. 14,
Mr. Emerson any*: " These are the best aver-
age reaul ts ever given by any Turbine "Wheel
in my experience."
A Splendidly ilhlBtratcd descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnished on application to
TREAD WELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents fur the Pacific States and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Estba Heavy and IarpitovED PArrEiihs,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO..
Mantjfactdbeb.
LATHE3, PLANERS, BJRING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING:
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F.
BALL'S*
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has been very lately well proven by per-
forming- a job of dredging- at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland. Cal.
There is but this one machine that has ever had these
improvements employed. It is an old machine, for-
merly built for another device, and 1b unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet this first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of eighty,
five cubic yards in sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation (supported by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references will be given on appli-
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a basis of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
is warranting the capacity of the maciiine by actual
work:
I will enter into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and sell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
$2u,000, warranting the machine to dredge Bix cubic
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the cost of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask notliing for my patents unless my machine
dredges more than six cubic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in case (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated tiiic) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than six cubic yards per
minute, then $10,000 shull be added to the price above
stated for each and every such additional cubic yard
thus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is tj be added to said price above Btated.
I will sell any other Territorial or State rights (cither
United States or Foreign) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with scowb and all com-
plete, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above stated, but will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the Bix
cubic yards per minute. £ach machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
Payments to be made in U. S. gold coIt on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
Address,
JOHN A. BALL,
Oakland.
STURTEVANT
BLOWERS &
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H.P. GREGORY
SAN FRANCISCO
REMOVAL.
Pacific Lamp Manufactory.
gteam taps.
PARSE Jfc LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
a
O
W
bd
1-3
1 to
^ |.
t_H o
<=| t>
W "
^ ?
w S
t» 5
c3
SANBORN & BYRNES,
THE 8ELDEN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it Is adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
— AI>0 —
STEAM, GAS & WATER PD?E, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CARR PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
A. . CARR,
10v28-ly 43 Courtlond Street. New York
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
& SULPHURIC ACID MANUFACTURERS.
For sale or to lease the LEVIATHAN COPPER MINE,
in Alpine county, California,
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallic copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations, realized $30,-
000 for Bluestone. In sight, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons 15 per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which maybe extended indefinitely. Cost of ex-
traction, $2. There is al*o a stratum of sundstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, pure
sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantageous
terms will be offered. For further particulars apply to
Leurs Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine county, Cal.
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
But. First and Fremont, San Kraucifco. Orders from
the country promptly attended tn. All kinds of H»ir
Material furnished to order. Wood aud Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls aud Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8iu-bp
Self-Fastening ^r^Zs Double-Spiral
Bed-Spring, Bed-Spring.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
hie Bed Spring in use. It is adopted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make the celebrated Obermanu Self -Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make hiB own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & SILSBY,
14v28-eow-bn-3m 147 New Montgomery St., S.
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and moat improved hind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of .Manila Rope, all sizes:
Tarred Manila Rope; Hay Rope; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
de'20 611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco.
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stovesand Metals, Tinners' Goody, Tools and Machines;
111 and 11 California St., 11 and lit Davis St., San Fran-
cisco, and 178 J St.. Sacramento. mx.-ly
O. dc H. BARKETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nos. 30, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
i hiladelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
Mil I£I£T I ltOIN I* I pjs.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns fur Mining Cars. TheBe small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
tt-i" All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a lurge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Elues, Gasand Water Pipe. Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM, MoCRINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F.
mSrjaH
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
UOILEB M A. IE E It H
ADD GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howar.l et., between Fremont na J Beale, 8wi Fmnolsco
76
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 30, 1875-
Gold.
The second of the course of popular lec-
tures given by the Professors of the Univer-
sity of California, in connection with the Me-
chanics' Institute, was delivered by Dr. Becker,
on Saturday night last. The subject of the
first lecture, a synopsis of which is given on
another page, was "Silver." The subject of
this lecture, also delivered by Dr. Becker, is
"Gold." We append a synopsis of his remarks
as follows :
I took occasion in my lecture ■ last week to
explain that all matter is built up of a limited
number of uncompounded simple substances
or elements, and that a chemical compound is
the result of the union of two or more of these
elements, in such a manner that the resulting
substance, or compound, exhibits properties
essentially different from those which charac-
terize any of its constituents. The tendency
which the different elements show to unite with
one another in chemical combination is very
different. Some of them, iron, for example,
unite with man/ others with great readiness,
and consequently we are acquainted with a
great many compounds of iron. Thus this
element combines in no less than three differ-
ent proportions with oxygen alone. One of
these compounds gives the green color
to bottle-glass; we are familiar with the second
as iron-rust, and the third as the chief ingredi-
ent of the black scales which fly off heated
iron when it is being forged. Other elements
again show very little tendency to enter into
combination, and form but few compounds,
while even these few are very unstable, i. e, are
very readily decomposed into their constituent
parts. Pre-eminent among the chemically in-
different elements with which ordinary life
brings us in contact is gold. Scarcely any sub-
stances attack it, and the few compounds into
which it enters can be destroyed, the metal be-
ing liberated, by the simple action of heat.
As a consequence of its feeble ehemical affini-
ties, gold is generally found in nature in a na-
tive or metallic state. A single _ compound
rarely occurs, and this is the telluride; telluri-
um being a very rare element somewhat resem-
bling sulphur. Silver always accompanies the
gold, and frequently there are traces of other
metals associated with it, especially platinum.
Native gold is sometimes separated from the
minerals with which it is mixed in the deposits
by simple washing, or by crushing and wash-
ing. With these operations metallurgy has
nothing to do, since they are" jurely mechani-
cal.
The Treatment of Auriferous Ores.
As we saw was the case with silver, gold
never occurs in sufficient quantities, relatively
to the accompanying "dead" rock, to be effici-
ently separated by treatment of the kind to
which ores of the base metals are submitted —
liquefaction by heat and separation by gravity
— and we are therefore forced to complement
the necessary volume by the addition of some
other metal. When gold occurs with lead ores,
the treatment is precisely the same as that I
described in speaking of silver, and the pro-
duct of the cupellation process is simply aur-
iferous silver instead bf fine silver. Before I
describe the methods of separating the two,
however, I will explain the process in which
quicksilver serves to supply the requisite
amount of metal— the amalgamation process.
In amalgamation, as in all metallurgical pro-
cesses, we must get our metals into a metallic
form before accumulating them in a fluid state,
in fact, reduce them. Gold, indeed, is usually
already metallic in the orerbut it is frequently
coated with firmly adhering suostances, and
thus does not present a metallic surface, so
that, regarded from a strictly external point of
view, a grain of the coated metal may be said
not to be metallic. Silver, on the other hand,
is comparatively rarely metallic, being most
commonly united with sulphur, often with an-
timony, and sometimes with chlorine. These
compounds, therefore, require to be decom-
posed before metallic silver can be presented to
the quicksilver. As you have probably in-
ferred from the company in which it is found,
silver, too, is to be classed among the metals
whose chemioal affinities are weak, though
much stronger than those of gold; and, in fact,
silver will readily part with either sulphur or
chlorine, if any substance possessing a greater
affinity for them, be intimately enough mixed
with the argentiferous compounds. Lead,
mercury, copper, iron, and others, could be
made to effect this decomposition, becoming
chlorides or sulphides in the operation, and
isolating metallic silver; but in order that a
sufficiently intimate mixture may take place,
it is indisptnsihle that either the silver com-
pound or the metal should be in a fluid state.
Now the sulphide of silver is insoluble, and
therefore only quicksilver is in a position to
decompose it at ordinary temperatures. Above
its meltiug puint, lead, as we have seen, decom-
poses it very effectually. The chloride of sil-
ver, on the other hand, is soluble in a solution
of common sdt, or, more exactly, the chloride
of silver and common salt form a cumpound
soluble in water; and that compound can,
therefore, readily be mix<-d with and decom-
posed by, for instance, mercury, copper, or
iron. The compounds of Bilver and antimony.
however, are not decomposed by the meiais at
ordinary tempera ures, but we are able to turn
them into chlorides. We thus have a choice
of Sc-veral Ways in treating silver ore for the
separation of metallic bilver, preparatory to
amalgamation. The chloride may be decom-
posed by iron, copper, or mercury; the sul-
phide by mercury only, and the antimonides
only by a process of chloridizing, followed by
treatment as a chloride. Sufficient quantities
of the antimonides very often occur in silver
ores to render chloridizing imperative, and the
operation is thus one of such importance that
I must endeavor to explain it, although it de-
pends on a somewhat complicated series of
facts. Two methods are applicable:
Dry Chloridation and Wet Chloridalion.
! If ores containing sulphur and antimony in
combination with silver are well mixed with
salt and green vitriol (a compound of iron and
sulphuric acid) and heated together, the first
action which takes place is the decomposition
of the green vitriol into oxide of iron and
sulphuric anhydride, a compound of oxygen
and sulphur. This body attacks the salt, which
is a compound of chlorine and sodium. In at-
tacking the salt, the sulphuric anhydride is de-
composed, part of it taking oxygen from the
remainder and instantly uniting with the so-
dium of the salt to a solid compound, the sul-
phate of sodium or glauber salts, while the re-
mainder of the anhydride forms Bulphurous
acid, the ill-smelling gas which is produced by
the ordinary combustion of sulphur. The so-
dium being extracted from the compound of
chlorine and sodium we call Bait, the chlorine
is set free. This free chlorine now attacks the
sulphur and antimonides of silver, and forms
a separate compound with each of the three
substances — sulphur, antimony and silver — so
that we get our silver as chloride, which was
the object of the whole process, while the com-
pound of chlorine with sulphur and antimony,
being volatile, pass out of the furnace up the
chimney.
We have now got our silver into the form
in which it is soluble in brine and in which
it can therefore be brought into such intimate
contact with other quioksilver, copper or iron,
as to be separated by them in the metallic state
ready to alloy or amalgamate itself with the
needful bulk of fluid quicksilver, and thus sep-
arate from the lighter and worthless gangue or
"dead rock."
The apparatus used to effect the chloridation
in the dry way is generally a reverberatory
furnace, i. e., a furnace heated by the flame
from an outlying fireplace. The chief pecu-
liarity of reverberatory furnaces used for chlo-
ridizing is the comparatively small size of the
Tate. The material is spread out over the
hearth in thin layer and very gradually heated,
for fear of melting any portion of the ore. If
fusion were to take place, the melted matter
would form a varnish on the particles of ore
and effectually protect them from the action of
the oxidizing and chloridizing gases. During
the roasting the material is thoroughly riked
over at short intervals, to insure the exposure
of every particle of the ore to the prevailing
influences of the furnace. A vast number of
modifications of the simple roasting furnace
exist, constructed mostly with a view to dimin-
ishing the amonnt of labor necessary.
Chloridizing in the wet way, although in
outward appearance utterly dissimilar to the
dry process, is governed by nearly the same
laws. If we mix the ores with salt and the
sulphate of -copper (blue vitrol or bluestone)
instead of sulphate of iron, and add water, the
sulphuric acid of the bluestone unites with
the sodium of the salt to glauber salt, jast as
in the dry process. The copper of the blue-
stone at the same time unites with the chlorine
of salt. This interchange of elements occurs
because sulphuric acid has a much stronger
affinity for Bodium than chlorine has, or than
it has for copper, and the copper and chlorine
being thus set free, necessarily combine, The
copper chlorine now attacks the silver ores,
giving up its chlorine to them and taking the
sulphur or antimony. This seems strange at
first sight, since as we know, copper will rob
chloride of silver of its chlorine. The reason
why it can be made to chloridize the silver in
this case, is that it gets sulphur or antimony in
exchange, for which substance it has a much
stronger affinity than for chlorine.
Amalgamation.
Two species of apparatus are in common use
for amalgamating — the European .barrel and
the Washoe pan. The European apparatus is
a large, wooden barrel, or pair of barrels, pro-
vided with suitable openings for charging and
discharging the material, and hung on horizon-
tal axes, by means of 'which they can be slowly
rotated. The barrels are generally provided
with a movable, wooden lining, which can be
replaced when needful. The ore intended for
treatment in this machine is always chloro-
dized in the dry way, and finely pulverized.
It is charged into the barrels with pieces of
wrought iron or copper and a certain amount
of water and salt is added. The barrels are
then closed and allowed to rotate until the
mass is thoroughly smooth, and cf about the
con-istency of honey, so that when a stick is
thrust into it and afterward turned end for
end, the mud will run down slowly without any
tendency to separate into more solid and more
liquid portions.
What the chemical action is during this
period, we already know. The dissolved silver
chloride, coming into the most intimate con-
tact with the copper or iron is decomposed;
metallic silver is formed, and the chlorine
unites with the baser metal. Which metal is
chosen depends on the nature of the ore, for
not only will either iron, copper or quicksilver
decompose chloride of silver, but iron or copper
will decompose chloride of quicksilver, and
iron will decompose chloride of copper. If,
therefore, as is not infrequently the cafle, the
silver ores contain copper, and this comes into
the barrel as soluble chloride, iron will separate
it out, in a metallic state with the silver which
is very undesirable, as it, too, must then be ac-
cumulated by quicksilver, rendering a much
greater consumption of that metal unavoidable.
When the ores are auriferous, therefore, copper
is best employed to separate metallic silver in
the barrel, for of course copper cannot decom-
pose its own chlorides. From the watery
solution which remains after the amalgamation
is completed, the copper employed and the
copper in the ore can be recovered by simply
throwing iron into it. The copper used to
precipitate the silver is also frequently argen-
tiferous, and when this is the case, of course
the silver it contains is separated out in the
barrel.
We now have, then, a pasty mixture in the
barrel, in which the silver exists in fine metallic
particles. To this paste qucksilver is added,
and the barrel is again set in rotation in order
that the fluid metal may be brought in contact
with each particle of the solid silver and
dissolve it. In this way, we get a large amount
of liquid and very heavy metal, which can sink
in the practically fluid mud if allowed to do so,
and accumulate in a separate mass at the bot-
tom, precisely as in the last lecture we found
that the argentiferous lead separates in the
furnace from the fluid slag.
You probably observed jnst now that I was
particular in describing the exact consistency
to which the mass of pulverized ore is brought
in the barrel before adding mercury. This is a
very important point, and its neglect would
dangerously impair the efficacy of the process,
by preventing a thorough mixture between the
quicksilver and the material. Quicksilver is
13.6 times as heavy as water and five times as
heavy as quartz, which is the most important
of all the minerals occurring in the dead rock.
It is therefore quite plain that if our mud, con-
sisting in the main of quartz and water, were
thin, the quicksilver would simply remain nt
the lowest portion of the barrel, the mud float-
ing upon it, unless the rotation of the barrel
were exceedingly rapid; while, if the mixture
were too thick, the particles could not move
with sufficient freedom to insure a contact of
each of them with the quicksilver.
When the silver has thoroughly united with
the mercury, the mass in the barrels is thinned
down with water, and the apparatus again set
in motion for a short time, to facilitate
the union of distributed globules of amalgam
with the mass of metal. The contents of the
barrel is then tapped from the bottom, and the
amalgam is allowed to run into vessels prepared
for it. As soon as mud makes its appearance,
which is, of course, not until almost all the
heavy amalgam has run out, the stream is di-
verted into settling apparatus, where nearly all
the amalgam not tapped out in a mass is re-
covered. We have thus got out of the ore
about ninety per cent, of the silver it con-
tained, though the exact proportion varies with
the character of the ores, etc.
The gold was amalgamated at the same time
with the silver; but, while the gold has gen-
erally been in a metallic state for ages, and has
therefore had every opportunity to coat itself
with non-metallic substances, such, for exam-
ple, as sulphur or iron rust, the siver was sep-
arated out as a metal just before the amalgama-
tion proper, and was therefore as clean as pos-
sible. Hence, we do not get anything like the
same proportion of the gold as of the silver
into the amalgam, commonly only about half,
and hence this method of working is applica-
ble principally to ores the smaller proportion
of the value of which is in gold.
Dr. Becker here described the process, as ac-
complished in the Washoe pan. He continued:
Gold and Silver in a Native State.
Where the gold and silver are nearly or
wholly in a native state.as is frequently the case
in quartz lodes, amalgamation rests on very
simple principles. In the first place, gold is
much heavier than quicksilver; consequently,
if heavy gold and light rock are passed over a
pool of quicksilver, the gold will sink through
the mercury to the bottom, while the rock will
float on the top, and may be carried off by a
Btream of water. If, as is always the case, the
native gold contains native silver, the action of
this law will depend upon the proportion of
the two metals, for silver is lighter than quick-
silver. A mixture of seven partB silver to four
of gold would have just about the speoific grav-
ity of mercury; but this would be an unusually
large proportion of silver. The separation by
gravity is also affected by the physical condi-
tion of the gold. Not unfrequ^ntly gold has
been deposited with minerals which are decom-
posed by the action of air and water, thus leaving
the gold, th >ugh nearly pure, porous. In this
case it may float on the quicksilver, in conse-
quence of the air it contains, as a dry sponge
does upon water. The mercury also acts by
strict amalgamation. It witl absolutely dis-
solve only a very small amount of gold;- but,
spread on a durface of that metal, it will reduce
it superficially to a pasty, sticky condition;
and, properly taken advantage of, this fact is of
great use.
When Gold Occurs in Gravel
Itis washed down sluice boxes, in which, at
short intervals, there are small transverse
troughs, or their equivalent, called "riffles,"
filled with quicksilver. In the riffles the mer-
cury seems to act principally as a liquid ot
medium specific gravity between the gold and
the gaugue — the gold sinks to the bottom ot
the riffle and the rock passes on. In crushing
batteries, on the other hand, the cementing
property of the fluid metal seems to be the more
important. When quartz is stamped in a
crushing mill the particles of gold are separated
from the rock mostly in a state of very fine di-
vision. Now, of course, the smaller any object
is, the greater the amount of Burface in com-
parison to its volume; and the greater the sur-
face the greater the resistance offered to its
passage through any medium. Hence, very
fine gold, though very heavy, will sink very
slowly in water; or, what amounts to the same
thing, it will be very easily carried away by a
stream of water. If, however, we introduce
quicksilver into the mortar where the gold-
bearing quartz is being stamped, at least a por-
tion ot thiB fine gold will acquire a sticky sur-
face, and when sticky particles come together
they will unite to a large lump. These aggre-
gated morsels of gold will readily sink, and
will be saved. Thus we can, to a certain ex-
tent, remedy the blunder of Nature in not de-
positing all the gold in nuggets.-
Amalgam.
All the processes of amalgamation have given
us amalgam. There are really two sorts of
amalgam — one solid and one liquid. The liquid
amalgam is silver and gold dissolved in mer-
cury, and there is undoubtedly a chemical
union, though a weak one, between the sub-
stanoes. The solid amalgam some excellent
authorities hold to be no chemioal compound,
but only particles of gold or silver, stuck to-
gether with fluid amalgam. The two can be
separated by straining through buckskin or
close cloth, and in practico the fluid
amalgam is disregarded; at least, no attempt is
made to extract the metal from it, both because
the amount is small, and because it is found
that the fluid amalgam collects clear gold more
effectually. This is probably because it wets the
gold more easily, pure mercury having more
attraction for itself than for most other sub-
stances.
The precious metals are extracted from the
thick amalgam by the very simple process of
retorting. Cakes of the amalgam are placed
in a horizontal cast-iron cylinder, closed at
both ends, but provided at one end with a long,
small iron tube, which has an elbow in it, so
that the end can be placed over a receiver, and
is cooled by wet cloths or running water. The
retort stands over afire-place, and when itis
heated the quicksilver volatilizes, passes
through the tube, in which it condenses, and
leaves the bullion behind. The quicksilver
collects in the receiver, and, of course, is used
over again.
The lecturer then described the various pro-
cesses by which gold and silver are separated,
ahdin particular the method adopted on a
large scale by sulphuric acid, and the wet pro-
cess, by which gold is extracted without silver
from ores.
A Fbightful Ohoeus. — Nothing strikes bo unpleas-
antly upon the ear of an affectionate parent as the
wheezing, snuffling, coughing, and hoarse voices of a
family of children laboring under bad colds. A chorus
of thiB dismal kind ir kept up in some households the
win tor through, simply because the father and mother
are either ignorant of the means of cure or are guilty
of gross neglect. Hale's Honey of Horehound and Tar
will establish quiet in three days. No cough or cold
can resist its soothing influence.
Pike's TooUt-Ache Drops — Cure in one minute.
To Lumbermen — $100 in Gold.— Messrs. Emerson,
Ford & Co., of Beaver Falls, Pa., whose advertisement
may be found in another column, won the above prize:
alBO the first prize silver medal for the best circular
saw, and the first prize Bilver medal for the best cross-
cut saw, and the two first prize medals for the best
saw Bwage and croBS-cut saw attachment.
A Good Papeb. — The Mining and Sctentifio Pbess
has entered its 30th volume. It grows better as the
years roll, and is, without exception, the best paper
published for California miners and artisans. If such
papers were more generally circulated to the exclusion
of the sensation trash of the cities, the Stale would be
the gainer in wealth, morale and general intelligence,
— Tuolumne Independent.
ERNEST L. RANSOME,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer,
No. 10 Bush Street, San Francisco,
Office Hours 1 to 2 Daily.
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2H and 1 cent per pound ac-
cording to quality. In ordering Btate for what pur-
pose the stone is needed.
"I have used one of your grindstones for some time, and
it is the best I ever liud. F .T. Oubbey,
November 20, 1874. Prop. S. F. Boiler Works.
EMERY STONES,
VASES AND FOUNTAINS,
GRAVESTONE? AND CEMETERY WORK.
STONE DRESSINGS GENERALLY,
NATURAL STONE hardened and pressed,
SILICATE OF SODA for Soap Makers and
Nurserymen, &c.
Send for Price-List. eow-bp
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to 50 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMSt
Black
CAYUGA DUCKS.
BRAHMAS, GAMES
HOUDANS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to hitch after arrival on
any part of the (Joast. For Illustrated isirculnx and Price-
List, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
iNONPAJRIiilL OIL.
140 Degrees Fire Test, for Family Use
GWNKRS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
attention is particularly called to this boautiful and
Bal'e Illum.natinq Oil. Its ubo is urgently recom-
mended by the New York Fire Commissioners and In-
surance Companies. For sale to the trade in lots to
euit. A. HAYWARD, 221 California St,
19v28-3m
January 30, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
77
N. W. SPATJLDINQ,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Hoa. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MAXUrACTUKKU OF
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the moat do able and economi-
cal Sa«y la the Woi.d.
Eaoh Saw is Warranted in every respect.
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices
874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
The higheBt and only prize or its class given to any
Vertical Engine wus awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair io Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'3 PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to nil orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v2fi-fef _
banking apd rlpajicial.
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Chaht.es Sutro .t Co.]
San Francisco, Thursday, Jan. 27, 1875.
Legal Tenders in S. F„ 11 a. m., 89i-i to 89,^.
Got.D Bars, 890. Silver Bars, 3« per cent, discount.
Exchange on N. Y,, ,'$ per ceni. premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, IJjl and 2 per cent, discount.
Currency, 12K percent. On London— Bankers, 49>i : Com-
mercial, 50. Fane, 5 francs per dollar.
London— Consuls, 92'2 io 92^: Bonds. 9076: Liverpool
Whe«t 9s. 3d. io 9s. 7d . 9-s. 8d. to Wa ; Club 9s. 9d. : lOd. 3d.
Quicksilver in S. F., by the flask, per lb, $1,55
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
California Savings and Loan Society,
512 California Street, San Francisco, have declared a
dividend of nine and six-tenths {9 6-10) per cent, per
annum on Term Deposit* ana eight (8) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the half year ending
31st December, 1874, free from Federal Tax, and paya-
ble on and after Wednesday, 6th January, 1875. By
order,
3-v29 lm D. B. CHI9HOLM, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
San Francisco Savings Union, 532
California Street, Cor. Webb, for the half year ending
with December 31st, 1874, a dividend has been declared
at the rate of nine (9) per cent, per annum on Term
Deposit*, and seven and one-half (7 S ) per cent, od or-
dluary Deposit*, free of Fi<deral Tax, payable on and
afte r January 13th, 1875. By order,
3-V.W-lm LO VELL WH ITE, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Bank of the Western Savings and
Trail i'..8«u Francisco, Jan. 4 th, 1875. Depositor*'
1'ivi.l.iL.I -The Directors of this Corporation have Huh
iUy d> I -lured the Ami-annual dividend, at the rate of
en (10) {wr rent, per annum OH Tl rm DcpOflltS. aud
tight (81 per cent, on Ordinary Deposits, payable on
BOdafnU Jaim.try lutli. 1876. BttbOOffla 01 llio Bank
northeast Donw "[ Post uint Kearny streets.
F. Cl.VY.
Vlco-Presldent and CaBhier.
H. J It turn. President, 3-vO-lm
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of
HAVINGS have declared a Dividend for the half year
ending December 81, 1874. at the rate of ten per oaat.
per innum on term, eight percent, per annum ou clasti
one ordinary, aud nix per cent per annum on elai-s two
<>r>liu;irv de-puna*, payable un aud after January 15th,
1875. By order G. M. CONDER, OaabJer,
3v9-Im-bp
DIVIDEND NOTICE^
Savings and Loan Society, 619 Clay
Street. The Board of Directors have declared a divi-
dend for the six monthB ending December 31, 1874, of
Nine per cent, per annum on all deposits free of Fed-
eral tax, and payable on and after January 15, 1875.
By order CYBUB W. CARMAN Y, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Masonic Savings and Loan Bank, No. 6
Pust street. Masonic Temple, San Francisco. At a meet-
ing of the Board of Directors of this Bank, held Janu-
ary 18th, 1875, a dividend was declared at the rate of
nine and one-half (9Jtf) per cent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (7k) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the semi-annual
term ending January 21st, 1875, payable on and after
January 28th, 1875, free of all taxes.
H. T. GRAVES, Secretary.
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
No. 41 Second street,
Sacramento
ACCUMULATED FUND, NEARLY
i,sso,ooo.oo.
$100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with the Cali-
fornia Stato Department as security for
Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND STANFORD President
J. H. CARROLL Vice-President
JOS. CRACKBON Secretary
All Policies issued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, are exempt from execution by the laws of Cal-
fornia. THE ONLY STATE LN THE UNION that pro-
vides for this exemption.
£7"PolicieB issued by this Company are non-forfeita-
ble, and all profits are divided among the insured.
Policies may be made payable in Gold or Currenoy,
as the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive Committee :
Leland Stanford, J. H. Carroll,
Robt. Hamilton, Samuel Lavekson,
Jas. Cakolan.
SCHREIEEE & HOWELL,
n-29-eow-bp-3m General Agents, Sacramento.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Seligznsm & Co,
I<ondon Office No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, 56,000, 000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid in, $1,500,000.
Remainder subject to call.
Dxbectobs IN London— Hon. Hugh McOulloch, Reuben
D. Sassoon, William F. Scholfield, Isaac Seligman, J alius
Sington.
Managers:
F, F. LOW and IONATZ STEINHABT,
San Fbahoihod.
The Bank is now prepared to open accounts, receive de-
posits, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and isene
Letters of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on proper securities. 2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF 8AK FUiJCISI'O.
Capital, One Million. Dollars.
O. W. KELLOGG _ President.
H. F. HASTINGS Mnnsger.
tt. N. VAN BBTJNT _ CashMr.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street. San Francisco.
Kountse Brothees, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, npos
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Eeceive consignments of Sold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash, advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and. Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush Btreet, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tt e. MAHE, Director.
Vi\M ajid Other Companies.
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company—
Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco. California. Location of works, Central Hill,
Calaveras County, California.
Nones.— There »r<» delinquent upon the following
described itock, on account of asaeasuient, fljo. a,)
levied on the 7th day of December, 1874, the several
amounts act opposite the names of the resoectivo
shareholders, at) follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
W H Knight, trustee 9 lKTfi £93 76
W U Knight, trustee 61 1875 9. 75
0 H Stover 15 600 25 00
C H Stover 10 600 38 Dtl
C H Stover 14 500 9S DO
t' II Stover 17 375 18 76
(i K Bokloy B 760 37 60
And 111 accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 7th day of December,
1874, so many shares ol each parcel of such stuck as
may be necessary will be sold ut public auction at the
office of the Company, 821 Battery street, ban Francisco
Cal., on Monday, the twenty-fifth day of January. 1 8TB,
at 12 o'clock, u. to pay delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
ABBAM SHEAR, Secretary.
Office, 321 Battery street, San Francisco. California,
(office of U. S. Internal Bevenue Collector.)
POSTPONEMENT.— By order of the Board of Direc-
tors of the Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company, the
above advertised sale is postponed to Tuesday, February
23d, 1875, at 12 o'clock M., and will take place at the
office of the Secretary, No. 321 Battery street.
i30-4t By order. ABRAM SHEAR, Secretary.
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal-
fornia. Location of works, Soquel, Santa Cruz County,
California,
Notice is horeby given, tbatat a meeting of the Board of
■ rectors, held on the 26th day of January. 1875, an as-
sessment of Five Dollars per Bh&re was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company. 314 California street, San Francisco, Ual.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of March, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for a&le at publio auetion. and unless
payment is made before, will be sold ou the 22d day of
March,
with costs
', to pay the delinquent assessment, together
of advertising anil expenses of sale. ifcK
LOUIS rKANCONI, Secretary.
Office, No. 311 California Btreet, San Francisco. Ual.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Location of principal place of business. Sun
Francisco, California. Location of works, Nashville, El
Dorado county, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Directors,
Ueld on the 14th day of January, 1875, an assessment of
(CD one dollar per share was levied upon the capital stock
of the corporation, payable immediately, in United States
gold coin, to tho Secretary, at the office of the company,
408 California Btreet, room 16, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the sixteenth day of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent and advertised for sale at publio auction, and un-
less payment is mode before, will be sold on Friday, the
5th day of Mnrch, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California.
Confidence Mining Company — Location
of principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location of works, Tuolumne County, State of Califor-
nia.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the sixteenth day ot January, 18.5, an
assessment of thirty (30) cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediaiely
in United States Kold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company, 210 Battery street, San Francisco, Califor-
nia.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Tnesday, the twenty-third day of February, a. D.,
1875, will be delinquent, and advertised for sale at public
auction, and unless payment is made before, will he sold
on Wednesday, the seventeenth day of March, 1875, to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale.
W. S. ANDERSON, Secretary.
Office, 210 Battery street. San Francisco, Cal.
Electric Mining Company— Location of
Principal placeof business, San Francisco, Cal.
NoncK — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on acconnt of assessment, lev-
ied on the twenty-eighth day of November, 1874, the
several amounts set opposite the names of the respec-
tive shareholders, as follows:
Names, No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
GeoHasen 301 300 15 00
CJRader 302 160 7 60
CJRader 324 1060 53 00
OJRader 330 - 300 15 00
O J Rader 331 100 6 00
C JRader 332 1200 60 00
TBWingard Trustee 322 50 2 50
TBWingard Trustee 326- 100 5 00
TIB Wingard Trustee 347 2825 141 25
JBHoughtoa 90- 50 2 60
JBHoughton 91 25 1 25
J B Houghton 392 41 2 05
JB Houghton 202 J* HHc
J BHoughton... 314 475 23 75
WmR McCaw 3481 150 7 50
John Mullen J5S 760 37 50
<3t W Malone 56 50 2 50
8W Malone &7 50 2 60
GW Malone rf. 68 50 2 60
GW Malone 59 50 2 50
G W Malone 60 50 2 50
G W Malone 177 1000 60 00
G W Malone 206 187 9 35
GWTerrill 51 500 25 00
M Ellsworth 17S 50 2 60
G W Mullen Trustee 04 100 6 00
GTOMullinTrustee 604 150 7 50
Mrs Annie Woods 76 100 5 00
Mrs Annie Woods 131 500 25 00
Mrs Annie Woods 280 550 27 50
Mrs Annie Woods 303 147 . 7 35
MrsAnoie Woods 318 300 15 00
MrB Annie Woods 346- 6C0 30 00
Herbert Eastwood 102 50 2 50
Herbert Eastwood 224 7 35
E Wolleb, Trustee 106 25 1 25
E Wolleb, Trustee 113 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 114 100 6 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 115 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 116 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 117 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 118 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 11» 100 6 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 121 50 2 50
E Wolleb, Trustee 122 100 . 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 123 100 5 00
E Wolleb, Trustee 121 50 2 50
E Wolleb, Trustee 294 138 6 90
0 WClayes 145 600 25 00
Joseph White ...154 250 12 50
Joseph White 155 250 12 50
Joseph White 255 75 3 75
Louisa Thompson 239" 60 3 00
Henrietta Grant 240 60 3 00
Wm. H.Sharp 163 100 5 00
Wm. H. Sharp 241 15 75
M. G. Rader 31T 1700 85 00
J. B.Weston 183 75 3 75
J. B. Weston* 30* 25 1 25
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
J. W. Wesson 257 176 8 76
J. W. Wesson 313 125 6 26
Aud in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 28th day of November,
1874, so many shares of each parcel of said Stock as
may be aeoeflapy, will be sold at public Miction at the
salesroom of Maurice Dore k Co., No. 32d Pine street,
San Francisco, on tho 25th day of January, 1876, at the
hour or 12 o'clock, M. of said day, to pay said deliuquent
usesHmonl Uiernon, together wlthcoraiof advertising
and expanses of the sale.
T. B. W1XGARD, Secretary.
Office— Bqpm 13, No. 318 California street, S. F.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above sale Is hereby post-
poned until Monday, Feb. 8th, 1875, at the same hour
mid place. By order of the Board of Trustees.
j30-lt T. B. WINGARD. Secretary.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
Sanv. Principal plact ot baainesa, City and Uuuntyof
an Efranaisoo, State of Calif^ruit. Location of wurko,
Ciie-ryCreek Mining Dimiict, White I'ioo County, Ne-
vada.
Nonce is In- ruby Riven that at a meeting of tho B iftrd of
Directors, held on tlio 2d day of January, IM6. ai assosa-
munt oi twenty cunts per share wa» leviuu upon (he
capiUl stock of tin; corporation, paynble luiuiudtateh , tu
United Stttes cold coin, to the -<.'or>tury, ut the office
of tbe Company, Room 11. JMi Montgomery Btrei
Francisco.
Any stoik mum which this assessment shall remain un-
paid <<t> the 8th day of February, 1875. will bo delinquent,
and advertised rur*aleat public auction, and unlt-i-* pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on Monday the dr^t day
of March, 1876, to pay the delinquent asso^-tnnum, tog^tlior
With Loa a of advertising und expenses of «ale.
I. T. MILLIKIN, Secretary.
Omen— Room 11. No. '.W2 Mnnl'.'tnuury .-truot, S. F.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of works. Lower Runchune, Amadur County, 1 al.
DfuUoe i» herehy given, that at u ill' ft 11. 1,' of the Hoard of
1 Trustees of said Company hcM on thu 1th day of January,
t 1875, an assessment of twenty-five outs per share was
1 levied upon the uupital stock 01 said Company, payable
.-immediately, in United States guld coin, to tliu Secretary,
> at llfiLeidesdorff street
. Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the tith day of February, 1875, shuLl be deemed
delinquent, and will be duly advertised for sule at publio
auction, and unless payment shall be made before, will
be sold on Saturday, the 21st day of February, i875, to
pay the deliuquent assessment together with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale. By order of the board
of Trustees,
W. AUGS. KNAPP, Seoretary.
Officp.— 116 Leldesdorff street. San Francisco.
Germania Mining Company — The An-
nual Meeting of the stockholders of tho Germania Min-
ing Company, for the purpose of electing a Board of
Directors, and such other business as shall properly
come before the meeting, will be held at the office of
the company, room 16, 408 California street, San Fran-
cisco, California, on the 1st day of February, 1875, at
the hour of 1 o'clock p. m.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
-kGolden Rule" Silver Mining Company —
Location of principal place of business, San iran-
cisco, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied
on the 8th day of December, 1874, the several amounts
set opposite the namcB of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. ShareB. Amount.
J Wertheimer, Trustee 1 2fi $125
J Wertheimer. Trustee 2 25 1 25
J Wertheimer, Trustee .3 25 125
J Wertheimer, Trustee 4 25 125
■John P Sanders, Trustee.,.. 8 60 2 60
A Meyer, Trustee 10 6 25
F A Borel, Trustee 17 26 125
John P Sanders, Trustee ... .22 100 6 00
John P Sanders, Trustee 23 100 5 00
Jscob Sunstatt, Trustee 31 20 1 00
Jacob Sunstatt, Trustee:... .41 40 2 00
Wm Small, Trustee 42 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 58 100 6 C9
A Meyer, Trustee 69 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 60 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 61 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 62 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 63 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 64 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 65 1C0 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 60 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 67 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee unissued 11625 681 25
F Uri, Trustee unissued 3375 168 76
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 15th day of De-
cember, 1874, so many shares of each parcel of said
stock as may be necessary, will be sold at public auc-
tion in front of the office of said Company, 530 Clay
street, San Francisco, on the 15th day of February, 1875,
at the hour of 2 o'clock, p. M., of said day, to pay
delinquent assessments thereon, together with costs
of advertising and eipenseB of sale.
K. WERTHEIMER, Secretary.
Office, 530 Clay street, San Francisco, Oal.
Kearsarge Consolidated~Quicksilver Min-
ing Company,
Notice is hereby given that at ameeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 28th day of December, 1874,
an assessment, No. 1, of 30 cents per share was levied
upon the capital sto k of the corporation, payable im-
mediately, in United Status gold and silver coin to the
Secretary, No. 408 California street, San Francisco. Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain
unpaid on the eighth of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at publio auction, and
unless payment be made before, will be Bold on Mon-
day, the 22d day of February, 1875, to pay the delin-
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
JAMES McHAFFEE, Secretary.
Office Rooms, 10 & 11— No. 408 California strees, San
Francisco, Cal.
Manhattan Marble Company of California.
Location of principal place of business. San Francisco
California. Location of works, Oakland, Alameda
County, State of California.
Notice is hereby given, that at ft meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 8th day of January, 1875, an assessment,
fNo. 6) of two dollars per share was levied upon the cap-
ital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold com, to 1 he Secretary of the company,
at his office, Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
Any stock upon which t hi? assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 20th day of February, lSTft. shall be deemed
delinquent, and advertised for sale at publio auction, and
unless payment is made before, will be Bold on Saturday,
the 13th dav of Ma- ch, 1875, at 12 o'clock M., to pay the de-
linquent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale,
L. L. ALEXANDER, Sec'y.
Office— Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisoo,
California.
Orleans Mining Company— Location of
principal place of business San Francisco, Cal. Loca-
tion of works, Grasa Valley Township, Nevada County,
Oal.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Trus-
tees held on the 4th day of January, 1875, an assessment
(No. 2) of one dollar ($1) per share was levied upon the
oapital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room B, 315 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Oal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 9th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on Tvesday, the 2d
day of March,i!875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J.V NE SMITH, Secretary.
Office-Room 6, No. 315 California street, S. F.
ft}
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[January 36, 1875.
ipipg JVIacliipery.
TEATS' PATENT FU-ttiVACE
For Boasting:, Desulphurizing, Chloridizing;
and Oxidizing- Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
nee. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gages. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining and Scientific Phesb, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars address
D. B. MILLER & CO-,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, fee, will he furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MII^LS,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
which are I
■Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock-Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and general Mining Machinery in _all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promply filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
EAGLE IMPROVED CHLORINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1873.)
Parties desirous of building abovo furnace, or for any
information on same, address,
I. T. BUXLIKEN,
a31 No. 302 Montgomery St., room No. 14, 3. F.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Has an iron
frame, five steel arras with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike 2,0i 0 blows per minute, m a mortar provided
with screens on both sides, and crushes FINE 600 lbs. per
bonr, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and la guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE, $ii00.
G. D. CROCKER,
I7v26-tf 916 California street. Ban Francisco.
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Rock Drill Conroaiiy.
— MAMUFACTUBEBB OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for IBlasting-, Putnam Ma-
[chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
PARKE «fc LACY,
310 California St., S. F.
CES i. m.
I c
Pi
s *° °
21v28-3m-hd
t? 2 2 n> n n n n 2. p ,2 £ H S" £'
Sooo bccMMH-Gv:^ 2,2. 2
SB'S'"" tit? a\ «!f: Z.Z.
l|&; %"■■■. I: &■ 5,'E.
f £ & ■ • '■ '• • m; £&: BP
■ ■ : • • * • ■ .5 ; p §*-' &&
■ •■'•"•*■■ ^ ■ S- S : s s
MMH tfUH
CO da +. Q>^ y ^ ^
y — i a J---
Ml I UHM OCKCI Q* t3 SI
l'l iO!-il-»M © O si -aCOCl
I I k-il-'tsi-' *OOttil -qwci
M CO J- 00 !-> •-■ *- tO h^
t-»SiW"0P bSHOl M
I I V -^ bB W M H» t* Cft O l-» © tf»- 00
^ H* hj at Spit* en hi L
»
HCOOlM tObOCO M M
I I [ HWWIOPOilt-OHICiOlO
oi -a h^ oo u-o o i
i<U#>bOMMOHUt03;o
•. k w i: - ^ r. i ^- io -i t:
-rf^cnccbs. -a-i(DUi-Oi*
to «• |-» .(_>rti-t->MI-
— ~TO00»l^tO. gOtDBk
t-i o
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAT 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound-
San Fkancisco, Novemher 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quarts MilU and Mining Men generally:
■We tafce pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce' the cost of bteel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 1G cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that you will find them at least 10 per
cent-cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iroD. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in upb in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippie gs, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco, Terms liberal.
Address all orders, with dimensions, to
-3m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building, S. P
Stamp Mill For Sale at Ophir Canon,
Nye County, Nevada. Midway between Austin and
Belmont, belonging to the Twin River Consolidated
Mining Co. A complete mill, comprising twenty (20)
8001h stamps, (dry-crushing) with Rock Breaker, Pans,
Settlers, and entire outfit of milling appliances;
together with an excellent engine (18x42), two tubular
boilers and all requisite shafting, gearing, belting, &c;
vaaluable lot of Sierra Nevada timber in Battery
frames and building. The whole Is offered cheap. For
further information apply to J AS. D. HAG-TJE,
17v28-3m 240 Montgomery St., S. F
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDT, No. 82 Fremont Street.
NTMKOD BAULSIB.
BICHAUD O. HANSON
Kioh&ed G. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
IMPOETERS OF ALT. KINDB OF
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION HOLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PHESSBD LEATHER FOR PUMP8,
Ligxum Vitse for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET.
Near Market, *an fiuncibco
lietalliirgy and Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington Btreet, SAN FRANCISCO '.
We would call the special attention of ABfiayera I
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted Btock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND —
Chemical Apparatus,
Having DGon engaged In furnishing these supplies sine
thf first discovery of mines on the Pacific Oast.
BET" Oni- Gold and Silver Tahles, showing the value I
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26-tf JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
TMs Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of themuller forces '
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
pusses down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
It 1b constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Kill-men ore invited to examine these pans and setters
for themselves, at the office. 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro- '
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HUHN,
C. A. LUCEHABDT,
Mining1 Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODQERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
AU7ANCE8 MADE
ton ell lclnda of Ores, und pat-tlcaltkr ulte:illw«
PAID TO
COKHieNU KK'VH OF OOOJI.
4vl0-3m
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, S. F.)
Assayer and i>tetfilliii*£rie<^
CHEMIST,
No. All Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint
San Fhanoisco Oal. 7VJ1-Sm
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and Assayers, Rooms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Analysis of
Ores, Mineral Waters, Etc. 8v28-3m
WATEK TANKS of any capacity, made entire
by machinery. Material the best in use;constructio
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cos
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Miasion & Fremont Streets.
8y28-3m-Ba
anuary 30, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
79
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co. Machinery Depot, San Francisco-
Tru- Califokma Vnstn and Mattiieb 1h got-
icn tip from new patterns specially for this
Coast. It has Cant Sit*] Slotted Cylinder Iliad,
running In patent aelf oiling boxen; Matcher
B|.ii](ll.» *!*-> of the- U«i.t c*ft MmL The Gears
it* all protecrwl with iron eovern. Will plane
t« Id. wide and 6 In. thick, and tongue and
[roore 14 In. wide. Will make tustlc
ijjiI tttf.k gutter*, or heavy monldlnK**. etc., and
l the best Job Ma- bine ever built.
17"We have alwavH on hand a largo anaort-
icnt <>( I'Uning Kill UaebtDery, all of the late*t
inproveiiii-iitM. Including Planers, Moulding,
iorticingiiud Tenoning Ma.-lmi' s. Band and Jig
lam, fcc, Ate. Bend for Catalogues and prieeB.
TREADWELL & CO.,
9Tl9-eow-tf San Francisco"
Iron. Working Machinery.
Adjustable Saw Quaue
Foot Power
lmpruvnu Oaw Arbors.
Z¥X3frXJV*
JLJ1_JL_11_J1 IL
Planer Knives of all sizes on band-
Improved Band Saws.
Iron and Machine tofe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
33 ud 125 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
3F. I. CURRY,
■ate Foreman of the Vulcan Iron WorkB,) Proprietor
tigh and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
IOLE MANUFA0TURER9 OF THE CELEBRATED
■SPIHAI^ BOILER.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
it the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17v25-3m
ron
THE RISDON
and Locomotive Works,
NCORPORATED APRIL 90, 1868.
CAPITAL fl ,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets.
BAH FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
sill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
md8tationa.y), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
ure). All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
■rices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
dseph Moore,
7m. Norris,
Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
rj|. H.TAYLOR President
OSEPH MOORE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
,EWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vl7-u.y
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
■AJIOrAOTDBBBB OF
SrEAlVT. ENGI1VE8,
irjuartz, Flour and Saw Mills,
1 iye>' Improved Steam Pomp, Hrodte'* Im-
proved Crusher, Mining Fompi,
Amalgamator*, and all kind*
of Machinery.
N. K. oorner of Tehama and Fremont atroota, above How.
■trect, San Franolaco. J-qy
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAIHTFAOTDBBBB OF
1'TEA.M EIVGJJVES, BOILERS,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
lunbar's Patent Self- Adjusting Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all klnda off Mining- Machinery.
Front atroet, between K and O strneaa,
Sacramento City.
CZEnSTTIEILNriLSriJLIj ZPJLCIKIIlsrGi-.
SELF-LUBBICATING.
FOR
Locomotive
Marine and
Stationary
ENGINES.
FOR
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF ALL KINDS.
The CENTENNIAL ia composed of the fluent Hemp, made in strands or sections, of different sizes, each be-
ing saturated in a composition of pure German Black Lead and Tallow and covered with a braiding of the best
Italian Hemp to be found in the market. It is manufactured in a shape the moBt convenient to use and
handle, and gives from 50 to 100 per cent, moro length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs
with less friction on the rod than any other Packing made, from the fact of its being so perfectly soft and
pliable, and so well lubricated so to require a minium pressure on the rod. It cuts off smooth and makes per-
fect joints, is easily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires occasionally a new ring to keep the stuffing box
full. ENGINEERS, TKY IT. For sale in any quantity by TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco-
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PDMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ESGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFG. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
Golden State Iron Works. I The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
TQE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standing, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Empire Foundry,
Nob. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Street, San Fhanoisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts, Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French RangeB, Burial CasketB, Grates and
Fenders, Koad-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
GipBies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes. Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. *v30-lyr.
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet. Howard and FolBom, San Fmncisco
Machinery and Oaatinfffl of all kinds.
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt "Works.
MANUFACTUBEBS OF AIX KINDB OP
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, San Franolsco. 4v241y
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
Na>. 18S Viral street, opposite Minna.
SAN FRANCISCO.
All Kians of Brass, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Met.
Casting,, BraflB Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes. Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hlnfies.Ship and Steamboat Bellsano
Qonesof superior tone. All kindsof Cocks and VaNes, Hy
draullc Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of ail sizes and patterns, furnished with aispatch
W PRICES MODERATE. -S
I. W. WEED. V. KINBWELU
G. W. PresOOTT.
I
W. R. ECKAET. „
Marysville Foundry,
CAL.
MARYSVILLE, .-----
PRESCOTT & EOKAS'rf
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hois ing Machinery, Saw and Grist Milt Irons, House
Fronts. Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription mudc to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 First Street.
Sam Francisco.
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & Cft.,
Builders of QUARTZ, V8AW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keatlng-'s Sack Printing Presses,
The Economy Htdraulio Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
THEODORE KAIXENBERG.
MACHINIST,
and Maker of Models for InventorB. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small Gears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and In the
best manner. No. S3 Fremont street, S. F. lOySS^m
STEIGER & KERR,
IRON FOUN DER*«f.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepbusm Roller Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
Jno. P. Banetn. Established 1850. A.P. Bratton
Pacific Iron Works,
First Street,
San Francisco.
Geo. W. Fogtr, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & CO., Props.
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AMD —
Every Variety of Shafting:,
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shaft*. Cranks, Plitoa and Can*
j nectlns Bod*, Car and Locomotive Axle*
and Frame*
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IflOlV
Of every description and size
a»- Order* addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING HILL
COMPANY. P. O- box 2033. San Francisco, Oal.. will re-
ceive prompt attention.
oy The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO, OAL.
JOHN L- HEALD, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills. Stationary
and Portable Steam Engines. PumpB, etc. Boilera
built and repaired, and all kinds of Iron and Brass
Castings furnished at short notice.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOXJIVr>ItY,
Hi) and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard,
dan Fnncisco.
LIGHT ABTI> HEAVY CASTOrM,
of every description, manufactured, •• vlSar
80
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
("January 30, 1875.
(0
Sa2<>Sa$s a
POETABLE STEAM ENGINE.
*i^ .£«■■£ s a £
5 « =) cop So"?
j3b „ ja a
-»* Baa ^n«.n-wiifiiQa. -«^.> a> « m m *d £ »!
0
0
Q
05
■8 3
C °
o
- p^
(A s
V i
C
"5irf
u
9 ** -d o 3 ia y ^ f to
a o K ^ « g_« R.B p,^
-S^p.5 .«*3»;3e»»a;.5flt"0w*-e.ap - £ -a s-
•a c f S ,Sj'j,"2 5w,H'(i^,= 'i , o ** o _ _ o
*liiifigla»gsi!iri^-islii«
■~"o go g af
The above cuts represent the new style "HOADLEY" variable cutoff 15 Horse-Power Portable Engine. We have same style and < ize mounted oni
wh- els as a Threshing Engine for the EutBell End-shake Separator. We have all sizeB from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES neat
no recommendation from us. We have sold them in California tor 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The last great Improve-'
ment is the Cut-off Governor, thus giving tbem all the economy and increased power of the moBt thorough built stationary engine.
8=?-Millmen, Mine-owners and Mining Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of the
" HOADLEY " before purchasing. Circulars and prices sent free on appplicatiou. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco. j
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Scientific Press, November 7th, 1874.
i
1
1
1
1
E
i
I
/
F
\
Patented November 25th, 1873.
BANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OP WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 2Sth, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Pbess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IBON\
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Press, November 15th, 1873.
For planB and rights to use, address
2lv29-16p-eow-3m p. FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
GLOBE IIR/DILST "WOIRylECS.
P. A. HUNTINGTON, Proprietor. N03. 143 and 145 Fremont Street, S. F.
MANUFACTURER of
SHINGLE, LATH
—AND—
Picket Machines,
PORTABLE
— AND—
Station ax-y
STEAM ENGINES
|_ And Saw Mill Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
General Jobbing Promptly
Attended to.
HUNTINGTON'S PATENT SHINGLE MACHINE.
For Bimplioits, durability and rapidity of action, these machines have no equal, cutting from 3,500 to 4,000 per hour.
T bey are now oaed by all the principal millmen on the Pacilio Coast,
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for trie best
I
In the great National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1871, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared tbe victors.
We have made special shipping arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Pacific Coast. l&fONLY SEVKN DAYS BY MAIL FROM SAN FRANCISCO."^ Send your address fur a full
report of the greut National Sawing ConteBt, and the class of saws that >ou use, with tlic thickness, size and
Itind that you use, and specify such as you will require within the next 60 days. We will guarantee to furnish'
you with wawB tbat have no equal in quality, and at prices that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, J0RQ & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
THE PACIFIC
REDUCTION WOEKS.
GUIDO KUSTEL
Supeiintendent.
WILL PURCHASE GOLD AND SILVER HEARING ORES, CTJPERIFEROUS SILVEBi
ORES, GOLD STTLPHTJRETS, ETC., AT THE HIGHEST RATES, OR WORK
THE SAME.. FOR ACCOUNT OP OWNERS.
Office, SIO .Front Street, San Francisco.
4v29-6m-16p
GIANT P0WDEE.
.Patented May »6, I SOS.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GHANT POWDER., NO. S,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves iroin^JO to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
<y The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States,
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3m!6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
w.
T. GARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Eremont Streets,
UANTTFAOTTTBEBS OF
Brass, Zino and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
C A8TIN GS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TIVEKM AND LAND 11ELI.S, «ON«8,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPfl.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cooks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oir
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES tor mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
(^-Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
Cazin's Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator— One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a Bizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de>
livering two or 1'okt sizes of ore to two or four rows of
sieves, each row independent of the other, and each
having 5 sieves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-cla sb.ores into"'
let-class ores of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter; — galena and silver eulphurets from
pyrites, baryta and quarlz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machines consti*
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most cases for the requirements of western mineB, with'
a capacity of 15 or 21) tons per 24 hours.
For particulars apply to,
F. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co.
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2226, or corner of
Blake and 32d itreets. ag8-16p
Thursday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early m the week as possible.
II I u s irate d J o urn a i
l-n i <<>it woll.-ltor*.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 6, 1875.
VOLUME XXX
Number G.
The Protracting Sextant— A New Instru-
ment for Hydrographic Surveying.
At the last meeting of the California Academy
of Sciences, T. .T. Lowry, of the United States
Coast Survey read a paper on the Protracting
Sextant (a new instrument for hydrographic
surveying), which he lately invented; and hav-
ing received the favorable opinions of Prof.
Geo. Davidson and other distinguished scien-
ists, geometers and hydrographers, as enabling
one observer to do that for which two sex-
tants and one protractor and two observers are
now required, it is now given to the scientific
world.
We have represented here in the annexed
figure "The Protracting Sextant," consisting
of a circle />, graduated to degrees and min-
utes from the zero point around by the right
and left each way to one hundred and eighty
degrees, and three radiating protractor arms,
/, o and h. The arm g, is fixed with its true
edge at the zero point of graduation, and the
other two / and h, are capable of being re-
volved around the hollow cylindrical axis of
the circle. Between this fixed, and each
of these moveable protractor arms, we
have an index arm — and each of these
indices m and n, also fixed in the center of the
circle a common center of motion, and carries
an index-mirror mounted perpendicular to its
plane of motion but slightly eccentrically so
that the hollow axis of the instrument can be
readily gotten at. Along these index arms m
and n, are cut rectangular slots (whose longi-
tudinal axes are radii of the circle), in which
slide the projecting ends of the pivots which
rivet the equal rectangular bar3, o, s, and u, w,
together. And these indices and protractor
arms are so connected by means of jointed
parallelograms that the right hand index-arm
always bisects the angle included between
the fixed and right hand protractor arms, and
the left hand index always bisects the angle
-contained by the fixed and left protractor arms.
Now by a well known optical principle we
know that the angular distance moved over by
-a mirror while measuring an angle is only one-
ialf of the actual angle measured, and since
each of the moveable protractor arms of this
instrument is by means of this jointed paral-
lelogramic gearing, driven along its arc sirnul-
taneously with and twice as fast as its corres-
ponding index-arm (and mirror), we hence see
(bat the angles included between the fixed and
moveable protractor arms are the aotual angles
which the indices (and their mirrors) have
measured.
The index mirrors y and z, may be mounted
to move either in the same or in parallel planes,
as shown in the forms of the writer's two-angle
sextants described in the proceedings of the
Academy, February 16th, 1874, and in the
Minino and Scientific Press of February 21st,
1874. A horizon glass, x, balf-silvered to
admit of direct and reflected vision is attached
to the frame of the instrument nearly opposite
the index-mirrors, with its plane perpendicular
to the plane of the instrument. The arms f
and h, are clamped and adjusted with the ordi-
nary clamp and tangent screws, I and fc.
The requisite adjustments of the "Protract-
ing Sextant" are the same as those of the ordi-
nary sextant. When observing with the
new Protracting Sextant, the hydrographer
holds it lightly in his right hand and moves it
until its face is in the plane passing through
his eye, i, and the three objects A, B, C, whose
angular distances are required, and then sets
and clamps his index arm so that the reflected
and direct images of the objects (say left hand
and middle) of one of the angles which he is
to measure, are not coincident yet approaching
on account of the progress of the boat, then
with the second index glass he makes the di-
rect and reflected images of the middle and
right hand objects coincident, and keeps them
coincident with tangent screw until the first
two objects become coincident, then clamps,
and he has the two singles obs'ive'l ut tin- same
instant — and also has them svt off on tbe
proper limbs n£ the instrument simultaneously
wi'h, and by the same effort lhat measured the
angles. And hence after moasuring two con-
in loted angles with this instrument wo have
only to layit down on the "Field Sheet" (which
should always be spread ou a board before the
observer in the boat), and shift it until the
fiducial edges of the three protractor arms
traver'Othe three points, (representing the sig-
nals observed upon), and the center of the in-
strument will then occupy, the relative place of
the observer; now dot the center and the posi-
tion is plotted, without any of those tedions
transfers of angles from the limbs of sextants
to the limbs of the protractor which are un-
avoidably incident to the execution of practi-
cal hydrography with the forms of sextants
and protractors now in general use.
However, with the hydrographer, it is neces-
sary to read the angles off of the instrument
jects very close should not be observed on ac-
count of the parallax of the instrument.
The Protnciiug Sextant should have supple-
mentary attachments, (such as were described
by the writer befjre the Academy, February
ICth. 1874), so that angles between one hun-
dred and forty, and one huudred and eighty
degrees may be measured with equal facility
with those of smaller magnitude. But these
larger angles cunnot be plotted in the usual
way, for they are too great to be set off at the
saiue time on the limbs of the instrument be-
cause of the jamming of the moveable pro-
tractor arms — now under this contingency if
we have no tracing paper and don't wish to
sweep the circles of position, then we may use
the following easy and accurate method of plot-
ting by supplementary angles, viz: — Suppose
.1, j3 and 6, the left, middle and right hand
objects on which are measured two angles, too
laige to be set off on the limbs of the protractor
at ihe same time — then set off the supplement
MWET'S PROTRACTING SEXTANT.
and record them for future reference and closer
plotting ou the "Office Sheet."
The angles observed with the Protracting
Sextant or any other reflecting instrument are
measured in the plane of the objects. If this
plane be inclined to the horizon and a result
rigorously accurate be sought, the angles of
elevation of each station above the horizon
should at the same time be observed to afford
data for reducing the hypostheDeusal to the
horizontal angle. But this reduction may be
neglected in all cases where the difference of
elevation of tbe objects does not exceed two or
three degrees and when the observed angle is
larger than (the minimum angles allowed in
in determining aboat's position by observations
from the boat) , twenty or twenty-five degrees—
for, the reduction to the horizon would, in such
cases, deal with quantities more minute than
tbe amount of error to which the measures of
all angles observed at an unstable station are
liable. When the difference of the objects is
considerable, an ideal vertical line may be
drawn from the highest object downward to
an elevation corresponding to that of the
lower object, and the angle measured between
this vertical line and the lower object— this
with some experience and correctness of eye
will give results sufficiently near the truth, i. «.
within Ihe limit of the errors of plotting. Ob-
of the left hand angle on the right hand limb
and the supplement of the right hand angle on
the left hand limh— cause the right and left
arms of tbe instrument to traverse points A and
0 respectively, and draw a line along the mid-
dle arm, then shift the center of protractor,
(taking care to keep the points A and 0 bisected
by the°true edges of right and left arms) and
draw another line along middle arm and the in-
tersection J, of the two lines thus drawn, will
be a point on the right line through point JS,
and the required place cf observation— draw
this line through S and J, and with the center
of the instrument on this line cause the fidu-
cial edges of the right and left arms to traverse
A and 0, respectively dot the center and this is
the place of observation.
Another method of plotting a position by
supplementary angles is to set off the right
hand angle on the left hand limb, and the sum
of the supplements of the observed angles on
the right hand limb o( the protractor— cause
the lett, middle and right arms to traverse the
middle, right and left signals respectively— dot
the center and it is the required position.
And this instrument also enables the hydro-
grapher and topographer to determine and plot
their positions by the two point problem, (in a
manner equal in accuracy and second only in
point of simplicity to that by the three point
problem), as shown by the writer at page 18 of
Vol. 2, of "The Analyist." And, in fact, with
one piece of tracing paper and the Alidade, the
topographer can plot his position, by the three
point problem — and with two pieces of tracing
paper and the Alidade, he can plot his position
by either the two or four point problems shown
by the writer at page 140, volume 1, of "The
Analyist."
This instrument also furnishes the ready
meanp of orienting the sounding boat. If out in
a bay, lake or river, or along near the sea coast
and your compass functions badly, and you
have while angleing or plotting, or for some
other reason lost your bearings, and hence wish
to catch some fixed object ahead or astern on
the general direction of the line you wish to
run — then take from the sheet, with the Pro-
tracting Sextant, the angle between some visi-
ble signal and the general direction on which
yo J desire to oontinue your line of soundings,
and then lifting the instrument to your eye,
shift it until you bring the image of this signal
into the horizon glass, and whatever fixed ob-
ject this image then covers will be a point on
the desired course. By this means, the hydro-
grapher, even if out on a large expanse of
waa r and swept about by winds and currents,
with his compass crazed by local attraction or
the heaving of the waves, may "orient himself "
and thus ply the helm more intelligently. And,
in fact, by this maneuver, and by observing
(and plotting as you go) twice or thrice as many
angles as must necessarily be recorded, the
boat can be steered without the aid of the com-
pass. These practical hints will be found to
come most opportunely to the relief of the dis-
tressed Hydrographer when surveying close in
shore along much of the Pacific coast, with its
beaches of ferruginous sand, or along the iron
bound shores of lake Champlain, where the
magnetic needle often becomes worse than
useless.
In nothing will the skill and dexterity of the
Hydrographer be more advantageously dis-
played than in deciding at once upon the line
his boat is to pursue, and with the glance of in-
tuition grasping all the conceivable combina-
tions of visible points that will determine his
position. But in practical hydrography no
less necessary than this skill and dexterity, is
rapidity of execution in determining positions;
and, to this end, with two observers the requi-
site promptness and eveness of action are often
found deplorably deficient, and that too, at
moments the most critical. A sunken rock or
reef is to be determined, and on it a sounding
gotten. The rock is found, the "cast" is
taken— tbe word "stand by for an angle" is
given — and at length comes the response,
r-e-a-d-y; by which time perhaps a tangent
screw is jammed (hard up,) or tbe boat has
drifted from over the rock, and thus the reward,
for hours, or it may be for days, of presistent
and arduous exertions is lost. And such mis-
haps must ever continue to recur where two
observers are called upon to act quickly and
simultaneously under exoiting oircumstances.
But if in the boat there is only one observer,
with a Protracting Sextant, then we may
confidentially expect that promptness and
onenes3 of action, in observing, under every
contingency, which are so essential to the rapid
and successful execution of a hydrographic
survey.
Although we do not presume to say that the
theory of this instrument is so obvious or its
manipulations so simple, that "the simpleton,
though he run may understand," or that the
smatterer and blind routiner (who could not
look a quadrilateral in the face without blush-
ing) may manipulate it with ease and accuracy,
yet we do not assert without the fear of a con-
tradiction, that to the eye of the ingenious
geometer, its theory is most clear, and that in
the hands of the hydrographer, who is a master
of his profession, this Protracting Sextant will
be found the ready and efficient means of de-
termining and plotting, (unassisted and alone)
his position, with a facility, ease and accuracy
not now attained with two ordinary sextants
and one protractor in the hands of two observ-
ers and one plotter.
The Santa Barbara Index learns that a move-
ment is on foot there which may lead to the
organization of a company for the purpose of
building a narrow gauge railroad from Santa
Barbara to Panamint and Cerro Gordo, via. San
Buenaventura and Elizabeth lake.
82
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 6, 18?
vORRESPONDENCE.
Chrome Ore In Napa County.
Editors Peess:— In Chiles' valley, fifteen
.miles from Yountville, has been discovered
chrome iron containing a very large percentage
of chromate of iron. The discoverer brought
the ore to Napa, not knowing what it was, or
its value. Dr. Boynton, with another party,
examined the ore and made a contract with the
man for all he could take out, at $15 per ton
delivered at Rutherford station. The cost of
hauling is about $3 per ton. Offers of $25 and
and $30 per ton have since been made, but the
contract binds.
With two men he took out some 1,000 tons
in a month. The ore would widen out and
then as they went down on the ledge would
shelve down again becoming narrower until it
disappeared entirely. Locations have been
made adjoining the discovery. Near the sur-
face some four or six tons will be picked out
when the deposit seems exhausted. Ongoing
deeper, a small streak will appear, widen out
and then narrow down again to nothing.
The discoverer has taken out some fifteen
hundred tons, and now the streak of ore is nar-
rowing and disappearing again. Since this
discovery several prospectors have brought in
specimens of chrome iron from the hills near
Napa, having very much the same appearance
as this ore from Chile's valley. I believe that
such ore is worth little unless it contains pvtr
60 per cent, of Chromate of iron. But even
with a higher percentage than that, would the
market be unlimited. M. E., Jb.
Napa, Jan. 20, 1875.
Colusa County Quicksilver Mines.
Editoes Press: — Having been a resident of
this place for four months, and not having seen
a communication from this mining district, I
give you a few personal observations. At
present we are engaged entirely in cinnabar
mining. The old sulphur banks have been
lying idle since the war prices, as they say the
present price of sulphur is not remunerative,
Sulphur Creek mining district is situated in
Colusa county, upon its extreme west side, and
the eastern side of Lake county, thirty-five
miles from Colusa. To reach it from your
city you can come by rail to Marysville and
stage to Colusa; or by rail to Knight's Land-
ing, and boat from there to Colusa. A tri-
weekly stage runs from thence to this place.
We have also the celebrated Wilbur hot sulphur
springs, visited by many and generally found
beneficial.
The mines have been operated for years, but
principally by men of limited means. During
the last year, however, more energy and some
capital has given a new start to the district,
and capital is looking around for investments.
There are at present about 250 miners at work.
As you ascend the creek the first croppings
that attract attention are those of the Amazon
mine, owned by Whitman & Co., of this place.
But very little work has been donH* upou the
vein. A quarter of a mile above is the hot
sulphur spring and Wilbur hotel. A short dis-
tance above is the Oriental mine. One half is
owned by Mr. Mahan, of your city, and the
oiher half by parties here. Considerable work
has been done upon the mine, showing good
ore, and in paying quantities. Next above,
and on the same side of the creek, is the Man-
zanita, owned by Dr. Hughes & Cherry, of this
place, but bonded for quite a sum. Consider-
able work has been done, and good ore is
found. It will no doubt change hands. Adjoin-
ing above are the Eureka and Montezuma,
both showing good ore and owned here.
Further up the creek quite a number of lo-
cations have been made, all of which are but
little worked until you arrive at the Elgin,
three miles above. This is one of the most
promising mines of the district. It is owned
by Smith, Milburn, and Mrs. Wilbur, all of
this place, and Chapin, of Colusa (incorpora-
ted). They have a large and well developed
vein of cinnabar, and with one retort, 500
pounds capacity, they keep the mine out of
debt and work quite a number of miners, mak-
ing improvements in roads, buildings, etc., and
opening the mine. But few mines can show
so good a record. Several other locations above
show but little work. However, one of our
experts, Andy Johnson, has decided upon the
richness of that locality and located where
promises big results. The Stookton Q. M. Co.
have their headquarters there also.
Some three miles to the south of the Elgin is
the Abbott mine, located by "Uncle Dick Ab-
bott," a pioneerin the district. It is at present
owned by Good, Ingram, Brim, Biddle and
others of this county. This is one of the best
developed mines in the district. The have a
Knox & Osborne ten ton furnace, and are ship-
ping 20 to 25 flasks per week, and are pushing
ahead with the opening of the mine, having
good roads, shops, boarding house, and all
necessary out-buildings. This is a dividend
paying mine, and when depth is attained must
be a fiue investment.
To the south and on the same vein we have
the Excelsior, owned by the Desternell Bros.
It has bold croppings and good ore, and is a
No. 1 prospect. The next on the same vein
south is the General Jackson, owned by Catlin,
Manch and others here. They are hauling ore
preparatory to reducing. The owners look
happy and hold "feet" high.
Keturning to the creek the first mine on our
right is the celebrated Buckeye. Superintendent
Caswell who has worked the mine up with
flasks for retorts, to small retorts and then to a
Knox & Osborn ten-ton furnace, with all neces-
sary improvements. The mine is paying and
is incorporated. It is owned Caswell, Smith,
Cranston and others here, by Judge Hatch, of
Colusa, and Belcher of Marysville. Like all
other mines here as they go down the ore body
increases in quantity and quality.
Next down the creek is the Empire with fine
prospects, and no doubt one of the first-class
mines of Sulphur creek. Owned by Van
Winlile, Perdue, Furth, Seube, Sr., Belton and
others all of this county.
The district is at present shipping 50 to 75
flasks mercury per week. This is certainly one
of the rich cinnabar districts of the coast and
ere long must attract capital to it. With that,
in a very short time, the shipments of mercury
would astonish the outside world. There are
many other locations in the district that I may
notice at another time. Bambler.
Sulphur Creek, Colusa county, Jan. 20, 1875.
The California Blue Lead in Oregon and
Washington Territory.
Editors Peess. — In the early days of "forty-
nine and fifty," the miners were of the opinion
that when the rivers, creeks and ravines were
worked out that the placer mines of California
would be exhausted, but such is not the case;
for since that time there has been another class
of mines discovered, commonly called the
deep gravel mines, of which the " Blue Lead
is the most extensive and profitable. This lead
was discovered ' first at Miuesota, in Sierra
county and was traced north across the entire
county to Feather river, where the miners lost
all trace of it. The reason of their not find
ing the lead farther north was this
As far as the miners traced the lead its
course was due north and south, but at Feather
river it takes a turn and runs northwest through
the mountains, close to Lassen's Butte, thence to
Shasta Butte, thence to Cottonwood and Jack-
sonville in Oregon.
In 1857, accompanied by four others, I left
Yreka, Siskiyou county, to see if we could find
any traces of that famous Blue Lead, We
were all aware, however, of the existence of a
gravel lead between Cottonwood and Jackson
ville, but the lead, on the surface, was so un-
like that cf Sierra county, that we were of
opinion that it was a different lead. But in the
course of our travels we came across a gravel
lead in all appearance the same as that at Cot-
tonwood. We then turned south and followed
it through the mountains, until we reached
Feather river traveling due southeast, and to
our surprise we found the identical lead con-
nected with the Blue Lead, leaving a space from
Cottonwood to Feather river unprospected for
that famous Blue Lead.
Tarious are the opinions pertaining to the
gravel, it being found so high, even on the tops
of the highest mountains. The prevailing
opinion is that it is from a river that flowed
from north to south. Such is also my opinion
from the fact that it has a rim to it. The rim
is tho bedrock projecting out on the side of the
mountain, and then pitching back into the
mountain or deep channel, commonly termed
the pitch of the rock. The miners have to
tunnel through it to drain their mine. In some
places the miners have tunneled 2,000 feet be-
fore striking pay ore.
This lead has been found in Sierra county,
and extends north and south the entire length
of the county. In Nevada county it has not
been so extensively worked or identified, but
the miners have worked several other beds of
quartz gravel, all the off shoots of the Blue
Lead. This lead is about 1,000 feet wide and
must be tunneled and drifted. Those in Ne-
vada county are principally worked by hy-
draulic washing.
In 1870, I again resolved to extend my explo-
rations for the Blue lead into the State of
Oregon, so in the month of Juue in that year,
I crossed Rogue river, about seven miles above
Jacksonville and ascended the Cascade moun-
tain on the east side, and when to within 500
or 700 feet of the summit, I cou'd see here and
there seme smooth quartz gravel. I then
started north on that level, parallel with the
mountain, and when about 30 miles from Rogue
river I found a quartz gravel bed, in all ap-
pearance the same as that I traced through
California.
I continued my travel parallel with the moun-
tains until I reached Mount Hood, findiug the
gravel the entire distance, and when near
Mount Hood, I looked through my glass off
into Washington territory, and I courd see the
same class of land marks that have guided me
through California and Oiegon.
I then resolved to explore Washington Terri-
tory the following summer, so again in 1871,
I crossed the Columbia river at Umatilla and
started on an Indian trail for the head of the
Yaquima river, where I had no trouble to find
the gravel bed, I then started north to follow it,
until I reached the British Columbia line, and
not wanting to explore any other than Uncle
Sam's domain, I then turned back designing at
some future time to write out the foregoing.
Since writing the above my mind has wan-
dered back to my several explorations, and I
have come to the conclusion that the discovery
of the Blue lead, or ancient river bed, to the
extent as above stated will be, or will lead to
the grandest geological discovery that ever will
be made in the mountain ranges of the Pacific
coast, and I here state, that I am ready at any
time to be the "Kit Carson" should there be
any party of scientific gentlemen who desire to
explore and investigate the above statement.
Andkew Cassidt, "Mountaineer."
Virginia, Nevada, January 22d, 1875.
Cinnabar in Trinity.
!
Struck Pat . — The Mountain Messenger
(Sierra county Cal.) Says: It gives us great
pleasure to record the fact that the owners of
the Iowa gravel claim, located near Mt. Pleas-
ant ranch, on the road from Port Wine to
Scales Diggings have, after many years of pa-
tient labor, struck a fine bed of blue gravel
which prospects exceedingly well. Several
years ago, just how many we do not remember,
the company commenced sinking a shaft on
their claim, said shaft being put down 180 feet,
but not without several stoppages, owing to
want of means. Gravel was at last reached,
and it was thought of sufficient richness to war-
rant the running of a long tunnel which tapped
the shaft at the depth it had then reached.
When the tunnel was completed it was found
that the gravel, though fine looking, would not
pay for drifting. The owners, from lack of
means, being all poor men, were compelled to
quit work, and the claim was allowed to lie idle
for a year or more. Last spring work was
again resumed. In the bottom of the shaft the
bedrock was found pitching away under the
hill, which proved they were on the rim of the
channel. A tunnel was started from the bot-
tom of the shaft, and pushed a distance of
360 feet with a grade of two feet. At that dis-
tance they thought they must be over the chan-
nel, and sinking a shaft to the depth of 55 feet-
struck rock and fouud excllent pay. The per-
pendicular depth below the engine house at the
mouth of the shaft, at which pay was reached,
233 feet, and still, judging by a diagram sent us
by our old friend, John P. Lloyd, Secretary of
the company, the bottom of the channel has
not yet been reached, the bedrock still pitching
away from them into the ridge. The character
of the deposit is the genuine blue gravel, and
every indication is that an immense channel
has been tapped, and one that will equal in
richness any of the blue gravel leads of Cali-
fornia. We sincerely hope that the Iowa boys
have secured their fortunes. If the lead devel-
ops as well as it prospects, it will stimulate
prospecting in that seotion, and prove that it
is one of the richest portions of the country.
Webb's Flangebs. — Yesterday afternoon we
accepted an invitation to ride on one of the
flat cars to which was attached a flanger, an in-
vention which clears the ice and snow from
the rails in a neat effective manner. This in-
vention is due to Mr. Nate Webb, who has won
a well deserved fame as the chief of the snow
plough department of the Central Pacific rail
road company, and it promises to work a rev-
olution in the manner of keeping the rails free
from ice and snow. »
The flanger cuts and clears away the ice and
snow to the depth of two inches on the inside
of the track, and about three-quarters of an
inch on the outside, thus giving a perfect rail
to drive-wheels on the outside as well as on the
inside. It does the work very satisfactorily
and it promises to take the place of the pick
and shovel as instruments for flanging the
railroad track. It will do the work of a thous-
and men with pick and shovel and has this
other advantage that it can be sent ahead of a
train and give it a perfect track without de-
lay. The way it sends the snow and ice fly-
ing is a caution. It is attaohed to a flat car by
four bolts, and can be removed or adjusted in
twenty minutes. Every one that sees it testi-
fies for its usefulness, and says that there is a
sure fortune in it for the inventor. — Truckee
Republican.
Something New. — Capt. Taylor, superin -
tendent of the Yellow Jacket mining company,
will introduce a new feature in mining machin-
ery in ventilation. He has returned from the Bay
and has brought with him a new fan or blower,
together with a small turbine wheel of about two
feet in diameter. These he will erect in the 1500-
foot evel in the incline, using the wheel, which
will be fed by the water running down the in-
cline, to work the blower on the 1500-foot level
of the Yellow Jacket, a drift connects with the
Crown Point, from which proceeds a good
draft. The blower, which will be operated by
the turbine wheel, it is calculated, will save
500 feet of air, and greatly benefit the miners
working in the lower levels. We hope to hear
of the success of Captain Taylor's experiment.
— Gold Bill News.
The Columbus mill and mine, of Esmeralda
have been sold at an assignee's sale for $13,
000. This siim is only a tithe of its indebted-
ness. One mortgage is for over $26,000, and
tho small claimants are legion.
The Panamint News rejoices at the fact that
Jones & Stewart, of the Surprise Valley mill
and water oompany, have discharged all the
Chinamen in their employ and their places are
to ba supplied with white men.
We make the following extracts from
Trinity county Journal in relation to the '
nabar interests :
Within a couple of years developments t
been made which show that our county ha
element of wealth which has thus far lain
mant, but the production of which will t
take its place among the leading and pel
nent industries of the county. We allud
tho cinnabar discoveries, first made three y
ago, but only lately tested to an extent to
tify us in believing that within our terrifcc
limits some of the richest mines of that
which the world can boast of are to be foi
Within a few years quicksilver has so advai
in price that it may almost be reckoned as
of the precious metals.
The constantly increasing demand for qo
silver, combined with the high price it c
manded, stimulated prospecting to a greal
greo, and has resulted in the discovery .
number of mines of more or Igbs value,
the new discoveries have had little or no e
upon thf) market price of quicksilver, and
article of commerce is held at a figure twioi
great as the ruling value five years ago.
western slope of the Sierra Nevada3 contal
gold in abundance; on their eastern slope,
through the mountains of the deserts of ■
vada, mines of silver abound, and it wa&(
served for the Coa3t Range to furnish
deposits of quicksilver so necessary to
successful and remunerative working of'
more precious minerals. Napa, Lake, Col
Sonoma and Mendocino counties have eaol
turn furnished the field of enterprise fot i
energetic prospectors, and their labors, <\
certain extent, have been repaid. Their
coveries created quite an excitement; not
great a one, indeed, as followed the rich si
discoveries, but, for a time, the countiesi
have named were thronged with prosper
eager in the search for indications of that
which has of late years assumed suoh a pr<
nence. Our own county was last among tl
in which prospecting to any extent was un
taken, but the present indications are thf
will soon take rank as'the leading quicksit
producing county of the State.
The existence of rich deposits of cinnt
in this county has long been suspected. Fl
almost the earliest days of mining on Trii
river, the presence of small particles of»
mineral was noted, though what it was wait
a great extent unknown. The small partil
were difficult to separate from the fine I
dust, and nearly every ounce of dust waa
out by the old-fashioned methods of the rod
and sluice contained more or less cinnat
When found on the low river bars the partil
were small and solid — those found in the hill
bars and benches were larger in size and n
easily pulverized. In heating the gold to ;
it, it would be observed in the dark thati
particles burned with a blue flame; and it t
also noticed that the cinnabar was thicke
the gold washed out of "top" gravel thai
that taken fiom strata near the bedrock. 9
in the semen for the more valuable mJ
i he constant presence of cinnabar
overlooked, or dismissed with a j
ing comment; and it was not until tl
year sago that prospecting for the sourci
this supply was inaugurated, with what ;
promises to be the most happy results. It
found in a part of the country remote and
ficult of access, and this fact, together|withl
high altitude at which they are situated, n.
ing the working season Very short, has I
terially retarded their development. Wa I ft
no disposition to magnify or overrate the ex I
or value of our cinnabar deposits, but the I
counts which have come to us from reliil
sources warrant us in the belief that the i -
ing and manufacture of quicksilver will, I
lung, become a permanent and leading indnl
of the county.
Blue Tent. — There are at present but I
mines at work at Blue Tent — the Blue Tent I
the Sailor Plat. The former mine is rum I
five machines and using lj500 inches of ww
in 2d hours. The latter uses 500 inches I
one monitor. The water used at the I
Tent mine is obtained from the South Y
canal company, and from summer ditc
owned by the company. A ditch was c
menced last spring which will, when comple
afford a supply the year round. It commei
at the Yuba river above Culbertson's bri<
opposite Emigrant Gap. It will be 27 rr
long. „ Over half of the labor and cost has t
expended. The heavy fiuming and tunne
has been completed. There is one tunnel l,i
feet long, which coat $6.50 per foot,
another 300 feet long which is about half G
pleted at a cost of $3.50 per foot. The wr
ditch will be completed in the early sumo
It might have been done now with the si
work which has been expended by runr
around hills with flumes, but it would h
been less permanent. C. W. Tozer is the
perintendent, to whom we are indebted for
above items. — Nevada Transcript
A lakge boiler is being made by Moynl
& Acken for the steamer, Win. Taber.
weighs nearly 90,000 pounds; it measures
teen feet in width across the front; the hi|
including steam chimney, is twenty-five i
length, nineteen feet; and diameter of3 sb
fourteen feet eight inches, all of the very 1
of iron, three-eights of an inch thick.
The mining intelligence from Cariboo is <
sidered very favorable.
sbruary 6, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
ECHANICAL ^R
Foundry Economy.
a a leotnre on "Applied Mechanics, " (in
dand, some time since), Mr. John Ami. r-
0. E., after familiarly describing the dis-
itive properties of cast and wrought iron
steel, speaks of the molecular structure of
sis. All metals, he said, are crystalline,
the criatallization is better observed in some
■Is than in others. In east-iron, especially,
Tery apparent. The cry-tiillizatiou of cast-
1 is governed by a natural law. This law
first pointed out, to the best of his belief,
sr years since, by Mr. Mullet, and is this:
en cast-iron is in a liquid |state — when the
ecul- s have sufficient heat among them to
liquidity — the direction of crystallization
eterniiued by the lines into space which the
t takes. When this law was firat stated, it
reeeived with skepticism, but ever since
law bad been pointed out, he (the lecturer)
never observed in any piece of brokeu
I an example to the contrary. If we in-
luce into castings irregularity of figure, or
thing which creates currents outward, in
ous directions, then we get wrong; we in-
luce lines of weakness. According to this
guns up to this time have always been
le wrong. The Americans are acting upon
law in every thing they are doing, and that
of theirs, which some time back came to
country, almost like a soda-water bottle in
pe, was constructed in strict accordance
1 this law, and, therefore, possessed the ut-
tt strength attainable with the same weight
netal. The molecular appearance of cast-
depends on the rate at which the heat is
toned out of the casting,
8 to the goodness of cast-iron, goodness for
ill castings is not goodness for a hydraulio
nder; goodness for a hydraulic cylinder is
goodness for a gun. Density is a quality
d for both the latter, but we don't want
tility for a hydraulic cylinder, but for a gun
1 reqnired; for the hydraulic oylinder we
it very great density. As a rule, the hard-
I of cast-iron or cast-steel depends upon
» things : First, on the quantity of carbon
oh the mass contains; second, on the heat
rhich it was raised before carrying the heat
of it; and third, at the rate at which that
; is hastened out of it. All these conditions
0 determine the character which cast-iron
ast-steel assumes. In casting iron in moulds,
ire hardness is wanted, some method is
pted bo as to carry the heat out rapidly;
are softness is required, means are taken to
w the heat to go out slowly, and it does not
oh matter what the method is so long as it
iffectual. The hardness of steel depends
in the quantity of carbon which it contains,
on the rate at which the heat has been
ried out of it. After alluding at some
gth to the founder's art, the lecturer pro-
ved to speak of the casting of a fly-wheel,'
nting out that the only thing which would
Berve such a casting intact while cooling,
to take care that every part should cool at
same rate. The arms, being least in sub-
ice, would naturally cool first, but they muBt
ikept hot by covering them with fire, or by
1/ other convenient means. If we require a
[•ticularly good oasting it must be cooled
tfany of the difficulties of the caster would
[got rid of rf we could prevent the formation
gas within the mould. The Americans are
■y much more careful in this respect than we
\, and this is the explanation of their cast-
in guns standing so well. Mr. Babbitt uses
1 fire-bricks, which after, say, ten year's ser-
e, have not changed color; any fire-bricks at
l discolored he rejects. He grinds these to a
^der, and thus gets a perfectly pure and re-
•ctory material for his moulds, using pipe-
>y, the best material for the purpose, to ren-
r it adhesive. The mould is first made red-
t, and this red-hot mould then receives the
■tab Not a particle of gas is generated by
e mould. Another American founder, Mr,
tins, uses Kaolin, which he obtains from
igland (Devonshire), and treats it in a sim-
r way to that in which Babbitt treats his
wdered fire-bricks and pipe-clay. To show
8 earnestness of our American competitors —
d we shall have them as competitors — they
sort to the method of taking the heat ont of
a castings in the way least injurious to them,
ley try to establish the conditions of a built-
• gun in a cast-iron one, to have every atom
the gun under tension. We English, as a
ople, must pay the same attention to natural
rVB as the Americans. and French are doing.
English Kaileoad Ibon. — The importation
English railroad iron into the United States
falling off at a rapid rate. The average
snthly importations for 1872 was 37,000 tons;
r 1873 it was 15,000 tons; while for 1874 it has
lien to 9,000 tons. America is now nearly
dependent of Great Britain in the iron trade,
.d will soon prove her powerful competitor in
ceign markets — British iron masters see this,
id are seeking to save themselves by estab-
thing free trade between this country and
raada, and establishing branch manufacto-
)s in that province.
Stjpeeiob Steel. — By means of one or two
ocesses now in vogue in some of the Euro-
ian workshops, says a contemporary, an arti-
s is produced equal, in all respects, to the
lebrated Damascus iron and steel of
ttiquity.
Metallic Contraction.
83
The following from Pynchon's Chemioal
Forces, although published some time since,
will be found peculiarly interesting:
The force of contraction is equal to that of
expansion, and quite as irresistible. Its im-
mense power was strikingly illustrated some
years ago in Paris. The two sides of a large
building, the Conservatoire des Arts at Metiers,
having been pressed out by the spreading of
the arched ceilings and the immense weights
supported by the floors, M. Molard undertook
to remedy the evil by boring holes in the wall
at the base of the vaulted ceilings, and opposite
to each other, through whioh strong iron rods
were introduced, so as to cross the interior of
the building from one side to the other. On
the projecting ends of the bars on the outside
of the building were placed strong iron plates,
which were screwed, by means of nuts, tightly
against the walls. The rods were then heated
by means of rows of lamps placed under every
alternate bar, and being lengthened by the ex-
pansion, the nuts and plates were pushed out
to the distance of an inch or more beyond the
wall. Whilo in this condition, the nuts were
screwed a second time tightly against the wall.
The lamps were then extinguished, and the
rods, contracting as they cooled, drew the wall
together with a force almost irresistible, and to
a distance as great as that to which they had
been lengthened by expansion. These bars
being then left in their new position, the alter-
nate bars, which had remained nnheated, and
by the contraction of the others had been also
made to projeot beyond the walls, were again
tightly screwed against the building. These
were in turn expanded and lengthened by
the application of the lighted lamps, and
once more screwed up tightly against the
walls. The lamps were then extinguished,
and by the contractionof the second set
of bars the walls were drawn still further
toward each other. These were then left, in
turn, to hold the building in its new position,
and the first set of bars waB again brought into
requisition. And thus the procesB was contin-
ued until the walls were drawn into their proper
vertical position; and the bars being left in
their places, they have remained firm and up-
right ever since. In this manner a force was
exerted which the power of man could scarcely
have applied by any other means. The same
process has since been applied to the restora-
tion of other buildings which were threatening
to fall.
Impeoved Tuyere fob Fobges. — We find in
the English journals, the following notice of a
paper read by Mr. W. Smyth, before the Brit-
ish Association, whioh described a very simple
but important improvement in Smyth's forges,
by which the forge is much more fully under
the control of the workman, and by which the
life of the tuyere iB greatly prolonged, the work
of heating the metal more uniformly and unin-
terruptedly carried on, and a great economy of
fuel effected. A cast iron trunk or box is placed
horizontally from the back and front of the
forge. The front end is closed by means of a
Blide or door. The back end has a hollow tower
which rises above to a suitable hight, and upon
which is fitted a cast iron tuyere block with, by
preference, two long slot holes for the blast.
Within the trunk is a long lever working in an
axle or spindle, which at its longer end has two
punches which rise vertically, and are from time
to time projected through the slots to displace
the Blag and keep the tuyere openings clear.
This the workman does, by moving a lever
upon the outer end of the spindle or fulcrum
of the levers. The iron trunk or box becomes
heated by the surrounding fuel, and utilizes the
heat, which would otherwise be wasted; thus
effecting a considerable economy of fuel by
heating the air of the blast.
The First Planing Machine.— The first
planing machine ever made was, according to
the London Iron Trade Exchange, constructed
in the Holland street works of John Kennie the
elder. "In March, 1814 (and we copy from an
original memorandum book of the late George
Rennie), the following plan was adopted for
'chipping' the cast-iron sides of a new lathe.
The sides are placed close together, with their
faces upward. Two planks of elm, one on
each side, are bolted with their edges truly
placed end upward. Upon the edges of the
elm planks run four wheels on axles, which
support a truck of oak. To the truck is fixed
a slide rest, to which is attached a cutting tool.
The truck is well loaded with weights, and
pulled along the surface of the elm planks by
means of a crab and ohain. Thus the tool, in fact
planes the iron lathe-beds straight." This
was in fact the first planing machine, crude
and rude as it was, and from it Whitworlh, to
whom the original apparatus was shown subse-
quently made a self-acting machine. We all
know how important a tool it has become, and
the wondrous saving it effects in the manufac-
ture of nearly every kind of machinery.
Labge Hammeb and Ckane. — The largest
trip-hammer in the United States has recently
been completed at Nashua, New Hamahire, at
an expense of $75,000. The weight of iron in
the machine is about 200 tona; the rams weigh
12 tons; its striking force is about 100 tons; and
four large boilers are brought into use to fur-
nish steam to run the 600 horse-power engine
required to work it. The immense crane with
which the iron that is being manipulated is
hoisted into position is the largest in the coun-
try, and ia rigged with modern mechanism so
nicely that two men can easily hoist 60 tons
dead weight.
Fn.E Cutting Machinery:— Dr. G. Hasel-
tine, of Southampton-buildings, London, has
taken out a patent for machinery for cutting
files. The invention relates to a file cutting
machine in which a bed is used that rests di-
rectly npou the feed screw, the said Bcrew being
of sufficient strength to support the "bed while
the file is cut. The feed-motion of the sorew
is produced by a ratchet wheel and pawl, and
with these parts is combined a spring which
acts on the oover of the journal box, at one end
of the feed screw, the cover being supported
by an eccontric. The bed is saddle shaped,
and with it is combined a frame with parallel
motion links, for the purpose of lifting the bed
out of gear with the feed screw. This bed is
provided with a cavity to receive a semi-cylin-
drical secondary bed, and with these two beds
is combined a gauge, which bears on the second-
ary bed and maintains the surface of the file
blank pnrallel with the edge of the cutter. The
file blank is retained on the secondary bed by
clamping Jaws and a spring. The stock which
carries the cutting tool moves between guides
or slides, which can be set to insure accuracy
in the movement of the cutter. The tool stock
is operated by compressed air.
Throwing Water From Pipes. — Experiments
made at the Holley water works in the town of
Lake Michigan, shows that a pressure on the
service pipe of 109 pounds to the square inch
will force water to an elevation of 120 feet
through a fire hose. The same experiments
also proved that while the water pressure at
the engine, eight miles distant, was 129 pounds,
it stood at 109 pounds in town. This seems to
be a very small waste of power in conveying
water eight miles. If the report is correct, the
fact is important.
SCIENTIFIC i?ROCRESS.
Science and Faith.
Professor Tyndall lately gave the first of a
series of six popular science lectures at the
Free Trade Hall, Manchester. The subject was
"Crystalline and Molecular Forces." Toward
the close of the lecture, after a successful ex-
periment showing the tendency of atoms to
follow an architectural instincfc.he said although
he had seen this experiment hundreds and hun-
dreds of times, he had never looked upon it
without feelings of astonishment. The revela-
tions of science were not in the least degree
calculated to lessen one's feelings of astonish-
ment. We were surrounded by wonders, by
mystery everywhere. He had often in the
spring time watched the advance of the sprout-
ing leaves, and observed the general joy of
opening life in nature, and had asked himself
this question: Can it be that there is no being
or thing in nature that knows more about these
things than I do? Do I in my ignorance rep-
resent the highest knowledge of these things
existing in this universe. The man who put
the question fairly to himself, if he were a man
capable of being penetrated by a profound
thought, would never auBwer that question by
professing that creed of atheism which had been
so lightly attributed to him. " It is not," Pro-
fessor Tyndall said, "always those who are
charged with skeptecism who are the real skep-
tics, and I confess it is a matter of some grief
to me to see able, useful and courageous men
running to and fro upon tne earth wringing
their hands over the threatened destruction of
their ideas. I would exort them to cast out
skeptecism for this fear has its root in skepte-
cism. In the human mind we have the sub-
stratum of all ideals, and as string responds to
Btring when the proper note is sounded, so
surely, when words of truth and nobleness are
uttered by a living human soul, while these
words have a resonant response in other souls,
and in this faith I abide, and in this way I
leave the question."
Tides of Lakes and Lakelets. — It is said by
most authors on tidal theories that there can
be no tides on lakes, for the reason that the
moon's attraction is equal over the whole sur-
face of water. I hold that there is a tide
raised from every body of water on earth. It
is impossible for the moon to raise a body of
water from the earth by its attraction, but it
counterbalances or neutralizes a portion of the
earth's attraction for the water, in consequence
of which the water becomes lighter, and the
lower portion not so much compressed. Hence,
on account of the elasticity of the compressed
water, the diminution of compression is fol-
lowed by_an expansion which drives the super-
incumbent water upward. This is a natural
principle which belongs to all bodies of water,
although the effect is imperceptible if the water
be shallow and not connected with very deep
water.
By this theory I account for the very con-
siderable tide that rises on Eagle Lake in the
northern part of California. The lake is very
deep and has never been fathomed. — Cor. Scien-
tific American.
Fall in the Value of Amethysts. — Accord-
ing to the Journal of Applied^Scimae, the large
number of diamonds that has been thrown in-
to the market since 1872, from Brazil, has
caused a great depreciation in their value. The
first lots sent to Europe brought from $500 to
$600perarroba of 32 pounds weight; but as
the quantity inoreased the price rapidly reced-
ed, and at last finally decreased to nothing.
At present no offer can be obtained for any lots
on hand. I
Use of the Spectroscope in Puddling.
Mr. A. McMartiu recently stated, at the
American Institute of Mining Engineers, that
the use of the spectroscope in the Zwickau
process was one of the most beautiful experi-
ments in metallurgy.
He says that one never tires watcuing the
brilliant changes in the spectrum, blow after
blow. The specific causes of these changes
have been the subject of much dispute and
unsatisfactory investigation. But all are agreed
that carbon has something to do with them,
whether as such, or in gaseous form in such
nitrogenous compounds as cyanogen. What-
ever be their cause, these changes do take
plaoe— and that so regularly that an experi-
enced eye can place full dependence upon
them as indications of the state of preparation
of the metal bath. The spectrum at first ap-
pears without lines; but as soon as the spark
period begins to give place to its successor,
and the clear flame to extend out of the mouth
of the convertor, the bright orange yellow so-
dium line quickly makes its appearance, and
remains clearly visible till the blast is turned
off. After the sodium line appear the red lines,
which represent calcium lithium ; and then a
beautiful series of perfeotly graded green lines
in the green, and pale blue lines in the blue
section of the spectrum, manifest themselves,
one after another, each in its series, until, at
the climax of the operation, when the greatest
heat is attained, the spectrum rivals that of
chloride of copper in beauty and brilliancy. A
very experienced eye can also see a beautiful
violet line in the violet section at this point.
But the characteristic lines of the Bessemer
speotrum are the beautiful, band-like, gradu-
ated series in the blue, and especially in the
green section. In the inverse order to that in
which they arose to their climax, these lines
gradually diminish in brilliancy, and at last
vanish. But some of the green lines still re-
main, after the blue series has entirely van-
ished; and at this point nothing must be al-
lowed to distract the conductor of the opera-
tion from closely watching the speotrtim ; for
the only index (though a perfect one) of the
exact end of the operation, is the degree of
brilliancy of certain green lines, which remain
when the charge has arrived at the point of de-
sired decarburization. For different mixtures
of pig iron a slight difference in the appear-
ance of the indicating green lines is noticeable
at this point; and to secure with the same mix-
ture a desired slight difference in the character
of the steel produced in two different blows,
proper allowance must be made, on the other
side, of a certain degree of brilliancy of the
green hues.
Sewage Utilization. — Becent investiga-
tions have raised grave doubts as to the pro-
priety of using sewage as a manure, the veg-
etables raised by its means proving unheal thful.
If we can light our streets and houses with the
contents of the sewers, the great problem of
what to do with the sewerage of great cities is
in a fair way to be solved, but it will not do to
be too sanguine. In this connection we may
call attention to a ridiculous paragraph which
has recently found its way into the publio jour-
nals to the effect that an English inventor is
making an illuminating gas from sewage
water. It is said that forty-seven feet of gas is
obtained from one quart of sewage water.
One foot of sewage gas gives as much
light as three feet of coal gas, and the flame is
much clearer, purer, more healthful, and
cheaper. The process consists in passing the
liquid through two heated retorts, then through
an iron cylinder called the hydraulic main,
which is above the furnace, then through an-
other heated retort, and next through a coil
of metal piping immersed in cold water.
Afterward the process is the same as in mak-
ing coal gas.
Buried Knowledge. — It is impossible to fore-
see to what extent scientists of our time will
resurrect the buried knowledge of the past.
The bricks of Nineveh, stamped with unknown
letters in an unknown language, have been de-
ciphered and translated; the existence and man-
ners of the men who lived contemporaneously
with the elephant and rhinoceros in Europe
have been inferred from fragments of bone and
stone; the domestic religion of the early Greeks
has been explained for the first time after a
lapse of 2500 years; and now we are about to
have a translation of a comprehensive treatise
on medicine, as understood and practiced in the
valley of the Nile 3400 years since. A large
papyrus, written in hieroglyphics and in excel-
lent preservation, found in a pyramid, has been
translated in Europe, and is now being printed
by steam to satisfy the doctors that their learn-
ing and their ignorance do not date from yester-
day.
Important Discovery in Lubrication. — Pro-
fessor Barker, of Philadelphia, and formerly
of Yale College, has recently made a discovery
which promises to be of great value to railroad
men. It is a metallic paint, intended for ap-
plication to "journal boxes" on railroad cars.
The paint when heated to about 160 degrees
Fahrenheit turns from its original color, which
is a deep clear red, to a pure black, and imme-
diately on cooling it resumes its redish hue.
The journal boxes being covered with this
paint, train hands detect at a glance whether
a journal has heated or is heating. Their
knowledge now is only gained when the wood
work is ignited, and the damage has already
been done.
84
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 6, ll B
Mining Stocks.
The bottom has apparently dropped out of
stocks and everything is at "bed rock" prices.
Even the big bonanza mines have had spots
knocked out of them, and are down at the bot-
tom of the ladder. All animation has departed
from the stock market, and with the depres-
sion in prices the buyers are fewer. The news
from the principle mines on the Corns to ok is as
favorable as ever, there being no noted indi-
cations that the big mines are any poorer than
they were a few weeks ago. Neither is there
any indication that some of the little mines are
richer, as the falling off in prices would seem
to indicate, according to the rule of late. How
long the present depression will last, it is, of
course, impossible to state. The difference in
prices between stocks this week and last, can
be seen by our stock table.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
- Last Week.
Thursday, January 28,
mobntng session.
810 Alpha 18)6(5,™
20 ....b 5 ill}*
IK'5 Belcher 45tffi50
70 0 30 ""
4275 Best & Belcher.... 49fttsa
380 Confidence 24W25
725 Con Virginia 525@SI0
1402M California 420@370
100 b 30 410(q)420
570 i^hollar 67@7U
665 Crown Point 37uB40
730 Empire Mill 9@§M
725 Gould & Curry 4*5)41)
180 Hale & N orcross . . . 5U©46
1545 Imperial 130312
885 Kentuck 15^@17
3435 Mexican ;.{".<< ; :!
2255 Ophir 100(3116
50 b:10 fl);
100 bl5 1
70 b 5 106
20b 30
195 Savage 105@93
535 S Nevada 16^(5)15!£
375 Y Jacket lOO®90
This Week.
Thursday, February 4.
morning session.
590 Alpha 16)j®15}£
50 ....b30.. 16J£
1625 Belcher 34@3S
225 ....b5 |35@34,S
2690 Best & Belcher^H®^
50 ....b5 43W
390 Ohollar 61@60
100 ....a 10 60
995 Crown Point 29®2ri
AFTERNOON session.
465 Meadow "Valley '
210 Rye Patch 1H
100 El Dorado South. Afai'A
170 Golden Chariot. ..2@2i^
135 Mahogany. 6@6(£
150 S Chariot \%
25 Ida Elmore \%.
255 Raymond & Jfily...30@3
105 Eureka Con \\%i\\.
25 Pioche 4}£
200 American Flag '>!6
500 Be mont 9M'SHU
110 Newark 1
450 M Belmont 2
25 Exchequer 200
4u Seg Belcher.. ..U2^@1I5
650 Ovt-rman 75
50 b 30 76
85 Justice 105@UO
150 Succor 4jg®5
355 Union .A2%@l3k
105 Lady Brain .5@§
1660 Jnlia 6j-£@7
190 Caledonia "
175 Knickerbocker.
580 Baltimore Con.
260 Bullion 39£i0
15b30 ....4C
315 Utah 5®SH
480 Silver Hill .9@9£
20 Challenge 8
120 Dayton 4@4^
190 New York 3^@33$
610 Occidental 4^{5)4&
10 Rock Island b%
60 Senator 1
1325 Phil Sheridan 1@IM
1100 Woodville 3@3M
335 L Wa>hinglon...2}4®2?4
330 Kossuth «@4J*>
250 Original Gold Hill.. ..It6
160 Beg Rock Island. ..1@IM
275 C P Ravine 50
100 JLittle 2
1S22 Andes ,'..,
30 .
.b ... 30..
California 55©57
175 ....b 30 S7.SS
155 Caledonia... ,17@13
325 Con (Sold Hill 3@3lA
210 Confidence Itj@l5
570 Con Virginia 410@4l5
20 ...b30 418
50 Daney \%.
30 Exchequer 1803175
510 Empire Mill 7
895 Gould & Curry.. .18@15.'£
-125 Hale & Norcross. ..4U@39
1635 Imperial. 9^,10
120 ....b30 93.i@10
60 Justice 90
985 Julia H@il4
440 Ken uck 14M15
320 Lady Bryan 3@?K
3130 Mexican ,.2U@30
50 ....b30 'riOii
1970 Ophir 8H@80
700 Overman 54@55
50 ....blO »5
50 ....b5 57
310 Savage 100@9<i
90 ,...s30 90<v93
1185 SNevada 13@l"2^
155 Seg Belcher 100@85
150 Succor 4
440 Union 8@S^
690 Yellow Jacket.... 80M74
125 ....b30..., 82@S7
120 ....s90 75
AFTERNOON BESSION.
390 Meadow "Valley. ...7^7,^
1755 Raymond <fcEly....3G@39
245 Eureka 14&(g)15
1\5 Pioche i®4%
300 Wash & Creole %
185 American Flag....2@2,4
880 Belmont 7®7Jt
lOu Newark %
50 M Belmont \H
360 Rye Patch 3M@3^
50 Golden Chariot. •-"..3J*
100 IdaEllmore 1%
200 Mahogany 6j£
260 Knickerbocker... ,4@4>i
180 Baltimore 6^
270 Globe IM
15 Bacon 3'b
860 Bullion ,31@36M
660 Utah 3a4
1130 Silver Hill 8®9
59Q Eclipse 5&,gj6
410 Dayton... 3M1sH$S
450 Rock Island 3@4
590 New York 2*@2?4
300 Occidental »34@3«
a?
_ Senator,
180 American Flat 5i£<ati
210 Woodville 2^2-K
100 Lady Washincton.. .lg
2 0 Kossuth 2@3
1710 Andes 5®.%
200 Silver Central 2*4
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
Incorporation in the County Clerk's Office at San Fran-
Indian Queen M. and M. Co., Jan. 21— Location:
Esmeralda oounty, Nevada. Directors — A. E. Davis,
Seth Cook, Edward Barron, Grove Adams and Wtu.
Adams. Capital stock, $6,000,000, divided into 60,000
shares.
North San Francisco S. M. Co., Jan. 21.— Location:
Storey county, Nevada. Directors — A. Staples, C. J.
Eaton, O. M. Peck, C. J. F. Atwell and H. R. West.
Capital stock, $10,000,000, divided into 100,000 shares.
Hope Quicksilver M. Co., Jan. 21. — Location: Sono-
ma county. Directors — Thomas Hardy, Edward Mc-
Lean, Jacob Hardy, 9. "W. Howland and W. P. Moray.
Capital stock, $5,000,000, divided into 50,000 shares.
Goodall, Nelson & Perkins Steamship Co., Jan. 22.
-Objects for which the corporation is formed are, the
transaction of the business of a steamship company on
the Pacific Coast, and in any of the bays or harbors
thereof, and anywhere in the Pacific Ocean. Also, the
carrying on of the business of warehousemen and
wharfingers in connection with the said steamship com-
pauy. Directors— Charles Goodall, Christopher Nelson,
George C. Perkins, John O'Farrell, John Rosenfeld. F.
S. Winsinger and Edwin Goodall. Capital stock, $2,-
000.000, divided into 20,000 shares.
Wells-Fabgo Mining Co. of California, Jan. 22. —
Location: Storey county, Nevada. Capital stock, $10,-
800,000. Directors— D. L. McDonald, O. R. Johnson, A.
C. Taylor, H. Z. "Wheeler and George W. Hammer.
North Consolidated Virginia M. Co., Jan. 22.— Lo-
cation: Virginia mining district, Storey county, Ne-
vada. Capital stock, $10,000,000. Directors— H P
Wakelee, Robert C. Rogers, E. M. Fry, N. B. Stone and
George W. Hopkins.
Albany Quicksilver M. Co., Jan. 22.— Location:
Lake county, California. Capital Btock, $6,000,000. Di-
reotors-E. W. Tully.-O. N. Toser, E. G. Waite, William U.
Young and J. G. Riley.
Senate No. 1 of United Mechanics, Jan. 27.— The
purposes of the organization are todeal in real estate,
mining stocks, and anything else for which individuals
may lawfully associate themselves. Capital stock
$10,000,000. Directors— J. W. Rimington, Uriah B
Thomas, Charles C. Terrill, Frank D. Morrell, and A
M. Winn.
The Union Consolidated silver mining oompany has
filed a certificate of increase of capital stock from $2.-
000,000 to $10,0000,000.
The Buckeye silver mining company, on the 20th,
increased its capital stock from 16,000 to 48,000 shares.
The Laird Mining Company. Object: Carrying on
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from. Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Amt. Levied. Deling'nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business.
Bowery Cons M Oo
Ely District
3
Ml
Dec 15
Jan 25
Feb 28
O E Elliott
419 California st
III
;i mi
Feb 12
Mar ft
Cederbure G M Co
Chariot Mill & M Oo
Cal
Ml
Dec 29
Feb 3
Feb 24
D M Bokee
215 Sansome st
San Diego Co
1
Ml
Dec 24
Jan 23
Feb 13
P Swift
419 California st
Confidence M€o
Cal
an
Jan 16
Feh23
Mar 17
W S Anderson
210 Battery at
Daney M Co
Washoe
la
'«.
Jan 12
Feb 16
Mar 9
G R Spiuney
320 California st
El Dorado South Cone M Co Nevada
ft
■if.
Jan 15
Feb 19
Mar 12
W Willis
Empire Mill & M Co
wasnoe
n
Ml
Dec 28
Jao 29
Feb 18
W E Dean
419 California st
«
I mi
Jan 30
Mar 5
Mar 26
W Willis
419 California st
Florida S M Oo
wasnoe
i
i mi
JanB
Feb 10
Mar. 2
11 Pine st
Golden Chariot M Co
i-<
1 .Ml
Jan 4
Feb 8
Feb 28
Hale & Norcrcs S M Oo
Washoe
4S
.-> i,n
Jan 8
Febll
Mar 5
J F Licrhtner
438 California st
IdaEllmoreMCo
IK
1 nil
Febl
Mar 8
Mar 29
W Willis
Indus G A S M Co
«•
Dec 30
Jan 30
Feb 18
D Wilder
wasnoe
2
•ft
Jan 13
Feb 15
MarlO
605 Clay st
Justice M Co
Washoe
13
ft mi
Jan 12
Feb 12
Mar 2
J S Kennedy
Merchants' Ex
Knickerbocker M Co
wasnoe
II
1 Ml
Dec 28
Jan 30
Feb 19
H Boyle
Washoe
ft
i no
Jan 11
Feb 12
Mar3
P Swift
419 California st
Washoe
«
311
Dec 17
Jan 21
Feb 8
H C Kabbe
Mahogany (USMCo
Idaho
IS
mm
Jan ft
Febll
Mar 4
C B Hlggins
402 Montgomery st
MintG ASMCo
9
■m
Jan 19
Feb 24
Marie
401 California st
Newark S M Co
Ely District
IK
i on
Feb 2
Mar 10
Mar 31
W Willis
419 California st
Pass Tnnuel Co
Utah
1
ft
Dec 12
Jan 20
Feb 20
J Hardy
418 California st
Phil Sheridan G & S M Co
wasnoe
•/.
Vf.
Jan 21
Mar 2
Mar 30
W R Townsend
33U Pine st
pioche S M Co
Ely District
»
—
Dec 11
Jan 21
Feb 16
C E Elliott
419 California st
Pioche West Ex M Co
Ely District
K
311
Dec 28
Feb 3
Feb 25
TL Kimball
4d9 California st
Idaho
U
1 no
Jan 19
Feb 24=
Mar 17
W Willis
419 California st
Pioche
I!
3 mi
Jan 18
Feb 26
Mar 26
T W Colburn
418 California st
Red Jacket M Co
Idaho
K
Ml
Febl
Mar 9
Mar 30
W Willis
4'9 California st
418 California st
Wasnoe
II
i mi
Jan 13
Feb 17
Mar 9
J W Clark
Idaho
7
i mi
Jan 2
Feb 5
Feb 26
Frank Swift
419 California st
South Chariot M Oo
Idaho
K.
I on
Jan 9
Feb Ifi
Mar 9
O H Bogart
Cal
Ill
HI
Feb 2
Mar 8
Mar 31
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Tyler M Co
Washoe
7
Ml
Nov 19
Jan 21
Feb 12
O D Squire
wasnoe
»
■>. mi
Jan 22
Feb 24
Mar 16
W E Dean
419 California st
Idaho
S
1 llll
Jan 25
Mara
Mar 23
L Kaplan
G W Hopkins
Merchants' Ex
Yellow Jaoket S M Co
Washoe
19
ft on
Dec 10
Jan 13
Feb 13
Gold Hill
OTHER COMPANIES-
-NOT
ON
THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
California and Arizona M Co Arizona
in
Jan 8
Feb 22
Mar 12
T E Jewell
5G7 Montgomery st
408 California st
California Cons M & M Co
Cal
1 nil
Jan 14
Feb 16
Mar 5
J W Tripp
Carri<' Hale Hydraul c M & W Co Cal
s
III
Jan 15
Feb 24
Mar 17
Combination G <!t S M Co
Pan ami nt
ft
ill
Dec 28
Feb 1
Feb 23
D Wilder
Con Reforma L & S M Co
Lower Cal
■/.
HI
Dec 24
Jan 30
Feb 29
A D Carpenter
605 Clay st
Edith Quicksilver M Co
Cal
211
Dec 23
Feb 3
Feb 23
W Stuart
Emma Hill Cons M |-;o
Utah
V,
4(1
Jan 29
Mar 8
April 6
Mar 3
G J Cole
Enterprise Cons M Co
Cal
1
12WDec 26
Feb 6
F J Hermann
418 Kearny st
Equitable Tunnel M Co
•■420" M Co
Ucah
II
2ft
Jan 12
Febl7
Mar 9
C S Healv
Washoe
»
1 llll
Dec 29
Feb 2
Feb 20
E F Stone
419 California st
Gold Mountain G M Co Boar valley Cnl
4
1 llll
Jan 25
Mar 6
Mar 3 1
J PCwallier
Golden Rule S MCo
Utah
ft
Dec 8
Jan Ift
Feb 15
K Wertheimer
530 Clay st
H isloe M <fc M Co Mariposa Co Cal
:i
1 2ft
Jan 13
Feb 16
Mar 16
W A M Van Bokkelen 419 Cal st
Hayes G&SMOo Robinson Pist
e,
2(1
Jan 4
Feb 12
Mar 8
G R Spinney
320 California st
Illinois Central M Oo
Idaho
I
311
Dec 24
Jan 30
Fab 23
R H Brown
402 Montgomery st
Independence Cons M Co
i al
ill
Jan 9
Febl7
MarlO
F J Hermann
418 Kearny st
Aurora Nev
•/.
i mi
Dec 16
Jan 21
Feb 10
C S Neal
419 California st
Kearsarge Cons Quicksilver M Co Cal
I
311
Dec 23
Feb 8
Feb 22
J Mc A flee
408 California st
Kennedy M Co Amador Co Cal
H
1 llll
Deo 16
Jan 20
Feb 10
A Wissel
210 California st
Little Panoche Quicksilve
M Co Cal
1
211
Febl
Mar 4
.Mar 25
320 California st
Martin & Walling; M & M Oo Cal
1
fill
Dec 7
Jan 8
Jan 23
J W Tripp
H O Kibbe
408 California st
New York M Co
Washoe
11
All
Dec 5
Jan 6
Jan 2ft
419 California st
North BloomBeld Gravel M Co Cal
lift
1 mi
Decl
Jan 4
Jan 25
320 California st
III
I mi
Dec 11
Jan 16
Feb 3
I< Kaplan
J P GWUier
Ophir G M Oo Bear valley Gal
1
in
Jan 22
Mar 2
Mar 27
Patten M Co
Washoe
211
Feb 3
Mar 8
Mar 29
Pinto M Co
White Pino
III
Jan 9
Feb 15
Mar 8
Prussian UftSMOo Nye Co Nevada
•A
1 nil
Jan 12
Feb 18
Mar 12
R H Brown
402 Montgomery st
Rattlesnake Quicksilver Hi
Co Cal
•1
1 2ft
Dec 24
Jan 28
Feb 19
ABaird
San Jose M Co
Egan Canon
K
ft mi
Jan 27
Mar 8
April 13
109 Front Bt
Silver Wesi Cone M Co
Eureka Nev
H
in
Jan 13
Feb 20
Mar 20
FR Bunker
606 Montgomery st
"W.bfootMCo
Elko Co Nev
1
2ft
Jan 23
Mar 3
Mar 30
"Wells. Fargo A Co M Co
Washoe
1
Deo 21
Jan 30
Feb 18
A O Tavlor
Wyoming G M Co
Cal
Ml
Jan 13
Feb 13
Marl
W J Gunn
Yarborough S M Co
Kern Co Cal
lj
311
Dec 23
Jan 3<l
Feb 23
E Barry
415 Montgomery st
MEETINGS TO BE
HELD
Name of Go.
Location.
Secretary.
Office
inSF.
Meeting
Bate.
Belllngham Bav Coal M Co
JHDoh
nson
305 Ransome st
Feb 15
Nevada
ChasE Elliott
419 California st
Cherokee Flat B G M Co
Cal
H Picbo
603 Washington st
Feb 13
Florida S M Co
"Washoe
L Hermann
331 Pine st
wasnoe
D Wilde
r
Merchants' Ex
Iowa M Co
Washoe
Called by Trustees 605 Clay st
SpL-oial
Feb 16
Justice M Co
Washoe
J S Kennedy
Merchants Ex
Lady Bryan M Co
"Washoe
Called liy Trustees 419 California st
Febll
Omega Table Mountain M Co Cal
D Wilder
Merchants' Ex
Plutuna M Oo
E P Flint
4li8 California st
Saw Pit Flat Cons M Co
Cal
J W Clark
Tiutio M & M Co
Utah
HO Miller
411"^ California st
Vivian G & S M Co
H P
Fitch
53ft California st
Weicn uons quicksilver u
> Cal
E
Ryan
Zac&tero G M Co
Oal
L Hermann
330 Pine st
Annual
Feb 9
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
months)-
-MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Location.
Secretary.
Office
in S. F.
Amount
Payable.
Belcher M. Co.
Washoe.
H.
O. Kibbc,
[419 California st
3 00
Chariot M & M Oo
Cal
Frank Swift
4i9 California st
Consolidated Virginia M Co Washoe
D T Bacley
3U0
Crown Point M Oo
Washoe
C E Elliott
414 California st
2 00
Diana M. Co.
N.
'■• fra*set
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Nev
WWTraylcr
419 California at
50
Rye fatch M Co
Nevada
D F Verdenal
409 California st
25
Feb 5
the bn8ine68 of mining, obtaining water ditches and
machinery, reservoirs, flames, aqueducts, and imple-
ments of all kinds used in connection with the
business. Directors— M. S. Bowdish, S. \P. Doane, W.
Wainwright, W. 8. Raynor and Samuel L. Coan. Cap-
ital stock, $320,000, in 32,000 shares.
California Raisin Co. Objects : to cultivate raisin,
grape and other vinos, and cure and dispose of the
same; to carry on all the business appertaining thereto
and deal in materials necessary to carry out said pro-
ject. Directors— J. P. Whitney, N. H. Cole, F. S. Chad-
bourne, S. J. Merrill and B. P. Moore. Capital stock.
¥40,000, in 400 shares.
Monumental Quicksilver M. Co., Feb. 3.— Location:
Napa county- Director S:— George H. Baker, W. A.
Hutchinson, George H. Goddard, S. B. Leavitt and
CharleB Hider. Capital stock is $10,000 in 100,000
shares.
Hero and Heroine Cons. S. M. Co., Jan. 29.— Loca-
tion: Utah Territory. Directors— Elisha Freeman,
Joseph S. Simons, W. B. Rowe, J. H. Jennings and
G. K. Hyde. Capital stock is $6,000,000 in 60,000
shares.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation with the Secretary of State at Sacra-
mento :
Napa Valley W.Co.— To supply Napa, Vallejo, Mare
Island, Benicia, etc., with water. Capital, $500,000, in
shares of $100 each. Directors — G. S. Burrage, 0.0.
St. John, B.M. Scofield, Wm. A. Stuart and Samuel
B. Steele. The principal place of business will be in
Napa.
Franklin G. M. Co.— Location : Dutch Flat, Placer
county. Capital, $2,000,000, in shares of $100 each.
Directors— J. D. Fry, O. F. Giffin, R. N. Graves, Joseph
Sharon and L. A. Booth. The principal place of busi-
ness will be in San Francisco.
Hope Q. M. Co.— Location: Cinnabar mining dis-
trict, Sonoma county; principal place of business, San
Francisco. Capital stock, $5,000,000, divided into 50,-
000 shares of $100 each. Directors— Thomas Hardy,
Ed. McLean, Jacob Hardy, S. W. Howland, W. R.
Morey.
Gila S. M. Co.— Location: State of Nevada. Capital
stock, $10,000,000, divided into 100,000 shares of $100
each. Principal place of business, San Francisco. Di-
rectors—J. M. English, A. R. Hawkins, O. Martin, John
B. McGee, W. R. Barnes.
Julia Quicksilver M, Co.— Location: Trinity county
Capital stock, $1,250,000, divided iato 125,000 shares, at
$10 each. Principal place of business, Weaverville.
Directors— E. P. Lovojoy, O. W. Craig, J. W. Philbroofa
C.W, Smith, T. E. Jones, R. M. Paulson and J. G.
Irwin,
Mendocino M. Co.— Location: Mendocino county.
Capital stock $100,000, in shares of $20 each.
The following companies have filed certificates of in-
crease of capital stock;
Cons. Virginia M Co from $10,800,000 to $54,000.-
000 in shares of $100 each.
Cauforma M. Co. from $10,800,000 to $54,000,000 In
shares of $100 each.
Gould & Curry M. Co. from $4,800,000 to $10,800,000
in shareB of $100 each.
Succor M. k. M. Co. from 22,800 shares to 68,400 of
$50 each.
Meetings and Elections.
The following mining companies have elected offi-
cers for the ensuing year during the past week:
North California G. &. S. M. Co., Jan. 25.— Direc-
tors.: O. R. Greathouse, J. H. Blood, S. Franklin W
H. Aitken, and J. R. Lafaix.
Lyon M. & M. Co., Jan. 27.— Trustees: I\ Birdsall
(President), Henry Merwin, Constant Birdsall, John
Scott and Edward, F. Stone (Secretary) . The company
paid two dividends of $20,000 each during the fiscal
year, one in April and the other in July. The works
of the company are at Dayton, Nevada, and consist of
large buildiags, mills and other improvements, and
considerable custom work is none.
Bonanza M. Co., Jan. 25.— The following officers
were elected: P. B. Horton, President; C. P. Hurley,
Vice-President; John M. Johnson, Treasurer; F. Madge,
Secretary, andD. C. McGlynn, General Superintendent.
California M. Co.— Trustees: Edward Barron was
elected President; Charles H. Fish, Secretary; J. 0
Flood, Treasurer; J. G. Fair, Superintendent, and Ed-
ward Barron, J. C. Flood, W. S. O'Brien, S. Heyden-
feldt and T. H. Williams, Trustees. The balance sheet
shows the company's indebtedness to be $80,500; ex-
penses last year, $78,812.14; cash on hand, $1,687.86.
Kossuth M. Co.— Trustees: A. F. Everett, Robert
Sherwood, J. E. Shawnan, Peter Thompson and M.
Hockflish, Edward F. Stone was continued as Secre-
tary, and P. H. acott was chosen Superintendent.
Raymond & Ely. M. Co,, Jan. 26.— Trustees : Alpheus
Bull (President) , R. F. Morrow, Geo. W. Beaver, A. K.
P. Harmon and Henry Raymond, T. W. Colburn, Sec-
retary and H.H. Day, Superintendent.
Belcher M. Co.— Trustees: J. D. Fry, President- A.
K. P. Harmon, Vice-President; J. H. Dobinson, R F
Morrow, B. F. Sherwood, H. O. Kibbo, Secretary and
William H. Smith, Superintendent,
Clearing Land by Blasting,
We read the other day of a large flj
England who had a portable steam e]
the special purpose of clearing hisl
stumps. He had heavy tackles fastens! ■'
stump, and the steam engine pulled ifen :
and all, like a dentist pulls a tooth,* |
force and very little coaxing. This of; ''
very good way, but every farmer caniffl
to keep a steam engine for this purpoB
other method adopted in some parts c f
Britain is to remove the stumps, rockH B
new ground by means of Giant po»
substance well known in mining ojjr
among us on this coast. It is a very |
explosive, exerting its force in a more
ble manner than gunpowder and doeS
quire any tamping. In some parte*
fornia, especially in the mining regi
moving stumps by means of giant po™ .
old thing, but in other parts of the Stan t
be new to some farmers.
The methods of applying it in blaffl
trees were lately described in the Lofl
ricultural Gazette: A hole is bored with
mon auger into the center of a stumi
charge of_ Giant powder, in a carH
ready prepared to fit the hole, is insem 1
iron tapering screw, made to fit a winW™"
tightly screwed into the hole. The sci
a hole through its center, by which a
carried to the charge. The charge iaj]
in the usual manner, and the stump 8]
to pieces, or lifted out of its place. Wu
well to caution those who undertake fflj
to exercise the greatest care, and to I
good lookout for the screw, as it will afflfl
be blown to a considerable distance iffll
a charge is used. Greater useful effects!
by moderate charges. Excessive chftil
very poor execution, either blowing ii
screw or a portion of the stump, andyf
the larger portion shattered, but stiUWI
dition which makes their removal verwl
By another plan a hole is puncbjSlJ
earth beneath the center of the stumtnft
tween two of the largest roots. A cart J:
Giant powder is placed at the bottom!
hole, with a fuse attached to it. ItSf
that the powder, when it explodes, tHM
stump completely from the ground—If
case, and frequently splits it into sewf
tions. With common blasting powder J1
not be done. Its explosion is not suil
rapid, and the earth is simply remoYpl
the stump. But with the many timi
rapid and forcible explosion of the Got
der, the loose earth offers sufficient rfl-
and the force of the explosion is e» '*
rectly upward, with the best effect tj|
stump or rock. It matters not whj
object to be removed be a stump or a
effect is the same.
This powder can be used economi)
farms, as it now is in hydraulic mines, il Df
ing up large rocks which need removal,
as in removing stumps. Bandmamv
& Co., 210 Front street, who rmiu
Giant powder in this city, will fiirj
necessary instructions for the use of th)
to those who desire them . It is veH
and safe, and in many localities whoa
is being cleaned, would be of great 89
'ATENTS &
A Weekly List of U. S. Pat
sued to Pacific Coast InveB
[Fbom Offioiai Reports fob the Mining a
tuto Pbesb, DEWEY Sl OO., Publishm
U. S. AND FOBEIQN PATENT AOENO
By Special Dispatch, Sated "Waal
D. C, :Feb.'_3d, 1875. J
Foe Week Ending Jan. 19th, 18
Faucet. — 'William C. Bnasey, S. F., 0
Mortising Tool. — Gustavo Erli%
Mechanical Calculator.— Horace B. ):
S. F., Cal.
Gridibon— James H. Mitchell, S. F.,
Photographic Plate Holder. -*- Ian
Taber and Thomas H. Boyd, S. F., I
Bath Attachment. — Thomas D. Wo
F., Cal.
Koad Engine. — Biley B. Doan, Saoi
Cal.
Machine foe Tapeeing Leather. — J( *>:
tie and George W. Settle, Lebanon;
Designs
Foe Cextee Pieces.— (Five Cases)-
W. Kellett, S. F., Cal.
'The patents are not ready for deli'
Patent Office until some 14 days after the d
NoTE.^Oopies of U. 9. and Foreign Patents
by Dewey & Oo., In the shortest time possib:
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates, i
business for Pacific coast inventors tranaa
perfect security and in the shortest time posfi
a
nt8
Aparty of eight men, who, during the j
mer, have been at work for the Dutch!
pany, Plumas county, have organize
pecting party and will spend the winb
North Fork searching for rioh digging!
In Single WitAPPEBg,— Any subscriber w)
it, can have this paper addressed in Bingle M
;.,
■uary 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
85
ining Nummary.
llott'iiiifta tnoBtlr condHued from Journals pub-
Iho int«nor,in proxiinitr to the mines moDtioaeO.
VERAS COUNTY.
BB-ioN Mine — Calaveras Chrunicle, Jan.
jrk is progressing favorably in the San-
mine at Railroad. The main shaft is
leep, and levels are uow being run. It
j lit the lode will widen as the levels are
the chimney, and very favorable devel-
s are expected iu the near future. No
; the district is more energetically and
ringly worked than the Sanderson,
is there one that given better promise
ing permanent and valuable.
. — The temporary interruption of the
line, resulting from the late heavy raiu-
snrmouuted and operations are going
mal. The shaft is free from water, and
k of tunning the 1000-ft level is going
on. The batteries continue to hud
ment in crashing rock from the 900-ft
l Repaibed — The damage to the ditch
Canal and Mining Company, resulting
le late storms is repaired, and a full
water again running. The bieak was
by land slides— avalanches of soil slip-
im the steep hills into the ditch below.
Dot probable that either miners or
b will have to mourn the scarcity of
gain this season.
man Hill Mine. — The new company
1 taken hold of the Prussian Hill mine,
ailroad, is pushing operations forward
sly. The main shaft is down 225 ft, at
loint the developments are of the most
ging character. The company is deter-
to thoroughly prospect the mine, and
at object in view will continue sinking.
le is supplied with good machinery.
COUNTY.
b Mines in Scott's Valley. — Lake
Bee, Jan. 28: In November, last year,
'attenbarger discovered a lode of min-
k in the hills bordering Scott's valley,
ve miles northwest of Lakeport. Hav-
rked at mining both in California and
, Mr. W. was pretty confident that the
a silver bearing in character, so he sent
ins from the surface to San Francisco,
ay. The return received gave $97 in
0 the ton. A subsequent assay made
Wanton at Ukiah, by mill process, gave
the ton of rock from the outcroppings
same mine, which is named the "Emi-
Three other mines, the Mountain
he Manzanila and the Morning Star are
in the vicinity, all of which show silver
rock. The ledges are from four to 20
1. The miners have organized and
their locality the Blue Lake District
H. Wattenbarger has been elected
r.
DA COUNTY.
York Hill. — Foot Hill Tidings Jan. 30:
ute of rich ore still continues in this
id if anything gets better. Superinten-
oyder has his hands full of rich speci-
rery time he comes up. The ledge is
Liree feet thick and it all contains gold
Iphurets fully up to bonanza standard.
; Rocky Bar, Allison Ranch, Gold Hill,
ky and scores of others which are in
:epute than the New York Hill was for
years prior to the last half year or so,
» and we will have lively times on the
tiou of the railroad.
pecting is going on in many places here-
just now. We strolled over the bills in
directions this week and found new
miug to the surface in a great many
This is as it should be, and we hope
) be able to note a good many rich
where, heretofore, nothing encouraging
m brought to light.
Lucky mine and the old Cambridge,
>w belonging to one company, are being
up under charge of Capt. J. "White the
perintendent. A shaft on each of these
lias reached the ledge and the quartz is
look well. The company whicu we be-
1 known as the Howard Hill, except to
p their mill and to produce gold bars as
1 the spring as a supply of wood can be
This will put life into the long par-
eaertt-d village of Union Hill
ok Robbing. — Nevada Transcript Jan.
a HolmeB mine atStiotts Flat was visited
ce robbers on Wednesday night, and
a boxes at the head of the flume
sleaned up. Mr. Holmes thinks it"
iave been done early Thursday morning,
at it was the work of Chinamen. The
j were traced by their tracks to an old
vhere the amalgam had been burned.
was a fire still burning in the cabin. Mr.
3 came immediately to town, aud found
50 worth of gold which had evidently
orned on a shovel, had been sold at the
It is supposed that between three and
indred dollars in all were taken, besides
l tank of quicksilver.
ps in the mines hereabouts have been
ery busy keeping down the water, but
ere found equal to the task, and every-
s lovely now.
Juan Items.— San Juan Times: We
rom Mr. Burns, of M*lukoif, that the
ditch, the Eureka lake ditch, and the
Bloomfield ditch are broken in many
between here and Eureka. It is impos-
sible now to make even a guess at the amount
of damage resulting from the lute storms.
The Eureka lake compuny's mines at North
Columbia are in full blast. They have plenty
of water and are breaking rich ground.
PLUMAS COUNTY
North Fobk Items.— Plumas National; Jan.
23: Surveyor Eeddie, who has been at work
for some weeks over in the North Fork country,
returned on Snndny last, and kindly lurnishe*
us with the following items: The recent trial of
the North Fork Company's big pipe demon-
strates to a certainty that it will prove a grand
success. Five hundred inches of water went
through the pipo with only a " head" of thirty
feet— that is, the water only backed up thirty
feet higher than the outlet at the lower end.
This leaves 120 feet of pressure to be used, and
as soon as the cold weather is over the water
will be turned through again, and there is no
doubt but that 2,000 inches will go to Dutch
Hill. The pipe only bursted three times, so
far, and that can be accounted for by the fact
that the pipe-makers ran out of iron after the
storms set in, and were obliged to use some thtit
had been discarded and laid away as nnfit to
work. Mr. Keddie has lately surveyed two
claims for the Cariboo Hydraulic Mining Com-
pany, who will perfect their title by a patent.
The two claims embrace about 200 aores, and
it is thought to be splendid ground. They are
called the Clear Creek and the Mosquito Creek
claims. They will get their water from Butt
creek, and will have every facility for working
the ground easily and rapidly. The North
Fork section shows every indication of perma-
nent prosperity.
Daniels & O'Brien, on Whaponsee creek, are
still driving away at their bed-rock tunnel, in
hopes of getting beyond the old workings.
McCarger & Co. have commenced operations
again on Whaponsee creek.
SHASTA COUNTY.
Quabtz. — Shasta Courier: We are gratified to
learn that J. P. W. Davis, formerly of Healds-
burg, has not only succeeded in benefiting him-
self, but has been the means of developing a
new feature in Western Shasta, in the way of
gold-bearing quartz. A mill is to be put up,
and Mr. Davis has bonded three mines owned
in Trinity for $60,000. Judging from what we
have seen and heard, we think there is some-
thing pretty good in Bullychoop.
SIERRA COUNTY.
MiNmg Items. — Mountain Messenger, Jan. 30:
We undestand that the Bald Mountain Mining
Company lost all their sluices from the small
dump to the bridge, and boxeB were taken out
in spots all the way down the creek.
John Conrad, one of the owners of the Iowa
mining claim at Mt. Pleasant Ranch, informs
us that the bed of blue gravel which they have
struck is six feet in thickness, and prospects
well all through. The company have not yet
decided how they will work their claim. It ia
said that a tunnel can be run in to tap the
channel within 2,300 feet or less. Work will
be suspended for a time.
We are informed that the high water in Slate
Creek did a great deal of damage in Scales'
Diggings. The high bridge on the creek at
that place was carried away, and the flumes,
etc., crossing the creek were badly wrecked.
The two large reservoirs belonging to the Boyce
Bros., were broken and ruined, and one be
longing to Col. Williams was also destroyed.
On Sunday a slide occurred in Col. Williams'
diggings, damaging a large quantity of pipe
and doing other damage. Probably $50,000
would not more than make good the damages
done in this small camp.
SONOMA COUNTY.
Clovekdale Mine. — Sonoma Democrat, Jan.
30: The furnace of the Cloverdale mine is with-
in a few days of commencing work. It would
now be running but for the delay caused by
the late storm in delivering some necessary
articles. The furnace is well built, and stands
upon the bank of Big Sulphur, about half a
mile above the mouth of Squaw creek. Houses
for men, shops, and other necessary sheds have
been built, and all is ready for work. A railway
is also completed from the mine to the furnace.
The cars are raised and lowered by a wire rope.
There is considerable ore on the dump, said to
be of high grade. The Cloverdale will make a
good showing among the mines in this county,
which are now about ready for reducing ore.
The Livebmobe, under the charge of John
Magoon, is progressing finely. The furnace
there is also near completed. It will be ready
for work as soon as the weather settles. The
owuers are sanguine and we wish them success.
We are informed that R. S. Johnson, formerly
of Mark West, and Dave Collier, have made a
discovery of cinnabar on the Clear Lake and
Cloverdale road.
Mines Neab Mebcubtville. — Cor. Russian
Kiver Flag Jan, 28: At the Geyser mine, the
furnace, (a Kuox & Osborn) was started on the
first of January, aud the first charge of ore was
put in on the 3d. inst. On the 6th the mercury
flowed from the condensers — a remarkable oc-
currence, and unprecedented in the history
even of this exc-?lent furnace. The ore is de-
livered in carts from the mine above the fur-
nace from 5 01 6 different places. This mine is
destined to be a wonderful property. The Su-
perintendent told me that the vein was 150 feet
thick, with pay ore all through it. On my re-
turn past the Oakland, found a busy lot of men
assorting ore and shipping it to the Ida Clayton
furnace, with the tunnels going ahead aud
shafts sinking, taking out rich ore to supply
the furnace which is to be built on the mine in
the spring. I found the Missouri retorts run-
ning on ten per cent ore from the Georgia,
owned by Thompson Brothers, of Pine Flat
and Reynolds of Heuldsborg. The mines
about this flourishing camp employ about
200 men now and will employ perhaps five
times that number iu the spring.
TRINITY COUNTY.
Rumuing Things. — Trinity Journal, Jan. 30:
Tue Weaverville D. & H. M. Co. has been
mining the Ware mine day and night up to
Wednesday, when the supply of water getting
short, they were compelled to discontinue night
work. Six thousand feet of bed-rock has been
stripped.
Goon Pbospects. — Later advices from Cin-
nabar confirm the news last week regarding the
strike made by the Trinity company. Sis feet
of good cinnabar ore has been cut through by
their tunnel. Stock in the company has an
upward tendency.
Although miners throughout the county are
doing some work, the supply ts not sufficient
to keep them steadily employed. Frost and
wind during the past week has reduced the
supply to a great extent.
TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
New Albany Mine. — Tuolumne Independent,
Jan. 30: The recent development in the New
Albany mine, in the opinion of those who have
examined it thoroughly, will prove to be the
most important strike, as regards size and rich-
ness, that has been made in this county for
many years. The vein was tapped in a level
running south from the shaft, some 50 feet be-
low the level of the main tunnel, which disclos-
ed a large body of ore, pitching with consider-
able inclination, and showing free gold in a
dark blue sulphuret bearing ore, pronounced by
all who have seen it, to be of extraordinary
richness. The shaft is being driven down be-
low this level as rapidly as possible, and when
they arrive at a depth of 60 feet a level will be
run to strike the shaft, from whence they will
proceed to extract and raise this valuable and
seemingly inexhaustible body of ore. Dr. J.
Walker, under whose faith and intelligent
administration the work has been so success-
fully prosecuted, will leave for San Francisco
in the course of a week or ten days, with the
view of perfecting arrangements with his com-
pany, for a mill and hoisting works.
Anothee Mabble Steike. — Hugh Coyle &
Co. have taken up a marble lead at the upper
edge of town, which promises to be of great
value. It measures 200 feet wide and crosses
a ten acre lot. The marble is pure white,
clean and free from dirt, and the specimen we
have before us we believe would make
a white mark on the "beautiful snow." It will
be excellent for statuary.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Consolidated Virginia. — Gold Hill News
Jan. 28: Daily yield, 400 tons of ore.. This ore
is mostly extracted from the 1300 and 1400-ft
levels although the running of cross-cuts and
prospecting drifts necessitates the extraction of
some ore from the 1500 and 1550-ft levels. The
ore breasts both north and south on the 1300
and 1400-ft levels are yielding splendidly. The
north drift on the 1500-ft level has penetrated
the California ground a distance of 70 feet, the
face still in the same immensely rich chamber
of ore as that heretofore described. The bot-
tom of the winze below the 1550-ft level is still
in the richest possible character of ore. The
1500-ft level is opening up magnificently at all
points, and the prospects of the main mine
never were brighter than at the present. The
new mill is working splendidly, crushing about
250 tons of ore per day. The old mills are all
working up to their full working capacity, and
good returns maybe looked for.
Ophie. — The ore stopes between the 1300 and
1465-ft levels as well as those on the 1465-ft
level are all looking well and yielding the usual
amount of high grade ore. The bottom of the
north winze on the 1465-ft level, still continues
in the finest quality of rich ore. Assays from
the bottom of the winze last evening gave over
$1,000 per ton as the result. The southeast
cross-cut, on the 1465-ft level, is passing
through a very favorable formation, cutting oc-
casional streaks of low grade ore, a formation
similar in almost every respect to that pene-
trated by the east cross-cut in the Consilidated
"Virginia mine before cutting their immense rich
ore body. The repairs to the drifts on the 1700-
ft level are completed, and cross-cutting haB
commenced so that some good developments
may be looked for in that quarter soon.
Belohee. — The bottom of all three of the
prospecting winzes below the 1400-ft level are
in fine ore, and the prospects of the lower levels
are apparently on the increase daily.
California. — The face of the cr>ss-cut on the
1500-ft level, near the south line, ib s'ill in the
richest possible character of ore. The face of
cross-cut No. 2. on the same level, is now pen-
etrating the a»me character of material as that
found m the croBS-cuts further to the southward
just before striking the rich oreB found in the
other cross-cuts and in Consolidated "Virginia.
Lady Bbyan. — The prospecting drifts, both
north and south at the first of the new shaft
are showing fine ore, and great expectations
are based upon developments about being made
by a cross-cut started a short time since to cut
the ledge further to the northeast than it has
yet been prospected.
Dayton.— The face of the south prospecting
drift at the third station level is in a fine qual-
ity of red sulphuret ore, which is rapidly prov-
ing itself a fine development.
Ceown Point.— Sinking the main incline is
making excellent progress. The incline is fast
approaching the 1700-ft level, at whioh point a
new station will be opened and a drift started
to prospect the ledge. The main east drift on
the 1600-ft level is being pushed ahead toward
the ore vein as fast as the nature of the work will
permit. The ore breasts between the 1500 and
1400-ft levels continue to yield a good supply of
good oie. The ore breasts ou the 1300-ft level
are also yielding a considerable quantity of good
ore. Daily yield, 400 tons of ore.
Kossuth.— Sinking the south winze on the
ore body found in the south drift at the first
station level has been stopped by a flow of water
for the present.
Utah.— Preparations are being made for the
erection of new and powerful pumping machin-
ery for draining the water from the shaft and
prospecting the mine to a much greater depth
than it has yet been prospected.
Woodville. — The ore breasts at the 300-ft
level of the old works are looking well and
yielding the usual amount of good milling ore.
Chollae-Potosi.— The only work being done
in the mine at present is the putting in of new
and powerful pumping machinery at the 1100-ft
station of the incline.
IhpebialEmpire. — The main east drift on
the 2000-ft level is being steadily driven ahead,
with increasing prospects of soon reaching the
main ore vein.
Hale & Nobceoss.— Daily yield, 40 tons
of ore, from the old workings south, at the 11th
station level.
Julia. — The main south drift on the 1000 ft
level is being steadily driven ahead, following
the west wall of the ledge, occasionally cutting
some fine streaks and bunches of ore.
Union Consolidated. — The face of the north-
east drift on the 1300-ft level is still in very
favorable ledge material, containing streaks
and spots of fine looking quartz.
Justice. — The connection is not yet complet-
ed between the mining drift north from the
Waller Defeat section and that coming south
from the400-ft station of the Justice shaft, but
it will be very shortly, after which good devel-
opments may be looked for in oross-cutting at
that level.
Geobgia. — A fine, first-class working shaft,
of three compartments, has been commenced,
the tunnel explorations having indicated the
most advantageous point for sinking. Pow-
erful machinery is engaged for the hoisting
works, sufficient for working the mine to a
depth of 1500 ft.
Floeida. — Main shaft down 377 ft to-day,
with the bottom in very favorable ground with
occasional stringers of quartz coming in.
Bullion.— The south drift on the 800-ft
level is still showing some excellent prospects
of good ore. The north drift on the 1700-ft
level is steadily developing better indications
of a paying ore vein.
Ameeican Flat. — The prospects for good ore
developments on the 750-ft level are excellent.
Jacob Little Consolidated. — The old Ja-
cob Little, on Cedar Hill, having been consoli-
dated with other valuable ground adjoining, is
now about being worked up once more.
New Yobk Consolidated. — The prospects of
a fine ore development on the 700-ft level are
excellent;
Iowa. — The prospects of soon cutting the ore
vein are growing better every day.
Niagaba. — Preparations for the erection of
the new hoisting works are going steadily on
without interruption. The ore prospects in
the surface incline are improving.
Phil. Shebidan. — Main west drift in 243 ft.
The ledge looks finely, and excellent assays
are obtained, which improve as further advance
is made.
Mexican. — The lace of the north drift, on the
1465-ft tevel of the Ophir, is gradually improv-
ing as the work advances. Some fine looking
quartz, giving excellent assays, has been en-
countered .
Andes. — Development of ore bodies going
ahead us usual, but milling facilities are lack-
ing at present.
Montana-
Bannock Mines. — Montanian, Jan. 21: In
this particular section we are highly favored in
respect to lodes of superior quality. As an il-
lustration of this fact we refer to the Delmonte,
owned by Sears & Smith. Under the skillful
management of Messrs. Peck and Bray, after
a heavy expenditure of time and money, these
energetic gentlemen have developed a mine of
inestimable value, attracting the atten-
tion of capitalists from Utah, California, and all
parts of our Territory. The ore is exceedingly
rioh in silver, as various assays and shipments
have amply demonst' ated, and as a natural con-
sequence the value of this mine is rapidly in-
creasing and a new impulse is being given to
quartzmining here.
The Smelting Wobks. — The smelting works
recently burned at Jefferson City are being
rebuilt with all possible dispatch. Mr. Nowlan
is helping to develop the camp by constructing
roads to the adjacent mines, in order to obtain
the quartz to furnish the works as soon as they
are rebuilt. Con. Cannon, the popular hash
vendor at the Merriman House, is a man of
large calibre, and deserves a large share of pub-
lic patronage.
Places Diggings. — Extensive placer diggings
have been found by Messrs. Kelly and Pur-
vine, in the foothills of the Blue Wing district,
near Bannock, but, owing principally to the
scarcity of water, they will probably remain
nn worked for a time.
The Pioneer Quicksilver mine, known as the
Socrates, in Sonoma county, was sold last week
for $200,000. The Flagstaff, adjoining, was sold
to the same purchasers for $60,000.
86
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[February 6, 18;
The " Tailings" Question.
The Nevada Transcript says: The results of
the last storm presents a question of serious
import to the people of both the agricultural
and mining sections of the State. There is no
doubt but a large share of the lands adjoining
the rivers •which carry the water from the
mountains to the ocean, have been flooded, and
irreparable damage has been the result. It is
evident that no system of damming can pre-
vent an overflow when such a freshet as the
last occurs. What are the owners of farms to
do? It is evident mining can never be stpoped.
It is an industry the whole world desires to
foster. The Government will encourage it, not-
withstanding agriculture may suffer. Hy-
draulic mining is in its infancy. The very
storms which are so destructive to the valleys
are just what the mines require. The sedi-
ment, which has been accumulating for years
in the ravines and river beds, and preventing a
proper fall, has all been washed away, and
made a. place for the deposit of other quanti-
ties unwashed. There are thousands of acres
of gravel unwashed to one which has been
washed. Each year adds to the amount of sed-
iment deposited in the valleys. Fifty years
hence the whole surface of the country there
will be raised much above its present level, by
the accumulation of dirt washed down from
above. Men have invested their money and
labor there to make homes and develop the re-
sources of the country and they find themselves
each successive winter subject to an overflow
which renders their property valueless. The
same process will be continued as long as
mines are worked in the mountains. "We be-
lieve this state of facts exist only on the Sac-
ramento, American and Feather rivers, above
Sacramento . It is evident mining will have to
be stopped or that country will have to be
abandoned for its present purposes, unless
soms method can be devised to overcome the
difficulty. It is certain mining will never be
stopped. So the question as before stated, be-
comes one of serious import, and will continue
to attract the serious consideration of the res-
idents of both sections. What relief can be
afforded we cannot apprehend. The question
is a complicated one and full of difficulties.
Mining Claims in River Beds.
The Commissioner of the Land Office, in a
letter to the Surveyor-General of Montana,
wrote as f oIIowb :
"So far, however, as your letter may be re-
garded as asking the advice of this Office for
your own guidance upon the subject-matter
therein submitted, I have to say, generally,
that the mere fact that the banks of a stream
are meandered is not conclusive of its naviga-
bility. The question is one of fact, and the
rule is thus stated:
"Bivers are deemed navigable waters of the
United States when they are used, or are sus-
ceptible of being used in their ordinary condi-
tion, as highways for oommerce between the
States." (10 Wallace, 557; 11 Wallace, 411.)
The general status of the navigable waters of
the United States is thus declared :
•'The shores of navigable rivers and the Boil
under them were not granted by the Constitu-
tion to the United States, but were reserved to
the States respectively, and new States have
the same rights, sovereignty and jurisdiction
over this subject as the original ones." (3
Howard, 212; 9 Howard, 471; 13 Howard, 25.;
For general discussion and determination of
the rights of proprietors in lands bordering on
navigable rivers, under the acts relating to
survey and sale of public lands, see Bailroad
Company vs. Sohurmeir. (7 Wallace, 272.)
This office will not in any way complicate
the full jurisdictional rights in vavigable rivers
now in territorial limits, but which must in fu-
ture fall within the boundaries of a new State,
by an attempted sale of any portion of the beds
of such streams.
The ninth section of the Act approved May
18th, 1796 (1 Stats, 468), furnishes a rule upon
the subject of the proprietorship of the stream
and the bed of non-navigable rivers.
The last clause of that section is in the fol-
lowing words, viz.: "That in all cases where
the opposite banks of any stream not navigable
shall belong to different persons, the stream
and the bed thereof shall become common to
both."
The Alfalfa Parasite:
Improved agriculture is of so reoent a date in
California, that but few of the pests in the way
of insects and weeds that trouble the cultivator
in the older States, have come to plague his
California brother. Alfalfa or lucerne is one
of the staples of California agriculture, and a
weed that threatens the destruction of this
crop, is a matter of the first importance. No-
tices of a particularly troublesome dodder have
appeared in the California papers, and we are
indebted to the kind attentions of our friends
of the Pacific Bubal Pbess, of San Francisco,
and of the Sonoma Democrat, for specimens,
which have enabled us to examine the plant,
and to make an engraving of it. Almost every
one knows our common dodders, which hang
their yellow or copper-colored, wiry stems over
the bushes in the swamps of the Atlantic States.
There are ten native species east of the Missis-
sippi, several more west of that river, and
about seventy species thus far known through-
out the world, all of which, with their varieties,
are admirably described in Dr. G. Engelmann's
elaborate account of the genus. The dodders
are all parasites; the seed germinates in the
ground, and the stem attaches itself to some
other plant; by means of numerous disks or
suckers, it draws'upon the plant for nutriment,
and soon cuts itself loose from the root,
and feeds wholly upon its unfortunate host.
Some dodders live upon exogenous plants in-
Bhould be taken to prevent its spread. Cut
the infested plantB, and burn them, and do this
before the parasite has matured its seeds. If
the dodder has too full possession to allow this
to be done, then the plan followed in France,
(where a dodder, and probably the same spe-
cies, is destructive, ) may be adopted. Straw
is laid in abundance among the plants in a dry
time, and then set on Are; the sudden flame
destroys the parasite, but does not materially
injure the alfalfa, which starts from the roots,
and the stems, that escape injury by the fire. —
American AgricuVurist.
Coal Lands. — The Commissioner of the
Land Office has addressed a letter to the attor-
ney.of the Union Pacific Bailroad Company,
which is applicable to other railroad lands
when the United States government made
grants from the public domain. The letter is
in answer to one written by the attorney re-
questing the Commissioner to continue the
act of June 22, 1874, for the relief of settlers
on railroad lands, so as to permit the Union
Pacific railroad to select lands containing coal
andiron, in lieu of agricultural lands, proposed
to be released in favor of actual settlers. The
Commissioner in reply reviews the several acts
applying in the case, and concludes as follows :
"Your company receives all its coal and iron
lands without diminution on account of the
claim of any settler. To allow you in addition
to select lands purely agricultural, and take
Geological Sdkvey in Massachsetts.— They
are talking of another geological survey of Mas-
sachusetts. The last survey was in 1830, and
was imoomplete. The Committee on the sub-
ject say that there are extensive coal and lead
measures not yet determined, and deposits of
iron. It is probable that the survey will extend
over a period of fifteen years and the estimated
cost is $25,000 per annum. We have heard it
stated in this city that Professor Whitney
formerly chief of the State Geological Survey
of California, is looking out for a similar ap-
pointment on the proposed Massacusetts sur-
vey. We do not know how much truth there is
in the statement.
Placer Claims.
The following letter from S. S. Burdett, «|i
missioner of the General Land Office, ton
gressman Page, is of importance. He sayii
The size of placer claims located prior to
Act of July 9, 1870, is regulated and contro!
by local law. Subsequent to July 10, IS
and prior to May 10, 1872, no location o
placer claim can exceed one hundred and si
acres.
From and after the passage of the min.
Act of May 10, 1872, no location made by ,
individual can exceed twenty acres, and no j
cation by an association can exceed onQ h i
dred and sixty acres.
There is nothing in the Mining Acts of C i
gress forbidding one person, or an associate
of persons, purchasing as many separate j
distinct locations as he or they may desire, i,
embracing in one application for a patent
entire claim to which they have the poBi
sion and the right of possession by virtuei
compliance with local laws and congressic,
enactments.
The law does not require an expenditure;
$500 upon each location of a placer claim i
braced in an application for patent where h
tions are contiguous and constitute one cle:
Where an application embraces two or ni!
separate and distinct tracts of placer mis
ground, the required amount, viz: $500, re,
have been expended upon each _tract, an
copy of the notice and diagram posted u)<
each tract to entitle the claimant to make ei
thereof.
Fiest Shipment. — The Humboldt mill,
mining company, recently incorporated in 1
Francisco, made its first shipment of bul,
last evening. In consists of three barr
bullion, the assayed value of which was $2,
The bullion was from ore from the compa'i
mine in Winnemucoa mountain, which is |!
producing well, and has the advantage of bi
easily worked, the country rock adjoining^
vein being what miners term "picking grour
Joseph Ginacoa is Superintennent of the oi
pany's mill and mine, and under his ext
enced management good results may reasi,
bly be expeoted. — Silver Slate.
The Sierra Nevada mine produced bnllio
the value of $90,700 during the past fiscal j
The principal source of revenue, however,!
the pockets of stockholders, which panned I
$250,000 on three assessments. The comp
are engaged in sinking a new shaft, and l
$210,000 was spent last year on that acoo'
There was also $71,000 paid on accotu
hoisting ore and other work in the mine, •
$49,500 on account of the Sacramento
Sierra Nevada mills. The financial condi.
of the company shows that there is still i
000 cash on hand, and $2,200 due from
sessment. There are no liabilities.
A OALIFOBNIA WEED— DODDER UPON ALFALFA.
Base Bullion.— The exact number of bullion
bars shipped from Oerro Gordo by the Cerro
Gordo freighting company, from January 1,
1874, to the firBt of the present month, was
123,176, averaging 82% pounds each— 5,050
tons.
The first shipment of quicksilver from Men-
docino county was forwarded to San Francisco
a short time ago from the Empire mine on Dry
creek.
discriminately, while others prefer particular
plants, or those of certain families; one con-
fines itself to flax, which, besides the one in
question, is the most generally injurious. One
of our native species has been known to be
troublesome upon young trees in nurseries.
The dodder upon alfalfa, so far as we can de-
termine from description, having no authentic
specimens for comparison, is Cusculta racemosa,
variety Chiliana. The species is a very variable
one, and between it and related species there is
some confusion. The seeds of this were no
doubt introduced into California with alfalfa
seeds from Chili, the same as it was into Eu-
rope many years ago, where it was very de-
structive to lucerne, often destroying whole
fields. The engraving shows the habit of the
weed; when once fixed, it spreads and entan-
gles the several branches of a plant, or tho.se of
neighboring plants; under this heavy draught
made upon its life-blood, as we may regard the
sap, the lucerne ceases to grow, and at length
turns yellow, and dies from exhaustion. The
Sonoma Democrat publishes an opinion that
the dodder now so troublesome upon the alfal-
fa is a native species, but an examination of
the specimens makes us quite sure that it is
not. One not acquainted with the minute
characters, by which the species are distin-
guished, might, from their outwaid resem-
blance, regard them as the same. At the lower
left hand of the engraving the relative Bize and
shape of the two seeds are shown, both of
oourse magnified, The alfalfa seed is like a
minute, rather flattened, kidney bean; that of
the dodder is irregularly orbicular, and only
about one third as long as the other. An ordi-
nary magnifier will readily detect the presence
of this or other foul seeds in the alfalfa seed.
With this, as with other weeds, one important
point is to avoid introducing it, and care in se-
lecting the seed will do this. Where it makes
its appearance the most prompt measures
therefor reserved coal lands of greatly in-
creased value, would in my opinion materially
enlarge your grant, and would therefore be in
express violation of the aot under which the
claim is presented."
San Diego Mines.— The patent has been
issued for the Cuyamaca rancho, San Diego
county, containing 35,000 acres. The confirmee
is Augustin Olvera, former owner of the grant.
The patent conforms to the decision of the In-
terior Department, excluding Julian and Ban-
ner mining districts from the survey. The re-
ceipt of the patent settles the long contested
controversy between the grant owners and mi-
ners, and gives the latter a right to work unmo-
lested. A letter to the San Diego World from
Julian, dated January 18th, says that James
Paseoe, who made the original survey of the
Cuyamaca grant, which caused so much litiga-
tion and which has since been thrown out by
the Interior Department, visited Julian last
Monday, when the citizens hung and burnt him
in effigy.
Many valuable improvements have reoent'y
been made in the machinery of E. T. King &
Co's paper mills, at Saratoga, and a new boiler
has been put up with arrangements for consum-
ing all the smoke. The company is now
working a full force of hands, and the mill is
turning out large quantities of paper.
The strike in the Welch coal mines is still
unsettled. In some of the mines men are at
work. "Violent disturbaces are frequent in con-
sequence of the workers being interfered with
and imtimidated by strikers.
Pboceedlngs have been begun in the U. S.
Circuit Court by Charles C. Coolidge against
J. Hendy, to obtain $180,000 and costs of suit,
for an illeged infringement of a patent for con-
centrating metallic ores.
New Distbict. — At a miners' meeting ;
at Lang's station, Los Angeles oounty, on
12th inst., a new mining district was forn
called the "Blue Ledge Distriot." It
north of San Fernando mining district, i
necting on the same, and extending nortB
the summit of what is known as Chico Lt
mountains.
Howland tunnel in the Little Cottony
district, Utah, will be about 6,000 feet in lei
when completed. It is to penetrate the mir
belt from the base of Emma Hill, and the
eral course is northeast. The tunnel will'
through the Flagstaff, Vallejo, Ohio, Savi
Hiawatha, Emma, Diamond, Davenport I
other mines.
The Salt Lake and Ogden Bailroad Comp:
lately incorporated, is to build a narrow-gt
railroad from Ogden to Salt Lake, maki
continuous line of narrow-gauge between
different mines of the Territory and Id
Aotive operations have already been
menced.
Bbanch Mint.— A bill has been introdl
in Congress providing for the establishmerjj
a branch mint at Omaha, with the fitting off J
superintendent, assayer, melter and renl
coiner and the requisite clerks. An apprtl
ation of $150,000 is asked to meet the expel
of the building and machinery required.
A rioh depost of quartz has been struck til
feet down from the top in the old Grel
claim, two and a half miles north of Vallel
which pays fron $60 to $65 per ton, and!
ore is getting better as they go down,
casings pay from $25 to $30 per ton. The|
is from 15 to 18 inches in width.
The San Juan Times of Saturday says tilt
land slide at Forest City, Sierra county,
ried a house away, and one bridge there
swept off. The Bald mountain company
1,000 feet of flume and all the gold therin
tained. As the gravel of that company ii j
ceedingly rich, the l"ss is heavy.
The force at the Globe foundry, Stockto
busy on the iron work of the two stern w
steamers ordered some time ago for a Bus
company, to ply on the Amoor river.
boats will cost $16,000 each, and will be v
for shipment in about a month.
The people in Truckee are elated over i
discovery of the bonanza, on acoount of ttnp
mand which it will create for their lumber, I
most of which will have to come from f P
mills.
•"ebruary 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
87
Qood HE4LTH-
ie Philosophy and Relative Warmth of
Clothing.
A London medical journal says that Dr. Von
itftenkofer, in a careful study of this subject
ct-ntly pnbtiHhed, has pointed oat that the
nneability of stuff* to air is a condition ot
eir warmth. Of equal surfaces of the folio w-
g materials, he found that they were perme-
ed by thw following relative quantities of air,
e most porous flannel, Bticb as is us- .1 ordi
nly for clothing, being taken at 100: Flannel,
0; tinen, of medium fineness, 58; silk, 40;
ickhkin, .",s; tunned leather, 51. Hence, if the
irmth of clothing depend upon the degree in
sich it keeps out the air from our bodies,
en glove kid must be 100 times warmer
an ilauutil, which every one knows is not the
ot. The whole question, then, is resolved
to that of ventilation. If several layers of
0 Bame material be placed together, and the
r be allowed to penetrate through them, the
ntilation through the second layer is not
ach less than through the first, since the
Bthes of the two form a system of continuous
boa of uniform diameter, and the rapidity
the movement of the air through these, is
merely by the resulting friction,
trough our clothing, then, there passes a
ream of air, the amount of which, as in ven-
ation, depends upon the size of the meshes,
ion the difference of temperature between the
tornal and internal atmosphere and upon the
ilocity of the surrounding atmosphere.
Our clothing, then, is required, not to pre-
int the admission of the air, but to regulate
ie same so that our nervous system shall be
usible to no movement in the air. Further,
ir clothes at the same time, regulate the tem-
•ratnre of the contained air as it pass
.rough them, so that the temperature of the
r between the clothing and the surface of our
>dy avorages 84 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit.
be hygroscopic property of different material
led for olothing essentially modifies their
notions. This property varies with the differ-
lt materials; wool, for instance, takes up
ore water than linen, while the latter takes
3 and gives off its watery contents more rap-
ly thau the former. The more the air is dis-
laced by water from the clothes, the less will
> their power of retaining the heat; in other
ords, they conduct the heat more readily and
ence we are quickly chilled by wet garments.
About One's Self.
The object of brushing the teeth is to remove
ie destructive particles of food which by their
ecomposition generate decay. To neutralize
le acid resulting from this chemical change is
36 object of dentifrice. A stiff brush should
e used after every meal, and a thread of silk
oss or India rubber passed through between
be teeth to remove particles of food. Rinsing
tie mouth in iime water neutralizes the acid.
Living and sleeping in a room in which the
un never enters is a slow form of suicide. A
an bath is the most refreshing and life-giving
ath that oan possibly be taken.
Always keep the feet warm, and thus avoid
olds. To this end, never sit in damp shoes or
rear foot coverings fitting and pressing closely.
The best time to eat fruit is half an hour be-
ore breakfast.
A full bath should not be taken less than three
tours after a meal. Never drink cold water be-
ore bathing. Do not take a cold bath when
ired.
Keep a box of powdered starch on the wash-
tand; and after washing, rub a pinch over the
lauds. It will prevent chapping.
If feeling cold before going to bed, exercise;
lo not roast over a fire.
Tbe Virtues op Butter Milk. — Mr. Robing,
Q a paper presented to the French academy,
bus extols the virtue of buttermilk: Life ex-
sta only in combustion, but the combustion
vhich occurs in our bodies, like that which
akes place in our chimneys, leaves a detritus
vhich is fatal to life. To remove thiB he would
ufrniui&ter lactic acid with ordinary food. This
icid is known to possess the power of removing
>r destroying the incrustations which form on
;he arteries, cartillages and valves of the heart.
\.s buttermilk abounds in this acid, and is.
noreover, an agreeable kind of food, its
Habitual use, it is urged, will free" the system
from these causes, which inevitably cause
leath between the seventy-fifth and hundredth
year.
The Abuse of Appetite.
The appetite is one of the least appreciated
of nature's gifts to man. It is generally re-
garded in this work-a-day world as something
to be either starved or stuffed— to be got ri 1 ot
at all events with the least inconvenience pos-
sible. There are people who are not only glad
that they have been endowed with sound,
healthy bodies, for which nature demands re-
trenchment and replenishment, but they are act-
ually ashamed to have it kuown that they are
sustained in the usual manner. The reason of
this we are at a loss to conceive. Everybody
admires beauty, and there can be no true
boanty without good health; aud no good
health without a regular and unvary-
ing appetite. We are disinclined to let
appetite take any responsibility on itself.
It we happen to consider it too delicate, we try
to coax it, perhaps stimulate it with highly
seasoned or fancifully-preparftd food. There
are times when this may seem necessary, as in
the case of a person so debilitated as to depend
for daily strength on what he eats. But, usu-
ally, the cajoling process is a mistake. If the
appetite ol an individual in fair bodily condi-
tion be occasionally slender, it is no cause for
alarm, and it should be allowed to regulate it-
self. It may safely be considered nature's
protest against some transgression, and it is
wise not to attempt coercion.
At certain seasons, as in spring and summer,
the appetite of even the robust is apt to fail,
and the relish for meats and heavy food to
wane. This is all right enough, for animal
diet in warm weather heats the blood, tends to
headaches, and is generally unwholesome, un-
less sparingly used. On the other hand, fresh
vegetables, berries, fruit and bread are cooling,
corrective, and what the palate most oraves.
Don't be afraid to go without meat a month or
so; and if you like, live purely on a vegetable
regimen. We will warrant that you will lose
no mote strength than is common to the time,
and that you will not suffer from protraoted
heat, as when dining on the regulation toast.
— Good Ileallh.
Heart Disease and Sudden Death. — Do not
all persons with heart disease die suddenly?
By no means. The popular impression is that
alt heart diseases entail a probability of sudden
death. Dr. Lancereaux states that the ordinary
termination is slow death, due to the increased
difficulty in the circulation, and to the organic
lesions that this induces. A less frequent ter-
mination he calls rapid death. This is caused
by some sudden impediment, more or lesB com-
plete, to the introcardial circulation, such as a
displacement of fibrinous concretions in the
heart, or rupture of the valves. In this case
death ensues in from ten to fifteen minutes. A
third mode of ending is sudden death, whioh,
of course, frequently happens under certain
circumstances — Herald of Health.
Gbeen Tapers Poisonous. — The use of red
and green wax tapers on Christmas trees is pro-
nounced highly dangerous by thePoprdar Science
monthly on account of the poisonous nature of
the colored matter employed. Yellow and blue
tapers are harmless.
UsEfJl. If^OF^t^pQP*.
House Windows.— The more light admitted
to apartments the better for those who occupy
them. Light is as necessary to sound health
as it is to vegetable life. Exclude it from plants
and the consequences are disastrous. They
cannot be perfected without its vivifying influ-
ence. It is a fearful mistake to curtain and
blind windows so closely for fear of iujuring
the furniture by exposure to the Bun's rays;
such rooms positively gather elements in dark-
ness which engender disease. Let in the light
often and fresh air too, or suffer the penalty of
aches and pains and long doctor's bills, which
might have been avoided.
To Prevent Baldness, says a correspondent,
throw away all oils and pomades, and wash the
parting of the hair with cold water, night and
morning, dry thoroughly, aud then use a good
stiff brush, and keep brushing until redness or
a warm glow is produced.
The improved German bleaching process,
known as Pubetz's, is spoken of in foreign
journals as an important success. It consists
in first dissolving about nine pounds of perman-
ganate of potash or soda, in water, and then
adding one-fourth this quantity of sulphate of
magnesia dissolved in water. The color of the
liquid is then a very fine violet, and the amount
thus prepared will suffice for about two hun-
dred and twenty pounds of wool. A sulphur-
ous acid bath is also prepared, heated to seven-
ty-seven degrees, Fahrenheit, when used. The
materials to be bleached are first thoroughly
cleansed, and then kept in the permanganate
bath for a quarter of an hour, on withdrawal
from which they are found covered with a de-
posit of peroxide of manganese. They are next
introduced into the sulphurous acid bath, which
reduces the peroxide of manganese to the pe-
roxide, the salts of which are readily removed
by subsequent washing. If the yarns or fab-
ric resist the bleaching process, they are treat-
ed with hydrochloric acid, containing one part
of commercial acid to twenty parts of water.
One special advantage of thiB process is, that
it affords a meaus by which even indigo may be
discharged by a series of successive bleachings,
leaving the stuff fit for re-dyeing.
Something New in the Preservation of
Fruit. — The following method for the preserva-
tion of fruit has been patented in England.
The fruit is placed in a vertical vessel in layers,
separated by layers of pulverized white sugar,
aud is then covered with alcohol of 80Q Gay
Lussac. After twelve hours the closed vessel
is inverted and the macreation allowed to con-
tinue from 12 to 72 hours, according to the na-
ture of the fruit, which is then removed and al-
lowed to drain and dry. About two pounds of
sugar ond two poundB of alcohol are recom-
mended for four pounds of fruit.
The Antiquity op Iron.— We are relieved
from any doubt as to whether iron was in use
3,400 years ago by the discovery of a wedge or
plate of iron imbedded in tbe masonry of the
Great Pyramid itself. This instructive relic,
like the half fused magnifying lens found at
Pompeii, throws much flight on questions of
early workmanship. It has been a great puz-
zle to those who attributed the first use of iron
to a date not much more than 2,900 years back,
how such shtirp and well defined hieroglyphics
could have been out by the ancient Egyptians
on porphyry, granite and the hardest stone.
From the certain proof that iron had been pro-
duced and wrought in the age of King Cheops,
5,400 years ago, we can better understand how
the innumerable and exquisitely sunk symbols
and figures were wrought on tombs, temples
and scarcopbagi. And more than that, from
the great similarity in the mode of treatment
that prevailed from the time of the Ptolemies
back to the very earliest known Egyptian in-
scriptions, we have sometimes closely ap-
proaching a proof of the use of iron as far back
as the fifth Egyptian dynasty, if not in the time
of Moses himself; that is to eay, six thousand
three hundred years ago.
Preventing the Decay of Shingles — A
Cheap Way. — Take a large kettle or tub that
will bold about a barrel and fill it half full of
wood ashes or potash lye, add to the liquid
adout three pouuds of alum, and as much salt
as wiil dissolve In the mixture. Make the
liquor quite warm* and put as many shingles
in it as can be convenientlv wetted at once.
Stir them up thoroughly, and when well soaked
take them out and put in more, renewing the
liquor as necessary. Then lay the shingles,
when dry, in the usual manner.
After they are laid, take the liquor that is
left, put lime enough into it to make white-
wash, and if any coloring is desirable add ochre,
Spanish brown, lamp-black, etc., and apply to
the roof with a brush or an old broom. ThiB
wash may be removed from time to time. Salt
and lye are excellent preservatives of wood.
It is well known that leach tubs, troughs and
other articles used in the manufacture of pot-
ash never rot. The become saturated with
alkali, turn yellowish iuBide aud remain im-
pervious to the weather.
Weight by Measure. — It will be a very great
convenience in the family, and sometimes else-
where, to remember the following:
Wheat flour, one quart is one pound.
Indian meal, one quart is a pound and two
ounces.
Butter, when soft, one quart is one pound
and one ounce.
Loaf sugar, broken, one quart is one pound.
White sugar, powdered, one quart is one
pound and one ounce.
Best brown sugar, one quart is one pound
and two ounces. #
Eggs, average size, ten eggs are one pound.
Sixteen large tablespoonfulls are a half pint,
eight are a gill, four are a half gill, etc .
Don't Sell the Pelts. — The skin of an ani-
mal, whether cow, calf, colt or horse, that dies
on the farm is worth more at home than at the
tanner's. Cut it into narrow stripes, and
shave off the hair with a sharp knife before
the kitchen fire, or in your workshop on stormy
days and evenings. You may make them soft
by rubbing. A rawhide halter strap an inch
wide will hold a horse better and last longer
than an inch rope. It is stronger than hoop-
iron and more durable, and may be used to
hoop dry casks and boxes, and for hinges. Try
it on a broken thill or any woodwork that has
been split. Put it on wet and nail fast. Thin
skins make the best to use it in its natural
state. For other purposes it may be dressed.
Domestic Ecoftopy
Number of American Newspapers. — There
are now published in the United States and
Cunada 7,769 newspapers — of which number
7,360 are published in the States, and 409 in
the Dominion of Canada. There are 400
papers printed in New York city.
How to Prevent Damp from Entering into
Stone. — The following ingredients melted and
mixed together and applied while in a hot state
to the surface of the stone, will prevent all
damp from entering into it, and also those veg-
etable substances from growing upon it: 1%
pounds of rosin, 1 pound of Russian tallow,
1 quart of linseed oil. This Bimple remedy has
been proved upon a piece of very porious stone
made into the form of a basin, aud two coats
of this liquid being applied, caused it to hold
water as any earthenware vessel.
First Use of Anthracite. — It appears by
letters embraced in the Penu manuscripts that
anthracite coal was found in the Wyoming
region, and a specimen sent to England in
1766. Heretofore it has been supposed that
the discovery was first made about 1770 or
1771. In 1769, Thomas Penn, writing from
London, refers to coal hills near Pittsburg. A
map of Pennsylvania, published in 1770, notes
the existence of coal in the vicinity of Potts-
ville.
Flavorings.
Good flavorings are a mo t desirable addi-
tion over tbe cooking of olden times, when
spices were the chief resort. These, however,
are somewhat expensive, and thus many are
deterred from using them in the common cook-
ing of cakes, custards, puddings, etc.
But much can be done to help the matter by
making some, at least, of our own "extracts."
Vanilla beans are not expensive, and these
boiled in milk flavor dishes nicely, and, we
think, that the beans put into spirits would
give a good extract at little cost.
Lemon, whioh is a more general favorite,
oan be easily made, and, when lemons are
oheap, at a very small expense. Take the peel
off, say of three or four lemons, and bruise or
chop fine, and put it into a pint bottle, filling
the bottle with good spirits, and, in a few days
you will have a strong "extract," and at a cost
of one quarter of what the small bottles of the
same amount, would cost. To do this econo-
mically, the right season of the year, when
lemons are low-priced must be chosen, and
then enough can be made to last the year.
The oil of bitter almonds is also inexpensive,
but great care must be taken in using this, as
it is a violent poison, and needs but a mere
trifle to flavor a pudding, custard, or other
sauce, for which it is desirable. It is well to
reduce a little of the oil, as for an essence,
before using.
To those fond of flavorings, these hints may
be acceptable and lead others to experiments of
their own.
Heat in the Human Body. — If the heat
which a human body gives off in twenty-four
hours could, consistently with life, be retained
within the body, its temperature would, at the
end of that time, have reached 185 deg., Fan.,
a temperature above the point of coagulation
of albumen, and high enough to cook the tis-
Oregon Pine. — A recent test of the relative
strength of oak and Oregon pine made at San
Francisco, with bars an inch square and three
feet long, showed that the pine waB equal to
the oak. Both broke under the same weight
placed in the middle of each bar, namely, 260
lbs.
Bcecher on Apples.
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher expatiates with
true ecclesiastical unction on the manifold
uses of the apple in the domain of culinary
art. It might take its place on the table as
regularly as the potato or the onion, for though
"the onion is far more odorous, the apple is
far more blessed." It is an admirable sauce
for meat, which always craves a piquant acid
for relish. When meat is wanting, "a scrap of
pork in the frying pan, with sliced apples, will
serve the economic table almost as well as if
it had been carved from a beef or cut from a
sheep." Mr. Beecher blesses the memory of
tbe unknown inventor of the apple pie. He
would fain make a pilgrimage to his grave and
rear over it an everlasting monument. But
the juice of the apple, he accepts only with
discreet reservations. Though nanished from
its former universal position upon the farmer's
table, cider is creeping back again, but it comes
in the name of a neighbor, and is called cham-
pagne. Whether in one form or another, it is
still savory of the orchard; it still brings
warmth to chilly veins, and adds to the oheer
of many a homely domestic festival. "I can-
not," says Mr. Beecher, "as a temperance
man, exhort you to mike it, but I must say,
that if you make it, you had better make it
good."
Plain Diet. — This is what children ought on
every account to be accustomed to from the
first; it is vastly more for their present health
and comfort than little nice things with which
fond parents are so often apt to vitiate their
appetites and it will save them a great deal of
mortification in after life. If you make it a
point to give them the best of everything; to
pamper them with rich cakes, sweetmeats and
sugar plums; if you allow them to say with a
scowl, "I don't like this or that," "I can't eat
that," and then go away and make them a little
toast, or kill a chicken for their dainty palates
depend upon it you are doing a great injury,
not only on the score of denying a full muscle
and rosy cheek, but of forming one of the most
inconvenient habits that they can carry along
with them in after life. When they come to
leave you they will not half the time find any-
thing they can eat — and thus you will prepare
them to go chafing and grumbling through life,
tbe veriest slaves almost in the world. Mothers,
listen aud be warned in time, for the time will
come when you will repent; seeing your sons
and daughters make their homes miserable by
complaint, and raising their children up in the
same way. — Rural New Yorker.
About Bran.— Wheat bran is very muoh
richer in phosphoric acid than corn bran.
Wheat contains in the whole grain 8.2 per
cent. ; but nearly the whole of the phosphoric
arid of the grain exists in the husk or bran.
The wheat bran contains nearly twenty-nine
per cent, of this valuable substance. What
percentage is in the bran of corn we have no
meaDS of ascertaining, but it is certainly leas
rich in phosphoric acid than wheat bran.
Rye b-au ia richer still than wheat bran,
containing over thirty-four per cent, of phos-
phoric acid, which is a larger proportion than
is contained in any other article of food for
poultry than the latter. If wheat bran is pre-
served free from damp or mould it will not de-
teriorate in quality or keeping for any moder-
ate length of time, a year for instance.— Nvim
York Tribune.
Strengthening Jelly. — Boil in two quarts
of water one ounce of rice, one ounce of sago,
aDd one ounce of barley, until reduo d one-
half. Strain into a mold; take a teacupfull
morning, noon and night. It can be sweet-
ened and flavored to taste.
88
MINING AND. SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 6, 1875.
______________
fuj_fi_____K— -
cientitTc^ress.
W. B. EWER Sesiob Editqb.
DEWEY «fc CO., X1 'Ttiblisliers.
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Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Rates:
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fix 'months, $2.25', three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at our risk.
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Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearing
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper,
inserted at special rates.
Sail Francisco:
Saturday Morning, Feb. 6, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORXAXS ANX* GENERAL NEWS.
The Protracting Sextant — A New Instrument for
Hydrographic "Work, 81. Among the Foundries and
Machine Shops; Academy of Sciences; Economic
Botany, 88-89. The Rain Fall, 89- Clearing Land
by Blasting; Hydraulic Mining in California; Indus-
trial Items; Patents and Inventions; Sensible; Locked
Out; Singular Discovery, and other Items of News,
92-
. ILLUSTRATIONS.— Lowry's Protracting Sextant,
81. A California Weed— Dodder upon Alfalfa, 86.
Economic Botany, 89.
CORRESPONDENCE. — Chrome Ore in Napa
County; Colusa County Quicksilver Mines; The
California Blue Lead in Oregon and Washington Ter-
ritory, 82-
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— Foundry Econ-
omy; English Railroadlron; Superior Steel; Metal-
lic Contraction; Improved Tuyere for Forges; The
First Planing Machine; Large Hammer and Crane;
Eile-Outting Machinery; Throwing Water from Pipes,
83.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Science and Faith;
Tides of Lakes and Lakelets; Fall in the Value of
Amethysts; Use of the Spectroscope in Puddling;
Sewage Utilization; Buried Knowledge; Important
Discovery in Lubrication, 83.
MINING STOCK ]_ARK__T.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of Stock
Market for the Week, 84.
MINING SUMMARY from various counties in
California and Nevada, 85.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Something New in
the Preservation of Fruit; Number of American
Newspapers: The Antiquity of Iron; Preventing the
Decay of Shingles — A Cheap Way; Weight by Measure;
Don't Sell the Pelts; How to Prevent Damp from
Entering into Stone; First Use of Anthracite; Heat in
the Human Body; Oregon Pine, 87-
GOOD HEALTH. -The Philosophy and Relative
Warmthof Clothing; About One's Self; The Virtues
of Buttermilk; House Windows; To Prevent Bald-
ness; The Abuse of Appetite; Heart Disease and Sud-
den Death; Green Tapers Poisonous, 87.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY. — Flavorings; Beecher
on Apples; Plain Diet; About Bran; Strengthening
Jelly, 87-
MISCELLANEOUS.— Struck Pay; Webb's Flang-
ers; Something New; Cinnabar in Trinity; Blue Tent,
82. The "Tailings" Question; Mining Claims in
River Beds; Geological Survey in Massachusetts;
Base Bullion; The Alfalfa Parasite; Coal Lands; San
Diego Mines; Placer Claims; First Shipment; New
District; Branch Mint, 86. The Text Book Matter,
90.
The pasties interested in the mining district
of Mud Lake are taking the proper course to
determine the value of their discoveries. A
three stamp prospect mill, to be run by an
eight-foot breast- wheel, is being framed in Reno
and will be shipped and set up in the district
as soon as completed.
The Carson Mint has lately received a large
quantity of new machinery, including a grind-
ing machine, lathe machine, shaping machine,
hydraulic press, hydraulic pump, rolling ma-
chine, draw-bench, cutting press and coining
machine.
The Board of Management of the Ruby Hill
Miner's Union has passed a resolution giving a
free use of its hall on Sundays for religious ser-
vices, without distinction as to denomina-
tion.
Senatob John P. Jones and E. R, Burke have
purchased the remaining two-twelfths of the
Sumner gold mine, in Kern County, for $150,-
000, which gives them the entire ownership.
Peatt's bill compelling miners to take out
patents for claims, whether they want to or
not, has been indefinitely postponed in Con-
gress, which action kills it.
The company which recently purchased the
Pioneer claims, S.eira county, have already re-
ceived a portion of their freight and will at
once commence getting ready to open them.
Oee fob Liverpool. — The steamer "Dakota,
for Panama on the 23d inst., took on at Wil-
mington 738 sacks of Panamiat ore, weighing
81,310 pounds.
The mint fever is spreading. Chicago, St.
Louis, Cmcinatti and Omaha want one. The
rest of the country i* to hear from.
The Nebraska mine, near Nevada City,
has struck a deposit of gravel jielding 12 ounces
to the pan.
The Eurpka Sentinelsajs there are over 1,000
tons of bullion in bars, now corded up at the
Richmond smelting works, awaiting shipment.
Among the Foundries and Machine Shops.
The share-holders of the Linseed Oil Mills
are so well satisfied with the profits of this con-
cern that they are about doubling the mechan-
ical capacity of the present apparatus for ex-
tracting the oil from the seed; and Messrs.
Booth & Co. are now engaged on designs for
another pair of oil presses with the hydraulic
pumps and connections for working the same.
The designs are in their hands, and we trust
they will carry this job through in spite of the
Eastern competition in price which they have
had to contend with in estimating, and prove
that in the now rapidly increasing demand here
for hydraulic machinery of this class, our re-
sources on the spot are sufficient to supply our
mechanical needs.
The Risdon Works.
The handsome little steamer built at these
works for the use of the Custom House
Officials in the harbor, was launched at these
works. The details of the machinery through-
out are unique. The hull, machinery and all
was built at the works, the Dickie Brothers
superintending the, construction of the wood
wo'rk. The hull is of the following dimensions
length over all, 68 feet; beam, 11 feet 6 inches;
depth of hold, 6 feet 6 inched The timbers
are all of white oak, and the planking is of
cedar. All the deck fittings and facings are of
East India teak, and the bit-heads, mooring-
pipes and rudder, with all its fittings, are of
brass. The engine is of the surface condensing
type. The boiler is cylindrical, with one fur-
nace-flue, three feet in diameter, the diameter
of the boiler being sis feet nine inches. The
boiler has 600 feet of heating surface, and will
be able to develop about 70 horse-power. The
propeller is 5 feet 10 inches in diameter and 9
feet pitch, and is made of brass.
The Corliss valve, by which means the steam
is made to travel the least distance possible
from the steam chest to the cylinder, is gaining
in favor, and we notice the same applied to the
large hoisting engines- now building at the
Risdon Iron Works. We think, however, that
the equilibrium stamp or lifting valve with
which most of the engines for mining purposes
built and building at the works have been sup-
plied, are on the whole preferable. The adjust-
ment being more simple, the liability to disar-
rangement less; the greater durability giving
by far the least amount of friction surface and
the decrease in prime cost. Mr. Moore, the
able superintendent is now busily arranging
the plan for the steam hoists. The most im-
portant mechanical work connected with the
new Palace Hotel. We expect at an early day
to furnish our readers with detail* of this work!
the principle involved in the design being of
speoial interest.
Lifting Pumps.
At the machine shop of Messrs. Hendy, we
noticed a new design for a lifting pump, to be
worked by steam power, which is certainly
worth the consideration of all interested in
mines and other concerns when the question of
pumping on a large scale has to be considered.
The design, which is not limited to capacity,
was drawn out for an 8-inch ram, having a 5-
foot stroke. The outside of the ram clears the
pump barrel by M of an inch, and works air-
tight in the necks or bodies of two stuffing
boxes fitted in the center of the pump barrel;
an 'ordinary lid and box is attached to either
end of the barrel for access to the check valves.
The bottom valve seat is fitted into the bottom
of the barrel. The top valve seat is cast solid
on the top of the ram. The facility of access
to the working parts, diminished friction and
convenience of this arrangement for mining
purposes is self apparent.
The Aetna.
The company incorporated a short time since
for the manufacture of linen, claims in the list
of its directors, Mr. HanBcom, of the Aetna
Iron Works. We understand that the plant, as
far as possible, is to be manufactured in this
city. That, as every one acquainted with this
class of manufacture is aware, includes a num-
ber of powerful presses driven by steam power
and worked by water pressure. This points
to busy times at the Aetna Iron Works at no
distant day.
Brass Fitting and Finishing.
One important branch of the machine and
steam engine trade has been gradually estab-
lishing itself in the midst of our foundries.
We allude to the brass fittings and finishings of
engines and boilers. First among the estab-
lishment of works competing in this class of
work isthefirm of Garratt & Co. The compe-
tition of the agents of Eastern firms has been
somewhat severe in this depaitment, these
goods being of easy transport. However,
scarcely a new piece of machinery is rnadt
amongst us the finished fitting of which does
not bear the name of this firm and others sta-
tioned here. We noticed here a very elegant
little design of gearing being made. It consists
of a pendulum abjut five f etlong, with rods,
stand, levers, shaft, etc., all of polished brass,
and was designed by Mr. Hedburn for coonect-
iugwith and workiug the indie itor on the hori-
zontal engine in the new mint, which drives
the machinery when the load does not require
the power of the beam engine, of which men-
tion was made a short time since.
Hawkins & Cantrell
Have, in the course of some three years, built
up a nice little business in the specialty of
hoisting engines, and during the last few
months have been pushing a brisk trade in this
specialty, the material for the top stories of the
Palace Hotel and much of the shipping freight
being hoisted by engines made by them. One
of the first jobs they performed was to build
the handsome little beam engine that drives
their shop at the present time. They have just
had full sized designs prepared of all the work-
ing parts of their pattern of hoisting engines,
together with cloth tracings of the plans for
use in the work-shop, to facilitate the prepara-
tion of the different parts.
One department of mechanical engineering
offers at the present time a favorable opportu-
nity for the investment of skill and enterprise.
We allude to the small, strong and compact
Marine Engines,
Available for use in the numerous tugs which
find such remunerative employment in our
harbor. There is no reason why the engines
and boilers of the new tug just finished build-
ing between the ware-houses and dry dock
should not have been made here, taking into
consideration the freight and numerous extra
expenses in fixing and preparing for working
order this class of machinery brought from the
East.
We made an inspection of the engines of the
tug "Redmond" during two or three trips. The
engines, as far as coal consuming goes, will
compare favorably with any for similar pur-
poses. The design and details of the same are
scarcely uniform in any of the working parts,
crank shaft, rods, valve, gear, etc., having
been renewed from time to time with whatever
material was _fbst handy for use. In this re-
spect the engines of the tug ' 'Wizard" form a
marked contrast, the design throughout being
in uniform proportion. The link movement be
ine specially good in this respect.
The Union Iron Works are to be moved with-
in a few months, over on the Potrero, where
extensive works are to be erected.
Academy of Sciences.
The regular meeting of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences was held on Monday evening,
Dr. Henry Gibbons, Second Yice-President, in
the chair. The following named gentlemen
were balloted for, and duly elected resident
members of the Academy: J. R. Scowden, Jere-
miah Clark, Horatio Stone, and Cornelius
Herz, M. D.
Donations to the Museum.
The additions made to the museum embrace
a number of interesting articles, the most val-
uable of which was received from J. C. Merrill
& Co., being a marine glass that originally be
longed to Captain William Bligh, commander
of the British war-ship Bounty, which was
taken by mutineers in the last century. The
glass is of the old style, the case being about
thirty-six inches in length and covered with
leather, which has an antique hue, although
well preserved. It draws out in two sections
about eighteen inches longer, and is a glass of
good power. On the leather has been painted
the following inscription: "This glass origin
ally belonged to Captaiu William Bligh, who
commanded H. B. M. ship Bounty, when taken
by the mutineers, who afterward settled on
Pitcairn's Island, It was left at Tahiti, and
from thence came into the possession of Kame-
hameha III., of the Hawaiian Islands, and was
presented by KamehamehaV. to Captain James
Smith, who left it with J. C. Merrill & Co.,
who presented it to the California Academy of
Sciences.
J. C. Raymond presented a valuable case and
drawers, also a collection of books for the
library.
J. C. Merill presented a minature Esquimaux
boot, a fine specimen of workmanship, and
whale's teeth.
Dr. H. Behr presented the web of the larva
of the eucheira socialis, a species of caterpillar,
from New Mexico, in about the same climate as
that of California. It feeds on a species of
arbutus, and could be introduced into this State
if desired. It forms a water-proof sack, into
which it retires for shelter from the weather.
The bag is remarkable for its exceeding delicacy
and lightness.
W. G. W. Harford presented several species
of crustaceans, from Santa Barbara.
Wm. J. Fisher presented thirty specimens of
Crustacea from Japan, Behring Straits and the
Arctic Ocean, several of which were new to
science, and none were before included in the
collections of thd Academy.
Communications.
Mr. T. J. Lowry, of th^ U. S. Coast Survey,
read a paper on the "Piotracting Sextant/"
which is given in another column.
Dr. Henry Gibbons read a paper on climatic
changes in California, which we will give next
week.
W. N. Lockington read an interesting and
exhaustive paper on sponges, illustrating his
remarks with diagrams.
Two papers were received from Dr. J. G.
Cooper, one "On Origin of California Land
Shells," and another 'On Shells of the West
Slope of North America."
A paper was read from Professor George
Davidson, of the U. S. Coast Survey, President
of the Academy, giving a brief description of
the recent Transit of Venus, as observed by
him while in charge of one of the Government
| expeditions for that purpose in Japan.
Economic Botany.
Second Lecture Delivered before the University o!
Cal. College of Agriculture on Tuesday, Jan. .'
19, by Prof. C. E. Bessey, M. S., of the Iowa
College, Ames, Iowa.
[Reported, expressly for the Pases. 1
Fungi Continued.
At the conclusion of the preceding lecture I I
was telling you about these three forms, __ibi- • '
dium, Uredo and Puccinia. You will recollect $
that the Mddiwm, is the cup-like growth, J
which after a while develops into something £
which is quite different. De Bary thinks that I
the spores of JEcidvmn Berberidis will not grow I
upon the Barberry. They grow upon wheat ri
and produce first, Uredo and then Puccinia'. %
Uredo appears earliest in the season and has
rounded spores which are orange colored. ?
Later in the season there appear upon the £
leaves of the wheat elongated black patches; "V
which, upon microscopic examination, are
shown to be composed of elongated spores. InJ
the first form, it has received the name Uredo >-,
rubigo-vera; while in the second form it is called,*
Puccinia graminis. This last form is the true ^
rust. This theory is pretty generally accepted.^
However, the two forms have been watched . i
carefully and found to run one into the other. ^
You will find that always in describing the ^
Puccinia, the kind of fruits are described; that
is, the elongated red spores. These, you un- •(
derstand, push^through the epidermis, the leaf. *
Now, these two, Uredo and Puccinia, are cer--i,,
tainly the same, and the probability is that
^SScidium is but one of the forms of this poly-
morphic species.
Now, Botanists have not determined whether
the spores of Puccinia will germinate upon the
grass or not; or, whether it is necessary that
these pass back, and germinate again upon
the Barberry. The latter is probably the case.
The present state of our knowledge then,
amounts to this, that JEddium, which grows
upon the Barberry is but one form of the same .."£
plant which grows upon wheat; first as Uredo I
and then as Puccinia, Uslilago segetum, (or
Usiilago carbo of som!e authors), is the next
one and belongs to this same group, No. IV,
and is the
Black Smut, Blast, or Blight.
Here is shown (Fig. 2,) a head of wheat, nat-
ural size, blasted, and also some of the spores
highly magnified. The spores are, as you see, .;
not entirely round, but somewhat flattened.
The next, Ustilago Maydis, is the one that?
produces the black blast, or smut, on Indian
corn. (See fig. 3). Its spores, under the mi- a
croscope, are found to be rounded, larger, and''
are full of little prickles all over the surface.,
We do not know the full history of these smuts.--,
and it is likely that they are polymorphic also. '
Please to observe the differences in their spores, '
as shown in the figures. Those of Ustilago
segetum are rounded and somewhat flattened,^
while those of the last species {Ustilago May--;
dis), are rounded and covered with prickles.
Wheat is sometimes troubled with what is.
called * 'bunt, or stinking smut." {Tiltetia caries).
Wheat, affected with this fungus, changes its
appearance somewhat. The kernels are al-
ways large and a little green in color.
You take this in your finger, crush it and the '
odor is exceedingly fetid. Under the micro-
scope myriads of little spores will be visible.
You will find that these spores are borne on
threads, and are very much reticulated. It
takeB a power of three to four hundred cUame-'
ters to show these well.
Last year I made measurement of these
spores, and also measured an average kernel
of wheat. I find that
About Thirty Quadrillions
Of these spores are in each wheat kernel, and
now as each spore is capable of filling a whole
wheat plant, you see that means of rpproduc'ion
are exceedingly good in this case Every wheat
plant seemed to be affected throughout. Wheat
grows in what we call "stools," first one stem
and soon little branches here and there so that
we will have four, five or six stems from one.,
kernel, each stem bearing a head of whe*t. In
most cases if you find one bead affected you
will find all the beads affected, which indicates
this: that these fundus growths affect all parts
of the plant; that if you wish to
Purify the Seed
You must apply the substances, or whatever
you do apply, to the seed itself. That is, in
treating certain wheat you must apply the rem-
edy there to the wheat sown. No doubt this
fungus disease begins when the plant is small.
The probability is that one spore is sufficient .
to infest a whole stool of wheat; and as each
stool of wheat has at least three heads, yoa see
there is immense reproductive power. In the
figure here shown (figure 4.); first, a head of
wheat, as it appears when affected; second, the
February 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
89
kernel of affected wheat, one of which is cut in
two, showing the blackened and da&ty interior;
third, Home of the spores highly magnified. In
this fungus plant botanists have found the fer-
tilization. This is interesting from the fact
that for most fungus plants no fertilization has
yet been discovered.
Without attempting a detailed explanation of
the method of fertilization in this species, I
will simply say that it is what is known as fer-
tilization by conjugation; and is almost identi-
cal with what tuflfl place in many of the sea-
weeds. The only point in the fertilization
which we need notice is, that during tho pro-
cess, successive erops of very minute spores
Are produced. These minute spores are un-
doubtedly the bodies which enter into the
Btomates of the plants, and so propagate the
species. These are exceedingly small and re-
quire a microscope of five or six hundred diam-
eters to find them. From it again grows an-
other Bmaller body that also has spores. This
shows that Fungals have
Genuine Fertilization,
Such as the higher plants, which results simply
from the union of two different cells. I will
treat of remedies hereafter.
In the fifth of these orders the Lycoperdaceo?;
we have one plant of some interest, the Lyco-
ptrdon, the puff ball. Here is a specimen
picked up alongside the walk coming from the
horse carB. After a while this would become
of the nature of a pulverulent substance. Under
the microscope you would find a great many
different little threads, and on these threads
you would find spores. I do not exactly know
what species this specimen is. Some species
of Lycoperdon are used for eaiing. There is
one that is culled Lycoperdon gigauteum — about
large as your head. This taken when per-
fectly white, sliced up like slicing a loaf of
bread, and fried, is said to be exceedingly good.
The caution in eating Lycoperdon, is never to
eat it when it is in color. It is also used occa-
sionally
For Staunching Blood
When a wound has been made. When a little
of that is put in a wound, it staunches it very
easily. I suppose that even a poisonous one
would be good for staunching blood. Taking
Agarkcaoio?, we have Agaricus. I show here
the common one which is eaten, Agaricus cam-
ptstris. The ring, which is found passing
around it, is the remains of a covering that was
once over it. Taking a gill, making a cross-
section — a difficult thing to do, of course — and
placing it under a mieroscope of high power,
you will observe projections, which are
simply longer and larger cells growing
at right angles to the general surface.
These cells bear upon their extremities
four minute spores. So if you want to get
the spores of these at any time, take a plant
and lay it upon a sheet of white paper. The
dust will be of the color of the spores — black,
pink, white, purple, etc. The spores give the
color to the gills. The species Agaricus are
very general, there being maDy hundred species
of them. You will find, usually, rules given
as to the poisonous and nnpoisonous kinds.
These rules, I find, are of almost no use what-
ever, if they are based upon color. Very many
times people choose pink-colored ones, but this
will not do to rely upon implicitly. One kind
of Agaricus, which is eaten in England and in
Italy, is considered so poisonous as to be unfit
for food ; so you may be quite certain that there
is nothing in those rules, and that you cannot
place any dependence at all upon color. From
a very careful examination, I am very certain
that instead of any species being always poison-
ous or nnpoisonous, its quality in this respect
will depend very much upon surrounding cir-
cumstances; all of which have not yet been
fully made out. These facts will show you that
there is no dependence to be placed upon a
certain species.
One more, the Polyporus, having a name in-
dicating its character. In many of these upon
the underside, instead of gills there are
myriads of little holes. The spores are borne
in just the same way as the Agaricus, but
these spores are reflected back into little
cavities instead of being distributed over the
surface of the gills. Most of them have a one
sided form, instead of being equal. Here in
the middle of the stalk is one sided, so that
they are more or less ear shaped. Many times
you will find them growing upon the side of a
log, a Bort of foreign growth. They have
brown and white underside. Now the Polyporus
is one of the greatest enemies that the engineer
has to do with, or that any one who is putting
np timbers has to encounter, because it s«-nds
myctrlium through the wood, growing almost
always on wood. Of course the mycelium is
nourished by the wood. It is breaking down the
tissues constantly, and brings about what we
call rot. The railroad ties are probably thus
injured. Instead of the decay being due to
ordinary causes, it is due to the presence of
Polyporus mycelium. Occasionally, if the
timber is not in very damp soil, it decays with
dry rot. Then you break the timber open and
you will find mycelium. I have brought a
specimen here to show you about what myce-
lium looks like. One or two other allied
genera having the same characteristics, also
produce the rot.
The fungus plants seem to possess a poison-
ous alkaline principle. Probably this principle
is more due to some substance upon which the
plants grow, differences in climate, dryness aud
all that, than to anything especially belonging
to them. Now, as to certain rules which will
make it safe to nse them. First,
Never Eat any Bad Smelling Species-
Here smell is a good guide. By the way,
that is a good guide, even for the Uampestris.
Second, they must always be perfectly sound.
Now, this will require a knowledge of the spo-
Fhj. II.
all. I do not know what that would indicate
at all. I do not know anything, about the
plants, that would make it a good test." Stu-
dent—"It is nearly always used, especially
among the French people." Professor— "It
Fig. 111.
TJstilago Segetum.— Head of Wheat, natural Bize.
cies. Third, they must be perfectly white. In
this they must not have begun their decaying
state at all. Fourth, in cooking they must
always be sufficiently cooked to make them
tender. If they are tough, they are not eatable.
Ustilag'O Maydis— Blasted Indian Corn.
may have reference to the soundness of the
spores. If the development is beginning to
rot, possibly the spoon would be darkened,
simply by the dark-colored spores." Then, as
a note after these rules, it must be remembered
Fig. IV.
Tilletia Caries— Head of Wheat affected with Burnt or Stinking Smut.
Fifth, as they are a sort of concentrated
food they must always be eaten with modera-
tion. They take the place, very largely, of the
muscular parts of animals, in supplying nu-
Fig. V.
Agaricus Campestris— Edible Mushroom.
tritive qualities, much more than does the or-
dinary use of vegetab'es.
A student a«ks, "What is that silver spoon
^est?" Professor — "I do not know of that at
that some people can not eat them with safety.
There are some peculiarities of constitution
that will not admit of their use, and what that
is may be difficult to describe, so that each man
must be an experimenter in this for himself.
The gist of theBe rules may be put down aB
this: That you must
Go at them very Carefully.
If you are very cautious, I do not see why
you may not bw able to use them. I would
say, however, it will hardly pay you to try the
dark-colored ones. They seem to putrify so
soon it will baid y repay your trouble.
The fungus plants, with a few exceptions, are
of little account mi diciually. In Northern
Asia, one species is used very largely iu pro-
cuting intoxica. ing drink. Another, in certain
parts of Europe, i* mixed with pepper and
mnde into a certain soit of snuff. There are
certain other species which hive a brilliant
color, from which is extracted a dye. In part-
of Germany, some mycelium of the Polyporus
is collected, poui d< d up and used as a tinder,
usually mixed with shI peire or something like
that. Anoiher speci s, uhually grow in thick
feity masses, and this felt is u-ed as materinl
for clothing, so in it we actually have the fun-
gus plants furnishing clothing.
Fly poison is manufactured from another
species of Agaricus.
This green color, which is frequently found
in oak wood (in cutting up an old log of wood
you will frequently find a green color),
is due to mycelium. This plant departs from
the usual law of the fungus plants. This green
is a sort of metallic green. In certain parts of
Africa, the natives have such high regard for
these plants that one is deified and
Worshipped as a God.
Phosphorescence on decaying wood is simply
the rapid decay brought about by the presence
of a great amount of mycelium. Blood red
drops, which frequently have been referred to
rains of blood, must be referred entirely to the
presence of minute fungus growths.
A few years ago, the bakers in Paris were as-
tonished because the bread was found very
frequently to be covered over with
Blood Red Drops.
The people were somewhat superstitious, and
it caused a great deal of alarm. Careful inves-
tigation showed it to be simply a fungus
growth. Cutaneous diseases have sometimes
been induced by rubbing the spores of some
of this species upon the skin. These, as yon
observe, are simply disjointed factB.
Dry Rot
May be very easily prevented by using gas tar,
corrosive sublimate and sulphate of copper; or
any of the processes, of course, which keep out
these spores. Painting, when well done, and
oiling, would serve equally as well as long as
it lasts.
Botanists have a great many times called at-
tention to the fact that the same species of tree
will not grow well where it has been cut down.
The remark has been frequently made that
hard wood requires to be replaced by soft wood
and these again by hard wood. The explana-
tion is probably duo to this: That the mycel-
ium which destroyed the roots and prevented
their growth, will attack the more recent
growth. Perhaps it will better explain the fact
to state that if any of the orchard trees — for
instance an apple tree — is killed in the same
way, it is quite difficult to start a young apple
tree in the same place; because the same mycel-
ium which destroyed the old, will attack the
young apple tree roots, and, of course, destroy
the tree. I suppose the species whioh does the
mischief belongs to this group, the Polyporus.
The mildews and blights which are found
upon the leaves of plants may be treated with
sublimated sulphur. We do not know just how
this is; for sulphur is largely insoluble; yet sim-
ply Bprinkling it over very soon destroys this
fungus growth, and the plant will be saved; or,
if any of the soluble forms of sulphur are
used you will find, in almost all cases, good
will result. So, of course, sulphate of copper
or any of the sulphates are good.
For bunt or smut (Tilldia caries) in wheat
the Beed should be washed in water,
brine or hot lime water. A more certain remedy
is to Bteep the seed in a strong solution of sul-
phate of soda (glauber Baits) and then to dust
it with quick lime. Sulphate of copper (blue
stone) dissolved in water and sprinkled over
the seed, is another remedy relied upon by
farmers.
In general moulds and mildews — all these
small growths here — do not flourish well in dry
places. If you have a place that is affected
simply dry it, let sunlight into it, aud they will
very largely disappear, either mould or mildew.
Really there is no need of any of these being
found in any of our houses.
The Rain Fall.
"We give below a report of the rain fall to
date from all the localities in the State, from
which we have thus far been able to obtain the
same. We shall add to this list reports from
other localities as they may come to hand :
Our Rain Gauge.
Name of Place. Latest Report, Total.
San Francieco For the Season 16.18
Davieville (Yolo)... " " '* 10.57
SanRafael " " " 36.26
SantaCruz " " " 16.09
GUroy " " " 17.90
Colusa " " " 8.76
Napa City " " " 19,23
Grass Valley Jan. 24 to Jan., 25 6.60 12.08
Yreka For the Season 9.14
LoBAngeles ' 21.18
Santa Barbara " " " 13.44
Monterey " " " 8.40
Woodland " " " 10.67
NevadaCity 36.56
Lakeport " " " 14.6s
Los Banos (Merced) " " '* 3.42
Cherry Station1 " " " " 12.0o
Mare Island " " " 11.44
Deferred.-- As we desire to publish in full
the lecture delivered by Dr. Becker last Satur-
day at the Mechanics' Institute on "Quicksil-
ver ahd Fuel," we are obliged to defer its pub-
lication until our next issue.
Coal rebate in Virginia at present, at from
$22 50 to $28 per ton. Wood retails ns follows:
Nut pine, $1(3;" limb w>od, $15; tamarack, $15;
Carson split wood, $14; Empire split wood,
$12; stove wood $6 to $8 per cord.
The recent rains are reported to have dam-
aged the ditcher and reservoirs of the California
Water companv in El Dorado county, to the ex-
tent of over $30,000, one large reservoir cost-
ing $25,000 being entirely swept away.
There are thirteen furnaces for smelting
quicksilver ore, running or nearly ready for
work, in Sonoma County.
Quartz mines in this sectiou, says the Placer
Herald, are all running full forces with favor
able results.
90
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 6, 1875.
THE TEXT BOOK MATTER.
A Statement by the Publishers ot the Pa-
cific Coast Series of Readers.
Many incorrect statements having been made with
reference to the changes in text books, recentlyordered
by the State Board of Education, we deBire to submit to
the public the following facts:
On June 22, 1874, the State Board of Education ad-
vertised for proposals for new text books, said propo-
BalB to he in by January 5, 1875.
In response to this advertisement, twelve Eastern
houses and one California house came forward with
proposals and samples.
Of all the changes proposed by these several compet-
itors, the Board made but three, viz:
First— The Pacific Coast Readers were adopted in
place of McGuffey's.
Second— The Spencerian Penmanship was adopted in
place of the Payson, Dunton & Scribner Series.
Third— Cornell's Geographies were adopted in place
of Monteith's.
These changes were made by the following vote:
Readers— Ayes— Allen, Denman, Kelly, Kennedy,
Lynch. Noes— Bolander, Booth, Crawford, McMeans.
Penmanship. — Ayes — Allen, Bolander, Crawford,
Kelly, Lynch, McMeans. Noes— Booth, Dennison.
Geographies— Ayes— Allen, Bolander, Booth, Kelly,
Kennedy; Lynch, McMeans. Noes— Crawford, Den-
man.
We give below copies of the proposals for Readers
and Geographies, that the public may see what pub-
lishers have dealt generously with them, and what
members of the State Board have kept most Bteadily in
view a consistent regard for the interests of the people
and of the schools.
We make no mention of the PenmaDship, as a grad-
ual change in copy books is evidently attended with no
expense.
The publishers of the Pacific Coast Readers submit-
ted the following proposals:
San Feasctbco, January 5th, 1875.
To the Honorable the State Board of Education of the
State of California:— Gentlemen: In accordance witu
the resolution passed by your honorable Board on June
22, 1874, we submit the following proposal:
First— We will supply the Pacific series of Readers at
the following prices, viz: First Reader, 20 cents; Sec-
ond Reader, 35 cents; Third Reader, 55 cents; Fourth
Reader, 60 cents; Fifth Reader, $1. These retail prices
Bhall hold good in San Francisco for the whole four
years for which the books are adopted, and to enable
dealers throughout the State to sell at the same figures,
we will give them a reasonable discount from the
prices herein named.
Second— We will also give our books in even exchange
for McGuffey's, as follows: Pacific Coast First Reader
for McGuffey's First Reader; Pacific Coast Second
Reader for McGuffey's Second Reader; Pacific Coast
Third Reader for McGuffey's Third Reader; Pacific
Coast Fourth Reader for McGuffey's Fourth Reader;
Pacific Coast Fifth Reader for McGuffey's Fifth. Books
Bent for exchange to be in sufficiently good condition
for continued nee in school and accompanied by a cer-
tificate from the teacher or other school officer that the
book offered for exchange is the property of a pupil
and designed for use in school by said pupil. In or-
der to secure the full benefit to the people throughout
the State and avoid all expense of a change, we agree
to establish one or more depots of supply in each
county, to which we will send the hooks at our own
expense, till such time as the use of the books become
mandatory under the action of your Board; and we
further agree to make such even exchanges at our place
of business for and during the whole four years covered
by their adoption.
Third — We guarantee that the stock supplied shall
be in all respects as good ds th6 samples presented,
and we agree to replace at our own expense, during the
entire four years any book sent to us which has come
to pieces thxough defect in binding, or which is defec-
tive in arrangement of signature, or in any other re-
spect in which we, as manufacturers, are properly re-
sponsible.
Fourth — We hereby agree that the press work and
binding of our books shall be done within the State of
California for and during the whole four years covered
by this adoption.
(Signed) A. L. Bancboft & Co.
Sacbamento, January 5, 1375.
At a reasonable discount we hereby agree to give to
the trade throughout the State a discount of
not less than 20 per cent, from the prices named here-
in, and an additional discount of 10 per cent, to the
wholesalers.
(Signed) A. L. Bancroft & Co.,
Per Dorville Libbey, Attorney.
The proposal for Cornell's Geographies were as fol-
lows:
Cornell's Primary at 75 cents; Intermediate, $1.25;
Physical, $1.48. Discount to th« trade same as in case
of Readers. Agencies to be established at San Fran-
cisco, Sacramento, San Jose, Stockton, Oakland and
Santa Rosa. Introductory exchange as follows: Cor-
nell's Primary, for Monteith's Introduction and 45
cents; Cornell's Physical, for Monteith's Physical and
90 cents.
By comparing these proposals it will be seen that the
Readers will be supplied to The people in exchange for
McGuffey's, absolutely without expense, while for the
Geographien (always the most expensive of common
school text-books} the pupils must pay 45 and 90 cents,
respectively, besides giving up their Monteith's Geog-
raphies. Indeed, the publishers of Cornell were pre-
vented by the Eastern Publishers' Board of Trade, of
which they are members, from offering more liberal
terms on their books, even if they desired to do so.
We do not make these comparisons particularly as
against the adopvion of Cornell's Geographies, for
which we presume tbe Board of Education had the
best of reasons. We desire merely to show the injus-
tice of the criticisms upon the Board for the adoption
of our Readers, while the change of Geographies re-
mains unchallenged.
The very parties who now seek to put themselves
forward as guardians of the public interest, and against
a home industry which costs tliu people nothing, and
for a change in Geographies, made iu New York, which
will be a tux upon every pupil in the State.
A careful analysis of our proposition will show:
First— That the prices of our Readers are 15 cents per
set less than the prices at which McGuffey's were
adopted four years ago, and at which they have been
sold up to the present time.
Second— That we agree to give our hooks for Mc-
Guffey's old ones, without expense to the pupil, and
that we will organize distributing agencies and give
every facility for such exchanges during the whole
four years.
Assuming the cost of the readers now in the hands of
the pupilB at $4' ,000 (not $250,000 as frequently
quoted), and assuming that the Block iswirth one-
third let* now from use and wear, we have over $13,000
actual gain to the pupils by the exchange of theojd
books for the new.
Third— That we agree to replace, at our own expense,
any of our books defective in manufacture, a guaranty
never given in this market by any Eastern House.
Fourth— That the bcoks shall be manufactured with-
in our own State during the entire jperiodcovered by
their adoption.
Fifth— That we make the same terms to the trade as
all tbe Eastern houses.
We leave the public to judge whether a proposition
so liberal for an important home industry deserves the
violent and malicious attacks which have been made
against ua, incited by parties whose private interests
were ignored by the Board of Education in favor of the
interests of the people.
As to the merits of the Pacific Coast Readers, we ask
the public to consider the following endorsements:
First— The County Superintendents of California.
We sent a circular and a set of Readers to all the
County Superintendents, asking for their "opinion of
the book and our enterprise." We received in all 38
replies; 37 of them indorsing our books very heartily,
and one indorsing McGuffey's in preference to ours.
Of the 37 indorsing our Readers, 14 distinctly ask for
a change from McGuffey's to the Pacific Coast Series;
and the remaining 24 either remain silent about a
change or object solely on the -ground of expense, or
declare that a change will be desirable if it can he
brought about without expense.
The originals of these letters are all on file in our
place of business.and we shall be glad to have any one
call and examine them and verify this statement.
The assertion was made at the meeting by Superin-
tendent Bolander that "Thirty-four of the forty-seven
County Superintendents had sent in a remonstrance
against a change.
It is noteworthy that he did not name them or offer
to produce the documents, and, in view of tbe facts,
we can only suppose that he accidentally said "against"
instead of "for."
Second — Our books are indorsed by leading teachers
throughout the State. Their indorsements were sub-
mitted to the Board, and can now be seen at our place
of business.
Besides these, we presented to the Board another
class of indorsements, bearing upon our enterprise as
a home industry , viz:
First— From the State Grange of the Patrons of Hus-
bandry, unanimously and enthusiastically adopted at
theirmeetingin October, 1874.
Second — From a large number of local Granges.
Third- -From the Mechanics' State Council.
Fourth — From leading and representative business
men of San Francisco.
This document will be given in full to the public,
to show what leading citizens think of our enter-
prise.
Against all thiB array of favorable opinion we have, so
far as we know, the opinion of but one educational
man, viz: Superintendent Bolander, who enters his.
"solemn protest" against the Pacific Coast Readers as
"inferior in contents, pressworkubinding," and, indeed,
in every particular.
After an eager and microscopic search for errors to
justify his opposition to the books, Superintendent Bo-
landerj in the meeting of the Board made a few remarks
which the Governor and his fellow members unani-
mously pronounced "hypercritical" and "unworthy of
consideration."
On the other hand, so far as we know, not one in-
dorsement of McGuffey's Readers were read or referred
to in the meeting.
The public will surely remember how severely Mc-
Guffey's Readers were criticised at the time of their
adoption four years ago, and later, in the interests of
Mr. Bolander, in the election of 1871. At that time
they were "relics of ignorance," "superannuated rub-
bish," "compilations of disloyalty," "pup and piety,"
and evrything elBe that could be said derogatory to
tbem.
The books have not been changed in a single word
since then; public opinion is just as it was then; and
yet now, strange as it may seem, we find Superintendent
Bolander their special advocate; and that, too, against
a better series, made at home, and offered at terms un-
precedentedly favorable.
In conclusion we have only to say that we know that
we are engaged in a legitimate and commendable busi-
ness, of great importance to the State; that we have
made excellent bookB, fully worthy of use in our
schools; that they have been fairly and legally adopted
by a competent Board of Education; that no expense
whatever is caused by their introduction; and we ap-
peal to the sober second thought and the disinterested
common sense of the people for our justification.
A. L. Banoboft & Co. Publishers.
ou&ijiess hifectory.
GILES 8. GHAT. JJ.MKS m. MAVKH.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
1'orniaano Leidesdorff streets,
RAN FRANmS^O.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street.
. W. corner Sacramento.
tVi i instruments made, repaired and adjusted
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
J STEEL_PENS.
Sold by all DealerB throughout the World.
WM. BARTL1HO. HENRY KIMBALL.
BARTLING- & KIMBALL,
KOOiKBIlViDEIfcS,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers
SOS Clay »treet, (southwest cor. Sansome),
tSv!2-Sm 8 AN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge 3
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
NISIROD BAULBIB.
BICHAItD O. HANSON
ErOHAED G. HiHSOM & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
IMFOBTEB9 OF ALI. KINDS OF
Patent Bashings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION HOLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMTS,
Lignum "Vitro for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET.
Near Market,
SAM FBAtf CISCO
pipiiig (iiacliipenr.
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting-, Desulphurizing:, Chloridizing'
and Oxidizing* Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
use. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent -'Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilerB at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for dryiDg ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining and Sodsnxifio Pbess, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars address
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Oh io
Circulars, &c, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QXJAK-'JTZ; MCIX.1L.S,
Made by onr improved pro-
•ess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
which are
unequalled
for
Strength,
Durability,
Economy
"Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and general Mining Machinery in _all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promply filled.
MOEEY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination Bolicited. 9v28-ly
EAGLE IMPROVED CHL0RINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1873.)
The Cheapest and Most effective Furnace n.nv in use
Parties desirous of building above furnace, or for any
information on same, address,
I. T. MXLLIKEN,
a31 No. 302 Montgomery St., room No. 14, S. F.
Stamp Mill For Sale at Ophir Canon,
Nye County, Nevada. Midway between Austin and
Belmont, belonging to the Twin Biver Consolidated
Mining Co. A complete mill, comprising; twenty (20)
800ft stamps, (dry-crush in w.) with Rock Breaker. Pans,
Meniere, and entire outfit of milling appliances;
together with an excellent engine (13x42), two tubular
boilers and all requisite shafting, gearing, belting, &c;
vaaluable lot~ of Sierra Nevada timber in Battery
1 rallies and building. The whole is offered cheap. For
further information apiilv to JAS. D. HAG-XTE,
17v28-3m 240 Montgomery St., S. F
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes — from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
J. HENDT, No. 32 Fremont Street. jan2- bp-tf
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Has an iron
frame, live steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike U.Oi 0 blows per minute, m a morlar provided
with seretns on both sides, and crushes fine G00 IbB. per
dour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE, $000.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf
315 California street. Ban Francisco.
ffletalllifgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMP0RTEK8 OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FRANCISCO
We wonld call the special attention of Aesayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to onr large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND —
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies sine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
it3f~ Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR & 00.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
Tltese Machines Stand Unrivaltd.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared -
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them issufflcient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows;
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it iB thrown to the periphery into tho quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passeB down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated, "
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfeotly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-menare invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francisc*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HUHN,
C. A. iLTJCKHARDT,
Mining- Engineers and Metallurgists-
RODG-ERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMJMIHJrflON MEBC11ANTH,
A.Ht'A.fiOW B&AliR
*>i*all tint! a of Ores, »nd iiartlcular uttetitloa
(IVKDIUKiU KSTH OP «WOJS.
4vl«-3ra
LEOPOLD , KUH,
(Formerly of the TJ. S. Branch Mint, B. F.)
Assayer and BXetallnK-<yica,l
CHEMIST,
No. fill Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U. S. Branch Mint
San FHANOiaro Oax. 7v2?-fn-
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and AsBayers, Rooms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Analysis of
BETTER THAN MINING STOCK.
A valuable Patent for sale. No objection to taking
real estate in part payment. Residence, Washington
street on the leTee. P.O., Sacramento.
O. A. DAVIS.
February 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
91
Machinery.
Pacific Machinery Depot.
H. P. GREGORY,
Km pins Warehouse. Beat »L near Market. S F.
Bole A«ent for Paoino Oo« t for J. A. Vay &. Uo'b Wood-
worLini,' Machinnry, Hlaks't Pa-em Steam Pumps.
TMlto O01 1 r.m.-rv Wheels ami Machiiierv, Pitch.
bur* Maoliin.- L'o'a Mttctii.iif.ls Touts, Edjon'a
Kccordini: S'.«iim Unat'e. Triumt'Hi Fire Kx-
tfnffaliSer. Also on hand and for Bale:
StnrU'rantA Rl-wor» and Exhaust Kiidb. John A. Rocb-
linaSunB Wire Ruba, Pari? Oak Tanned Leulhor
IJHtinB Perln'a French Band Saw Blades,
Planer Knives, Nathan A. Ureyfui Glass
Ollen, and Mill and Mininc Supplies
of all kind*. P. Q. »0x IBS.
BALL>i
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has been very lately well proven by per-
forming a job of dredging: at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
There is but this one machine that haB ever had these
Improvements employed. It is an old machine, for-
merly built for another dovice, and in unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet this first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of eighty-
five cubic yards In sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation (supported "by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references will be given on appli-
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a basis of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
is warranting the capacity of the machine by actual
work:
I will ontor into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and sell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
$2u,000, warranting the machine to dredge six cubic
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the cost of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask nol/iing for my patents unless my machine
dredges more than six cubic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in case (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than six cubic yards per
minute, then $10,000 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every such additional cubic yard
thus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is to be added to said price above stated.
I will sell any other Territorial or State rights (cither
TJnlied States or Foreigu) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with scows and all com-
plete, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $£0,000 on the same plan as above stated, but will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubic yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
Payments to be made in U. S. gold coii on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
Address,
JOHN A. BALL,
Oakland.
PACIFIC MACH'V DEPOT
GUARANTEED PURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
BELTING
HRGREGORY
:■'• SAN. FRANCISCO
PA C/F/C MA&HINEHY DEPOT
HPTGREGOmr
w SOLEAGElNT FOR 'THE " .
FIREMANS' FUND
IlSrSTTiR^ItTCDE COMP J^HT^ZT
OF CALIFORNIA.
Assets:
KKM. B8TATE (aDancambfired) s. w. cor. HaDsomo aud California Btreetct
LOINS ON BOND AND MORTGAGE, flrgt linuR
CNTEBE8T floe tnenon
do dm' mn! Monud dd atoota
UNITED STATES' REGISTERED BONDS, par valuo. $l:i8.WH>; market valuo
SAN n:\NclSCOCITY ANDCOt NTYdo 18,000 " "
CALIFORNIA STATE BONDS 1,000 •• " .._
BOOTH CAROLINA STATE BONDS 10,000 " '•
STOCKS, BANK OF CALIFOBNIA. aOOahaiOB 20,000 " "
do FIRST NATIONAL GOLD BANK, 100 shares. 10,000 " "
BILLS RECEIVABLE. Becnfttd by ■■olluterals, market value $88.600— loaned
CASH in Ci'Ripaiiy'K Principal Office
do deposited in Bunk of California
do do do do Satbcr & Co '
do do do do Laidlaw & Co., NewYork
do do do Union National Bank, Chicago
PREMIUMS in duo course of collection
NET HA LANCES In hands of Managers, Eastern and Western Departments, and in due course of
trans mission
BILLS RECEIVABLE, not matured, taken for Marine and Inland Risks
TAXES AND STREET ASSESSMENTS udvauced on Real Estate, secured by terms of original-
Mortgagee
RENTS due and accrued
OFFIOE FURNITURE
$ir,5.nu>
120.673
701
040
US.195
18,000
1,000
'J, ill III
20,800
11.7B0
00,000
6.S92
7.571
0,286
2.8)3
6,0111
23,131
26,749 00
22,239 76
3,073 10
250 00
5.001 12
Gross Assets $667,469 93
Liat>iliti*?s:
LOSSES due and unpaid— none.
do reported and in process of adjustment $31,870 01
do resisted 2,126 25 33,990 80
MARINE BILLS payable 1,784 00
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS 2,169 35
Total.
Net Assets. December 31, 1874 $629,529 72
COMPARATIVE. ~
NET ASSETS, December 31, 1873..
NET ASSETS, December 31, 1874.
$558,418 50
029,629 72
D. J. STAPLES, President.
ALPHEUS BDLL, Vice-President.
GEO. D. DORNIN, Secretaty.
WM. J. DUTTON, Assistant Secretary.
THE BIRMINGHAM SHOVEL.
These Shovels have No Rivets nor Straps.
The blade la made of one piece of BEST SOLDO OAST STEEL,
the blado and shank being one piece.
TBEY WILL WEAR TWICE AS LONG
As the ordinary shove T-hey are the STRONGEST, BEST and
CHEAPEST SHOVEL EVER MADE. Examine the engravings care-
fully and yon can see how they are made.
THEY NEED ONLY TO BE TRIED
To prove their value. B^"Prices same as ordinary shovels. Ask
for the BIRMINGHAM SHOVEL. Take no other.
TREABWELL & CO., Sole Agents lor Pacific States,
2v8-eow-bp San Francisco, Cal.
SAN 'FRANCISCO
i&lfffiiPBf SITUATION
/ •S-.y: :-x >-/ "V,
H. P. GREGORY,
Sole Agent for the Pacific Coast, Empire Warehous<
Beale street, near Market, San Francisco, Cal.
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIGHEST PREMIUM
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cisco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water supplied by
pipe A, regulated under the oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
C; it then becomes greasy steam, passes to all the
valveB and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glass
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rodn and stems lasts longer, and the ring's on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will laBt from three
to six days, according to speed and size of engine; I,
sliding gauge; K, valve to shut off when engine stopps;
H, F, valves to shut off in case of frost; steam does not
enterthecup; it is always cool; warrantedt give satis-
faction. Patented February 1&, 1871. Man .facturedby
California Brass WorkB, 126 First street, S F. 24v23
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extra Heavy and Improved Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO..
MaNUFACTUBEB.
LATHES, PLANERS. BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, 8. P.
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H P GREGORY
J SOLE AGENT
FITCHBURG MACHINE C°s
MACHINISTS'
SAN FRANCISCO
STURTEVANT
BLOWERS &
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H.P. GREGORY
SAN FRANCISCO
gteapi hpips,
PARKE & LACY,
310 California street, San Francisco
bd
a
o
W
W
h-3
hd
a
!z|
cp
IW
[fed
LtJ
a
THK SEL.DBN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, aud it is adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
— AI/>0—
STEAM, GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CARR PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
A.. O A. TcfR.,
10v28-ly
43 Courtland Street. New Tork
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals. Tinners' Goods, Tools and Machines;
HI accl 11 Oalilornia St., 17 and 19 Imvifl St,, San Fraii-
oiaoo, ami 178 J St., Sacramento. rar.-iy
92
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 6, 1875.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
Wo. 11.
Water Ditches.
The ditohes of California are the great arte-
ries which bring life to the mines. Their even
and constant flow Becures a healthy and vigor-
ous state of industry, while the dearth of water
in the mines throws a pall over the business
world of California, money becomes tight, and
hard times are the consequence.
The engineering skill displayed in the con-
struction of ditches in this State is of the high-
est character, accomplishing the most daring
feats, hanging flumes on steep, rocky blaffs,
and crossing gorges of a thousand feet in depth;
and it must seem almost a presumption to in-
quire whether any improvements can be sag-
Leaving the answer to this question open for
the time, we will try to state the roles and con-
ditions which justly have governed the con-
structions of ditches.
Location.
The first among them must be the ample sup-
ply of water during all seasons of the year.
When this steady flow can be secured, even at
a greater outlay of money, let it be done by all
means. The winter supply of water is well
enough, but the summer supply is far prefera-
ble, as the working of a hydraulic mine then has
the advantage of long days, mild weather, and
water made almost tepid under the rays of a
hot sun. The latter point is the most impor-
tant, as the quicksilver catches the gold far
more easilyjat a high temperature than in cold
weather. The yield of gold, therefore, increases
always in the summer season, other conditions
being equal.
The second oondition must be the high ele-
vation of the ditoh. A ditch of high elevation
commands a greater field of usefulness, as it
may supply mines for which it was not con-
structed, when the original mines are exhausted.
Besides this, the increased hydrostatic pressure
is always valuable.
The snow line should be avoided, if practica-
ble; but snow-sheds cau be constructed, though
in some regions this might involve a great ex-
penditure. Pine boughs, laid thickly aoross
sleepers from bank to bank, have been used
with goo'd effect, as the snow rests on them and
forms finally an aroh, supporting itself.
A third important point is to secure alt the
small water courses on the line of the diich in
such away that they can either empty into the
ditch or run over it, acoording as their water is
needed or not.
A fourth important condition is the abun-
dance of waste gates, and their location in pla-
ces where the discharge of water cannot wash
the ground below the ditch, so as to produce a
slide. This will permit the prompt drainage of
the ditch whenever a break makes it necessary.
Fifthly, the building of flumes should be
avoided so far as practicable, since they are liable
to- be destroyed by fire. When they have to be
built, care should be taken to char well the bot-
tom part of the supporting posts or sleepers, so
as to prevent the rot. The settling of flumes,
due to the decay of the bottom of the posts, or
the sleepers upon which they rest, causes a great
deal of annoyance.
Experience has shown in many cases that the
above mentioned rules deserve close attention
in choosing a route for a ditch, as the advanta-
ges or disadvantages pointed out can be
weighed carefully beforehand.
Construction.
The building of a ditoh can commence after
a careful survey has been made. A grade of
10 feet per mile (three-eights inch per rod)
ought to be established by the survey, as this
grade has proven itself the most convenient
for the conveyance of water, securing an excel-
lent flow, without endangering the banks of
the ditch. This, grade must be adhered to
strictly, and under no circumstances muBt it be
lessened at one point and increased at another,
since the flow of water, once checked by less
grade, 'cannot be regained by increasing the
grade at another point. The ditch in such a
case would have to be widened.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the last Annual Report of the U. S. Commissioner of
Mining Statistics.
Fobest Teee Seeds. — The gathering and sale
of forest tree sesds, is becoming quite a busi-
ness in California. Messrs. Stegman & Sons
of Tosemite valley, sell annually 200 pounds of
the seeds of the Big Tree, Sequoia Gigantea.
Each pound contains 120,000, so that the total
number of seeds planted every year may be es-
timated at nearly twenty millions. They go to
all parts of the world, and it seems that the or-
namental gardens of Europe and the Asiatic
states should soon have enough of them.
Lamp Chimneys.— The Titusville Courier
says : Two thousand Pittsburgh glass-blowers
are constantly employed in the manufacture of
lamp chimneys for the trade. These chimneys
are warranted to break' quicker by sudden
changes of temperature than any others turned
out elsewhere, and thus the trade is benefitted.
Judging from our personal experience we
should suppose that a large invoice of these
chimneys must have been received in Califor-
nia.
Industbial Savings. — The eleven savings
banks of this oity have now 60,658 depositors.
The total amount of their deposits is $55,021,
177; this is an average of nearly $900 to each
depositor. Their net earnings of this money
is at the rates of 8 to 9% per cent per annum.
There has been an increase of 4,947 in the
number of the depositors within six months,
and of $4,160,915 in the amount of deposits.
Novel Koad Vehicle.— Twenty-four small
two-wheeled vehicles have been constructed by
the Kimball Manufacturing Company for use
in China. They are to be drawn by Chinamen,
and will each comfortably accomodate one lazy
Caucasian.
Healdsbubg offers $10,000 for a supply of
water. This is a fine opportunity for enter-
prising capitalists.
A Pottebx is to be established at San Ber-
nardino. Superior clay for the puipose exists
there.
Industrial Items.
Industbial Impbovements at Mountain View
Station.— The San Jose Mercury, Jan. 30th
says: The people of Mountuiu Viaw Station are
happy now that Waikius & Co. have located
their foundry aud machine shop at that place.
Operations will commence at once. The stock-
holders are J. T. Watkius & Co., G. W. Smith,
J. Snyder, D. B. Beale, Castro & C .lderon, w!
H. Bubb, H. D. Mai got, J. Heaverty, and H.
McClea-y all men of means.
Ti.ere is talk of a flour mill being put up
here this summer. If so the company will run
a steamer from C. Guths lauding to San Fran-
cisco. It is only two miles from the Station to
deep water in the bay. Air. Guth is making pre-
parations for digging a canal to lrgh water.
The Bamboo. — Has anybody ever tried to
grow tue bamb.jo in this country? There are
about sixty varieties of thiB valuable tree, and
it wtuld S6' m tbat some of the more hardy
varieties might be made to grow in Cali-
fornia.
General News Items.
Sensible. — Carlyle has declined the Order of
the Grand Cross of Bath, which was offered
him. The Baronetcy tendered to Tennyson
has also been declined, to protect his honor.
Bismarck, it will be recollected, refused to re-
ceive his title of "Prince" unless it was coupled
with the name with which his fame had up to
that time been connected. The Emperor, after
some hesitation, acceded to his wishes.
Locked Out. — News comes from London
that 120,000 men are thrown out of employ-
ment in the dead of winter as the result of a
coal-miners' strike in South Wales. How
much better would it be for all governments to
follow the example of France in establishing
courts of arbitration for the settlement of labor
quarrels, by means of which, in ninety-five
cases in a hundred, there is a reconciliation
between the parties.
Pbotection to Settlebs. — Luttrell has, or
soon will introduce a bill for the protection of
settlers; providing that whenever any railroad
is granted permission by Congress to change its
location, all land originally granted to it shall
be forfeited and become subject to the home-
stead and pre-emption laws.
Singulab Disooveby. — Fourteen pounds of
mutilated bank bills, of various denominations,
representing over a million dollars, have been
discovered in a rag shop at 411 West Twenty-
ninth street, Washington. They are of various
denominations with large pieces cut out of the
oenter. No one seems to know anything of
their history.
A Scientific Hoax. — Several of our contem-
poraries have been hoaxed with a pretended
calculation, based upon observations of the late
transit of Venus which demonstrates that in
1,400 years the earth will fall into the sun and
of course be destroyed. The New York World
started the story.
Enooubaging the Cultivation of Fobest
Tbees. — Among the laws passed by the Idaho
Legislature is one to encourage the growth of
forest trees, which exempts the grower of five
acres or more of forest trees from taxation on
$100 of his property for each acre planted in
trees.
Califobnia Appbopbiations. — The Congres-
sional Committee on Appropriation will report
favorably oo the following appropriations: For
improvemt-nts in California harbors — Oakland,
$100,000; Sao Diego, $80,000; Sacramento
River, $25,000.
No Tbouble With Spain. — By dispatches
from Madrid, it is quite evident that no trouble
i* to be apprehended in settling the 'Virginius1
difficulty with Spain.
Eclipses. —There will be two eclipses of the
*uu this year. One, April 6th, not visible in
the United States; the other, September 29th,
visible east of the Mississippi.
Bandit Thbeats. — The people living in the
southern portion of Monterey county are afraid
of Chavez, and are arming themselves to be
ready for him should he make a raid among
them.
The saw mills in Inyo county have been
compelled to suspend operations, .on account
of the deep snow in the timber where they
procure their logs.
"The King" left San Francisco on Tuesday
last for his island home.
A Pboposed Hospital. — The Napa Seqister
states that the German Benevolent Society of
that city are contemplating the establishment
of a hospital in Napa valley. Convalescent
patients will employ themselves in weaving
baskets from the willows in the vicinity.
Floub Mill Destboyed. — The uncompleted
flour mill located in Putah canon, a short dis-
tance above Wolf skill, was washed away by the
late heavy rains. Not a vestige of the mill
remains. -
Agricultural Items.
The Haevest of Utah. — The quantity of
wheat harvested in Utah was 30 per cent, less
during 1874 than the previous year. Barley
was 10 per cent, less; oats, 7 per cent, less;
indian corn, 15 per cent, less; potatoes, 8 per
cent more; hay, 7% per cent. less. Dried
peaches, in consequence of an unusually large
crop, footed up nearly four times as much in
1874 and 1873. There was an increase of 50
per cent, in eggs, butter and poultry, and the
number of hoga, beeves and sheep raised was
considerably in excess of 1873.
Fish Cultuee. — The Plumas National says:
Henry Landt, of the Big Meadows, has several
men at work constructing a fishery, which he
designs making one of the most extensive oper-
ations of the kind on the coast. The Big
Spring, in the Meadows, is the basis of the
operations, and large ditches, now being dug,
are to lead the waters of several of the moun-
tain streams into the spring, giving the trout
an extensive range.
Alden Feuit Dbyeb in Sonoma. — The results
of the working of the Alden fruit drying enter-
prise, which was established last year at So-
noma, have proved very highly satisfactory;
so much so that the company contemplates en-
larging their works for the operations of the
coming season.
Salinas Eiveb Channel. — The Captain of
the steamer Salinas reports that the recent
rains have quite changed the channel at the
mouth of the river Salinas, and estimates that
it has been shifted at leaBt 1,000 yards from its
former position.
Goat Raising.— C. S. Abbott, Flint, Bixby &
Co., and B. Boswell have purchassd most of
the stock of the Guadaloupe Island Company,
and purpose going extensively into the business
of goat raising.
Lobs of Sheep. — Haggin & Tevis are report-
ed to have lost between 1,500 and 2,000 sheep
by the recent flood. The animals were grazing
on the Norris Ranch.
THE DR. BLY ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
166 Teliaiua Street,
COR. OF THIRD, BETWEEN HOWARD & FOLSOM.
Cboup Disarmed of Ira Tkhbobs. — The croup cough,
bo alarming to the ear and so dangerous to life, to
which children are subjected, may he immediately re-
lieved by administering a dose of Kale's Honey of Horc-
hound and Tar. When given to a child who seems to
be choking under the effects of a sposmatic and hushy
cough, the effect is electrical as many a mother will
testify. In fact there is no affection of the throat or
the lungs, short of the actual disorganization of the
tissues and membranes, which it will not cure.
Pike's TootlfAdie Drops — Cure in one minute.
METALS.
Wednesday m., Feb. 3, 1875.
American Pig Iron, 1* ton (d) 46 00
Scotch Pig Iron.^ton 42 00 ©46 00
White Pig, ^ ton @ 46 00
Oregon Pig.fi ton ... @ 46 00
Refined Bar, bad assortment, ^ lb . . . ®~ Q*
Refined Bar, good assortment,^ B> @ — 4
Boiler. No. 1 to 4 @ ~- b%
Plate, No. 5 to 9 @ — 5!*
Sheot, No. 10 to 13 @— b%
Sheet, No. 14 to 20 @— 5S
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 —08 *-
Horse Shoes, per keg 7 50
Nail Rod — 10
Norway Iron — 9
Rolled Iron — 6 r5)
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Miners, eto. @ — 4^J
OOPPEE-—
Braziers' — 31 @ — 32
Copper Tin'd — 45 @
O.Niel'ePat - 50 @
Sheathing,© lb @ — 24
Sheathing, Yellow (3 — 25
Sheathing, Old Yellow jS — 12J*
Composition Nulls — 24 to — —
Composition Bolts — 24 (5j
Tin Plates.—
Plates, Charcoal, IX ©box 13 00 ® 15 10
Plates, IO Charcoal 13 00 @ 14 50
Roofing Platen 12 50 @ 15 00
BancaTio, Slabs, $ lb — 32J#3) — 33
STEEL.— English OaBt, © lb — 20 (5) — 25
Anderson & Woods' American Cast. @ — ISH
Drill @— 16^
FlatBar —18 J) — 22
Plow Steel — 9 (of— 10
Zinc @ — 11
Zino. Sheet — ® — U%
Natlb— Assorted sizes 4 25 fa) 8 00
QUICKSILVER, per lb — — <& 1 55
LEATHER.
Wednesday m„ Feb. 3, 1876.
City Tanned Leather, © lb 26®2-j
Santa Crnz Leather, ft lb 26@22
Country Leather, ft lb 24Q28
Stockton Leather, ft lb 25®2f'
Jodot, 8 Kil., per doz $50 00® 54 1>0
Jodot. 11 to 13 Ktl..D»r doz 68 OOffii 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil.. per doz S2 00@94 00
Jodot, second choice. 11 to 16 Kil. © doz 57 00{a, 74 0
Oomellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00® 67 00
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 B3 00® 67 '»n
Cornelban F .-males. 14 to- 16 KH 71 nO® 76 50
Simon TJllmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00® 63 00
Simon Ullmu Fema>ea, 14 to 15, Kil 70 Oil® 72 '0
Simon Ullmo Females, lfi to 17, Kil 73 00 4 75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,ft doz fil 00® 63 "0
Simon, 20 Kil. ft doz 65 00® 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. ft doz 72 00(5) 74 00
Robert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00(a) 40 00
b'rench KipB, ft lb ^ 1 00a 1 15
California Kip, ft doz \ 40 00®] bv 10
French Sheep, all colors, ft doz 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Oalf for BackB, ft lb 100® 126
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, ft doz 9 0o<5) 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, ft doz 5 50<a 10 50
California Russett Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot Lees, ft pair 5 00« 5 25
Good French Oalf Boot Legs, ft pair 4 00® 4 7*
French Oalf Boot Legs, ft pair 4 00®
HarnesB Leather, ft lb 30® 37i*
Fair Bridle Leather, ft doz 48.00® 72 00
Skirting Leather, ft ft> 33® 37^
Welt Leather, ft doz 30 00a 50 00
Bnff Leather, ft foot 17®
Wax Side Leather. © foot 17®
Eastern W« Leather --®-
THE "ANATOMICAL LEG" WITH A UNIVERSAL
ankle motion; the above cut is its illustration. This
artificial leg approaches so much nearer an imitation
of the functions of nature than any other, that it stands
without a rival among all the inventions In artifficial
legs, old or new. (The very latest annouced new in-
ventions duly considered,)
AddresB MENZO SPRING,
166 Tehama street, S. F.;
Gv3Q-lam-bp-3m
Cal.
J. D. Yost, San Francisco. H. S. Okocker, Sacramento
H. S. CROCKER .& CO.,
IMPORTING STATIONERS
General Job Printers.
401 and 403 Sansome St., S. F.
PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO
Manufacture of Blank Books.
BANK AND INSURANCE WORK
A SPECIALTY.
23v8-3m.l6p
SANBOBN & BYRNES,
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
NONPAREIL OIL.
140 Degrees Fire Test, for Family Use
OWNERS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
attention is particularly called to this boautiful and
safe Illum-nattng Oil. Its use is urgently recom-
mended by the New York Fire Commissioners and In-
surance Companies. For pale to the trade in lots to
suit. A. HAYWARD, 22i California St.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and Bizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
de20 611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco.
WANTED— By a graduate of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, who has had practical experi-
ence, the situation of Chemist or Assayer. or a position^
as Assistant in a Mine or Smelting Works References
given if required. Address, 0. E. STAFf ORD,
Tolt-do, Ohio.
Santa Rosa, Sonoma Co., Cal., Jan. 27, 1876.
Messrs. Dewey & Co.— Sirs: My Patent is at hand,
the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged. Accept
my thanks for your energy and promptness in the
premises. Yours, etc., Q, C. TEBBS.
February 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
93
FRANCIS SMITH & CO..
UASTFACTUREBS OP
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Having the Latest Improve*! Machinery. w" c»n make
It an object to
Mining & Water Companies
■WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SIIKET-IRON FIFE.
Ail Sizes Hade and all Work Guaranteed.
I.'IO Woal© Street,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Averill Chemical Paint,
MASUTAOTUaED BS THX
Onl. Chemical Paint Co-
pure WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY FOR
APPLICATION— requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not spoil by ntandiug any length of time.
It H Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces a more Beautiful Finish than the best of any
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and will
laHt twice as long as any other Paint.
Id ordoring White, state whether for Outside or In-
aldouse, as we manufacture an Inside White (either
FlatorGlosB) for inside use, which will not turn yel-
low, and produces a finish equal to the finest China
Gloss.
Put up in U. H, 1.2 and 5 gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price List, or apply to the manufactory and office,
Cor. 4th and Townsend streets, S- F.
TYLER BEACH, H. C. JEWELL,
President. Secretary.
Svfl-eow-bp-ly
Ay
backing and financial.
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
(Corrected Wockly by Oharlkb SOTRo A Co.]
Bah Vubjoboo, Thubssat, Feb. *. ISA
Laul TZHDEBJ m 8, V„ 11a. v., STH to9BJ{.
Gold Bah-, B80. -Jii.yiu Bail-*. a1* per cont discount.
BlGHAWOl On N- V.. ■-.- l"*r Milt. |-reniium for Kuld;
Mexican Dollars, 1'-. ttnd 2 p«-r cent, di«oount,
Oarrenoy, ISM perci at. "11 London— fiuricoTB, w.^; Com-
un.relf»l, M». r.iriH. 3 1 ratio* per dollar.
London— Coon.- ; Uomlti, 90«,; Liverpool
I. toft 9d.<3)10«: Ciab9s. 9d. ; iiK 3d.
gi iiKsn.vKH in B. v., by the funk, pes lb, $\.bf>
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
French Mutual Provident Savings and
Loan Society— Thirtieth S«iui-Annnal Divid.-ud-A div-
idend of eight 4-10 per cent, per annum (net 8 4-1U per
cent.) has, in conformity with the report of the Com-
mittee of Wrifkation appointed by the members of the
Society, been declared at the uuuual meeting, held on
the l.ith Instant. This dividend will be payable on
and alter the 18th instant, at the office of the Society,
411 Bush street. GUSTAVE MAHE,
Director Frtneh Savings Bank,
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Hibernia Savings and Loan Soci-
ety.— At a meeting held on tne 27th of January the
Board of Directors of this Society declared a dividend at
the rate of eight per cent per annum for the six Months
ndiug with the 21st instant, payable immediately and
free from the Federal tax. EDW. MARTIN, Sec'y.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
California Savings and Loan Society,
512 California Street, Sun Francisco, have declared a
dividend of nine and six-tenths (9 6-10) per cent, per
annum on Term Deposit* and eight (8) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the half year ending
31st December, 1874, free from Federal Tax, and paya-
ble on and after Wednesday, 6th January, 1875. By
order,
3-v291m D. B. CHISHOLM, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
San Francisco Savings Union, 532
California Street, Cor. Webb, for the half year ending
with December 31st, 1874, a dividend has been declared
at the rate of nine (9) per cent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (73$) per cent, on Or-
dinary Deposits, free of Federal Tax, payable on and
after January 13th,'1875. By order,
3-v29-lm LOVELL WHITE, Cashier.
er's Sarsaparilla,
FOR PURIFYING THE BLOOD.
This compound of the
vegetable alteratives, Sarsa-
' parilla, Dock, Stillingia and
' Mandrake with the Iodides
■ of Potassium and Iron
; makes a most effectual enre
: of a series of complaints
which are very prevalent
and afflicting. It purifies
the blood, purges out the
lurking humors in the system, that undermine health
and settle into troublesome disorders. Eruptions of
the skin are the appearance on the surface of humors
that should be expelled from tbo blood. Internal de-
rangements are the determination of these same humors
to some internal organ, or organs, whose action they
derange, and whose substance they disease and destroy.
Ayee'b Sahsapabuxa expela these humors from the
blood. When they are gone, the disorders they produce
disappear, Buch as Ulcerations of the Liver, Stomach,
Kidneys, Lungs, Eruptions and Eruptive Diseases of the
Skin, St. Anthony's Fire, Rose or Erysipelas, Pimples,
Pustules, Blotches, Boils, Tumors, Tetter and Salt
Rheum, Scald Head, Ringworm, Ulcers and Sores,
Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Pain in the Bones, Side and
Heaa, Female Weakness, Sterility, Leucorrbroa Drising
from internal ulceration and uterine disease, Dropsy,
Dyspepsia, Emaciation and General Debility. "With
their departure health returns.
PEEPABED BY
DR. J. C. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
i»y Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE* & BRIGVHAM, Wholesale Agents
SAN FKANOISCO. jyll-Ba
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Bank of the Western Savings and
TruBt Co., San Francisco, Jan. 4th, 1875. Depositors'
Dividend — The Directors of this Corporation have this
day declared the semi-annual dividend, at the rate of
en (10) per cent, per annum on Term Deposits and
ight (81 per cent, on Ordinary Deposits, payable on
e ud after January 10th, 1876, at the office of the Bank
northeaBt corner of Post and Kearny streets.
F. CLAY,
Vice-President and Cashier.
H. J. BOOTH, President. 3-v9-lm
lining and other Companies.
1876
»93 75
1875
9i) 75
600
25 00
600
35 0U
60u
16 00
376
18 75
750
37 60
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company-
Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cIhco, California. Location of works, Central Hill,
Calaveras County, California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, (No. 2,)
levied on the 7th day of December, 1874, the several
amonnts sot opposite the names of the reBpectivo
(shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount
W H Knight, trustee 9
WH Knight, trustee 01
C H Stover 15
C H Btover ir.
CH Stover 14
CH Stover 17
GREckley 8
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 7th day of December,
1874, to many shares of each parcel of Buch stock aR
may be naceasary will be sold at public auction at the
ofllce of the Company, 321 Battery sheet, San Francisco
CiiL, on Monday, the twenty-filth day of January. 1876,
at 13 o'clock, m, to pay delinquent assessment, together
with tusts of advertising and expenses of sale.
ABRAM SHEAR, Secretary.
Office, 321 Battery street, San Francisco, California,
(office- of U. B. Internal Revenue Collector.)
POSTPONEMENT.— By order of the Board of Direc-
tors of the Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company, the
above advertised salo is postponed to Tuesday, February
^3d, 1875, at 12 o'clock M.. and will take place at the
office of the Secretary, No. 321 Battery street.
i30-4t Bv order, ABRAM SHEAR, Secretarv.
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca-
tioo of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal-
fornia. Location of works, So Quel, Santa Cruz County,
California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 'J6tn day of January, 1875, an as-
sessment of Five Dollars per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, pavable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company. 314 California Btreet, San Francisco, Cal.
Any etuck upon which this assessment sball remain un-
paid on the 1st day of March, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless
payment is made before, will be sold on the 22d day of
March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS bKANC'ONI, Secretary.
Office, No. 314 California street. San Francisco. Cal.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Location of principal place of business. San
Francisco, California. Location of works, Nashville, El
Dorado county, California.
;y, Cantor
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Directors,
the Uili day of .lanuary, 187-1. an assessment of
held
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Savings and Loan Society, 619 Clay
Street. The Board of Directors have declared a divi-
dend for the six months ending December 31,1874, of
Nine per cent, per annum on all deposits free of Fed-
eral tax, and payable on and after January 15, 1875.
By order CYRUS W. CARMANY, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Masonic Savings and Loan Bank, No. 6
Post street. Masonic Temple, San Francisco. At a meet-
ing of the Board of Directors of this Bank, held Janu-
ary 18th, 1875, a dividend was declared at the rate of
nine and one-half (93*;) percent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (7!<s) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the semi-annual
term ending January 2lBt, 1875, payable on and after
January 28th, 1875, free of all taxeB.
H. T. GRAVES, Secretary.
( .~ ■ I one dollar per share was levied upon the capital stock
of the corporation, payable immediately, in United States
gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the company,
408 California street, room 16, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the sixteenth day of February, 187ft, will be delin-
quent and advertised for sale at public auction, and un-
less payment is made before, will be sold on Friday, the
Gth day of Miroh, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
street, San Francisco,
Confidence Mining Company — Location
of principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location of works, Tuolumne County, State of Califor-
nia.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the sixteenth day ol January, 18.5, an
assessment of thirty (30) cents per share was levied upon
the cardial stock of the corporation, payable immediately
In United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company, 210 Battery street, San Francisco, Califor-
nia.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Tnestlay, the twenty-third day of February, A. D.,
1875, will be delinquent, and advertised for sale at public
auction, and unless payment is made before, will be sold
on Wednesday, the seventeenth day of March. 1875, to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale.
W. S. ANDERSON, Secretary.
Offic o, '210 Battery street, San Francisco, ral.
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
J. W. Wesson 257 175 8 75
J. W. Wesson 313 125 6 26
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 28th day of November,
1874, so many shares of each parcel of Bald Stock as
may be necessary, will be sola at public Miction at the
salesroom of Maurice Dore & Co., No. 32(j Pine street,
San FranclBco, on the 26th day of January, 1875, at the
hour of 12 o'clock, M. of said day, to paysald delinquent
assessment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of the sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California street, S. F.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above sale is hereby post-
poned until Monday, Feb. 8th, 1875, at the same hour
and place. By order of the Board of Trustees.
J30.lt T. B. WINGARD. Secretary.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
Banv. Principal place of business. City and County of
an Francisco. Slate of California. Lucation of works,
I'nerry Creek Mining Distriot, White Pine County, Ne-
vada .
Notice is hereby civon that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 2d day ol January. 1875. a>i assess-
ment of twenty cunts per sharo was levied upon tho
capital stock of the corporation, puyaMo immediately. In
United States nold coin, to the heorot&ry, at tbo office
of the Company, Room 14, 308 Montgomery street, Sao
Francisco.
Any Btock upon which this assessment nhall remain un-
paid on the 8th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised ior«aleat public auction, and unless pay-
ment is made before, will he sold on Monday the lir-t day
of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent ast$e>siuent, together
with coals of advertising and expenses of -ale.
I. T. MILLIKIN. Secretary.
Office— Room 14. No. 'JO',! Montgomery street, S. F.
POSTPONEMENT.— The time when the above assess-
ment will become delinquent is postponed to the eighth
(8th) day of March, and the sale of n too It for delin-
quency is postponed to Wednesday, the thirty-first
(Mist) day ol March, 1875, at the Bame hour and place
above mentioned. By order of the id rectors.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
San Francisco, Feb. 2, 1876.
Self-Fastening *S^^ ^""JS*
Bed-Spring. Bed-Spring.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
-also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
ble Bed Spring in use. It is adapted to upholstered or
Bkeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make tho celebrated Obermann Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make his own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & STLSBY,
14v28-eow-bD-3m 147 New Montgomery St., S.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of
SAVINGS have declared a Dividend for the half year
ending December 31, 1874, at the rate of ten per cent,
per annum on term, eight per cent, per annum on class
one ordinary, and six per cent per annum on class two
ordinary deposits, payable on and after January 15th,
1875. By order G. M. CONDER, Cashier.
3v9-Im-bp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN FRANCISCO.
Capital, One Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOGG President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
R.N.VAM BRUNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE.
No. 423 California fltreet, San Francisco.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to 50 fpounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHOENS, ,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS, GAMES , .-V .'."iBPK Black
HOUDANS. sSBSSB* < CAYUGA DUCKS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to batch after arrival on
•any part of tho Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, addresB „ „ ,
M. EYEE, Napa, Cal.
[ Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
KoUrNTSE Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at tne rate of Fonr per cent, upor
daily balances of Gold an* Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tf G. MAHE, Director.
Woodwaed'b Gardens embraces an Aquariam, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
Electric Mining Company— Location of
Principal placeof business, San Francisco, Cal.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, lev-
ied on the twenty-eighth day of November, 1874, the
several amounts set opposite the names of the respec-
tive shareholders, us follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Geo Hasen 301
C J Rader 302
0 J Rader 324
CJRader 330
O J Rader 331
CJRader 332
T B Wingard Trustee 322
TBWingard Trustee 326
TJB Wingard Trustee 347
J B Houghton 90
J B Houghton :...91
J BHoughton 392
J B Houghton 202
J BHoughton 314
Wm RMcCaw 348
John Mullen 158
GW Malone 66
GW Malone 67
GW Malone. 68
G W Malone 59
GW Malone 60
G W Malone 177
G W Malone 206
G W Terrill , 51
M Ellsworth 178
G W Mullen Trustee 04
ft W MullinTruBtee. 604
Mrs Annie Woods 76
Mrs Annie Woods 131
Mrs Annie Woods 280
Mrs Annie Woods 303
MrsAnnie Woods 318
Mrs Annie Woods 346
Herbert Eastwood 102
Herbert Eastwood 224
E Wolleb, Trustee 105
E Wolleb, Trustee 113
E Wolleb, Trustee 114
E Wolleb, Trustee 115
E Wolleb, Trustee 116
E Wolleb, Trustee 117
E Wolleb, Trustee 118
E Wolleb, Trustee 119
E Wolleb, Trustee 121
E Wolleb, Trustee 122
E Wolleb, Trustee 123
E Wolleb, Trustee, 124
E Wolleb, Trustee 294
C W Clayes 146
Joseph White 164
Joseph White 155
Joseph White 255
Louisa Thompson 239
Henrietta Grant 240
Wm. H. Sharp 163
Wm. H. Sharp 241
M. G. Rader 317
J. B. Weston 183
J. B. Weston 308
300
15 00
150
7 60
106O
53 00
300
15 00
100
5 00
1200
50 00
50
2 50
100
5 00
2825 141 25
50
2 60
25
1 25
41
2 05
a
2J4C
476
23 76
150
7 50
750
37 50
50
2 50
50
2 60
50
2 50
50
2 60
60
2 60
1000
50 00
187
9 35
500
25 00
50
2 50
100
5 00
160
7 50
100
6 00
500
25 00
550
27 60
147
7 35
300
15 00
600
30 00
60
2 50
7
35
25
1 25
100
6 00
100
5 00
100
5 00
100
5 00
100
5 0C
100
5 00
100
6 00
50
2 60
100
5 0C
100
5 00
60
2 5C
138
6 9C
500
25 00
250
12 6C
250
12 5C
75
3 75
60
3 0C
60
3 0(
100
5 0C
15
76
1700
85 0C
76
3 75
25
1 26
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of works. Lower Rancherie. Amador Couotv, i al.
Notice is hereby given, tliat at a meeting of iin.> fioard of
Trustees nfi said Company bold on the 4tb day of January.
1S75, an assessment of twenty-live eentH per share waa
levied upon the capital stock of said Companv. payable
immediately, in United States gold coin.totne Secretary,
at llftLeideadorff street
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 6th day of February, 1875. shall be deemed
delinquent, and will be duly advertised for sale at publio
auction, and unless payment shall be made before, will
be eold on Saturday, the 21st day of February, i675, to
pay tbe delinquent assessment tncether with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale. By order of the Board
of Trustees.
W. AUGS. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office. — 116 Leidet-dorff street. San Francisco.
"Golden Rule" Silver Mining Company —
Location of principal place of business, San Iran-
cisco, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stoek, on account of assessment levied
on tbe 8th day of December, 1874, the several amounts
set opposite the nameB of the respective shareholders,
aB follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No, Shares. Amount,
J Wertheimer, Trustee 1 25 $1 25
3 Wertheimer, Trustee 2 25 125
J Wertheimer, Trustee 3 25 125
J Wertheimer, Trustee 4 25 1 25
John P banders, Trustee.. . . 8 60 2 60
A Meyer, Trustee 16 5 25
F A Borel, Trustee 17 25 125
John P Sanders, Trustee ... .22 100 6 00
John P Sanders, Trustee. . . .23 100 5 00
Jacob Sunstatt, Trustee 31 20 1 00
Jacob Sunstatt, Trustee 41 40 2 00
Wm Small, Trustee 42 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 68 100 5 C9
A Meyer, Trustee 69 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 60 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 61 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 62 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 63 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee 64 lOo 6 00
A Meyerr Trustee 65 1C0 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 66 100 6 00
A Meyer, Trustee 67 100 5 00
A Meyer, Trustee unissued 11625 581 25
FTJri, Trustee unissued 3875 168 76
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 15th day of De-
cember, 1874, so many shares of each parcel of Baid
stock as may be necessary, will be eold at public auc-
tion In front of the office of said Company, 530 Clay
street, San Francisco, on the 16th day of February, 1875,
at the hour of 2 o'clock, p. m., of said day, to pay
delinquent assessments thereon, together with costB
of advertising and expenses of sale.
K. WERTHEIMER, Secretary.
Office, 530 Clay street, San Francisco, Gal.
Kearsarge Consolidated Quicksilver Min-
ing Company.
Notioe is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 28th day of December, 1874,
an assessment, No. 1, of 30 cents per share was levied
upon the capital sto k of tbe corporation, payable im-
mediately, in United States gold and silver coin to the
Secretary, No. 408 California street, San Francisco. Cal.
Auy stock upon which this assessment shall remain
unpaid on the eighth of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for Bale at public auction, and
unless payment be made before, will be sold on Mon-
day, the 22d day of February, 1875, to pay the delin-
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of Bale.
JAMES McHAFFEE, Secretary.
Office Rooms, 10 & 11 — No. 408 California strees, San
Francisco, Cal.
Manhattan Marble Company of California.
Location of principal place of business. San Francisco
California. Location of works, Oakland, Alameda
County, State of California.
Notice is hereby Riven, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 8th day of January, 1876, an assessment,
(No. 6) of two dollars per share was levied upon the cap-
ital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United. States gold coin, to the Secretary of the company,
at his office, Nos. 13 and 16 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 20th day of February, 187S, shall be deemed
delinquent, and advertised for salt; at public auction, and
unless payment is made before, will be sold on Saturday,
the 13th dav of March, 1875, at 12 o'olook M., to pay the de-
linquent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Sec'y.
Office— Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, ESan Francisco,
California.
Orleans Mining Company— Location of
principal place of business. Ban Francisco, Cal. Loca-
tion of works, Grass Valley Township, Nevada County,
Notice is hereby (riven, that at a meeting of the Trus-
tees held on the 4th day of January, 1876, an assessment
(No. 2) of one dollar ($1) per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, RoomS, 315 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal. , .
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
"aid on the 9th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on Tveaday, the 2d
day of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment to,
aether with costs of advertising and expenses of aale.
* J. F. NE SMITH. Seoretary,
Office— Room 8, NT, 315 California street, S. F.
u
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 6, 1875
Iron and flachifie torb.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
128 and 125 Beale Street SAK FKANCISOO
15. I. CUBBY.
Late Foreman of the Volcan Iron WorkB,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
SOLE MANUFA0TUKER3 OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIBAL BOILEB.
SHEET IRON "WORK of every description done
■t the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBINO and BEPAIBINa promptly
attended to. 17v26-3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APEIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL *1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN FBANOISOO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prioes. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaranw
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore, Jesse Holladay, 0. E, McLane,
Wm. Norris, ¥m, H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE. ..Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vI7-oy
JFTJI/TON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAHOFACJBKBEB OF
8TKAM ENGINES,
Quartz* Flour and Saw Mills,
fl(t;«i> Improved Steam Pump, lirodle'* Im-
proved Crusher, Milling Fuinpi,
Anmlgftmittari, and all It! uili
of Machinery.
N. £. corner of Tehama and Fremont streets, above How-
street, San Francisco. S-qy
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Eock Drill ComDany.
— MANTTFAOTUKEnS OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIB COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for }Blasting, Putnam Ha-
rdline Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
PA-ISKE «!fc LACT,
310 California St., S. F.
siiket iiaorsr pipe.
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to-
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and bos— introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
89" All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
21v28-3m-hd
Empire Foundry,
Xos. 137, 139 and 141 Febmont Stbeet, San Francisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts,Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Feadera, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
.floughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
GipBles, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittiugs
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
_ lUKUrAOTURBBS U*
hTJEAM E1NOI1V3ES, BOILERS,
Dunbar' a Patent Self- Adjusting" Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all binds of RElnliiK Machinery.
Front Str*ett between & and O _ti"«__t_,
Saoramehto Oitt.
g. w. puescotx. | w. r. eokaet.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVLLLE, _________ CAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoiaiine Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts, Cur Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet. Howard and Folsom, San Francisco
Machinery and Casting's of all kinds.
BAILEY'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE PLANES.
THIRTY DIFrEKEST STYLES.
Smooth, Jack, Fore, Jointer, Block and Circular Planes.
MANUFACTURED OP BOTH
I K. O 3V .A. N I> WOOD.
OTEB
80,000
Already Sold.
MANUFACTURERS:
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY-
Factories: New Britain, Conn. Warerooms: 35 Chambers Street, New York.
FOB SALE BY ALL HARDWARE DEALERS.
B^Send for descriptive Circulars, embracing a full assortment of Improved Tools. 21v28-lsm-ly
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standing^, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Jso. P.Eankih. Established 1850. A. P. Bbayton
Pacific Iron Works,
Fmsx Sibeet, ... Sam Fbakcisco.
Geo. W. Foeer, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERT DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERT
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PRATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & CO., Props.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt "Works.
MANUFACTURE RB OF ALL KINDS OF
'Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 16 and 17 Dmxam Street, San Francisco. 4v241y
Oalitf omia Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating' s Sauk Printing' Presses,
The Eooho-ty Htdbauxio Hoist fob Stoneb,
And General Machinists. _5v28-8n_
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Fibbt Street,
Sam Fbanoisco.
STEIGER & KERR,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to mating Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
Established far the Manalacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AHB —
Every "Variety of Si-afting.
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shafts, Orao-i, Plitou und Oon.
_ nectlnE Bods, Car and Locomotive Axle*
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size
0»* Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Francisco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention,
0&- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
Xt». 1SSS First street, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all kwds of Brass, Composition. Zinc, and Babbitt Me ta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Stuamboat Bells and
Gongsof superiortone. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
*_r- PRIOES MODERATE, -fit
J. H. WEED. V. KINQWELL.
THEODORE KALLENBESG.
and Maker of ModelB for Inventors. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small Gears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and in the
best manner. No. 32 Fremont street, S. F. 19v28-3n_
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
O. _& II. BAR-VETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every DescriptioR
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Fa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th,
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO, CAL.
JOHN L. HEALD, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills, Stationary
and Portable Steam Engines, Pumps, etc Boilers
built and repaired, and all hinds of Iron and Brass
Castings furnished at short notice.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUKEKA FOTJIVIJIiY,
129 and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howaid,
San Frsncisco.
LI&HT AND HJEAVT CASTING**,
of every description, manufactured. 2»vlfior
McAFEE, SPIERS - CO.,
BOILER MAKERS
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, San Franoisoo-
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
& SULPHURIC ACID MANUFACTURERS-
For sale or to lease the LEVIATHAN COPPER MINE,
in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and'
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallio copper-
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet,
thick, and 15 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels;
taken out during exploratory operations, realized $30,-
000 for Blueetonc. In sight, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;:
on dump, 300 tons 15 percent. Supply inexhaustible:.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons perr
day, which maybe extended indefinitely. Cost of ex-
traction, $2. There is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, pure
sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantageous
terms will be offered. For further particulars apply to-
Leurs Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine county, Cal,.
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entire
by machinery. Material the best in use; constructio
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cos
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co,
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils-
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. MoCRINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F„
lnS-m-
February 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
96
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
OOOK, RYME9 k CO/8 Celebrated Hoisting Engines have been too long
in QBf Ma the p»clHc Coast to require any special recommendation from —
«■ ■ r. I. r with cuiiii.lL'uoo to any one of the hundred* now in use
"tate that tiny still mist* In their old
ili.wod the now too
We ahuply
reputation, the mauufacturi-n- nut
jommon practice of reducing the quality of
ii.au-rial and workmanship for the sake of competing with cheaper engines.
For dutaiih .>( BISOS send fur price Hat. We desirw to call nurtL-nlar u,t..nt.n.
tu our iil-w
send for price list. We deuirw to call particular atteutioii
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by too same parties.)
Which hare jUBt been Introduced on this Coaat. Tho plana and specifications
aw he. onublned . ff.irta of ouk most socl-iomfiil siini.no rmuheiou! uud tho
raauit m the meat complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING ENGINE
Ever limit. Their advantages will bo seen at a glance by any one familiar with
',,",' ,""•'•»*'"'" "'. " miui- °"e of tl"''B0 «ie'"'» may be seen at work in the
Belcher mine, and one In the Ophir, on the Comatock lode, to both of which
we refer. O-Wo havo all Blzea of these engines constantly on hand. For
sale only at J
IEEADWE1L & CO.'S,
23vlD-eow-tf San Pranois0Oi CaL
ciEZLsrTiEiLsrisri^L np^dKzizisrGr.
SELF-LUBEICATING.
r-on
Locomotive
Marine and
Stationary
ENGINES.
FOR
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF ALL KINDS.
The CENTENNIAL is composed of the finest Hemp, made in strands or sections, of different sizes, each be-
ins saturated In a composition of pure German Black Lead and Tallow and covered with a braiding of the best
Italian Hemp to be found in the market. It is manufactured in a shape the most convenient to use and
handle, aud gives from 50 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs;
with less friction on the rod than any other Packing made, from the fact of its being bo perfectly soft and
pliable, and so well lubricated ho to require a minium pressure on the rod. It cuts off smooth and makes per-
fect Joints, is easily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires occasionally a new ring to keep the Btumng boz
full. ENGINEERS, TRY IT. For sale in any quantity by TREADWELL & CO., Sail Francisco.
No. 4 Car Wheel Borer.
We have the best and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
used in
MACHINE. LOC0M0TITB.
AND
R. R. Repair Shops.
£^* For Photographs, PriceB and Description, etc,
address
NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
98 Chambers Street, New York.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quartz Milts and Mining Men generally.-
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of steel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at thiB office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by tho
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
Bet6 of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoeb and Dies are in Ube in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
coBt, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam 5
by absonce of iron dust and clippings, and a saving of j
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders s
from the manufactory East. Price IG cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
With dimensions, to
CAST STEEL, SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building.S. F-
DUNHAM, CARRICAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OP
:e3:.a.:rjd'wa.:r,:e, iboit, steel
A.TSD OTHER META.JLJS, •
107, 109 and III FRONT STREET,
108, 110 and 112 PINE STREET,
8AN FBA1VCISCO, CAL.
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for the belt
In the great National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
We have made special shipping arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Pacific Coast. 8£"ONLY SEVEN DAYS BY MAIL FROM SAN FRANCISCO.-<BH Send your address for a full
report of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of saws that jou use, with the thickness, size and
kind that you use, and specify such as you will require within the next 60 days. We will guarantee to furnish
you with saws that have no equal in quality, and at prices that will be entirely satisfactory. AddresB
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting: Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont & Natoma
streets, S. F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AMD
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use,
Iff- SEND FOK OIBOULAK
N. B. — Also manufacturer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double-Acting Force Pump.
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFG. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch OfflceB, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
96
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 6, 1875
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-MORE THAN 7000 IN USE*
MINING PUMPS,
TANK PUMPS,
MARINE PUMPS,
FIRE PUMPS
Plunger PUMPS
SUGAR PUMPS
Hand Power
~ . . . ■ :. ,y:^,.,^,'\"
Lever detached.
OIL
PUMPS,
Brewry PUMPS
Tannery PUMPS
i= Irrigating PUMPS
FARM
lACID
PUMPS,
r UMPS,
Wrecking PUMPS
FEED PUMPS
The BLAKE PUMP may be seen in many of the priucipal mines of California and Nevada. More than 7.0B0 have been sold, and we refer to any oue found in use.
and handsomely Illustrated Catalogue giving prices and details of over 100 different sizes. A large stock of all sizes on hand at the Machinery Depot of
Send for our large
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
if.
N. W. SPATJXDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
EST ABLISHMENT.
Noa. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANUFACTURER OP
SPAULDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to he the most du able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wotid.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect*
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
W. T. GARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANT/FACTUBEBS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVERN AND 11S» BELLS. SOSUS,
«RE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PDHPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop.
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
GlobeB, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AHD
NOZZLES tor mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur.
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of allsizeB
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac!
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
•^"Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS COP-
PER and BRASS. ' e.tf
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE AND MILL CO,
M.FULDA&SGNB
Proprietors,
30 anil 33 Spear St.
Manufacturers of
WATEB TANKS. MIN-
ING WORK OP
ALL, KINDS.
WINE, BEER AND LTQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
GIANT P0WDEE.
Patented May SO, 18G8.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, NO. S,
For medium and Beamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bant Blasting, "Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
•y The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-8ml6u General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to till orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz aud gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
„_, „ A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17
24v26-tf
CazirVs Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator—One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a sizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de-
livering two or fot*r sizes of ore to two or four rows of
6ieves, each row independent of the other, and each
having 5 sieves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-clasb ores into
lst-class oreB of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold. or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter;— galena and silver sulphurets from
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most cases for the requirements of western mines, with
a capacity of 15 or 20 tons per 2i hours.
For particulars apply to,
F. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co.
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, or corner of
Blake and 32d itreets. ag8-16p
$^m~ms:4»
W. BREDEMEYER
MINING,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL, SURVEYOR.
«nli Lake, TJ. T.
"Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of Shafts.
■X-,
tin
:i
oitn
■KB!
ifc
The hfghest and only prize of its class given to anji -^ .
Vertioal Engine was awarded to the .r
Itt
^EMI-pORTABLV
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS;
Br THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Pair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power*
and the Sharpley Engines.
3-;;
hi]
Ai
■ml
A GOOD CHANGE FOR INVESTMENT.
An interest in one of the best paying Patents issued'
within the last twelve months. Working Model can
he examined at the Office of California Chemical Paint i
Co., Cor. Fourth and Townsend streets, San Francisco.
H. "W. McCOTTFRJ
ENGINES. ENGINES;
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided merits. Its Beauty, Compactness-,
Strength, Durability, Economy in Fuel, Ease in Hand--
ling, and. Small Space required attract the Buyer, ami
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
8^"Call and see it or send for Circulars.
J. BE KEELEE & CO., Agrts., 306 Cal. St., S.F
#SB)R0YE
, 19v27-eow-16p
A. WELDOft'S PATENT
Low-Water Alarrri Gauge,
|3=£SE5 For STEAM BOILERS of Every Description
Bj^f__gTHE SUREST,
CHEAPEST,
, SIMPLEST, and
BEST IN EXISTENCE-
Price, - SS-IO
With Glass Water-Gauge Complete, $50.
A. POTTER, Sole Agent,
228 Mission Street, San Francisco
al--
£,;.
»i:i
■fa!
h
■ >
It
kin
jUni,
If.!
towi
BV 1*1£\VI0V At CO.,
1'itionl f-i«>lloltor».
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 13, 1875.
VOLUME XXX
Pfumbcr *J\
Low Water Alarm Gauge.
The accompanying cat represents Weldon's
mtont low water alarm gange, which is now
»eing introduced on this coast. The intention
lonsista of a hardened float and the arrange-
aent of a "lever, valve and fulcrum in such a
nanner that it is impossible for it to bind or
>et out of ordor. As will be seen by the cut
he float is at one end of the lever and fulcrum
,t the other, and the valve being close to the
nlcrum, gives the float sufficient leverage
'hen the water leaves it, to open the valve and
low the alarm whistle under 1,000 pounds
iressure, which is more than any steam boiler
11 stand. The float is hardened by a new
>rocess, wbich leaves it perfectly round and
mooth, and is tested outside and inside by a
lydraulic pressure of 500 pounds to the square
,ch; it is then plated with nickel, so that the
team cannot oxidize the spelter. No float of
ai s patent ever can collapse or fail; it is not
ecessary to shut off the gauge or take out the
oat while testing the boiler, for the float will
tand more pressure than the boiler. The
alve passes through the lever near the ful-
rum, and is held in1 position by little adjust-
ble nuts, and is guided to its brass seat. The
alve, lever, fulcrum and valve seat are made
f the best steam metal, and will never cor-
ode. All cast iron yokes, pinB, screws, gear-
ig and clock work are avoided, there beiDg
ut one valve, and one lever, and that direct
cting, bo it is sure to blow the alarm when
16 water leavos the float. The hight of water
i the boiler is indicated in the glass, and the
ater cannot possibly leave the glass without
tie alarm being given, The glass gange and
larm are each separate and complete in itself;
the glass gets broken from any cause, the
alves can be shut off and a perfect low water
larm still remains.
The alarm gives the engineers a gentle
'arning as the water approaches a dangerous
tate in the boiler, and if disregarded will soon
larm the whole establishment. They preserve
le boiler, for with this protection the flues or
■ownsheet or sides of the boiler can never be
ijured for want of wjter, neither can the
oiler be exploded. Every gauge is provided
ith a test and blow-off valve, the full size of
le pipe, so that it can be tested as often as
esired. The alarm gauge can be attached to
ny boiler already having a glass water gauge
ithout making any additional holes in the
oiler. Parties desiring further information
an communicate with the agent, whose ad-
resd may be found in our advertising col-
Peopbbsob Silliman has published a card in
few York, with regard to the use made of his
ame in the complaint of the English stock-
lolders in the Emma mining company against
Park, Stewart and others, in which he says
[very charge contained in that complaint,
■■emanating from any source, imputing to me
Iraud, complicity or other improper act, either
q connection with the examination of the
Emma mine, with its sale, or with the (owners
ihereof, is entirely without a shadow of truth."
I A. V. M., Helena, M. T.— Your question
Inswered by mail. Owing to the large amount
ind growth of timber on this coast our me-
Ihanics have, in order to meet the demands,
|ractically placed themselves in advanceof all
khers in the manufacturing of saw-mills and
limbering machinery. We are always pleased
o answer queries'concerning machinery desired
in this coast, and invite mechanics to give us
(heir views of what is wanted.
I Heavy Blast.— They fired a blaBt of 80 kegs
jf powder, in the Union claim atTruckee Flat
|n Tuesday, which blew rocks and gravel out,
lotally demolishing the company's blacksmith
Jhop, doing great damage to Miohael Dough-
erty's house and barn, and killing a young
olt which was inj the barn. The mines are
'forking full force.
Advices from the Quahtay (Arizona") mines
ay the mines are paying a good profit, and
fill soon pay largely.
The Oregon Mining Excitement.
They are having quite an excitement in
Oregon over mining matters, and people are
getting quartz on the brain badly. The excite-
ment in the southern part of the State is by no
means oonfined to the Galice creek discoveries.
There are numerous prospootors tramping the
gulches and hill-sides in all directions, and
bringing in specimens daily. They have not
only found gold, but cinnabar also. A 12-foot
deposit of cinnabar is reported on Louise creek
and indications are also found on Wagner,
Griffin, Sam's and Brush creeks; as also on
Farmers' Flat. They have found a large ledge,
almost 20 miles north of Jacksonville, which is
pronounced very valuable. The principal ex
cifeement, however, is at Galice creek. The
Smith's Improved Rein Holder.
developments made there lately, particularly on
the Yank, or mammoth ledge, are beginning to
excite considerablejinterest. Nothing has been
done until lately to prove the value of tii6
mines. The ledge in question is stated to be
from 100 to 210 feet wide, which if true would
make it probably the largest ledge ever discov-
ered, discounting Fanamint altogether in this
respect. It is said to assay from a trifle up to
$500 per ton; bat if it will work $15 per ton
and is as wide as claimed, it ought to be a for-
tune for the owners. The ore oontains silver
principally. The Oregon Sentinel states that
two mills will soon be put up. Reynolds &
Co. have a 40-stamp mill on the way, and a
California company have a 50-stamp mill com-
ing. "Wood and water are abundant, and a
wagon road is being constructed from the stage
road on the north to the ledge, about 60 miles.
At present the snow has prevented much of a
rush, but the Oregon papers predict a crowd in
the spring. There are various other ledges in
the same range of mountains, that are now
being prospected. Some 15 miles of the Yank
ledge are already claimed. The main ledge has
numerous veins of rich ore running through it
from one to ten feet wide. In other parts of
Oregon the late rains and melting snows have
put water in some of the ditches and smaller
creeks and the miners are beginning to work.
Oregon was credited with $609,070 last year,
as her bullion product, and if these discoveries
prove half what is claimed for them she ought
to quadruple the amount in 1875.
Another, instance of a bankrupt estate being
saved by a rise in mining values, is that of A.
Delano, of Grass Valley, which was heavily
encumbered at the time of his death, but it is
now likely to turn out all right and leave a
handsome balance. Mr. Delano was a heavy
owner in a local mine, which is now yielding
very rich rock.
Smith's Improved Rein Holder.
This improvement is intended to prevent the
fastening of the reins to the bridle in a twisted
condition; also to keep the former from fulling
under the horses feet when unattached to the
bit, or from dropping under the tongue of the
vehicle. The device is represented in our illus-
tration secured to the harness and also sepa-
rately in Fig. 2. It consists of a simple metal
casting, having one pivoted roller, A, and an-
other not pivoted but forced in close contact
with the the first by means of a spring, JS. The
rein is passed through between the rollers and
thus supported.
On work harness the rein holder should be
made pendent to conform to the position of the
reins. On light harness it may take the place
of the terret, and thus, it is claimed, be of
greater Bervice than a rein holder secured to the
carriage, since it keeps the reins up in front of
the aoimal, so that he cannot get his fore feet
over them. At the same time the reins when
thrown over the dashboard are less liable to get
under the horses feet and tail. The inventor
points out that in similar devices, whioh keep
the reins taut, the horse is apt to put his tail
Weldon's Low "Water Alarm Guag-e.
over, and so pulling on the lines, to cause him-
self to back, thus breaking the hitching strap,
a difficulty evidently obviated by the present in-
vention. When used on backpad of harness
the rein holder should be made of terret form
where it is secured to pad, with rollers grooved
for round reins. This device was patented by
A. K. Smith, of Nebraska, Pickaway county,
Ohio, who may be addressed for further infor-
mation.
Esmeralda. — A subscriber of ours writing
from Li da, Esmeralda couuty, Nov., says: "I
am compelled to complain a little of the con-
dition of my paper on its arrival here. It would
appear as though all the worthy postmasters on
this side of the Rocky Mountains are thor-
oughly convinced that Esmeralda county, Nev.,
is in Mexico, and Mexico in Acapulco, and,
therefore, all the letters and papers mailed for
this place must first take an ocean voyage and
then work its way to its destination the best it
can. The result of this little arrangement is
that mail matter that should reach here in six
days from San Francisco is a great deal longer
coming. The Pbess of January 9th, arrived
on the 22d, and of late three sheets of the paper
are chafed through now by being carried on
the backs of mustangs. If the postmasters
would send on mail matter by way of Austin,
Nov., instead of Mexico, it would come in half
the time, and the papers not be so defaced as
to be unreadable. It you can do any thing to
correct this nuisance you will greatly oblige
this community." "We give space to the above
in hopes that the wife of some postmaster will
cut it out and read it slowly to her husband at
such times as she may want to convince him of
the stupidity of postmasters in general, and
her postmaster in particular. Its no use to
argue with a postmaster; he must be allowed to
think he is having his own way even if you are
really having yours.
Bullion Product.
It is well known that the figures representing
the annual bullion produot of the Pacific
States and Territories are always lower than
the real production. Nevertheless the tables
furnished by Wells, Fargo & Co. are recognized
as statistics upon which to base calculations of
advance ordeoliue", as there are no others ex-
cept such as are based upon estimates alone.
This company, as common carriers, handle
most of the bullion produced, carrying it from
the mining districts to the mints, where it is
coined. They have, therefore, the best oppor-
tunity of obtaining reliable data with reference
to the bullion production. Still it must be re-
membered that the figures they give only repre-
sent what has actually passed through their
hands, so that there is no danger of an over
statement. But considerable dust and bullion
is carried from the mineB by private hands, of
which Wells, Fargo & Co. know nothing. It
frequently happens in this State that after a
clean-up, a miner with a few thousand dollars,
who is going to San Francisco, will carry his
own bullion so as to save the charges of the
express company. This, of course, happens
elsewhere, so that the bullion product, as stated
by Wells, Fargo & Co., falls actually short of
the real product.
How much it falls short, is, of course, im-
§; possible to say; but 20 per cent, is usually added
^ to the sum actually handled by Wells, Fargo &
Co., for that carried by other means. There is
considerable complaint from the newspapers in
the Territories, especially those with compara-
tively small production — concerning the
amounts as given by Wells, Fargo & Co. They
perhaps, forget that without these statistics,
which are compiled with some trouble by Wells,
Fargo & Co., we should be entirely at the mercy
of estimates, or would have to wait for those
compiled by the United States Mining Commis-
sioner, which are published a year or two be-
hind time. Mr. Valentine, the General Super-
intendent of Wells, Fargo & Co., deserves credit
instead of blame for furnishing ub such as he
does. Mr. Valentine considers that the allow-
ance of 20 per cent, for " under-valuation and
other conveyances " is a liberal concession. In
some of the Territories, Arizona and Colorado,
for instance, the statement is usually consid-
ered low. From Colorado and Utah consider-
able ore and base bullion is shipped, of which
Wells, Fargo & Co. have no official knowledge.
In Arizona considerable dust is shipped by pri-
vate hands as, in fact, is the case in all the
States and Territories.
The bullion statistics give Arizona this year,
a very poor showing for all the work done in
1874, and the figures are undoubtedly low. Colo-
rado complains of injustice in this matter
also , as will be seen by reference to an article in
another column. In fact, the figures of all the •
States and Territories are small and may be
taken as a minimum statement; Nevertheless
they are much more reliable than mere esti-
mates, and certainly more correct than half the
statistics we take for granted on seeing them in
print. The Government sets aside such a
meagre appropriation for the collection of
mineral statistics, that it is impossible for the
Commissioner to collect them in any systematic
manner. If all mine owners would send to
some authorized individual an account of their
work, it would be all right; but mine owners
will not do it any more than people will pay
taxes without compulsion. When the mines
are prosperous the owners say they do not wish
to parade their private affairs to the public,
and are independent; and when the mines are
poor the miners are still independent and even
less likely to furnish information as to the re-
sult of their work. We fear that it is
impossible to expect ever to have any thor-
oughly reliable statistics of the aggregate results
of mining in the United States; but still we
should not grumble at those prepared for us free
of charge by a private corporation, which really
had no direct interest in the matter.
98
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 13, 1875.,
vORRESPONDENCE.
The Australian Colonies.
Editobs Peess: — As there appears to be every
probability of a permanent line of steamers
being established between San Erauciseo and
these colonies, which will afford greater facili-
ties for the transaction of business between the
respective peoples, I have thought it might not
be unacceptable to your readers to know some-
what concerning the area and population, re-
sources and requirements of the several col-
onies forming the Australian group, more par-
ticularly as I have found from frequent inter-
course with gentlemen from your State that
gross misconceptions, both of the- place and
people, are commonly held by California resi-
dents.
Will you bear with me then if I make the
commonplace observation that there are seven
Australian colonies — five on the continent of
Australia and two in the islands adjacent. Of
those on the continent four only are of any con-
sideration— the fifth, "Western Australia, being
separated from the rest by nearly two thousand
miles, and used only as a penal station by
Great Britain. The remaining four are named
respectively Victoria, New South "Wales,
Queensland and South Australia, the order in
which they are named indicating the wealth,
population and importance, whilst in area Vic-
toria is by tar the smallest and South Australia
by far the largest. New South "Wales a'gain is
larger than Victoria aud Queensland than
New South "Wales, a vast portion of Queensland
and South Australia, being altogether un-
settled. The island-' colonies are named re-
spectively New Zealand and Tasmania, the first
consisting of three islands of considerable size
aud ranking, at all events, third in importance
of the whole group; whilst Tasmania is at the
bottom of the list for everything except the
salubrity of its climate.
With respect to area, population, trade, rev-
enue and public debts, the following are the
statistics:
Relative Condition of Australian Colonies.
Area insq.m.
Population.
Imports.
New South Wales.
323,437
560,275
11,088.388
678,600
146,690
2,885.499
South Australia. . .
91-1,730
198,257
3.841,100
105,000
310,437
6,404,687
20,215
104,217
1,107,167
Victoria
New South Wales
Queensland
South Australia.,
New Zealand....
Tasmania
Ex}iorts. Revenue. Pub. Debt
15,302,454
11,815,829
3,542,513
4,587,859
5,610,371
893.55G
3,943,091
3,324,713
1,120,034
937,648
1,420,216
293,753
12,445,722
10,842,415
4,786,850
2,174.900
12,509,546
1,477,600
The provincinal revenues of New Zealand are
about £1,500,000 in addition.
All these figures show pretty conclusively
that Victoria is a long way ahead of the others
in every respect, although the people of New
South Wales, try hard to make themselves and
others think differently. There is no doubt,
however, that New South Wales, and in fact,
all the Australian colonies — Tasmania only ex-
cepted— are in a sound and flourishing condi-
tion. Never during the 19 years I have been
here has the look out all around seemed so
promising. It is true the yield of gold has
fallen off to some extent, and seems likely to
fall oft still farther, nevertheless, copper mines,
tin mines and coal mines are being opened and
worked, manufactories of various kinds are
multiplying, the land is being settled upon and
systematically worked, whilst the wool growers
and cattle breeders are getting disgustingly
rich. In addition to all this, the price of food
is very low, and any man can save who will.
There are some men, however, who seem to
have no will about them, except it be to loaf
and get drunk as much as possible.
The most important scientific event of the last
month is the Transit of Venus, the nature of the
observations taken of which, will be better under-
stood by reading the accounts in the Austra-
lian papers, than by any description I could
give. E. W.
Melbourne, Dee. 15, 1874.
Over one hundred Chinamen have left Col-
umbia since Friday week — most of them for
the new quicksilver mines, Afcer defacing the
fair appearance of the "Gem," despoiling the
best of her mines, robbing the country of
thousands, leaving houses in the air on stilts,
with unsightly holes beneath as the only relic,
they depart like a lot of vultures from a carcass
of dry bones, only to prey upon some other
unfortunate community. However, there is
one thing in their favor— they dislike to go
below their noses in a mine, and this cowardice
keeps many of them out of rich deposits. The
ground mined up in the town can be easily
slummed in and be made as good as ever.
This will be done some day when a new condi-
tion of things transpires and a new population
crowds the county. These mountain towns
and hill-sides will come out brighter than ever.
A new ledge, with a very promising appear-
ance, has been found on the southwest side of
the ridge back of Pioche. The owners are
Mnrphy, Jones & Co,
Quicksilver.
The third of the series of lectures given by
the Professors of the University of California,
at the hall in the Mechanics' Institute Building,
was delivered on Saturday last, by Dr. Becker.
The subject was " Quicksilver and Fuel." "We
present the first part of the lecture in full:
There can be no doubt that the most promi-
nent characteristic of quicksilver isjts fluidify
at the ordinary temperatures of the atmosphere.
This is, indeed, so striking a peculiarity that,
except to a mind somewhat used to generalizing,
mercury seems almost a substance apart, and
not in the ordinary sense one of the metals. A
moment's reflection, however, shows that there
is nothing genetically peculiar about quick-
silver. The relation between the prevailing
temperature of the surface of the globe 'and
the melting point of the metals is an accidental
and probably a temporary one. There is much
less difference between the melting point of
mercury and that of lead than between the
temperatures at which lead and copper become
fluid. The globe has certainly once had a
temperature at which all these metals were
permanently liquid, and a reduction of a hun-
dred degrees more would familiarize us with a
soft, ductite metal, much resembling lead,
though with a tin-white color, for which the
name of guicfcsilver would be a misnomer.
The Uses to Which We put Mercury
Depend to a great extent upon its fluidity
under ordinary conditions—gold, for example,
would be even better than mercury for barom-
eters— were it only liquid. It is frequently a
matter of great convenience to be able to bring
water in contact with melted metal, and with
the exception of an alloy or two, which melt
just below the boiling point of water, mercury
is of course the only metallic body available in
such cases. I tried in my last lecture to bring
into especial prominence the similarity of the
aclion of quicksilver, in the amalgamation pro-
cess, wiih that of other metals in a fluid state,
and showed tbat the main difference is in the
replacement of the melted slag of the furnace
by a watery emulsion of the rnck in the barrel
or pan. A vast proportion of the mercury
yearly produced is eruplnyed in amalgamation.
Most of the remainder is consumed in the
manufacture of vermilion paint aud mercurial
drugs.
Quicksilver sometimes occurs native in con-
nection with its ores, but generally in inconsid-
erable quantities. It is also sometimes an in-
gredient of a complicated mineral called tetra-
hedrite, but by far the most important ore of
mercury is the sulphide, called ciunabar, and
identical in composition wiih the verm lion of
commerce. The largest deposit of this ore is
at Almaden, in Spain. The Almaden mine
has been worked since 700 B. C, and is
scarcely even well developed yet. Tne second
largest deposit is at New Almaden, in this
State; but as thus far known, it does not ap-
proach the Spanish deposit in value.
Quicksilver belongs to the same general
group of metals as gold and silver, and like
them its affinities are weak, or in other
words, its compounds are readily decom-
posed. The beneticiation of cinnabar depends
upon the fact that sulphur unites with
much more strengih with most other
substances than it does with mercury. If
cinnabar be heated with lime, the sulphur
of the ore combines with it, forming sulphide
and sulphate of lime, aud leaving metallic mer-
cury. If we heat cinnabar in a current of air,
the mineral is also decomposed; the sulphur
unites with the oxygen of the air to sulphurous
acid, the unpleasant smelling gas we have met
so often in these lectures, and metallic mercury
is again left behind.
Perhaps you may remember that when sul-
phide of lead or galena is heated in a current
of air, the oxygen attacks both constituents of
the mineral, and we get, as here, sulphurous
acid, but in place of metalic quicksilver, oxide
of lead results. Grold, silver, platinum and
mercury, the nobie metals, are not attacked to
any extent by free oxygen, and hence in the
present case, metallic mercury is produced by
simple roasting.
Quicksilver Possesses a Property
Which greatly simplifies the operations subse-
quent to its isolation in a metallic form. It is
highly volatile and boils at a temperature of
675 degrees. It therefore distils off from the
ore during the roasting, and only requires to
be conducted through proper condensing ap-
paratus to be liquided and obtained in a mar-
ketable shape. If gold and silver were but
volatile at furnace temperatures, we could ben-
eficiate their ores iu the same way— i. e., suffi
ciently volatile; for, though we cannot distil
these metals in any ordinary furnace, very
small amounts of gold aud silver do pass off as
vapor when they are melted, and their
volatility is consequently great enough to
necessitate troublesome precautions, and to oc-
casion loss, thougn it is insufficient to be
turned to practical account.
Retorting quicksilver ores with lime is a
method of beneficiating them now seldom
practised, except for assay. "When used this
method differs but little from the retorting of
amalgam, which I described in my lust lecture.
The retort is filled with a mixture of cinnabar
aud lime, and heated. The mercurial vapor
passes out of the retort through tubes, cooled
with water, and the liquid quicksilver drops
from the end of the tube. The retorts are
sometimes made so that they can be charged
from the outside of the furnace, and- thus be
kept at work continuously. A larger percent-
age of the metal is obtained than by the
process of roasting; but the cost of apparatus,
labor and extra fuel more than compensate for
the gain under ordinary conditions.
The Oldest Cinnabar Roasting Furnace
Still, or until recently, in use is the Bustamente
furnace. In this apparatus the ore and fuel
are charged together in a short vertical shaft,
and air is admitted from below and from the
side. "When the fuel is incandescent, the air
decomposes the cinnabar and the volatile pro-
ducts, sulphurous acid, mercurial vapor and
carbonic, acid pass off through flues into two
large, square chambers, where the gases are
somewhat cooled. At some distance there is a
second pair of chambers, and the two Bets aro
connected by several tubes. These tubes are
formed of short joints, and each joint is an
earthen vessel swelling at the middle and with
one end larger than the other, so that the small
end of one "aludel," as these vessels are
called, maybe thrust into the large end of the
next. The joint is made with clay. These
composite tubes slope from each end toward
the center, and rest on a foundation of ma-
sonry. The mercurial vapor passing through
this tube is cooled down and the metal is de-
posited in drops, which, on account of the
inclined position of the tubes, run down to the
central point. A small hole in the under side
of the aludel occupying that position allows
the metal to escape and collect in vessels set to
receive it. So much of the vapor as escapes
condensation in the aludels passes into the
second set of chambers, where another portion
is liquified, and the remainder passes out into
the air and is lost.
Be?ides the metallic quicksilver another pro-
duct is condensed, called soot. Its composition
varies, but it contains flour of mercury, i. e.
quicksilver in exceedingly minute globules;
undecomposed sulphur of merenry, for cinna-
bar is itself volatile, and, when air is not brought
in contact with it, may be distilled unaltered;
calomel, when there has been any salt in the
ore, and soot proper, formed by the imperfect
combustion of the fuel. This product is col-
lected and worked over by hand with lye to
cleanse the minute globules of the metal from
impurities, whereupon a large portion of them
unite to drops aud are thus recovered. The
remaining matter is added to the ore at the
next charge.
The mixing of fuel and ore, as practiced in
this furnace, has one great disadvantage. If
at any time there is more fuel thau there should
be, too great a heat is produced, and if there
are easily fusible compounds in the ore, such
as silicate of iron, a glaze is produced, which
iu this, as in all roasting, interferes very much
with the proper action of the air upon the ore.
The Aludels, too, are somewhat difficult of
manipulationn, and it is very hard to make the
joints between them tight, and no "one would
now build a furnace on this plan.
The New Almaden furnace consists, in the
first place, of a large square shaft, two opposite
sides of which are broken through with numer-
ous openings. This shaft is filled with lumps
of ore so arranged as to leave passages through
the mass, but no fuel is mixed with it. The
fireplace is placed on the outside of one of the
perforated walls; the flame strikes through the
perforations into the ore and the gaseous pro-
ducts of the process pass through the opposite
wall into a series of condensers. The con-
densers are large chambers of brick, wood, iron
or glass, in which there are cross-walls, and
these cross-walls are broken through alternately
at the bottom and the top to admit of the pas-
sage of the vapor, but at the same time to com-
pel it to take a circuitous course. This at once
lengthens the distance over which it must pass,
giving it time to cool and, by producing gentle
eddies in the current, favors the fall of minute
particles of solid or liquid matter. The floors
of the chambers are curved aud slope toward
the outside wall, so that the metal, as it liquifies,
may collect at one point in each, chamber,
whence it may either be allowed to run out
continually through a small opening, or may
be tapped when it has accumulated. As the
vapor must be cooled down as far as practica-
ble, the natural draft is very slight, and a tall
chimney, generally with a small fire in it, is
needful to draw in the requisite amount of air
through the grate.
The working is very simple; the fire is grad-
ually increased from the start until, after from
three to four days, the mass of ore has come to
a moderately bright red heat, plenty of air being
admitted all the time. When this point has
been reached, the distillation is considered com-
plete, and the furnace is closed up and allowed
to cool. As soon as it is cold, the exhausted
ore is removed through suitable openings and
the furnace is recharged.
Other Difficulties.
The necessity of allowing the furnaces I have
mentioned to cool down before re-charging, in-
volves great loss of time and fuel. The first
furnace devised to allow of a continuous workiug
was the Haehner furnace. Iu this the ore and fuel
are charged together into a Bhaf t, the b ittom of
which consists of a grate with movable bars.
By removing one or more of these bars the
lumps of exhausted ore can be allowed to
drop from the furnace, while fresh material
is added at the top. The condensation
chambers are arranged as in the Almaden
furnace. The continuity of the Haehner
furnace is a great advantage, but not the
mixing of fuel and ore. It has consequently
been modified so as to , resemble furnaces
lohg in use for ores of other metals, by
allowing the flame from one or more outlying
m:
fireplaces to strike into the shaft filled with orai
alone. An important advantage is gained as inj
the exceedingly similar Sweedish roasting fur^
nace, by placing the openings for the entrance]
of the flame some distance from the bottom of)
the shaft,and allowing the air for roasting to em
ter at the opening intended for withdrawing ex-i
hausted ore. In this way the air is heated bjl
the hot worthless material, and the heat tm»
returned to the upper portion of the furnacei
The "Knox & Osborne" furnace of Cfllifon
nia and the latest furnace of the works at Idria' ...
Southern Austria, corresponds to this genera- "
description. The former is provided with i *}
single fire, which draws straight across the col jb
umn of ore in the shaft, and is built of heay;
brick walls. The Idria furnace, of which ™
copy is now putting up at New Almaden, fi,
provided with three fire-places, which draw 'L
through nearly three-quarters of the bight oK
the column, the gases passing out through opef
ings close to the topof the furnace. The wal
are of a construction first adopted in Englaii
for iron-blast furnaces, and since applied wij
great success to a variety of other furnaces—
comparatively thin lining of fire-brick, sijj
rounded by. an annular space filled with ai_
answering admirably as a non-conductor of heat
outside of which is another thin wall of bra
enclosed in a shell of boiler-iron. The char]
ing apparatus is also borrowed from blast fui
nace construction, and is of the kind calle
Parry's bell and hopper. The mouth of a coi
ical hopper is closed by drawing up into it ai
upright suspended cone. When the hopper i
filled the cone is lowered, and the ore enter, 'n
the furnace, but its fall is broken by the pre
ence of the cone, and it is thus necessarily di
tributed in all directions in the furnace. T.
cone is instantly raised again, and thus shi
off the escape of gas.
The Condensers
Of a quicksilver roasting furnace form,
course, an exceedingly important portion of
structure, and no absolutely satisfactory coif
struction has thus far been hit upon. Brick _( ahi
an exceedingly porous material, and quicksi;
ver both filters through it and is absoitted inl(
it by the almost resistless force of capillary a y,
traction. Some years ago, in pulling down a
old furnace at New Almaden, it was found *thi;
the metal had penetra'ed the foundation ac jf-,
the earth for over thirty feet, and down to
bed-rock. Since then the furnaces have b
built on arches, and jn the pillars, on wh
the arches rest, sheet iron plates have bi
placed to intercept the metal in its downwa;
course; much metal, however, undoubted:;
penetrates the outer walls of the condense;
and is evaporated from the surface; for me 4,
cury evaporates more or less, at all tenrpa^
atures above the freezing point of water, ai.
the condensers, though built of a very consi
erable thickness, are, of course, sotnewb
warm on the outside. On the other hand, fc
thicker the condensers, the less does the vapi
inside cool; and, as it must cool to condens
the necessity for thick walls renders a Ian
number of condensing chambers indispensibl
It is natural, therefore, to seek some inaterr1
better adapted to the work required than bric|
Cast iron and wrought iron answer very wr
for condensers, so long as the gas is hot, b
when the temperature falls below the boili
point of water, a very disagreeable action si
in. Sulphurous acid, heated with air in co
tact with highly porous substances, is partial
converted into sulphuric acid; this condem
with the water and attacks and soon destro
the iron. Wood withstands this action tol»|
ably well, and does not let quicksilv
through like brick. It has, consequent!
been much used for the later condensers of tf]
series; but wood is a non-conductor of he*!
aud hence, properly speaking, ill adapted
cooling apparatus. At New Almaden glass
found to answer excellently, being a much b
ter conductor of heat than wood, though i
so good a one as iron, and being, of coar
quite unaffected by the acid liquids. The ci
densers assume a great variety of forms, st
as chambers of various shapes and tubes.: c
umus of coke are also used with some succi
as final condensers. The draught
sometimes kept up by the aid of a cbimn
with or without the help of a fire to give
air in the stack additional buoyancy, and sot
times by a suction fan, or a "water drum,"
I I
«K
apparatus which sucks in air by means of 1 **agh
friction of a jet of wa'er. So far as the coed 'i
sation is concerned, an artificial blast would1
preferable, but the danger of blowing jets
the metallic vapor through fine cracks in
apparatus would be too great to admit of
employment.
The Losses in Quicksilver Smelting
Are various and very important, though tl
are not all very well understood. The whole b
of gas j>assing oat of the last condenser is i
urated mercurial vap'or. The amount of m*
contained in this vapor depends on the tern]
ature, and for low temperatures is very sc
per cubic foot, but its aggregate amount
day is by no means inconsiderable. Auot
source of loss is the fine dust of mercury i
pended in the gas; minute globules, so si
that they f.ill very slowly through the air,
are therefore carried away in the curren
gas. The rate at which a spherical body!
through the air depends upou its specific g
ity and its size, and we have, therefore, onl
make a globule small enough to give it a
manent velocity of ten feet, or of one foot
second. As the mercurial vapor is cooler
the condensers, the mercury is separated
like mist, and the individual globules, w'
(Continued on Page 102.)
February 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
99
.cientific Progress.
Natural Phenomena.
The store of human knowledge in the science
if natural phenomena is receiving constant ac-
Msions from intelligent observers in every
teld of observation, whether upou land or
rater. Among the latest recorded cases w.
jay instance the following which have come
hand in this locality daring the last week:
On Wednesday of last week, about half past
n a.m., some topographical stndeuts who
ere out on the Presidio, near this city, while
tljustiu'^ their instrument4, suddenly heard a
iarp whistling in the direction of the north-
rest^ The sound iucre<sed, and pacsed over-
eat! as if a shell or rocket, a whistle at first,
ising to a scream; then as a park of arftil-
v repidjy rolling over • rough road, it dwin
hd into silence, passing to the southeast.
hthing was visible iu the air. Hut the most
nrious thing about it was, that before thy
[>nnd tho needle pointed two and three-qnar-
ir degrees to the west of north. But, wh-n
ie sound had ceased, and the students with
ale faces gave their attention to their theodo-
te, it showed a variation of twenty-two and
ree fourth degrees to the east.
A cjn temporary in recordiug the above says:
ITho can explain this curious phenomenon?
Here is a nut for some of the members of the
bilosophio&l Society to crack." If the facts
re correctly reported a large meteor, invisible
n account of the noon-day sun, must have
assed over the city in a southeasterly direc-
on. The highly metallic character of such a
urge body could scarcely have failed to have
ffected the compass precisely as indicated.
'Oming from the northwest the needle would
rst have been depleted to the west ns stated;
nd after its passage "overhead" it would have
een as surely depleted to the east as was ob-
srved and noted by the "topographical stu-
ents."
Another phenomena, indicative of the exis-
mce of submarine volcanoes h*s been report-
the past week by Captain McKenzie, from
,e South Sea I-lands. While Captain Mc-
kenzie, on April 30, was sailing with his ship
mong these islands, about twelve miles from
rod, he observed a large column of water
oot up folly one hundred feet in the air.
'rom this water arose a dense cloud of what
ppeared to be steam. The spot where this
henomena occurred is marked on the maps as
shoal. As long as he was in sight of this
ater it continued to be sent up with equal
>rce.
Gramme's Electric Machines.
M. Gramme has made a communication to the
aris Academy of Sciences respecting the im-
rovements which he has made in his electric
iachines. The original machines ignited four
iches of platinum wire three-tenths of a
ilometer in diameter; the improved machines
ill heat to redness four timeB that length of
ie same wire, without any increase in the
eight of the materials or in labor. This aug-
entation in the intensity of the current is
rincipally due to the employment of the new
in plate magnets of M. Jamin. The new
lectro-galvanic machines have only one central
,ng instead of two, and two electro-magnets
place of four in the former machines. They
eigh only 177 kilogrammes instead of 750 kil-
grammes. The power required to work the
achines, as compared with the old, is only as
0 to 75.
They have the following advantages: They
nly require half the space; they are three-
urths lighter; they economise three-quarters
f the copper in construction; they require 30
er cent, less motive power. These improve-
ients have been achieved by the suppression
f the exciting coil, the bringing of the electro-
agnet into the circuit by the current, by an
aproved arrangement of the copper garniture of
ie bars of the electro-magnets, and by a slight
icrease in speed. The original electric light
lachine fed a regulator of 900 carcel burners,
;s weight amounted to a ton, and it occupied
space of 80 centimetres square, by one 1.20
leters in hight. This machine heated itself
nd gave rise to sparks between the bobbins
nd the conductors. The new machine is com-
osed of a frame work in cast iron, to electro-
aagnetic bars and a single movable central
ing, instead of six bars and three rings.. It is'
nly fiity-five centimeters square, and sixty
entimeters high, and its normal power is two
inndred burners.
Importance of Science to Industrial
Operations.
The importance of the application of science to
the ordinary industrial operations is becoming
more and more important. The grand practi-
cal truth is now quite generally admitted that
all real progress must arise from the pursuit
and application of science — and of all the
sciences none possess so much value as that of
chemistry. Let the reader ponder the follow-
ing paragraph, from a recent editorial article
in one of the leading aud most sterling practi-
cal journals of England. Iron, speaking of
special education in chemistry, says of its own
country:
"Chemistry is felt by those who c:\re for sci-
erice itself to be the corner stone of the natural
sciences, and by those actuated by commercial
considerations to be the best paying invest-
ment. In iron works, breweries, chemical
works, dye works, nud some other manufac-
tories, the presence of at least one chemist on
the premises is now considered iudispensible;
so much greater is the confidence of the mod-
ern mind in scieutific accuracy than iu rule of
thumb. This leceut revolt against the 'prac-
tic il man' h is vastly increased the demaud for
skilled chemists, and ev< n for persons possessed
of a less degree of ohemical knowledge. Supply
has followed demand, and every smart youth
now thinks a knowledge ot chemistry indispen-
sible."
The Age of Coal— Interesting Facts. — Re-
cent observations render it highly probable that
vegetable matter may, under favorable condi-
tions, be converted into coal much more rapidly
than geologists are in the habit of assuming. A
curious instance has been brought before the
German Geological Society by Herr Hirschwald,
of Berlin. In the Dorothea mine, near Clans-
thai — wood originally employed as timbering
has become so far altered as to assume most of
the characters of a true lignite or brown coal.
It appears that certain of the levels in the
ancient workings of this mine are filled with
refuse matter, consisting chic-fly of fragments
of clay-slate, more or less saturated with mine
water, and containing here and there fragments
of the old timbering. This wood, when iu the
mine, is wet and of a leathery consistency, but
on exposure to the air it rapidly hardens to a
soldid* substance, having most, if not all, the
characters of a true lignite. It breaks with a well-
marked conchoidal fracture, and the parts which
are most altered present the black lustrous ap-
pearance characteristic of the German "pitch-
coals." At the same time, chemical examina-
tion of the altered wood shows that it stands
actually nearer to true coal than do some of the
younger tertiary lignites. This instance seems
therefore, to prove that pine wood, when placed
under highly favorable conditions, may be con-
verted into a genuine lignite within a period
which, from what we know of the history of
mining in the Hartz, cannot have extended be-
pond four centuries. — Athenoeum London.
Petroleum in North Germany. — The dis-
covery of petroleum springs on the Luneberg
Heaths in North Germany is an interesting sci-
entific fact, and one which promises to convert
this once barren and apparently unavailable
tract into what might by comparison be desig-
nated as an El Dorado. Borings were made at
Oberg, by Hanoverian and French surveyors as
early as 1863, but then the measures taken
failed to confirm the opinion which had been
previously advanced of the presence of oil.
Since 1872 petroleum has been obtained without
intermission, although the process adopted for
its extraction has consisted in little more than
a mere washing of the sand, through which the
oil was suffered to run into vessels prepared
for its reception. A remarkable fact is also re-
ported in conuection with this, to the effect
that this petroleum is remarkably pure and in-
odorous ! It may not be out of place in this
connection to refer to the commercial fact that
manufactured petroleum constitutes, at this
time, the most important item of our manufac-
tured exports — its annual value is about $41,-
000,000, of which Germany receives about
$11,500,000.
ECHANICAL
Progress
&T
The Velocity op Light. — MM. Fizeau and
Jornu have been measuring the velocity of
ransmission of light, by experiments carried
>n between the Paris Observatory and Monti
lery. The light sent to Montlhery is reflected
,nd returns to the Observatory, the distance
here and back being twenty-two thousand
'ards. This experiment has never hitherto
•een made on so large a scale, or with such
ireeautions. Ten powerful instruments were
ised.
Another New Asteroid. — The Smithsonian
' nstitute has received a cable dispatch an-
touneing the discovery, at Berlin, of a new
>lanet, in right ascension 23°, declination 18°
!6' north, of the twelfth magnitude.
Mod Banks in the Ocean. — A curious phe-
nomenon frequently met with in the Indian
Ocean, the real cause of which has not yet been
ascertained, is the existence off Malebar, and
in certain spots along the Coromandel coast, of
vast mud-bauks, and of tracts of mud suspended
in the sea, wherein many kinds of fish find
abundance of food, immunity from much dis-
turbance in the surrounding element, and a
place in which to brdted. The exact cause of
the existence of these large tracts of the sea
wherein mud remains in solution is still a mys-
tery, but at any rate the tracts are so smooth,
that, even during the height of the southwest
monsoon, vessels can run for shelter into their
midst, and once there are as safe as when in-
side a breakwater.
Explosives as a Source of Power.
In considering the motive power of the future,
it is impossible not to reflect upon the possible
« ilization for this purpose of explosive agents,
such as gunpowder, thepicrates, etc. They all
may be considered as magazines of immense
power, incomparably greater than the power
Stored up in any of the ordinary combustibles,
such as coal or petroleum. In this view of the
case, the following extract from a papei by M.
Champiou, an excelhnt authority upon the
subject, becomes interesting:
"It is estimated that the explosive power of
nitro-glycerine is equal to ten times that of
gunpowder; 1.1 pouuds would lift from the
ground and project a weight of 100,000 kilo-
grams. The heat evolved iu the reaction is
about 1.282,000 ci.lories for each kilogram.
This same kilogram of nitro-glycerine, explod-
ing in a olosed space having a volume of one
liter, develops a theoretical pressure of 243,-
000 atmospheres, a temperature of 93,400 de-
grees, and a quantity of heat equal to 19,700,-
000 calories.
"One liter of nitro-glycerine weighs 1.6 kilo-
grams. In exploding in a space completely
filled with it, as it happens in a blast-hole iu
mining operations, or when operating under
water, this substance develops a pressure of
470,000 atmospheres; a pressure eight or ten
times tint produced by the same volume of
gunpowder.
"The heat thus developed being 38,000,000
calories, the mechanical labor produced, which
is the equivalent of this, rises to the enormous
number of more than sixteen thousand million
kilogrtm-meters, a value five times that cf the
maximum value of gunpowder."
"A kilogram of coal contains about 8,000
calories," says the Revue Industrielle, "each
calory being equivalent, theoretically, to 120
kilogram-mtters. Hence, the maximum me-
chanical work of 1.6 kilograms of coal would
be 5,47f>,000 kilogram meters; a quantity 3,000
time* less than is produced with the same
weight of nitro-glycerine.
'•Is not the imagination of the moat enthusi-
astic inventor," it continues, "staggered in
presence of these enormous numbers? What
an answer, too, do these figures furnish to the
pessimists who see in the exhaustion of our
coal mines the extinction of the industries of
the future. In a single liter of nitro glycerine
there is stored up the enormous labor of 5,500
horse-powers acting continuously for ten
hours."
American Machinery Abroad. — There is a
steady growing export demand for American
machinery. The Burleigh Rock Drill company,
of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, have just shipped
three large air compressors to furnish motive
power for running drills and pumps in the sil-
ver mines among the mountains of Peru and
Chili. Some American locomotives and some
machinery have been sent thither previously,
and chiefly to Callao and Valparaiso. Locomo-
tives and machinery have gone to Rio Janero;
axes and sawmills up the Amazon, sugar mills and
evaporators to Buenos Ayres; gas fixtures and
chandeliers to St. Petersburg; passenger rail-
way cars and saws to England and the conti-
nent; arms to the same destination; scales and
sewing machines everywhere. And, thus, step
following step, a beginning is even now made in
some departments sufficient to show that for-
eign appreciation of our manufactures is great
enough to promise them a market when the con-
dition of labor and living are such that we can
fill it.
Age of the Australian Gold Drift. — Among
some fossils recently described by Professor
M'Coy, of Melbourne, is an extinct wombat,
from the gold drifts of Victoria. This fossil,
called Plxascolomys pliocenus, is of much inter-
est, as having enabled Professor M'Coy to show
that the auriterous deposits whence it is de-
rived, instead of being merely alluvial, should
be referred to the more ancient pliocene period,
thus correspondirg in age with the gold drifts
of the Urals.
Smokeless JtattWJBB. — M. Foucault, in a re-
port to the Industrial Society of Rheims, com-
bats the idea that the smokele3sness of a fire
can effect a notable saving in the amount of
fuel burnt. He alleges also, on the other hand
that a considerable loss of economy is produc-
ed by smoke consuming apparatus. He brings
in support of his opinion the long series of ob-
Bt rvutious made by the Industrial Society of
lytalhoufie, which have proved that with the or-
diuury boiler furnaces it is only necessary to
consume from 125 to 150 cubic feet of air for
each pound of coal, while furnaces for the most
part puss twice that quantity. If the draught
be reduced in quantity, much smoke is evolved,
but the products of combustion, circulating
more slowly, part with their heat more readily
to the boiler flues. It is further proved that
the best means of reducing the loss of heat by
the chimney is by the use of feed heaters in the
flue, so as finally to reduce to 200 deg. the pro-
ducts of combustion, which are often discharged
as hot as 400 deg. Feed water heaters well set
will produce an economy of from 11 to 20 per
cent., with a reduced draught. The conclusion
is that furnaces with large area and suitable
feed heaters are the most economical in all
respects. But in order to obtain the best
results, much care is needed in stoking. A
little at a time and often should the coal be
spread over the front of the fire, and the bright
coal pushed baok to the bridge. At the same
time the least possible quantity of cold- air
should be admitted.
LiTHirjM Glass.— The following is an abstract
of a paper on lithium glass, read before the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science, by Mr. Charles B. Dudley: The alka-
line nature of lithium was evident, from the
very discovery of the element. It occurred to
the author by the experiment of making a glass
with lithium, and of determining its properties.
It was thought best to make the experiment
with the motit fusible materials ; and the
attempt was made to obtain a silicate of lead
and lithium. The silica was ob ained from
common quartz crystals, pulverized and treated
with hidrochloric acid. The lead was commer-
cial red lead. The lithium was a carbonate
precipitated by carbonate of ammonia
from crude chloride. Eight fusions were
made, and no attempt was made to fuse
more than twenty-five grains at once. There
were many difficulties in the operation of the
experiment, as from the presence of iron, the
small quantity of materials employed, and the
lack of conveniences in the laboratory. But
three pieces of glass were obtained large
enough to work with. The glass is clear, quite
hard, somewhat tinged with green, probably on
account of the presence of iron. Its specific
gravity is from 3.3 to 3.6; its index of refraction
iB 1.60; itB dispersive power was not satisfacto-
rily determined.
Iron Wire— Singular Phenomenon. — In
drawing certain numbers of iron wire, it often
becomes necessary, in order to continue the use
of the drawing bench, to anneal the iron, ThiB
is done iu a hermetically closed receptacle, so
as to avoid, as mujh as possible, the oxidation
of the metal. Iu Bpite of this precaution, how-
ever, the latter becomes covered with an ochra-
eeous film, which it is necessary to remove by
an acidulated bath. It frequently happens,
however, that subsequent to this process the
metal becomes so brittle as to render its further
drawing impossible. M. Seroz, engineer of the
Hociete des Forges de la Frenche Compte, has ex-
amined into this phenomenon, and finds that
the iron becomes charged with a condensed gas.
On breaking the wire under water in a test
tube, inflamable bubbles were generated which
detonated in the air. The exact nature of the
gas has not yet been decided, nor that of its
direct action upon the metal; but it is believed
to be either hydrogen or carbonic oxide.
An Improved Powder. — The Baltic Gazette
says that the German Government has just
adopted a new kind of prismatic powder for its
heavy guns, which is far superior to that used
in England and Russia. The powder hitherto
used by the Germans was similar to the Rus-
sian, and was proved to be more effective than
the English in some trials made with an Eng-
lish 8-inch Woolwich gun and a Prussian 72-
pounder, on the artillery shooting ground at
Tegel. The new powder consists of hexagonal
prisms like the old, but the prisims are pierced
with one hole only instead of seven, and the
specific gravity of the powder is raised from
1.65 to 1.68. According to the Baltic Gazette
the results produced by this improved powder
are extraordinary, and a Prussian 28-centimetre
gun loaded with it is equal to an English 11-
inch gun with the ordinary powder.
The reported (almost) malleable glass, to
which we have already made frequent refer-
ence, seems to be an undoubted reality. We
find the following further reference to this im-
portant discovery in a late number of the
Remte lndustriette. The inventor of this im-
portant improvement in glass manufacture, M.
de la Batie, is about to erect a factory for the
production of articles of this new glass. From
his patents it appears that his process consists
in annealing the glass while yet in a pasty state,
at the time of its fusion aud in the furnaces
where it is made. This annealing is effected in
a liquid and under special conditions. This
operation, while it does not render the glass
absolutely malleable, increases its resisting
power about forty times. We have seen an or-
dinary pane of window glass thus annealed,
upon which was allowed to fall from a hight of
six feet a five franc piece, without causing the
least damage. The importance of this discov-
erv in all branches of glass manufacture cannot
fail to be very great. The new glass works of
M. de la Batie will be established' at Pont-
d'Ain. A company has been formed with a
capital of 250,000 francs for the purpose of
putting the invention into practical operation.
New Invention, — In the lower Riverside
mill, Wheeling, where the iron is heated and
rolled for nail plate, a valuable patent gotten up
by Col. Orville C. Dewey, one of the proprie-
tors, is in use. The improvement consists of
an arrangement at the rolls whereby much
labor is saved, and a decided improvement
made in iron. When the plate is shoved under
the rolls, a friction wheel catches it, and with-
out requiring extra skilled labor on the part of
the catcher or "shove-under," it is drawn
smoothly through the rolls and comes out on a
long, narrow table, from which rods slant to
the lower rolls and down which the plate
easily slides. It then passes through the lower
rolls and comes out on the other side on a table
which turns on a pivot, and which raises it to
the upper rolls, and so on to the finishing
pass. The nail plate made there is fifteen
inches wide, which is the second widest in the
United States, and shows by reason of these
improvements, a polish of smoothness of edge
of admirable quality. Besides the improve-
ment on the iron we are reliably informed that
the firm have effected a saving by their use of
ten dollars a day, which speaks for itself of the
value of the invention.— American Working
People.
100
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
Fefc
[February 13, 1875;,
Rubber Paint.
The Pacific Rubber Paint Company, which
-was organized in this city a few months ago is
now in running order, and the factory at 209
Sacramento street is turning out large quantities
of this "peculiar paint. This article is the
result of investigations to produce a perfectly
water-proof paint, which was accomplished by
forming a chemical combination of rubber with
oil paints which when applied becomes elastic
enough not to crack, and has a gloss which
looks like varnished work. This paint was
used as long ago as 1856 in the United States.
In 1870 Mr. Eaton, of San Jose, sent to Cleve-
land, Ohio, for some of this paint for his resi-
dence, which was the first used on the Pacific
coast. His experiment gave such satisfaction
that others sent for it until over 10,000 gallons
of the paint was ordered for San Jose. This
demand led to the purchase of the patents for
the coast by the Pacific Company, who are now
manufacturing pure white and all colors in
large quantities.
The particular points of superiority claimed
by the company are as follows: economy, as
any described surface can be covered 20 per
cent, less than any other paint; durability, as
change of climate or weather does not affect it,
while its greater body forms a coat so adhesive
and elastic as to prevent cracking, chalking or
peeling. It retains its color and gloss, and
flows from the brash freely. It may be used
for all kinds of painting, and especially for fine
inside work, and will work well on iron, stone,
wood, brick or plaster. It is claimed that no
paint made .will resist water equal to it, mak-
ing it excellent for vessels, boats or roofs, and
its peculiar character makes it retain its color
throughout.
No special directions are necessary to enable
any one to apply the paint; except that the
first coat should be thoroughly dry before
others are added. One gallon of it covers 35
square yards with one coat; 25 square yards,
two coats; or 18 square yards, three coats. The
same dryers are used as in other paints if found
necessary. The paint is furnished mixed ready
for use in all colors, comprising any number of
different shades. It can be put on by any one.
It is put up for shipment in cans of %, 1* 2, 5,
10, 20 or 40 gallons; also in 5 gallon wooden
pails and barrels. The paint can be bought as
cheap of agents as at the factory. Messrs.
Healy & De Forest, the principal proprietors,
are introducing the product largely in this city
and the interior, and already a number of
buildings in San Francisco are being painted
with it.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
THTJBBDiY, FEBBUAKY i.
MOUNTS G SESSION.
590 Alpha \6%@\bi£
50 ...,b30 im
1625 Belcher
225 ...bfi .J35@3"4^
2K90 Beat & Beloher.42^@43!a
50 ....b5 43j|
3&0 Ohollar 61@60
100 ....i!0 60
995 Grown Point 29@e6
30 ....b ....30 28
3090 California 55@57
175 ....b30 bm
155 Caledonia 17@18
325 Con Gold Hill 3-<£l' ,
210 Confidence lftM.'i
570 Con Virginia 410@ 115
20 ....b30 418
50 Daney 1J£
30 Exchequer 180@175
510 Empire Mill 7
895 Gould & Curry. ..18@15^
425 Hale &. Norcroas...4U@j39
1635 Imperial 9&10
120 ....b30
60 Justice
9S5 Julia,.
440 KeniileV 1©J15
320 Lady Bryan 3@9>$
3130 Mexioan 29@30
50 ....bSO SOW
1970 ODhir 86@89
700 Overman 54@55
50 ....blO 55
50 ,...b5 57
310 Savage 100@90
90 ....b30 90S93
1185 S Nevada 13@I2^
155 Seg Belcher 100@35
150 Succor 4
1440 Union 8@8i*
690 Yellow Jacket.... 80@74
125 ....b30 82@S7
120 ....390 75
AFTERNOON SESSION.
390 Meadow Valley.. ..~,<di1}4
1755 Raymond A Ely.. ..:)»<' ^
245 Eureka U-.; a I..
155 Pioohe 4@4>S
300 Wash A Creole...
185 American Flag...
880 Belmont 7:u,7 ' ■
10U Newark %
50 M Belmont l?i
360 Bye Patch 3M@3J
50 Golden Chariot. '■"..3^
100 IdaEllmore 1«
200 Mahogany 5,'w
260 Knickerbocker.... i«ii'~
180 Baltimore tt'-i
270 Globe 1M
15 Bacon 3V>
860 Bullion 31«i^h ■'-
660 Utah 3'On
1130 Silver Hill 8C~
59n Eclipse 5' .ati
410 Davton 3', a:!1
450 Rock Island 3iw,4
59IJ New Vurk.. 2' .'._< J',
300 Occidental 3J?@3Jl
300 Senator ?j
18U American Flat 5'..@6
210 Woodville... -J^
100 Lady "Washinirton. . . ig
2i0 Kossuth
1700 Andes
200 Silver Central 2^,
This Week.
Thubhday, Febeuaky 11.
MOBN1MG 8ESBION.
Ophir 66(5)70
M exican '& ' ■■ a-'l-i
Best* Belcher.. ..52@57
Savage 85;al9ll
Hale i. Norcros3.38,^@J0
Gould 4 Curry 18(g)i9
Chollar 56 a Si1-;
Crown Point i::n W
Jacket 72ti-7J'*
Imperial .S^@8iii
Empire t!.V« i,L i
CGHill 3
Kentuck 14)£
Belcher 36a3;'L.
Confidence l.V^l'i
Con Virginia.. 445,<.(.-l5ii
Alpha. 15!'."1.V..
Daney l»l*e
S Nevada 7l2^
California. 53_®54
Exchequer !75<U!Hi
SBelcher 87'a'«j-H5
Overman 58(«jftl
Justice 85@90
Succor IM
L Bryan 5!^@5
U Consolidated.... 8\^'i
Julia oV-,;
Caledonia 18Jt!o)19
Knickerbocker . .. .4@4M
Globe IM
Baltimore 6%@l
AFTERNOON SESSION.
415 Meadow Valley.... 1@V/i
315 Ray. A Ely 34
45 Eureka Con 143£
15 Pioche 4M
210 Am Flag 2M@23tf
45 Belmont 8M
300 Newark 50c
70 M Belmont' 2
370 Rye Patch 5>£@3&
400 Prussian 50c
70 Mansfield 9^
70 Golden Chariot. A%@ih£
1000 Booth \%
100 Ida Elmore 19$
360 Bullion 28@29
770 Utah 3k@3\
170 Silver Hill.. S@85£
15 Ecliose 6
15 Caallenge 6
2S0 Dayton 2@2hs!4
125 Rock Island imX
590 New York 3J<@3^
90 Occidental 43*
330 Phil Sheridan l@li*.
225 Am Flat 5J£
9950 Woodville 5tf@6
50 Mint 62^c
290 Lady Washington 2<&$A
800 Kossuth i&®W
470 O. G. Hill 3(a)3&
200 Jacob Little 2
100 Leo iji
330 Andes 6)£@7
2U0 Omega 2%
925 Wells-Fargo 50c
170 North Carson Si*
2700 Niagara 90c@l
There has been received at Winnemneca,
rom the ledge recently discovered near Greggs-
ville, a specimen of ore weighing nearly half a
pound, which is almost pure chloride of silver,
resembling somewhat that found in the Hidden
Treasure at "White Pine in the palmy days.
The Utah Southern railroad is completed to
Santaquio,
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals.']
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Amt. Levied. Deling' nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business
Bowery Cons M Co
Caledonia S M Co
CederbureGM Co
Chariot Mill A M Co
Confidence M Co
Coos Bay Oregon Coal Co
Daney M Co
El Dorado South Cons M Co
Empire Mill &, M Co
Kmpire M Co
Florida S M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Gold Run M Co
Hale &. Norcro*s S M Co
IdaEllmore M Co
Indus G & S M Co
Iowa M Co
Justice M Co
Knickerhooker M Co
Lady Brvan M Co
MahoL-any G & S M Co
Mint G A S M Co
Newark S M Co
North Bloomfield G M Co
Page Tunnel Co
Phil Sheridan G & S M Co
Pioohe S M Co
Pioche West Ex M Co
Poorman 6 it S M Co
Raymond & Ely S M Co
Red Jacket M Co
Rock Island G & S M Co
Silver Cord M Co
South Chariot M Co
St Patrick G M Co
Utah S M Co
War Eagle M Co
Yellow Jacket S M Co
Ely District
Washoe
Cal
San Diego Co
Cal
Oreeon
Nevada
Wa.ib.oe
Idaho
Washoe
Idaho
Cal
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Idaho
Washoe
Ely District
Oal
Utah
Washoe
Ely District
Ely District
Idaho
Pioche
Idaho
Washoe
Idaho
Idaho
Cal
Washoe
Idaho
"Washoe
20 Dec 15
3 00 Jan 8
50 Dec 29
50 Dec 24
30 Jan 16
1 00 Feb 5
75 Jan 12
75 Jan 15
50 Dec 28
1 00 Jan 30
I 00 Jan 8
I 50 Jan 4
15 Feb 9
5 CO Jan 8
1 i>0 Feb 1
25 Dec 30
25 Jan 13
5 00 Jan 12
1 50 Dec 28
1 00 Jan 11
2 00 Jan 6
20 Jan 19
1 00 Feb 2
1 00 Feb 3
5 Dec 12
75 Jan 21
- Dec 11
30 Dec 28
1 00 Jan 19
3 00 Jan 18
50 Febl
1 00 Jan 13
1 00 Jan 2
1 00 Jan 9
50 Feb 2
2 00 Jan 22
1 00 Jan 25
5 00 Dec 10
Jan 25
Feb 12
Feb 3
Jan 23
Feb 23
MarlO
Feb 16
Feb 19
Jan 29
Mar 5
Feb 10
Feb 8
Mar 15
Feb 11
Mar 8
Jan 30
Feb 15
Feb 12
Jan 30
Feb 12
Feb 11
Feb 24
MarlO
Mar 12
Jan 20
Mar 2
Jan 21
Feb 3
Feb 24
Feb 26
Mar 9
Feb 17
Feb 5
Feb 16
Mar 8
Feb 24
Mar 2
Jan 13
Feb 28
Mar 5
Feb 24
Feb 13
Mar 17
Mar3L
Mar 9
Marl2
Feb 18
Mar 26
Mar 2
Feb 28
Apr 5
Mar 5
Mar 29
Feb 18
MarlO
Mar 2
Feb 19
Mar 3
Mar 4
Maris
Mar 31
Mar 30
Feb 20
Mar 30
Feb 16
Feb 25
Mar 17
Mar 26
Mar 30
Mar 9
Feb 26
Mar 9
Mar 31
Mar 16
Mar 23
Feb 13
OE Elliott
R Wecener
D M Bokee
F Swift
W S Anderson
T P Beach
G R. Spinney
W Willis
W E Dean
W Willis
L Hermann
L Kaplan
O O Palmer
J F Lishtner
W Willis
D Wilder
A D Carpenter
J S Kennedy
H Boyle
F Swift
C B Higgins
D A Jennings
W Willis
T Derby
J Hardy
W R Townsend
C E Elliott
T L Kimball
W Willis
T W Colburn
W Willis
J W Clark
Frank Swift
O H Bogart
D F Verdenal
W E Dean
L Kaplan
G W Hopkins
419 California at
414 California st
215 Sansome st
419 California st
210 Battery st
424 Montgomery st
320 California st
419 California st
419 Caiforoia st
419 California st
11 Pine st
Merchants' Ex
4l Market st
438 California st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
605 Clay st
Merchants' Ex
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
402 Montgomery st
401 California st
419 California st
320 California st
418 California st
330 Pine st
419 California st
409 California st
419 California st
418 California Bt
4'9 California Bt
418 California st
419 California st
402 Montgomery st
409 California st
419 California st
Mercnants' Ex
Gold Hill
INING SUMMARY.
The following ia mostly condensed from journals ptf
liBhed in the interior.in proximity to the mines mention*
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
American Flat M Co Washoe
California and Arizona M Co Arizona
California Cons M A M Co Cal
Carrie Hale Hydraulic MiWCo Cal
Combination G & S M Co Panamint
Con Reforma L & S M Co Lower Cal
Dardanelles M Co Washoe
Edith Quicksilver M Co Cal
Emma Hill Cons M Co Utah
Enterprise Cons M Co Cal
Equitable Tunnel M Co Utah
-420" M Co Washoe
Gold Mountain G M Co Bear valley Cal
Golden Rule SM Co Utah
Hasloe M & M Co Mariposa Co Cal
Hayes G&SMOo Robinson Dist
Illinois Central M Co Idaho
Imperial S M Co Washoe
Independence Cons M Co < Cal
Kearsarge Cons Quicksilver M Co Cal
Little Panoche Quicksilver M Co Cal
Occidental M Co Nev
Ophir G M Co Bear valley Cal
Patten M Co Washoe
Pinto M Co White Pine
Prnssian GARMCn Nye Co Nevada
Rattlesnake Quicksilver M Co Cal
San Jose M Co Egan Canon
Silver West Cons M Co Eureka Nev
Union ConM Co Washoe
Webfoot M Co Elko Co Nev
Wells, Fargo & Co M Co Wastme
Wyoming G M Co Cal
Yarborough S M Co Kern Co Cal
V 00
Feb 8
Mar 15
Apr 5
10
Jan 8
► cb22
Mar 12
1 ml
Jan 14
Feb 16
MarS
10
Feb 24
Mar 17
10
Deo 28
Feb 1
Fob 23
Ml
Dec 24
Jan 30
Feb 20
1 HI
Feb 5
MarlO
Mar 31
HI
Dec 23
Feb 3
Feb 23
41)
Jan 20
Mar 8
April 5
Mar 3
WADeo 26
Feb 6
25
.Ian 12
Feb 17
Mar 9
1 III!
Dec 29
Feb 2
Feb 20
1 ml
Jan 25
Mar 6
Mar 31
ft
Deo 8
Feb 15
I vn
Jan 13
Feb 16
Mar 16
»i
Feb 12
Mar 8
:«>
Dec 24
Jan 30
Feb 23
1 HI
Feb 10
Mar 17
Apr 7
Feb 12
•/.!
SFeb4
Mar 13
30
Dec 23
Feb 8
Feb 22
HI
Febl
Marl
Mar2S
Ml
Feb 2
Mar 9
Mar 29
10
Jan 22
Mar 2
Mar 27
HI
Feb 3
Mar i
Mar 29
10
Jan 9
Feb 15
Mar 8
1 Ml
Jan 12
Feb 18
Mar 1 :
1 2ft
Dec 24
Jan 28
Feb 19
ft Ml
Jan 27
MarS
April 13
III
Jan 13
Feb 20
Mar 20
Ml
Feb 6
MarlO
Mar 23
V.S
Jan 23
MarS
Mar 30
Dec 21
Jan 30
Feb IS
Ml
Jan 13
Feb 13
Marl
30
Dec 23
Jan 3'l
Feb 23
C A Sankey
T E Jewell
J W Tripp
H Knapp
D Wilder
A D.Carpenter
W S Duval
W Stuart
G J Cole
F J Hermann
C S Healv
E F Stone
J P Civallier
K Wertheimer
331 Montgomery st
507 Montgomery st
408 California st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
605 Clay st
113 Liedesdi
302 Montgomery st
418 Kearny Bt
Merchants' Ex
419 California st
513 California st
530 Clav st
W A M Van Bokkelen 419 Cal st
G R Spinney 320 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 California st
R H Brown
W E Dean
F J Hermann
JMcAffee
G R Spinney
A K Deubrow
JPCavallier
L Hermann
A K Durbrow
R H Brown
A Baird
A Carrigan
F R Bunker
J M BufBngton
D A Jennings
A O Tavlor
W J Gunn
E Barry
418 Kearny st
408 California st
320 California st
Marchanta' Ex
513 California st
330 Pine st
■13^ California st
402 Montgomery st
316 California st
109 Front st
606 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
331 Montgomery Bt
410 Montgomery st
415 Montgomery st
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Location. Secretary.
.Etna Gravel M Co Cal D Wilder
Bellingham Bay_ Coal M Co J H Dobinson
Cherokee Flat B G M Co Cal H Pichoir
Fresno Quicksilver M Co Cal R Wegener
Indus M Co Washoe D Wilder
Iowa M Co Washoe Called by Trustees
Justice M Co Washoe J S Kennedy
Omeea Table Mountain M Co Cal D Wilder
Plutiina M Co E P Flint
Tintic M & M Co Utah H C Miller
Vivian G & S M Co US Fitch
Office in S-F.
Merchants' Ex
305 Sansome st
603 Washington st
414 California st
Merchants' Ex
605 Clay st
Merchants Ex
Merchants' Ex
408 California st
411'j California st
535 California st
Meeting.
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Ann u nl
Special
Annual
Aunual
Date,
Feb*23
Feb 15
Feb 13
Feb 26
Mar 3
Feb 16
Feb 15
Ffb 24
Feb 15
Mar 3
Mar 4
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Location. Secretary.
Belcher M. Co. Washoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Black Bear Quartz Cal W S Oliver
Chariot MAMCo Cal Frank Swift
Consolidated Virginia M Co Washoe D T Basley
Crown Point M Co Washoe C E Elliott
Diana M. Co. N. C. Fasset.
Eureka Consolidated M Co Nev WWTraylor
Rye Patch M Co Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
m
419 California st
4.9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California at
409 California st
3 00
2 00
1 00
Payable.
Jan 11
FeDlO
Nov 16
Feb 11
Jan 12
Jan , 25
Feb 5
Feb 5
Mining Stocks.
The MiniDg Stock Market continues in a de-
pressed condition, the volume of business being
small and prices low. The market was np a
little on Monday aDd Tuesday, but on Wednes-
day and Thursday it was "off" again. It is
hardly possible that prices will continue where
they are for any length of time, as some of the
large operators hold more stock than they care
about carrying. The general supposition is that
the market has touched bottom, but. of course,
no one can tell about this. It is not likely,
however, to remain where it is for any leDgth
of time, any more than it was to remain high
during the late excitement. News from the
bonanza mines continues favorable and there
seems to be no diminution of confidence in
them, although the prices are much lower than
for the past few weeks. Opnir goes up and
down as usual and seems to lead the market.
Some few descriptions went up a little this
week independently despite the downward ten-
dency. Small operators are waiting to see
what the market is to do, and large ones are
probably laying tne wires for a new deal. The
late break swamped some of those even on the
inside as well as many on the outside, as small
stocks declined in proportion to the leading
ones. At present there is not much disposition
to buy manifested by the general public.
It is reported that valuable discoveries of
rich gold and silver-bearing quartz have recently
been made in the juniper timber near South
Mountain, where Platte Burr's men are burning
coal. More iron mines have also been discov-
ered out there.
They had a grand time at Austin the other
day over the passage of the Austin and Battle
Mountain railroad bill by the Legislature over
the Governor's veto.
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk's Office at San Fran-
cisco:
Manhattan 8. M. Co., Feb. i. — Location: Reese Biv
er district, Nevada. Capital stock, 55,000,000. Direc-
tors— J. D. Fry, J. A. Parton, J. C. Bateman, A. J£. P.
Harmon, and B. F. Morrow.
Combined Comstock M. Co., Feb. 5, — Capital stock,
$5,000,000. Object: Acquiring titles to mines located
contiguous to the Comstock lode. Directors — James
J. Robbins, O. C. McCracken. Wm. S. Duval, H. V.
Clark, and P. A. Eakins.
Buzzo S. M. Co., Feb. 8.— Location: Utah. Direc-
tors— James A. Pritchard, James Carson, S. A. Ray-
mond, Joseph McGillivray and Grafton Perry.
Stab of Bethlehem M. Co., Feb. 8. — Capital stock,
$5,000,000. Location: Humboldt county, Nevada. Di-
rectors—B. F. Bivine, W. A. Levanway, S. A. Kelly, L.
L. Alexander and S. H. Harmon.
Capital QotcksilvebIG. and S. M. Co., Feb. 10. Lo-
cation: Sonoma county, Cal. Capital stock, $3,000,-
000, in 10,000 shares. Directors— H. T. Beynolds, H.
B. Furbaugh, D. W. Hudson, Harry Cummings and Q.
F. Reeve.
Increase of Capital Stook,— The capital stock of
the Geddes and Bertrand M. and M. Co. has been in-
creased from 40,000 shares, of the value of $100 per
share, to 100,000 shares o^the value of §100 each. The
Troy Consolidated Q. and S. M. Co. has increased its
capital stock from $10,000,000 to $20,000,000.
An artesian well in Mission bay half a mile
from the shore now flows 160,000 gallons per
day. The pipe is 11 inches in diameter. This
well will furnish all the mills and manufacto-
ries with water for steam and other purposes.
During the past three weeks the Great West-
ern Quicksilver mine, in Lake county, shipped
237 flasks ot quicksilver.
A laege quantity of Panamint ore was
shipped to Liverpool from Wilmington last
Saturday.
At Castle Dome, Arizona, 600 tons of ore
are awaiting shipment to San Francisco.
A coal mine has been discovered near As-
toria, Oregon.
California.
AMADOR COUNTY-
Mining Sales. — Amador Ledger, Feb.
"The placer mining claim belonging to Messi
Curtis and Martin, situated west of the Do'
& Co. claims, was sold a few days ago
Messrs. Matson, Parsons and others, T]
claim sold embraces sixty acres of very val'
ble mining ground, and of easy access to
waters of the Amador Canal. The gravel up
the claim will average over 200 feet in depl
and a fall of over that number of feet can
had for hydraulic purposes. Gold seems to
intermixed with the gravel wherever prospei
ing has been done, and when hydraulic mini}
shall be applied on the claim, it will beyond
doubt prove valuable. We learn the preai
owners intend erecting hydraulic works,
to mine the ground on an extensive scale.'
Six thousand dollars in gold coin was pi
on Monday last, for the St. Mary's placer mi
ing claims, usually known as the Marti
claims, situated near Jackson. The claii32L
embrace nearly 90 acres of valuable minuffij ^
ground, and were purchased by the Amadojl $,
canal and mining company. As soon as tbt, ^
ground is placed in good working order, and; im-
proper hydraulic works erected, the claims wif
render such returns as will be satisfactory {
all parties concerned.
C. Wise, proprietor of the toll-road leadim.
from Sutter Creek to Foster's Hotel, a few daj»
ago purchased from Messrs. Rice & Co., thi t. ,
ditch property and water right thereto belong. "•;■■
ing, heretofore known as the Loree ditch, con- c7
veying water to the extensive gravel claimB ai
Upper Eancheria. Mr. Wise has; also pi
chased from the same company 'the gra*1
claims on Eanoheria flat, connected with
ditch. The ditch will afford water for mini
purposes for near two-thirds of each year,
new quartz mill of five stamps has been rtf J
cently constructed at Kancheria, and is driverl
by water from the ditch above referred to,i
The mill, we learn, is now crushing rock fn
ledges in the vicinity, much of which, it is
ticipated, will yield good returns.
Amadoe Canal. — This splendid work hi.
nobly withstood the ravages of the receni
heavy storms, and has passed through the or
deal with less damage than any work of tht,
siime magnitude ever constructed in the State,,
We learn, that notwithstanding the heavy raiut
and swollen condition of the streams, tht
damage to the canal will not exceed four hum'
dred dollars. This we venture to say is un ,
precedented-in the history of canals in tht
State.
A Good Peospect. — Amador Dispatch, Feb. 6-
We were shown a prospect of nice looking
coarse gold, on Mondny last, of the value o
about six dollars, which, we were inforrrjftflt]
was the product of eight pans of dirt, taket!
from the Gold Hill gravel claim, on Stony
Creek, owned by the Morrow Brothers, ant!
adjoining the claim owned by Messrs. Buti
held, Ryan and others. The claim contai
about 40 acres of ground, the larger portion
which is covered with gravel from five to fo:
feet in depth.
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
San Beuno. — Calaveras Chronicle, Feb.
The underground hoisting works of the S|
Bruno mine at Mosquito, mention of whii
has previously been made in our
umns, were started recently. The machim
works admirably, and the experiment is a coi
plete success. Rapid progress is being mad'
in developing the mine. The shaft sunk fron
the bottom of the lower level, is now ow
forty feet deep. The ledge shows three fee-
thick, and the ore is very rich. But litfli
water is encountered. Levels will be started
at the depth of sixty feet and the mill set B
work upon the rock.
West Point Disteict.— ^The Enterprise Con
solidated mill is pounding away steadily, i
14-foot huddle has been added to the amal
gamating department. The mine holds on
well and there is no doubt of its being a pay
ing one of large capacity. The Haskin's mine
at Big Flat, is turning out rioher ore than tha
crushed last which milled $140 per ton. Th
quantity is also increasing. The Josephine i
also assuming the position of a No. 1 mim Ji.j
The ore is improving in depth, vein over 6 fee
in width low. The Ramcat Co., are putthv >
mi
bra
■i1 1 ■
h j;
ted st
up an overshot wheel for hoisting purposes
A whim has been put up on the Modoc. Th
old works are nearly repaired when sinkim teof^
will be resumed. The Zacatero Co. are rfi|»
idly restoring confidence by settling up thei
debts; the mine shows well and will regain it
reputation under proper management. Th1?1'
winze of the Hillary tunnel in the Lone Sta
ledge shows five feet of solid milling, ore.
ELDORADO COUNTY.
Impoetant Discovery. — El Dorado Repvbl
can, Feb. 4: Another new industry and min
of wealth has been developed in El Dorad
county. It has long been known that \f
possess one of the best marble quarries in th
United St tes, and that at no distant day
will prove a real "bonanza" to its owners, an
add greatly to the wealth of the county. Bt
it has not been known until within the pai
few weoks that we could produce roofing slab
equal to the best productions of other com
tries. This is now an established fact, havic
been practically demonstrated. Mr. W. (
IS
Mia
-■'-,■
*t:i:..
i'ebruary 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
101
bomaa, late of Nashville. Todd., a practical
orker in plate, has located two ledges, in com-
iny with gentlemen of capital, which prom-
B rich rewards. One of these ledges is sitn-
ed at the south end of Chili Bar bridge, about
/% miles north from this city, and has been
irly opened and tested, and proves to be first
Some eight or ten men have been em-
oyed npon it for some time. We were shown
copies of it on Tnesday that were 'very fine.
ne lot that would square about 8x10 inches,
insisting of twelve sheet-*, when placed lo-
th* r as they were before splitting, were just
kinchin tMckness.being one-twelfth of an inch
the hheet, and each sheet was nearly as even
id perfect as a pane of glass. Another lot, but
rger, were equally perfect, though all were in
e rough.
IYO COUNTY.
Fhoh Coso. — Inyo Independent, Jan. 30:
ewrs. Colby, Jewett and Brundage bring fa-
>rable news from New Coso. Several h lin-
ed men are on the ground and new discov-
iea are constantly being made. About two
lies from the first locations some leads of
illing ore have been found t-imilar to those of
.ntimiut. The specimens shown us by Mr.
nndage look quite as well as auy ore we have
m from that place. Those familiar with the
es of the celebrated Union mine at Cerro
Drdo say it is impossible to distinguish it
>m ore of that mine. The formation in
lich this mine is found is precisely similar,
t is more favorably situated for work and
stly lareer. The measurements of the U. S.
eputy Mineral Surveyor give it a width of 196
et. A cut or tunnel is now being ran across
with a view to better ascertain the solidity
^d continuity of the vein and character of the
e.
Ceeeo Gordo. — There is not much doing in
e way of mining. Mr. Hamilton, of the
Hishey Company, with Thos. Passmore,
me up in the storm to pay Mr. Crapo for the
aushey Tunnel and some seven or eight other
3ges on Boena Vista Hill, the titles of which
mid seem to have been involved in a dispute.
ie Potosi Tunnel is still progressing slowly.
PANAMraT — Cor. White Pine News: Jones &
ewart are putting up concentrating works,
itch will reduce their shipping ores from ten
ns to one, and the concentrated metal will
say as high as one dollar per pound, or $2,000
ir ton. Their present shipping ore, assorted,
tips $500, consequently the concentrated sul-
lates will certainly reach $4,000 per ton.
There are a great number of mines here
lowing prospectively as well as the best, (al-
iys excepting the Jacob's Wonder), owned by
trties here and in San Francisco. I look for
rge New York capital to be invested here as
on as Jones & Co. prove the country a suc-
ss.
Mining Contracts. — Panamint News. Jan.
a Several contracts have been entered into
r different parties on the Stewart's Wonder,
ie of the series of the Wonder Consolidated
ines lately put upon the San Francisco Stock
oard. Cullen & Co. have contracts Nos. 1
id 2, and began work on the 21st of January
st. They employ eight men. In the upper
nnel (No. 1) they have run a distance of
rty feet, are in good ore, the vein being the
idth of the tunnel and looking well. Four
en are employed in this tunnel. In the mid-
e tunnel (No. 2) four men are employed, but
icy have run only twenty-two feet, the rock
ling mnch harder than in No. 1. Contract
o. 3 is taken by Peak & Connelly, and they
■re at work in the lower tunnel of the Wonder
nploying fifteen men. We understand a num-
>r of other contracts have been entered into
¥ other parties on the Company's mines.
AKE COUNTY.
New Discovery. — Lake County Bee, Feb. 4:
. M. Davis and D. W. Lilly have discovered a
ew mine in Mysterious Valley, near the boun-
ary line between Lake and Napa counties.
.n assay of the rock shows 26 per cent, copper,
per cent, gold, and 12 per cent, silver. They
ave taken up claims on the lode.
IENDOCINO COUNTY.
Potter Valley Mines. — Mendocino Dispatch,
feb. 6: The mining excitement in Potter Val-
>y is running high. They have found gold,
™Wer, and may be, quicksilver. It is said
.ere is not a foot of the hills surrounding the
alley north, east, west, or south — but what has
een staked off for a mining claim.
EVADA COUNTY.
Manzanita Mine. — Transcript, February 6:
Pe made a visit to the Manzanita mineyester-
ay, and found everthing progressing finely.
.ny one desiring to see the bed of an ancient
fiver can do so by visiting the Manzauita.
there is over GOO feet of the channel now
Ipened out and ready for work. A hundred
pet of this channel used to yield $50,000. It
fe thought the ground at present is as rich as it
Fas in early days; but the Superintendent, to
be within bounds, estimates 100 feet will yield
130,000. At that rate— and there is no doubt
lat it will be greater— the ground now uncov-
ered will pan out $200,000. On the south end
h the mine there are two pipes running, and
>ver a thousand inches of water used. On the
lorth end workmen are engaged in drifting. It
s intended to drift through the gap east of the
iugar Loaf hill, instead of washing the whole
urface. In these drifts the gravel is very rich.
The gravel taken out in running one foot will
field $50. Over a thousand dollars was taken
>ut in going ahead ten feet. The tunnel and
Irifts are now in about 160 feet. The Manza-
lita mine is without doubt to-day the best
jravel mine in the country. It is just being
>pefued and beginning now lo show what it is,
and it is also proving what others are most in-
terested in — which way the channel rnns.
New York Hill Mine. — We believe the late
A. Delano owned 800 out of 1,000 shares in the
New York Hill mine. The fstate was badly
involved, bnt there is no doubt now but the
mine will bring everything opt right. We hear
it ia the intention of the executors to put
enough stock on the market to pay off the in-
debtedness. It is sending out the riohest rock
ever taken out in the district, and there seems
to be any quantity of it.
Mining Situation. — Grass Vulley Union: The
mining situation of Grass Valley district, is
rangnificently improving. The prospectors are
out and are buny, and general success will stim-
ulate them to a continuance of enterprise
throughout the coming summer. The older
mires are generally doing well.
The Idaho is oponing on the 8th level in good
ore and a large ledge.
New York mine continues to have splendid
ore. The ledge is from two and a half to three
ft in thickness.
In the Omaha mine the pumps were started
np on Thursday last, and in about two weeks
the mine will be clear out of water.
The Pittsburg is still sending out rich ore.
The best judges estimate that the ore will pay
not less than $100 to the ton by mill process.
The owners are now preparing to put up steim
hoistiug and pumping machinery.
- The Empire has greatly improved. The
yield last month was about $22,000 in gold,
which gives a profit to the owners.
Machinery for hoisting and pumping purposes
is being put up by the Orleans company. The
machinery is heavy enough to sink more than
a thousand feet
Rich Gravel. — We understand the Nebras-
ka has struck rich dirt. The mine is on the
north side and adjoins the Manzanita olaim.
The Manzanita is on the ancient river channel.
The owners are now following that channel
through the gap east of the Sugar Loaf. Very
rich dirt has been found in the drifts during
the past two months. The Nebraska Company
has been trying to get on the same lead, and
we believe have now accomplished it. The
gravel found will pay twelve dollars to the
pan.
The Mines. — There is plenty of water for
mining purposes just now, and the weather is
favorable to mining. We understand that all
the mines on the ridge are running and doing
well. The same is the case about here, in
Little York Township, and other places we
hear of. Thus far the usual amount of gold
has not been taken out, and unless more rains
come between now 'and Spring, the season's
yield will be much less ^than usual. Quartz
mines are all doing well, for what is unfavor-
able to the hydraulic claims is the contrary
with them . There is work going on in nearly
all of them, and the proceeds are generally
satisfactory. Prospecting is going on in differ-
ent parts of the county, and some good things
have been struck. Much more of the kind
will be going on when the weather becomes
settled. We are ready and anxious to chron-
icle any rich discoveries.
PLACER COUNTY.
$6.75 Chtnk. -Placer Herald, Feb. 6: While
Boad Master Burke was engaged in repairing
the damage done to the bridge on Grass Valley
street, this last week, he found, while digging
the dirt from the bents, a lump of the root of
evil, worth $6.75. Who says the dirt in our
streets is not mixed with gold?
Sale of Mining Ground. — We understand
that J. B. Hobson, who owns a fine farm about
three miles northeast of Auburn, has sold a
gravel mound on his place, to some San Fran-
cisco parties for about $5,000. The parties
have bought the mound for its mineral value,
and intend to mine it by the hydraulic process,
as soon as they can dig ditches, build flumes,
etc., to carry water to the ground. This mound
has been prospected in years gone by, and is
known to be rich, and would doubtless have
been mined out long ago, only for the great
expense of getting water. The ground lies
high and dry, and water has been the obstacle;
but as in this case, as in many others, this ob-
stacle will disappear before the power of capi-
tal. The cost of the ground is but a small
fraction of what the cost to bring in water will
be; but the purchasers seem satisfied that the
richness of the ground will fully warrant them
in making all necessary outlays for its success-
ful working. _
Iowa Hill. — Cor. PJiacer Argus, February 6:
Already the benefits'" of the canal are to be seen.
Burwell, Fuller & Co., the Enterprise Co., S.
R. Kidder, and the Morning Star Co. have all
been washing, and are apparently well satisfied
with the result of their work. The Morning
Star claim is undoubtedly the star claim of
Iowa Hill. It has all of the modern improve-
ments, and is fixed up in a style second to none
in the State. It has a pressure of 500 feet,
which forces 1,000 inches of water through a
five inch nozzle. The sound of this powerful
stream as it strikes the bank resembles the
rumbling of distant thunder, and it crushes the
cemented gravel apparently as easy as if it was
ordinary dirt. The main flume across the
canon, belonging to this company, commenced
settling the night before last, when it became
blocked with dirt. The water ran over the
sides, undermining the flume almost its entire
length, and precipitating it into the canon be-
low. This will delay the company about 4
week, and put them to considerable expense.
We felt two shocks of an earthquake in this vi-
cinity between 3 and 4 A. m., on the 24th Qi the
present monjfch; the vibrations were from south
to north. The shock cracked tfeo daq} of thej
Iowa Hill Canal Company's reservoir at Fish
and Brown's ranch, and the water trunk was
crushed in the same night, so badly that they
can get no water out of their reservoir except
by digging a ditch through the upper portion
of the dam, and lowering the reservoir by de-
grees. This makes it bad for the canal com-
pany and the miners. Mrs. Hill has com-
menced suit against the canal company for
damages (the amount I have Dot learned),
claiming that the reservoir obstructs her water
rights in Shirt-Tail Canon. The suit will not
only be of local interest, but it will attract the
attention of miners throughout the State.
Should Mrs. Hill get judgment against the
company for damages, the ground that has
lately been located by J. H. Neff & Co., for the
retaining of surplus water, will have to da aban-
doned, and all similar enterprises will havo to
come to a stand-still.
PLUMAS COUNTY-
Items — Plumas National, Jan. 30: The East
Branch Ditch Company came out lucky, the
flood having damaged them but little.
Tom. Jolly & Co. lost part of their flume in
Willow Creek by the high water.
The Baker mine, at Cherokee, is producing
some good rock. Gre *g is at work on the Ket-
tle ledge at Round valley.
The Indian Valley company, at Greenville,
have suspended operations for the present.
The Taylor Brothers struck a vein of quartz,
about eighteen inches wide, directly back of
their house at Crescent, which is very rich in
free gold. The specimens, it is said, show
splendidly.
SISKIYOU COUNTY.
Mining on the Klamath.— From Supervisor
Pickens we learn that there will probably be a
great deal more mining done the coming sea-
sou at Oak Bar and between there and the
mouth of Horse Creek, than there has been any
ssason yet. Quite a number of claims have
been taken up and prospected enough to justify
their owners in going ahead and opening them.
The stretch of river from the mouth of Horse
creek to the mouth of Scott river, along which
several claims were opened in the summer of
1873, has been abandoned entirely. The claims
taken up and opened that season, did not pay.
SONOMA COUNTY.
Our Mining Interests. — Sonoma Democrat
Feb. 6: There is an activity beyond expectation
in developing the mines in this county. Inyo
district, within a few miles of Healdsburg, of
which a notice appears elsewhere, is proving
ver/rich. In Pine Flat important works are
in progress. Near Cloverdale and at Guerne-
ville there are new discoveries and work is
being vigorously prosecuted on old locations.
The Star Mine. — We met on Tuesday, Sam-
uel Foster, President of the Star quicksilver
mining company, Inyo district. Tfie owners
of this promising mine organized the company
in December last, purchasing afterwards an ad-
joining claim, which gives them 3,000 feet
upon the ledge next adjoining the Chapman
mine. CapUin Eastman, the Superintendent,
is now working two shifts of men in a tunnel on
the ledge. We were shown by Mr. Foster, rock
of excellent promise from this tunnel. A
quantity of bowlders and float, carrying ore in
paying quantity, has been broken and is now
on the dump. There is no difficulty in the
matter of titles in Inyo district, a fact which
adds greatly to the value of its mines.
TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
The Mine. — Union Democrat February 6:
Eeports from the Booita and other mines in
that locality of the North Fork of the Tuolumne
river continue to be favorable. The prospect is
that large and continuous ledges of gold bear-
ing ore of sufficient richness to pay a handsome
profit will be developed. Ore of the same char-
acter has been found in several claims which
goes to show there is one large lead of a very
valuable character running through that region.
Our best mining men think very highly of the
prospect and predict that the district will attract
much attention the coming season. The
effect of proper development is the cause, in a
measure, for bringing these mines to notice. If
the same course was pursued on other leads in
the county it is not unreaso table to presume
similar results would be obtained, and our
mining interests given a status to which they
should be entitled.
We understand the "Tom Evans'* mine is
ab>ut to change hands as negotiations are
pending for its sale. Our opinion is that when
this property passes out of his hands Mr.
E*vans will have " let a valuable bird go," and
the idea, no doubt, striking him in the same
place, may account, in a measure, for his. indif-
ference as to sale.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Ophir.— Virginia Enterprise, February 6:
The usual quality and quantity of ore
is being extracted from the stopes on the
1465, 1366 and 1300-ft levels and the mills are
all in full operation. The cross-cut going
east near the California line, on the 1366-ft
level is passing through alternate strata of
porphyry and very rich ore. This appears to
be the west side of an ore body lying a consid-
erable distance east of where any ore has yet
been found in the mine.
California.— The work of cross-cutting in
No. 2 on the 1500-ft level is progressing slowly,
as the rock passed through is very hard blasting
and will take Borne time to reach the ore body.
Cross- cut' $0. 3 on this level is now in the ore
vein, which looks very flattering and is of high
grade. Cross-cut No. 1 from the southern
bonndary still continues in high grade ore.
The came can be said of the north drift on the
1550-ft level, which is now in the vein over 80
feet. Cross-cut No. 1 on the 1400-ft level has
got into the east portion of the vein. The face
of the drift is in splendid ore. The vein is
firm, hard and well-defined, and indications are
very flattering. All of the various drifts of de-
velopment are looking well.
Cons. Virginia. — Notwithstanding the de-
pression in the market, the "Pet of the Corn-
stock" continues to hoist her 400 tons of ore
daily, with assays of Buch richness as to sur-
prise the world, and producing in bullion for
the month jnst ending over $1,000,000. The
work of sinking the doubje winze is progress-
ing as fast as circumstances will permit. Cross-
cut No. 1 on the 1000-ft level is now in nearly
110 ft and still in ore of great value. The ore
breasts on all the levels continue to improve,
and everything abont the mine runs smoothly.
The new mill works well, crushing about 230
tons daily. The joint C. and C. shaft has now
attained a depth of nearly 160 ft, and is being
substantially timbered.
Belcher. — Very fair progress is being made
at sinking the main incline, notwithstanding
the hard rock in the present bottom. The
drift east on the 1500-ft level is still in the west
country rock. The winzes on the 1400-ft level
are still in ore. The new air shaft will be fin-
ished to the 850 ft level next week. They have
also begun raising on the shaft at the 1000-ft
level. The work is being pushed as rapidly as
possible. The daily yield of the mine is 500
tons of ore.
Dayton. — Sinking the main shaft, three
compartments, is progressing at the rate of two
ft per day. The south drift, near the Kossuth
line, is still going ahead in ore, but it is of a
grade too low to pay for milling. This drift is
being advanced at the rate of four ft per day.
The mill is running as usual on the reserve of
ore hauled to it before the storms had rendered
the roads impassable.
Lady Bryan. — The main west drift from the
new shaft is fast approaching to the old works,
as also are its two branches. The distance to
the old works is now about 60 ft. At the 80-ft
level some good ore has been found in cross-
cutting west from the main south drift. This
ore is of the same character as that mined
from the open cut on the surface and will mill
$30 to $35 per ton.
Hale & Norcross. — The west drift on the
2100-ft level has been extended several ft and
is now in nearly 150 ft, passing through low
grade quartz. The south drift on this level is
passing through nearly the same material as
that found in the west drift. A fair quantity
of ore is being found on the 11th station.
Caledonia.— -The working station at the
1076-ft level is making good progress and is
now in a distance of 80 ft, all the way in vein
matter. The two-compartment ore and waste
chute started from this level is up 30 ft and is
being pushed upward to the point where it
will intersect the incline.
Overman. — The main drift at the 1100-ft
level is being pushed west for the vein as rap-
idly as possible. . The winze to connect with
this dritt is making good progress.
Julia. — Promising bunches of quartz aie
still being cut in the main south drift on the
1000-ft level.
Senator. — Are drifting south on the 400-ft
level in quartz of a favorable character, with
some water coming in at the face of the drift.
Phil. Sheridan. — Main west drift going
ahead, and a winze is being sunk below it to
develop the good ore streak already met with.
Woodville. — There has been a considerable
improvement in the north drift on the 300-foot
level. The ore body has now attained a width
of five feet. Sufficient ore is being extracted to
keep the mill steadily employed.
Justice, — It is expected that good bodies' 'of
ore will be found when cross-cutting shall
have been commenced.
Union Consolidated. — The crosscut east from
the main north drift is steadily advanced in
favorable material.
Mexican. — The face of the north drift on
the 1465-ft level is still in ore from- which
assays of from $40 to $50 are obtained.' The
indications are that a body of ore' will be
reached by this drift at no distant day.
Columbia.— Are putting up their hoisting,
works and will have their engine running about
the last of next week.
Gould and Curry.— Good progress is being
made in the work of raising the two unfinished
compartments from the eighth to the tenth
stations. The drift south from the double
winze has been extended several feet, and is
now in 70 feet
Iowa.— The main shaft is down 208 ft., which
is as deep as it will be sunk until hoisting ma-
chinery is obtained. The required machinery
has been ordered and is now ready to be ship-
ped.
Best and Belcher. — The drift on the 1,700-ft.
level is being pushed forward as fast as possible,
and it is expected to soon connect with a drift
on the same level with the Gould and Curry,
when better ventilation can be had and the
work of development commenced in earnest.
The material passed through is still clay, por-
phyry, and quartz of a low grade.
Chollab-Potosi. — Nothing is now being
done in the ore-producing seotions, as the roads
are in such a condition that no hauling can be
done.. The drift south on the 1,100-ft. level is
being advanced in hard porphyry.
Yellow Jacket.— The main incline is down
190 ft. below the 1,740-ft. level, at which point
some water is encountered.
102
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 13, 1875
Continued from Page 98.
are too small to fall rapidly and which do not
collide and aggregate with others, are to a great
extent carried off as a dust. Nothing is more
difficult than to filter very fine dust effectually
on a large scale from a current of gas,_ as has
been proved over and over again in the
attempts made to catch the fume from silver-
smelting furnaces. How much suoh fume is
formed in quicksilver smelting must depend on
various circumstances, but the formation of
soot in the condensers is sure to be accom-
panied by a loss in this way, for the metal
which is separated out at the same time as the
soot will, to some extent, be coated by non-
metallio impurities and rendered incapable of
running together into larger drops.
The metallic mercury obtained from the con-
deners rarely needs any refining. Dirt mixed
with it is readily extracted by filtering through
cloth or leather, and it is then simply weighed
out and bottled up in flasks ready for market.
The metallurgy of quicksilver is thus, as you
perceive, comparatively simple, consisting
essentially of but a single and by no means
complicated precess. The working of quick-
silver ores is unquestionably susceptible of
great improvements, but it is only lately that
a sufficient number of cinnabar mines have
been known to give employment to more tban
an exceedingly small number of technologists.
In the future emulation and competion will
probably produce rapid advances.
I shall finish the hour with a few remarks on
Fuel.
Fuel is of enormous importance in metallurgy.
In other branches there is, of course, a choice
in fuel, but principally with reference to its
heating power; while in metallurgy its chem-
ical composition, its purity, its specific gravity,
the firmness of its texture, are all matters of the
greatest weight. Some fuels are used as they
are found in nature, such as wood, peat, brown
coal or lignite, soft coal, anthracite and petro-
leum. Others are artificially prepared, such
as charcoal, coke and gas. All these species of
fuel are originally derived from vegetable fiber,
except such petroleum as has arisen from the
decomposition of animal matter, and
are, consequently, composed of the same
constituents as wood fiber, though the propor-
tion of those constituents depend on the con-
ditions to which the material has been exposed.
"Wood fiber consists of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen. One-half the fiber by weight is car-
bon and the remainder consists of oxygen and
hydrogen in the same proportions in which
they exist in water, which, of course, is the
oxide of hydrogen. When wood fiber is heated
without the access of air these relations are
altered; a portion of the hydrogen and oxygen
unite, forming water; the remainder ot each
forms compounds with a small part of the
carbon, and, if the process is carried far enough,
almost perfectly pure carbon or charcoal is left
behind. When wood fiber is buried in wet
ground, changes exceedingly similar take place,
though vastly more slowly, the oxygen and hy-
drogen leaving the carbon, but at different rates,
the oxygen going much faster. This appears
to be because the compounds of oxygen and
carbon are either gaseous or soluble in water,
while the greater \ roportion of those of carbon
and hydrogen are tarry substances, neither vol-
atile at the ordinary temperatures nor soluble.
Nevertheless, in time the carbon is left almost
pure. It does not, indeed, resemble charcoal
in appearanc as closely as in chemical compo-
sition, for ages of pressure, during its forma-
tion, have compacted it into a very dense mass,
which we call hard coal or anthracite. Between
the wood fiber and anthracite in age and in
chemical composition come the other mineral
fuels — peat, lignite and soft coal.
Heating Power of Fuel.
The heating power of fuel is of two kinds,
quantitative and qualitative. Th.e quantitative
heating power of a fuel may be measured by
the weight of water which the combustion of
one pound will raise to the boiling point. The
qualitative heating power is the temperature
which it will give when burning. Thus we
might not be able to melt copper with a certain
kind of fuel, no matter how much of it we
burned, though the quantity of heat would de-
pend only on the amount of it consumed, while
another fuel would melt far more infusible
substances. The quantity and the quality
of heat stand in very close relation to one
another in the following way: The heat
produced by combustion is imparted directly
to the products of combustion, and these
products must have the temperature of the
burning body. It must, for example, be just
as hot on one-hundredth of an inch above the
point of a flame as at the point of the flame
itself. Now, when gaseous or other bodies are
heated, the heat is used up in two distinct wa> s;
physical changes, especially expansion, take
place, and a portion of the heat is used up in
producing these effects, while the remainder
shows itself as sensible heat or temperature.
Different bodies require very different quanti-
ties of beat to produce these chaDges, and of
all bodies, except hydrogen, water uses up most
heat in rising from one temperature to another.
But the products of the combn-tion of wood
fiber and the substances derived from it aie
carbonic acid and water, the former being the
result of the union of the carbon of the fiber with
the oxygen of the air, aud the latter of the
union of the hydrogen wiih the oxygen, either
of the air, or of the fuel itsrlf, whf-n the latter
coutaius a sufficient quantity. Hence two furls
with equal quantative heating powers, one of
which produced a larger and the other a
Bmaller amount of Water in burniug, would
give very different qualitative heating effects
or maximum temperatures; that which pro-
duced the least water giving the highest degree
of beat. The quantitative heating power of
different bodies such as carbon, hydrogen, etc.,
is known from experiment, and we are, conse-
quently, in a position to say very closely from
analysis, what will be the amount and the de-
gree of heat which any untried fuel will give.
The quantity of heat produced by the union of
one pound of hydrogen with oxygenis four and
a half times as great as that produced by the
union of one pound of carbon with oxygen, but,
because the product of the combustion of hy-
drogen, water, absorbs so much heat when
raised to the temperature of combustion, com-
pared with the amount absorbed by carbonic
acidj'the temperature produced by the combus-
tion of the carbon is two and a half times as
great as that accompaning the combustion of
hydrogen.
.Besides the amount and degree of heat which
can be obtained from a fuel, several other prop-
erties have to be considered in estimating its
usefulness for a given purpose. The amouut
of moisture which it contains when air dried is
a very important consideration. Very many
substances contain moisture which can only be
diiven out at a comparatively high tempera-
ture. That woolen cloths, for instance, though
apparently dry, becomes damp when brought
close to a hot fire, is a matter of common obser-
vation. Wood contains 80 per cent, of moisture,
when air dried, that can only be driven out by ex-
posure to a heat equal to that of boiling water.
Peat and lignite, or brown coal, commonly
contain about the same amount, while true
coals contain very little, often no more than
one per cent.
Amount of Ash.
The amount of ash contained in fuels is very
variable. Wood contains but one per cent,
while how much the mineral coals contain
depends on the circumstances under which
they have been deposited. One of the com-
monest and most deleterious mineral admix
turesin the deposits is iron pyrites— a sulphide
of iron. When fuel contaioing this mineral is
employed, for instance, in iron or copper
smelting, the sulphur enters the metal to its
great detriment, while in silver smelting it
helps form a "matte" and thus causes loss of
metal and increased complexity in the smelting
operations. It has another property which
has proved especially disastrous lo San Fran-
cisco during the past year. Under the com-
bined iofluence of air and water, it oxidises to
green vitrol. This change is really «ombustion
aud is attended by the evolution of a large
amount of heat. II besides the conditions nee
essary to oxidation, those necessary to the re-
tention of heat are present — if the fuel is in a
large mass, and confined, say in the hold of a
ship, a temperature is reached, after a time, at
which the coal will ignite. This is probably
the cause of the loss of every one of the coal
ships, which have failed to reach San Francis-
co during the past year. In a case that has
come to my knowledge recently, the ship was
tight, but the coal was wet when loaded. The
ship just escaped by keeping the hatches open
during the whole voyage. But vessels com-
monly leak more or less, aud it is not always
possible to keep the hatches open. The condi-
tions cf the oxidation point to the method of
obviating these misfortunes. If the hold wer
built into the ship in such a way as to leave an
empty space between its walls and the sides of
the ship, and this space were kept well pumped
out, cargoes of dry coal would be as safe as
wheat cargeos. Wet coal a ship owner should
shun as he would a mixed load of petroleum
and matches. The climate in which a vessel
Bails makes little difference in the danger. This
same property of pyrites has led to the ignition
of many coal mines in Europe and America,
to the destruction of hundreds of millions
worth of property. Another important property
of- fuel is its coherence. Many sorts of
brown coal, more particularly, falls to pieces
on drying and will bear next to no trans-
portation. Some lignites and some anthracites
fall to powder when heated, thus choking the
draught and causing much waste of fuel by
dropping through the grate.
Flame.
One more property connected with the chem,"
ical constitution cf fuels has much influence in
controlling the use to which it is put —the
length of the flame it gives. Fuel containing
hydrogen in combination, when it is suddenly
heated, evolves gasous products, conipou nds
of hydrogen and carbon, which are partly of. a
tarry nature and partly identical with illumina-
ting gas. These gases burn as fast as they get
to the air, but, as their bulk is considerable,
they are swept to some distance from 4he solid
fuel before being entirely consumed. Hence,
ansf s a flame, such as we get from soft coal or
wood. Carbon, uncombined with hydrogen,
on the other hand, combines with oxygen when
there is air enough present without going
through an intermediate gaseous condition. If
there is a want of air, as there always is in
spots in a fire, the carbon com bices in part with
only half the oxygen which is necessary to the
formation of carbonic acid. This half oxidized
carbon is the poisonous gas known as carbonic
oxide, but, as in ordinary tires, there is always
a surplus of air present, comparatively little
carbonic oxide is found aud this is almost im-
mediately burned to carbonic acid with the
short blue flame we are accustomed to see in
htrd coal fires.
With the-^e general fact? respecting the nature
of fuel in mm 1, it will be necessary ' for me to
say but a few words about each separate spe-
cies of natural fuel.
Wood.
Wood is the purest of fuels, and, neglecting
the single per cent, of ash, contains in an air
dried condition, 40 per cent, carbon, 4.0 per
cent, combined oxygen and hydrogen, in the
proportions in which they exist in water, and
20 per cent, of moisture. The hydrogen and
oxygen being already in combination with each
other, though, also, with a third substance, pass
off in combustion as water, but produce no
heat in doing so. In sudden burning, indeed,
part of these elements form volatile carbon
compounds, whence the flame of wood; but
they ultimately unite again and the amount of
heat obtained ia the same as if they had existed
in the wood as moisture. Hence wood has
comparatively a very small heating power.
Peat.
Peat is the most recent of fofsil fuels and is
certainly very inferior, containing generally from
6-12 per cent, of ash and sometimes as much
as 50 per cent., a larger proportion of which is
often phosphorus and sulphur, the banes of the
metallurgist, especially the iron master.
Nevertheless, it is often of great service in
regions where coal is scarce, and, by use for
gas production, of which I shall speak pres-
ently, may, even when exceptionally poor, be
made to do work which, but a lew years since,
the best of coal could not accomplish. The
peats formed from the woody fiber of marsh
grasses, shrubs and roots by a sort of partial
decay under exclusion of the air, vary in ap-
pearance from a very light, almost white color,
with unmistakable organic structure, through
yellow and brown to pitch black, with no trace
of organism. Wheu firm enough the peat is
simply cut out of the bog in blocks and. dried
in the air; when too loose in structure it is
pressed or cut up by machinery and thus com-
pacted. The hydroscopic moisture in peat is
enormous, sometimes reaching 80 per cent.,
and when it is used for metallurgical purposes
it is generally artificially dried. The substance
of the peat contains more carbon than wood,
and less oxygen, and the better sorts have con-
siderably more heatiug power.
Lignite. -
Brown coal or lignite, the only sort of coal
found in this part of the United States, also
varies much in appearance. It contains more
carbon and less oxygen than peat, and has a
considerably greater heating power. The large
amount of moisture it contains, and generally
its tendency to disintegrate injure its useful-
ness. Occasionally very small quantities of
lignite are found which are indistinguishable
from true coal, but these are only exceptional
portions of deposits which have been particu-
larly favored in their development. A peculiar
odor accompanies the burning of brown coal,
quite different from that produced by true coal,
and its chemical behavior is also quite dis-
tinct. This is particularly the case with nitric
acid, which turns brown coal into a yellow gum,
while it scarcely affects the more completely
fossilized fuel.
True Coals.
True coals are classified in a variety of ways
for different purposes, such as coking and
non-coking; bituminous, semi-bituminous and
hard, and so on. Its most important properties
to the metallurgist are its capacity or the want
of it, to form solid cokes and the length of the
flame it gives. In a shaft furnace we cannot
use strongly coking coals, for tho!=e under .he
influence of heat, develop readily decomposable
compounds of hydrogen and carbon, which de-
posit their carbon again in such a way as to
run the whole mass of fuel into a lump impen-
etrable by draught. In a shaft or cupola fur-
nace, therefore, only anthracite or semi-bitu-
minous coal can be burned. The semi-bitu-
minous coal is, for the same reason, more con-
venient in a grate. The heating power of coal
varies from 75-96 per cent, of that of pure
carbon. Long flaming coal is needful in rever-
beratory furnaces, or in any apparatus where
the object to be heated is wholly or partly at
some distance from the incandescent coal. In-
asmuch as the heat is distributed by the gradual
combustion of the gases developed in the long
flaming coal, of course it is less intense at the
grate than where it is produced by an equiva-
ent fuel giving but a short flame.
The necessity of having for cupola and cru-
cible furnaces a fuel which will give out as
much of its heat as possible in its own imme-
diate neighborhood, combined with a desire for a
fuel possessing a great qnantitive and qulitative
heating power leads to the artificial carboniza-
tion of wood and coal. By subjecting these
substances to a high degree of heat with the
partial or total exclusion of air, the water, the
oxygen and the hydrogen, are driven off and
nearly pure carbon remains, which gives
a great heat and little flame.
Charcoal.
Charcoal burning is usually done iu rather a
rough way, because, as only about % of the
the weight of the wood is obtained as charcoal,
it is cheaper to make the coal where the trees
are cut; and, of course the supply in any one
spot is very limited. The sticks of wood are
commonly piled on end, about a hollow box,
which serves as a chimney, until a lav^e heap
of nearly bemispheiioal shape is formed. This
is covered with eod and earth well beaten down
and lighted from one or more sides. By means
of holes made in the covering, sufficient air is
admitted to maintain a slow combustion, a p iTt
of the wood being thus consumed to distill off
the volatile matter from the remainder. Tbe
progress of the burning is easily told by the
color of the smoke, etc., and regulated by
closing or opening holes in the covering^
—— :
When the whole mass is turned to charcoal all
openings are care fully close and the mass
allowed to cool.
Since mineral coal occurs in immense masses)
permanent arrangements can be made for turn-jj
ing it into coke, commonly near the mouth oil
the main shaft of a mine. A great variety ofj
furnaces have been used for this purpose, bflfl
those most approved to-day are long,i
horizontal passages, closed by doors at eachl
end, and provided with flues in the sidewallsl
running the whole length of the furnace and-
opening into it. A block of such %irnaces are)
built together. When the furnace is in regular*
working, it is red hot at the time of charging.)
The heat develops gas in the charge of coalandi
the gas passes into the flues. These connect*
with the open air by dampers, or an equiva-i
lent, and with a chimnry, as well as with thei
furnace. By allowing air to enter the flues thei
gas is burned there in the walls of the furnace/
thus maintaining its heat, and the distillatiom
is by this means continued until the coal haat
all become coke. The doors of the furnace1
are then opened and the whole mass of coka
is pushed out by machinery and quenched with!
water. Brown coal and peat can only be coked
with special precautions aud at great expense,
and the attempt is hence rarely made.
Fires in Grates.
The combustion of fuel on a grate is at the
best but a very imperfect operation. If we ad-
mit just air enough to consume the fuel, the
lumps are sure to be so arranged that an excess
of oxygen is present at some points and toe
little at others; consequently we get imperfect
combustion and smoke, and, at the same time,
have unconsumed air to be heated at the cost
of fuel. All the water present, either in a free
or combined state, must be evaporated and
heated to the temperature of the furnace, and
the fire is capable of very little regulation
When the fuel is fine, or poor, these difficul-
ties are magnified; a point soon comes when
they areunsurmountable, and a material known
to have great heating power in it, must be re-
jected for burning purposes.
Gas.
The greatest improvement of the century ii
metallurgy was the introduction of the use o:
gas to overcome these difficulties. As we havt
already seen, carbon combines with oxygen U
carbonic oxide, if but little oxygen is present
and this gas again combines with oxygen tc
carbonic acid, if it gets an opportunity. By
piling a deep grate two or three feet deep witl
fuel, or, what amounts to the same thing, fill
ing alow cupola furnace with fuel and allowing
no access of air from above, we get the condi
tions needful for the production of carbonic
oxide. At the same time we avoid any supers
fluous supply of air; the water, however, is disi
tilled in the same way as in an ordinary grate!
By cooling the gas down, either by passage
through a long pipe, or through something liki'
a low pressure steam engine condenser, thd
water may be precipitated and a dry gas obi
tained. If this gas be now admitted into t
furnace with air sufficient to burn it we g
smokeless flame, containing little or no waten
and capable of regulation by turning darnpere
just as easily as a gas jet. It in addition, w
force the air and the gas, after it has bee)
cooled to precipitate the water it carries, to g<
through a heating apparatus aflame of the uti
most intensity can be produced — an intensify
quite unattainable by the ordinary imperfeft
combustion of coal.
It will probably occur to you that much heal,
must be used up in the conversion of the car<
bon in the gas producer into carbonic oxidt
gas, and there certainly is; but the combustio!
of carbon to carbonic oxide develops much les
than a third of the heat liberated when carboi
burns to carbonic acid, and, consequently, w
have over two-thirds of the potential heat o
the fuel employed disposible in the furnace
while the mechanical conditions in the ordin
ary furnace are so inferior that even with gooi
fuel there is a large gain in reducing the carbo)
to a gaseous form. When when we come to ix
ferior fuels, the advantage is simply infinite
for, so far has the art been developed, nc
only with coal, or even with peat, but with saw
dust a heat can be produced with whie
wrought iron can be melted like lead, while th
utmost that an ordinary furnace with the ver;
best of English coal can do is to make it some
what sticky.
I recommend the subject of heating with ge
most especially to your attention. Californi;
is unfavorably situated with regard to fuel, an>
if, as no doubt will be the case, this become
a manufacturing country, the use of gas wil
assume a greater importance here than it ha
as yet done in any country.
Montana Mining Decision, — The Secretar-
of the Interior has affirmed the decision of th
L^ind Office in the case of the application <
tbe patent for the General Lode, situated i
Montana. The decision says that all lod
claims must be governed by the laws in force o
the date of the location, and cannot exceed 1C
feet of surface width, unless the local laws t
that time will permit.
The hydraulic mines in many portions t
Placer couuty have suspended for want i
water, but the prospect now is that there wi
be no further trouble.
Next season promises to be a busy one i
Humboldt. Everybody is making preparatioi
to open a piece of mining ground.
A nugget weighing 68 ounces was recent
taken out of the Bald Mountain mine, in Sier:
county.
February 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
103
and Cisterns.
The Alchemists.
What manner of m<-u were (he alchemists?
How did they preserve, cultivate and transmit
the wonderful jelusi-msuf their creed? We have
endeavored in tt former chapter to show that
the idea of transmutation niose from the old
idea of the conversion of one element
into another; and the belief in the poaaibiUtj
of transmutation once admitted, the pursuit of
the ulcheinist would naturally follow in a mys-
Hcat and credulous age; As to i he men them-
wives their character was twofold; for there
>ur aloaemist proper, your -true enthasi-
flitt, your ardent, persevering worker, who be-
lievrd. heart and soul, that gold oould I
and that, by long search or close study of the
works of hiii ; ■ ■ ■ rs, he could find the
philoa ipber'ri stone; and there was your knav-
ish alchemist, a m*u who had wits enough to
perceive that the search was futile, and impu-
dence enough to dupe more credulous people
than himself, and wheedle their fortunes ont.of
tb<m on pretence of returning it tenfold in the
shape of a receipe for converting lead into gold
Of the true alchemist we have many
pictures. The alchemist, the astrologer, the
mystic, the wizard, were men of the same
stamp. They often practiced the same arts
side by side. The same habit and altitude of
thought belonged to one and to all, and became
all equally well. Take the dreamy, maudlin,
temi-manical Althotas, who hud been described
so well by Bum as; "An old man, with gray
eyes, a hooked nose, and trembling but busy
hands. He was half buried in a great chair,
and turned with his right hand the leaves of a
parchment manuscript." Note also his inteuse
abstraction, his forgetfulness of the hour, the
day, the year, the nge, the country; his abso-
lute aud intense selfishness and absorption, the
concentration of the whole powers of his soul
upon his one object. Or let us look at Victor
Hugo's Arohidiaore de St. Josus, in his search
for the unseen, the uuknown, aud the alto-
gether uncanny; the bitterness of his soul, his
passionate musings, his conjurations and invo-
cations in an unknown tongue; his own self,
that wonderful mixture of theologian, scholar,
mystic, perhaps not inm h unlike the divine S.
Thomas Aquinas himself.
"If we peep into Dom Claude's cell, we are
introduced to a typical alchemist's laboratory —
a gloomy, dimly-lighted place, full of strange
vessels and furnaces and melting pots; spheres
and portions of skeletons hanging from the
ceiling; the floor littered with stone bottles,
pans, charcoal, aludels aad alembics, great
parchment books covered with hieroglyphics;
the bellows with its motto — ' Spira, Spera'; the
hour glass, the astrolabe, and ovtr all cob webs
and dust aud ashes."
Chalcedony.
"What boxwood is to the wood engraver— the
means without which the finest art would be im-
possible— that chalcedony is to the engraver of
gems. Hard without brittleness, susceptible of
a fine and endurable polish, tinted by nature
with beautiful, and at times, strongly contrasted
hues, or capable of taking such colors at the
hand of man, it has been from the earliest
period of art not only the favorite medium but
the only possible medium of the gem engraver's
most striking effects. In its simplest state
chalcedony is an unattractive white stone,
nearly transparent, and chiefly useful for mak-
ing spear-heads and arrow-tips, or there more
modern representatives, gun-flints. Sometimes
it has a striped or banded appearance, due to
alterations of more or less translucent layers,
ranging in color from very white to the white
of skim milk, still not very serviceable for
gems or jewelry. When strained by metallic
oxides, however, chiefly tho3e of iron, it raises
to the dignity of gemstone, isard, cornelian
chry so praise," etc., which, uniformly tinted
brown, yellow, red or green, as agate, onyx,
sardonyx, etc., when the colors lie in bands or
strata, or are separated by layers of white-
The natural formation of these flowers of the
mineral world is recorded in their substance.
Though commonly found in lavas and other
igneous rocks, or in the debris remaining from
their disintegration, gemstones are substan-
tially an aqueous product, and require the
agency of fire simply to develop their fine colors,
a stop in their production more the work of
art than of nature.
Hosewood. — It has puzzled many people to
decide why the dark wood so highly valued for
furniture should be called rosewood. Its color
certaiuly does not look like a rose, so we must
look for some other reason. Upon asking, we
are told that when the tree is first cut the fresh
wood possesses a very strong, rose-like fra-
grance, hence the name. There are half a
dozen or more kinds of rosewood trees. The
varieties are found in South America and the
East Indies and neighboring islands. Some-
times the trees grow so large that planks four
feet broad and ten in length can be cut from
one of them. These broad planks are princi-
pally used to make the tops of pianofortes.
When growing in the forest, the rosewood tree
is remarkable for its beauty, but such is its
value in manufactures as an ornamental wood,
that some of the forests where it once grew
abundantly now have scarcely a single speci-
men. In Madras, the Government has pru-
dently had great plantations of this tree set
out, in order to keep up the supply.
With one pint of quick lime or good (new)
cement, we use from one to two pans of ooarse,
sharp Band, to make a stiff ■pasta. This f..r
quality, depends ftn the freshness of the time
or cement, which requires less sand in propor*
ti m to its strength. Sand is useful to diminish
the cracking, as the paste or mortar dries,
thereby to. give it ,*body,,and help till up;
Quick mortar should be made dp every da;
for eooh day's work, which is contrary to prac-
tice in this country, but ;he niortir is better.
It never becomes soft after use, from age.
int.. this, tiue and coarse grav. 1 can be work- d
bytes trowel, as the joints are* flushed. For
cisterns, RoBendale and Portland cement takes
the place of lime, with only less Band, and
makes walls as solid as Han so me stoue. The
Bta of the oemeht seems t" have * peon-
liar affinity for unburut limestone and brick
surfaces.
Finely pulverized soft brick, mixed with
about equal parts of wood ashes and a Little
water iu a basin, is put ou the surface of a
cement-laid or grouted floor of a dwelling
bouse, with a trowel, and worked up to a finish
that much resembles a glaze on pottery. This
is easily swept and washed, and wears always
a clean appearance. As a paste to repair old
cisterns aud stop cracks, with or without the
addition of a small quantity of iron filings and
s d-amnioniac, this is very valuable.
We wish it were possible to impress our
masons with the fact that thin joints make the
best walls, and require the least quantities of
water and cement, both of which are chemi-
cally .stronger and better for being mixed for
the purpose.
But upon living animal oulffl and their germs it
I if ly power! BS. Nay. water containing
a known uniouut of "alhuuienoid ammonia"
when experiiueotaUy filtered over animal char-
coal has been found on analysis worse than
before. Perinaugauato of potash may oxidise
—in ftict. bum up— dead .organic matter sus-
1 ■ ndi 1 or dissolved in water; but upon living
organisms it is almost powerless. We have
seen aoiinalouuE remain in full life and appar-
ent vigor for hours in water to which permanga-
nate had been add<-d in a large proportion, M.
Davaine found that putrid blood after treat-
ment with charcoal became more putrid than
before. It is possible that the gases dissolved
in the liquid hinder ihe development of the
Infusoria. The author considers carbolic, or
better BtUI creaylic acid, as the only agent
wlii.U extirpates these animalcules. Accord-
ing to Woehler, alumina iu the gelatinous state
precipitates the dissolved animal matter -which
serves as a pabulum for these minute uniinal
and vegetable bbingB. The experiments of M.
Davaine on the power of antiseptics to destroy
the virus of carbuuele belong rather to medi-
cine than to chemistry. Solution of iodine
sterns the most effectual remedy.
To Render Glass Opaque or Frosted. — Ac-
cording to Dingler's Journal, asheetof ordinary
glass, whether patent plate or crown does not
matter, is cleaned; and if only portions of it
are to be frosted, those are left bare, while the
others are protected by mechanical means in
any simple manner. Some fluorspar is rubbed
to a line powder aud mixed with concentrated
sulphuric acid, so as to niake a thin paste, and
this is then rubbed by means of a piece of lead
upon those parts of the glass required to be
rendered opaque. A Sne frosted outline or de-
sign may thus be produced upon a sheet of
smooth transparent glass. To finish the oper-
ation, the glass is gently heated in an iron ves-
sel covered with a funnel passing up the chim-
ney, to get rid of ihe noxious fumes that are
given off; on cooling, the plate is washed with
a dilute solution of soda or potash, to remove
any acid yet remaining, and is then rinsed in
water. Focusing glasses for the photo camera,
and development glasses for pigment printing,
can be prepared in this way at very little ex-
pense.
Chinese Vermillion.— It is a singular fact
that none of the vermillions of commerce equal
in perfection of tint that made by the Chinese.
They make it from fine cinnabar — sulphnretof
mercury — which has been carefully sublimed,
and is deposited in beautiful, bright, violet-
red Crystals. The latter are powdered between
two stones, being ground with very little water;
the mass is then washed repeatedly with pure
water, the purity of the- water being deemed of
the first importance. Immense quantities are
used by the Chinese in making ink, painting
on porcelain and wood, aud coloring candles,
paper, etc. It is put up in black papers, and
forms an article of large export, the prices de-
pending on that of mercury, it being about
twenty-five per cent, higher than the latter. —
N. Y. Sun.
Qood HeV-TH°
How to Distinguish Good from Poisonous
Mushrooms.
So many deaths or severe cases of poisoning
occur from eating poisonous mushrooms, that
it is very important to know how to distinguish
the good from the bad. The following is given
by Prof. Bentley, which, though not full or
unerring, gives the general characteristics
which the edible or under trees and poisonous
species of fungi may best be distinguished:
The edible mushrooms grow solitary, in dry,
airy places, and are generally white or brown-
ish; they have a compact, brittle flesh; do not
change color, when cut by the action of the
air; juice watery, and odor agreeable; taste not
bitter, acrid, salt or astringent.
The poisonous mushrooms, on the contrary,
grow in clusters in woods, and in dark, damp
places, and are usually of a bright color; their
flesh is tough, soft and watery, and they ac-
ouire a brown, green or blue "tint, when cut
and exposed to the air; the juice is often
milky, the odor commonly powerful and disa-
greeable, and the taste either acrid, astringent,
acid, salt or bitter. These characteristics are
almost invariable.
Organic Matter in Water.
Water enters bo largely into everything that
relates to life and health, that we ought never
to tire of the study, especially of all the sani-
tary phenomena connected with that element.
Thn London Chemical News, in reviewing a re-
cent French scientific work, by Henri de Par-
ville, makes the following interesting and sug-
gestive extracts and remarks:
"How does organic matter become dangerous?
The phenomenon is complex. The organic
matter in suspension or in solution creates in
the water a peculiar medium, suitable for the
development of exceedingly small beings of the
genus Vibrio. It is no longer mere water — it
is a world of microscopic animals and plants
which are born, live, and increase with be-
wildering rapidity. The infusoria find iu the
water calcareous, magnesian, aud ammoniacal
salts, and their maintenance is thus secure.
Drink a drop of this liquid aud you swallow
millions of minute beings. There are those
which are capable of setting up putrefaction in
our tissues. These are our enemies; ofcen our
mortal enemies. Let water be placed in cou-
tact with organic remains capable ofnourishing
these malignant vibrios, and it at once becomes
more dangerous than any poison."
The author points out that, according to the
researches of the late Dr. Calvert, charcoal,
lime, and permanganate of potash, contrary to
the received opinion, facilitate putrefaction and
actually promote the formation of animalculas.
Charcoal when used for the purification of
polluter! waters, undoubtedly absorbs into its
pores offensive gaseB held in solution, as well
as liquid coloring and flavoring matters. It
can render such waters colorless and tasteless.
For the Too Thin.
You would like to be round and rosy-cheeked.
Go to bed early after having spent the evening
socially. Cheerfulness and content are the best
friend-j of healthfulness. Sleep in a pure at-
mosphere and in a room into which the sun
has shone through the day. Don't be afraid of
the night air, for there is no other air at night,
and you would certainly die before morning if
you did not breath it; avoid draughts and
dampuo-s; sleep as long as you can and get up
as soon as you wake, if you feel rested. Drink
all the pu e cold water you can swallow first
and ride or walk in the open air for half an
hour; then eat a breakfast of Graham bread,
baked sweet apples with cream, or some other
fruit, with a soft, fresh-boiled egg, or a bit of
beefsteak and a baked potatoe, and drink a
glass of now milk, if you like it.
Enjoy what you are doing, either for itself or
what it will bring you. Breathe as mttck pure
air as possible, bad food aud pure air will make
flesh faster thau impure air aud good food. For
dinner, eat roast beef or mutton, or. rare steak,
with bread, potatoes and all vegetables that are
relished, a desert of plenty of ripe fruit, with
cream and sugar, but without pastry or cake.
If tired, rest a little before dinner, aud take a
short nap after it. Don't work hard enough to
produce excessive perspiration, if you can help
it, or until you feel very much exhausted.
For supper eat oat-meal porridge, cracked
wheat, or Graham mush, with cream and fruit,
and a fresh roll; or, if you don't feel hungry,
take a glass of milk and eat nothing. Drink
little tea or coffee, or none at all. Bathe every
day to keep the skin clean and in a surprising-
ly short time you will grow plump and light-
hearted. But remember, you must laugh to
grow fat. — Milwaukee Magazine,'.
Good Food for Working Men.
How much pleasure is lost and how much
material is wasted by a lack of intelligent cook-
ing, too many thiuk that neither science nor
art has anything to do with the duties of a
cook. And yet we all know from pleasant as
well as sad experience, that some cooks will
prepare a most tempting repast from materials,
which iu the hands of another, will come on to
the table so ill prepared as to need a most rav-
enous appttite to induce one to eat.
The bard work of the farmer or mechanic so
sharpens his appetite; the rugged health of the
family caused by abundaut exercise in the open
air and the multitudinous duties of the house-
wife, all lead us to fall into careless habits in
the selection and preparation of our food.
While we are aware that economy on every
hand is necessaiy to the success of the farmer
above every other class of working men, we can
see not the slightest reason why he should not
live well. There are many delicacies within his
reach. He can have his varieties of fresh gar-
den vegetables, his plenteous supply of poultry,
fresh eggs, choice gilt-edge butter, milk and
cream iu abundance, plenty of fruit, etc. Why
should he live poorly? Because in far too many
instances all these resources from a lack of in-
telligent and pleasing cooking are not used to
adantage.
The housewife does not use the material at
her command understandingly. The bread will
be made always in the same way. The pota-
toes will be boiled for every meal iu stereotyped
fashion; the meats ditto, and the farmer's table
which could be most invitingly supplied, is gen-
erally coarsely laid.
This is not always from a lack of knowledge,
as is proven by the inviting repasts which are
temptingly placed upon the table when com-
pany is iuvited. But in such households it is
due to a careless lack of forethought and a
want of appreciation of good food.
Scientific economy is lost sight of in our liv-
ving. How seldom do we stop to count the
cost of a meal, or of any particular plan of living.
We do not recommend extravagance in food,
but ask the lady members of our Order to give
careful intelligent thought to the preparation
of their meals. — Husbandman.
To Steam a Tukket. — All of us are used to
roast and boiled turkey, but a steamed turkey is
more of a novelty, while it is also a most deli-
cious dish. Cleanse the fowl thoroughly, then
rub pepper and salt well mixed into the inside
of it. Fill up the body with oysters mixed with
a small cupful of bread crumbs. Sew up all
the apertures; lay the turkey into a large
steamer and place over a kettle of boiling water,
cover closely, and steam thoroughly for two
hours and a half. Now take it up; set the
platter in a warm place, and turn whatever
gravy there is in the steamer, straining first
into the oyster sauce which you have prepared
in the following manner: Take a pint of oys-
ters, turn a pint of boiling water over them in
a colander. Put the liquor on to boil, skim off
whatever rises to the top. Thicken it with a
tablespoonful of flour rubbed into two table-
spoonfuls of butter; season well with pepper
and salt. Add two or three tablespoonfuls of
cream or milk to whiten it, and pour it over the
turkey and platter; serve boiling hot. This
sauce must be made while the turkey is still in.
the steamer, so thai it can be poured over the
turkey as soon as it is taken up.
Wear and Repair of the Beain. — The no-
tion that those who work only with, their brains
need less food than those who labor with their
hands has been the cause of untold mischief.
Students and literary men have often been the
victims of a slow starvation, from the r ignorance
of the fact that mental labor causes greater
waste of tissue than muscular. According to a
careful e.st.imate, three hours' hard study wears
out the body more than a whole day of work
on the anvil or farm. "Without phosphorus,
no thought," is a German saying; and the eon-
sumption of that essential ingredient of the
brain increases in proportion to the amount of
btbor which the organ is required to perform.
This wear and tear of the brain are easily
measured by careful examination of the salts in
the liquid execretions. The importance of the
brain' as a working organ is shown by the
amount of blood it receives, which is propor-
tionally greater than that of any other part of
the body. One-fifth of the blood goes to the
brain, though its average weight is only one-
fortieth the weight of the body. This fact alone
would be sufficient to prove that brain-workers
need more food and better than mechanics and
farm laborers.. — Builder.
Snowflaee Cake. — Take a half cup of but-
ter, two cups of white sugar, four cups of flour,
one cup of sweet milk, three eggs, one tea-
spoonful of cream-of- tartar, and one-half of .
that quantity of saleratus. Stir butter and
sugar together, add the beaten yolks of eggs,
and half the flour with the cream-of- tartar in it;
turn in nearly all the milk, dissolve the salera-
tus in what is left and add it. Beat the whites
of the eggd and mix in; stir in remainder of the
flour. Bake in jelly-cake tins. Grate the meat
of two fresh cocoanuts after paring off the outer
skin; add to them one cup of sugar and the
beaten white of two eggs. Spread between the
cakes, which should have been baked in three
pans. Heap the cocoannt very high on the
top of the uppermost cake aud scatter sugared
almonds among it.
Potato Feitters. — Boil two large potatoes,
mash them well, beat four yolks and three
whites of eggs, and add to the above, with one
large spoonful of cream, another of sweet wine,
a squeeze of lemon, snd a little nutmeg. Beat
this batter half an hour at least. It will be ex-
tremely light. Put a good quantity of fine lard
in a stewpan, and drop a spoonful of the batter
at -a time into if. Fry them; and serve with a
sauce composed of a glass of white wine, the
juice of a lemon, one desert spoonful of peach-
leaf or almond water, and some white sugar
warmed together, or the common wine sauce.
Gebman Apple Pudding. — Take a deep tin
pudding dish and cover it with a layer of the
best pie crust. Have some good, tender ap-
ples cut fine, and spread over the paste; a layer
of apples, with sufficient sugar for sweeteniog,
and cinnamon and nutmeg to taste; again a
layer of apples, etc., until your dish is filled,
when you pour over it a tea-cup full of cream,
add your cover and bake to a light brown.
104
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 13, 1875.
W. B. EWER Seniob Editob.
DEWEY «fe CO., Publishers.
A. ?. DEWEY, GEO. H. STBONQ
"W. B. EWER, 3VO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Kates:
Stjbhohxptionb payable in advance — For one year, $4;
fix 'months, $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at our riBk
Advertising Rates.— 1 week. 1 monzk. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.u0 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
Oneinch 1.50 4 00 12.00 40.0o
Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearing
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper,
inserted at special rates.
Sail Francisco:
Saturday Morning. Feb. 13, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL NEWS.—
Low Water Alarm-Gauge; Oregon Mining Excitement;
Smith's Rein Holder; Bullion Product, 97- Burleigh
Drills in Sierra County; Patchen Process; Mineral
Statistics; Products of Colorado Mings, 104. Eco-
nomic Botany; Saving Fine Gold, 105. Extensive
Ditch Enterprise; Patents and Inventions; Grangers'
Mutual Indemnity Association; Granges in Favor of
River Improvements; Etc., 108.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Waldron's Low Water Alarm-
Gauge; Smith's Rein Holder, 97- Economic Bot-
any, 105.
CORRESPONDENCE.— The Australian Colonies,
98.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Natural Phenomena;
Gramme's Electric Machines; Importance of Science
to Industrial Operations; The Age of Coal; Petroleum
in North Germany; Mud BaubB in the Ocean, 99.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS-— Explosives as a
Source of Power; American Machinery Abroad; Iron
Wire; An Improved Powder; Smokeless Furnaces;
Lithium Glass; Hew Invention, 99.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock
Market forthe Week, 100.
MINING SUMMARY from various counties in
California and Nevada.
USEFUL INFORMATION. — The Alchemists;
Chalcedony; Cement Walls and Cisterns; Rosewood;
To Render Glass Opaque or Frosted ; Chinese Vermil-
lion, 103.
GOOD HEALTH.— Orgrnic Matter in Water; How
to Distinguish Good from Poisonous Mushrooms; For
the Too Thin; Wear and Repair of the Brain, 103,
DOMESTIC ECONOMY .-Good Food for Working
Men; To Steam a Turkey; Snowflake Cake; Potato
Fritters; German Apple Pudding, 103.
Mineral Statistics.— California's Position.
In another column we give some remarks on
the subject of bullion products and the dissat-
isfaction with which the present system, of com-
piling statistics in mining matters is regarded.
Still, as will be seen by what we have said of
the product of Colorado mines in another part
of this issue, even those directly interested
disagree. It never was pretended that Wells,
iFaigo & Co. gave us complete mineral statistics.
They only gave us the product of the precious
metals. Iron, coal, copper, quicksilver, borax
antimony, lead and other mineral products are
not taken into consideration at all, although
the work done and results accomplished by
mines of this character are important. In
other countries mineral products of all kinds
are included in statistics of this character, but
on this coast only preoious metals are taken
account of. In fact, we really need reliable
mineral statistics, not figures of bullion product;
but these can only be collected by the Govern-
ment itself.
What we desired more particularly to call at-
tention to, however, is the fact that statistics
collected yearly by Wells, Fargo & Co., refer
only to the precious metals, and by no means
give an idea of the advancement of mineral
development. It would be very interesting if
we could get at the real value of the mineral
products of all kinds of the States and Terri-
tories. That would give a better idea of what
miners are doing, and of the value of the min
ing interests. For instance, California wai
credited this year with a bullion product of
$20,300,531, and the ores and base bullion were
estimated at $1,715,550. Now, the Selby works
refined 12,000 tons of base bullion, mostly from
California mines, valued at about $960,000
The silver in this would probably bring its
value up to $2,000,000. The copper shipped
from here in 1874 was valued at $67,400. The
coal produced by the Mount Diablo mines was
valued at about $1,500,000. The value of
quicksilver mined is difficult to estimate, but
the figures must be large. The export by sea
was 5,504 flask* of 76% pounds each. The
railroad carried from this city 432,635 pounds
and 36,444 pounds Irom San Jose. This alone
at $1.50 per pound would be worth nearly one
and a-half millions of dollars. Many of the
mines in Sonoma and Napa counties have
contracts with large mines on the Comstock,
and ship direct from mine to mine; so these
shipments would not appear in the s'atistics of
shipments for this city.
lhis whs not all by any means, as we know
that seven of the mine?* produced 1,457,488
pouud-t of quicksilver in 1874, and there are 42
producing mines in the State, with 49 furnaces
running. The mines which produced that
amount are leading ones, but all the rest of the
42 are producing also. This is a product of
$2,186,232 for seven mines, calculating the
quicksilver at $1.50 per pound. The other 37
mines have at least produced enough to bring
the product up to $3,000,000, and more proba-
bly will bring it up to $3,500,000 in value.
So, although, California is only credited with
a mineral product of $20,300,531, she pro-
duced base bullion and silver worth $2,000,000;
coal worth $1,500,000; copper worth $67,400,
and quicksilver worth $3,000,000 at the lowest
estimate. This makes a total mineral product
of $26,867,931, instead of $20,300,531.
In the estimates of Colorado given in another
column, the coal, lead and copper are included,
and then it foots up $6,962,383; while by sim
ply adding our mineral products given above,
not included in the California statistics of
Wells Fargo & Co., the increase for California
comes within $394,983 of equaling the whole
product of Colorado. The papers in that state
complain of injustice in having their product
decreased by Wells, Fargo & Go's statistics,
and we mention these facts to show that none
of the States or Terri t iries are justly represented
as to their mineral development. The Califor-
nia mining interest really produced $6,567,400
more than they are credited with , and account
is only taken of the principal mineral products.
Even at that figure the estimate is small.
Considerable copper is used by the acid and
bluestone factories, which is not considered
above. The Lincoln and other coal fields
produced large quantities of coal not taken into
consideration. We have also made a narrow
estimate in counting the quicksilver mines here
in 1874 at $3,000,000.
The other States and Territories are all in
the same fix as far as the bullion product sta-
tistics misrepresenting them is concerned;
but we have no doubt that California suffers
the most, as the value of her quicksilver, alone
would probably exceed all the miscellaneous
mineral products of any other individual
State or Territory west of the Mississippi.
At present there is no method of collecting
these statistics, or rather no means for collect-
ing them; so each individual State must con-
tinue to be misrepresented until the Govern-
ment takes the matter in hand, and be content-
ed to know that the misrepresentation is on the
right side of truth as stating the product at less
rather than more than it really is.
The Patchen Process.
Considerable interest has been manifesto din
mining circles during the past week in the new
process of amalgamation, some results of
which have been published. The process was
patented recently through the Mining and
Scientific Pkess Patent Agency, by Mr. Abel
Patchen. Experiments have been made by
Prof. Thomas Price and Louis A. Garnett, of
the San Francisco Assaying and Kefining
Works, in order to test the process, the results
of which we give below. We may state here
that further improvements have been made, and
the necessary apparatus is now being arranged
in order to give more thorough tests of the
process. These experiments will be made in
this city.
We append the result of working eight tons
of Belcher ore by the Patchen process, in
charges of 2,000 pounds each, occupying five
hours to each charge.
tons, assaying $55 per ton, was 66% per cent.,
and for December, from 12,200 tons, assaying
$45 per ton, 67 per cent., being respectively
28% per cent, and 26% below the 'results given
above. [In dollars this would be $195,443
and $145,954 less than the result by Patchen
process. — Eds. Pbess.] Only two companies
seem, however, to have furnished in their an-
nual reports the gold and silver in the pulp as-
say, separately, which is necessary to deter-
mine accurately the percentage of the the re-
sults obtained. These are the Hale & Norcross
and the Savage, and they confirm each other
to a remarkable degree,"
We append the results of the working of ore
from the Hale & Norcross and the Savage, re-
ferred to by Mr. Garnett in the upper of the
two tables. Assuming from the data obtained
from the upper table that the present average
production of bullion from Comstock ore
does not exceed 70 per cent., and that 90 per
cent, can be produced by the Patchen process,
the difference in the aggregate yield from the
ores produced during the past year will be seen
by the lower table. Adding to this the saving
of $2.50 per ton of quicksilver, makes the total
saving for each if the new process had been in
use.
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Without going into details of the process, it
may stated that its introduction into any mill
will not necessitate the purchase of any new
and expensive machinery. As further tests
will shortly be made in this city, we will keep
track of the improvements and give our read-
ers a full account of all that is done.
Mr. Garnett says: "For the purpose of com-
parison I have examined into the milling re-
sults obtained by the process heretofore and at
present employed on the Comstock ores; and
while I find that certain mills occasionally ob-
tain 75 to 80 per cent., the average is between
65 and 70 per cent. only. For November, the
average result* of the Belcher from, 12,334
De. Becker's Lectubes. — "We give in an-
other part of this issue the last lecture, but one,
delivered by Dr. Becker, on "Quicksilver and
Fuel." The last lecture delivered by him con-
cludes his part of the course. It was on
"Steel," but the crowded state of our columns
prevents even a synopsis being given. These
lectures of Dr. Becker's have been interesting
and Instructive, and show that he has a thor-
ough knowledge of his subjects. "We understand
that he intends remaining in the city to pursue
his profession, and as there is a fine field here
for good metallurgists, no doubt he will find
plenty to do. Although he has been here only
a short time his name has been brought promt
nently before the mining public through bis
connection with the University and the course
of lectures. There is plenty of room here for
those who understand metallurgical processes
thoroughly, and we only wish there were more
of them.
Dubing the month of January, 19,747 tons
of ore were shipped over the Virginia and
Truckee railroad. Owing to storms, damages
to the railroad track and land slides, 2,254 tons
Icbs ore were shipped than during the prece-
ding month.
Product of Colorado Mines.
The press in most of the Territories is com-
plaining that the figures given of the bullion
production of 1874, by Wells, Fargo & Co., are
entirely too small. We speak of this subject of
bullion production in another column, giving
some of the reasons why it is difficult to get at
the exact yield. Colorado complains of in-
justice in this direction and wants to be set
correctly before the miners of the coast. The
Miner, published at Georgetown, Colorado, in
stating that we have published Wells, Fargo &
Co.'s report of bullion production, protests
against misrepresentation of the Colorado min-
ing industries. We gave the yield of Colorado
in 1874 at $4,191,405, and the Miner says the
lowest just estimate that can be made of Colo-
rado's yield is $6,000,000. It says the yield of
Clear Creek and Gilpin counties alone was $4,-
413,265.
To show that even those who should be best
informed on this subject are liable to error, we
may*state that the different Colorado papers
disagree as to the total bullion product. The
Miner says the product for 1874 was $6,000,000;
the Mining Review says it was $5,362,383. The
Miner says that Clear Creek and Gilpin conn-
ties alone yielded $4,413,265; the Mining Re-
view gives the yield of these two counties at
83,835,810. The Central City Register gives the
yield of Gilpin county alone as $2,808,803, as-
suming that the bullion shipped by the Boston
& Colorado Smelting Works was all derived
from ores from mines in that county. This
was probably not the ease and the Mining Re-
view says the Register's figures are $1,176,940
too large. The Mining Review's totals, includ-
ing coal, copper, etc., foot up$6,962,383, as the
whole product of Colorado for 1874.
It will be seen from this that all these papers
disagree as to the exact production. The sta-
tistics of the Mining Review seem to have been
prepared with considerable care and are those
which will be used by the TJ. S. Mining Com-
missioner. The placer and gulch mining inter-
ests show a decided improvement. The ship-
ments of matte and ore abroad have fallen off.
The product as given by the Mining Review is as
follows:
Gold Bullion from Smelting and Amalgamat-
ing Works $ 422.563
Silver Bullion from Smelting and Amalgamat-
ing Works 1,983,207
Gold Bullion from Stamp Mills 1 ,297 ,425
Gold Bullion from Placer Minos 382,500
Ore and Matte shipped out of the Territory. . . 1,102,815
Pig Lead 73,676
Copper 100,197
Total product— Coin $5,362,383
To this may be added Coal 1,600,000
Grand Total $6,962,383
The figures representing the value of coal
should not be taken into consideration when
comparing them with those of other States or
Territories, as the statistics are usually intended
only to embrace the precious metals. It will
be seen that the figures given above are more
favorable for Colorado than those of other
States or Territories as both lead and copper
are included as well as coal, which is not usu-
ally done. We have spoken more at length on
this subject in another column under the head
of "mineral statistics." It is extremely difficult
to get at the exact bullion prodnct, and less in-
justice has been done to Colorado, with figures
given by Wells, Fargo & Co., than has bben
done to Arizona; but still the statistics of
Wells, Fargo & Co. must be taken as a basis
for calculation until some system of collecting
them is devised by the Government.
The Burleigh Drills in Sierra County.
The Burleigh drills and air compressors have
rapidly come into use on this coast since their
first introduction here, and have given
great satisfaction. At the Sutro tunnel, in
Nevada, they have made some wonderful pro-
gress with this machinery, excelling any tun-
nelling work ever before accomplished. A
number'of mines in California are now using
the drills, and we give below a summary of
the results accomplished by the Golden Star
company last month.
The superintendent furnishes the report on
the working of the machinery in the Golden
Star tunnel, near Alleghany, Sierra county,
for the month ending January 30th, 1874, of
44 shifts work. The ground is a cement mixed
with crystalline trap and granite boulders.
The machinery used is one stoping drill and a
No. 1 compressor.
Size of Tunnel 7x7
Total holes drilled 758
No of feet drilled {in 758 holes) 2,653
Size of holes 1% inches
Actual distance tunnel driven Ill feet
Average depth of holes 3 feet 6 inches
Average speed of drilling per hour 16 feet
Average time occupied drilling per shift. ..3 hrs 45 min
Fuel consumed per 24 hours (green cedar) . . % of a cord
Steam pressure 65 pounds per square inch
Air pressure 66 pounds per square inch
All this time the boiler was standing in an
open shed without steam jacket or lagging.
The lubricants consumed for the mdnth were
three gallons of oil, ten pounds of tallow and
one pound of blaok lead. The stoppage for
repairs to the machiaery far three months has
been 15 minutes; cost, 50 cts.
The first train ran through the Hoosac tun-
nel on the 9th inst. It was composed of three
gravel and two passenger cars with 100 passen-
gers. The passage was made in 25 minuteg,
: '"ebruary 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
105
Economic Botany.
Iitrd Lecture DellYer«*l before the Untversity of C4li-
fornli College of Agriculture on Wednesday, J»o. 20,
by Prof. C. E. Bujky, M. 8., of the low* College,
&ZDM. Iowa.
[Reported erpree*ly for the Prem.)
The Grasses.
Qraminatxtf. This is a large order of 4,000
jecies distributed universally over all regions
id climates; in temperate or cooler climates
timing a close mat or turf. In the tropics
rowing in bunches or tufts.
The Hize of plants of this Bpecies varies from
ie or two inches in night to 100 or more feet
-for example, the bamboo. (It would be well
> experiment npon the cnlture of this last in
alifornia.) Their stems contain sugar find
leir seeds starch; and these contribute more
i the support of man than any other of the
rders. They yield abundance of food for
oth man and beast. But few of them have
oisonous properties or principles. Very few
f these have poisonous seeds.
There is a marked distinction between grasses
id the allied forms,
Sedges and Rushes.
One difference is that sedges have no nourish.
lent in them and are hollow inside. Another
Iiatinction is that grasses have two-ranked
terns, while Bcdges have three-ranked. An-
other distinction is the stem of sedges is usually
Iriangnlar; that of the grasses is usually round or
lat. A grass is then a round, hollow-jointed
tem with narrow leaves which are borne upon
ji open sheath. The flowers are quite small
n structure and on account of the small size of
he parts their analysis is usually more or less
mzzling to the studont. The unit of the in-
florescence is a spikelet. A spikelet oonBists of
[wo glumes at the base, with from one to half
k dozen flowers above. See Fig. 1.
j This family is divided into three groups; viz:
1. Cereals. 2. Forage plants. 3. The canes.
The cereals are those grasses which are culti-
vated for their seeds. They are all annuals.
. Rice, Oryza saliva is a native of Asia. The an-
nual importation of this commodity into Cali-
fornia is thirty millions of pounds, 90 percent.
of whioh comes from China. It furnishes food
for more people than any other of the cereals.
(South Carolina rice is considered the best. The
plant itself grows to the hight of from two to
three feet. It requires a good deal of moisture
and unless rains are frequent, or means of irri-
gation are at hand, it will prove unproductive.
The common variety requires for its successful
cultivation a wet marsh, and matures in from
four to six months. It is sown in drills and a
few inches of water is alternately let on and
drawn off; this being continued for some days
to supply the requisite moisture. At the top it
has a panicled inflorescence somewhat like that
of the oat plant.
Wheat, Triticum vulgare, stands next in im-
j portance to rice. It has been cultivated for
| many thousand years; so that its nativity is
j doubtful. We do not know what it was when it
j was a wild plant. (It is probably the cultivated
I form of a rather weedy grass, found in the
I Mediterranean basin, JEgUops ovata. Its stem
contains a large amount of silica, to which is
due, Ub strength, and on account of which it
requires for its fullest development a very sili-
oious soil. On account of its easy variability
it can be grown in almost any climate; in
Europe as far north as 60 degrees. It now has
very many forms. The spring and winter
wheats come from the same original and one
can readily be changed into the other, especially
on this coast. Each has abearded and abeard-
leBs species, and each Bpecies of both has a
white and a red variety. The size is variable.
Spring wheats are grown in the severer cli-
mates; the red varieties containing more nitro-
genous matter, being hardier than the white
ones. Winter wheat grows in a mild climate.
California wheats lie about midway between
the two; that is, spring and winter wheats.
According to the statistics of last year, ninety-
five per cent, of California's wheat was export-
ed to England, and was valued at fourteen
millions of dollars. At a, Fig, I, may be seen
a longitudinal section of a grain of wheat,
showing at a; a representation of the germ.
Barley, Mordeum vulgare, is undoubtedly a
native of Southwestern Asia, and has been cul-
tivated up to 67 deg. north latitude. This plant
has also for thousands of years given food to
man and beast. It is less nutritious than
wheat, having less gluten; hence it has passed
out of use as food for man, and is now only
used as the food of animals, and in the manu-
facture of beer and other malt liquors. Its
range is wider than that of any other cereal,
and it adapts itself easily to climate and soil;
but thrives best on moist soils. California ex-
ports are increasing; and from present indica-
tions this grain will for the next few years be
A Valuable One for the Farmer to Raise.
Rye, Secale cereale, is a native of the Mediter-
ranean basin, and is now grown in almaet every
place where the wheat plant is grown. It is
hardier than the wheat. It is grown as food
for man, and in some placea for domestic ani-
mals also; but is most largely used in the man-
ufacture of spirituous liquors; for which use it
is peculiarly fitted by its chemical composition.
The California crop of this grain is light and
unimportant.
Oats, Avena saliva, Is of uncertain nativity,
but thought to be of some part of the Eastern
continent. It is of a wide range, about equal
to that of barley, and is used mostly as food
for the domestic animals. In cool climates it
is us. .1 by man.
Indian corn, or Maize, Zm Mays, is a native
of America. It is now cultivated in all warm
regions. There are many varieties, which al-
low of profitable cultivation throughout a wide
range of latitude. Its uses are many, for man
and beast; being used as food, and also in the
manufacture of spirituous liquors. It has 88%
per cent, of fat-forming principles; \% per
cent, of flesh-forming principles; 9 per cent, of
water, and \% per cent, of salts. It is of most
importance in the Mississippi valley. At b,
Fig. II, is shown a longitudinal section of a
grain of corn, with (x) a representation of its
germ.
The Forage plants, or, what are popularly
called grasses. For Bucoessful growth, different
climates and soils require different species.
Very many differ as to their value, according to
the uses to which they are to bo applied. Mr.
Flint says: " Some grasses contain more nutri-
tive matter when green; others when the seed
is ripe and dry. Some flourish in elevated
lands; others in low lauds. Some prefer clay
and some jight soils. Some are solitary. No
one gros .ombines all the qualities which we
want; ucuce, we never grow one alone." In
general, that grass makes the best forage which
has
The Greatest Amount of Leaf
To a certain amount of stem; though the stem
must always be strong enough to prevent break-
ing down or lodging. The principal grasses in
the United States are the following: Meadow
foxtail, Alopecurus pratensis, grows from two to
three feet high, resembles Timothy and is val-
uable for hay. It has an erect, smooth, cylin-
drical spike; grows on calcareous loam; comes
early and endures cropping well. It grows
well in England aDd would probably do well
here. This grass forms a close sod after a few
years. It is best for hay at the time of flower-
ing. Timothy (often called herd's grass),
Phleum pratenae, is a native of the Eastern
United States, resembles Meadow foxtail, but
is rougher and taller. It grows on moist, loamy
soils, or even on peaty soils, but does not veg-
etate well on sandy or gravelly soils. It is late
in growth, forms an indifferent sod and does
not bear close cropping. Cattle turned upon
it tread it down too much. It is most nutri-
tious some time after flowering. Common ex-
perience agrees with chemical analysis in
placing this
Among the First in the List
Of valuable forage grasses.
Bed top, or fine top, etc., Agrostis vulgaris,
nutritive value of the grasses just noticed to be
as follows:
Forace Plants.
*
- T
2 "
of
r.
«5
p
|
v.
I
a
4
o
g.
3
f,->t)
33.83
11.3-2
26.46
£2,
■Meadow Foxtail, or
i i iru4 piaienti*.)
' Timothy, or
HPMtiim prutftuU.)
' Red Top. or
i \itgarU.)
"Orchard graas, or
H fkislyli* glamrratn.)
* Kentucky Blue grass,
tor (Poapratensin)
*Grco». tDry
eo.au
n ii
no
duu
m.oo
67.U
IJ.M
I -'■
ILK
.M
2.M
1.50
3.55
H.5M
13.12
53.35
L06
7 81
6.28
ii*
13.53
3.11
10 35
.94
111
2.63
13.10
11.32
11.15
13.06
10.11
U.10
il.i'J
38.02
1.59
5.31
l.M
5. a*
a, spikelet; 6, a single flower, both of Poa pratensis, t. c,
Kentucky Blue GraBS.
is a native of Europe, and possibly of the Uni-
ted States. It is a branching, panicled grass,
with slender stems. It grows well in moist
soils, producing valuable hay; makes a good
sod and endures cropping pretty well. This
grass is probably not as nutritive as some other
kinds, for cattle leave it untouched when they
have a choice between it and some of the other
cultivated grasses.
Orchard grass, Dactylis glomerala, is a native
of Europe. It is a tall, panicled grass, with
the flowers produced in dense clusters; grows
well on all soils; is rather coarse, but furnishes
an abundance of quite good fodder. As it is
early in blossoming, it can be advantageously
mixed with the early blooming clovers. It
should be cut while in blossom. In cropping
it should be fed close, or the stems become too
tough and wiry. This grass does not form a
good sod, but is inclined to grow in tussocks.
It endures drouth well and it grows well in
the shade aud hence derives its name, being so
well
Adapted to Culture Where Trees are Grown.
Kentucky blue grass, or June grass of the
East, Poa pratensis, is a smaller grass, with
spreading panicle, stem thin and fine, leaves
long and narrow. It grows well on moist
loam; while on sandy soils, it is small and
wiry. It requires a moist climate for its full
development, and then it is one of the most
valuable pasture grasses. In Kentucky, it is
used almost to the exclusion of other grasses;
but in the drier climates and more sandy soils
of the States farther to the north, it is of but
little value. Where this grass thrives, it forms
a close, tough sod and is
Well Adapted to Lawns.
Chemical analysis made by Professor Law
of the Boyal Agr. Society of England, show the
This table will show the method of investi-
gation; and yet there are so many other things
to be taken into consideration, that it would be
folly to decide apon the merits of a grass
simply from an examination of its ohemical
composition. Its earliness and adaptability to
Boil and to climate must be taken into consid-
ation. Still, such analysis will serve as guides
to the practical experimenter. There is
great need for further experiments, both
chemical and "field" — to determine the value
of our native grasses, such as the Muhlenber-
gias, Diarrhena, Kceleria, Eatonia, Bunch
grass of the plains, and many others growing
both in the wooded and the open country.
The Canes
Include three, which are of Rpecial importance.
Sngar cane, Saccharum qfficinarum, is a na-
tive of tropical Asia. It is a tall-growing,
perennial grass, propagated by cuttings from
top joints, and produces the sugar of com-
merce. Chinese sngar cane. Sorghum nigrum,
a native of China, is a smaller and less val-
uable plant. It is now extensively cultivated
in parts of the United States. Broom corn,
which has panicles of such branching form as
Fig. 1.
a, longitudinal section of a wheat grain; b, similar
section of a grain of corn. At x x in both the little
germs are shown,
to furnish good material for brooms, is of the
variety known as Sorghum vulgare.
Among the
Weeds
Which belong to the family of grasses, may be
included Chess, or Cheat, Bromus secalinus, so
well known by farmers as growing among
wheat; Couch grass, or Quack grass, Triticum
repens, which has an underground spreading
growth, making it hard to get rid of; Bristly
foxtail, Belaria vindis and Setaria glauca,
which will become weedy, especially if allowed
to grow wild; Barn-yard grass, Panicum cms
galli, and others.
Ornamental Species
Include Panapos grass of South America,
Gynerium argentum, which is adapted to a mild
climate; Ribbon grass, Phalaris arundinacece;
the Bamboo, Bambusa arundinacem, a native of
India, is a remarkable grass, growing to the
hight of fifty or seventy feet in two or three
months. This species grows to the hight of
100 feet; attaining a diameter of from three to
six inches.
Several kinds of grasses are beneficial to
man in the manufacture of cordage and paper.
Others are valuable for litter; for green manur-
ing— that is, to plow under and enrich the soil
— for holding the sands on beaches, and for
many other uses.
The best book treating npon this subject is
"Flint's Grasses and Forage plants, " which I
commend to your favorable notice.
The Japanese are about to do something
with the petroleum in their country, and a
delegation accompanied by interpreters, have
been making a tour of inspection among the
Pennsylvania oil wells. They have purchased
an outfit of boilers, engines etc., for sinking, to
be shipped to Japan.
The mining excitement in Potter Valley is
running high. They have found gold, silver,
and perhaps quicksilver. It is said that there
is not afoot of the hills surrounding the valley
north, ea6t, west or south, but what has been
staked off for a mining claim.
News from Tybo, Nevada, is of an encour-
aging character, and appearances indicate that
in a short time it will give as good an account
of itself as any town in eastern Nevada.
H. L. Shang claims to have^ discovered a
rich cinnabar lode within one mile of Lang's
station, near the mouth of Soledad canon, Los
Angeles county. __
The numerous iron mines in the vicinity of
Ogden, Utah, are being developed with much
vigor, and are said to be looking fine.
The furnace at Newark, Nevada, has been
shut down for repairs, and the further im
provement in its construction.
The Carson mint coined $347,660 last
month.
Saving Fine Gold.
In our issue of December 12th, 1874, we
called the attention of the mining public to a
new method of saving fine gold, which waa
shortly to be tested here practically. We refer
to the apparatus invented by Mr. J. Tan-
bridge, and known as the "Gold Trap." At
*hat time we gave a brief description of this
simple maohine, and stated that it would shortly
be tested practically at one of the large quartz
mills at GrasB Valley. Mr. Tunbridge, the in-
ventor, brought one of these traps from North
Carolina, where it has been at work success-
fully on $2 rock, thinking that he could prove
to California miners that his machine would be
a valuable one to them. He took the proper
steps to show his faith in his "gold trap," by
attaching the apparatus to a first-class mill in a
prominent district, so that the miners there
could see for themselves what could be accom-
plished.
Naturally, many miners have taken a lively
interest in the working of the machine. The
difficulties attending any new amalgamating
process are readily understood by mill men. In
this case there were some 100 square feet of
metallic surface to be got into working or
"taking" condition, acquiring a considerable
deposit of gold. Again, quicksilver takes up
from one and a quarter to one and a half per
cent, of gold, that amount passing through the
strainer, with the quicksilver.
The trap was placed at the end of the flumes
of one of the best managed mills— the Empire
— which has oscillating concentrators at the end
of the battery plates, for saving fine gold and
quicksilver. Many thought at the Empire
mill, that no gold would be found beyond these
devices. Others thought differently, and that
it would prove the efficiency of the trap if gold
could be caught below. Of course there are
many mills which use no concentrators, and at
these the percentage of gold passing the plates
would be larger.
The "trap" was put into operation under
these circumstances, the slimes running
through it uninterruptedly without either labor
or attention for eleven days, and a few short
intervals. A slight clean-up was made, show-
ing a few ounces of amalgam and considerable
gold deposited on the large surface of copper,
making that metal more active for future use.
There was also some gold in the quicksilver
which passed through the strainer.
Having shown that the trap was a success,
the inventor was desirous of moving from an
inconvenient distance from town to a more
favorable location, and at the same time wished
to give the trap a trial at 6ome hydraulic mine.
The opportunity has been afforded him by
Capt. Miller, of the Dartmouth mine and Ce-
ment mill, near Grass Valley. Some neoes-
sary alterations have been made in the trap,
although its capacity can be increased to carry
any amount of slimes, the one in operation
being able to carry 50 inches of water. A'ter
testing the process there at some of the larger
gravel claims, it is the intention of Mr. Tun-
bridge to dispose of patent rights in the ma-
chine at terms which will be profitable to pur-
chasers.
Oregon Mines. — PartieB in from the qaartz
mines on Rogue river report great exoitement
there, occasioned by recent developments in
the Hank McNair mine. Active measures
are being taken to secure a road from the mines,
to intersect the stage road at Grave Creek.
Numerous prospecting parties are out. Sever-
al veins have been struck, some of which
promise well.
The Consolidated Virginia company are
putting up a new set of boilers at their hoisting
works, in addition to those already in use.
They do not wish to be delayed by any acci-
dent which may happen to the boilers now in
use. How nice it is to have a * 'bonanza" to
fall back on. You can get extra engines, boil-
ers etc., even before you.need them. However,
in a big mine it pays to take all precautions to
prevent delays and stoppage of work, if only
for a few hours.
Considerable indignation exists in mining
circles in Salt Lake on the discovery that certain
persons are attempting to obtain a special
franchise from Congress for a toll road in Lit-
tle Cottonwood Canon. The miners and mine-
owners of the district will send a remonstrance
against the proposed invasion of their rights.
Utah has in successful operation thirty-one
Bilver-smelting furnaces, four arastras, one sep-
arating and one refining work, four concen-
trating works and thirteen silver mills.
The Inyo Independent estimates that the
shipments of ores alone from that county would
furnish $15,000 worth of freight per day to a
railroad extending from the mines to tide-water.
It has been practically demonstrated that
roofing slate of the best quality can be obtain-
ed in El Dorado county.
The Eenton coal mines at Seattle (W. T.)
are again in full operation, crowding matter to
full capacity.
Austin shipped bullion valued at §76,219,93
) during January,
106
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 13, 1875], ff
biiW3 directory.
JAMK3 M. HAVEK.
OILBI S. GEAT.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Cab
t'orniaano Leidesdorff streets,
SAN FRA.NCTSOO-
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
Suivt
. W. corner Sacramento,
(instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22Tl7-3m
JOSEPH GrILLOTT'S
STEELPENS.
Sold by all Dealers throughout the World.
». BARTLI>0.
HENRY KIMBALL.
BARTLING- & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Enters and Blank Book Manufacturers.
SOS Cloy rtreet, (southwest cor. Sansome),
Uvl2-3m SAH FBANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN",
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases.
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Hsight. 6T28-3m
STUART & ELDEE,
WHOLESALE
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOB THE SALE OF
California Dairy Produce,
GRAIN & QUICKSILVER,
204 Front Street, San Francisco.
AGENTS FOB THE
Missouri,
Kentuck,
Ida Clayton
and Yeliow Jacket
Quicksilver Mines.
All orders for Supplies and Machinery for
Mines promptly attended to.
RETORTS, POWDER and MINERS' TOOLS
Supplied at Importers* Prices.
3v9-eow-bp
NIMROD BATJLSm.
HICHAM) C. HANSON
(Metallurgy ajid Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPOBTEBS OF AND DEALEBS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FBANOISOO
We would call the special attention of Assayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Srospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted 6toclc
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
—AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies sine*.
the first discovery of mines t>n the Pacific Ceast.
Bff" Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grams
Grammes, ■will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows-.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to fhe center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francisc*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its brauches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTJHN,
O. A. LTJCKHARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RioHaED G. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
IMPOKTEES OF ALL KIND'S OF
Patent Bashings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION HOLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PEESSED LEATHEE FOB PUMPS,
Ligxum VitSB for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
Near Market, ..... san frahcisco
ROD&ERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
ADVASCIS HUE
Op alt kind, of Ore., una purllenlar alLentlov
0(lN8!S«lllf,\TS OF BOOM.
4vl6-Sm
LEOPOLD KTJH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
A.ssayer and Btetallurgrioa'
CHEMIST,
No. 011 Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint
San Frakoisoo Cal. t^21-s,i
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and Assayers, Booms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Analysis of
Ores, Mineral Waters, Etc. 8v2S^m
ERNEST L. RANSOME,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer,
No. 10 Bush Street, San Francisco,
Office Hours 1 to 2 Daily.
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2M and 1 cent per pound ac-
cording to quality. In ordering state for what pur-
pose the stone is needed.
"I have used one of your grindstones for some time, and
it is the best I ever had. F .T. Cureey,
November 20, 1874. Prop. S. F. Boiler Works,
EMERY STONES, VASES AND FOUNTAINS, GRAVE.
STONES AND CEMETERY WORK. STONE DRESS-
INGS GENERALLY, NATURAL STONE hard-
ened and pressed, SILICATE OF SODA for
Soap Makers and Laundrymen, &c.
PORTLAND CEMENT for Sale in Lots to Suit.
Send for Price-List , eow-bp
JNOrVE^REIL OIL.
140 Degrees Fire Test, for Family XT se
OWNERS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
attention is particularly called to this beautiful and
safe Illuminating Oil. Its use is urgently recom-
mended by the New York Fire Commissioners and In-
surance Companies. For sale to the trade in lots to
suit. A. HAYWARD, 22± California St.
19v2S-3m
Machinery.
Pacific Machinery Depot.
H. P. GREGORY,
Empire Warehouse, Eeal sb. near Market, S F.
Sole Agent for Pacific Coast for J. A. Fav &' Go's Wood-
working Machinery, Blake's Pa'ent. Steam Pumps.
Tanite Go's Emery Wheels and Machinery Fit^h-
burg Machine Co's Machinist's Tools, Edson's
Recordine Steam Gauge, Triumph Fire Ex-
tinguisher. Also on hand and for Sale:
Sturbevant's Blowers and Exhaust F;ius, John A. Roeb-
linc's Sons' Wire Rope, Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Bi'lting. Perm's French Band Saw Rlades,
Planer Knives, Nathan & Dreyfus Glass
Oilers, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kinds. P. Q. Box liy.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extea Heavy and Improved Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO.,
Manufactures.
LATHES, PLANEES, BOEING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTEES, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTEES AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKJE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. E,
BALL'S
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has been very lately well proven by per-
forming a job of dredging- at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
There is but this one machine that has ever bad these
improvements employed. 16 is an old machine, for-
merly built for another device, and is unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet this first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of eighty-
five cubic yards in sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation (supported by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references will be given on appli--
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a basis of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
is warranting the capacity of the machine by actual
work:
I will enter into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and sell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
S2u,000, warranting the machine to dredge six cubic
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the cost of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask noOting for my patents naless my machine
dredges more than six cubic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in case (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than six cubic yards per
minute, then $10,000 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every such additional cubic yard
thus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is to be added to said price above stated.
I will sell any other Territorial oi State rights (either
Uniled States or Foreign) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with scows and all com-
plete, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above stated, but will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubic yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
Payments to be made in U. S. gold coil on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
Address,
JOHN A. BALL,
Oakland.
7000 IN USL
UtV -FIRE PUMP3- aIpecialty ."
iDAi^MtVERY SITUATION
GEO.F.BLAKE MFC CO.
H. P. GREGORY,
Sole Agent for the Pacific Coast, Empire Warehouse
Beale street, near Market, San Francisco, Oal.
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Its Beauty, JDompactneBB,
-, -:
Has decided merits.
Strength, Durability, Economy in Fuel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and/ '
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
B^*Call and see it or send for Circulars.
J.MKEELEE.&CO., Ag-ts,306Cal. St., S.F I
Ayer's Hair Vigor
— for—
RESTOR11VG GRAY HAIR !
TO ITS NATURAL VITALITY AND COLOR.
Advancing years, sick-
ness, care, disappoint-
ment, and hereditary \
predisposition, all turn
the hair gray, and either
of them incline it to shed 1
prematurely.
Ayeii's Hatr Vioon, by
long and extensive use,
has proven that it stops
the falling of the hair
immediately, often re-.,
news the growth, and always surely restores its color,
when faded or gray. It stimulates the nutritive organs
to healthy activity, and preserves both the hair and its
beauty." Thus brashy, weak or sickly hair becomes
glossy, pliable and strengthened; lost hair regrows with
lively expression; falling hair is checked and stablished;;
thin hair thickens; and faded or gray hair resume their
original color. Itrf operation is sure and harmless. It,
cures dandruff, heals all humors, and keeps the scalp
cool, clean and soft — under which conditions, diseases
of the scalp are impossible.
As a dressing for ladies' hair, the Vigok is praised for
its grateful and agreeable perfume, and valued for the
soft luster and richness of tone it imparts.
PREPARED by
DR. J. C. ATEE & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
1&~ Sold by all Druggists aud Dealers In Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, Wholesale Agents,
jy!8-sa BAN FRANCISCO.
50 per cent. Better than any-
Imported Mustard-
A-Js.lv Your Grocer fox* it.
9v5-eow-bp.
February 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
107
fHipijig JVIachijiery.
T 11 ±:
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
]:■ .-. nt 1 v improved nml tmbuiiiu-d to thorough BCien-
[in- tests by Jamed Emerson, showing the follAwing
Mini effect <>i Hi*- power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
•pivL'titago of pint gate, H 50.08; % 69.64; % TH.7U
Si 82.53; % 8*2.90. Percentage "of whole gate, 83. 14.
Mr. Emerson says: *• These are the best aTer-
ige results ever eiven by any Turbine Wheel
n my experience."
A BplendlSly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
urthcr information desired, furnish cd on application to
TEEADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
60I0 Agents for tho Pacific States and Territories.
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting-, Desulphurizing-, Chloridizirag-
and Oxidizing- Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
use. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining and Scientific Phess, No. 18, October 31, 1371.
For particulars address
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, fee, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
EAGLE IMPROVED CHLORINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1873.)
Pi
■~£4"
KNOWLES' PATENT STEAM PUMP.
todlstcxM*
It lias no Cranks or Fly- Wheel, and has no dead points where It will stop, consequently it is always ready to
Btart without using a starting-unr, ami does not require hand-work to get it past the center. Will always start
when the steam cylinder is filled with cold water of condensation.
CENTRAL PACIFIC R, R.. OFFICE OF THE GEN'L MASTER MECHANIC,)
Sacramento Cal., January U. 1673. i
A. L. FISH, Esq., A cent, of tlie Knowles Steam Pump— Dear Sir: In reply to your inquiry as to the merits of the
Knowles St**am Pum|>, in uhe upon this road. I will Bay that it gives me grout, pleasure to report that tlioy have per-
formed their work well whenever called upon. In no instance have they failed. We have now over 31) of them in
11 Be on this road ub fire engines, and pumping water for shop and station use. I consider the Knowles Steam Pump the
best In use, and preter it to any other. Yours, truly, A. J.STEVENS, General .Muster Mechanic.
gteam tops.
PABKE .& LACY,
310 California street, San Francisco
r to your inquiries, wo state that the hichestaward
a Fiiist Premium and Diploma, awarded
A. L. FISH, A srent KnowhV Steam Pump— Dear Sir: In ani
for Steam Pumps at (he Etehfch or last Mechanics' Fairin San Francisco,
to Knowles' Patent Steam Pump, us published in the Official Li.st Sejiteniiier L'Jd. 1871.
A. S. HALLID1E, President Board of Managers.
W, H. Williams, Soc'y Board of Manage r» Eighth Industrial Exhibition, M. 1.
WE BUILD AND HAVE "CONSTANTLY ON HAND
The Largest Stock of Pumps in the World,
And for Every Conceivable Purpose.
SOLE AGENT ON THE PACIFIC COAST FOB THE
CLAPP & JONES SUPERIOR STEAM FIRE ENGINE,
Clxalleng-ing: the World !
THE CELEBBATKD BOOMER, PRESS,
For Wine, Cider, Lard, Paper, Wool, Hops, Hides, Tobacco, Rags, etc.— the Most Powerful
in Use.
A. L. Fish, Agent,
IVos. 9 and 11 JPix^st Street, San Francisco, Cal.
P. S. — All kinds of now and second-hand Machines on hand.
4v29-lam-bp-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MIX.11.S,
Made by our improved' pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS, j
"which are [
□□equalled |
Strength,
Durability,
and
Economy
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
01 Quartz Mills, Puns, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and general Mining Machinery in j,all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders prompiy filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
KEMOVAL
Pacific Lamp & Reflector Factory
The Oiieapest and Most effective Furnace now in use
Parties desirous ol building abovo furnace, or for any
information on same, address,
I. T. MILLIKEN,
a31 No. 302 Montgomery st., room No. 14, S. F.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all Bizes — from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks.^etc, For sale at the lowest prices by
X0v27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Has an iron
frame, five fteel arms with atampa weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike '2,Oi.O blows per minute, ui a mortar provided
with scretns on hnih sides, and crushes fine 6(10 lbB. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, ;ind is guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE, S600.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf
315 California street, San Francisco.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'3 PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are preparud to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE ft CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v26-tf
NEW MINING- AND MILL LIGHTS.
3v30-3m-eow
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OP
Hydraulic P ipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Having tho Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OB
WiTEE WORKS,
To Contract -with us for
SHEET-IKON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed.
130 I5eal© Street,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand "Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. MoCRINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F.
m6-m2
THE SELDEN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
Aug. 2d. 1870.
Dec. 20th, 1870.
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it is adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
— ALSO —
STEAM, GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CARR PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
A.. CA.K,K,
10v28-ly 43 Courtland Street , New York
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entire
by machinery. Material the best in use;constructio
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cos
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont StreetB.
3v28-3m-6B
W. BREDEMEYER,
MIWING,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND U. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt Lake, XT. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for MinesHnd Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of ahafts.
A GOOD CHANCE FOR INVESTMENT.
An interest in one of the best paying Patents issued
within the last twelve months. Working Model can
he examined at the Office of California Chemical Paint
Co., Cor. Fourth and Townsend streets, San Francisco.
H. "W. McCOTTP X,
168
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 13, 1875
Extensive Ditch Enterprise.
D. S. McLellan a few weeks since bought the
property of the Eureka Ditch and Land com-
pany in El Dorado county, and intend
extending the ditches and making improve
ments of considerable magnitude. This old
company has been operating since 1852, and
used to sell water to the miners at one dollar
per inch. There are altogether about 270 miles
of ditches and flumes, large and small. The
imain ditoh is capable of carrying 2,000 inches
■of water through the culverts, but on- account
of not having reservoirs in the mountains, they
only have that much during four or five months
of the year, according to the season. During
the dry part of the season they only run about
400 or 500 inches.
Mr. McLellan, who baa bought the property
proposes to build several large reservoirs in the
mountains to catch water and hold it until
needed. The snow melts from May to July and
these reservoirs will keep the water so as to
keep a supply nntil along in October, when
a fresh supply comes.
The ditch as constructed at present, runs
from the North Fork of the Oosumnes river in
El Dorado county, about 70 miles above El
Dorado, taking water from Camp creek
and Park creek, through Pleasant valley, New
Town, El Dorado; Shingle Springs, Latrobe, on
to the American reservoir, and so on into Sac-
ramento county, near Folsom. Mr. McLellan
jpoposes to continue it on to Sacramento city,
18 miles from the end of the ditch. El Dorado
county is nearly all taken up with small farms.
The "red lands" there are admirable for fruits,
vegetables and grapes. The ditch will irrigate
all that part of El Dorado county between
Weber creek and the Oosumnes, and all that
part of Sacramento county between the Ameri-
con and Oosumnes rivers. This will be a
width of from 12 to 16 miles in the lower part
of El Dorado and Sacramento, and from six to
eight miles in the upper part of El Dorado.
The new reservoir contemplated by Mr. Mc-
Lellan will be from 20 to 40 miles above the
head of the present ditch in order to get the
soow water and keep it for summer use. Most
of the land about these reservoirs is poor. The
ditch will furnish water to all the mining
ground between the middle fork of the
Oosumnes to the South Fork of the American.
There are three gravel ranges sparsely covered
with timber. Very little of the ground is being
worked by miners, but considerable will be
taken up as mining ground as soon as the ditch
furnishes the requisite water. Some drift, pla-
cer and quartz mining is going on along the
line of the ditch, but there will be considerable
new ground opened up. Grizzly Flat is the
highest camp on Steeley's Fork of the Oosum-
nes and the Baltic region on the North Fork of
the Oosumnes. The ditch will go 20 miles
above to get water. In some places on the line
the mines are old and are being now worked by
Chinamen and Italians.
To reconstruct the old and complete the new
works will cost from ©300,000 to ©500,000, in-
cluding the building of the reservoirs and all.
The water'can be used several times above for
mining, and can be caught up again and used
for irrigation. The intention is to construct a
double line of ditches. The water is caught on
top of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Starting
from Twin lakes, near Carson's peak, then run-
ning to Leak Spring reservoir, then on to the
North Fork of the Consumnes to Capps* Cross-
ing reservoir. It will then be taken in a V
flume to Latrobe, 28 miles. There, there will
be a reservoir, and the water can be carried in
to Sacramento clean and pure, or used in that
county for irrigating. By this V flume wood
and lumber can be floated to the railroad at
Latrobe. From there the water will be carried
by pipe and flume to Sacramento.
Tbe other line of ditch starts from nearly the
same place, Carson's Pass in the Sierra Nevada,
about 15 miles south of Lake Tahoe and 2,000
feet above Lake Tahoe. It will run to the
Alder springs reservoir, then down a tributary
of Camp creek, and picking up the waters of
Park creek, Baltic creek and other small creeks,
run through Pleasant Valley, Newtown, Dia-
mond Springs. El Dorado, Logtown, Missouri
Flat, Shingle Springs, and so on down to the
American reservoir, where it is taken out and
distributed for mining and irrigating purposes.
The American reservoir is a large one, being
about one mile across. Of course water can be
taken out of the ditch on its way to this dis-
tributing reservoir.
A petition is being circulated in El Dorado
and Sacramento counties among the residents
between Weber creeks on the north, Oosumnes
river on the south and the American and Sacra-
mento rivers on the west in relation to this ditch .
They stand in need of a supply of water for
agricultural and mining purposes, without
which the lands are poor. The ditch will create
a demand for the lands. The present supply of
wat'-r is said to be insufficient for the necessities
of the region, and even it is in danger of being
cut off because the works which now supply
it are old and decayed and the water can only
be secured by a system of reservoirs in the
mountains, ditches and flumes for more general
distribution.
The petition referred to is to allow D. S, Mc-
Lellan and associates, purchasers of the ditches
and water privileges, the right and privilege of
cutting timber along the line of the canal and
ditch for the construction of the work. The
privilege wanted is the right to cut timber for
half a mile on each side of the ditch, only on
unsurveyed Government land. They are de-
barred from doing this now by the United
States law of 1833. They want to cut sufficient
timber to repair the present flumes, and construct
the new reservoirs and flumes. If allowed they
can cut the timber on unsurveyed lands at the
upper end of the ditch and float it down to
where needed for their own use. As we under-
stand it the parties do not desire the right to
cut any more timber than is actually needed for
the purposes mentioned, and only ask for that
much. The law, at present, prohibits this cut-
ting of timber on Government lands, surveyed
or unsurveyed, and Mr. McLellan has gone to
Washington to try and obtain the concession
in this instance.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
No. 13.
Iron Pipes.
In the construction of ditches not only open
ditches and flumes are resorted to, but also tun-
nels and iron pipes, the latter to convey water
across depressions in the ground too deep to
permit the construction of flumes.
If, therefore, deep depressions, or gorges,
have to be crossed by iron pipes, (inverted
siphons,) it will be necessary to have the ditch
high enough at the point where the water is
discharged into the pipe to allow a sufficient
"head," not only to overcome the friction, but
also to secure enough hydrostatic pressure to
force the water rapidly through the pipe, which,
of necessity, must be of far smaller dimensions
than, the discharging ditch.
The resistance of the friction in the pipe of
the Spring Valley Canal and Mining company,
crossing the west branch of North Fork of
Feather river, near Cherokee, Butte county, is
considered equal to 20 feet of "head," (hydro-
static pressure).
This pipe is about 14,000 feet long, and has
a diameter of 30 inches. Its vertical hight on
the Yankee hill side, where the water is re-
ceived, is 980 feet above the lowest point of de"
pression, and its vertical hight on the Cherokee
sides, where the water is discharged, is 830 feet
above the lowest point of depression. It has,
therefore, a "head," or hydrostatic pressure,
under the necessary supply of water, of 150
feet. The water, however, during its greatest
supply and heaviest discharge, never rose more
than 50 feet on the Yankee hill side over the
point of its discbarge on the Cherokee side,
and was then estimated equal to 1,500 miner's
inches. Should, thereiore, the supply of
water be sufficient to fill the remaining 100 feet
of pipe on the Yankee hill side tbe discharge
of water would be enormous, and almost equal
a hydraulic jet discharged under 130 feet pres-
sure through a hydraulic nozzle of 30 inches
diameter. It will be well to keep this fact in
mind, as it may prove that pipes of far less di-
mensions than the above mentioned pipe may
be sufficient to discharge, under the proper
pressure, any necessary amount of water.
Dam.
The place to tap the supplying stream and
to build the "head dam" deserves careful con-
sideration. The streams of California are sub-
ject to rapid rise, and change their volumes of
water constantly, so that at one time all the
water in the stream may be needed to supply a
ditch, where at another time fifty or a hundred
ditches could be made to overflow. Under
these circumstances strong dams are needed.
The best place to build such a dam will be a
narrow place on the river, protected on both
sides by projecting ledges of rock. All the
mountain streams of California afford many
such places. The building of the dam will be
done, of course, when the water is at its lowest.
The strongest dams are constructed' by throw-
ing the trunks of pine trees from shore to
shore across the river, putting the first layer,
or foundation, from Bix to eight feet apart, for
a width of 40 or 50 feet, then placing another
layer of pine trees at right angles and at the
same distance across the first layer, and alter-
nating this way till the dam has reached the
proper hight. Where the trees cross each other
notches ought to be cut and iron spikes driven
in, to make the structure perfectly solid. The
trees which are to lie lengthwise in the stream
ought to be thrown in with part of their top
branches on, and turned up stream. The
sand, etc., carried down by any future flood
will cover these branches, and make the de-
struction of the dam impossible. After the
structure is built; the open places ought to be
filled up with stones, earth, gravel, sand, pine
branches, etc., and in a short time the dam
will be tight and safe against all chances.
On one or the other side of the dam a gate
for the ditch must be constructed. This gate
should be, if possible, in the solid bed rock, so
as not to be affected by any succeeding flood.
If a ledge of rock abuts enough to admit of the
construction of a short tunnel, as the connec-
tion between the head dam and the ditch, such
a chance ought not to be neglected. An iron
or strong wooden gate, being controlled by
lever or screw, to open or close the mouth of
the tunnel, for the admission or cutting off of
the water, would defy any flood.
Lumber.
After a careful survey is made, the best route
for the ditch established, and the place for the
head dam chosen, the work of digging the
ditch may commence on the whole line. Should
much fluming be necessary, and a/ great quan-
tity of lumber have to be used for such pur-
pose, the easy and cheap supply of the lumben
deserves great consideration.
The mountain slopes which flank the streams
of California afford an inexhaustible supply of
pine timber, particularly in those places which,
remote from any market, have escaped the ax
of the lumberman. The head of a ditch being
almost always located in such a remote region,
is, therefore, usually surrounded by a forest of
the finest timber.
A portable saw-mill could be established at
any convenient point and would furnish all the
necessary lumber. The ditch, though com-
menced along the whole line, must be rapidly
finished from the head-dam downward, so that
it can serve for the conveyance of sawed lum-
ber where such is needed for fluming, etc.
This mode of transport reduces the price of
lumber by more than 50 per cent., siuce the
freight amounts generally to more than that
proportion of the price.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the last Annual .Report of the TJ. 8. Commissioner of
Mining Statistics.
General News Items.
Grangers' Mutual Indemnity Association.
A certificate of association of the Grangers of
California has been filed in the office of the
County Clerk. The objects of the association
are to secure to the families or friends of de-
ceased members such pecuniary aid as shall
shield them against want by paying to the
nominee of such member the sum of one
thousand dollars, the same to be paid by assess-
ment on surviving members, under the provis-
ions of the law passed at the last session of the
Legislature. The principal place of business
is in San Francisco. The term of existence is
to be fifty years. Directors are named as fol-
lows: Josiah Earl, Oakland; J. B. Blancher,
San Francisco; A. W. Thompson, Petaluma;
E. Hallet, Chico; W. L. Overhiser, Stockton;
J. A. Wilcox, Santa Clara; C. J. Mosley,
Vallejo.
Granges in Favor op River Improvements.
— A telegraphic dispatch from Washington,
dated Jan. 31st, says: The Masters of the
State Granges of Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin,
Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Ohio, Pennsyl-
vania, Illinois, Michigan and Kentucky, and
other prominent officers of different State
Granges, last week visited this city on their
way to attend the session of the National
Grange at Chaileston, South Carolina.
While here they addressed a communication to
Senator Windom of Minnesota, Chairman of
the Select Committee on Transportation, ex-
pressive of their satisfaction at learning that
the Select Committee in the Senate has in
course of preparation measures for tbe im-
provement of the mouth of the Mississippi
river.
A Local "Dead Lock." — An unfortunate
condition of things exists at this time in Santa
Barbara. The Legislature, some years ago,
gave Mr. Stearns the exclusive control of the
water front of Santa Barbara for a mile in ex-
tent. No protest was entered, and now tbe
people discover their error in allowing such a
concession; for Mr. Stearns refuses to pay the
city license upon his wharf, and threatens in
case it is enforced to close the wharf up, which
will be tantamount to non-intercourse by sea.
Both parties are stubborn. This trivial action
affords another instance of the foolishness of
the franchise giving policy which has hereto-
fore prevailed. Let us hope to see no more
of it.
The Crash in Stocks. — There was great ex-
citement in Virginia City consequent upon the
late crash in stocks in this city. It is a pitia-
ble sight to see men standing round the bulle-
tin boards reading the last dispatches from
California street. Some were actually crying,
They had been led on by the excitement, sold
or mortgaged their property to put up on
margins, and now they have lost their all and
are penniless; and the worst feature is* that in
a majority of instances the losers are all people
of small means. Men and women are losers
alike, for there is scarcely a woman in Nevada
who is not interested in mining stocks.
Buffalo hunting is becoming more and more
popular among our English cousins. It is said
that fully one hundred English gentlemen are
over in a body for a grand buffalo hunt on
the plains. The hunt is to be organized on a
magnificent scale. Twenty scouts, headed by
Buffalo Bill, will chaperon them, and in addi-
tion to a vast retinue of servants, cooks,
grooms, valets, etc., they will be accompanied
by a biass band, which will discourse sweet
music as they gather about their camp-fire to
partake of the evening meal of buffalo meat
Drawing to a Close. — There are now but
eighteen days left of the present session of
Congress, and but two of the appropriation
bills have been finally agreed upon. It will re-
quire the utmost dilligence in both houses to
get through with the appropriation bills and to
devise some measures in reference to the rev-
enue which is absolutely necessary. Night
sessipns, are now in order for both houses.
The Death Kate. — During last week, sev-
enty-four persons died in this city — fifty-one
males, and twenty-three females. Of these,
sixty were white, and fourteen copper -colored
persons. There were three deaths from casu-
alties, two homicides, and twenty-one died in
public institutions. Fourteen deaths occurred
in Stockton during January.
'atents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of D. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[From Official Repobts fob the Mining and Scien-
tific PRESS, DEWEY & CO., PUBLISHERS AND
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch. Bated Washington,
D. C, Fob. 10, 1876.
Fob Week Ending Jan. 26th, 1875.*
Demijohn. — Carlton Newman, S. F., Cal.
Ore Conoenteatoe. — Calvin Moore and C. H.
Campfield, S. F., Cal.
Machine fob Cutting Heads fob Baebels. —
Otto Osten, North Bend, Oregon.
Sheep Sobatch Box. — Ira B. Dillon, Visalia,
Cal.
Animal Teap. — Levi F. George, S. F., Cal.
Gas Machine. — John C. Henderson, S. F., Cal.
Tbade Maes.
Fob Medicinal ob Mineral Watees. — Henry
A. Benjamin, S. F„ Cal.
British Patents for Pacific Coast Inventors
Following is a list of inventions patented or
protected by Provisional Specifications in
England, by inventors in the Pacific States and
Territories, from July 1, to December 31, 1874:
Pavement. — Philip Zadig, San Francisco, Cal.
Fastening Seams. — Jacob W. Davis and Levi
Strauss. San Francisco, Cal.
Making Asphalttjm Mastic— Kobert Skinner,
San Francisco, Cal.
Eotaet Steam Engines. — Robert D. Milne,
Los Angeles, Cal.
Apfabatus fob Saving Fuel, etc., in Boileb
Fubnaoes. — William Lee Powelson, San
Francisco, Cal.
Sewing Machines.— Howard P. Garland, San
Francisco, Cal.
The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office nntil Home 14 days after thedate of Issue.
Note. — Copies of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co.. in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and In the shortest time possible.
METALS.
Wednesday m., Feb. 10, 1875.
American Pig Iron, ^ ton (g 46 00
Scotch Pig iron,* ton 42 00 (ffl 46 00
White Pig, # ton ® 46 00
Oregon Pig, IS ton ... @ 46 00
Refined Bar, bad assortment, $* lb w~ 3Jjj
Refined Bar, good assortment, $*B> @ — 4
Boiler, No. 1 to 4 @ — 5W
Plate, No. 5 to 9 S — 5%
Sheet; No. 10 to IS @ _ 5%
Sheet, No. 14 to 20 .«,.... (3— 5'4
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 — 08 (§ — 09
Horse ShoeB, per keg 7 .VI to 8 00
Nail Rod — 10 <S)
Norway Iron — 9 raj
Rolled Iron — 6 iai
Other Irons (or Blacksmiths, Miners, eto. : (<y — 4'-'
OOPPEB.—
Braziers' — 31 @ — 32
Copper Tin'd — 45 @
O.Nlel'BPat. — 60 @
Sheathing, 38 lb @ — 24
Sheathing, Yellow a — 25
Sheathing, Old Yellow (3 — 12J4J
Composition Nails — 24 (a)
Composition Bolts — 24 @ — —
Tin Plates.—
Plates, Charcoal, IX r£ box 13 00 (Si 15 (0
PlateB, I C Charcoal 13 00 @ 14 50
Roofing Plates 12 50 @ 15 00
BancaTiQ, Slabs, 3* lb — 32,4® — 33
STEEL.— English Oast, ^ Tb — 20 ® — 25
Anderson & Woods' American CaBt. @ — 16W
Drill @ — 16W
FlatBar —18 (Si — 1i
Plow Steel — 9(a)— 10
ZiNa @ — 11
Zinc Sheet — @ — \\u.
Nails— Assorted sizes 4 25 ® B 00
Quicksilver, dot lb — — w 1 37
LEATHER.
Wednesday m., Feb. 10, 1875.
Oity Tanned Leather, # lb 26@29
Santa Ornz Leather, $ lb 26@29
Oonntry Leather, "jft lb 24328
Stockton Leather, 1* lb 25@29
Jodot,8 Kil.. per doz $50 00® 54 "00
Jodot, 11 to 13 Kil., per doz 68 00® 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz 82 00:5)94 00
Jodot. second choice, 11 to li> Kil, $ doz 57 00® 74 (jQ
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00(5) 67 0(1
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 A3 Wal 67 im
Oornellian F-2ma.es. 14 to- lfi KM 71 uOftfl 76 50
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00@ 63 00
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00® 72 '0
Simon Ullmo Females, IB to 17, Kil 73 00 4 75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,% doz 61 00@ W I'll
Simon, 20 Kil. $ doz 65 00® €7 00
Simon. 24 Kil. $ doz 72 00® 74 00
Kobert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 'Ifl
French Kips, f* lb 1 00a 1 15
California Kip, a doz 40 00®] f W
French Sheep, all colors, "?•> doz 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Oalf for Backs, & fb 1 00® 1 25
Sheep Roane for Topping, all colors, $ doz 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roane for Linings. 1ft doz 5 50Q 10 50
California Rnsaett Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot Legs, s* pair 5 00« 5 25
Good French Oalf Boot Legs, $ pair 4 00(d) 4 75
French Oalf Boot Lege, $ pair * 00®
Harness Leather,^ m 30® Xl%
Fair Bridle Leather, % doz 48 00(3 72 00
Skirting Leather, $ lb 33® 37«
Welt Leather, » doz 30 00® 50 00
Ball Leather, & foot 17®
Wax Side Leather. » foot 17(5
actern Wax Lea*b*r — at —
Be Wise in Time. — Consumption is a disease that
the victims seldom believe in until too late. It is one
of the surest symptoms of the malady for the patient
to insist that the cough "amounts to nothing" — that
there is no danger. Beware of this fatal incredulity.
Stop the cough before it reaches a fatal point, with
that most wonderful of all pulmonics, Hale's Honey
of Hobehotjnd and Tab. Even when half the luugs Is,
gone, it may Have the other half and preserve life.
Pike's Tooth'Ache Drops — Cure in one minute,
February 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
109
A Large Proportion of Uni-
ted States and Foreign Patents
granted to inventors on the
Pacific coast during the past ten
years, have been obtained through
the agency of Dewey & Co.,
publishers of the Mining and SCI-
ENTIFIC Press. Our business was
established in the year i860.
We have an extensive patent
library, with full record of cases
on this coast, and can g-ive the
best and most reliable advice as
to the patentability of new inven-
tions.
J. D. Yost, Sao Francisco. H. 8. CitoCKEB, Sacramento
H. S. CROCKER & CO.,
IMPORTING STATIONERS
— AND—
General Job Printers.
401 and 403 Sansome St., S. F.
PABTICCLAR ATTENTION PAID TO
Manufacture of Blank Books.
BANK AND INSURANCE WORK
A SPECIALTY.
23v8-3m.l6p
PATENT
ELASTIC PEN-HOLDER.
This Holder is furniBhed with a pair of elastic rubber
air-cushions, which render a steel pen as flexible aB the
old-time goose quill pen.
Provide an easy hold, that does not cramp or tire the
Protect the fingers and desk from ink stains.
The fingers acquire a delicate touch that enables a
person to obtain a beautiful hand-writing.
The elasticity of the pen can be adjusted to suit any
hand, by simply sliding the pen up or down.
uySent by mail, on receipt of Seventy-Five Cents.
JOHN S. ORNDORFF,
Money Order Clerk,
Feb 13-lm-bp. Virginia, Nev.
To Patent Attorneys, Contractors and
Inventors.
"Washington, D. C. January 1st, 1876.
I have carefully prepared a complete digest of U. S.
patented Paving and Roofing Compositions, up to Jan-
uary lBt, 1875, in which is given the name of patentee,
number and date o f patent, ingredients, and, (when
given in the specification) the proportions of ingredi-
ents. Also, all of English Patented Paving Composi-
tions up te January 1st, 1874, amounting in all to over
uli hundred patents, a complete state of the art to
date. It is my intention to publish this work at an
early day in book form, and should you wish to sub-
scribe should address
L. W. SINSABAUGH, Assistant Examin er.
Room 21, Patent Office, Washington, D. C.
banking and facial.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
French Mutual Provident Savings and
Loan S.uM<ty— Thirtieth s.im Annual Dividend-** dlv-
1.1.-11(1 l.i i-iKut 1 10 per cent, per aouum (net h 4-ln per
cone) his, iu conformity with the report ol theOom-
mitiee of Virilk-itiou appuluUd by the members of the
Society, been declared at the annual meeting, held ou
the 15th iusUnt. This dividend will be payable on
and after th< 18th instant, at the office of the Society,
4ii Both street. gust a ye m.uie.
Director Frtnch Savings Bank.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Hibernia Savings and Loan Soci-
ety.— At a meeting held on the 27th of January the
Board of Directors of this Society declared a dividend at
the rate of eight per cent per annum for the six Months
ndiutt with the 21st instant, pavuble immediately and
free from the Federal tax. EDW. MARTIN, Sec'y.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
California Savings and Loan Society,
512 California Street, Sun Francisco, have declared a
dividend of nine and six-tenths (9 6-10) per cent, per
annum on Term Depositi and eight (8) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the half year ending
31st December, 1874, free from Federal Tax, and paya-
ble on and after Wednesday, tlth January, 1875. By
order,
3-v29-lin D. B. CHISHOLM, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
San Francisco Savings Union, 532
California Street, Cor. Webb, for the half year ending
with December 31st. 1874, a dividend has been doclared
at the rate of nine (0) per cent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (7 Jtf) per cent, on Or-
dinary DopOBits, free of Federal Tax, payable on and
after January 13th, 1875. By order,
3-v29-lm LOVELL WHITE, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Bank of the Western Savings and
Trust Co., San Francisco, Jan. 4th, 1875. Depositors'
Dividend — The Directors of thiB Corporation have this
day declared the semi-annual dividend, at the rate of
en (10) per cent, per annum on Term Deposits and
ight (8) per cent, on Ordinary Deposits, payable on
o nd after January 10th, 1875, at the office of the Bank
northeast corner of Post and Kearny streets.
F. CLAY,
Vice-President and CaBhier.
H. J. BOOTH, President. 3-v9-lm
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Savings and Loan Society, 619 Clay
Street. The Board of Directors have declared a divi-
dend for the six months ending December 31, 1874, of
Nine per cent, per annum on all deposits free of Fed-
eral tax, and payable on and after January 15, 1875.
By order CYRUS W. OARMANY, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Masonic Savings and Loan Bank, No. 6
Post street. Masonic Temple, San Francisco. At a meet-
ing of the Board of Directors of thiB Bank, held Janu-
ary 18th, 1875, a dividend was declared at the rate of
nine and one-half ('."Si percent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (7%) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the semi-annual
term ending January 21st, 1875, payable on and after
January 28th, 1875, free of all taxes.
H. T. GRAVES, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of
SAVINGS have declared a Dividend for the half year
ending December 31, 1874, at the rate of ten per cent,
per annum on term, eight percent, per annum on class
one ordinary, and six per cent per annum on class two
ordinary depositB, payable on and after January 15th,
1875. By order G. M. CONDEH, Cashier.
3v9-lm-bp
DAVID WOERNER,
MAGAZINES.
P. An.
W. E. L00MIS.
JSe~w» Dealer
AND STATIONER,
3. E. corner of SanBome f-nd
Washington streets,
SUP FLIES AIX
Eastern Perodicals
BY THE
Tear, Month, or Na ub
3 00
500
600
15 00
Lady b Friend
Literary Album. . ...
London Society.
All the Year Round..
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENRY G. HANKS
"Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-staira. TERMS MODERATE.
COOPER,
No- 104 and 112 Spear St.. San Francisoo
Wine Casks. Tanks, Tuba. Pipes, Beer Bar-
rels, etc., Manufactured at Short Notice
and LOW RATES.
LUMBER for CASKS, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
and Dried If required.
eow-bp.
|Vlipipg apt) Other Copipapie?.
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company—
Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, California. Location of works, Central Hill,
Calaveras County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, (No. 2,}
levied on the 7th day of December, 1874, the several
amounts set opposite the names of the respective
shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
W H Knight, trustee 9 1875 $93 75
WHKnight, trustee 61 1875 93 75
C H Stover 15 500 25 00
C H Stover 16 500 25 00
CH Stover 14 500 25 00
CH Stover 17 375 18 75
GREckley 8 750 37 50
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 7th day of December,
1874, bo many shares of each parcel of such stock aB
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Company, 321 Battery street, San FranciBco
Cal., on Monday, the twenty-filth day of January. 1875,
at 12 o'clock, m, to pay delinquent assessment, together
with costB of advertising and expenses of sale.
ABRAM SHEAR, Secretary.
Office, 321 Battery street, San Francisco, California,
(office of U. S. Internal Revenue Collector.)
POSTPONEMENT.— By order of the Board of Direc-
tors of the Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company, the
above advertised sale is postponed to Tuesday, February
23d, 1875, at 12 o'clock M. . and will take place at the
office of the Secretary, No. 321 Battery street.
i30-4t Bv order. ABRAM SHEAR, Secretary.
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, Sun Francisco, Cal-
fornia. Location of works, Soquel, Santa. Cruz County,
California.
Notice ia hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 26th day of January. 1675, an as-
sessment of Five Dollars per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, 314 California Btreet, San Francisco, Ual.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain Un-
paid on the 1st day of March, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless
payment is made before, will be sold od the 'lid day of
March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of Bale.
LOUIS eRANCONI, Secretary.
Office, No. 314 California Btreet. San Francisoo. Cal.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OP SAIV PKUCISfO.
Capital, One Million Dollars.
O. W. KELLOGG President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
K.N. VAN BBUNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street, San Francisoo.
Kountze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, upoi
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Banters, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bnsh street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4VJ7tf a. IAHE, Director.
Woodw ako's Gardenb embraces an Aquarian, , Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical HouseB,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to E0vpound8
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
Black
CAYUGA DUCKS.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Location of principal place of business. San
Francisco, California. Location of works, Nashville, El
Dorado county, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Directors,
Held on the 14th day of January, 1873, an assessment of
(,$i) one dollar per share was levied upon the capital stock
of the corporation, payable immediately, in United States
gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the company,
408 California street, room 16, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the sixteenth day of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent and advertised for sale at public auction, and un-
less payment is made before, will be sold on Friday, the
5th day of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California. ____
Confidence Mining Company — Location
of principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location of works, Tuolumne County, State of Califor-
nia.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the sixteenth day ol January, 18 15, an
assessment of thirty (30) cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company, 210 Battery street, San Francisco, Califor-
nia.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Tnesday, the twenty-third day of February, A. D.,
1875, will be delinquent, and advertised for Bale at public
auction, and unless payment is made before, will be sold
on Wednesday, the seventeenth day of Maroh, 187ft. to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale,
W. S. ANDERSON. Secretary.
Office, ZIP Battery street, San Francisco, Cal.
net opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Nuin.-H. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
J Wt-rihciiner, Trustee 1 26 $1 25
J Wertheimer, Trustee 2 26 l 26
J Wortheimer, Trustee 3 26 126
J Wertheimer. Trustee 4 25 1 35
John P Sanders, Trustee 8 60 2 60
A Meyer, Trustee 16 5 26
FA Borel. Trustee 17 25 125
John P Sanders, Trustee 23 100 6 00
John P Sanders, Trustee 23 loo 5 00
Jacob Sunstatt, Trustee 31 20 i 00'
Jacob Suostott, Trustee tl 40 2 00'
Wm Small, Trustee *2 100 6 00'
A Meyer, Trustee ..58 100 6 ty
A Meyer. Trustee 59 100 6 00'
A Meyer, Trustee 00 loo 6 00'
A Meyer. Trustee 61 ion 6 00'
A Meyer, Trustee 02 100 6 00'
A Meyer, Trustee 63 100 5 00'
A Meyer, Trustee 6* 100 6 00'
A Meyer, Trustee 66 1C0 5 00-
A Meyer, Trustee 66 100 6 00*
A Meyer, Trustee 67 100 5 00'
A Meyer, Trustee.... unissued 11020 681 2fl>
F Uri, Trustee unissued 3376 iu8 75.
And in accordance with law, aud an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 15th day of De-
cember, 187-1, so many Bhares of each parcel of said,
stock as may bB necessary, will be sold at public auc-
tion in front of the office of said Company, 530 Clayr
street, San Francisco, on the 15th day of February, 1875,.
at the hour of 2 o'clock, p. m., of said day, to pay.
delinquent assessments thereon, together with cost*s>
of advertising and expenses of sale.
K. WERTHEIMER, Secretary.
Office, 530 Clay street. San Francisco, OaL
BRAHMAS, GAMES
HOUDANS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to hatch after arrival On
any part of tba Coast. For Illustrated CirculflT and Price-
List, address -,--—-. «- — -.
M- EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
tanv. Principal place of business, City and County of
an Francisco, State of California. Location of workB,
Cherry Creek Mining District, White Pine County, Ne-
Nottce iB hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 2d day of January, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 8th day of February, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised tor sale at public auction, and unless pay-
mentis made before, will be sold on Monday the first day
of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with eosis of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MILLIKIN. Secretary.
Office— Room 14, No. 302 Montgomery street, S. F.
POSTPONEMENT.— The time when the above assess-
ment will become delinquent is postponed to the eighth
(8th) day of March, and the sale of stock for delin-
quency is postponed to WedneEday, the thirty-first
(31st) day of March, 1875, at the same fi°ur and place
above mentioned. By order of the Directors.
I, T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
San Francisco, Feb. 2,1876.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco-.
California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on the
fourth day of January, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, aB
follows:
NameB. No. Certificate. No. ShareB. Amount.
W A Kcapp, Trustee 13 600 *126 00
W A Knapp, Trustee 16 100 26 00
W A Knapp, Trustee 75 200 60 00
Thomas Bennett 9 2,500 626 00
T B Kent. Trustee 44 4,125 1,031 25
E A Richardson, Trustee. . . .37 6,000 1,600 00
J F Woodman 51 100 26 00
D M Hosmer, Trustee 49 400 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the fourth day of January,
1875, so many BhareBof each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Secretary, W. Aug. Knapp, at 116 Leldes-
dorff street, on the twenty-first day of February, 1876,
at the hour of one o'clock P. m., of saia day, to pay said
delinquent assesBmeut thereon, together with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale.
W. AUG. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office, 116 Leidesdorff street.
Kearsarge Consolidated Quicksilver Min-
ing Company.
Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 28th day of December, 1874,
an assessment. No. 1, of 30 cents per share was levied
upon the capital Bto -k of the corporation, payable im-
mediately, in United States gold and silver coin to the
Secretary, No, 408 California street, San Francisco. Cal. .
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain
unpaid on the eighth of February, 1875, will be delin- -
quent, and advertised for Bale at public auction, and.
unless payment be made before, will be sold on Mon- •
day, the 22d day of February, 1875, to pay the delin- .
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising,
and expenses of sale.
JAMES McHAFFEE, Secretary.
Office Rooms, 10 & 11— No. 408 California strees, Sani
Francisco, Cal.
Kincaid Flat Mining Company — Loca-
tion of prinoipal place of business, San Francisco, Cal. .
Location of worka, Sonora, Tuolumne county. Col.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board off
Directors, held on the 4th day of February, 1875, ar. assess-
ment of sixty cents per share was levied upon the.?
capital stock of said Company, payable, immediately, in-i
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at his office, 219j
Battery street.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain uu -
paid on the 9th day of Maroh, 1875, shall be deamedj
delinquent, and will be duly advertised for saleat pnblitt
auction, and unless payment shall be made befonet will
be sold on the 29th day of March, 1875, to pay the
delinquent assessment together with costs, of adver-
tising and expenses of sale. By order of the Direc-
tors. B. H. CORNELL, Secretary.
Office, 210 Battery street, San Francisco.
"Golden Rule" Silver Mining Company -
Location of principal place of business, San Iran-
cisco, Cal.
Notice,— There are delinquent upon the following
described stoek, on account of assessment levied
on the 8th day of December, 1874, the several amountB
Manhattan Marble Company of California.
Location of principal place of business, San Francisco
California. Location of works, "Oakland, Alameda
County, State of California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 8th day of January, 1875, an assessment,
(No. 6) of two dollars per share was levied upon the cap-
ital Btock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary of the company,
at bis office, Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 20th day of February, 1875, shall be deemed
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment is made before, will be sold on Saturday,
the 13th dav of March, 1875, at 12 o'clock M., to pay the de-
linquent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Sec'y.
Office— Nos 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisoo,
California.
Martin & Walling Mill and Mining
Company. The annual meeting of the Martin & Wal-
ling Mill and Mining Company, for the election of a
Board of Directors, and such other business aB shall
properly come before the meeting, will be held at the
office of the Company, room 16, 408 California street,
San Francisco, California, on Thursday, the 25th day
of February, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock, wt.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal place of business, San FranciBco,
California. Location of works, Grass Valley Town-
ship, Nevada County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment No. 2, levied
on the fourth day of January, 1875, the several amountB
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
bb follows:
Names. No. Certificate. Nc. Shares. Amount.
William GGrant 11 119 $119 00-
A Delano, Trustee 4 100 100 00-
A Delano, Trustee 6 100 100 00
A Delano, Trustee 6 100 R0 0O
A Delano, Trustee 7 100 100 00
A -Delano, Trustee 8 100 100 00.
And in accordance with law, and an order of the-
Board of Directors, made on the fourth day of Janu-
ary, 1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock
as maybe necet-sary will be sold at public auction, at
the office of the Company, No. 315 California street,
rocm 8, San Francisco, California, on Tuesday, the sec-
ond day of Maroh, 1875, at the hour of one o'clock p. m.,
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of Bale..
J. F.NESMITH, Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 Califernia street, San Frnn-
ciBco, Cal.
no
Iran and Machine torto.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 126 Beale Street SAN FEAMJISOO
IF. I. CUBBY,
Late Foreman ol the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER,
SHEET IBON WOKK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to.- 17v25-3m
THE KISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL SO, 1868.
CAPITAL , $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAM FBANOISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at loweBt
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris,
Jesse Holladay, O. E. McLane,
Wm. H.Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOOKE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD , Secretary
24vI7-qy
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAWBTiCTUEEKS OF
STEAM ENGINES,
Quartz, Flour and. ©aw Mills,
fl«y«a> Improved Steam Pump, ttrodlt'i Im-
proved frnnhcr, Mining Pumps.
AmnlKamaton, and all bind*
of Machinery.
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fremont Btreets, above How-
street, San Francisco. 3-qy
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 187, 139 and 141 Fremont Street, San Francisco,
KICHARB SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts.Miningand General Machinery estiroaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash "Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. ' 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAllUrACTIJBEKB 0 r
STEA.MC ENGINES, XSOMLiEKS,
CROSS1 PATENT BOILER. FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar'sPatent Self- Adjusting' Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kind* of Mlnlns Machinery.
front Street, between Hf and O str»*ts,
Sacramento City.
G. "W. Prescott.
"W. R. Eckart.
Marysville "Foundry,
MARYSVTLLE, _-__--__- OAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz jmd Amalgamating Machinery.
Hois, ins Maebinerj', Saw mid Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts. Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
OO-OPERATIVE,
PirBt Street, bet. Howard and Folsom, San Francisco
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 13, 1875,
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE'
Burleigh Eoek Drill Company.
-MANUFACTURERS OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIE COMPRESSOKS AND. OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for'IBlasting, Putnam In-
i chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PAHKE «Sfc LACT,
310 California St., S. F.
3D
5£ K
%
P- „
t~> ID
H w
S3 -ST
xn Eh
■ <N <ra to id m b
►H^OOO1^"^ tH CD C"3 tH
■J'-jllHOOHWlOMO I I 1
r^ooio m*^. o yp CO T-
OONWHONHN'SWmT I I
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Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QTJTCKSrLVEK FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Having much experience in "the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, -sve are prepared to advise, under-
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction "Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Jho. P. RiNKm. Established 1850. A.P. Bkatto-j
Pacific Iron Works,
First Street, - - - San Franoisco.
Geo. W. Fogs, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy
Forging Boilers,
and Marine.
Stationary
JOBBINO AND REPAIRINO WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING: AND HOISTING
MACHINERY,
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PRATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & CO., Props.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Firbt Street,
San Fbancisco.
STEIG-ER. & KERR,
IKOlNr FOUNDERS.
IKON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
UR and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howaid,
San Prsncisco.
LIOHT AJf!) HEAVY CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 2%vlfior
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
OOILER MAKERS
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
SHEET IRON PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to mate SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where -wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard Bizes of railroad Oar "Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars . These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and_ guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
«y All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOOKE, Superintendent,
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Nos. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v26.1y
THEODORE KALLENBEKG.
MACHINIST,
and Maker of Models for Inventors. All kinds *f E>ietf
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small Gears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and in the
best manner. No. 32 Fremont street, S- F. 19v23-3m
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
TALLEJO, OAL.
JOHN" L. HEALD, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills, Stationary
and Portable Steam Engines, Pumps, etc. Boilers
built and repaired, and all kinds of Iron and BraBS
Castings furnished at short notice.
SANBORN & BYRNES,
Mechanic a' Mills, KEisaion Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from'
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair-
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and'
Balusters. 26v8-8m-bp
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company*
SAN FSANOISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture «f
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROW
— AMD —
Gyery "Variety- at S^Hsxiilrxgrj"
Embracing ALL SIZES < f
St?umboat Sbj.ftn, Cranb.it, PI n ton »&d C»nn
necttns Bods, Car and TjOcomotl7« Axles
and Frame b
HAMMERED IKON
Of every description and size.
»p-Order9 addressed to PACIFIC" ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Francisco, Oat., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
ttS~ Tile highest price paid for Serap Iron.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
No. 1S*> Flrit street, opposite Minna.
SAN FRANCISCO.
all jxiwds oTBrass, Composition, Zinc, and BabbittMcca
Jastings, Brass Ship Work of all lund»T Spikes, Sheathing-
''Jails, Rudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bells and
Songs of superior tone. All klndsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
Iraulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec*
cions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch.
*3~ PRICES MODERATE. -St
J. H. WEED. V. KINOWELL.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co, ?
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt "Works.
MANUTACTtrBEES OF ALL KINDS OP
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and SMp or
Band Bolts,
13, 15 and 17 Drnmm Street, San Franciseo. 4v241y
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS-
Keating' s Sack Printing' Presses,
The Economy Htdbaulio Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3mJ
February 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
Ill
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co. Machinery Depot, San Francisco-
1; is got-
ten up frfiu dcw patterns specially for this
Coast. It has C I <>ii!i. It Head,
iu pit* -tii Hell
:ilh.. Of tin- lx*.t C»fct -
m all protected with u .-ill plane
■ I
Wni make rustic
, etc., aud
ik the I ■ built
ar'Wfl have alvayu on hand a largo assort'
Bent ol Planing Kill Machine rj , all 01
UoprovemunU, Including Plan 1
■ aiming UachtneB, Band and Jig
Sttw*. fco., fcc. Bond fur Catalogues nml prices.
Iron Working- Machinery.
Adjustable Saw Guafre
Foot Power
pi
Improved Saw Arbors.
■ ow-tl
TREADWELL & CO.,
San Francisco
Lathes,
£ Planers,
o Drills, etc.
Z¥X3?*XJ/*
JU__[LUL_J_JL
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Improved Band Saws.
OVEll $3,500 PER MONTH SAVED
BY THE USE OF
Hcmly's Improved Amalgamator and Concentrator
Can be seen at the Manufactory, No. 32 Fremont Street, San Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 27, 1872.
JOSHUA HENDY, Esq.— Dear Sir.— As a practical minor and millman, I take pleasure iu recommending the
use of your Concentrators In all mills where gold or silver ores are reduced. No niillB should be without them,
for tli" following reasons:
Int. They are good sizers (no perfect concentration in pulverized ores can bo effected without first sizing).
2d, The best Concentrator I have ever known — (the concentrated stuff only containing 5 per cent. of. sand) .
:jil. yhey are good iimalgamators. light (feathery) particles of amalgam aud particles of coated gold by at-
trition are brightened, and from their specific gravity and the action of the pan, fall to the bottom and adhere.
4th. Th^-y require but little power aud attention to run them, and with ordinary care will laBt for years.
I have been t'mailiar with the workings of your Conceutrators for four years past; have run theni myself in
the North Star lime, Grass Valley; am familiar with their practical workings on the Empire Mine, Grass Valley;
St. Patrick, Pla*QrQo.; St. Lawrence, El Dorado Co.; Oaks and Reese., Mariposa Co., and most cheerfully give
you this testimonial. For further information you are at liberty to refer to,
Yours respectfully, JAS. H. CROSSMAN, M. E.
409 California street, or Cosmopolitan Hotel.
SAN FRANCISOO, February 10, 1874.
OlFK'K Sl'ITIilNTESDENT OF KEYSTONE CON. M. Co., AMADOU, AsrADOIt COUNTY.
MR. J. HENDY— Dear Sir: — In answer to your inquiries as to your Concentrators furnished our company
last Julv, I would suy that I aru more than pleased with them; and the Baving to the company nas been over
$a,60G per month more than with the blankets and buddies formerly in use. O. C. HEWITT, Supt.
OFFICE SUMNER MINE, Kernville, April 27, 1874.
J. HENDY, Esq.— Dear Sir: Having four of your Concentrators in use at our Mills for four or live months,
which for saving Amalgam and for concentrating Sulphurets, are a success, beyond a doubt, I feel it a duty
due you and those interested in Quartz Mills, to recommend them.
As further evidence of their worth, I now order TWELVE more of your Machines for our new Mill, now in
course of erection. E. R- BURKE, Superintendent.
For description send for Circular.
Office and Works, 32 Fremont street.
JOSHUA HENDY, San Francisco.
0v28-lm-tf
GEiTTEiTisri^Xj PACKiira.
SELF-JL,XJBR.IO.A.TIrVG.
Locomotive
Marine and
Stationary
EN GINES.
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF ALL KINDS.
The CENTENNIAL is composed of the finest Hemp, made in strands or sections, of different sizes, each be-
ing saturated in a composition of pure German Black Lead and Tallow and covered with a braiding of the best
Italian Hemp to be found in the market. It iB manufactured in a shape the most convenient to use and
handle, aud gives from 50 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs
with less friction on the rod than any other Packing made, from the fact of its being so perfectly soft and
pliable, and so well lubricated so to requires minium pressure on the rod. It cuts off smooth and makes per-
fect joints, is easily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires occasionally a new ring to keep the stuffing box
full. ENGINEERS, TRY IT. For sale in any quantity by TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE AND MILL CO.
-%- m M. FULDA& SONS
Proprietors,
30 and 33 Spear St.
Manufacturers of
WATER TANKS, MIN-
ING WORK OF
ALL KINDS.
WINE, T3EER AND LTQTJOR
CASES, TANKS, ETC.
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Sen d for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFG>. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, P., Chicago, 111.
WANTED— By a graduate of the MuHsnchusett*
Institute of Technology, who has had practical experi-
ence, the situation of Chemist or-Asaayer, or a position
sb Assistant in a Mine or Smelting Works References
given if required. Address, O. E. STAFFORD,
Toledo, Ohio.
Brittan, Hoibrcok & Co., Importers of
Stovesand Metals. Trailers' Goods Tools and Machines;
lllardll CalilorniaSt., 17 and ly l>aviB St., San Fran-
cisco, ao'i 178 J St.. Sacrarcento. mr.-iy
Puuchasebs please say advertised in Scientific Press
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN COLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to lis for the best
T.n the great National cODteBt held at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and lasting over bix days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
We have made special shipping arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Pacific Coast. CS"ONLY SEVEN DAYS BY MALL FROM SAN FR\NCISCO."^H Send your addresB for a full
report of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of saws that 3011 use, with the thickaess, size and
kind that you use, and specify such as you will require within the next 60 days. We will guarantee to furniBh
you with saws that have no equal in quality, and at priceB that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound-
San Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
Wc tuae pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
Increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been .compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of bteel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dieb superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dieb which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will notout-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are nnt capable of beiDg tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in U'-e in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to Iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippings, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound Bbtpped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
with dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Roomil^Academy Bulldlng-.S. F
all orders,
1V29-:
112
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[February 13, 1875.
PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE
11111
The above cute represent the new style "HOADLEY" variable cutoff 15 Horse-Power Portable Engine. We have same style and nze mounted on
■wheels as a Threshing Engine for the Rutsell End-shake Separator. We have all sizes from 3 to 40 horBe-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES need
no recommendation from us. We have sold them in California for 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The last great Improve-
ment iB the Cut-off Governor, thus giving them all the economy and increased power of the most thorough built stationary engine.
BS^Millmen, Mine-owners and Mining Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of the
" HOADLEY " before purchasing. Circulars and prices sent free on appplication. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
•^E[Vll-pOF<T^BL,EJ
The highest and only prize of its clans given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHAKITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
A
W. T. GARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MA1TUFAOTUBEBS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TATERK AND LA\» BELLS, GON«S,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop.
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES lor mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
■©"Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and moat improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders forRope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TtTBBS & CO.,
d«20 611 and 613 Front street. San Kranoisco.
Handol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Scientific Press, November 7th, 1874.
J'
Patented Notembee 25th, 1873.
RA1SJDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Pbess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
BLADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Press, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-eow-3m F. FIEDLER, New AlmadenCa,
GIANT POWDEE.
Patented May 36, 1868.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Bock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
G-I-A-1VT POWDER, IVO- J2,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in. half tile time
required for black powder.
»y The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3m!6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street,
PACIFIC MACHINERY WEROT mPACIVC machinery. d'eroT
: H PGREGORY fef^J^ffi'^ -
SOLE AGENT II - iOLE AGENT
FITCHBURG MACHINE Cos
M£CMNISt$;
WHEELS
\A &'I6 FIRST-ST' SAN FRANCISCO ■ I4&"I6TIR:ST,ST SAN FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACHV DEPOT
GUARANTEED PURE0AK TANNED
LEATHER
14 8.16 FIRST ST- SkU- FRANCISCO
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market,
MANUFACTUEER OP
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to he the most du able and economi-
cal Saws in the Woi*d.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect;
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
Cazin's Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator—One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a sizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de-
livering two or tow sizes of ore to two or four rowB of
sieves, each row independent of the other, and each
having 5 Bievee, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-olaBb ores into
lst-class oreB of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter; — galena and silver solphuretB from
pyrites, baryta and quariz; and pyriteB from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most cases for the requirements of western mines, with
a capacity of 15 or 20 tons per 21 hours.
For particulars apply to,
P. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co.
it Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, or corner of
Blake and 32d itreets. ag8-16p
Office of Drain Pipe Works,
S. "W. Corner Sao-
ramento and
Montgom-
ery Sts.,
S. P.
DRAINS
CONSTRUCTED
In any part of the
State, and
Work Warranted.
E.T.MENOMY,
Proprietor.
eow-1 yr
BV DCWE1 A OO.f
Patent isoiicitora.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 20, 1875.
VOI/OME XXX
Kumber 8.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
Excavation.
In digging the ditch along the mountain
slopes the safety of the ground as toBlides must
be well examined, aud the real body of the
ditch must be always dug iu solid soil, and far
enough in the Bide of the mountain to leave at
the outside or lower bank a level surface on
which to place a part of the soil of the bank
and the ditch.
The bank on the mountain side must be car-
ried on a good slope at once, so as to prevent
elides from it, which, during the rainy season,
would otherwise occur, not only filling the ditch
but causing great and dangerous breaks, since
the water, checked in its course, would run
over the lower bank, causing damages which
would take much time and money to mend.
No operation connected with hydraulic min-
ing needs greater care and foresight than the
bnilding of a ditch. The best constructed ditch
will cause a great deal of trouble for the first
year or two, but an indifferently constructed
ditoh will cause not only as much repairing as
the first costs amount to, but be forever after
a second hand affair.
Deep ditches are preferable to shallow ones,
as the evaporation during the summer heat is
far less in the former than in the latter. Still,
before deciding on the depth of a ditch— whether
two or three feet deep — it will be well to exam-
ine the soil through which it has to be dug. If
the country bed-rock is covered only with a lit-
tle soil, and if a ditch two feet deep would avoid
the bed rook, economy dictates the two foot
ditch made wider.
All ravines or small water courses crossed by
tbe line of ditch must be secured in such a way
that their water can either be admitted into the
ditch or carried overrt, as it is wanted or not.
Eegard must be had in this respect for the in-
creasing volumes of water during the rainy
season. It is a notorious fact that the quan-
tity of water carried by established ditches dur-
ing the summer season is reduced by nearly one-
third in its volume by the time the point is
reached where the water is to be used. It may
be true that in many caseB the low state of the
river from which the water is drawn is partly
the cause of this reduction in volume; but in
other cases, where the river affords an unlim-
ited amount, the diminution of the water must
be ascribed altogether to evaporation and leak-
age.
The question arises whether it would not be
advisable to counteract this lessening of the
water by building the ditcheB wider at then-
bead and reducing their width for a distance of
a few miles till the normal size is reached. In
the -winter season only a quantity answering
the size of the lower part of the ditch would be
admitted at tbe bead. In summer all the water
the upper part of the ditch could carry would
be admitted and brought along, even filling the
ditch to the top of the lower (artificial) bank—
which would be safe enough in summer. This
plan seems well calculated to practically in-
crease the capacity of ditches.
Trees.
Trees found on the line of the ditch, the re-
moval of which is necessary, must never be cut
down so that only the stumps remain. To
grub up these stumps' is a most difficult, te-
dious, and expensive work, and can be avoided
by undermining the tree on the lower side, cut-
ting its supporting roots and felling it down
the hill, tree, stumps, roots, and all.
Flumes.
The flumes on the line of the ditch may be
built either on a little less grade, or a little
smaller, than the ditch, as the smoothness of
the boards causes less friction than a rough
ditch, and the water, therefore, runs faBter.
Flumes are generally built of one and a half
inch plunk, with a framiug of four by four and
three by four scantling for every two and a half
or three feet. The strength of the scaffolding
for the flumes must be conditioned by their
bight, and left to the discretion of the builder.
The foundation of this scaffolding ought to be
on very 6olid ground, and, if possible, little ex-
posed to water in puddles, coming and going,
as the season changes. Moreover, the bottom
part of the supporting posts, or the sleepers,
ought to be well charred, as mentioned before,
to prevent rot and subsequent settling of the
Hume. High flumes ought to be well anchor-
ed with strong wire, or wire rope, to protect
them against winds.
Where a flume is to be built, the underbrush,
fallen trees, etc., ought to he cleared away — by
ax. or fire, or both — to protect the flume against
the conflagrations which occur in our forests
from time to time during the dry season.
^Flumes'of sheet iron are highly recommend-
thousand vertical feet, formed by the gorge
through which the West Branch of the North
Fork of Feather river flows. This enterprise
was a complete success, and found as such a
deserved publicity, which makes its particular
description at this place unnecessary. For the
sake of handy reference, however, it may here
be said that the pipe is made of the best sheet
iron, as follows: No. 14 iron was used for 150
feet pressure; No. 12 iron was used for 275 feet
pressure; No. 10 iron was used for 350 feet pres-
sure; No. 7 iron was used for 425 feet pres-
sure; one-fourth iron was used for 600 feet pres-
sure; five-sixteenths iron was used for 850 feet
pressure; three-eighths iron was used for 900
feet pressure.
A cistern with sand boxes, which serves as
receptacle for sand and gravel carried from the
ditch, is constructed at the receiving point. An
elbow of the pipe dips here in the water, to
prevent, as much as possible, the entrance^of
S. N. KNIGHT'S IMPBOVED HTJBDY-GTJBDY WATER WHEEL:
ed. The iron could be protected against corro-
sion by immersion in Dr. Angus Smith's prep-
aration of coal-tar, and would certainly afford
a very durable and incombustible material.
When the present high price of iron shall have
fallen to near its former rate, this material will
undoubtedly be used with great advantage.
The building of flumes should be avoided as
far as possible, since, under the most favorable
conditions, using the best kind of sugar pine
lumber, a flume will only last from ten to
twelve years; and the cost of its repair is com-
puted to be 75 per cent, higher than that of a
ditch.
A flume carrying a constant stream of water
is far less exposed to decay than one which car-
ries water periodically. The alternate swelling
and shrinking of the wood in the latter not only
destroys the fiber of the wood, but also draws
the nails, and thus injures the structure.
Iron Pipes.
The use of iron pipes ss aqueduots is not a
novelty in California. As early as 1856 or '57
an iron pipe of 40 inches diameter was laid
across a small depression at Timbuctoo, near
Smartsville, Yuba county. The city of San
Francisco is supplied by the Spring Valley
Water company, which has 17 miles of 30 inch
iron pipe, conducting the water across depres-
sions of from 200 to 250 feet vertical depth.
During the summer and fall of 1870 the most
important enterprise of this kind was oarried
out by the Spring Valley Canal and Mining
company, of Cherokee, Butte county.
Under the direction of Joseph Moore, Esq.,
Superintendent of the Kisdon Iron and Boiler
works in San Francisco, an iron pipe 30 inches
in diameter and 14,000 feet long was manufac-
tured and laid across a depression of nearly a
air. A stand-pipe is adjusted 50 feet from the
inlet, to permit the ready flow of water and the
escape of air which may have entered the pipe.
The pipe is laid in pieces 23 feet in lengtn,
riveted together, and in a trench five feet deep,
and covered with soil to save it from thermal
influences, causing expansion and contraction.
The rivets used were for No. 14 iron, one-fourth
wire, for No. 12, one-fourth; for No. 11, three-
sixteenths; for No. 9, three-eighths; for No. 7,
three-eighths. A steam riveting machine was
employed, Air-valves, with floats, are used at
differents places, not only to allow the esoape
of air, when the pipe is filled, but also to pre-
vent a collapse from atmospheric pressure, in
case a vacuum should be created by some for-
eign matter (for instance, a plug of dry leaveB
accumulated in the ditch) stopping suddenly
the supply of water.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer. of
the li*Bt Annual Report of the U. 8. OornialBsioner of
Mining Statistics.
The Virginia and Truckee railroad company
oarried iu the month of January 19,747 tons of
ore from the Comstock mines to the mills.
This light shipment is due to the stormy
weather in January, when the dumps of several
mines beoame filled, and they were obliged to
stop hoisting.
The Amador Ledger thinks the gold yield of
the quartz mines in that county for 1875, will
be greater than the prodnot of any preceding
year.
One day last week twenty twelve-mule teams
were at Spadra, loading with freight for Pana-
mint,
Improved Water Wheel.
Mr. S. N. Knight, of Sutter creek, California,
has recently patented through the Mining and
Scientific Fbess Patent Agency, an improved
form of bucket for use in hurdy-gurdy wheels.
The invention also comprises an improved
method of fastening buckets to the wheel, so
as to materially increase the effectiveness of
the wheel and reduce the cost of con-
struction.
i The accompanying cuts show the design in
detail. Figure 1 is a perspective view of the
invention, and Figure 2 is an enlarged view of
some of the buckets. A represents the hub,
B the Bpokes, and C, the felloe of a cast iron
wheel. Around the rim 0, of the wheel, are
secured wrought iron or equivalent pressed, or
forged buckets d d, d. In this class of water
wheels, the wheel is secured upon a horizontal
shaft A, as that it rotates in a vertical plane;
and the water is delivered upon the buckets by
a nozzle F, which may be arranged to deliver
the stream upon the buckets at any desired
point in the circumference of the wheel rim.
The comparative effectiveness of tbe wheel will,
therefore, depend on the capacity of the
buckets to utilize the force of the water as it
leaves the nozzle; it being necessary that the
buckets be not only capable of receiving the
force of the entire stream, but also that they
free themselves easily the moment the force of
the water is expended
The buckets d, d, d, are made of wrought
iron, or they can be with forged or pressed
into the desired shape. Then buckets are
made scocp-ahaped, and the base of the scoop
or outer side of each bucket which is farthest
from the wheel rim, is cut out in a semi-circu-
lar form, as at i, so as to provide a sufficient
opening for the entrance of the stream of water
into the buckets, while the sides extern1 up-
ward close to the bucket next above. These
buckets are secured very close together, so that
as the outer edge of each bucket commences to
pass the stream from the nozzle, the water will
strike into the next bucket. Each bucket is
firmly secured to the rim of the wheel so that
the bottom of the scoop will stand at an angle
to the rim as shown.
The stream of water will strike into the
buckets, and, in its reaction, will be discharged,
thus giving the wheel an impetus which i& not
affected by "dead" water; and this action being
continuous, on account of the arrangement of
the buckets, the full force of the water will be
expended to the greatest advantage. Parties
desiring further information may confer with
the inventor at the address given above.
Washington's Birthday.
The date of this week's Peess is close upon
the heels of the anniversary of the birthday of
America's greatest man. The eulogies on
Washington have probably been as numerous
as those that have been bestowed upon any
man that the world has seen; and they will
never cease; for the most brilliant eulogists will
never fail to find something in his charaoter or
record to praise, and his more humble admirers
will realize more and more the greatness and
goodness of America's model man. Our indebt-
edness to Washington as a soldier and states-
man has been duly acknowledged by the pres-
ent and past generations; but it will not be
until many generations have passed away that
the nation fully realizes its indebtedness to
Heaven, through him, in furnishing us with a
model which, lofty as it is, presentB more in-
centives to popular imitation than any other
hero of history; and in the character of Wash-
ington we see this important truth demonstrat-
ed, that greatness and goodness are not incom-
patible. ' ■ '
The recent caving of the Indian Valley
(Plumas county) mining company's grounds
near Greenville, closed up the chute and made
it necessary to have a new one before opera-
tions could be carried on successfully.
Mining matters in the Eeville District, Nov.,
are looking up. It is the intention of those in-
terested in the mines there to have the mill
running this spring.
114
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 20, 1875
.CORRESPONDENCE.
The Sale of American Ores.
Editobs Press: — In the interest of many of
my acquaintances who send their ores to Swan-
sea, London and Liverpool, and of American
ore-shippers generally, I beg to call attention
through the columns of your paper, to a few
facts in connection therewith. As the result of
personal observation I have ascertained that
there exists a "private contraot" system, by
which many lots of auriferous and argentifer-
ous ores are disposed of at rates, much below
those which would be otherwise obtained,
were the ores sold by public ticketing, and the
samples fully and impartially distributed. No-
ticing that several lots had been disposed of
rather quietly, I took occasion to compare what
I afterward learned to be the prices paid with
the rates offered by the Swansea agent of the
Royal United Smelting Works of Germany
(Mr. F. W. Dahne), and found that his prices
would have netted the owners from $30 to $50
more per ton. As the tariff rates of" these
works seem to represent the maximum prices
offered, I will mention in this connection that
Mr. D. pays, in cash, the full tariff rates up lo
Is. lid. per oz. of silver, and 75s. per oz. of
gold. I found, however, that three firms —
Richardson & Co., audElford, Williams & Co.,
of Swansea, and Lewis & Sons, of Liverpool-
were honorable exceptions in the matter of this
private contract system; but I would advise our
ore shippers that if th~y expect fair prices they
must make it a condition that the ores shall be
sold by public ticketing, and that the printed
circulars coutaining the lists of bidders should
be st-nt to them so that they may see if the con-
cerns paying the maximum prices are properly
represented. We have heard a great deal about
American swindlers in connection with English
mining matters, but the existiog facts, as I
have stated them, would seem to indicate that
a counter charge might not be wholly unsus-
taiued. Nevada.
Petroleum in Russia.
The production and refining of petroleum,
which, until recently, was almost exclusively
an American industry, appears to be fast gain-
ing a foothold in many other portions of the
world. We made brief mention last week of
the inception of this business in Germany; to-
day we allude more fully to the enormous pro-
portions which it is assuming in Southeastern
Russia. Mineral oil is found in immense quan-
tities near Baku, a city about midway of the
eastern shore of the Caspian sea, and from
which it can readily be shipped by water
through the river Volga to near the center of
European Russia. Some eighty refineries have
already been established near the oity of Baku,
and systems of pipe3 are being laid down to
convey the oil from the springs and wells to the
refineries which are built along the sea shore.
A large additional number of refineries have re-
cently been projected. Steamers are being
built especially for the traffic to carry oil inbulk,
and railroads are in- contemplation to connect
with the general railway system of the Empire.
It is altogether probable that Russia will soon
become a large exporter of petroleum, and a
rival of America in, that business in European
markets.
Description of the Oil Regions.
The interest which is beginning to attach to
this locality makes opportune some description
of its chief characteristics. Baku is located at
the southeast end of the Caucasian mountains
where- they push out into the Caspian sea form-
ing a peninsula or huge headland. The town,
located at the foot of a steep declivity by the
sea, is a very ancient one, and up to the incep-
tion of this new business contained a popula-
tion of about 5,000 people. It is now rapidly
increasing. Its business, heretofore, has been
confined chit-fly to raw silks, rich carpets,
shawls, rice and neptha. The peninsula upon
which it is located is called Apsheron. It has
always been celebrated for its mud volcanoes
and neptha springs. Near these springs is a local-
ity known as "The Field of Fire," about half a
square mile in extent, from which inflammable
gas is canstantly escaping. In ancient times
this locality was held in the highest veneration
by the Eastern fire worshipers and is even now
frequented by great numbers of pilgrims every
year. They have also several temples there at
which some of the more rigid devotees spend
most of their time in constant worship, and
penitential exercises which often terminate the
lives of the poor deluded wretches.
At one locality not far distant from this, there
is a huge jet of inflammable gas escaping from
the calcareous rocks, and constantly burning
which is especially worshiped as representa-
tive of the divine principle of fire. This utili-
tarian spirit which has now so forcibly iuvaded
the region, will probably lead to a gradual over-
throw of the peculiar religious sentiment which
nas reigned here with so much intensity from
the earliest period of recorded history.
Canadian Reciprocity— What it Means.
The pending treaty for reciprocity with Can-
ada, it is suspected with much reason, is sim-
ply designed to make a way for the transfer of
British capital to that province instead of to
the United States, whither it must soon come
direct, unless let in indirectly, through the
back door, by way of Canada. It is proposed
that the treaty shall continue for the term of
twenty years. With the advantages of such
a length of time Canada would become the
workshop of England, where cheap labor could
be utilized, with an abundant and free market
just across the line. However injurious such
a policy might prove to the industries and rev-
enues of the United States, there would be no
way of abrogating it short of the sword. Con-
gress would be bound hand and foot, and sold
to a British dependency for a term of years.
Bearing none ot the burdens of our debt, re-
ceiving the crude products of our soil and
mines, free of duty, employing the cheap labor
of England, the Canadian manufacturer would
enjoy such advantages as would utterly pre-
clude all possibility of competition on the
part of our own manufacturers.
if Canada desires to build up a better trade
with the American Union let her come into it
and help bear its burdens. Until she thinks
fit to do this, let us endeavor, by a cheap,
honest and stable government, a sound cur-
rency and cheap rate of interest, to so reduce
the cost of living that our mechanics and man-
ufacturers can furnish what we want as cheap-
ly as can those of Great Britain. We can do
all this if we will, without working any hard-
ship to either our moneyed men or to our pro-
ducing classes. Reciprocity with Canada
means starvation at home. It might furnish a
limited market for our breadstuff's there, but it
would, by just so much, diminish our bread-
stuff market at home. Free trade is certainly a
most desirable end; but it would be a ruinous
policy to adopt until we have put our own
house in order.
The Champion Mine.
The Calaveras Citizen says: We visited re-
cently the Champion mine at West Point, and
as it is the mine they " swear by " up there, we
thought it of interest to obtain the following
particulars: It is located three-quarters of a
mile northwest of the town, and is owned by
H.iskins and Hadley. They claim 1,500 feet
and have applied for a patent. The ledge runs
nearly north and south, and has been prosppct-
ed and tested for the distance of 700 f«"et. This
north and south vein varies from 18 inches to 3
feet in width, and where rock has been crushed,
taken from the vein, it has averaged $100 per
ton. Where their working shaft is now located,
at the depth of 75 feet, au east and west vein in-
tersects the north and south vein; this cross
vein had steadily lengthened as they went down,
till now, at the' depth of 140 feet, it has grown
from mere nothing lo 25 feet as tested, and how
much further is to be determined. This cross
vein will average somrthiug over one foot in
thickness and pays from §140 to $200 per ton.
The last rock crushed taken from both veins
paid $140 per ton, and it is olaimed that the
rock now being taken out will pay $200 per
ton; it looked to us as though it would pay
$2,000, for the dump is "yaller as saffron.''
The gold is distributed through the mass of
the rock and not, as in many instances, con-
fined to seams. It is a sutphuret rock of a
bluish cast, and Mr. Haskins informed us that
a tea saucer full of sulphurets, reduced by
means of acids, yielded a teaspoonful of gold,
this being the only test they have ever made.
The mine is worked by means of water-power
hoisting works, and the same power is em-
ployed in pumping the shaft from a tank built
at the depth of 100 feet, where the most of the
water is collected. The water, though, is no
obstacle woith mentioning, as an hours pump-
ing will keep the shaft dry for the day. We
believe, from what we saw and what we were
told, that this mine is equally as good as the
far famed " Sheep Ranch mine," and it may be
safely claimed that Calaveras has two " bonan-
zas" well developed, and better property, for
the amount invested, than feet in the Califor-
nia Consolidated.
The Maeiposa Estate. — We are informed
from a reliable source that the estate which was
sold at sheriff's sale at Mariposa on the 26th of
January last, to justify judgment against it
amounting to the sum of $66,667, and the title
to be got at under it by an arrangement with
the re-incorporated Mariposa Land and Mining
company, the purchaser is to sell and transfer
all to it. It is well understood that all incor-
porations are enabled, through their own re-
sources by assessments where under the au-
thority of California law, to provide and fur-
nish means to protect, develop and make valu-
able their property, that this will really be the
first real chance this much abused property has
had since it was floated upon the New York
market, with millions of stock and bonded
debt — and outstanding titles to afford endless
litigation; this is now arranged to be settled,
and Mariposa will, we hope, assume a name
and reputation which she deserved long since.
We now see an end to all litigation, and the
company being under California law, and un-
der the jurisdiction as the estate, there can be
no more conflicts used to depress and ruin all
in interest as has been heretofore. It has been
a terrible load for a few to carry, but the con-
cern will now oarry itself, and the system will
be upon the cash principle — pay as they go.
—Calaveras Chronicle.
Work and Wages in California.
The following was compiled for the Re-
sources of Calif&rnia, by a gentleman who
is very thorough and painstaking, and we
are able to vouch for the general correct-
ness of his statements and figures. Herein
is an infallible index to the industrial con-
dition of the State:
. Among the most vital questions to which
the would-be-citizen of California early
and rightly demands definite, reliable, and
satisfactory answers, before taking as seri-
ous and important a life-step as that of
breaking away from the associations of
earlier life, and deciding to identify the
fortunes of himself and family with those
of the Golden State, those pertaining to
work and wages naturally stand foremost
in interest and uppermost in importance.
"Is there plenty of my kind of work in
your city and your State? Is the demand
for it permanent and steady? Are wages
good? Is the pay sure? Is it prompt? In
what do we receive our pay? "What is the
price of board? How are rents? What are
the prices of provisions, of fuel and of
clothing? How much will it cost me a
month, or a year, to keep a family of two,
of four, of six?" These and scores of kin-
dred inquiries, closely connected with them
or immediately growing out of them, form
the chief burden of hundreds of letters,
public and private, from individuals, fami-
lies and companies, weekly addressed to
private citizens, prominent officials and,
especially, to ourselves.
They are wholly right and proper. No
sane man, even if single — certainly no
head of a family, in his right mind — unless,
indeed, he be independently rich — could
seriously contemplate an enterprise as im-
portant as that of wholly removing his
earthly home, with all its memories, asso-
ciations, and the myriad life-interests in-
separably involved; certainly should never
finally decide that most vital of life ques-
tions— without having fully collected, care-
fully balanced and deliberately considered
all reliable evidence possibly obtainable.
To answer just such questions, and to
provide others with the means of answer-
ing them; to furnish just such evidence in
a form at once complete and compact, criti-
cally exact and thoroughly reliable in
every particular, and, in point of recency,
brought down to the very beginning of the
new year — 1875 — is the especial purpose of
this paper. To place in the hands, or
within easy reach, of oar numerous sub-
scribers, as well as to furnish our own citi-
zens with the readiest possible facilities for
immediately returning full and authentic
answers to these constantly increasing let-
ters from eastern friends, we have for some
months been contemplating, and, for sev-
eral weeks, carefully collecting facts and
comparing statistics in preparation for the
present article, which wo now confidently
present as a
Recent, authentic and reliable; including
all the essential facts personally obtained
from, original sources, and patiently pre-
pared with the utmost care.
"We have taken especial pains to get both
sides of the case, in regard to every calling,
where it was in any way practicable. We
have not only asked the employer what he
pays, but inquired of the employe what he
gets. At first thought, this might seem su-
perfluous. We have a habit of considering
this a thing so simple that a single inquiry,
and that upon only one side, had generally
appeared quite sufficient. Unlikely as it
may have been considered, however, it is,
nevertheless, a simple fact that this bal-
ancing of inquiries has occasionally re-
vealed quite considerable and even remark-
able discrepancies. In more than one case
the employer, as if anxious to gain credit
for liberality, represented himself as pay-
ing higher wages than the unhesitatingly
unanimous testimony of the employes as-
sured us that they received. On the other
hand, the employes in several instances
understated their pay, as was subsequently
proven by the concurrent testimony of
their mates, and of themselves, even, when
carefully and separately cross-questioned.
In matters of this kind more than in al-
most any other interest of life, human
vanity and human selfishness sometimes
sadly interfere with the veracity and conse-
quent reliability of ' human testimony.
Hence, in attempting to ascertain the facts
about any one calling, it frequently became
necessary to visit and interview from five
to ten different employers in various parts,
not only of the city, but, also, of neighbor-
ing cities and even of the State at large,
and to very carefully question and consider
the evidence of from two to three times as
many employes.
In the tabulated .results hereto appended
we have tried to show, as far as practicable
the highest, the lowest, and especially the
avrage wages paid to the different kina,e
grades, or kinds of operatives employed r,
the various departments of each calling;
to give the daily, weekly Or monthly pay,
according to the particular method or pe-
riod of payment, generally prevalent in
that business, and to state the number of
hours a day generally exacted.
In arranging those which we have se-
lected, we have adopted the alphabetic or-
der.as that which, upon the whole, obvi-
ously involves the fewest objections, and
presents the greatest convenience.
Architects — iWork as usual, either by
special rate or by commission. The sup-
ply so fully equals* the demand that their
commissions or compensations but little
exceed the ruling rates in the larger East-
ern cities. The unprecedented activity in
building, in which San Francisco has far
surpassed herself, even during the last six
months, has correspondingly increased the
fees and wages of all artisans concerned in
the erection, completion and furnishing of I
public or private buildings.
Artists — Are finding increased appreci-
ation and obtaining proportionally better
prices. Diversities of talent, geuius, or
reputation cause such an almost endless
variety of reward that one can hardly ven-<
in re upon even an approximate statement i
of average compensation. Painters of'
landscapes, marine views, theatrical seen—
ery, panel work, etc., are in full force, and
possess an unusual aggregate of talent.
Retouchers and colorers of photographs
obtain from $3 to $1*5 a day. Skilled work-
ers in water-colors command fully as much.
Bakers — These workers of the staff of'
life receive from $40 to $60 a month, and'
board. Foremen get $60 with board and'
lodging; in rare cases they command $100,
while in a few first-class hotels, or extra
fashionable restaurants, the chief baker*
makes even $250 a month. In ordinary
bakeries, second hands have $40, and third
hands $30, with board and lodging in both
cases.
Barbers — Good journeymen barbers-
may depend upon an average pay of from.
$15 to $20 a week, without board. Thpt
usual wages, in the cities and larger towns,*
range from $15 to $25, depending, of course, ■
upon the skill of the workman and the>
amount of custom which the establishment ■
enjoys.
Blacksmiths — Readily command from.
$3 to $4 a day, and generally work ten
hours a day. In the mines they receive an
average of $60 a month, without board..
Foremen get from one-fifth to one -fourth-
more.
Boat-Builders — Work ten hours a day.
for $3. This business employs hardly a
hundred men in all, but they turn out ex-i
cellent work and are steadily increasing in
numbers.
Boiler-Makers — command $3.75 a day,]
generally working ten hours. Flange,
Turners receive $4.
Book-Binders — May depend upon fromi
$2.50 to $5 a day ; boys from $3.50 to $12 a
week.
Book-Keepers — All the way from $60 tol
$200 a month. In some banking houses om
larg6 importing or commission houses,
book-keepers receive from $250 to $300 a
month, but these are so rare as not to affect*
the general average — which we may safely!
set at $125 a month.
Box-Makers— $2.50 a day, for ten hours,
upon either paper or wooden boxes.
Bricklayers— From $4 to $5. Foremeny
$6 to $8.
Butchers — $40 to $75; average, $50 a
month.
Cabinet 7 Makers — Average $4 a day,
More than half of those employed in the
city work by the piece, in which, of course-
their earnings depend directly upon theii
own skill and dispatch.
Carpenters ■— Houfe - carpenters com-
mand $3.50; foremen from $4.50 to $6. Ship
carpenters or joiners, $4.50; foremen, frorx
$5 to $7.50.
Carriage-Makers — Body-makers anc
wheel-wrights average $3 ; trimmers, $4
painters, $2.50 to $3; stripers, $4.
Carters — $2, when the employer fur-
nishes the team; when they furnish anc
keep their own horse and cart, they ge;
from $3.50 to $4.
Carvers — In wood easily command $3.51
a day; when they work by the piece ant
upon fine work, some make as high as $7.50'
or even $8.
Caulkers — $5 a day for nine hours anc
a half.
Chambermaids — In families average $2«
a month and board ;, in hotels, from $25 t<
$30.
Cigar-Makers — Are nearly all China
men. They get 90 cents a day; some as lo*i
as 75 cents, and even 50 cents.
Clergymen — Receive all salaries frorj
one to seven or eight thousand dollars
year Taking city aDd country togethei
the average salary is not far from $1,50C
That of San Francisco is about $2,300.
Clerks. — No calling includes greater d:
versity of talent and occupation, and cor
sequent inequality of compensation. Wage
range from 75 cents a day, for good boy*
writing a good hand, possessing fair know!
edge of business computation, and havin
:;
(Continued on Pagre 118.)
■
February 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
115
jglECHANICAL JgROGRESS
Rollway vs. Railway.
. Another Single Track Railway Device.
A highly interesting paper was recently sub-
mitted to the Civil Eogiueer's Club, of Chicago,
by S. A. Clemens, on the substitution of a roll
way for the railway system now employed on
the great thoroughfares of the country. The
novelty of the ide-i will attract the attention of
til railway mechanics, end the question of it-
possibility will no doubt awaken much discus-
sion. As described in the HaUtcny World, this
new device appears to be a modification of th*
single track railway, which has of late attracte>l
so much attentiou in this city. The roadway
consists of a series of pairs of small wheels or
rollers, each supported by journal box- s. or
equivalents, bolted to timbers, like railroad
ties, which are placed side by side and set fast
in the ground. The way-rollers of each pair
are placed parallel— from three to five feet
apart, according to auy determined gauge — and
the pairs of rollers may be eight to sixteen feet
apart on the line. Midway between the rollers
thus arranged in two parallel rows, is a single
guide-rail, the top of which rs three or four
inches above the level of the rollers, aud its
connected sections are strongly fastened to the
ground limbers to which the rollers are secured,
thus tying the entire superstructure longitudin-
ally together.
The way-rollers, made of chilled iron, or
onverted steel casting-;, are of about five
lfjnehes diameter, with three-inch faces, and
Ifhave on each side journals of two and a half
■inches in diameter and length, which revolve
Bon small steel, anti-friction rollers, in chilled
■ron journal boxes, so closed as to exclude both
feast and rain. Or, preferably, the way-rollers
may be steel or wrought-iron tubes about five
■nches long by four inches outside diameter,
[kml five-eighths of nn inch thick, revolving on
[steel, anti-friction rollers, of about three-eighths
E>f an inch diameter, which encircle and roll
mrouud a short fixed steel shaft, two inches in
Biameter, the ends of which are held in
Supports of hard wood or iron, bolted to the
Ifcround timbers. These tabular way-rollers are
Besigued of three-fold capacity to safely endure
llhe train weights at highest speed to which they
iere to be subjected, while combining low resist-
ance from friction and inertia. For the purpose
>f obtaiuing favorable grades and curves, the
Itround-line is prepared like the ordinary road-
ped, with the exception that the grade is not
necessarily required to be continuous.
tj The cars are to be from thirty to fifty feet in
length, with timber-runners shod with steel,
aid elastic rubber cushions to run over the
iollers, while a system of guide rollers provided
writh flanges run along the central or guide rail,
■o keep the cars from flying the track. The
lutside rollers are placed at intervals, so that
rlhe runners of the car overlap at least three of
ihem at the same time, while they may be
Iplaced closer together if it is found to be desir-
ible.
fl The locomotives have an under construction
Similar to the cars, with steeVshod runners
ippon the outer lines of roUersprhd secured to
•the central Or guide rail by flanged rollers,
the driving wheels of the locomotive are hori-
zontal, in pairs, and bear on opposite sides of
'he double-headed guide-rail. Adjustable pres-
sure for tractive adhesion of the driving-wheels
0 the guide-rail is obtained by spring-
fcushioned screw or eccentric rolling pressure,
It tbe control of the engineman.
I The rollway car-brakes are arranged to act
lirectly on opposite sides of the guide rail, and
they may be made on any operating principle
pow approved by railway usage. At road cross-
ings, a section of the two-guide rail is left out,
Lnd tbe space between adjacent pairs of the
way-rollers is open and unobstructed. This is
made practicable by providing flanges on two
»r three pairs of the way rollers on each side of
fhe crossing, to guide the car-runners in
jtraight lines over the crossing, on the further
tide of which the driving-wheels and guide-
follers again come into position.
I But how about switching this style of cars
Ind locomotives? The inventor has provided
[or this by having a section of guide-rail on the
iue, which being pivoted at one end is swung
outward at the opposite end, to meet in line
Ivith an outside section of switch guide-rail
ffhioh is swung inwardly, both moving simul-
taneously, by mutual connection to the same
Jwitch-lever.
This very general description of the new
joadway presents a problem in engineering
jvhich is probably worth more than a passing
fonsideration. For underground and elevated
Unes of transit the system is especially urged
or its cheapness and security. It is claimed
hat the cost of constructing the rollway is from
■ne-half to two-thirds less than the ordinary
railway, while the cost of equipment is propor-
tionally smaller.
rectly along the axis of the vehicle, one in ad-
vance of the other, and two, one at either side.
The former pair are directing, the latter driving
wheels. The directing wheels are grooved, aud
fit the rail; the others have rubber tires which
give purchase on the macadamised road, and
which press theron only to the extent of 0-07
lb. per square inob. By means of simple mech-
anism, the weight of tho machine may be
thrown either upon the driving or directing
wheels at will. In the first case the maximum
and in the last the minimum of adherence is
obtained, to suit the conditions of a loaded or
an empty bout. A single road is to be used, with
r-lay engines provi b-d at suitable distances.
Each locomotive tows one boat; and when a
meeting takes place of two travelling in oppo-
site directions, the engines change boats and
retrace their p:itbs. This single rail system haw
already been satisfactorily tested for short dis-
tances on the Belgian cauals, and the projector.
U. Larniangat, has obtained a Governm- nt
concession for its extended construction for
forty yeirs. The locomotives ure to weigh I >ur
tons each, and will travel at tbe rate of 3 1
uiile_s per hour, with full boats casing a cargo
of 150 tuns euch.
iCIENTIFIC
j^ROCRESS.
Competitive Propellebs.— A reoently pub-
lished report of comparative tests, made by tbe
E<g!» line of steamers, between the Hirsch and
the Griffiths propellers, shows, s iys the Scien-
tific American, a strong preponderance of ad-
vantages in favor of tbe screws of the former
system. The steamship "Herder"' was fitted
with a Hirsch screw, built for an increased
speed and also with a Griffiths propeller. Tbe
mean results of t»n voyages between Hambure
and New York show for the Griffiths a speed
11-59 knots; time under steam, 10 days 17
hours, 30 miuntes; coal consumed on pa-sa^e,
572 tons; and 519 05 mil»s run on 100 tons°of
coal. For tbe Hir6cb, 13 knots; 9 days and 13
hours; 505 tons and 582 79 miles; a gain of 1%
knots per hour, and an economy of 67 tons of
coal. The Goethe, of the same line, the enaines
of which, like those of the Herder, are of GOO
horse power nominal, was fifed with a Hirsch
screw designed for saving coal. The saving
effected was four tons per 24 hours, and this,
althongh the draught of the vessel was one fool
seven inches more than when the Griffiths
screw was in place. On board the Lessing,
another vessel belonging to the same company,
tho Hirsch propeller caused a gain of 14 7 per
cent, in speed. The official reportB of tbe engi-
neers state that the engines driving the Hirach
screw worked exceedingly smoothly, and that
there was a noticeable absence of any vibration.
An Impboved Freight Cab. — The expense of
hauling so large a proportion of dead weight to
the paying load, as is now carried on railroads,
has of late years attracted a great deal of atten-
tion, and has been the subject of much discus-
sion among railroad managers. Many of our
readers will, therefore, be interested in the re-
ported fact that Mr. Eichard Eaton, late master
of motive power of the Grand Trunk railroad,
has devised a car of much lesa weight than
those generally in use, but with the strength
and capacity for carrying about one-third more
weight
If this object is attained, the advantages
which will result therefrom are, of course,
very great. The usual load for ordinary cars is
20,000 pounds, their weight being about the
same. A train of 30 cars will, therefore, carry
600,000 pounds of freight. The cars will be of
about equal weight, and, with that of the loco-
motive, the total weight of the train will be
1,300,000 pounds. A train of the improved
cars, of equal weight, would consist of SO such
loaded cars. They will, however, each carry
40,000 pounds of freight, or a total of 800,000
pounds, or one-third more than the other train.
Three trains of the improved cars will, therefore,
transport as muoh freight as four with ordinary
cars. The saving resulting therefrom is,of course
very apparent. These cars are especially in-
tended for the grain traffic of the East and West
roads, and their use, it is claimed, will reduce
the cost of transportation very materially.
The Future of Telegraphy.
The improvements which have been made
during the past five years upon the Morse sys-
tem of telegraphing are but little less wonderful
thau tbe original invention. Ten years ago any
operator would have considered a piece of ab-
surd folly tbe notion that two messages going
in opposite directions could be simultaneously
sent upon one wire, but the Stearns instruments
have not only succeeded in accomplishing this,
but they have ulso made it possible to use one
wire to send four messtges at the same mo-
ment.
The duplex instrument was followed by the
quadruple, and it is now only a question
whether the capacities of a single wire cannot
be further inultipli d. Mr. Stearns' inventions
were simply extensions of the Morse system, !
aud in the view of many practical electricians
tliere are other systems which will prove to be
of far greater advantage than it. Theautomatio
telegraph is yet crude, and presents several op-
portunities for improvement, but it cannot be
doubted that with the addition of certain me-
chanical aids it would approach nearly to the
perfection of cheap and rapid telegraphy. The
competition b-twe=n the Morse and the auto-
matic system is developing both, and as sue.
c^-sive discoveries increase the speed and di-
minish the cost of transmission, we approach
the period when the telegraph shall be as facile
a servant of the public as the mails nowHre.
All the.-e inventions tend to secure the great
grain of amber, and they still retained the
fragrance at the end of that time. He remarks
that evety inoh of their surface has been im-
pregnated by 1-2,691, 064,007 of one grain of
amber, and that they had perfumed for 11,600
days a film of air at least a foot in thickness.
Evidently the material quantity of the odorous
principle contained in a given volume of such
air is so minute as to elude imagination. We
can readily conceive how philosophers cite such
instances to give a notion of the divisibility of
matter.— Popular Science Monthly.
Progress of Chemical Science.— Where is
the chemist who, living 50 y. ars ago, would
have believed that, bikingfora starting point the
elements of water, air, carbonic acid, azote and
oxygen, it would have been possible to com-
pose substances which have nothing analogous
in mineral chemistry, sneh as the odorous prin-
ciples of fruits; the irritating essenoes of gar-
lie and mustard; the waxy matters known un-
der the names of Chinese wax, and that of
whales and bees; alkiloids. similar to mor-
phine, quinine, nico ine; the sweet scent of
mint; and essence such as camphor; of cinna-
mon, cummin, anni*eed; the acids of ants, of
vinegar, butter, valerin, benzoin, sour milk
and sorrel; the azotic, matter contained in the
bile. All these and many more, the chemist
creates at his will. If he cannot fix iu his re-
torts the vital principle, be can comp ise the
necesssry materials for a living being, and form
as he pleases, a new world of immediate prin-
ciples which are not met wiih in any known or-
ganisms. Thus the domain of organic chem-
istry grows wider as the funotions of these com-
posite types b come bett r known; and yet,
ai'er gaining such a hight, more extended hori-
object of oheap telegraphing. By the use of the I zons epread before it, new worlds await the bold
improved methods i hat are now being worked up ' f.*P.'°fer,', Bn* '' ', scarcely possible to assign a
the cost of the transmission of messages can b-
reduced to something near the pro rata charged
in England, where the telegraph is made a de-
partment of the Government, and the tariff
placed at a rate above the actual cost. To this
end the uted of men of large practical experi-
ence is most necessary, and it is a ma ter of no
small interest in this direction that Col. Eckert
has recently resigned hiB position in the employ
of the Western Union Telegraph to devote his
time exclusively to working out to its f allest ex-
tent the problem of cheap telegraphy.
The piojress of telegraphy iu England is far
behind what has been achieved in this country.
Their systems are so slow and efficient, as com-
pared with the more advanced systems employed
on this side of the Atlantic, that it is claimed
our companies may reduce their tariffs to the
cost piice in England and still realize a profit
which shall afford a fair interest on their in-
vestments.
Steam Towage on Canals. — According to the
Ihomfeur Indiistriel Beige, a. system of steam
'Owage is about to be established on the Bour-
logne canal, over a distance of about 150 miles.
The tow path will be laid with a siugle rail
weighing some 16 lbs. to the yard, and fixed on
raverses placed 3-2It. apart. The looomotive
tas four wheels, two of which are placed di-
Effect of Frost on Bailboading. — Many
experiments, says Nature, have been tried in
France to test the effects of cold on railway
axles. Many engineers suppose that accidents
to wheels do not result from any diminution of
tenacity of the metal, but merely from the road
losing all its elasticity owing to the frost hard-
ening the surface of the earth. A fact which can
be adduced as a strong argument in favor of
that theory was observed by the inhabitants of
Montmartre daring the last period of frost. The
passing of the trains which run so frequently
through the Batignolles tunnel at a distance of
half a mile, was heard by them day and night,
which is never the case in ordinary circum-
stances. As soon as the thaw set in the trains
ceased to be heard; the earth having resumed
its former elasticity, the sounds were dissipated
as before. It has been observed by French
railway engineers that thaws are apt to lead to
the breaking of axles and ohains. The elastic-
ity being only partially recoveted, many shocks
affect the trains when running at a fast rate,
and are apt to lead to catastrophes.
Blast Furnace Progress in the North of
England. — Notwithstanding that there has
been no increase in the production of either
iron ore, pig iron, or finished iron, still the
smelting capabilities of the north of England
have daring 1874 made substantial progress, by
the erection of twelve new blaBt furnaces in
that region. This will give a possible yield of
at least 200,000 tons in excess of twelve months
ago.
An Extraordinary Change in Temperature.
— A correspondent of the Germantown Tele-
graph writes to that journal as followB:
I had an extraordinary experience on the 8th
and wish to relate it to you. The morning was
cloudy and the temperature mild and pleasant
— suitable to go to the interior, one mile and a
half distant for firewood. While on the way
down to the woods snow commenced falling,
the wind being from the south, and continued
to snow until within one mile of my home on
my way back with the load of wood, when all
of a sudden, the wind shifted to the northwest
with a perfect fury of snow, cold and dust from
the dry roads and fields. The scene was a fear-
ful and an interesting one, and having read of
a simitarfchange somewhere inNebraska, winter
before last, I could not but query about my
own prospective fate, "am I to perish here from
cold when only a mile from home?" The thick
clothing seemed to be of no more account than
one thickness of linen.
Well, I succeeded in getting home, it was
about 11 o'clock, A. m. aud the mercury in the
thermometer at. zero. Before the change of the
wind it was at about 30 degrees, and the fall of
the mercury was 30 degrees while I was travel-
ing one mile. There was no stoppage on the
way and the horses quickened their walk, seem-
ing to be as anxious to get home as I was. Al-
lowing 25 minutes for my traveling one mile,
on a good road, the mercury sunk 30 degrees in
25 minutes — a little more than one degree to
each minute. The range of the mercury after
11 o'clock was as follows: 12.2 degrees below
zero; 1.5 degrees below zero; 3,8 degrees below
zero ; 4. 10 decrees below zero ; 5.12 degrees below
next morning at 6, 20 degrees below zero, and
shorty after began to rise, but kept bslow zero
all the time until to-day, the 10th, when at 9
o'clock it got above, and thus has ended an ex-
perience suoh as people in the Atlantic States
never see, and only now and then that we do.
[The sadden change in temperature noticed
was, no doubt, the result of a sudden down pour
of snow from a great night in the atmospheret
— Eds. Press.]
limit to its progress. — Chamber's journ-tl.
A Constant Electbio Light. — i new and
intensely white light has recently heen in vented
and exhibited by Mr. William D ty. of Ohio.
A thin ribbon of carbon is sn-pended heUeen
two plminum poles and covered by a gl -l e
containing dry carbonic acd g ■«. Tbe ribbon
receives ah electric current from a fca'tery, and
while in tie atmosphere of ih" gas incomes
brilliantly incandescent. The carbon is not
oonsumed, and the light is s lid to he perfectly
constant. The method was inv n'ed by Prof.
Osborn, of Miami University, who at first
thought it necessary to use very thin strips of
carbon, but the light is now produced with
much larger ribbons and with little combus-
tion. The heat generated has never as yet
broken the small glass globe containing fhe
ribbons. This light being constant, and not
requiring the combustion of carbon, may prove
much more useful to scientific lecturers than
the ordinary electric or oxhydrogen lights, both
of which are troublesome to handle. The
electric light which is so intense and so cheap,
when it is produced by motion transformed
into electricity by means of magnets, has not
yet said its last word; on the contrary, it is
still in its infancy. In the end it will no doubt
be used all over the world for illuminating
lighthouses, ships and workshops, nor mujt
the immense services rendered by electricity
during the siege of Paris be forgotten.
Important and Interesting to Gold As-
sayees.— Mr. Dillon, the assayer to the Japan-
ese Imperial mint at Osaka, in his report. Bays;
I have very rarely detected iridium during the
assay of the fine gold received for ooinage, and
never iu the coins themselves. In the assay of
sweep ingots from the melting room, however,
it is invariably present in the cornet in such
large quantities as to invalidate the accuracy of
the assay. I have a piece of gold from the bot-
tom of a pot where the iridium alloy is scat-
tered through the metal in steel-colored crys-
talline grains of great hardness. As the ar-
rangements of the refinery do not allow of the
treatment I proposed for separating the iri-
dium, my only plan has been to distribute the
gold of the sweep ingots among several pots,
when the iridium appears to alloy with the ex-
cess of gold ; at least I have never succeeded in
deteoting any in the resulting bars or coins.
Diffusibtlity of Odors. — A curious fact,
well worthy of attention, is the remarkable dif-
fusibility and degree of subdivision exhibited
by some odorous substances. Ambergris just
thrown up on the shore spreads a fragrance to
a very great distance, which guides the seekers
after that precious substance. Springs of petro-
leum oil are Bcented at a very considerable dis-
tance. Bartholin affirms that the odor of rose-
mary at sea renders the shores of Spain distin-
guishable long before they are in sight. So, too,
every one knows that a single grain of musk
perfumes a room for a whole year, without Ben-
sibly losing weight. Haller relates that he has
kept papers for forty years perfumed by a
The English Channel Tunnel appears to
be fast assuming shape for the early inception
of the enterprise. It has evidently received a
Dew impetus from the late visit of the Lord
Mayor of London to Paris, and it is now hoped
by the friends of the enterprise on both sides
that the work will soon commence. It is esti-
mated that the tunnel can be made in four
years, for a million Bterling(?) at the outside
and probably in less time and for less money!
Experimental operations ire to be commenced
immediately. A shaft is to be sunk on each
coast one hundred and fifty yards deep, and
driven thence under the sea in ordinary drifting
for a mile and a half, with a downward inclina-
tion. These driftings could afterward form the
beginning of the tunnel at each end, so that at
no very distant day a trip from London to Paris
may be contemplated without the horror of
"crossing the channel," bo long the terror of the
timid tourist.
Water in Glue.— Some recently carefully
conducted investigations have developed the
unexpected faot that 16 to 18 per cent, of water
may be obtained from the best of ordinary
sheet glue. The presence of so much water
was quite unexpected; and the quantity is near-
ly the same in fresh and in seasoned specimens,
it is not a make-weight, although steam is very
freely used in the rooms where glue is packed
by the manufacturers.
116
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 20, 187s-
Important to inventors.-
cision.
-A Correct De
It has heretofore been the practice of the
Patent Office to reject applications for patents
on former rejected cases. This has always ap-
peared to us to be -wrong, because a rejected
application is not a live reference. If a first
applicant did not see fit to prosecute Mb case
after it was rejected by the office, or introduce
his invention to the public, it ought to be
considered as an abandoned invention as much
so as when a person invents something and
fails to make application for a patent within a
specified time; and a subsequent and more
diligent inventor steps in and secures the. pat-
ent. Id. the latter instance the law upholds the
diligent man, but in the former it rejects him.
Many valuable inventions have been lost to the
world, 'simply because the inventor became
discouraged by a rejection, and failed to pros-
ecute his case; and his rejected case would
then stand as a bar to every subsequent appli-
cant. Thus the world is deprived of the inven-
tion because no one would take the trouble to
manufacture what every body else has as
much right to make as himself. This rule of the
Patent Office has been abandoned and rejected.
Cases will not, hereafter, prevent inventors
from securing their patents. We append the
decision of the Commissioner of Patents in
which this "new departure" is taken.
In the matter of the application of George L.
Bouse and M. W. Stoddard, for a patent for
an alleged " Improvement in Wheels," filed
May 18ih, 1874.
Appeal From the Examiners-in-Chief.
Two claims are left in the application which
the Examiner rejects for want of novelty, citing
as reference the patent of P. Murphy, August
12, 1873, and the application of Charles Spof-
ford, filed August 2, 1871, and rejected the 8th
day of the same month. The Examiners-in-
Chief have affirmed the decision of the Exam-
iner below, on the ground that the patent of
Murphy is a good and sufficient answer to the
claims of applicants. They have not discussed
the pertinency of the rejected application of
Spofford, as a reference.
After a cireful examination, I have come to
the conclusion that the Murphy patent is not
a sufficient answer to the claims of Rouse and
Stoddard, which are limited to the special con-
struction shown and described by them. It is
admitted, however, that the construction of
wheel hubs shown and described in the appli-
cation of Spofford is almost identically the
same as that of appellants. More than two
years having elapsed since the final rejection of
Spofford's claim, his application is regarded as
abandoned under the 32d section of the Patent
Act.
It is insisted on the part of applicants that,
in view of the recent decisions of the courts, a
rejected and abandoned application does not
constitute a bar to the grant of the patent
sought by them. It becomes necessary, there-
fore, to examine this question and determine
the practice of the office in view of the deci-
sions referred to.
Within a few years, several decisions have
been rendered iu the United States Circuit
Courts, in which the effect on patents of prior
rejected applications has been discussed; but
the question did not receive the attention of
tbe Supreme Court, until the case of Brown
vs. Guild came up on appeal during the Octo-
ber term of 1873. One of the defenses set up
against the Brown patent was an old applica-
tion filed by Remy and Kelly in June, 1850,
which was rejected and withdrawn the August
following. The evidence showed that only one
machine was ever made by them, and this
merely for experiment in the year 1849. In
discussing the effect of this application on the
validity of Brown's patent, the Court uses the
following language:
"Tbe experiment made in 1849, when Remy
worked it by hand, was a mere experiment,
which was never repeated. It may have pre-
sented one or two ideas in advance of other
machines, but it can hardly be said to antici-
pate the machine which we have described as
Brown's. Were it not for the application for
a patent it would justly be regarded as an aban-
doned experiment, incapable of being set up
against any other claim. Can the fact that
such an application was made and afterward
voluntarily withdrawn, and never renewed,
make any difference? We think not. Had a
patent been actually granted to Remy and
Kelly, it would have been different. The case
would then have come directly within the
seventh section of the act of 1836, which makes
a 'patent,' or a 'description in a printed publi-
tion' of the invention claimed, a bar to a fur-
ther patent therefor. But a mere application
for a patent is not mentioned as such a bar. It
can only have a bearing on the question of
prior invention or discovery. If, upon the
whole of the evidence, it appears that the al-
leged prior invention or discovery was only an
experiment, and was never perfected or brought
into actual use, but was abandoned and never
revived by the alleged inventor, the mere fact
of having unsuccessfully applied for a patent
therefor cannot take the case out of the cate-
gory of unsuccessful experiments." Brown vs.
Guild, 6 Off. Gaz., 392.
There can be no mistake as to the meaning
of this language; the doctrine is distinctly an-
nounced that a mere application is not a legal
bar to the grant of a patent to a subsequent ap-
plicant. This decision must be heeded by the
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Hitting1 and Scientific Frees and
other S. F. Journals.!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale-. Secretary. Place of Business.
Adams Hill Cons M Co Eureka Nev
Alps S M Co Ely District
American Flat M Co Washoe
Bellcvue M Co Cat
Bowery Cons M Co Ely District
Caledonia S M Co Washoe
Oeuerburg G M Co Cal
Cherry Creek M & M Co Nevada
Confidence M Co Cal
Coos Bay Oregon Coal Co Oresnn
Daney M Co Washoe
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Davton G A S M Co Washoe
El Dorado South Cons M Co Nevada
El Dorado Water iDGMOo Cal
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Florida S M Co Washoe
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Imnerial S >i Co Wnshoo
Iowa M Co Washoe
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Mahogany HASMCo Idaho 1-5
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20
3 00
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75
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1 so
15
21 1 00
2 25
21 2 00
13 5 00
5 1 U0
1-5 2 00
8 1 HO
9 20
18 1 110
31 1 00
1 00
3 00
50
1 110
1 00
2 00
1 00
2 00
1 00
5
Feb 16
FehlO
Feb 8
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Deo 15
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Aprils
Mar IH
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April 12
W W Traylor 408 California fit
O D Squire Cor California & Mont
C A Sankey
D F Verdenal
OE Elliott
R Wegener
D M Bokee
D F Verdenal
W S Anderson
T P Beach
G R Sninney
W S Duval
W E Dean
W Willis
H Elias
W Willis
L Hermann
L Kaplan
CO Palmer
J F Liphtner
W Willis
WE Dean
A D Carpenter
A Noel
J S Kennedy
P Swift
C B Hlggins
J W Colburn
D A Jennings
W Willis
T Derby
J Hardy
W E Townsend
T L Kimball
W Willis
T W Colburn
W Willis
J W Clark
Frank Swift
W K Dean
O H Bogart
D F Verdenal
Q W R King
WE Dean
L Kaplan
J M Buffing ton
331 Montgomery st
409 California sb
419 California st
414 California st
215 Sansome st
409 California st
210 Battery at
424 Montgomery st
320 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California st
416MontEOmery st
419 California st
11 Pint- st
Merchants' Ex
41 Market st
438 California st
419 California st
419 California st
6d5 Clay st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
4'9 California st
402 Montgomery st
418 California st
401 California st
419 California st
320 California st
418 California st
330 Pine st
4H9 California st
419 California st
418 California st
4 9 California st
418 California st
419 California st
4)9 California st
402 Montgomery st
409 California st
434 California st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alpine GM AM Co Oal
California and Arizona M Co Arizona
Culifornia Cons M & M Co Cal
Carrie Hale Hydraulic M & W Co Cal
Combination G & S M Co Panamint
Con Ret'onna L & S M Co Lower Cal
Edith Quicksilver M Co
Emma Hill Cons M Co
Enterprise Cons M Co
Equitable Tunnel M Co
"420" M Co
Gold Mountain G M Co Bear valley Cal
Hasloe MAMCo Mariposa Co Cal
Hayes G it r> M Co Robinson Dist
Illinois Central M Co Idaho
Imperial S M Co Washoe
Kearsarge Cons Quicksilver M Co Cal
Little Panoche Quicksilver M Co Cal
Occidental M Co Nev
Ophir G M Co Bear valley Cal
Patten M Co Washoe
Pinto M Co White Pine
Prussian lUSMCo
San Jose M Co
Silver Cloud G ASM Co
Silver Wesi Cons M Co
Table Mt Alpha M Co
Union ConM Co
Webfoot M Co
Wyoming G M Co
Yarborough S M Co
Oal
Utah
Cal
Utah
Washoe
Nye Co Nevada
Egan Canon
Cal
Eureka Nev
Oal
Washoe
Elko Co Nev
Cal
Kern Co Cal
I 25 Feb 11
10 Jnn8
1 00 Jan 14
10 Jan 15
10 Deo 28
50 Dec 24
20 Dec 23
40 Jan 29
12^Deo 26
25 Jan 12
1 OH Dec 29
1 00 Jan 25
1 25 Jan 13
2<l Jan 4
30 Deo 24
1 00 Feb 10'
30 Dec 28
20 Feb I
50 Feb 2
10 Jan 22
20 Feb 3
10 Jan 9
1 00 Jan 12
5 00 Jan 27
25 Feb 8
10 Jan 13
1 00 Feb 5
ftO Feb 6
25 Jan 23
50 Jan 13
30 Dec 23
Mar 23
« eb 22
Feb 16
Feb 24
Feb 1
Jan 30
Feb 3
Mar 8
Feb 6
Feb 17
Feb 2
Mar 6
Feb 16
Feb 12
Jan 30
Mar 17
Feb 8
Mar 4
Mar 9
Mar 2
Mar*
Feb 15
Feb 18
Mar 8
Mar 15
Feb 20
Mar 15
MarlO
Mar 3
Feb 27
Jan 30
April 14
Mar 12
Mar 5
Mar 17
Feb 23
Feb 20
Feb 23
April 5
Mar 3
Mar 9
Feb 20
Mar 31
Mar 16
Mar 8
Feb 23
Apr 7
Feb 22 .
Mar 25
Mar 29
Mar 27
Mar 29
Mar 8
Mar VI
April 13
April 12
Mar 20
April 5
Mar 29
Mar 30
MarlB
Feb 23
J F Lightner 431 California st
T E Jewell 507 Montgomery st
J W Tripp 408Oofi(brmast
H Knapp Merchants' Ex
D Wilder Merchants' Ex
A D Carpenter 605 Clav st
W Stuart 113 Liedesdortf st
G J Cole 302 Montgomery st
F J Hermann 418 Kearny st
C S Healv Merchants' Ex
E F Stone 419 California st
J P O ivallier 513 California st
W A M Van Bokkelen 419 Cal st
G R Spinney 320 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 California st
R H Brown
W E Derm
J McAflee
G R Spinney
A K Deubrow
J P Oavallier
L Hermann
A K Dnrbrow
R H Brown
A Carrlgan
A A Enquist
F R Bunlier
T F Cronise
J M Bufflngton
D A Jennings
J M Buffingtun
E Barry
408 California^
320 California st
Marehants' Ex
■'"'i-i California at
330 Pine st
438 California st
402 Montgomery st
WH Front st
71 New Montg'y at
0UG Montgomery st
434 California st
Merchants' Ex
401 California at
Merchants' Ex
415 Montgomery st
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Location. Secretary.
;£tna Gravel M Co
Altona Gravel M Co
Fresno Quicksilver M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Hayes G &, S M Co
Independence Cons M Co
Indus M Co
Justice M Co
Omega Table Mountain M Co
Patten M Co
Sutro Tunnel Co
Tintic M & M Co
Vivian G & S M Co
Cal
Cal
Cal
Idaho
Washoe
Wnsboe
Cal
Wasboe
Washoe
Utah
D Wilder
D Wilder
R Wegener
L Kaplan
OR Spinney
F J Hermann
D Wilder
Caller) by Trustoes
D Wilder
L Hermann
P W Amas
HO Miller
H S Fitch
Office in S. F.
Merchants' !■>:
Merchants' Ex
414 California et
Merchants' Ex
320 California st
418 Kearny st
Merohunts' Ex
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
33U Pine st
320 California st
411li California et
535 California st
Meeting*.
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Date,
Feb 23
Feb 23
Feb 26
Marl
Feb2S
Feb 23
Mar 3
MarlS
Fob 24
Mar 4
Mar 1
Mar 3
Mar 4
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
Name of Co.
Belcher M. Co.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot MiMCo
Consolidated Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Location. Secretary.
Washoe. H- O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe D T Basley
Washoe C E Elliott
N. C. Fa^set.
Nev WW Traylor
Nevada D F Verdenal
months)— MINING
Office in S. F.
419 California st
•
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay St.
419 California st
* 409 California st
INCORPORATIONS.
40
3H0
2 00
1 00
Payable.
Jan II
Fen 19
Nov 16
Feb 11
Jan 12
Jan . 25
Feb 5
Feb 5
Commissioner of Patents, and govern him in
regulating the practice of the office. I have
had frequent occasion to state my views on the
necessity of harmony between the practice of
the Patent Office and the rulings of the Courts.
There can be no question about the propriety
of this course. The Commissioner ought not
either to issue patents which the courts will de-
clare invalid, or to refuse the grant on grounds
which have already been considered judicially
and declared insufficient. But it will be no-
ticed that the Supreme Court does not entirely
ignore abandoned applications, for it is stated
that they have a bearing on the f question of
prior invention or discovery," and the effect of
the application is made to depend on the ques-
tion of actual use of tbe invention described
therein.
It has been urged in argument that if no ob-
ject! on. appears to the grant sought by Rouse
and Stoddard, except the abandoned application
of Spofford, the Commissioner should issue
tha patent and allow the question of public use
to be determined hereafter in the courts. The
suggestion must have its origin in a miscon-
ception of the duty of the Commissioner of
Patents. The law makes him something more
than a mere ministerial officer, whose function
is to issue letters patent simply for the asking.
The Commissioner is made the guardian not
only of the rights of inventors, but also of the
interests of the public. It is just as solemnly
his duty to refuse to issue a patent which
clearly ought not to be granted, as to grant the
issue when the applicant shows an unimpeached
right to the invention.
In this case, if without further inquiry the
Commissioner should issue a patent to Bouse
and Stoddard, and it should afterwards appear
that the invention of Spofford was put into
public use, it would be invalid, as I understand
the decision which has been quoted. It is his
duty, therefore, to inform himself on this ques-
tion, if possible, and the application of Spof-
ford indicates the direction in which inquiry
may be made. The only question in my mind
is how to proseoute the investigation. The
law restricts interferences to unexpired patents
and pending applications. An interference,
therefore, cannot be declared with an aban-
doned application. I have no doubt whatever,
kowever, that the Commissioner of Patents has
ample authority to institute an ex parte inquiry
at any time, for the purpose of determining
^whether or not a statutory bar exists to the
grant of a patent for which application is pend-
ing. This is necessary to enable him to com-
ply with the statute. Unsatisfactory as ex
parte evidence may be, it appears to be the only
source of information open to the Commis-
sioner in cases like the present, without fur-
ther legislation, and I do not believe that in a
single instance a patent should issue for an in-
vention shown in a prior abandoned applica-
tion without an attempt, at least, to settle the
question of public use.
The decision of the Examiners-in-Chief, af-
firming the Examiner on reference to the patent
of Murphy, is reversed. The application of
Bouse and Stoddard 1b remanded to the Exami-
ner, who is instructed to forthwith dispatch
letters of inquiry to the applicant Spofford, and
to his attorney of record, for the purpose of
ascertaining whether the invention of the for-
mer has been brought into actual nse. At the
same time they will be informed that an appli-
cation is now pending for the same invention.
and that the inquiry is made for the purpose of
determining the right of subsequent applicants I
to a patent therefor. Information furnished I
by them should be in the form of affidavits,
clearly and fully setting forth the facts in the
case. Counter affidavits will also be received
from applicants if they so desire. The issue
of a patent will be determined by the informa-
tion thus received.
Until otherwise ordered, this will be the rule
and practice in the Patent Office in like cases. -
J. M. Thaoheb,
Commisioner of Patents.
Ex. A. E. B., Jan. 28, 1875.
Mining Stocks.
The mining stock market still continues in a
depressed condition; prices being low. Trans-
actions for the past week have been few com-
pared with the usual business of the Board.
The news from the bon anza mines continues
good, and a few years ago news like that now
received, would send stocks to "top shelf"
prices. Now, however, the stagnation is so
great that hardly anything can insure a rise.
Everybody seems to be waiting for prices
to touch bottom so that they can all get in be-
fore a rise. Some very heavy sales of Consol-
idated Virginia were made this tfeek, which
caused a temporary excitement. The strike in
Woodville and the rise in Savage helped to en-
liven things a little, but the market generally
has been dull.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Thursday, February 11.
morning session.
31.5 Alpha UQISM
1315 Best & Belcher. . . .52@57
MO Belcher
50 Baltimore....
450 Ohollar
170 Crown Point 285(32!
51)0 Confidence 15W@17
80 Con Virginia.. 445taW50
250 California 53@54
80 Caledonia 18k(a)19
300 OGHill 3
175 Daney l®l>g
230 Empire 6l4@hx4
90 Exchequer 175@19U
200 Globe IJtf
060 Gould* Curry 18@I9
20 Hale AWorcross. 38^(0*40
890 Imperial &H(mf
160 Julia 5K(a)fi
180 Jacket 72@72S
70 Justice 85@90
110 Knickerbocker. ..A® 04
280 KButuck 14J£
88li L Bryan 5!£@5
075 Mexican 23!4|a 24
385 Overman 58@60
I ('.'Ophir 66@70
270 Savage 85[gj90
130 S Nevada Viii
100 S Belcher 87M@95
470 Succor A%
8^0 U Consolidated..., 8^S)9
AFTERNOON SESSION.
415 Meadow Valley.. ..7@7}tf
315 Riiy. A Ely 34
45 Eureka Con H1-.
15 Pioche i)£
210 Am Flag 1XA®1%
45 Belmont
300 Newark
70 M Belmont' 2
370 Rye Patch 5^@33bj
400 Prussian 50c
70 Mansfield 9"
70 Golden Chariot.. 4M©4
000 Booth iy,
100 Ida Elmore 1&
360 Bullion 2B@2H
770 Utah 3'i.i«r^
170 Silver Hill....
15 EcliDse ,
15 Challenge 6
280 Dnyton "i@%%%
125 Rock Island .T@8k
590 New York 8M@3J£
90 Occidental 4H
33J Phil Sheridan l@li*,
225 Am Flat 5_k
950 "Woodville 5^@6
50 Mint ti'iKc
290 Lady "Washington 2<a2l<
300 Kossuth VA%\%
170 O. G. Hill 3033$
200 Jacob Little 2
100 Leo 1M
330 Andes 6>4@'.
*'0 Omega 2%
925 Wella-Fargo 60c
170 North Carson 5J*
700 Niagara 90c@l
This Week.
Thursday, February 18.
mobntnq session.
250 Alpha 15@16
905 Beat «fc Belcher. ..51^@.S2
520 Belcher 3(>1..iyi3il<
265 Baltimore 6M
240 Bullion 25
36 Chollar 69@59J*
585 Crown Point i&@30
270 Confidence 15&[@16
135 Con Virginia 430®J35
2110 California 48^)60
210 Caledonia .. ....18|g)18j£
.50 Challenge 5@t>
7up Dayton 3
130 Empire.. fiji
255 Gould & Curry. ..19^'@2tf
300 Globe l@i^
35 Hale &. Norcroas.42k@43
410 Imperial 8,^@8M
10 Justice 80
140 Julia , 4>£
KMKentuck 16@I5&
20 Knickerbocker 4
350 Lady Bryan 6(S)6^
750 Mexican 2^@!i4
165 New York 3@3M
400 Ophir 72®7I
65 Occidental 3«
200 Phil Sheridan i
263 Savage 105fffi|12,'£
380 SierraNevada....ll@llM
240 Succor 1^(<21«
266 Silver Hill 7(a<7i|
109 Senator 75o
795 Union Con 7@7>fi
580 Utah 3@S%
1335 Woodville 5 .
30 Yellow Jacket 73
AFTERNOON SESSION.
50 American Flag 2
40 Andes 7@8
410 Bellmont 7}^@7M
200 Chief of Hill 2*0
70 Eureka Con..„15M@15W
230 Golden Chariot.. 6,'^@63i
550 Ida Ellmore 2^@2k
300 Koaauth 73@4
135 Lady Washington. .2@2!2
50 Leo \%
395 Meadow Valley.. ..5%(Slfi
65 Manefield 10@10J4
200 Mint .• 35o
115 Newark 25c!ffi50c
100 Niagara 62c@l
130 O.G. Hill 3%@3%
120 Prussian 1%\<ifl%
365 Raymond A Ely... 38@39
155 Rye Patch 4
30 SegRock Island 1
50 "Washington A Creote.75c
.500 Webfoot 50c
40 "Wellfl-Fargo 50c
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Olerk' s Office at San Fran-
cisco:
Oakland Quicksilver M. Co.— Feb. 11. Location:
El Dorado county. Directors— James Hall, William
Craib, Peter Miller, Frank H. Merrill and Weston Gib-
sou. The officers are as follows : President, James
Hall; Secretary, D. W. Walker; Treasurer, Peter Miller;
Superintendent, William Craib.
"Pacific Gas CABBOBETiNa Co. — Feb, 12. Object:
Manufacturing and dealing in carburets for furnishing
cosl and other illuminating gases. Directors — Henry
F. Williams, Josiah Howell, Jos. Davis, S. Schreiber,
V. M. O. Silva, Fred Clay and B. L. Brandt.
Panamint Con. M. Co. — Feb. 13. Location: Pana-
mint District, Inyo Co., Cal. Capital stock, $6,000,000.
Trustees— O. W. Kellogg, A. H. Harris, J. W. Dall, R. N.
Graves and N. B. Stone.
Jennt Glynn G. M. Co. — Feb. 15. Location: Coul-
terville District, Mariposa county, Cal. Capital stock,
$1,000,000. Directors— Frank Meyer, W. D. Delaney,
C. P. Gibbons, B. F. Hukoe and J. P. MoBher.
Consolidated Occident G. & 8. M. Co. — Feb. 15.
Location: Alpine county, Cal.. Capital stock. $6,000,-
000. Directors— T. G. MHguire, Aug. F. Bernard, P. M,
Wellin, James Conway and Eugene Cut-not.
West Crown Point S. M. Co. — Feb. 16. Location:
Gold Hill, Nev Capital stock, $6,000,000. Directors—
A.Eberhart, S. Wanderlin, H. Steinegger, J. C. Bollin-
ger and John Glor.
Prospect G. & S. M. Co Feb. 17. Location: Silver
Glen District, Nev. Capital stock, $10,000,000. Direc-
tors—J. B. Cooper, S, H. Phillips, J. P. Moore, L. P.
Waller, Wm Lee, J. R. Blumenberg, David Goodman,
J. B. T.eadwell and Joseph Napthaly.
Rocky Bar Q. M. Co.— Feb. 17. Location: Sonoma
connty, Cal. Capital stock, $5,000,000. Directors—
James L. Nash, B. L. Brandt, James Bowning, A. Hnl-
sey and J. H. Blumenberg.
Grangers' Bosinebs Association or California.—
Capital stock, $1,000,000 in 40,000 shares. Object: To
deal in all kinds of agricultural produce, live stock and
general merchandise; to charter and load vessels, and
ship grain to foreign countries.
The Truckee Stock Board commenced oper-
ations on Monday.
February 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
117
ining Summary.
The following is mostly condensed from Jouraale pul>-
liahed in theinUsrior.in proximity to the mines mentioned.
California.
ALPINE COUNTY.
Globe. — Alpine Chranicle, February 6:
Good progress is being made in the tunnel of
this mine, rauuing on the hanging wall of the
vein. The vein carries a large amount of iron
pyrites and some yellow copper. This week a
cross-cut through the vein was commenced, and,
as the vein is large and the iudtoations good,
pay ore may be expected at any day.
AMADOR COUNTY
Thk Mills at Sutter Cheek. — Amador
Ledger, February 13: "We learn that the mills at
Suiter creek are grinding out their usual grists
of gold, snd the mines at Amador City still
keep up their former gold reputation. The
Ph. > nix at Plymouth, is steadily turning out
its treasures, and has long ranked as one of the
most valuable mines in the county. The last
accounts from the Alpine represents the ore as
being of an excellent quality, and that the mine
improves as work progresses.
Minino Items. — Placer gravel claims in the
vicinity of Jackson and Sutter oreek, are still
attracting attention, and active preparations are
making for mining on a number of them on an
extensive scale. The gravel in Downs & Co.'s
claim is looking very well, and gives a fine
prospect to the pan, at points far above the
bed-rock. A heavy blast of powder will be let
off in the mine to-day, which, it is oalcalated,
will upheave an immense amount of gravel.
Amador Quicksilver Mine — The reduction
works of the above named mine has been com-
pleted and is now being thoroughly dried. We
learn the retort will be oharged with ore on
Monday next and then a practical test will be
had of the value of the rook, and the fact estab-
lished that the Amador mine will, in a short
time, have quicksilver from its reduction works
in the market. The ore from this mine is re-
markably rich.
BUTTE COUNTY.
Mining Items. — Oroville Mercury, Feb. 12:
We are satisfied now that there was some truth
in the rumor that the Cherokee mines were not
likely to prove a failure. Our belief arises
from seeing some little nnggets of gold from the
mines left on the counter of Hideout, Smith &
Co., for shipment to San Francisco. The
little chunks have a stamped value of $62,000,
and the Superintendent of the mine, Mr.
Gregory, says they had to work twenty-five
days to get it.
The Thompson's Flat of au early day has
passed away. Although there may be good
mining ground left, still but few attempt to get
a living by that method. The most of the
houses have been taken down and pat up again
on ranches, and are now the homes of farmers.
Nearly all the land in the vicinity has been en-
tered for agricultural purposes.
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
, Hydrauliclng. — Calaveras Chronicle, Feb.
13: Very favorable progress is being made in
opening and developing the great hydraulic
claim in Happv valley, owned by George Em-
erson. The flume, a mile in length, is now
laid, and the cutting of the ground-sluice
through solid bed-rook, to reach the lowest
point in the mine, is nearly completed. Quite
an area of surface and a large quantity of tail-
ings have been washed away, and new ground
that prospects handsomely is being uncovered.
The work of opening the mine has been tedi-
ous and expensive, but it has been done in a
most thorough manner. A large force of hands
is at present employed, All the appliances of
the mine are first-class, and when fairly opened
it will rank among the most extensive mining
operations in the county.
West Point Items. — Forty tons of ore from
Miller & Go's mine yielded $28 per ton. The
ore is slightly rebellious.
At the Mina Rica four men extracted about
twelve tons of ore per day. The daily yield
can be increased to fifty tons per twenty-four
hours if necessary. The Superintendent re-
cently let a contraot to run a tunnel to tap the
quartz vein formerly owned by San Francisco
parties.
The Good Faith tunnel, the most substan-
tial enterprise in the district, is in 200 ft.
Wickman & Co. have found good pay ore
near the Pascoe mine.
The main shaft of the Boston is down 90 ft,
showing an eighteen-inch vein worth $25 per
ton.
The Josephine shows now ten ft wide, about
five ft of this being solid ore. The mine will
probably change hands in a very short time.
Some 70 tons of croppings and float, ob-
tained at the Woodhouse, and valued at $40
per ton, is being crushed at Harris' mill.
The Big Flat mine continues to yield ore
which shows more gold than any other pro-
duced in- this State. The chimney ib slightly
lengthening and somewhat wider.
The Custom mills are' running at full oapa^
city.
A large number of small mines are being
vigorously attacked since the fine weather set
in.
COLUSA COUNTY- ««B
Silver.— Colusa Sun, Feb. 13: There is con-
siderable excitement out on the mountains over
the discovery of an immense body of ore, sup-
posed to be silver. J, W. Brim, of Bear val-
ley, discovered the body of ore eleven years I
ago, but, like all old miners, be did not sup-
pose there was "anything valuable 111 the Coast
Range!" He concluded, however, last week,
that he would go out and take a look at it, and
locate it "rough at a venture." He brought in
Borne of the ore and with a blacksmith's forge
run out a quantity of some kind of white metal
exactly like silver, but whether it is all or any
portion t-ilver, we have not, up to going to
press, been able to determine. If the metal be
gets is Kilvtr. it will go many thousands
of dollars to the ton. The mine discovered
some time ago by Mr. Gaither, of Indian val-
ley, assays some ten or twelve dollars to the
ton in silver, and gets rioher as they go down
on it.
EL DORADO COUNTY
Greenwood and Georgetown. — Cor. Moun-
tain Democrat (Placerville), Feb. 13: At the
International mine operations are being pushed
with energy, all the men being employed for
whom they can find accommodations. Fine
reduction works are to bo erected immediately.
Operations have been commenced on the
Five Cent Hill mine, with a fair prospect of
suroess.
From the famous Woodside mine, at George-
town, come reports that the ore continues very
rich. A large amount of gold will doubtless be
taken from this mine within the next thirty
days.
The Taylor mine is in course of successful
development under the management of Walter
Schmidt, the battery crushing fifteen tons a
day and is never idle. About twenty men are
employed at this mine at present.
The Garded valley mine has reached a depth
of about 50 ft, showing a ledge of from four to
six ft in width, that prospects splendidly in fine
gold disseminated all through the ledge.
KERN COUNTY.
Sumner MiNE.-Kern County Courier, Feb. 13:
Mr. Nelson, of Kernville informs us that the
new hoisting works of the Sumner mine work
admirably. They were not long in clearing
the mine of water. A large force are engaged
taking out rock. The mill will be started in six
weeks. The town is growing rapidly. Lots
sell at high figures, and efforts are being made
to straighten up the irregularities of early
times, that occurred before the great future of
the place was foreseen, by conforming to a
regular survey.
NAPA COUNTY.
Mining Items. — St. Helena Star, February 11
Dr. Michel and Mr. J. J. Dickinson are in full
blast on their copper ledge in Moore canon.
They are now running a tunnel in on the ledge
and expect within two days to make a good
showing. The last assay of their ore (made at
University of California) gave $3,50 gold, '
$12.50 silver, and $82.50 in copper.
There is a company being formed to work
the Alum mine east of this place, mention of
which we made last week, as having been dis-
covered by Messrs. Hull and Bryant. The ore
is fully 50 percent., and they have hopes of
striking it much richer, by going in on the
bluff, where it crops out.
Mr. John Walton has, within the last week,
located two deposits of chrome iron. One near
the town of Calistoga, and the other near the
Adobe in Chiles' canon.
Items. — Napa Reporter, February 13: During
the storm a number of the mines had to sus-
pend work on account of surface water, and in
many instances considerable damage has been
done, and it will require time and labor to put
them in working condition. Of late there has
been an unusual amount of activity shown in
many stocks, some very important sales have
been made of mines to capitalists who are
making extensive preparations to work these
claims in a thorough business like manner.
Capital is what we want amongBt us. We
have the mines, but it requires money to de-
velop them. Pine Flat and vicinity next sprirjg
will present a lively front for many operations.
The Craesus mine, near the Little Geysers, has
been sold for $200,000. The purchasers are
Messrs. Carr and Ralston. It is their intention
to put up extensive works for reducing their
ores. This mine is considered one of the rioh-
est in Cinnabar district.
NEVADA COUNTY.
Mubchie Mines. — Nevada Transcript, Febru-
ary 10: The mines owned by the Murcbie's are
all being worked to their fullest capacity and
are looking first-rate. Rich rock is being taken
out of the two quartz ledges, and the gravel in
the hydraulic claim prospects splendidly.
Hoisting works have not yet been erected at
the Lone Star, but it will be done some time
soon.
Gold Run Mine. — We took a walk yesterday
out to the Gold Run mine, on Gold Flat. We
found everything working in first class order.
The company have put up heavy machinery of
the best kind,, and it is runuiug as smoothly as
it is possible to do. The incline is now down
250 ft, and drifts are being run both ways from
the shaft. The ledge is eighteen inches thick
and is looking pretty well. The rock is being
hauled to Jones & Keith's mill to be crushed.
There are eight men at work underground at
Gold Run, and more will doubtless be put on
as room is made for them. * Superintendent
Montgomery works everything to advantage
around the mine, and expects, when he gets
the drifts in a couple of hundred feet, to find
rock that a look at will banish the blues.
New Hoisting Works. — Foothill Tidings,
February 13: The new hoisting and pumping
machinery being put up by the Orleans Com-
pany on the Wheal Betsey mine, will be ready
to start in a very few davs. and is said to be of
capacity to go down 1.200 ft if neceBsary.
This claim is believed to be a Rood one, and the
company seem determined to bring its light out
from under the bushel.
&■ The oldest mine now being worked in this
district is the Empire, better known as the
Ophir. It has had its ups and downs for over
twenty years past; sometimes gaily prosperous,
at others only fairly so; again hardly paying
expenses, anil several times bo long under a
cloud that it was thought the pumps must come
up and the works be abandoned. Pluck, how-
ever, carried it over every riffle, and to-day it
is one of our best mines. Last month the yield
was $22,000, and appearances underground are
said to justify the expectation of its continuing
a paying property for years to come. Owners
of other mines, once prominent, but now idle,
and, while idle, worthless, should profit by the
example of the Empire and push ahead their
works.
PLACER COUNTY.
A Bonanza! — We understand that a genuine
bonanza has been struck at the Green mine.
The old pay chute, from which about $80,000
was realized above the 100 ft. level, when the
mine was being worked some two years ago,
has been struck in the drift, at a depth of Borne
300 ft, and the rock is as rich as ever. The
rock taken out now is, from what the miners
Bay, beautiful to behold. The new steam mill,
at the mine, is fast approaching completion,
and when it gets in operation ou this rich rock
we may look for some of the bright old clean-
ups that characterized this mine iu the days of
its youth.
Booth Mine. — On a short visit to this mine,
yesterday, we were happily surprised to note
the great improvements that have been made
on the works recently, and the way the work is
being pushed ahead under the supervision of
R. E. Meyer. The rich character of tbe rock
which the mine has produced and is producing,
considered in connection with the width of the
ledge, and the great breadth of the pay chute,
which latter is already developed to the extent
of about 200 ft, makes this, almost without
exception, the most promising young mine in
the country. The main shaft is down about 135
ft, and the most encouraging feature of all,
perhaps, is the fact that the deeper they sink
the better is the quality of the ore. An assay
of rock from the bottom of the main shaft,
made a short time ago, went $86 per ton. A
new wbim has recently been erected for hoist-
ing. Just now, besides stoping rock from be-
tween the two shafts above the 65-ft. level to
keep the mill running, a force of men is engaged
in driving the west drift, and another force in
sinking the main shaft. As fast as the rock is
taken out it is hauled to the Eclipse mill and
crushed. The" mill is running now on rock
from the stope above mentioned, which is turn-
ing out from $25 to $30 per ton.
SONOMA COUNTY.
Local Mining Items. — Russian River Flag,
Feb, 11: Four tons of ore from the Georgia, re-
duced in the Missouri's retorts, yielded 7 flasks
of quicksilver, which is about 15 per cent.
The new owners of the Socrates have 60 men
at work at the mine.
A silver beariDg ledge located about t^o
miles from Pine "Flat, between the Sausal and
Calistoga roads, is attracting considerable in-
terest in town. Assays of the rock show the
precious metal in paying quantity. The mine
is named the Humboldt, but its supposed rich-
ness has caused it to be spoken of as the "Bo-
nanza," by which name it is more familiarly
known. The owners are A, Wright, H. K.
Brown, R. Gilbride, P. W. Sterling and Thos.
Smith. Some of the ground has been sold for
$1 per foot.
There are 20 men at work on the Occidental.
One tunnel is in 70 feet, another 40 and another
just begun, A railroad has been put in the
main tunnel.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Ophir.— Gold Hill News, Feb. 11: The mine
is looking splendidly throughout. All the ore
breast and stopeB from the 1300 to the 1465-ft
levels are looking splendidly and yielding the
usual amount of rich ore. Sinking the north
winze on the 1465-ft level is making good head-
way, the bottom still in ore of the richest pos-
sible character. A cross-cut has been started
on the 1700-ft level, to determine the value of
the ore vein in that portion of the mine. The
Mexican north drift on the 1465-ft level is
showing improvement. Work progressing well
at all points.
Imperial-Empire. — Driving south along the
west wall of the ledge on the 2000-ft level, to
connect with the bottom of the winze' for air
purposes is making good progress.
Dayton. — The face of the main south drift
on the third station level is in quartz and ore
of a very fine character.
Sierra Nevada. — Sinking the new shaft is
progressing finely, the rock in the bottom work-
ing quite Hoft.
Gould & Curry. — Driving the north drift on
the 1700-ft level is steadily advancing to meet
the south drift from the winze on the Best &
Belcher line.
Savage. — Preparations are being made for
soon opening the 2200-ft station, and starting
a drift to cut and prospect the ore vein on that
level.
California. — Cross-out No. 2, on the 1500- ft
level has penetrated exceedingly rich ore with-
in the past two days. It is now in this ore be-
tween six and eight feet, and the character of
the ore is such as to show conclusively that the
main bonauza has now been reached. It is the
richest description of blaok eulphuret and-
chloride ore, and assays well up in the hun-
dreds. The drift running north from crosscut No.
lis also in ore of the same character, and of the
same great value. Crosscut No. 3, to the north-
ward on the same level, is passing through low
grade ore, but is not far enough east by 20 or
30 feet to cut the rich ore found in crosscut
No. 2. In due time the rioh ore will, undoubt-
edly, also be reached at this point.
Consolidated Virginia. — The new C. & C.
shaft is down 200 ft., the sinking making rapid
progress. A portion of the new hoisting ma-
chinery for this shaft is being received on the
ground, and will be ereoted, ready to take the
place of a donkey engine now used for doing
the hoisting, as soon as a sufficient depth is
reached to render the present light machinery
of no further avail.
Belcher. — Daily yield, 450 tons of ore. The
ore breasts show no material change during the
past week, but are alt looking and yielding well.
The main incline is down 155 ft. below the
1.500-ft. level, the bottom in hard blasting rock.
The north winze on the 1,400-ft. level is down
83 ft. The middle wiDze on the 1,400-ft. level
is down 72 ft., and the south winze on the same
level is down 91 ft. The bottom of all these
winzes are in good ore.
Woodville. — A very important strike has
been made during the past few days, in the
north drift, on the 300-ft. level. A body of
rich sulphuret ore was struck, average assays of
which give $80 per ton, mostly silver. The
main drift has been pushed ahead through this
body of ore, a distance of 30 ft., and a cross-
cut driven to the westward 25 ft., both of which
drifts show the ore body to be well defined and
of the same rich and even character. The mill
is kept steadily running on ore from the mine.
Sutho. — The face of the main west drift is
still in hard blasting rock, interspersed with
numerous seams of white crystalized quartz.
The face of the drift is evidently approaching
the main ledge found in the shaft, sunk on the
hillside above, and abandoned on acoount of
the heavy flow of water struck.
Crown Point. — The main incline is down to
the 1,700-ft. level, and preparations are rapidly
being completed for opening a new station and
starting a drift at that point to cut the ore
vein. The east cross-cut on the 1,600-ft. level
is steadily approaching the ledge, the rock in
the face working quite soft. The ore breasts
on different levels show no particular change.
Daily yield 450 tons of ore. The mills are kept
steadily running on ore from the mine.
Overman. — During the first part of the week
a strong flow of water was struck in the bottom
of the shaft, which has filled the mine and
shaft to about 20 ft. above the 1,000 ft. station.
This has necessarily caused an entire suspen-
sion of work in the mine.
Julia. — The main south drift on the 1,000-
ft. level iB being driven rapidly ahead following
the west clay wall of the ledge. A much
stronger flow of water has been encountered
which has somewhat retarded progress.
Buckeye. — The ledge has greatly straightened
pu during the sinking of the last 50 ft., and
strong hopes are entertained of finding good
paying ore when the ledge iB reached.
Utah. — Preparations for the erection of the
new powerful pumping machinery is progress-
ing finely.
Iowa. — It is the intention of soon commenc-
ing a new shaft for deep working purposes.
This will necessitate the erection of good ma-
chinery and place the mine in a condition for a
speedy and thorough development of its re-
sources.
Original Gold Hill. — The main south drift
is going ahead in fine ore indications. Another
cross-cut is being made from the main north
drift, which is in ore.
Lady Bryan.— Cross-cut No. 3, on the 180-ft
level, has shown a fine improvement in the
character of the ore penetrated. Average as-
says of the ore give $50 per ton, mostly silver,
and the ore shows improvement as the drift ad-
vances.
Leo. — The ledge matter in the face of the
main tunnel continues of a very favorable char-
acter, carrying many seams of quartz, some of
which are rich.
Lady Washington.— The important strike of
rich ore just made at the 300-ft level of the
Woodville, bears directly towards the Lady
Washington, being undoubtedly upon the same
ledge, and only a few hundred feet distant.
Justice. — Connection being made at the 400-
ft level with the main Justice shaft, the air cir-
culation through the Waller Defeat section 13
now excellent, and that level is being actively
developed.
Phil. Sherldan. — The winze below the bot-
tom of the main west drift makes good progress,
with a little water coming in. It is sinking in
the ore streak developed by the tunnel, and
some very good assays are being obtained.
Union Consolidated. — The face of the
northeast cross-cut is still in ledge material of
a very favorable character, with strong seams
and streaks of quartz and low grade ore.
Genesee No. 2.— Some good looking streaks
of quartz are being met with at present at the
bottom of the shaft, some of them carrying
metal.
Jacob Little. — Both west drift and cross-cut
are showing finely and bid fair to soon develop
a good paying body of ore.
Wells Fargo.— Sinking the main shaft is
making fine progress, with strong indications
of soon reaching the ore vein.
Mexican. — The north drift on the 1465-ft
level is driven rapidly ahead, with a steady im-
provement in the quality of the ore.
118
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 20, 1875.
(Continued from Page 114 )
some experience, to $7.50, and, in rare
cases, even §10, for remarkable experience
or unusual success. One may set the aver-
age at $2.50.
Conductors — On horse cars, $2.50 a day
for from 14 to 16 hours. On steam cars,
from $3 to §5, according to experience, re-
sponsibility and kind of service.
Coppersmiths — $3 to §4 for such work
as pipe, stills, tanks, vats and kettles.
Dressmakers — §10 a week in shops;
those who go to the houses of their em-
ployers receive from §2 to". §3 a day and
board.
Drivers — On horse cars $2.50 a day for
from 14 to 16 hours. Drays and trucks,
$2.50 to $3 for 10 hours. Express and de-
livery wagons $1.50 to $2.50, and found.
Coach and hack.drivers, $1.75 to $3, and
found.
Editors — Those who are also proprietors,
and manage their own affairs, have incomes
not to be commonly known, or at least gen-
erally stated. Employed editors, loqal,
commercial, etc., receive from $100 to $250
a month. A few surpass the figure, but
not a sufficient number to seriously affect
the average already stated.
Engineers — For stationary engines, in
mills and mines, wages range from $2.50 to
$5 a day. On railroads, from $3 to $4 ; on
steamboats and steamships, from $2.75 to
$5.
Engravers — Generally werk by the
piece. When employed upon salary they
receive from $4.50 to $6. In cases of re-
markable skill or of unusual urgency they
command as much as $10 and even $12.50 a
day.
Farmers ( or Kanohers ) — This year
farm hands are getting an average of about
$35 a month, with board. During harvest
they receive $40, $50, and even $60. This
is lower than the average of former years.
Florists— $40 to $50 a month and board.
Flowers grow so naturally here and, conse-
quently, require so much less care, that
florists' wages are relatively lower than one
might, at first thought, otherwise expect.
Foundrymen — Workers in iron com-
mand from $3.75 to $4. Some extra skill-
ful molders get $5; core markers, $3.50 to
$4; stove mounters, $3 to $3.50. Workers
in brass, cupola or furnace tenders, $3 for
11 hours; moulders, $3 to $3.50 for 10 hours;
and finishers, $3 for 10 hours.
Gardeners — From $45 to $60 a month,
with board, or from $2.50 to $3 a day for
short jobs; the constancy and fineness of
the climate rather work against them as
against florists.
Gas-Fitters — From $30 to $50 a month
and found. Generally work nine hours a
day in the shop.
Gilders — $3.50 to $5, rising, in rare cases,
to $7.50.
Glaziers — $2 to $3.50 a day; occasion-
ally $4. Usually rank with painters.
Harness-Makers — $2.50 to $5; average
about $3. Commonly classed with saddlers.
Hatters — Command $4. Those here are
very sksllful, but their number is not great.
Hostlers -i From $30 to $40, in large
livery and horse-car stables, to $75 and
even $100 in the private stables of wealthy
citizens.
Jewelers — $3.50 and $4 to $5; diamond
setters get from $6 to $7.50.
Latjndrymen — $30 and $40 a month and
board; women, the same. These are the
rates in large laundries. In private fami-
lies, women get as high as $40; more com-
monly, $25.
Lithographers — Draughtsmen and en-
gravers, $5 a day for eight hours; printers,
$4 for same time.
Machinists — From $3.50 to $4 for from
nine to ten hours. In some mills or facto-
ries, $5.
Masons— $4 and $5; foremen, $6 to $7.50.
Milliners — $1.50 to $2.50." Many work
by the piece, and make from $2.50 to $4.
Miners. — In this calling, also, the ex-
treme diversity of occupation from the
merely manual labor of coal-mining to the
higher and more scientific branches of
gold, silver and quicksilver extraction, is
so great that one can safely give no general
average. Wages range all the way from
$1.50 to $2 a day for sinking shafts, run-
ning tunnels, timbering, etc., to $3, $4, $5
and even $7.50 a day for running retorts,
. superintending amalgamators, separators,
stamp-mills, etc. The general superintend-
ents of some of the richest mines get from
$250 to $500 a month, and the last figure is
by no means the highest limit.
Model or Pattern Makers— $4 a day.
When working by the job or piece, from $5
to $7.50. As a rule, all over the city, pat-
tern-makers belong to the engineers' or
machinists' department, and, hence, work
the same number of hours a day. Boys
generally start at $2.50 a week.
Molders— Loam molders for dry cast-
ings, $5 a day; green sand-molders, $4.
Nurses — First-class female nurses readi-
ly command from $15 to $20 a week. The
former price is the more general.
Operatives or Mill - Hands — Cotton
factory; As the entire State contains but
few cotton factories, and those working
upon a limited line of goods, there is no
general demand for operatives. At present
the wages average very nearly the same as
those paid in the woolen mills, as subjoined:
Woolen Mills — Sorters or graders, $2.50 a
day of eleven hours; carders the same;
foremen in both departments, $4 to $4.50;
card tenders, all Chinese, 90 cents; spin-
ners, $2.50. In this department most of the
work is done by self-operating machines,
tended by Chinamen or boys at 90 cents.
Weavers — Same as spinners. Loom fix-
ers and tenders $2.50 to $3.
Finishers — Four ©r five white men get
$2.75.
In nearly all these departments China-
men do almost the whole, and receive the
uniform price of 90 cents a day of 11 hours.
Foremen in each department average $4.50
a day.
Painters — Carriage painters, $4; house
painters, $3.50; ship painters, $3; and sign
painters from $5 to $15. Plain lettering
brings 12% cents a foot; gold lettering, on
glass, $1 a foot.
Paper-Hangers — Commonly work by
the job; when paid by the day, they rank
with house painters and get the same wages,
$3.50.
Piano Makers — Are very few; they com-
monly rank with cabinet makers, getting
an average of $4 or $4.50 a day.
Piano Tuners — $2.50 for each instru-
ment, or $5 a day when employed at regu-
lar wage?.
Plasterers — Generally rank with ma^
sons, and command $4.50 a day.
Plumbers — $4 to $4.50 for nine hours,
though ten hours is fast becoming their
standard, as it is, generally, in most me-
chanical ©r industrial pursuits.
Police — Patrolmen $125 a month.
Printers — Job work $3,50 to $4; fore-
men, $5; boys, $1 to $2.50. Kuling rates
per 1,000 ems range from 50 to 60 cents.
Keporters — Ordinary reporters, writing
long-hand, receive from $15 to $40 a week,
according to experience and ability; a few
get $50. Phonographic reporters get from
$5 to $10 a day, or a case, for reporting,
and from 15 to 25 cents a folio for trans-
cribing.
Riggers — $4 for nine hours; over-time
or Sunday work, 75 cents an hour. Fore-
men, $">,
Saddlers — Quite variable, ranging from
2.50 to $5; averages about $3.50.
Sail-Makers — From S3 to $4 for 9>£
hours, in the loft. Outside and job-work,
from 10 to 30 per cent, higher.
Sailors — For long sea voyages, able sea-
men get from $25 to $30 a month. Outside
coasters, $40; and inside or boy sailors,
who have to load and unload, more fre-
quently, $45. Third mates from $40 to $60;
second mates from $55, to $75; first mates
from $60 to $90; captains from $75 and $80
to $150, and even $250.
Salesmen — From $2 to $5, according t»
the kind ef business, and the experience
and success of the party. They are quite
frequently employed on commission.
Secretaries — The vast number of min-
ing and other companies in California em-
ploy a small army of secretaries, who re-
ceive from $100 to $300 a month. Some act
in a similar capacity for from three to six,
eight, and even ten smaller companies.
Servants — For general housework, get
all the way from $15 to $25 a month, and
board.
Ship Carpenters — $4.50 for from nine
to nine and a half hours. Taking the year
through, the ship-carpenter, in conse-
quence of the weather, cannot work quite
as steadily as the ship-joiner, hence, his
wages are a fraction higher.
Ship Joiners — $4 for same time as the
ship-carpenter. In some cases their wages
are*equal, but, generally, the difference is
as above stated.
Shoemakers — Readily earn from $2 to
$4.50 a day. The varieties of work are so
great that it is almost impossible to give a
general average. They generally work by
the piece, or job, so that their wages de-
pend upon their own skill and diligence.
Stevedores — $2.25 for nine and a half
hours. Transient work, or irregular jobs,
$2.50.
Tailors— Generally work by the piece.
For pants, they generally get from $3 to $5;
vests, $2 to $4; sack-coats, $6 to $10; frock-
coats, 10 to 16; over-coats, about the same
as for frock-coats.
Teachers — In public nchools, command
all the way from $45 to $200 a month, ac-
cording to work and position. In San
Francisco, female teachers average $75 a
month, for twelve months in the year,
while a few lady principals get $150, $175,
and even $200 a month. This is much
higher than they receive anywhere else in
the world, and accounts for the very great
excess of the supply over the demand.
Male teachers get from $100 to $200; only
bhree rising above the latter figure, two of
whom have $250, and one $225. This is,
relatively, considerably lower than male
teachers of corresponding schools receive
in several of the larger eastern cities. San |
Francisco is the female teachers' pecuniary
paradise. In the smaller cities, and through
the country generally, salaries range from
$40 to $80, for female, andfrom' $60 to $150
for males, and are paid during but nine or
ten months of the year.
Teamsters — Average from $35 to $60 a
month, where the employer finds the team.
Some of the larger city corporations pay
their teamsters $70 and even $75, and fur-
nish the team. Where the teamster fur-.
nishes the team himself, he gets from $2.50
to $4 a day.
Tinsmiths— From $3 to $4 for from nine
to ten hours' work; generally the latter.
Trunk- Maker's — Average about $3 a day.
Turners — In wood command about
$3.50. In ivory and metal, the rates are
from $4 to $4.50.
Upholsterers — Receive from $4 to $6.
As one might infer from the wages, the de-
mand for them is good.
Waiters — In hotels, restaurants, sa-
loons, and in private families commonly
average $45 and board.
Watchmakers — Until the present time
the State has had no regular factory.
While we write, however, the Cornell
Watch Company, having moved their ex-
pensive machinery, and many of their
most skilled operatives, from their mag-
nificent building in Chicago, are establish-
ing themselves in this city with such dis-
patch that they expect to commence regular
work within a month. At present, of
course, the interest involves so much of
experiment in nearly all of its numerous
departments, that any attempted statement
of wages could be nothing more than con-
jectural and approximate. As early as
practicable we shall present a detailed ac-
count of the multiplied industries concerned
in the making of a complete watch, and the
compensations which they command. At
present the watchmakers of the coast rank
with the jewelers, and receive the same pay.
Watchmen — Of whom there are a larger
number than one might suppose, get an
average of from $60 to $65 per month.
Night watchmen about 20 per cent. more.
Whiteners or Calciminers usually rank
with plasterers, and get the same pay; that
is, an average of from $4 to $4.50 a day.
The foregoing list substantially includes
all the leading professions, trades and oc-
cupations. Any which do not appear will
generally be found to resemble some one of
those given so closely that its rate of wages
may be readily and safely inferred.-
The individual or occasional exceptions,
some higher and some lower than the rates
here given, we do not deny ; we are confi-
dent, however, that anyone who will take
the time and pains to average as many of
each calling as the preparation of this list
nas compelled us to do, will hardly vary a
dime from the averages we have reached.
The fluctuations, also, which especially
affect the wages of many callings, make it
impossible that the most carefully prepared
aud the most exact statement should truly
record the actual fact for more than a
month, sometimes hardly more than a
week at a time.
Bearing these considerations in mind, we
present this exhibit of our chief industries
and the wages they command, as thorough-
ly authentic and reliable at the close of
1874 and the opening of 1875.
Board for common laboring men costs
from $3.50 to $5.00 per week. For cleaner
occupations and average genteel quarters
the usual charge is from $5 to $7.50 a week.
Those who wish more room, more "style,"
etc., can gratify themselves at from $10 to
to $16 a week. Good board and lodging at
first-class hotels can be regularly had for
$15 a week, and from that to $20 or $25.
Two occupying the same room, about 20
per cent. less.
Rent. — Small tenement houses, contain-
ing four rooms, of the lower kind, situated
'n blocks, bring from $3.50 to $5 a week.
Of the better class, or under separate roofs
a house of four main rooms — kitchen, sit-
ting-room and two bedrooms — with usual
closets, pantry and sink-room, may be had
for from $5 to $7.50 a week ; in the sub-
urbs of the cities, or in the country, gen-
erally, larger and better accommodations
may be had for the same money, or equal-
ly good ones for less.
Provisions. — The present retail rates of
a few of the leading articles of family food
indicate the necessary cost in this vital
department: Apples, 2 cts.; beans, 5 cts.
H>.; butter, 40 to 50 cts.; "cabbage, let.;
coffee, 25 cts.; dried apples, 6 cts.; dried
pears, 10 cts.; dried peaches, 12 cts.; eggs,
40 cts. doz.; flour, 6 cts.; meal (corn), 3
cts.; milk, 10 cts. qt.; onions, 1 ct. lb.;
potatoes, ll/> @ 2 cts- lb.; sweet potatoes, 2
@ 2K cts.; rice, 6 @ 8 cts.; sugar (browrjj,
S cts.; white, 12 cts.; tea, 60 @ 75 cts.
This may suffice to indicate the general
market. Families buying in bulk or
quantities, obtain the usual reduction of
from t«n to twenty per cent.
Fuel. — Wood, from $10 to $12 a cord ;
coal from $11 to $14 a ton, extra kinds com-
manding the usual extra rates.
Clothing. — Good working suits for men
cost from $12 to $20 ; good business suits,
$25 to $40 ; dress suits of six X beaver,
from $65 to $80. For women's wear our
markets retail calicoes at 10 and 12 cts.;
delaines, from 25 to 40 cts.; empress cloth,
60 to 80 cts.; merinoes, $1.25 to $1.50 j pop-
lins, $1.50 to $2 ; silks, from $2.50 to $5 ;
sheetings and shirtings, 20 cts.
These statements of fact as to actual in-
come and necessary outgo, are based upon
the supposition of only average carefulness.
With unusual thrift and extra economy,
any family may reduce its expenses con-
siderably within those indicated by the
figures given.
Especially in the important matters of
fuel and clothing, the mildness of our cli-
mate relieves one of a large part of the ex-
pense necessarily compelled by the sever-
ity of eastern and northern seasons, espe-
cially winters.
Taken for all in all, San Francisco and
California have never known a time when
all the actual enterprises of the present,
and certain indications of her immediate,
in fact we may say of her whole future,
promised as much of cheerand of comfort,
when the paths to prosperity and affluence
appeared more open to all, than at the be-
ginning of this year.
Quicksilver in El Dorado.
The Mountain Democrat sayB:— Last week
Hugh T. Tuinbull brought to town and sub-
mitted to our inspection some specimens of vein
matter from a four f.iot ledge, and slate rock
ftom the hanging wall of the same, which he
bad been led to believe contained or gave indi-
cations of quicksilver. "We took the specimens
to F. F. Barss, jeweler, who, alter inspecting
them closely .and submitting them to several
tests, decided that the whole, numbering five or
six specimens, showed strong traces of quick-
silver, though none of them could be Galled ac-
tual cinnabar. These specimens are from what
is known as the Tennessee ledge, Canada Flat,
about three miles south of Shingle Springs, and
this ledge is an extensiou of the Amador cinna-
bar ledge, recently discovered. In the adjacent
ravines and surface washings Turnbull and
others have frequently found quantities of
smoothly washed " float" specimens of high-
grade cinnabar. In the minds ol those who are
best acquainted with the neighborhood there is
hardly a doubt but that there is in the vicinity
an extensive stratum of rich cinnabar, the cer-
tain discovery of which will prove of incalcu-
lable advantage to the industrial and business
interests of our county. Messrs. Armstrong
and Hiukson, of Sacramento, and D. T. Hall,
of Shingle Springs, are'associated with Turnbull
in the ledge which the latter is exploring, and
from which the specimens above referred to
were taken. They feel greatly encouraged, and
apparently with good reason, to believe that
they are on the right traok for a valuable dis-
covery.
About one aud a half miles below their claim
at Agra Peak, Sam Lane is also making explo-
rations for ciunabar with encouraging results.
He has surik a" shaft 120 feet, has reached the
water level.and is drifting in rock which he con-
siders very promising. We shall await further
advices from these explorations with lively in-
terest.
El Dobado County. — There is a vast amount
of mining done in this county; in fact it is still
the predominant interest, but is chiefly carried
on by close corporations, and the outside world
know but little really of what they are doing,
and about the only means we have of knowing
that they are steadily taking out the yellow ore
is their continued operations, many of them
night and day the year round, and frequent
receipts of coin packages from San Francisco
in exchange for their dust. Ail those exten-
sively engaged in mining send their dust
directly to the mint, and much of the money
obtained therefor. is deposited at the bay, thus
making it impossible to gain correct informa-
tion in regard to the aggregate yield of our
mines. The amount of gold taken out in a
small way during the year is enormous, as any
one can tell by an occasional visit to the dealer '
in dust. But though this interest is the
present life of our county, there is nothing
substantial about it — that is, this interest
creates no permanent improvements of itself in
the mining districts The money thus obtained
does not, or has not heretofore gone toward the
permanent building up of the community, as
do agricultural and manufacturing industries.
As we have rare advantages for all these avoca-
tions, our county being most wonderfully
diversified both in climate and resources, pos-
sessing a vast area of fertile, agricultural land,
vast quantities of timber, countless paying gold
and silver mines, and new discoveries of quick-
silver, slate, iron, copper, niarbie, fine whet-
stone ledges, etc., are "being discovered; and
these advantages are beginning to be apprecia-
ted. It will not be long before El Dorado
county will be attracting as much attention for
its superior agricultural, vinicultural and other
advantages, as it formerly did on account of
the richness of its placer mines. — El Dorado
Republican.
Geavel. — The gravel deposit at Dogtown,
says the Calaveras Citken, is furnishing some
good claims. All along the channel rich gravel
is being taken out. Tne owners of one of the
claims were offered $30,000 for their title last
wetk, one-half cash down and the other half
when taken out, but they refused to sell. Sev-
eral new claims will be developed as soon as
the spring opens.
February 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
119
Qood HE4LTH'
Health and Culture.
We are in danger of becoming a nervous, un-
comfortable, discontented, wretched race, un-
less we use our best thought and effort to bring
the highest wisdom, and virtue, and order that
ure within our reach to bear upon our way of
living. Henee the impottanoethat mure atten-
tion should be paid to the laws of health — that
they should be made a study by the masses,
thut the principles upon which good health is
founded tbonfd be taught iu our common
schools, and information thereupon spread
broadcast by our newspapers. Hence the im-
portance of "Health Associations" where edu-
cated men of all profes.-ions — not exclaaively of
the medical profession — should come together
to receive and impart instructions upon this
important topic.
The matter of health, in fact, should be made
a part of the highest human culture, for, as re-
cently remarked by a distinguished diviue,
Rev. Dr. Osgood — "Body and mind are practi-
cally inseparable, and we know nothing of the
sound mind apart from soutd blood aud brain.
I am willing to take Herbert Spencer's defini-
tion of life as the basis of our discussion, and
to allow that life is the continuous adjustment
of internal relations to external relations, if by
external relations we comprehend those which
are social and religious as well as those which
are physical. If life is the continuous Adjust-
ment of internal relations to external relations,
then healthy life is such adjustment truly and
fully carried out, and he is the healthy man
who lives in true rolations with nature, man,
and God."
In this connection, we may also introduce
the following remarks of Professor S. D. Gross
on our sanitary deficiencies: — "As American
citizens, we boast, and very justly too, of our
progress in commerce, agriculture, manufac-
tures, literature, the arts and sciences, and the
general diffusion of knowledge among all
olassos of society, but what have we done as a
nation for our sanitary condition, for those
things which so vitally concern the public
health, the dearest interest of every family in
the land? The Government has done nothing;
it has not even recognized the necessity of a
great Bureau of Health, so essential in a sani-
tary point of view. Our local boards of health,
as they are denominated, are mere shadows,
the creatures for the most part of municipal
authorities, who farm out our health and our
lives to the highest bidder at so much a head.
Surely the first, the greatest duty of a nation is
to protect the lives of its citizens, by teaching
them how to live, how to guard against disease,
and how tO imrrnva tht>> rttna Tbo sanitary
condition of a people is intimately associated
with its moral and religious welfare. People
cannot be good or happy if they are not healthy.
The Bible declares cleanliness to be next to god-
liness. Millions of people die every year from
preventable diseases. Sensible men no longer
ascribe the frightful outbreak of those epidemic
diseases which occasionally ravage whole na-
tions, to the wrath of an offended Deity; they
know better; they know that they are due, for
the most part, to man's ignorance, or man's
criminal neglect?
Bathing Children.
Some mothers think, when their children
get beyond two or three years of age, the fre-
quent entire bath can be dispensed with. If
some of the main facts of physiology were
well known and understood, every one would
perceive that cleanliness of the skin is one of
the conditions of good health. It happens
when bathing is disregarded that the lungs,
kidneys, or bowels have more than their own
apportionment of work. If these are strong
and healthy, they may bear the tax with little
apparent injury, but, in most cases, a lowering
of the vitality and tone of the system ensues.
Large bath-tubs are pleasant and convenient,
but not indispensable to the proper cleansing
of the skin. A speedy sponging of the body in
pure water, followed by friction in pure air,
is all that is necessary. When disinclined to
use water, I find a thorough application of the
flesh -bru-h to the whole person an admirable
substitute; especially on retiring, it relieves
nervousness, equalizes the circulation and in-
duces quiet sleep. Mothers, above all; should
see that their children are well bathed. If
their skins are kept active and healthy, there
will not be half the danger from fever, colds,
and eruptive diseases. If your little one is
cross or troublesome, and finds no occupation
that pleases it, try the effect of a bath; some-
times the effect is magical, and if tired, he will
go to sleep, and awaken bright, cheerful and
happy. Do not though, as I have seen some
parents do, plunge a child in cold water when
he screams and shrinks from it, thinking you
are doing a good deed. Nature must be your
guide; if your child has a nervous constitution,
a shock of this kind is only exhaubting and in-
jurious.
Cold on the LrjNOs. — If a cold settles on the
outer covering of the lungs it becomes pneu-
monia, inflammation of the lungs, or lung fe-
ver, which in many cases carries the strongest
man to his grave within a week. If a cold
falls on the inner coverirg of the lungs it
is pleurisy, with its knife-like pains, and its
Blow, very slow recoveries. If a cold settles in
the joints, there is rheumatism in its various
fauns; inflammatory rheumatism, wjth its
agonies of pain, and rheumatism of the heart,
which in an instant snaps the cords of life with
no friendly warning. It is of the utmost prac-
tical importance, then, to know not so much
how to cure a cold as how to avoid it. Colds
always come from one cause— some part of the"
whole of the body being cooler than natural for
a time. If 11 man will keep his feet warm al-
ways and never allow himself to be chilled, he
will nevc-r take cold in a lifetime, and this can
only be accomplish* d by due care in warm
clothing and the avoidance of draughts and
undue exposure. While multitudes of colds
come from cold feet, perhaps the majority arise
from cooliug off too quickly after becoming a
little warmer than is natural from exercise or
work, or from confinement to a warm apart-
ment.— Wood's Household Magazine.
Cure for Corns.
A subscriber, "J. A. H.," writes from Vir-
ginia City, Nevada, as follows: "As a regular
subscriber to the Pbess, from whi^h I derive
many valuable items of information, I wish, for
the benefit of others, to speak of one which I
consider has been worth more to me than the
price of subscription for your paper for several
years. For more than ten years I have been
troubled exceedingly by corns. I was obliged
to pare them asolten as once a month, and had
twice been to corn doctors for relief, which,
however, proved to be of very transitory charac-
ter. Some three months ago I saw an item in
the Pbess taken from a French medical journal
recommending per chloride of iron as a remedy.
This struck me so favorably that I concluded to
try it. I followed the directions, applying it
morning and night with a small brush for the
space of two weeks, after which I pared the
tough skin away aud could detect no signs of
a core beneath, although before the application
it could be distinctly seen every time the corn
was pared. Since then I have not experienced
the least pain from either of them. New flesh
has formed over the places occupied by the
corns which shows no disposition to harden,
and from their present appearance I pronounce
them radically cured. They were hard corns
with cores; of its effeot upon soft corns I know
nothing, but our opinion is it would be just as
efficacious.
(JsEfllL I^GF^T1011'
About Bricks.
Few materials for building are in more con-
stant use than bricks. Even where stone is the
principal article used in the composition ■♦f a
building, bricks are wanted for linings, flues,
furnaces, ovens, and a number of other purpo-
ses. The properties of bricks should vary ac-
cording to the purposes to which they are to be
applied. A brick intended for building should
be so solid that it may be neatly cut, and baked
at a temperature sufficiently high to prevent it
being disintegrated by atmospheric influences.
A good brick for an ordinary building will sup-
port a considerable weight without being
crushed. It ought not to crumble in water nor
to absorb too great a quantity of it. This
question is tested by weighing the brick before
and after immersion in water. Earths are often
found which, without preparation, are fit for
the manufacture of bricks for building purposes.
Indeed, the common yellow vegetable earth will
generally answer. In the construction of fur-
naces, the bricks to be used ought to be such
as will longest resist the ashes of the combusti-
ble. Fire-bricks are made with plastic clay,
containing neither gypsum, lime, or oxide of
iron, which color bricks red and render them
fusible. The clay is first washed to free it from
the foreign substances which it contains. It is
then reduced with cement of burnt clay, made
expressly for the purpose, and powdered.
Even the purest sand, mixed with clay, would
not make infusible bricks. Bricks are formed
either with the hand or by manufac'uring sip-
pliances. Two men, with the hand, can make
from six to seven thousand bricks per day.
They are burnt either wiih turf, coal, or wood,
according to convenience, the lat»er being; gen-
erally used in this country. The kilns are
built almost entirely with the bricks intended
to be burnt, the base of the kiln being the only
part made of old bricks. A kiln contains about
four hundred thousand bricks, and it requires
about five days to burn them. The Flemish
process, by which the bricks are burnt with
;toal, is the mosteconomical. The manufacture
of brick-- in St. Louis has assumed mammoth
proportions, and are becoming famous for their
surpassing excellence, many persons prefering
a front of them to one of stone. Milwaukee
has a clay which gives a peculiar light yellowish
tint to the bricks made there, which, when
judiciously contrasted with trimmings of dark
colors gives a very pleasing effect. — Builders'
Journal.
Wind-Mills. — There are said to be upwards
of a hundred private mansions near New York
city which employ wind-mill power for pump-
ing water, sawing wood, grinding, thrashing
grain, etc. In many instances they are super-
seding steam engines, water wheels, hydraulic
rams, horse power, and caloric engines, being
run without cost, except for lubricating oil.
These mills are not only noiseless, as now con-
structed, but they are also self-regulating.
To Deaden the Sound of an Anvil. — The
Building Xeics recently remarked upon this
subject: "If a chain about one foot long, formed
of a few large links, is suspended to the Bmnll
end of an anvil, it will destroy, we are told,
that sharp thrilling noise produced by striking
on it with a hammer; the vibrations of the
hammer are extended to the chuin, which ab-
sorbs ihein without producing any hound. This
is worth trying by any one who has a black-
smith or a coppersmith for a neighbor."
Upon ihe abuve the American Artisan remarks
as follows: "We presume it is intended to sug-
gest that the smiih should be induced to u^e
the chain, and not the neighbor; but with ref-
erence to this application to the beak of au
anvil, we may tell our contemporary that were
a chain suspended in this way, the labor of the
mechanic would be painfully increased; for the
hammer would fall heavily and flat, without
that spring or rebound that the active vibration
gives to the hammer, and the brawny arm of
the smith would be called upon to lift a dead
weight every time he struck the iron, instead
of haviug only to catch up the rebounding tool
and direct its next blow. For our part, we
think there is a very musioal sound in the
anvil, and certainly cannot recommend the use
of the chain."
Embalming. — J. Hamell, of Vallejo, is per-
fecting a process for embalming from which he
expects important results. It is the result of
fifteen years of study and experiment, and if we
understand the principles of other embalming
processes correctly, is different from any yet
conceived. It differs from most methods in that
no incision in the body is required. No re-
moval of the intestines or any organs are re-
quired. The operation consists of the injection
of a prepared liquid with a hypodermic syringe
into the vena cava, and an external application
of certain drugs. The effect of the process is to
indurate the flesh of the corpse; making it al-
most as hard as marble. The features are pre-
served as natural as in life. In a recent case
under Mr. Hamell'a treatment the faoe had
turned perfectly black; but he restored the com-
plexion to its former color. By his method of
embalming the disagreeable odor of the corpse
is entirely removed. One of the bodies subject-
ed to the conserving treatment of Mr. Hamell
remained in a perfectly natural conditton for
three or four months. When he has further
perfected his invention, he is satisfied that he
can extend the period of preservation much
longer.
Water, when stored in tanks or other closed
vessels, seems to undergo a sort of fining pro-
cess, by which many of its impurities are thrown
down as a sediment upon the bottom of the ves-
sel. Sailors assert that water clears itself by
working after the manner of wines or liquors.
Though this is not strictly true, yet it is a fact
that most of the impurities held mechanically
suspended are thrown down and the water in
time becomes fit for use.
If we can store water, exclude dust and give
some time for settling, the water is pretty sure
to be improved in quality. If the cistern is open
there are two evils to be apprehended. Dust
will find its way into the water and foul gases ac-
cumulate in the cistern. These will be ab-
sorbed by the water, and so render it unfit for
both drinking and cooking. This absorbtion
of gas by water is of much more importance
than most people are aware, a very large quan-
tity being taken up, and as the water does this
with rapidity, we should not allow it to have ac-
cess to foul air.
Intebesting and Peexty Pablob Expebi-
ment. — Apply a common needle to a magnet
until charged, then rub dry, poise carefully be-
tween the thumb and forefinger, jajr it into a
tumolerful of water; if well doneitrwill float;
if it sinks try again; you will seldom fail.
No sooner is the needle afloat untrammeled
when it will wheel around and point to the
north pole as accurately as any mariner's com-
pass. The tumbler can be turned around care-
fully, but the needle will keep its point. The
common horseshoe magnet is a very interesting
thing to have about a house, and can be bought
for a trifle. Any common poeketknife or scissors
can be charged with it, so as to draw up any
small piece of iron or steel, and will retain the
influence a long time.
Tnis magnetism is a powerful element, but
acts silently and unseen; one which we know
the effects of, and yet know but little of its
source. ■
An Old Gas Well.- -There is a gas well on
Wolfe creek, about one mile from the turnpike
leading from Mercer to Butler county, which
was dug in 1838. This well was dug for salt,
and abandoned as a salt well in consequence of
a heavy flow of gas. The parties who then
owned it came to Pittsburgh and had a large
east-iron cap made to cover the well, with a pipe
and valve in one side. By some means they
closed the valve and the salt pan and cap burst-
ed, aud the works with all the apparatus was
blown to pieces. Recently, Mr. Alfred Carnes,
of New Castle, has leased the well, and we are
informed that he is contemplating the erection
of a fine flouring mill upon the premises to be
run entirely with gas. It is said that gas has
been flowing from this well ever since it was
discovered. This information may be of use to
those contemplating the utilization of natural
gas permanently for manufacturing purposes.
CocoANUT husk is better than cotton waste and
turpentine for taking temporary rust from iron
or steeL.
Domestic EcofJopiy.
Danger of Tin Vessels for Cooking Acid
Fruits and Vegetables.
In a paper addressed to the French Academy
of Sciences, Dr. Fordos gives the results of
some experimen s on tin vessels used in labora-
tories and hospitals, aud even in private fami-
lies, for infusions and simiLir purposes. These
utensils generally contain lead in certain pro-
portions, and it was, therefore, desirable to
learn how far th it poisonous iu tul might be
Injurious to health in the long run. Dr. For-
dos began by introducing water acidulited
with oue per cent, of acetic acid into a tin can
provided with a lid. After letting it stand for
a few days, he observed on the inuer surface of
the vessel a slight white deposit, which was
soluble in the acidulated water, and commu-
nicated to it all the characteristics of a lead so-
lution; iodide of potassium yielding a yellow
precipitate, sulphuric acid a white oue, and
sulphureted hydrogen a blick one. Neverthe-
less, the latter test is not reliable, since it
causes a dark precipitate, with a salt of tin like-
wise dissolve! in the liquid. The existence of
a salt of lead in the white deposit is, however,
sufficiently proved. It is confirmed in another
way; if the inner sides of the vessel be rubbed
with a piece of clean wet paper, a solution of
iodide of potassium will torn it yellow. In
certain experiments, a crystallized salt of lead
was detected at the bottom of the jug. In
other series of experiments, wine and vinegar
were tried; they both became charged with
lead, as they dissolved the lead salt deposited
on the sides. Again, tartario lemonade, left
for twenty-four hoars in the vessels, became
impregnated with lead. Hence, Dr. Fordos
concludes that in alloys of tin and lead both
metals are attacked, the latter being generally
the first, when in oontact with the atmosphere
and acid liquids, such as wine, vinegar, lem-
onade, etc.; and that consequently there may
be serious danger in using such alloys, either
in the shape of vessels or in tinning culinary
utensils.
Bread from Sawdust.
The chief alimentary substances employed
by man may be reduced to three classes, viz;
Saccharine, fatty and albumiuoua substances,
of which sugar, butter and eggs may be taken
as representatives.
The saccharine principles include the ma-
jority of vegetable substances, whatever their
sensible properties may be, namely: those into
the composition of which oxygen and hydro-
gen enter, in the proportions in which they
form water.
The fiber of wood is an example — it is chem-
ically known as lignine; and by skillful manip-
ulation Professor Auterith, of Turbingen, some
years ago succeeded in making a tolerably
good loaf of bread from a deal board.
The operation was as follows:
Everything which was soluble in water was
removed by prolonged maceration and boiling;
Tesinous matter was extracted by alcohol; the
wood was then reduoed to fiber, dried in an
oven, and ground as corn, when it had the
smell and taste of corn flour.
Water and yeast were added, and upon being
baked it had much crust and a much better
taste than bread made from bran or husks of
corn.
Wood flour boiled with water furnishes a
nutritious jelly; Prof. Auterith ate it in the
form of soup or gruel, and in dumplings or
pancakes, which were palatable and whole-
some.
Prof. Brande, in his lectures, records an
analogous result: " Gum and sugar may be ob-
tained by the action of sulphuric acid upon
woody finer. Breid has been made from this
substance. Seeing the close resemblance be-
tween the composition of starch and lignine,
the conversion of the latter into bread does not
appear so remarkable.
Orange Jelly.— Oranges filled with jelly is a
fanciful dish, which makes a pretty appearance
on a supper table. Take some very fine oranges,
and with the point of a very small knife cut
from the top of each a round hole about the size
of a silver quarter; then, with the small end of
a tea or egg spoon, empty them entirely, taking
great care not to break the rinds, and then
throw these into cold water and make a jolly
of the juice, which must be well pressed from
the pulp and strained as clear as possible. Color
one-half a fine rose-color with prepared cochi-
neal, and leave the other very pale; when it is
nearly ready, drain and wipe the orange rinds,
and fill them with alternate stripes of the two
jellies; when perfectly cold cut them in quar-
ters and dispose of them tastefully in a dish with
a few light branches of myrtle between them.
Calf's foot or any other variety of jelly or blanc
mange may be used at choice to fill the rinds.
The colors should contrast as much as pos-
sible.
A Good Cake. — Take three heaping table-
spoons of powdered or granulated sugar, two
of butter, one of maizena, one egg; put with
this two cups of flour, half a cup of sweet milk,
a tea-spoon of cream of tartir.half a tea-spoonof
soda, a pinch of salt, and Zante currants. Boll
this out in powdered sugar, cut the dough in
strips, and twist them as;yqu would champagne.
120
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 20, 1875.
W. B. EWER Senioe Editob.
DEWEY «fc CO., nibllsliers.
A. T. DEWEY,
W. B. EWER,
EO. H. BTHONG
JHO. Ii. BOONE
Offl.ce, No. 234 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Hates:
Subscriptions payable In advance— For one year, $4 ;
six 'mouths, $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at our risk.
Advertising Rates. — 1 week. 1 Tnonth. 3 months, 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $'2.tl0 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
One inch 1.60 4 00 12.00 40.00
San Francisco:
Saturday Morning, Feb. 20, 1875,
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL NEWS.—
Hydraulic Mining in California; Washington's Birth-
day, 113. Among the Foundries and Machine Shops;
MechanicalfSohools; Economic Botany, 120-1- Noti-
ces of Recent Patents; Patents and Inventions; Cold
"Weather at the East; The Beeoher Trial; A Fearful
Tale; and other Items of News, 124.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Improved Water Wheel, 113.
Economic Botany, 121.
CORRESPONDENCE. — The Bale of American
Ores, 114.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— Rollway vs. Rail-
way; Steam Towage on Canals; Competitive Pro-
pellers; An Improved Freight Car; Effect of Frost on
Railroading; Blast Furnace Progress in the North
of England, 115.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— The Future of Tele-
graphy; An Extraordinary Change in Temperature;
Diffusibility of Odors; ProgreSB of Chemical Soience;
A Constant Electric Light; Important and Interesting
to Gold Assayere; Water in Glue, 115-
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock
Market for the Week, 116-
MINING SUMMARY from various counties in
California and Nevada, 117-
GOOD HEALTH. -Health and Culture; Bathing
Children; Gold on the Lungs; Cure for Corns, 119.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— About Bricks; Wind-
mills; To Deaden the Sound of qb Anvil; Embalming;
Interesting and Pretty Parlor Experiment; An Old
Gas Well, 119.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY— Danger of Tin Vessels
for Cooking Acid Fruits and Vegetables; Bread from
Sawdust; Orange Jelly; A Good Cake, 119.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Petroleum in Russia; Cana-
g; dian Reciprocity — What it Means; The Champion
Mine, 114. Work and Wages in Calif ornia, 114, 118.
QuickBilver in El Dorado; El Dorado County, 1 18.
Among the Foundries and Machine Shops.
Business is brisk again at the foundries and
machine shops in this city and the prospects
for a very busy season are assured. The prin-
cipal work upon which they are all engaged is
mining machinery, large quantities of which
are now being made. At the
Risdon Iron Works,
Mining machinery still keeps the engineer-
ing staff employed early and late. This de-
mand has increased so much of late that they
are gradually finding the limits of their premi-
ses quite inadequate, especially as regards the
drawing and designing department, and a con-
siderable portion of this work is prepared in
more convenient quarters outside the premises.
The transportation of the heavy work in these
shops found a serious item of expense for labor
during the construction of their heavy work,
and they are perfecting a plan for doing all the
lifting necessary in the fitting and erecting
shop by steam power.
The mechanical details of the new
Oil Cloth Factory,
"Whioh we recently inspected on Mission street,
show a decided improvement upon the last
new establishments of this kind in the East.
These works are supplied with capacious steam
boilers for heating and drying purposes and
produoing the requisite steam for driving a ten
horse power engine. Working up the surface
of the cloth with pummice stone for coloring,
which two years ago was performed by hand
labor in many Eastern factories, is effected here
by an ingenious and simple machine.
Booth & Co.
Have lately erected a new crane for hoisting
purposes in their foundry. The design is sim-
ple and substantial, and is a servicable piece of
work. They consider the present wet season
the slackest time in the year, but nowithstand-
ing, the outstanding contracts warrant a busy
time for some mouths to come, and they are
looking forward to a brisk spring trade. Some
heavy mining orders are at the present time in
contemplation.
The Pacific Iron Works
Are enlarging the capacity of their foundry
and raising the roof. They have also erected a
new crane, doubtless convinced of the superior
convenience of ihe one now in use at Booth
& Co's. This crane is now in position and the
cupolas are set up. The Superintendent is also,
improving upon the arrangement of their
yard scales, Which, have required extensive re-
pairs of late. A very good system is being em-
ployed here in connection with making the nu-
merous plans and designs for the work.
Thuse youths who show most desire to im-
prove during their apprenticeship are taken
into the office and put at drawing. The Super-
intendent tells us by far the greater portion of
their work ia done this way by the boys, one of
whom recently took the first prize at the Me-
chanics' Institute for mechanioal drawing.
One of the neatest and best arranged of our
Smaller Machine Shops
And engineering establishments is that carried
on by Mr. Deacon, formerly in partnership
with Mr. Bulger, the present engineer in chief
at the new Mint; the latter having sold out his
share in the business on obtaining his present
position to the proprietor under whose super-
intendence these works are doing a brisk busi-
ness. The premises are not over crowded, a
rare case among similar shops at the present
day. The tools are well arranged and there is
excellent light. We noticed a substantial pair
of marine engines, of the smaller class, in pro-
cess of construction here. One striking feature
consists in casting the engine frame, cylinder,
steam chest, cross head guides and slide,
pedestals and bed plate in one solid oasting,
producing a very efficient body for the working
parts of the engine, and being somewhat of an
unusual method. We are able to state upon
special examination that this form of combir. ed
casting presents no very great difficulty in pre-
paring the parts by hand and machinery, for
their exact and finished proportions, such as
boring the cylinder, planing valve Beats, slide
bars and the general fittings.
A New Street Pavement.
The question of street pavements seems to be
the puzzle of the day. It is an admitted fact
that after many years of trial of cobble, wood
McAdam, granite blocks, etc., we have not yet
found a material which gives anything like sat-
isfaction to property owners. Eaoh in turn has
been discarded, and each has again been re-
sorted to as a desperate make shift to bridge
over the present until something can be found
which shall more fully meet the necessities of
the case. Just now stone blocks appear to be
in the ascendant; but no man of experience,
in such matters, who has observed the manner
in which they are being put down in this city,
can have any confidence that they will result in
any very material advantage over the ordinary
cobble stones on streets, subjected to heavy
traffic.
Many of our citizens have taken quite a lively
interest in what is known as the '* Van Camp"
patent for street paving, samples of which were
on exhibition at the late Industrial Fair in this
city, and, more lately, at No. 607. Mont-
gomery street. This is anasphaltum pavement,
composed of asphaltum and finely crushed
rock, put together with just the quantity of
asphaltum which is needed to form with the
rock a firm hard cement.
This material differs in several important par-
ticulars from the so-called asphaltum employed
for making sidewalks in this city. The latter
is composed largely of coal tar, barrels of which
are poured into the tank and mixed with a small
quantity of asphaltum and small, smooth
stones, forming a compound but slightly adhe-
sive, and readily softening under the rays of a
warm sun. The " VanOamp" pavement contains
no coal tar whatever, asphaltum alone being
mixed with finely crushed rock, whose rough,
angular faces greatly contribute to the firmness
and durability of the material. The rock and
asphaltum are brought together while both are
in a heated condition so that a minimum quan-
tity of the former suffices to effect the neces-
sary cohesion.
It is well known that coal tar and its mix-
tures, when it becomes hardened, will break up
and fall to powder under the action of wheels
and hoofs, and pass away before the winds,
while asphaltum, under like conditions, owing
to its bituminous character, resists friction and
wear. The " Van Oamp" asphaltum pavement
is not made in blocks but is laid down in a solid
mass five inches thick from curb to curb, form-
ing a highly resistable but Blightly flexible and
continuous covering to the entire street. It is
perfectly water tight, neither contracting nor
expanding under changes of temperature, and
of course, not liable to local depressions and a
gradual breaking up, as is the case with blocks
and cobbles. It is also perfectly free from all
odor and hence especially desirable in a sani-
tary view. It is as noiseless as wood, slightly
elastic, never becomes slippery and subjects
wagon tires and horse shoes to the minimum
amount of wear.
In proof of its durability we are informed
that it has been in constant use upon one of
the principal Btreets in Chicago over five years,
during which time it has manifested no signs
of wear or depreciation. We are also assured
that one of the chief engineers of that city has
repotted upon it in the following language: " It
has not had one cent expended upon it for repairs
since laid; shows no perceptible wear, and bids
fair to run for twenty years without repair." The
same pavement has also been laid on two
squares in Louisville, Ky., where it is giving
equally good satisfaction, and stands the sum-
mer heat in that climate without any deteriora-
tion, although it is in a locality where heavy
six-mule teams are dnily passing over it. Of
course parties interested can readily verify the
correctness of the statements if they desire to
do so.
We understand that negotiations have been
completed to give this pavement a fair trial in
tnis city, and works have been erected near the
foot of Fourth street for manufacturing it on a
large scale. To all appearances it is all that is
claimed for it, and we are pleased to see an in-
clination manifested to give it a fair trial. We
are certainly in great need of a better pavement
than we now possess, and should be rejoiced to
see this prove the very thing that is needed.
Mechanical Schools.
Mr. A. S. Hallidie, President of the Mechan-
ics' Institute, of this city, left for the East and
Europe on Wednesday morning last. On
Tuesday evening the Board of Trustees met,
when Mr. Hallidie presented his resignation
and retired from the committee room. The
following resolutions were then read and
adopted:
Whereas, The President of this Board is about to
visit the Eastern States and Europe, in the interests of
the Mechanical School endowed by James Lick, and the
Chamber of Industry, endowed by Horace Huwes, and
with a view to farther the interests of the next Indus-
trial Exhibition, as well as for the purpose of proper-
ly securing and forwarding the Patent Reports presented
to this Institute by the Government of Great Britain,
through his efforts to this Society, and he has verbally
requested this Board to accept his resignation or grant
him leave of abBence ; it is hereby
Resolved, That leave of absence be granted A. S. Hal-
lidie, the President of the Mechanics' Institute, until
the first Monday in June, next eneuitfg; and that a copy
of this resolution be transmitted to him, signed by the
Vice-President and Secretary, under the seal of the So-
ciety,
The resignation of Mr. kallidie was laid on
the table.
Th efollowing resolutions were then unani-
mously adopted by the Board of Managers of
the Tenth Industrial Exhibition:
Resolved, That President A. S. Hallidie is hereby ap-
pointed Special Commissioner to call upon manufac-
turers and others, in the Eastern States and elsewhere,
with a view of furthering the interests of the Tenth
Industrial Exhibition, to be held under the auspices of
he Mechanics' Institute, in August, 1875.
Resolved, That the above resolution be properly en-
grossed and signed by the Vice-President and Secretary
of the Board of Managers.
Resolved, That necessary leave of absence be granted
Mr. A. S. Hallidie by this Board, for the purpose above
mentioned; and that the Board of Trustees of the Me-
chanics' Institute are requested to extend to him such
leave of absence ns may be consistent with his duties as
Presidont of the Mechanics' Institute, and the best in-
terests thereof.
After the adjournment of the Boards the
members and invited guests retired to Corin-
thian Hall, where a fine collation had been pre-
pared. Mr. Hallidie was presented with a fine
gold watch manufactured by the Cornell Watch
Company, of this city, and a general good time
was indulged in.
In conversation with Mr. Hallidie a few days
since, on the subject of his trip, he Btated that
its principal object was to make arrangements
for forwarding the set of patent office reports
presented to the Institute by the Government
of Great Britain, and to examine the workings
of mechanical and industrial schools in the
East and Europe.
There are in all 3,500 volumes of these
British patent reports, of which 2,800 volumes
are imperial quarto and the balance folio. It
will take about 600 running feet of shelving to
accommodate tho aot. Tho books ■mill Via hrmnel
in the best Btyle, according to the require-
ments of the gift. The cost of binding will be
about $5,000, and the books will probably bo
here by the time the next Industrial Exhibi-
tion is opened.
Mr. Hallidie will also visit the leading indus-
trial schools, and with a purpose of examining
the methods by which they are carried on. Mr.
Hallidie is one of the trustees of the Lick fund
for a mechanical school, and also a trustee of
the Chamber of Industry, endowed by Horace
Hawes for a similar purpose. Several gentle-
men in this city, who are anxious that our
youth should have the advantages of an indus-
trial training, have guaranteed a fund of $15,-
000 a year to assist in carrying out any prac-
tical plan which may be devised; and if neces-
sary will contribute liberally towards erecting
suitable buildings for the furtherance of this
object. The Lick fund amounts to $300,000.
The Horace Hawes endowment is not in money,
but consists of his 50-vara lot, on Mission
street, near Ninth. It will be seen from this
that there are three distinct plans for estab-
lishing a mechanioal school here, exclusive
of the University of California. The only ques-
tion now is the practicability of the scheme and
the plan upon which it must be accomplished.
There are many conflicting views upon this
subject, which we are not now prepared to dis-
cuss. It is difficult to get at the exact results
accomplished by similar institutions elsewhere,
and even what information there is seems to be
conflicting. Mr. Hallidie will, during his trip,
examine into the management of the mechan-
ical schools established at Worcester, in the
East, and at Glasgow and Manchester in Great
Britain, and at Paris. It is intended to see
how such schools may be adapted to the re-
quirements of this community. The effort is
to be made to consolidate the three funds
spoken of above, so as to have only one estab-
lishment, endowed with an amount of money
to make the institution effective and practical,
instead of having three separate schools. Mr.
Hallidie states that he anticipates no trouble in
raising an amount of money sufficient to erect
the necessary buildings withont touching the
principal of Mr. Lick's gift. If this is done we
ought to be able to boast of a mechanical school
which will compare favorably with those of
older cities than San Francisco.
The Trustees of these funds are desirous of
obtaining all the information possible on the
subject of labor- schools, and cordially invite
those who have any practical ideas on the sub-
ject to bring their views forward for considera-
tion. If any of our readers have any plan to
propose, or experience to communicate, we will
gladly give space to their communications.
This is a subject in which all parents are inter-
ested, and should be freely dispussed before any
decisive steps be taken, so that no hastily ar-
ranged plan will be adopted.
Economic Botany.
Fourth Lecture Delivered before the University of Cali-
fornia College of Agriculture on Thursday January 21,
by Prof. C. E. Besbey, M. S., of the Iowa College
of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa.
[Reported exp ressly for the Press.]
The Lilies, Etc.
I call your attention, this afternoon, to sev-
eral families lying between grasses and the
conifers; that is, the lecture to-day may be
considered as the economio botany of the re-
mainder of the endogens.
LUiacece, the lily family, is of moderate size,
about 1,300 species. Taking the common lily
as a type, if you will group around it the
members of the order, you will have a pretty
good idea of it. Taking the lilies as a whole
(and I apply the term now to all the members
of the order), they are quite variable in their
habits, from the diminutive hyacinth to the
gigantic dragon trees. They are very widely
distributed through the temperate zones. Cer-
tain regions seem to have particular plants
which give a character to the flora represented ft
there. In Europe, the order is mostly repre-
sented by Allium and Ornithogalum; in North
Amerioa and Japan, by the lilies; in Mexico, by
the yuccas; in Africa, by aloes and dragon
trees, and in Australia by grass gum trees.
They are of considerable economio import-
ance, both for food and for other uses. They
furnish many medicines, most of which are
irritant, drastic and purgative, while some •
furnish poisons. In most natural groups of I
plants, we find some principle running through-
out all the members of the group. This may ■
be irritant, as in the present instance; or aro-
matic, as in the laurels; or it may be pungent,
as in the mustards. To this property, which i
makes plants irritant, aromatic, pungent, etc.,
we apply the term " principle," and understand!
by it that such property prevails to a greater or A
less extent throughout the group. We say /
then, of the order under consideration (the f
lilies), that its principle is an irritant. Among 2
the
Food Plants,
May be mentioned the onion, Allium cepat which I
comes from Mediterranean basin, especially jj
from Egypt. It has been in cultivation for
mouaanas or yeara, pruuulJlv o> uug fta matE
has lived upon the earth. Besides the onion;
the leek, garlic, hives and two or three others
may be mentioned. These are grown largely;
in Europe, and are much used, especially;
by the people of southern Europe. People*
from the Mediterranean ba'-in Beeni to make
use of the onion, rather than the people north I
of that. Asparagus is a native of the shores of
southernEngland. As we have it here, it has &i
remembrance of its old habit, growing best*
where there is salt in the ground, or where salt!
is applied to it. It has been grown for about
two thousand years, yet in all that time it has
shown a wonderful tenacity to its original form.
If you take up the collections of asparagus vari-
eties, you will find very little difference between
them after three or four years of poor culture.
It is one of the most remarkable examples we
have of an unmodifiable species. Within the
last eight or ten years, a few varieties have
been formed, but they very soon run back to
the original form if neglected, showing that no>
true varieties have been formed.
Several .of the medicines are worthy of note.
The most important are the following: White
hellebore, Veratrum album, which is native in:
the central parts of Europe; now cultivated
throughout the continent, but most abundantly!
in the Alpine regions. It has been used con-t
siderably in medicine, but is less so now than>
formerly; and I may say right here that for
a majority of the so-called medicinal plantB thai
same remark can be made, that is, that they
were formerly more used than at present, indi-
cating that we are growing
Wiser, if not Healthier.
Squills; the product of Scilla maritima is also
a native of the coast of the Mediterranean; its
bulbous roots are gathered and broken up and1
in this form known as squills; which is used
somewhat at the present time as a powerful,!
irritant medicine. One species of SciHa, found
east of the Sierra, products valuable food fon
Indians. Here we have a good illustration
again of the fact that, occasionally, closely
allied species differ very greatly as to their
uses; the one species, in this instance, furnish
ing irritant medicine, while the other furnishes
nutritious food. Solomon's seal, F olygonaturt
viultiflorum, is a perennial growing in England
It is used somewhat in ordinary medical prac-
tice, and is said to be in great repute for re
moving discolorations of the face, produced b;
blows. Aloes, derived from a plant in Asia-
and a few others— are used somewhat.
The order is of most importance, however
on account of its ornamental species, which ar<
many, and in some cases possess exceeding
teauty and fragrance. Firston the list are th'
tulips; Tutipa Gesneriana, named after an oL
German botanist, Gesner, who discovered it ii
southwestern Asia and brought it into cultiva
tion. It was introduced in 1559; so, as you see
87 <
February 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
121
ipwards of 300 yearn bare e]aps«d since itfl in-
ii .rodnctinn. The wild planU are yellow, bat in
' j;nllivatinn they have taken on all aorta of
•olors. Now and then we have a reversion to
he original form. If you take op our bent
ttlip* yon will find sometimes a specimen which
ittfl reverted exactly to the old form which it
throe hundred years ago. As an inter-
Ming illustration of the whims of trade, the
lip mania in Holland in the last century may
1 mentioned as one of tbo most peculiar. The
>ople became greatly excited over tulip bulbs.
t that time a mania seemed to seize upon them
,nd buhiness was materially affected by it. The
mncipal dealings in stock were in the stock of
he tulip bulbs. They had issued scrip which
presented the stock of these bulbs, and this
rip representing bulbs, was bought and sold
"th all theeacorneaa of modern stook dealers.
Consolidated Virginia stock at its highest foil
ax below the almost
Fabulous Quotations
Of tulip stock. Single bulbs, in some cases,
gprosented from two to three thousand dollars,
'osflibly there may have been a corner on bulbs
when the quotations ran so high. Holland is
now, as you well know, the great tulip region,
and from that country we still obtain our best
bnlbs and probably the great interest in tulips,
daring this mania contributed not a little to the
high development which they have attained in
that country.
The lilies proper embrace mnny species;
all belonging to the genus Li Hum. The
more important are the white lily, L. candidwn,
from Persia, and the orange lily, L.biUbiferum,-
from Europe; the niartagon lily, X. mariagon,
from Europe; the rpd lily, from Palestine; the
ti«er lily from China; the Japan lily, from
Japan; and most magnificent of all, the golden
lily, L. auratum, from Japan. This last one,
produced within the last few years, a great
furor in the East when first introduced. Enor-
mous prices were paid for the bulbs, of course
nothing like the prices paid for the tulips in
the tulip mania just spoken of, bat as much as
f 50 were paid in some cases. The tuberose,
Polianthes tuber osus, is one of the greatest favor-
ites and deservedly so, is supposed to have
been first found in tropical America and is
much esteemed on account of its delightfnl
odor. The hyacinth, Hyacinthus orientalis, was
found first growing in Syria. It was originally
a blue flower but it is now of all colors. It is
very largely grown in Holland and .from that
country we obtain our beet bulbs. The red
bot poker plant, a native of the Cape of Good
Hope, introduced about 200 years ago, is, as I
aee, quite a favorite with the people of Califor-
nia. Nearly every garden has its plants of this
species. Its winter blooming qualities render
it a very desirable plant for growing.
The dragon tree, a native of the west coast
of Africa, is now cultivated extensively through-
out all of the warmer parts of the globe. In iis
native country it is very large, growing GO to 100
feet in hight, and very thick in diameter. Here
it grows as a small-sized tree, having a thtck
atom, with a bunch of grass-green leaves at the
top. Many may be seen in the city of San
Francisco and also in the streets of Oakland.
The largest one on record grew upon the islund
of Teneriffe. It was 16 feet in diameter and
was supposed at the time of its overthrow, in
1867, to be
The Oldest Tree on the Earth.
Its age, as estimated by careful observers,
was placed at from five to six thousand years.
Among other ornamental plants may be men-
tioned the crown imperial, with its circle of
golden, bell-like flowers; the agapanthus, with its
wands of pale blue flowers, which have earned
for it the popular name of love flower; the sharp
needled yuccas, of Mexico; the grass gum trees
of Australia ; the strange, leafless, thorny
butoher's broom, (Ruscus^ of Europe, and the
delicate climber, the smilax of oar windows.
,11 these must be passed by, however, with a
undred others found in our grounds and cou-
lervatories. A volume might be devoted to
hem and still their uses and beauties would not
II be described: much less then can I hope to
them justice in a part of a short lecture,
he words of one who loved the flowers of Syria
omenow toour minds with fuller force, "Con-
der tbo lilies of the field."
The Pine-Apple Family.
\ This constitutes the order Bromeliacece, which
confined to tropical America. It contains
bout two hundred species.
One of the plants is the loni moss which
ows very largely on the Irees in the southern
prtion of the Eastern United States, and
bich is used for stuffing cushions, mattresseB,
Id for other purposes.
The pine-apple, Bromelia ananas, is a native
I Brazil, introduced nearly three hundred
ars ago into general culture. It is a spread-
jj plant with more or less lily-like leaves; that
the leaves rise from a center near the ground
jl spread out. From the center starts up a
wer stem. These flowers usually prove abor-
p. The cluster changes to a form very much
a that of the pine cone. Examining one care-
iy, you will find the remains of the old flow-
iwhich bave consolidated considerably with
0 another. They seem to take very kindly to
cure under glass.
/nether they are grown out of doors here I
qiot know. They are grown under glass as
fjnorth as Chicago very extensively.
The Banana
fimgs to a closely allied family. This family
it very small one, containing only thirty
9 iies, all natives of the tropics. In growing,
i.j have the appearance of palms. View a
banana grove at a littl* distance and it will re-
mind you very much of the palms. The leaves
are long and spreading, and grow upon an elon-
gated, strong stem. In fact, they may be con-
sidered m the plants uniting the lilies" with the
proper palms. The banana itaelf is calle 1 Mum
sapientum. There is Bome confusion htill
amongst botanists as to whether plantains differ
from the banana or not. They seom to be about
the same as far as the specimens are concerned.
Botanists have not really been able to distin-
guish between them. It is more th^n likely that
thev are but varieties of the same species. ' The
difficulty arises from the fact that the plantains
one or two feet. These great, board-like
leaves, are taken and used as ooverings for
their houses. So that, although a very little
family, it is for certain regions a very import-
ant one.
The Orchids.
See Tig. 2. This family is an important on«,
embracing throe thousand species at least. In
all probability there are more in it, but these are
not all known as yet. They are of various
habits, of wide distribution in moist regions.
All the orchids, you will recollect, as being
lovers of moist localities. In the ncrth, they
are found growing in bogs and wet places. As
Fig- .2. An Orchid (Lelia) .— From a Specimen in Dr. Gray's Conservatory.
and bananas were cultivated for ages before bo-
tanists found them; and it is now impossible to
say whether they were originally distinct or not.
This is continually coming up before us in all
cases of plants long under cultivation. The
fruits are borne on a central spike, which grows
from an enormous bad.
The flowers are about an inch and a half
Fig- 3.
"AVllCUlUa
The Cocoa-Nut Palm.
long. The bud goes on growing constantly, and
the fruits, begin forming below, so you may
have a bud at the top, and fruits growing at the
bottom.
This banana is one of the most productive
of all plants. The statement of the books is
that where thirty-three pounds of wheat can be
grown, upon that area
4,400 Pounds
Of bananas could be grown. You know from
your own experience that bananas are very
nourishing. They will go, perbops, fifteen or
twenty times as far as the wheat grown from
the same area. In countries where they are
grown readily, the inhabitants subsist almost
entirely upon them.
Not only do they obtain food from theni, but
they make use of these enormous leaves, ten or
fifteen feet in length, and having a breadth of
yon go south.*you will find them in the moist
forests, on the trees, as epiphytes. They are
of very little economic value.
The Vanilla.
Vanilla planifolia is of vine-like habits, and is
a native of the West Indies and of Central
America. It grows inconspicuous flowers,
which produce the long pod from which we get
the extract we call vanilla. This product,
vanilla, when pure, is said to be the most
costly vegetable product we have. It Bells at
enormous prices. It is very frequently adul-
terated, as is commonly the case with high-
priced products. The chemists, too, have been
able to imitate vanilla so c.osely that their ar-
ticle is frequently used as a substitute for the
genuine. When first carried from Central
America to India, to be there grown, it was
found that while it grew well and produced
flowers, it would not produce fruit. This was,
for many years, a puzzling thing to the grow-
ers; but after a while it was discovered that in
Central America the flowers were fertilized
through the agency of a certain insect, and that
in carrying the vanilla plant to India, this in-
sect had not been taken along with it. When,
however, the insect was taken to India, the
vanilla there grown 'became fertile and pro-
duced froit. The history of this plant may
teach ub, that what now seems to many merely a
curious investigation — I refer to the relation
existing between insects and plants — may turn
out to be of great practical importance. Aside
from the vanilla, orchids are chiefly interest-
ing as ornamental plants and as botanical curi-
osities.
The Palm Family,
For the inhabitants of certain portions of the
torrid zone, is just as important to them as the
grasses are to the inhabitants of the temperate
regions. Now, we here get certain ideas of the
relations existing between man and the vege-
table kingdom. There are a thousand species,
some of which rise to a very great hight, and
their usual habit you are very well acquainted
with. They grow with a tall, cylindrical stem,
with a great tuft of leaves at the top. In their
growth, many of the palms remain stemless for
a long time. They first grow a great tuft of
leaves for a great many years from an under-
ground stem. ThiB tuft grows larger and lar-
ger, and a great, stout stem, when it is large
enough, shoots up. They seem to have a beau-
tiful and almost divine loftiness. After they
have gone up a certain hight, they appear to
have fulfilled their mission, and die.
The double cocoauut (see Pig. 3), found in
the islands of the Indian ocean, grows to be
about a hundred feet high, with a stem from
one and a half to two feet in diameter. It bears
nuts in great abundance, usually from eight to
nine or ten in a bunch, in this way: each nut
will weigh from thirty to forty pounds, so that
there is a bunch weighing from three to four
hundrod pounds, A very remarkable thing is
that they are
Ten Years in Their Ripening.
It seems strange here where we are accus-
tomed to see fruits ripen in one year, or less,
to think of a fruit requiring ten long years for
its ripening process. The natives use cocoa-
nuts in various ways, utilizing the stems,
trunks and leaves of the trees, as well as the
nuts. The nuts themselves, by the time they
ripen are entirely inedible. The coooauut
£ roper is a native of tropical Afrioa, India,
liiluy and all the tropical islands of the Indian
aud Pacific oceans. It is generally cultivated
in all the islands of the tropical regions. The
trees are from fifty to one hundred aud fifty
feet high. It produoes fruit in bunohes of
from ten to twenty each. The tree furnishes
almost everything the inhabitants need. They
have not very many wants. From it they get
food, domestic utensils, materials for building,
wine and sugur. From its principal fiber they
manufacture ropes, matting, brushes and
brooms. The stem yields very valuable lum-
ber. So it will be seen, the tree is of very
great importance to the people.
The sago palm, Saijus laevis, is found in
Siam and the Indian archipelago, aud grows
from thirty to fifty feet high and six to twelve
inches in diameter. The tree is cut and the
trunk is split, the pith is then taken out,
thrown into water, and upon beating it a
starchy matter falls to the bottom; this is the
sago known in commerce, and is used very
largely as an article of food. A student says:
"Then they have to kill the tree to get this."
Professor: "Yes. They have to cut it down
and of coarse, it results in the destruction of
the tree."
Rattan, Calamus rolang, and other allied
species, natives of India and the Malay islands,
produce the rattan, bo largely used in the man-
ufacture of ohaka and other furniture. These
are slender -stemmed palms, often growing to a
length of from 150 to 200 feet, and climbing by
their leaves — whioh have retrorse pnckleBupon
them — over high trees and rocks.
There are a great many other palms which
we have not time to notice. We must pass by
with but a mention, the date palm of the deserts
of Africa and Western Asia; the wax palm, of
South America, from whose wax, holy candles
are made to be used in the cathedrals of New
Granada; the ivory palm, of tropical America,
whose nuts become as hard as ivory, for which
they are largely substitute d ; the climbing palms,
of New Grenada, whose long, tough stems are
there twisted into cables and used in making Bus-
pension bridges; the cabbage palm, of the West
Indies, whose young unexpanded leaves furnish
a succulent food not very unlike the cabbage;
the betel palm, of Cochin China, which pro-
duces the far-famed betel-nut, so largely used
by the inhabitants of the Indian ocean, in the
way that more civilized people use tobacco;
and the various palms which produce " toddy,"
which may be considered to be the whisky of
the palm countries. You see then that this
family of the palms, while not strictly of so
great interest to us, is a most important one for
the inhabitants of the warmer regions of the
globe.
New Map ofthe Comstock.— J. B. Treadwell,
U. S. Deputy Mineral Land Surveyor, has just
issued a new map of the Comstock lode. It rep-
resents a number more locations than maps
previously issued of the Comstock and is of
convenient size. It is drawn on a scale of 1,000
feet to the inch and is 30 by 36 in size, mounted
on rollers. It gives a longitudinal section of
the lode with shafts, representation of ore
bodies, etc. The shafts are all carried do<vn to
the depth at which they were when the map
was isaued — about the first of this month. The
map was compiled by Mr. Treadwell, from pat-
ents, platB in the Land Office; drawings at the
mines, and surveys by himself. Many of the
locations which are not incorporated are shown
on the map. The size of the map is much
more convenient for office use than those pub-
lished drawn on a larger scale, and it is pub-
lished at the low price of $6.
The Consolidated Virginia mine is yielding
400 tons of ore per day. The ore breaBls
throughout the entire mine never were looking
and yielding better than at present. The Gold
Hill News says that the mine is simply looking
magnificent at all points, all the prospecting
drifts and winzes being in the richest character
of ore. The mills are all running on ore from
the mine, and are kept working to their fullest
capacity. The yield for the past month was
$1,001,500, and notwithstanding the present
will be a short moDth, it is confidentially ex-
pected that the yield will be increased to be-
tween $1,200,000 and $1,400,000.
Paini-dx Accident. —James Hill, Esq., TJ.
S. Boiler Inspector, was thrown from his buggy
one day last week, and fractured his right leg
between his ankle and his knee. This will
probably prevent his attending to the duties of
his office for a month or more, during which
time C. C. Berxiis and Captain Waterman will
attend to all matters requiring the attention of
the Boiler Inspector.
At the Poorman mine, in Idaho, the Burleigh
drills are doing very well. The drills and com-
pressors have been at work there about three
months. By hand labor the progress in this
shaft was twenty inches per day. With a Bur-
leigh drill they now make six feet. The cost
of making six feet is just the price of a quarter
of a cord of wood above the cost of sinking
twenty inches.
At the New Almaden quicksilver mine, San
Jose, with the Burleigh drill, 177 feet of tun-
nel, 8x8 in size;- was made in January, against
33 feet made by hand labor the previous month,
cutting a tunnel but 4%x6 feet in size.
The numerous mines in the vicinity of Ogden
are being developed with much vigor, and are
said to be looking finely!
122
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 20, i87;f!l
Steam hpnpg.
PARKE &. LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
THE 8EL.DEN
DIRECT- ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
- Aug. 2d. 1870.
Deo. 20th, 1870.
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it is adapted to
all purposes for -which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
• — A1SO —
STEAM, GAS & WATEK PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CARS PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
A.. CARR,
10v28-ly 43 Courtland Street , New Yori
-(facliijiery.
Pacific Machinery Depot.
H. P. GREGORY,
Empire Warehouse, Beal st. near Market, S F.
SoleApent for Pacific Coast for J. A. Fay & Co'b "Wood-
working Machinery, Blake's Pa'ent Steam Pumps.
Tanite Co s Emery Wheels and Machinerv, Fitch-
burg Machine Co's Machinist's Toole, Edson's
Recording Steam Gauge, Triumph Fire Ex-
tinguisher. Also on hand and for Sale:
aturtevant's Blowers and Exhaust Fans, John A. Roeb-
liDe s Sons' Wire Rope, Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting, Perin's French Band Saw Blades,
Planer Knive?, Nathan & Dreyfus Glass
Oilers, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kind*. P. O. Box 163.
PACIFIC MACKYDEPOT
./GUARANTEED P-URE'OAKTANNED
LEMPER
BELTING
HPCfREGORV
\i & 16: FIRST ST SAN^FRANGISCO
ADAPTED TO EVERY SITUATION
fl. P. GREGORY,
Sole Agent for the Pacific Coast, Empire Warehouse
Beale street, near Market, San Francisco, Oal.
BALL'S
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NEW AND VALUABLE-
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has "been very lately well proven by per-
forming a job of dredging" at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
There is hut this one machine that has ever had these
improvements employed. It is an old machine, for-
merly huilt for another device, and iR unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet this first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of eighty-
five cubic yards in sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation (supported by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references "will be given on appli-
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(excepting having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a basis of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
is warranting the capacity of the machine by actual
work:
I will enter into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and Bell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
$2u,000, warranting the machine to dredge six cubic
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that rate}. $20,000
will but little more than pay the cost of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask noViing for my patents unless my machine
dredges more than six cubic yards per minute. But
it shall be further agreed that in case (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than six cubic yards per
minute, then $10,000 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every such additidnal cubic yard
thus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is to be added to said price above Btated.
I will sell any other Territorial or State rights (either
United States or Foreign) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with scows and all com-
plete, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above stated, bnt will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubic yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
Payments to be made in U. S. gold coin on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
Address, JOHN A. BALL,,
9v28-tf Oakland.
PACIFIC MACHINERV DEP 0 T
JIRGPIEGORY
^SOL-E. AGE NT FOR THE #
TAHffE emery'
'^HEELs '
k& l.6T|ft5f 3T SAN .FRANWSCO
PACIFIC MAmiNERY DEPOT
HP GREGORY
' SOLE AGENT
FITCHBURG MACHINE C°1S
MACHINISTS'
: TIOOLS
■W & 1S< FIRSY:-ST SAN -FRANCI'SCO"
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extra Heave and Impbovkd Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO.,
MaTTT/FACTUBEB .
LATHES, PLANERS, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F.
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided meritj. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Economy in Fuel, Ease in Hand,
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
B^~Call and see it or send for Circulars.
J.M KEELER& CO., Agts.,306Cal. St., S.F
(Metallurgy apd Ore$.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Froepectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies sine-
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Ceast.
■ty Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degreeB of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26-tf JOHN TAYLOR & 00.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired, -
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the appertnre and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it iB thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plateB again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill- men are invited to examine theBe pans and setlerB
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
Sar Fraiciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works ,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HUHN,
C. A. LTJCKHARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
ROD&ERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
ABVA1VCE8 KADI
•a all bind, or Ore., and pnrtlcnlar attention
PAID TO
UON8IGNMKNTS OF SOOM.
4vl«-3m
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, an
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENKY G. HAKES
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 61 1
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATI J(
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the TJ. S. Branch Mint, S. F.)
Assayer and >tetallixrgfica'j
CHEMIST,
No. 011 Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U. S. Branch Mint.
San Fbanoiboo Oal. 7v21-Jtoii
■;
bliM directory.
■JlLKbi H. OK AT. JAM88 M. HIT)
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. comer Cal),
I'ornia and Leldeadorff streets,
RAW FRANTUSm
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. corner Sacramento,
ve unstrumenta made, repaired and adjusted
. 22vl7-3m
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and Assayera, Booms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco ■ Analysis of
Ores, Mineral Waters, Etc. 8v28-3m |
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL FE3STS.
SoMby all Denlers throughout the World.
WM. BARTL1NCJ. HEHRT KIMBALL, I
BARTLING- & KIMBALL,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
505 Clay street, (southwest cor. Sansomo),
16vl2-3m SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge 8,1
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
W. BREDEMEYER,
MIINIIYG,
Consulting & Civil Eugineen
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Suit, Lake, TJ. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve,
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment!
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldk Company, Manufacturers ofi
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 121
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the)
Sinking of Shafts.
Self-Fastening
Bed-Spring,
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITD
SPRINGS, from Ne. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spri
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most d-
ble Bed Spring in use. It iB adapted to upholstered
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in this Staf
make the celebrated Obermann Self -Fastening -
Spring. Any man can make hiB own spring bed '
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers'!
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNEE & STXSBT
14v28-eow-bu-Sm 147 New Montgomery St "
NEUBOB BADLSnt.
EIOHAKD C HAN-
KldBAED G. HoSON & Cc
Block and Pump Make,
IMPOBIERS OF ALL KLNDS OF
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparas,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPNS,
PKESSED LEATHER FOB PDMP8,
Lignum Vitee for Mill Furpos
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 10
pounds. Hens
IS to 20
pounds.
BRAHMAS, GAMES JM
HOUDANS. ■ j3
MH *
Emden >ese
a, 40 to BOmnds
9 per pairma.
m turi
■ leghoe:
"__ _ EA'AMS
S^ Bla
' CAYUGA ICKS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed bo as to hatch after oval on
any part of tha Coast. For Illustrated Circular niPrice-
List, addresB
'M. EYRE, Napa J a. ,
[Please state where yon saw this advertieniel
ebruary 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
123
Iron ajid (Machine torb.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
I ud 136 Beale Street BAN FBANCISCO
V. I. CCRUT.
ete Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Works.) Proprietor
gh and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
ILE MANUFA0TUBBE8 OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAIi BOILER.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
the Shortcut Notice.
All kind, of JOBBING and KEPADUNO promptly
tended to. 17v2S-:lm
THE RISDON
on and Locomotive Works,
IOORPOKATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL 11,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAM FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines. Quartz and Flour
111 Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
id Statluna.y I . Marine Engines (Hit;h and Low Free-
J . All kinds of light aud heavy Castings at lowest
Ices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
" 10 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Di rectors :
3seph Moore, Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLane,
"m. Norris, Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Baggin,
James D. Walker.
H. H. TAYLOR President
)SEPU MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
EWI8 R. MEAD Secretary
21vl7-ay
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAHor*oTOiiwKf or
STKAM: E N O I N E © ,
Quartz, Flour and Saw 31111s,
I'»ye»' Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'a Im-
proved Crasher, Mining l'umpi,
Amalsamntori, and all kinds
of Machinery.
IT. E, corner ef Tehama and Fremont street!, above How.
■treet, 8*0 rranolioo. S-qy
Empire Foundry,
Toe. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Steeet, San Francisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
fronts, Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
[Fenders, Koad-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
p.oughwork, SaBh "Weight-s, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
iGipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
land Cauldron KettleB in Btock at Eastern rates. SHOES
land DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
(variety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
wihofactdukks or
HTEAM ENGINES, BOILERS,
0RO88' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar's Patent Self- Adjusting Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kinds of Mining Muehlnery.
Front Btroet. between ti and O stroets,
Sacramento Oitt.
G. W. Pkescott. I W. R. Eckart.
Marysville Foundry,
HAKYSVILLE, ---_--.-- OAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisting Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts. Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
Golden State Iron Works. Occidental Foundry.
(CO-OPKBATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manupactubb
Iron tastings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN 0BK
QTTICKSrLVlSR FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Hiving much experience in the buHineBH of the Ile-
(Inctlon of Ores, we are prepared to advise, uuder-
Btandinely, psrtlcB about to erect Reduction Wurks as to
the better plane, with regard to economy and utility.
Jno. P. B \nki.n . Established 1850 A. P. Bhavton
Pacific Iron Works,
FmsT Sxbeet, ... San Fbancisco.
Qeo. W. Fogc, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PBATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDAED & CO., Props.
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G. ii II. HARNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
137 and 139 FlBiT Steeet.
Sam Fbancisco.
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet, Howard and Folsotn, San Francisco
Machinery and Castings of all binds.
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FEANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AND —
Every Variety of Shaftingr,
Embracing ALL SIZES ■ f
Steamboat Shaft*. Crank*, Pinion and Con*
nectlnBT Rods. Car and Locomotive Axl«i
and Frame*
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size
OS- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O- box 2032, Sim Francisco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
if- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
SHEET IRON PIPE.
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET UtON AND ASPHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the earne where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These Bmall wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, proper Jy chilled, and can he
fitted, up with the improved axle and box— introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
US'" All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Heating's Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdeaui-io Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
THEODORE WALLENBERG.
MACHINIST,
and Maker of Models for Inventors. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
8mall Gears Cnt.
Repairing done ou very Reasonable Terms and in the
best manner. No, 32 Fremont street, S, F. 18v23-3m
STEIGER & KERR,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTING8 of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable fur Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rlor Shoes and Dies. 20v'26.3m
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
So. UBS First iirrti, opposite Minim,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all kibdb of Br ass, Horn position. Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Snip Work of all kinds. Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Kudder Braces, Hinges, Ship arid Steamboat Bcllsand
Songs of superior tone. All kind sof Cocks and Valves, Uy
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
M" PRICES MODERATE. -.£*
.r. H. WKEP. V. KTNRWELL.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. P. Screw Bolt Works.
MANUFA.OTUBEBS OF ALL RINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 15 and 17 Dromm Street, Son Francleoo. 4v341y
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOUNDRY,
LISHT AND IIBiTY CABT1SQS,
of every descriDtlon. manufactured. S.vloor
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BO i L El K MAKE R ^
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard st. , between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO. OAL.
JOHN I*. HEAIiD, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills, Stationary
aud Portable Steam Engines, .Pumps, etc. Boilers
built and repaired, and all kindB of Iron and Brass
Castings furnished at short notice.
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Meehanlcs" Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
A GOOD CHANCE FOR INVESTMENT.
An interest in one of the best paying Patents issued
within the last twelve months. Working Model can
be examined at the Office of California Chemical Paint
Oo.,Cor. Fourth and Tewnsend streets, San Francisco.
H. W. McCOTTFR
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand "Water Pipe, Cast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
"WM. McCBINDLE, Manager, 22 ft 24 Fremont St., S. F.
mfr-m3
Mining Machinery.
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting-, Desulphurizing", Chloridizinsr
and Oxidizing1 Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
usi'. Chloridlzing Silver or*: more thoroughly, in less
time, with lest* fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or Btarting at will; charging nnd discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
voying and cooling roasted oreH, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to tho pois-
onous chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for dryiDg ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining and Soientifio Pbesb, No. 18, October 31, 187i.
For particulars addxoBB
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, &c, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QXJA.Tt'XZ; MlI.Ls,
Made by our improved pro-
cess . After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS, m BJiiilllF^
which are ■*
unequalled
for
Strength,
Durability,
and
Economy
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Ji<*s,
Hydraulic Bock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shaf tins, and general Mining Machinery in ;all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promply fiUed.
JffOREX & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
EAGLE IMPROVED CHL0RINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1878.)
The Cheapest and Most effective Furnace now in use
Parties desirous of building above furnace, or for any
information on same, address,
I. T. MILLIKEN,
a31 No. 302 Montgomery St., room No. 14, 8. F.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Has an iron
frame, five steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike 2,010 blows per minute, in a mortar provided
with screens on both sides, and crushes pine 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-liorBe power lo drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and ia guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE, $600. ™rt™,™
a. D. CROCKER,
17v26-W 316 California street, San Francisco,
124
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 20, 18I
<M
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through.
Dewey & Co.'s Mining and Scientific Peess
American and Foreign Patent Agency, the fol-
lowing are worthy of mention:
Cutting Attachment foe Sewing Machines,
M. A. Graham, San Francisco. This is an at-
tachment for sewing machines which consists of
a shear cutter so arranged as to be operated by
the movement of the needle arm. An adjust-
able guide is fitted to regulate the width of the
material to be cut. This device is extremely
useful for cutting the trimming which is used
in narrow strips in large quantities for ladies'
dresses and it can be made with great rapidity
by simply running the machine at a considerable
speed.
Coal Oil Stove, B. B. Sweetland, Sacra-
mento, California. This invention relates to
improvements in that class of coal oil stoves in
which a water chamber is introduced between the
oil reservoir and the point of combustion for the
double purpose of keeping the oil tube cool and
supplying elements of combustion to the flame.
The improvement consists in a peculiar arrange-
ment of the water chamber, by which a more
extended water surface is presented for vapor*
ization, and at the same time the difficulty is
avoided which has heretofore been encountered
by the enlargement of the toothed wheels which
raise and lower the oil wicks with the water
wicks. It also consists in combining with the
external water surface a heat radiator which
will concentrate the heat upon the water and
increase the evaporation.
Fastening Seams in Oveballs, Chang Quon
Wo, San Francisco. This improvement in
overalls consists in forming a gusset or trian-
gular lap upon the piece of goods which comes
opposite the corner of the pocket or other ter-
mination of a seam, and then sewing the lap
or gusset down across the seam. The small lap
which is shaped when cutting the material, is
lapped over the corner of the pocket or seam
and sewed down firmly all round so that it will
form a gusset for strengthening the corner of
the pockets and prevent them from ripping or
being torn by any ordinary strain that may
come upon them. The small lap spoken of is
formed in the proper place when cutting the
cloth for the pants so that it forms a permanent
part of one of the pieces of the pants and is,
therefore much stronger and more durable than
if it was a separate piece sewed over the seam.
This is the first United States patent, we be-
lieve, ever issued to a native of China.
Cubing Tobiccj. — Sebra R. Mathewson,
Gilroy, Cal. , This inventor provides an im-
proved apparatus for hanging and handling to-
bacco in the leaf and stalk, in order to dry and
cure it. The improvement consists in con-
structing a series of chains or ropes, which are
formed into connected hangers and suspended*
upon a pulley, which moves upon an overhead
rail, so that by moving the pullev along the
rail the entire hangings with their loads can be
shifted easily from place to place without
handling the leaves.
Elastic Demijohn. — Carlton Newman,
San Francisco, Cal. This is an invention
which we described in detail on the 19th of
September last, but the patent was only issued
in January. It consists in surrounding the
bottles with an elastic jacket, and weaving the
rattan around the covering, thus; doubly pro-
tecting the bottle. This patent demijohn is
having a large run and meeting with ready sale.
They will probably entirely supersede those of
the old style. Mr. Newman has ten men con-
stantly at work on these demijohns at the San
Francisco glass works, where they are made ex-
clusively. This is another use to which that
abundant material, tule grass, is put, as Mr.
Newman uses this as a covering for the bottles,
on account of its superior elasticity and its
cheapness.
Ditching and Embanking Machine. — Wm.
B. Hyde, Oakland, Cal. This invention relates
to an improved machine for excavating shal-
low ditches, of -greater width than the width of
a single mould board, and at the same time
conveying the excavated earth to the out-
side of the ditch, so as to form an embankment
either upon one or both sides of the ditch.
The invention consists in arranging two or
more plows diagonally to the line of travel, so
that each plow will cut its furrow in the man-
ner of a gang plow; but instead of simply turn-
ing the furrow over, each plow is provided with
a wing or side scraper, which forces the earth
out of the excavation and deposits it upon the
brink of the ditch, where it is left to form an
embankment.
In Gold Mountain district, Esmeralda county,
Nevada, the difficulty of obtaining water enough
for milling purposes has retarded the growth of
the camp. The Borax Miner states now, how
ever, that Mr. John Both, has recently been
running a tunnel about 300 feet in Gold moun-
tain for water, and has made a much greater
success than was anticipated, having obtained
a running stream of about one inch, and thinks
that by cutting fourteen or fifteen feet further
through a clay wall a much larger stream will
be obtained. It is probable now that a mill will
be put up.
The mines around Salt Lake have swallowed
up $3,000,000 belonging to St. Louis capitalists.
General News Items.
Cold Weather at the East. — Last week
seems to have been the cold spell of the season
in the East. The cold culminated on Saturday,
closing up the rivers on both sides of New
York city. Large numbers of fishing vessels
were ice-bound in Cape Cod bay, unable to go
either in or out. The entire bay was frozen
over, an occurrence never known before. A
cold wave passed over Maine, New Hampshire
and Vermont, on Friday night, which sent the
thermometer down to 26 and 32 degrees below
zero. In Chicago, the thermometer on Saturday
was six degrees below zero at noon. The high
wind of Thursday drifted the snow badly^ and
caused a great deal of delay on all railroad
lines. Trains on seven different roads were
either unable to get in or delayed several hours.
Beports from all points state that great incon-
venience is experienced on account of the
freezing of water-courses and scarcity of water
for stock.
The Beecheb Tbial is still dragging its slow
and disgusting length along, and all excepting
a knot of the friends of the chief aotors are
growing tired of the repetition of the great
scandal. From" present appearances it is
thought by some that the trial will last a month
longer. Probably no trial has occurred in the
last century in any part of the world which has
caused so much sensation, or which presented
so many plausible sides — all contrary. The
parties most interested seem to be really the
ones most at ease. An exchange says: Mr.
Tilton laughs at the jokes, eats like a wood
sawyer, takes his ride and his glass of sherry,
and prepares his case every night with the cool-
ness of a night editor getting up the day's news.
Mr. Moulton takes the witness box, laughs and
argues at recess, foils counsel, and is a sort of
Don Csesar de Bazan in general. Mr. Beecher
has a little levee every day, and sits in Court
with all his family, as at a pantomime.
A Fearful Tale. — A mother and her eight
children were burned in their house, near
Montreal, Canada, a few days since. The fire
caught in the lower part of rue house. The
father, in trying to put it out, was cut off from
his family, and barely escaped with his life.
The mother seized two. of her children in her
arms, thinking to save them and go back for
the others. She might indeed have escaped
with them, but the cries for help of the little
ones left so overcame her, that she preferred to
go back and die with all her children than to es-
cape with a part, and she did go.
Sargent's Land Bill.— The Commissioner
of the General Land Office writes to the Chair-
man of the Senate Public Lands Committee
that he thinks it expedient to pass Sargent's
bill, providing that all even numbered seotions,
which were included within the railroad limits
and afterward restored to the public domain,
shall be opened to homestead and pre-emption
entry the same as odd numbered sections, at
$1.25 per acre. The Committee still have the
matter under consideration.
Postal Change fob California. — Offices
established at Whitehall, Mendocino county,
James M. Smith, Postmaster. At Spanish Dry
Diggings, El Dorado county, "Wm. B. Davis,
Postmaster. Office discontinued — Waterloov
San Joaquin county. Postmasters appointed —
Harvey Hayne, at Stoney Point, Sonoma
county.
Mb. Beecheb and the N. T. "Ledger." —
The announcement is made that Mr. Beecher
writes no more for the New York Ledger.
"Whether it is Mr. Beecher or Mr. Bonner who
has felt compelled to make this innovation will
probably remain forever one of those problems
against which the public mind rasps itself in
vain.
Appropriations for Califobnia Kivebs. —
Clayton has secured an appropriation from
the Committee on Commerce of $15,000 for the
improvement of the Sacramento river. And
Page hopes to secure $10,000 for the San Joa-
quin river.
Pomebot, the Boy Murderer, to be Sen-
tenced to Death. — The Supreme Court in the
case of Jessie H. Pomeroy, the boy murderer,
overruled the exceptions and ordered judgment
on the verdict. He will therefore be sentenced
to death.
The Lick Sale.— The balance of the Lick es-
tate will be sold at auction, at Piatt's Hall, on
Thursday, April 6th. The property offered in-
cludes valuable lots in this city and San Jose.
Of the forty-two millions of passengers
carried over the railroads in Massachusetts last
year only a single one was killed, and but seven
were injured.
Settled. — The Santa Barbara wharf trouble,
has been settled. The wharf has been repaired
and steamers land as usual.
The Committee on Appropriations inserted
in the Indian bill $30,000 to pay land settlers
in Bound "Valley Keservation.
The Anti-Chinese Naturalization Bill has
passed both houses of Congress and will become
a law.
Patents & Inventions.
Hereditary Consumption Baffled. — Because there
is an inherited tendency to consumption it does not
follow that the heir to this sad legacy must die of the
disease. The early symptoms of dangeT are marked —
a cough being the first and most prominent. Meet this
first indication of peril with Hale's Honey of Horehound
and Tar, and in three days it will have vanished, and
with it all cause of apprehension. No matter how
delicate the lungs may he, or how strong the predispo-
sition to consumption, a speedy cure is absolutely cer-
tain.
Pike's Tooth-Ache Drops— Cure in one minute.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Repobts fob the Minxko and Scien-
tific Pbe:sb, DEWEY h CO., Publishers and
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Dated "Washing-ton,
D. C, Feb. 16, 1875.
Foe Week Ending Fee. 2, 1875.*
Shoe and'Gaiteb. — George Bryant, S. F., Cal.
Slate Washes. — Levi L. Lyman and Edward
A. Boell, S. F.,' Cal.
Sofa Bedstead.— John K. Underbill, Stanislaus
Co., Cal.
Sewing Machine poe Sewing Bags, Etc. —
Howard P. Garland and Andrew J. Goye,
S. F., Cal.
Chain Peopellee. — DeWitt C. Johnson, Red-
ding, Cal,
Apparatus eok Geneeating Gas.— John H.
Ba wrings & Lambert Irelan, Watsonville, Cal.
Combined Fluting and Sad Ieon. — Charles E.
Rand, S. F., Cal.
Fastening poe Meting Ralls op Sashes. — Ches-
ter J. Snow, S. F., Cal.
Rock-Dbtlling Machine. — George Atkinson,
S. F., Cal.
Geain Sepabatoe. — Thomas J. Hnbbell, Yount-
ville, Cal.
Watee Metee. — Nathaniel W. Knowlton,
Nevada City, Cal.
Joint foe Sheet Metal Pipes. — Jos. Moore,
S. F., Cal.
Teade Maeks.
Foe Tea. — Robert Cunningham, S. F., Cal.
Fob Teas.— Williams, Blanohard & Co., S. F.,
Cal.
Foe Teas.— Williams, Blanchard & Co., S. F.,
CaL
Foe Cigabs and Tobacco. — The Consolidated
Tobacco Co., Gilroy, Cal.
*Tne patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after thedate of issue.
Note.— OopieB of TJ. S. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel.
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
erfect security and in the shortest time possible.
METALS.
Wednesday m., Feb. 17, 1875.
American Pig Iron, ^ ton (g) 46 qq
Scotch Pig iron,?* ton 46 00 tai '"
White Pig, fUon Si
Oregon Pig, » ton @
Refined Bar, bad assortment, 1$ lb ib,
Re lined Bar, good assortment, $B> — — (Si
Boiler, No. 1 to 4 §)
Plate, No. 5to9 <fa
Sheet, No. 10 to 13 fi)
Sheet, No. 14 to 20 fea
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 — 08 @
Horse ShoeB, per keg. ,., 7 5ft S
Nail Rod — 10 @
Norway Iron — 9 @
Rolledlron _ 6 ftp
Other Irons for Blaoksmiths, Miners, eto. <a>
Ooppeb.—
Braziers' — 31 @
Copper Tin'd — 45 (5)
O.Niel'BPat — 50
Sheathing, 38 fit
Sheathing, Yellow
Sheathing, Old Yellow
Composition Nails — 24
Composition Bolts — 24 @
Tin Plates.—
Plates, Charcoal, IX $ box 13 00 (S) 15 10
Plates, I O Charcoal 13 00 "
Roofing Plates 12 50
BanoaTio, Slabs, ft lb _- 32J
Steel.— English Cast, ^ lb — 20
Anderson & Woods' American Cast
Drill
FlatBar — 18
Plow Steel — 9
ZlNO
Zinc, Sheet —
Nails— Assorted sizes 4 25
QUICKSILVER- Tier lb ,
LEATHER.
Wednesday m„ Feb. 17, 1875.
Oity Tanned Leather, $ lb 26@29
Santa Ornz Leather, Q lb 26@29
Country Leather, 1& lb 24@28
Stockton Leather, ^ lb 25Q29
Jodot.8 Kil., perdoz J50 00@ MOO
Jodot, 11 to 13 Kil., perdoz 68 00(3) 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., perdoz 82 00@94 00
Jodot, second choice, 11 to 16 Kil. ?J doz 57 00(&) 74 00
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 f "
Oornellian FemaleB, 12 to 13 63 t
Oornellian Females. 14 to- lfi Kil 71 0
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00(
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00<
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil ...73 00^ 75 00
Simon, 18 Kil. ,a doz .. 61 00@ 63 00
Simon, 20 Kil. & doz 65 00( ""
Simon. 24 Kil. $ doz 72 "
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 4, 35
French Kips, $ lb 1 00>
Calif omia Kip, % doz 40 ""'
French Sheep, all colors, "$ doz 8 wi
Eastern Calf for Backs, $ lb 1 001
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, $ doz. ... 9 00(
Sheep Roans for Linings, 38 doz 5 50i
California Rnssett Sheep Linings.... ......... 1751
Best Jodot Oalf Boot Legs, Upair 5 00°
Good French Calf Boot Legs, ^ pair 4 00)
FrenohOalf Boot Legs, ^ pair i 00i
Harness Leather, $ lb 30(
Fair Bridle Leather, a doz 48 OOt
Skirting Leather, $ tb 33{L, -.
Welt Leather, 9 doz M 00@ 50
Bnfl Leather, $ f oot 17®
Wax Side Leather, * foot 17§
Brrtero W»x Lftatbor _jfa.
48 00
46 00
46 00
- 3>,
- 4
- 51fe
- 5i*
- 5*
- 5S
32
@ — 24
25
12,' fc
To Patent Attorneys, Contractors and
Inventors.
Washington, D. C. January 1st, 1875.
I have carefully prepared a complete digest of TJ. S.
patented Paving and Roofing Compositions, up to Jan-
uary 1st, 1875, in which Is given the name of patentee,
number and date of patent, ingredients, and, (when
given in the specification) the proportions of ingredi-
ents- Also, all of English Patented Paving Composi-
tions up to January 1st, 187i, amounting in all to over
six hundred patents, a complete state of the art to
date. It is my intention to publish this work at an
early day in hook form, and should you wish to sub-
scribe should address
L. W. SINSABAUGH, Assistant Examiner,
Boom 21, Patent Office, Washington, D, C.
A. ROMAN & CO.,
Booksellers, Stationers, Importers, Blank Book '.
ufacturers, and Wholesale Dealers in everytbin
quired by the Trade and School Departments, i
attention to their stock of Standard and MiBcellaii
Books, which, for completeness and variety, cannn
excelled.
JUVENILE BOOKS of every description.
SCHOOL BOOKS— Latest and most approved.!
SCHOOL FURNITURE— Elegant, durable andcl
STATIONARY— Foreign and domestic.
BLANK BOOKS in stock and made to order.
LETTER, NOTE, AND INITIAL PAPERS in e
variety.
0^~ Late Publications received as soon as lest
Book Buyers and Libraries supplied on liberal te
Eastern Publishers' catalogues forwarded post-paid
of charge, upon application.
Special care will be taken in filling Wholesale I
Retail orders by mail and express, with promptr
and at the lowest cash rates.
A choice assortment of the latest styles of Fine '
tionary constantly on hand in both departments -r
and wholesale.
A. ROMAN & CO., ,
11 Montgomery Street, Lick House Bloc
eow San Francisco, Cal,
Averill Chemical Paintl
MANUFACTURED bi the
Cal. Chemical Paint O
1
PURE WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY ]
APPLICATION — requiring no thinner or dryer, and I
not spoil by standing any length of time.
It is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and '
duceB a more Beautiful Finish than the best of <
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and i
last twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, state whether for Outside or
side use, as we manufacture an Inside White (eil
Flat or Gloss) for inside use, which will not turn
low, and produces a finish equal to the finest Of
Gloss.
Put up in U, %, 1,2 and 5 gallon packages, and
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card
Price List, or apply to the manufactory and office,
Cor. 4th and Townsend streets, S. F.
TYLER BEACH, M. C. JEWELL,
President. Secretary
3v9-eow-bp-ly
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
For Diseases of the Throat and Lung-a, si:
as Coughs, Colds, Whooping Cough, Br*
chitis. Asthma and Consumption.
The few compositid
which have won the
dence of mankind and
come household wi
among not only one,
many nationB, must
extraordinary virtues. ]
haps no one ever securer,
wide a reputation, or mt
tained it so long, as Ayj
Cherry Pectoral. It t
been known to the puV
about forty years, by a 1
continued series of mar*
lous cures, that have V
for it a confidence In its
tues, never equalled by any other medicine. It a
makes the most effectual cures of Coughs, Colds, C
sumption, that can be made by medical skill. Inch
the CHEBHy Pectoral has really robbed these danfi
ous diseases of their terrors, to a great extent, and gii
a feeling of immunity from their fatal effects, thai
well founded, if the remedy be taken in season. Ev
family should have it in their closet for the remedy *
prompt relief of its members. Sickness, suffering B
even life is saved by this timely protection. The p
dent should not neglect it, and the wise will not. K
it by yon for the protection it affords by its timely
in sudden attacks.
PREPABED BY.
BR. J. C. A7ER & CO., Lowell, Mas
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
Sold by all Druggists and dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAH, Wholesk Agents
V29-ly SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Quartz Mill for Sale
At Mineral Hill, Elko County, Nevada, four miles fn
Mineral Hill Station, on the Palisade and Eureka Rr
road, and 35 miles from the Central Pacifio Railroad
The Mineral Hill Silver Mines Company (Limiti
offer for sale their new 20-stamp mill (dry crushin
built by H. J. Booth & Co, of San Francisco.
The mill Is complete in every respect, with engir
Bailor's Stetefeldt Furnace and all modern applianc
and is as good as new, having only run two mont1
upon ore.
The whole is offered very cheap for cash. For furtl
information apply to
H. H. OAK^S, Superintendent.
Mineral Hill, Nevada
Woodward's Gardens embraces an Aquarlam, Mm
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houfli<
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
tbruary 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
326
THE AMERICAN
TURBINE
Water Wheel.
Power Pledged Equal to
any Over-shot Wheel
Ever Built.
wcntljr Improved and submitted to thorough sclen*
tests by Jiuik-h Emerson, showing thu following
ul effect of thu power of the water utilised, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
wuttge of ptrt gate. X 50.06; X 69.A4; S 78-73
83.63; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
r. Emerson lays: •' These are the beat aver-
1 results ever Riven by any Turbine Wheel
experience."
splendidly Illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
her information desired, furnish od on application to
TREAD WELL & CO..
BAN FRANCISCO. CAL.
sle Age nta for tha Pacific States and Territories.
18v09-oow-tf
PATENT
LASTIC PEN-HOLDER.
hlw Bolder in furnished* with a pairof elastic rubber
cushions, which render a atecl pou as flexible as the
'time goose quill pen.
rovtde an easy hold, that does not cramp or tire the
[em.
rotcct the Angers and desk from ink stains.
■he fingers acquire a delicate touch that enables a
■■"ii to obtain a beautiful hand-writing.
ho elasticity of the pen can be adjusted to Buit any
id, by simply sliding the pen up or down.
ySent by mail, on receipt of Seventy-Five Cents.
JOHN S. ORNDORPP,
Money Order Clerk,
13-lm-bp. Virginia, Nev.
S&, $$&mw&>
J<hrt7-eGW-16p
rvorvi?AK,ii:xL oil,.
40 Degrees Fire Teat, for Family Use
OWNERS OF MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES, your
tention is particularly called to this beautiful and
fe iLLuiriNATiNH On.. Its use is urgently recOm-
ended by the New York Fire Commissioners and lu-
u*ance Companies. For Bale to the trade In lots to
lit. A. HAYWARD, 224 California St.
19v28-3m
hajikijig apd fipajicial.
old. Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
(Corrected Weekly by Ohablks Sotbo & Co.]
San Francisco, THrjRsoAY.Feb. 16, 1875.
Legal Tenders in S. P., 1 1 a. m ., 87 to 88.
Gold Bars, 890. Silver Bars, 21-i per cent- discount.
Exchange on N. Y., %. per cent, premium for gold;
lextcan Dollars, 1J^ find 2 per cent, discount.
Jur-ency, 13!£ percent. On London— Bankers, 49!<.i : Com-
acrclal, 50. Pari", 5 francs per dollar.
London— Consols, 92V. to 92?,); Bonds, 90^; Liverpool
wheanH.'W^k 10d.; Club 9s. 9d. ; 10s. 3d.
QoiCKsiLvEit in S. F.. by the flask, per lb, $1.37
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
French Mutual Provident Savings and
Loan Society — Thirtieth Semi-ADnual Dividend— A div-
idend of eight 4-10 per cent, per aunum (net 8 4-10 per
cent.) has, in conformity with the report of the Com-
mittee of Verification appointed by the members of the
8oclety( been declared at the annual meeting, held on
the 15th instant. This dividend will be payable on
and after the 18th Instant, at the office of the Society,
411 Bush street. GUSTAVE MAHE,
Director French Savings Bank.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Hibernia Savings and Loan Soci-
ety.— At a meeting held on the 27th of January the
Board of Directors of this Society declared a dividend at
the rate of eight per cent per annum for the six Months
tiding with the 21st instant, payable immediately and
free from the Federal tax. EDW. MARTIN, Sec'y.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
California Savings and Loan Society,
612 California Street, San Francisco, have declared a
dividend of nine and six-tenths {9 6-10) per cent, per
annum on Term Deposit* and eight (8) per cent, per
anuum on Ordinary Deposits, for the half year ending
Slat December, 1874, free from Federal Tax, and paya-
ble on and after Wednesday, 6th January, 1875. By
order,
3-v29-lm D. B. CHISHOLM, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
San Francisco Savings Union, 532
California Street, Cor. Webb, for the half year ending
With December 31st, 1874, a dividend has been declared
at the rate of nine (9) per cent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (7%) per cent, on Or-
dinary Deposits, free of Federal Tax, payable on and
after January 13th, 1875. By order,
8-v29-lm LOVELL WHITE, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Bank of the Western Savings and
Trust Co., San Francisco, Jan. 4th, 1876. Depositors'
Dividend— The Directors of this Corporation have this
day declared the semi-annual dividend, at the rata of
en (10) per cent, per annum on Term Deposits and
igbt (8) per cent, on Ordinary Deposits, payable on
e nd after January 10th, 1875, at the office of the Bank
northeast corner uf Post and Kearny streets.
F. CLAY,
Vice-President and Cashier.
H. J. BOOTH, President. 3-v91m
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Savings and Loan Society, 619 Clay
Street. Tho Board of Directors have declared a divi-
dend for the six monthe ending December 31, 1874, of
Nine per cent, per annum on all deposits free of Fed-
eral tax, and payable on and after January IS, 1875.
By order CYRUS W. CABMAN Y, Cashier.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Masonic Savings and Loan Bank, No. 6
PoBt street. Masonic Temple, San Francisco. At a meet-
ing of the Board of Directors of this Bank, held Janu-
ary 18th, 1875, a dividend was declared at the rate of
nine and one-half (9M) percent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and Beven and one-half (7}$) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the semi-annual
term ending January 21st, 1875, payable on and after
January 28th, 1875, free of all taxes.
H. T. G8AVES, Secretary.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
The Farmers' and Mechanics7 Bank of
SAVINGS have declared a Dividend for the half year
ending December 31, 1874, at the rate of ten per cent,
per annum on term, eight percent, per annum on class
one ordinary, and six per cent per annum on class two
ordinary deposits, payable on and after January 15th,
1875. By order G. M. CONDER, Cashier.
3v9-lm-bp
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
No. 41 Second street, - - - Sacramento
ACCUMULATED FUND, NEARLY .
#i,sso,ooo.oo.
$100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with tha Cali-
fornia State Department as security for
Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND STANFORD Preslden
J. H. CARROLL Vice-President
JOS. ORAOKBON ...Secretary
All Policies issued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, are exempt from execution by the laws of Cali-
fornia. THE ONLY STATE IN THE UNION that pro-
vides for this exemption.
.^Policies issued by this Company are non-forfeita-
ble, and all profits are divided among the insured.
Policies may be made payable in Oold or Currency,
sb the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive Committee :
Lkland Stanford, J. H. Carroll.
Robt. Hamilton, Samuel Lavenson,
J as. Cahglan.
SCHBEIBES & HOWELL,
H-29-cow-bp-3m General Agents, Sacramento.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Selig-man & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, $1,600,000.
Remainder subject to call.
Dibectobs in LONDON— Hon. Hugh McOalloch, Reuben
D. Sassoon, William P. Scholfield, Isaac Seligman, Julius
Sington.
Managebs:
F. F. LOW and IONATZ STEINHAKT,
San Fbancibco.
The Bank is sow prepared to open accounts, receive il c-
EOBitB, make collections, buy aod sell Exchange, and Issue
ettai'B of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money ou proper securities. 2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF HAN FKAKCISU).
Capital, One Million Dollars.
O. W. KELLOGG President.
H.P.HASTINGS Manager.
K. N. VAN BRUNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California Btreet, San Francisco.
Kountze Beothees, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, upo*
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Beceive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining'
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
ill Bnsh street, above Kearny , SAN FKANOI BOO
4v27tf Or. MAHE, Director.
Mmifig apd Other Copipapie?.
Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company-
Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, California. Location of works, Central Hill,
Calaveras County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, (No. 3J
levied on the 7th day of December, 1874, the several
amounts get opposite the names of tha respective
shareholders, as follows:
Naiu.'s. No. Certificate. No. ShareB. Amount.
W U Knight, trustee 9 1875 $93 76
W a Knight, trustee 01 1876 9J 75
OH Stover 15 con 36 00
CHStovtr ifl 600 25 0(1
OH Btover u 600 25 nO
C H Stover 17 375 18 76
QKEckley 9 750 37 60
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 7th day of December,
1874, so many Bharea of each parcel of such stock as
may be nocessary will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Company, 321 Battery Htreut, San Francisco
Cal., on Monday, the twenty-filth day of January. 1875,
at 12 o'clock, m, to pay delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising aua expenses of sale.
ABRAM SHEAB, Secretary.
Office, 321 Battery street, San Francisco, California,
(office of U. S. Internal Bevonue Collector.)
POSTPONEMENT.— By order of the Board of Direc-
tors of the Calaveras Hydraulic Mining Company, the
above advertised sale is postponed to Tuesday, February
23d, 1875, at 12 o'clock m., and will take place at the
office of the Secretary, No. 321 Battery street.
i30-lt Bv order. ABRAM SHEAR. Secretarv.
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca-
tion of principal place of n 1 1 -. L , San Francisco, Cal-
1 hi in,!. Location of works, Soquel, Santa Cruz County,
California.
Notice is hereby given, tbatat a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 26th day of January, lfcli5, an as-
sessment of Five Dollars per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company. 314 California street, San Francisco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of March, 1876, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auotion. and unless
payment is made before, will be sold on the 22 d day of
March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS t-KANCONI, Secretary.
Office, No. 314 California street, San Francisco, Cal,
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, Cal.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described Btock, on account of assessment lev-
ied on the fourteenth day of January, 1875, the Beveral
amounts set opposite the names of tho respective
shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Benjamin, A F 71 25 $25 00
Benjamin, A F 72 76 75 00
Bryant, AJ 7 100 100 00
Lunt, O A 10 100 100 00
Taylor, J W 74 5 5 00
Torrey.EN 8 100 100 00
Torrey, EN, Trustee 11 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 12 100 100 00
Torrey, E N , Trustee 13 100 100 00
Toirey, EN, Trustee 15 100 1Q0 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 16 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, TruBtee 17 100 100 00
Terrey, E N, Trustee 19 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 20 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 21 50 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee ..22 50 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 23 50 50 00
Torrey, EN. Trustee 24 60 60 00
Torrey, EN, Trustee 25 50 50 00
Torrey, EN, Trustee 26 50 50 00
Torrey, E N, TruBtee 27 60 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 28 50 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 29 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 30 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 31 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 32 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 37 334 334 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 39 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 40 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 56 50 60 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 58 50 60 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 69 50 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 60 60 50 00
Torrey, W L 42 100 100 00
Townsend.MD 6 100 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 14th day of January,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company, room 16, 408 California street,
San Francisco, Cal., on the 5th day of March, 1875, at
the hour of 12 o'clock, 11, of said day, to pay said de-
linquent as sessment thereon, together with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California,
Confidence Mining Company — Location
of principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location of works, Tuolumne C'onnty, State of Califor-
Notice Is hereby given, that at a meetinR of the Board of
IDirectors, held on the sixteenih day ot January, 18,5, an
nssessment of thirty (30) cents per share was levied upon
tthe capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States cold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company, 210 Batlery street, San Francisco, Califor-
nia.
Any Btock upon which this assessment snail remain un-
paid on Tuesday, the twenty-third day of February, A. D.,
1875, will be delinquent, and advertised for eale at public
auction, and unless payment is made before, will be sold
on Wednesday, the seventeenth day of March, 187ft, to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale. _
W. S. ANDERSON. Secretary.
Office, 210 Battery street, San Francisco, Ual.
Electric Mining Company — Principal
Elace of business, San Francisco, State of California,
location of works, Linooln Mining District, Butte
County, California. .
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the Itith day of February, 1675, an
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon tho
capital stock of tho corporation, payable Immediately in
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any slock unun which this assessment shall remain un-
paid 011 the 2<!d day of March 1875, will be delinquenr, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will oe sold on Monday, the 12th day of
April, 1875, to pay tho delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No 318 California street, San Francisco
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
Sanv. Principal place of business. City and County of
an Francisco, Stale of California. Location of works,
iCnerry Creek Mining Diatrict, White Fine County, Ne-
Notic'e is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
{Directors, held on the 2d day of January, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United SUtes gold coin, to the Secretary, at the offlc*
of the Company, Room 14, 3u2 Montgomery atreat, San
Francisco.
Any atock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the fith day of February, 1876, will be delinquent,
and advertised lor pale at public auction, and unless pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on Monday the first day
of March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MIl.LIhLIN, Secretary.
Office— Room II, No. 302 Montgomery street, S. F.
POSTPONEMENT.— The time when the above assess-
ment will become delinquent is pOHtpoued to the eighth
(8th) day of March, and the sale of stock for delin-
quency is postponed to Wcdnecday, the thirty-nret
(3l8t) day of March, 1875, at the same hour and place
above mentioned. By order of the Directors.
I. T. MILUKEN, Secretary.
San Francisco, Feb. 2, 1876.
Gold Mountain Mining Company — Loca-
tion of principal place of business, Sun Francisco,
California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, 011 account uf aBsessmcut levied on the
fourth day of January, 1875, the Beveral amounts aet
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
W AKiapp, Trustee 13 600 $124 00
W A Knapp, Trustee 19 100 25 00
W A Knapp, Trustee 76 200 60 00
Thomas Bern ett 9 2,600 6->5 Ot)
T B Kent, Trustee 44 4.126 1,031 25
E A Richardson, TruBtee 37 6,000 l.OtJO 0U
J F Woodman 51 HH) 26 00
D M Hosmer, Trustee 49 400 100 00
And in accordance with law, and air order of the
Board of Directors, made on tho fourth day of January,
1876, so many shares ot each parcel uf said stock us
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Secretary, W. Aur. Knapp, at 116 Leides-
dorff Btreet, on the twentieth day of February, 1S76,
at the hour of one o'clock p. m., of salu day, to pay said
delinquentassebsmeut thereon, together with coats of
advertising and expenses of sale.
W. AUG. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office, 116 Leidesdorff Btreet.
Kearsarge Consolidated Quicksilver Min-
ing Company.
Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 28th day of December, 1874,
an assessment, No. 1, of 30 cents per share was levied
upon the capital Bto k of the corporation, payable im-
mediately, in United Status gold and silver coin to the
Secretary, No. 408 California street, San Francisco. Cal.
Any Btock upon which this assessment shall remain
unpaid on the eighth of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment be made before, will bo Bold on Mon-
day, the 22d day of February, 1876, to pay the delin-
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
JAMES McHAFFEE. Secretary.
Office Rooms, 10 & 11— No. 408 California strees, San
Francisco, Cal.
Kincaid Flat Mining Company — Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal.
Location of works, Sonora, Tuolumne county. Col.
Notice is hereby giren, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 4th day of February, 1B76, an assess-
ment of sixty cents per snare was levied upon the
capital stock ot said Company, payable, immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at his office, 210
Battery street.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 9th day of Murch, 1875, Bball be deemed
delinquent, and will be duly advertised for sale at public
auction, and unless payment shall be made before, will
be sold on the 2Hth day of March, iB75, to pay the
delinquent assessment together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale. By order of the Direc-
tors. B. H. CORNELL, Secretary.
Office. 210 Battery street, San Francisco.
Manhattan Marble Company of California.
Location of principal place of business. San Francisco
California. Location of works, Oakland, Alameda
County, State of California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 8th day of January, 1875, an assessment,
(No. 6) of two dollars per share was levied upon the cip-
ital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary of the company,
at his office, Noa. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco.
California.
Any Btock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on tho 20th day of February, 1875, shall bo deemed
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment is made before, will be Bold on Saturday,
the 13tn day of March, 1875, at 12 o'clock m., to pay the de-
linquent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
L. L, ALEXANDER, Sec'y.
Office— Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California,
Martin & Walling Mill and Mining
Company. The annual meeting of the Martin & Wal-
ling Mill and Mining Company, for the (lection of a
Board of Directors, and such other busineBS as shall
properly come before the meeting, will be held at the
office of the Company, room 16, 408 California street,
San Francisco, California, on Thursday, the 25th day
of February, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock, m.
J. w. TRIPP, Secretary.
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal place of buBineBS, 8an FranclBco,
California. Location of works, Grass Valley Town-
ship, Nevada County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment No. 2, levied
on the fourth day of January, 1875, the several amouuts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
William Q Grant 11 119 $119 00
A Delano, Trustee 4 100 100 00
A Delano, Trustee 5 100 100 00
A Delano, Trustee 6 100 1C0 00
A Delano, Trustee 7 100 100 00
A Delano, Trustee 8 100 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the fourth day of Janu-
ary, 1876, so many shares of each parcel of said Btock
as maybe necessary will be sold at public auction, at
the office of the Company, No. 316 California Btreet,
room 8, San Francisco, California, on Tuesday, the sec-
ond day of March, 1875, at the hour of one o'clock p. m.,
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with coBts of advertising and expenses of sale,
J. F.NESMITH, Secretary.
Office — Room 8, No. 315 California street, San Fran*
cibco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Princi-
pal place of business, San Franci9co, State of Califor-
nia. Location of works, Kearsarge Mining District,
Inyo County. California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
ol Director.0, held on the 17tli day of February, 1875, an
iisssBsment of five cents per share wan levied upon the
capital Btock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secreiary, at
the office of the Company, in Sun Francisco.
Anv ctock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on tho 1 1 th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, Hnd onles- navment
is made betore, will be sold on Thursday, the 17tn day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with COBtB of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Franolsco
126
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[February 20, 1875.!
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Rock Drill Comoany.
— MANUFAOTUBEBS OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for IBlastingr, Putnam Ma-
i_ chine Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
JPA^RKiE «fc LACY,
2iv28-sm-hd 310 California St., S. F.
FIREMANS' FUND
iisrsTJK/A.^rciE coiMUF-A-iisrir
OF CALIFORNIA.
Assets;
HEAL ESTATE (unencumbered) S. W. cor. Sansome and California streets
LOANS ON BOOT AND M0KTGA9E, first liens .-
INTEREST due thereon
do due and accrued on stocks ^.
UNITED STATES BEGISTERED BONDS, par value, §138,500; market value
SAN FRANCISCO CITY AND CO UNTY do 18,000 " "
CALIFORNIA STATE BONDS 1,000 " "
SOUTH CAROLINA STATE BONDS 10,000 " "
STOCKS BANK OF CALIFORNIA, 200 shareB 20,000 " " »
do FIRST NATIONAL GOLD BANK, 100 shares. 10,000 " "
BILLS RECEIVABLE, secured by collaterals, market value $88,600 — loaned
CASH in Company's Principal Office
do deposited in Bank of California
do do do do Sather & Co
do do do do Laidlaw & Co., New York
do do do Union National Bank, Chicago
PREMIUMS in due course of collection
NET BALANCES in hands of Managers, Eastern and "Western Departments, and in due course of
transmission
BILLS RECEIVABLE, not matured, taken for Marine and Inland Risks
TAXES AND STREET ASSESSMENTS advanced on Beal Estate, secured by terms of original
Mortgages .-
BENTS due and accrued
OFFIOE FURNITURE
$166,000 00
120,672 00
701 42
640 00
148,195 00
18,000 00
1,000 00
2,600 00
26,800 00
11,760 00
60,000 00
5,892 86
7,574 82
9,286 01
2,843 10
6,210 00
23,431 42
25,749 00
22,239 75
8,073 19
250 00
6,661 12
Gross Assets. -
Liabilities:
. $667,469 93
LOSSES due and unpaid— none.
do reported and in process of adjustment $31,870 61
do resisted 2,126 25 33,996 86
MARINE BILLS payable 1,784 00
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS 2,159 36
Total.
Net Assets, December 31, 1874 $629,529 72
COMPABATIVE. ' ——-
NET ASSETS, December 31, 1873. ,
NET ASSETS, December 31, 1874.
$558,418 50
629,529 72
$71,111 22
D. J. STAPLES, President.
ALPHEUS BULL, Vice«President.
GEO. D. DORMN, Secretaty.
WM. J. DUTTON, Assistant Secretary
VERY IMPORTANT
TO MINERS AND MILL MEN.
Silver-Plated Copper Amalgamating Plates for Saving Gold,
Of all Sizes and in any Quantity, Furnished to Order.
FULL INSTRUCTIONS SENT FOB OPERATING THESE PLATES.
Over fifty prominent Mills and Mines have already been furnished with these plates. Particular attention given
to plating goods for Buiders, Plumbers, etc. Hotel and Restaurant work replated.
SAN FRANCISCO GOLD AND SILVER PLATING WORKS,
653 and 655 Mission Street, ------ SAN FRANCISCO
E, G-, DENNITON, Proprietor.
25v29-lam-3m
"WANTED— By a graduate of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, -who has had practical experi-
ence, the situation of Chemist or Assayer, or a position
sb Assistant In a Mine or Smelting Works. References
given it required. Address, O. B. STAFFORD
OVEIC #3,500 I>EI£ MONTH S^VEX>
BY THE USE OF
Hendy's Improred Amalgam ator and Concentrator)
Can be seen at the Manufactory, No. 32 Fremont Street, San Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 27, 1872.
JOSHUA HENDY, Esq, — Dear Sir: — As a practical miner and millman, I take pleasure in recommending the
use of your Concentrators in all mills where gold or silver ores are reduced. No mills should be without them,
for the following reasons :
1st. They are good sizers (no perfect concentration in pulverized ores can be effected without first sizing) .
2d. The best Concentrator I have ever known — (the concentrated stuff only containing 6 per cent, of sand),
3d. They are good amalgamators, light (feathery) particles of amalgam and particles of coated gold by at-
trition are brightened, and from their specific gravity and the action of the pan, fall to the bottom and adhere.
4th. They require but little power and attention to run them, and with ordinary care will last for years.
I have been familiar with the workings of your Concentrators for four years past; have run them myself in
the North Star Mine, GraBS Valley; am familiar vrith their practical workings on the Empire Mine, GraSB Valley;
St. Patrick, PlacerOo.; St. Lawrence, El Dorado Co.; Oaks and Reese, Mariposa Co., and most cheerfully give <
you this testimonial. For further information you are at liberty to refer to,
Youtb respectfally, JAS. H. GROSSMAN, M. E.
. 409 California street, or Cosmopolitan Hotel,
SAN FRANCISCO, February 10, 1874.
Office Supebinteicdent ov Keystone Con. M. Co., Amadoe, Amadob County.
MR. J. HENDY— Dear Sir.— In answer to your inquiries as to.your Concentrators furnished our company t
last July, I would say that I am more than pleased with them; and the saving to the company has been over '
$3,600 per month more than with the blankets and buddies formerly in use. O. O. HEWITT, Supt.
OFFICE SUMNER MINE, KERNVUfB, April 27, 1874. .
J. HENDY, Esq. — Dear Sir: Having four of your Concentrators in use at our jfilJs for four or five months,
which for saving Amalgam and for concentrating Sulphurets, are a success, beyond a doubt, I feel it a duty
due you and those interested in Quartz Mills, to recommend them,
Ab further evidence of their worth, I now order TWELVE more of your Machines for our new Mill, now in •
course of erection. E. R. BURKE, Superintendent.
For description send for Circular.
Office and Works, 32 Fremont street.
JOSHUA HENDY, San Francisco.
9v28-lm-tf
DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF
:h:^:r,:d-w-.a.:r,:e], xt^ojst, steel
AJND OTHER. 'METALS,
107, 109 and I I I FRONT STREET,
108, 110 and 112 FINE STBEET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CA-TLi.
2v30-0m*eow
For "Washing- and Cleaning- Purposes.
For Sale by all Grocers.
This article is universally used in Europe, and, recenty
introduced for general family use in San Francisco and
neighborhood, is already in great demand. It is now the
intention of the manufacturers to introduce it all over the
Pacific Ci ast, at prices which will bring it within the reach
of every household.
It is unequalled for cleansing Woolen Fabrics, Cutlery,
Carpets or Crockery ; for Scrubbing Floors, "Washing Paint,
Removing Grease Spots, Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water soft, and imparts a delightiul sense of
coolness after washing.
DIRECTIONS.- For Laundry, use two to four table-
spooonfuls to a washtub of water. For bathing, use one
tablespoonf ul in the bath tub. For removing grease spots,
apply with a bruBh, undiluted, and wash with water after-
ward. For stimulating the growth of plants, use a few
drops In every pint of water used in watering.
PRICE. -Per Pint Bottle, 25 cents; per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents; per Half Gallon. 75 cents.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for chemical pur-
pose, fertilizing, and the preparation of artificial manures.
AMMONIACAL PREPARATION, for the prevention and
removal of boiler scale. CRUDE AMMONIA, for general
munafactnring. and PURK LIQUOR and AQUA AMMO-
NIA for chemical and pharmacentioal purposes.
^^-Manufactured by the
SAN FRANCISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowbp
Brittan, Holbreok & Co., Importers of
Stoves aud Metale, TinnerB' Goods, Tools aod Machines;
HI and 11 California St., 17 and 19 J>avia St., San Fran-
oisoo. ana 178 J St.. Sacramento. mr.-ly
Toledo, Ohio, Pubohabebb please nay advertised in Scientific Press
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND-POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest Btate of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office. No. 315 California street, Booms 16 and 17.
24v28-tf
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Having the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OB
"WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON r»II>E.
All Sizes IVIade and all Work Guaranteed.
130 JSeole . Street,
SAN FBANCISCO.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; "Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
deffl 611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. AIbo, Quarts
Mills. Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY. No, 32 Fremont Street.
February 20, 1875.]'
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
127
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
I 00S, BTHBa fc CO. "9 Celebrated Hoisting Engines have been too long
In DM OD UU PuUto Coast to require any r*j>ecml recommendation Irom us.
»e reler una conllileuce to any one of the hundreds now in uso. We llmpT]
state tliat tliey still sustalu their old refutation, the manufacturer, not
Having mllowrd tlm now too common practice of reducing tho oualily of
maurlal and wurkioaUBlilp for the sake ol competing with eheapor eiigluea.
r r details of sizes send for price list. Wu desire to call particular attention
to our new -
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the same parties.)
Which have just been Introduced on thin Count. The plans and ipwlflOiWorja
aro tho cumbined "-•ffurts of our mobt hdcckkskul uxnxng BfarJLMM. and the
r.-sult in tho most couiph-to
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING ENGINE
Sver built. Their advantages will be seen at n glance by any 0110 familiar with
be !,.,,-«sities of a mine. One of these ennlnea may bo seen at work In the
iQlOhex mine, and onu in the Ophir, on tho Cooistook lode, to both of which
0 radar. »"Wo have all sizes of these engines constantly on hand. For
lo only at
THEADWELL & CO.'S,
^ San Franoisco, Cal.
23vl9-eow-tf
Ko. 4 Car Wheel Borer.
"We Iiavc the best and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
used in
MACHINE, LOCOMOTIVE,
AND
K. R. Repair Shops.
83?" For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc,
addresB
NEW YORK STEAM ENQINE CO.,
08 Chambers Street, Now York.
lSv28-eow-ly
BAILEY'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE PLANES.
THIRTY DIFFERENT STYLES.
Smooth, Jack, Fore, Jointer, Block and Circular Planes.
MANUFACTURED OF BOTH
IRON A. IS D WOOD.
OTBR
80,000
Already Sold.
MANUFACTURERS:
STANLEY" RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY-
(Factories: New Britain, Conn. Warerooms: 35 Chambers Street, New York.
FOK SALE BY ALL HAKDWARE DEALERS.
■W Send f or descriptive Circulars, embracin g a full assortment of Improved Tools.
21v28-l«ni-ly
THE BIEMING-HAM SHOVEL.
These Shovels have No Rivets nor Straps.
The blade Is made of one piece of BEST SOLID CAST STEEL,
tbe blade and shank being one piece.
THEY WILL WEAR TWICE AS LONG
As the ordinary shove They are the STRONGEST, BEST and
CHEAPEST SHOVEL EVER MADE. Examine the engravings care-
fully and you Can see how they are made.
THEY NEED ONLY TO BE TRIED
To prove their value. ByPricea same as ordinary shovels. Auk
for the BIRMINGHAM SHOVEL. Take-no other.
TB.EAD"WELIi & CO., Sole Agents for Pacific States,
San Francisco. Cal.
OE^TTEirnsri^nii packing.
SELF-LUBRICATING.
FOR
Locomotive
Marine and
Stationary
ENGINES.
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF ALL KINDS.
The CENTENNIAL is composed of the finest Hemp, made in strands or seotions, of different sizes, each be-
ing saturated in a composition of pure German Black Lead and Tallow and covered with n braiding of tho beBt
Italian Hemp to be found in the market. It is manufactured in a shape the most convenient to use and
handle, and gives from 50 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makeB. It runs
with less friction on the rod than any other Packing made, from the fact of itB being so perfectly soft and
pliable, and so well lubricated so to require a minium pressure on the rod. It cuts off smooth and makes per-
fect joints, is easily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires occasionally a new ring to keep the Btuthng box
full. ENGINEERS, TRY IT. For sale in any quantity by TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS. jag
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER EXGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFG. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for the best
SAW'S
In the great National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and lasting over six days. Our -celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
"We have made special shipping arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Pacific Coast. KS~ONLY SEVEN DAYS BY MALL. FROM SAN FRANCISCO. ~^M Send your address for a full
report of tbe great National Sawing Contest, and the class of Baws that sou use, with tbe thickneBS, size and
kind that you use, and specify Buch aB you will require within the next 60 days. We will guarantee to furnish
you with saws that have no equal in quality, and at prices that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally;
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our PittBburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of steel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dieb superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 ceutB per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dieb made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dieb which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will notout-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in use in many of the largest
mills on the Pnciflc Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapneBB on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippings, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
with dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Koom|l,"Academy Build luff ,S. F
128
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[February 20, 1875 1
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-MORE THAN 7000 IN USE.
Hand Power
MINING PUMPS,
TANK PUMPS,
MARINE PUMPS,
FIRE PUMPS,
Plunger PUMPS,
SUGAR PUMPS,
OIL PUMPS,
Brewry PUMPS,
Tannery PUMPS,
Irrigating PUMPS,
FARM PUMPS,
•ACID PUMPS,,,
Wrecking PUMPS J
FEED PUMPS.1
The BLAKE PUMP may be seen in many of the principal mines of California and Nevada. More than 7,000 have been sold, and we refer to any one found in use.
and handsomely Illustrated Catalogue giving prioes and details of over 100 different sizes. A large stock of all sizes on hand at the Machinery Depot of
Send for our large J
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
HASKtN'S
I C I N
-gEfll-pOIVnABLjE!
The highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY. THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
W. T. GARRATT.
Ok CITY A
j&> Brass and Bell Founder, Jj&
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANUFAOTUBEBfl OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Priotioii or Babbet Meta
castings.
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVERN AND LASO BKI.L.S, 60NU8,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUHPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop.
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES lor mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
OS-Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, OOP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf_
Cazirrs Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator— One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a Bizing apparatus, (revolving Bcreen) de-
livering two or love sizes of ore to two or four rows of
sieves, each row independent of the other, and each
having 6 sieves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-clusb ores into
Ist-class ores of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter; — galena and silver Bnlpburets from
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps theBe machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most cases for the requirements of western mines, with
a capacity of 15 or 20 tons per 21 hours.
For particulars apply to,
F. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co.
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, or corner of
jBlake and 32d Itreets, ag8-16p
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE AND MIIX CO'
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors,
30 and 33 Spear St.
Manufacturers of
WATER TANKS. MCIN-
INGr WORK OP
ALL KINDS.
WINE, BEER AND LIQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
GIANT P0WDEK.
Patented May 26, 1808.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT FOWX>EK, 1VO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, NO- 29
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE uBe saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
JET" The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDBLANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description Bee Mining and Scientific! Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
Randol and Fiedler's quicksilver condensers,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Miking and Scientific Press, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S .QUICKSILVER. CONDENSERS,
MADE OP IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Press, November 16tb, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3m F. FIEDLER, New AlmadenCa,
N. w. spatjlding,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Noa. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market
i%>
MANUFACTURER OF
SPAULDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws
They have proved to be the most du able and oconomi
oal Saws in the Woi.d.
Each Saw is Warranted in every
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mil la
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the loweat Market Prices.
MAGAZINES.
Harper's
Atlantic
Godey
New York Ledger. . . .
Blackwood
Hours at Home
Good Words
Peterson s
Arthur
Lady a Friend
Harper's Weekly,...
Chimney Corner
Literary Album
London Society.
All the Year Round .
London 111. Nbwb
S 00
5 00
6 00
IS 00
W. E. L09MIS,
News I>ealei
AND STATIONER,
S. E. corner of Sansomo an
Washington streets,
BUPFLZBS ALL
Eastern Perodicals
BVTHH
Tear, Month, or Nnmh
BAIRD'S
FOE PRACTICAL M
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTI-
CAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 9G pages, 8vo., will be
sent free of postage, to anv one who will favor me with
Mb address. HENRY CABEY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
16p Philadelphia.
Dewey & Co. {„£*„} Patent Agt's.
A. WELDOft'S PATENT
Low-Water Alarm Gauge
jfe^=gaj For STEAM BOILERS of Every Descriptio!
THE SUREST,
CHEAPEST,
SIMPLEST, and
BEST IN EXISTENCE-
Price, - ^4«
With Glass Water-Gange Complete, $50.
A. POTTER, Sole Agent,
238 Mission Street, Sail Franclsoi
la Illustrated Journal of Minings
iv i>i:\vi:Y «5t CO.
l*ii t<- m Solicitor*.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 27, 1875.
VOLUME XL.XX
A New Fruit Dryer.
The business of fruit drying in this State has,
ithin the past few years, grown to large pro-
ortions, and bids fair to be even larger. We
ow raise mnch more fruit than home consump-
on demands, and the consequence of this is
tat in order to insure the sale of crops the
,rmera and fruit raisers must dry or otherwise
reserve the surplus production. Since it was
ret demonstrated in California that fruit can
dried with profit a number of fruit dryers
,ve been introduced in the market and several
fferent machines are now in use. We have
scribed all the processes in use here in the
bess and now illustrate and describe a new
pirant for public favor.
The dryer illustrated by the accompanying
igraving was invented by William S. Plummer,
this city, and has been tested practically for
er three months, principally on pumpkins.
le process is continuous the fruit being placed
racks which are made to revolve and carry
e fruit around a horizontal course through
Kited chambers and back to the place of
arling.
By refering to the cut the general plan of the
yer can be seen. B represents a circular dry.
g chamber in which the racks, A, for holding
fruit are carried. This chamber is enclosed
a stationary circular wall which is provided
th a door, to get at the racks, as shown. A
aam coil passes r11 around the interior of the
e chamber on the floor. The heated air from
e furnace passes into an air chamber about
.e foot in hight and comes through the perfo.
ted floor so that the hot air comes up through
e steam coils and is distributed throughout the
lit drying chamber. A steam coil attached to
e sliding door, C, is used for giving a greater
gree of heat to the fruit as it is first put in.
will be seen that there are several rows of
pes in this movable coil so arranged that a
w of steam pipes passes between each two
cks of fruit. A small movable partition is
between the row of racks, A, which
e to be taken out, and the racks holding the
een fruit on the left. By this means when
e rackB holding the green frnit are put in their
i, the chamber is revolved sufficiently to
that section in the position where the
ding coil can be run in between the racks; at
e same time the door can be opened and the
pit which has been dried can be removed. The
lovable coil, C, is to subject the green fruit for
. I ahort time to a greater heat than can be main-
'] lined in the drying chamber, for "bursting
■A le air cells." The slide on which this coil is
a aced, is to draw the coil and the parlition
I wk, momentarily to allow the racks to be
j jrned as often as each set is filled with green
i;i ait.
A boiler in another part of the building fur-
I Ishes steam for the steam coil and for the en-
3 he for driviog the air pump. An air heater is
H jaced in the furnace under the boiler so that
p e same fire furnishes both steam and hot air
1 1 the fruit dryer. Both boiler and air heating
J bparatus are placed in a room under the dryer.
ID! jfan drives the hot air through the drying
It)' Umber and through the escape pipe, D.
The revolving chamber in. which the fruit
'i; | dried, is suspended on a frame by means of
j bn rods, so that it may revolve around the
ntral Bupport, E. The steam coils are laid on
e floor and the hot air enters through the
ationary side of the chamber at a point be-
£| jnd the movable coil, G. The hot air thus
i ( jisses completely around the chamber before it
i- I la escape at D. By this means both hot air
id steam are used in drying the fruit and as one
.tch of fruit is dried and removed another batch
g-tt put in the chamber. The machine which we
I amiaed at Spaulding & Bros., 31 Beale street,
J'1 1 24 feet in diameter and has room for 140 trays.
iie trays have a superficial area of about one
ird. Six trays are put in about every twelve
inuteB. Mr. Plummer states that he easily
les 500 trays in a day, for as fast as one batch
finished another is put in. The capacity of
the machine is only limited by the size of the
chamber. The same fire heats the air and fur-
nishes the steam for steam ooils and engine.
This dryer can be attached to any steam engine
and boiler now in use at a saving of from $500
to $1,000 on the first cost.
The arrangement of this dryer is quite sim-
ple, and it seems to be effective. While
we wf re examining the machine one day this
week they were drying pumpkins, and those
removed from the machine were immediately
ground to a fine powder. The amount of
pumpkin dust in the room showed plainly that
the pumpkins had been thoroughly dried. This
finely powdered pumpkin is put up in small
packages and sold.
These fruit dryers are sold at a comparatively
low price. No. 1, which is 22 feet in diameter,
The City of Peking.
That noble specimen of naval architecture,
the "City of Peking," sailed from this city on
Saturday last. Invitations were issued by the
agent of the P. M. S. S. Co. in this city to a
number of persons, to take a short excursion
around the bay in the "Peking" before her de-
parture. The guests were transferred to the
steamer "Arizona" when near Hunter's Point,
and both vessels sailed in company as far as
Fort Point, where farewells were exchanged,
and the "City of Peking" passed on through
the Golden Gate on her voyage to China. A
number of small steamers and tug-boats accom-
panied the large steamer to the Gate, and then
whistles and bells, with the band, and the boom-
PLUMPER'S PATENT ERTJIT DRYER.
is sold for $2,500; No. 2, which is 24 feet in
diameter is $3,000, and No. 4 is sold for $4,000
and is 28 feet in diameter. No. 3 has 24 sec-
tions and holds 168 trays. There are seven
trays to each section in all the different sizes.
These prices include the whole machine, engine,
boiler, pump, steam coils, patent right and all;
parties buying only furnishing their own build-
ing. The engine furnished is five horse power,
and may be used for other purposes, Buch as
pumping, etc. Mr. Plummer is confident that
he can introduce his dryer all over the State, as
its construction is so simple that he can sell it
cheap. As will be seen from what we have said
its capacity is great, and the operation of dry-
ing is continuous. As fast as one tray is put
in another is removed, by simply turning the
revolving chamber one section, the catch F,
regulating it so that the trays always come ex-
actly in front of the doors. The machine is
easily revolved by a light crank, the position of
which is close behind the escape pipe, J). The
arrangement of the movable coils, C, is partic-
ularly ingenious, as considerable heat is con-
centrated exactly where it is wanted, and at the
time it is wanted, namely, when the fruit is
first put in the dryer. The machine does not
take up much room and may be erected in a
shed. The walls of the revolving chambers
are lined with felting to prevent the escape of
heat. The hot air is compelled to pass through
all the fruit in the dryer before it can escape,
and the steam coils extend around the whole
machine. It will be observed that this fruit
dryer differs from others now in nse in several
particulars, and it is the only one in which a
horizontal revolving motion is accomplished.
Those desiring further information concerning
it can send for circulars to Spaulding Bros,
31 Beale street, in this city.
ing of the big guns from Alcatraz, as a salute
was fired, altogether made an exciting scene.
No repairs were necessary to the machinery
of the "Peking" after her voyage. When in
the dry dock her propeller was repaired and a
number of defective rivets were replaced with
good ones. Quite a number haa" to be removed,
but this is what happens to nearly every iron
ship after her first voyage. The engines and
machinery of the "Peking" attracted a great
deal of attention from our engineers. There is
no reason why engines of like character could
not be made here if occasion requires it. We
gave a detailed descripion of the steamer when
she was launched, and as so much has been
said of her that we do not care to repeat it. The
engines of course are very large. Each consists
of two pairs of compound engines. The stroke
is 54 inches. There are two low-pressure cyl-
inders of 88 inches each, and two high pres-
sure of 51 inches each. Either engine may be
detached from the other, and in case of break-
age of one of them at sea, the sound one may
be worked while the other is in process of re-
pair, and will propel the vessel at two-thirds of
itB regular speed. This colossal machinery is
furnished with steam from ten cylindrical boil-
ers, 13 feet in diameter by 10 feet 6 inches
long, the shell of each boiler being 13-16 of an
inch thick and double-riveted. Each boiler
has three cylindrical furnaces, with 204 tubes
Zya inches outside diameter by 7 feet 6 inches
long.
On the excursion trip last Saturday, we ex-
amined with great interest the machinery at
work. Standing over the cylinders there was
not the least perceptible noise, and everything
worked as smoothly as possible. In the engine
room one could hardly conceive that the almost
noiseless machinery was driving the enormous
ship ten or twelve knots an hour. There was
no jar or trembling whatever caused by the
propeller. The vessel was stopped and started
several times and it was impossible to tell by
any jarring whether the propeller was revolv-
ing or not. The quietness with which the ma-
chinery worked was marvelous. It, went like
clockwork, and with not much more noise.
After getting aboard the "Arizona" and steam-
ing alongside the "City of Peking" one could
realize better the proportion of the latter. She
cut the water smoothly and took the water for
about 30 or 40 feet without a ripple. At a point
that distance from the cutwater a slight curly
wave rolled over, but from the aft there was not
a ripple. She was drawing 24 feet of water,
and her wake was as clean and smooth as that
of a captain's gig, no foam or signs of agitation
in the water being perceptible. After leaving
Alcatraz they "opened her out" and she showed
a clean pair of heels to the "Arizona"' the
"Antelope," the "General McPherson," and
the new tug "Rescue," which steamers were
escorting her out. As a specimen of naval
architecture and ingenious mechanism the
"City of Peking" and her engines are a credit
to America.
Reworking Old Ground.
The effect of the United States law requiring
expenditures on mining claims annually has
caused the relocation of many old, abandoned
claims throughout the country. Fromjill parts
of this and neighboring States we hear of old
claims being reworked, and many of them with
good results. The abandonment of a mining
claim does not always indicate worthlessness by
any means, for in many cases it is caused by
want of capital or a desire to seek new fields.
Moreover, the causes which made many miners
abandon their claims in some localities have
been removed. New mills have been built in
districts where formerly there were none; rail-
roads have brought otber mining camps into
notice ; new methods of working refractory
ores have been devised, and capital has come
to the assistance of labor.
We hear of new mines coming to the front
every day, many of them in old districts, and
the prospector has work before him for many a
year to come. Still, there are numbers of
mines which were originally located years ago,
which from adverse circumstances were not
worked, but which are as good now as some of
the new mines. In some of the old districts
"revivals" have taken place, and work recom-
menced with vigor. As an instance of this we
can mention the celebrated Meadow Lake dis-
trict, several developments in which, the
Truckee Republican says, give promise of a re-
vival of the abandoned city, more than thirty
claims having been relocated. It is also re-
ported that persons in the lower part of the
county contemplate running a stage line from
Cisco to Meadow Lake. Tbis place has been
considered quite a romantic spot on account of
its being utterly deserted, and several pretty
little stories have been written about it. Now,
however, it seems that the spirit of progress
has reached it again, and the grass-grown
streets will once more know the foot of man.
Another instance which can be mentioned is
Forbestown, formerly a famous mining town,
which the Oroville Mercury says has all at once
taken a new lease of life and is going ahead at
a rapid rate. New buildings are going up, and
new faces are to be seen every day on the
street, seeking their homes. The work carried
on by the mill company is giving employment
to many, and the prospect is good that as soon
as the new company get in running order there
will be employment for a great many new
hands, especially quartz miners. The placer
mines are by no means exhausted yet, and
many find employment in them.
It is not, however, in totally abandoned
camps that the work of relocation is most
marked/but in camps where great rushes have
been made for fortunes, and where they were
not made in a day they were left for other
places. Miners recognize now, more forcibly
than ever, that they, like (most other men,
must be content with modest profits, allhough,
at the same time, they stand a chance of some-
thing handsome. We are glad to note the fact
that so many old claims have been taken up
again and worked, knowing that it augurs re-
newed prosperity in mining matters.
130
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 27, 1875.
vORRESPONDEIMCE.
Mexican Mines— San Dimas.
Editoes Press: — It has been Home time since
I have had the opportunity to post you on this
and neighboring districts. The principal com-
panies here are the Laveaga's, the Durango
mining company of New York, the house of J.
Kelly & Co., of Mazatlan, and any amount of
"buscones" (chloriders). The first own the
San Luis mine, the Tapias, the Soledad and
Arana mines. Fred. Sundell is their engineer.
He put a two-mule whim into San Luis mine
for them, which has done so much to remove
their prejudice towards machinery, that they
Sbnt him to San Francisco to buy "Maquinas"
for the rest of their mineB. They own the
Hacienda of "Baluarte," and they are the big
guns of this region, holding the powers that be
where the hair is short. In the meantime
they are working only one quality at a time,
until Sundell returns. They still adhere to
the Mexican style of working ores, although
Capt. Dahlgren's mill (rented to Storch & Co.;
gives them occular proof of the rapid dispatch
and close working of ores, whether rebellions
or not.
"We now come to the second mentioned com-
pany, Durango mining company of New York.
This company own the Bolanos, Candelaria
andCinco Senores mines, and the Hacienda of
Huamuchil. This company bought these
mines in 1864. Mr. Jos. G. Rice (now dead)
was the first Superintendent. He started two
tunnels, one for Candelaria and one for Cinco
Senores. He worked the Bolanos mine and
started the mill building of a 10-stamp mill at
said Hacienda de Huamuchil.
M. Ralph Martin, of New York, was the
second Superintendent. He advanced the two
tunnels. In 1870, Capt. Dahlgren, of Nevada,
succeeded him. He finished the mill and ad-
vanced the tunnels, starting a new one for
Bolanos. Not being supported by his com-
pany, as promised, he got into debt and had to
rent his mill for three years to get out, as also
the Bolanos mine to Henry Janin and Thomas
Bell, of San Francisco. Some troubles arose
and things are mixed, although it is very evi-
dent that Dahlgren did not allow Janin to get
ahead of him. There are all the elements of a
fine lawsuit, etc. The mill was rented to Dr.
J. B. Storch, of Austin and Eureka, and part-
ners (Kelly & Co.) It has a dryer, crusher,
self-feeder (Tullock's), five stamps at present
running; furnace of Dr. S. own idea, wooden
pans, etc. The wheel is 50 feet diameter
(overshot) and can drive twenty stamps if re-
quired. The Dr. has in 1% years run worked
np to 87% per cent., and he gets more out by
concentrating on "planillas," proving himself
a first-class mill man, the only one in this part
of Mexico. His loss is 20 oz. per ton of $140
ore cost $35 per ton, and they have shipped
over $100,000 (mostly bought ores).
The Candelaria is preparing to start up, as
arrangements have been made for capital to
push things to an early completion.
The Cinco Senores is in lawsuit with some
jumpers, and Capt. Dahlgren is putting pumps
into the Bolanos to drain it.
So just at present San Dimas is dull, but all
indications are towards a speedy resumption of
work and lively times.
The weather is cold for here, being 45° at 5
a. m., and as high as 80Omid day, dropping to
60° at 7 p. m. In San Vicente a Mr. Carson is
pegging away at his mine with indifferent suc-
cess. (,On dit," that he has stsuck it lately-
rich, very rich. The other district are holding
the even tenor of their way. "Tax. "
Candelaria mine, San Dimas, Durango, Mex.
Utah Mines.
Editors Press: — Mining and smelting in
Utah is this winter more lively than it has been
any previous winter. In the Cottonwood, the
Flagstaff is hoisting 60 tons per day of good
ore. The Highland Chief, Wellington, Antelope
and Prince of Wales are working and shipping
quite lively.
In American Park, the Miller mine is working
with 20 men and is taking out some good ore.
In Tintic, the Eureka is working with 40 men
wno take out plenty of horn silver. The men
receive a share of the ore instead of pay, which
shows their good faith in the mine.
In Parley's Park, the Ontario is working under
the able management of G. Hearsh as superinten-
dent, with 25 men, taking out no ore but devel-
oping the mine continually. On the dump
they have 1,000 tons of ore.
In West Mountain district, which is the most
lively mining camp at present in Utah, the
Neptune and Kempton mines working with 60
men, taking out from 30 to 40 tons per day.
The Jordan and Galena are working with 60
men, shipping 50 tons of ore per day. This
mine belongs to Carson & Buzzo.
The Utah concentrating works are not work-
ing at present on account of the difficulty of get-
ting coal. The mine works with 10 men taking
out 12 tons per day. The Bawling works with
16 men, taking out 15 tons of ore per day. The
Spanish Hill works with 30 men, taking out 40
tons per day. The Nez Perces Chief is work-
ing with 15 men taking out 20 tons of ore per
day. They will soon be taking from 40 to 50
tons of ore per day. The Last Chance have
run their tunnel 720 feet in and will soon strike
the vein. The Ashland mine, owned by G.
Hearst, works with 24 men and ships 20
tons per day. The East Last Chance, owned by
Carson & Buzzo, is in 650 feet. All the other
mines are working with energy, and some of
them, as the Saratoga, Revere, Osceola, Lucky
Boy, Washington and Royal have lately made
rich strikes. The ore is most all carbonate,
from 20 to 30 ounces in silver and 50 to 60 per
cent. lead. From the other districts I cannot
give you special information, as I have not
visited them them lately. B.
Climatic Changes in California.
At a recent meeting of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences, Dr. Henry Gibbons, Sr., read
the following paper on climatic changes in this
State:
An opinion prevails that the climate of Cal"
ifornia has changed since the American occupa"
tion, and that further settlement and cultivation
will produce further changes. It may be well
to inquire whether this be probable or, indeed,
possible. The peculiar features of the climate
of a country depend on two classes of causes,
the one fixed and the other capable of change.
The fixed causes are mountains and plains and
permanent bodies of water. The changeable
causes, such as man can modify or remove, are
forests or the absence of forests, cultivation of
the surface and drainage. The climate of
California depends mainly on fixed causes. We
have on the east the Sierra Nevada mouutains,
presenting to the winds an almost impassable
barrier. Hence, ea6t winds are almost unknown
and will ever continue so. On the west we have
the ocean, with a constant current from the
north, bathing the coast with water of the tem-
perature of 52 degrees at San Francisco. Winter
and summer this is the same. At high tide the
thermometer plunged into the bay at Meiggs'
wharf shows this temperature in July as in Jan-
uary. Besting upon the ocean is, therefore, a
body of air always cold. It follows that at all
seasons, and under all circumstances, the sea
breeze will have nearly the same temperature
when it strikes the laud. It is the great equal-
izer of temperature on the line of the coast,
and wherever it can penetrate. Where the coast-
is skirted with mountains the ocean wind is
walled out, just as the east wind is walled out
by the Sierra.
Between the Coast mountains and the Sierra
are other ranges running nortoward and south-
ward, which also modify the direction of the
atmospheric currents. The southerly storm
winds of winter pour through the intervening
valleys like water running in troughs, and, of
course, take the direction of the valleys.
Our climate is modified also, to some extent,
by the great deserts in the southern part of the
State, and beyond. Those deserts become
heated in the winter season, the superincum-
bent heated air rises, and its place is supplied
from the colder regions of the northward.
" Northers" are thus produced. They are fre-
quent in the southern counties, where they are
called "sand storms" occasionally they sweep
the whole State-from its northern limit.
In the the summer, when the valleys and
plains throughout the State become heated, the
air rises in like manner, causing the cool air of
the coast to pour in at every possible break or
depression in the mountain barrier, and to dis-
tribute itself through the interior following the
lines of the valleys. Now, all these causes and
conditions are permanent, and no amount of
population or cultivation can change them. If
man could level the Sierra, we might have east
winds and a different climate, if he could re-
move the coast mountains, the sea breeze would
sweep the State in its length and breadth. If
he could, on the other hand, hold up the de-
pression of the latter, and close the Golden
Gate, we should have the climate of Arizona
everywhere. If he could convert the Mohave
desert into a garden, or wall it out by a moun-
tain range, we might pof sibly get rid of our un
welcome northers.
So much for the permanent causes of our
peculiar climate. Now let us lQokfor a moment
at those causes which man oan control or
modify :
First. The removal of forests. This dimin-
ishes the rein fall, and renders the climate
dryer and warmer, but there are no forests in
California except among the mountains; and
there a new growth of trees would spring up
before the process of destruction would begin
to tell on the climate.
Second. The drainage of marshes and lake
would have the same effect. But this is not
likely to be done to an extent sufficient to pro
duce tangible results, even if those results were
desirable.
Third. The cultivation of the soil, by which
a surface comparatively barren may be covered
with verdure, would tend to render the air more
cool and moist. But the difference would, in all
probability be so slight as to exhibit no marked
change of climate.
Fourth. The planting of forests, or patches
and lines of trees, will have an effect similar to
ordinary culture, and will also present a de-
cided impediment to the surface winds. Most
persons have noticed the increased force with
which the wind blows over a raised causeway.
or even over a wide and level plain. Many op-
portunities have been afforded in this State to
witness the effect of an orchard in warding off
the sea breeze for some distance to the leeward.
This process, it is true, would not produce any
change in the general climate, but it might be
employed in proper localities to serve the inter-
ests and comforts of the inhabitants, and to
protect them in a measure both from the rigor
of the ocean wind and from the drying and
blighting influences of the northerly gales.
In contemplating this subject I en discern
no other influences by which our climate can
be changed than those above enumerated. It is
evident that no radical change can be induced
by tfcose agencies ;but it may be alleged a spon-
taneous change is going on. irrespective of local
conditions and causes. We have no warrant
for this supposition in the history of older
countries. It is more than probable that a grad-
ual change is going forward in the climate of
the whole earth, but so slowly that centuries of
carefully made and ronewed observations; will
be required for its demonstration. Any change
which takes place within a period of fifty years
at any point should be regarded as a temporary
oscillation, or a portion of a circular revolu-
tion.
My conclusion, therefore is that the climate
of California and the adjacent territory is
undergoing no permanent change; that no such
change is possible: that the winter season will
continue to give its rains in uncertain quantities;
that the dry season will continue to be dry;
that summer and winter, seed time and harvest
will continue to~ succeed each other with no
essential deviation from the general type as ob-
served since the American occupation.
A rich vein of cinnabar has been discovered
by S. W. Payne, on Point Reyes, Marin county.
Quicksilver has been found by retorting the
soft clay of an ochrous color, which lies be-
tween the rock. The vein runs north by west
to southeast, and has been traced about eight
miles. There seems to be several minerals in
the ledge. W. 0. L. Crandall found two small
buttons of silver by the rude process of roast-
ing the rock.
The Calaveras Chronicle says the running of
a tunnel through the ridge that separates Ooqk
& Co' hydraulic claim on Sport hill, from the
ditch is completed and being used for conduct-
ing water to the mine. The tunnel drove for
the reception of the sluices is also finished and
the flume laid. The claim is now in prime or-
der for working to advantage, and operations
are being pressed with vigor.
Witheeill, of Benton, Inyo county, has
made a sale of his mill and mining property to
a San Francisco stock company, receiving
therefor $65,000. Last summer, in a five
months' run, the selling party realized $55,000
from the same mine; but he sells it with the
avowed intention of finding something near by
equally as good.
The hoisting machinery of the Black Dia-
mond coal company's new shaft at Nortonville,
which- has been thoroughly refitted since the
disastrous fire, some four months since, was
tried with steam last week, in preparation for
the business of hoisting the coal from all the
workings through the new shaft.
Between Coso and Little Lake are several
famous springs or mud volcanoes. These have
been located by A. B. Elder and others, prin-
cipally on account of the vast deposit of brim-
stone, of which it is said no less than 10,000
tons, almost pure, can be collected there.
The suit of Creed Haymond against the
Spring Valley canal and mining company, for
the sum of $9,700 was settled at Oroville last
Wednesday by arbitration. The matter was
referred to Judge Sexton, Judge I. S. Belcher
and P. O. Hundley, and the sum allowed was
$3,500.
A new and rich quicksilver mine has re-
cently been discovered on Mr. Brannan's land,
two and a half miles west of the Calistoga rail-
road depot, and not a little excitement has been
created thereby.
The work of running the 1,000-foot level in
the Gwin mine is progressing finely. Indica-
tions are good that the level is approaching the
pay chute. In the meantime good ore is being
mined in the 900-foot level, upon which the
batteries are kept busily employed.
The mining excitement in Potter valley is
running high. They have found gold, silver
and quicksilver. It is said there is not a foot
of the hills surrounding the valley, north, east,
west, or south but what has been staked off for
a mining claim.
Jos. Ginacoa, Superintendent of the Hum-
boldt mill and mining company's works at
Winnemucca, Nev., has leased the Tullula
mine in Dun Glen for eighteen months. He
intends to commence operations on the mine
about the first of March.
A bich strike is reported in the Hussey mine
at Cornucopia. The mine referred to is the
first location north of the famous Leopard
mine, and work, which has been suspended for
some time past, had only been resumed some
three or four days before the strike was made.
A San Fernando correspondent writes to the
Call confirming the reports of rich cinnabar
discoveries in that vicinity, and states that all
that is now needed is capital with which to de-
velop the mines.
Miners near Quincy are making good wages.
Nickel Mine in Napa County.
We have lately referred to new discoveries of j
copper and chrome iron in our neighborhood
and have endeavored to show up the many ad-
vantages to our citizens to be derived from the
working of these newly found deposits, and the
sure influx of a large immigration to our county
as a necessary sequence to the developing and
working of our mines, of whatever kind they
may be. The latest new discovery is that of
nickel. Mr. Finley, who has been prospecting
for the last few years, while in the neighbor-
hood of Pine Flat a few days since, discovered
an immense ledge of this metal, which may be
added to the many mineral productions of our
section of country. The value and usefulness
of this metal cannot be overestimated. Its I
uses are various, principal among which is the \
manufacture of our new American cent coin,
of which twelve partB in one hundred are nickel
and eighty parts copper. Aside from thiat
newly found ledge in our neighborhood, we
believe there are but two other mines in the
United States where it can be obtained; one is
in the State of Connecticut and the other at
Lancaster, Pennsylvania; the latter being the
mine which supplies the nickel for our new *
one-cent coin. It is also used for making need-
les for the compass, having the advantage i
over iron, inasmuch as it does not rust. This i
metal would be more generally nsed in the va-
rious arts, judging from its adaptability for
many purposes, if it were more generally known,
and if larger quantities of it could be procured,
Other metals, such as iron, lead, cobalt, cop- •
per, together with sulphur, are usually found
in small Quantities where this metal is pro-
cured. Ores of a similar character have also -
been discovered in North Carolina, but as yet'
no great development of the ledges nave been
made. Missouri also claims to have some dis-
coveries of this ore, but the proof of its exis-i
tence is yet wanting. We have most unbound-
ed faith in the recent discovery of nickel in our>
vicinity, and, like our copper and chrome iron
mines, it only needs a little capital in conjunc-
tion with labor to unearth and bring to light
another source of great wealth to our State.'
This discovery is sitnated about two miles fromi
Pine Flat, and near the Occident, Brother Jon-
athan and Woodpecker quicksilver claims.
The assay of the latter shows the presence of'
copper, and as this is usually found in con- \
junction with nickel, and as all three of these*
claims are in close proximity to the recent dia-i
covery, we see no redson why we should not in-
fer that the region in which these claims aret
situated should not contain nickel in largt
quantities. Nothing is now wanting but capi-
tal to develop. — Calistoga Press, Feb. 13.
t
Peavtne. — The most encouraging reports arei
coming in from the Peavine mines. The Con-:
solidated Poe are crushing ahead without in-t
terruption, both as to the mill and McGleW'
furnace. They both work to a oharm. Theo
average roasting of ore daily is only five tons,.
owing to the bad quality of wood that is beingi
used; otherwise the yield of bullion would be.
larger. The last thirty-six hours retorted bnl-i
lion to the amount of sixty pounds, showing a
fineness of 980, and a yield of over $60 per tow
of ore. In a very short time this companyi
will be clear of all liabilities, and run the mine:
and mill without assessments. The dailyl
yield of ore from the mine is over thirty tontt
of good pay ore. The Golden Fleece mine is
producing a very high grade of pay ore out ofi
the incline, which is down to 70 feet, from the
156-foot level. The bottom of this incline con*i
tains the whole width of this fine grade of oral
— over three feet. The average assay of thiB i
ore is over S300 per ton. They have contracted!
with the Auburn mill company to crush a few
tons by Stetefeldt process, dnring the coming
week. There is prospecting going on on al
claims which oan be worked under cover
much more activity of working the severa
claims would prevail if the heavy snow wai
not a barrier to the sinking of open shafts
Already every preparation has been made tc
start up in full earnest the moment the state o: 1
the weather will permit. — Nevada State.
Shrewd miners and traders are already mak|
ing active preparations for another assault upoi
the treasure vaults of Cassiar, although ther
seems every reason to apprehend that Kinf
Frost will keep them back later than usual
Upward of 2,000 went there last year, an*
probably more than double the number will g
this year. We do not think, howevei
that many from California will go there, as th _
reports of the country last year with regard 1 1
climate and possibilities of work, were sufl I
cient to warn people in this State to stay 8
home.
The Railboad car shop of Sacramento, i
running all its machinery, and there are goo
prospeots for plenty of work. They are busi
in the paint shop also with a full gang, an
altogether, the indications are that the con
pany will have a large force employed thiB seii
A oat fell down the shaft of the Minnessot
mine at Fairview, Idaho, a few days ago, a di i
tarice of 800 feet, and on being sent to the su
face, sprang out of the bucket, apparently ui
injured.
A labge number of new mining enterprisi ,
have been inaugurated in the vicinity of Silv
City.
Glowing reports are received from the silve
copper and iron mines in Soledad canyon, L
Angeles county.
p
■v...
?
(Hi
February 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
131
scientific Progress.
A Layer of Hydrogen Above Our Atmos-
phere.
In a paper read before the Manchester Liter-
ary and Philosophical Society, Henry H.
Howorth observes: "It is clear that if under
certain conditions hydrogen be an exception to
the general law of the diffusion of gases, and
follows rather the more general law of gravita-
tion, it will exist in a stratum above the atmos-
phere and beyond the reach of direct observa-
tion. In his experiment upon the oo?lusion
of gases, Mr. Graham examined several aero-
lites and found that under the air pnnip, they
Earted with a very large quantity of occluded
ydrogen. If, as is probable, the gas was 00-
eluded by the aerolites when at a red heat, and
this red heat was coincident with their passage
through the layer of the upper atmosphere in
which the phenomena of the shooting stars
and of the aurora occurs, it seems more than
probable that this stratum is a layer of hydro-
gen. This ic confirmed by what we know of
the spectrum of certain auroras, which resem-
bles those of the zodiacal light and the solar
corona. The spectrum of the corona hus been
the most attentively studied, and Janssen, per-
haps the greatest authority on it, speaks most
confidently about its distinguishing feature be-
ing the hydrogen lines, while a special line
which characterizes both its spectrum aud that
of aurora, and which is different to that of any
terrestial Bubstance, is considered by Father
Secchi to be an.abnormul hydrogen line. Dr.
Dalton long ago argued, as Mr. Baxendell has
reminded Mr. Howorth, that the peculiar fea-
tures of the aurora could best be explained by
the hypothecation of a stratum of some pecu-
liar gas above the atmosphere. A gas of a 'fer-
ruginous nature' is the expression of Br. Dalton.
Now, hydrogen, in the higher chemistry, is not
only classed among the metals, but Faraday
and others have shown that in its relation to
magnetism it is nearly allied to iron. So that
a stratum of hydrogen above the air would
seem to exactly answer Dr. Dalton's postulate.
If it should exist the earth would resemble the
sun in one remarkable feature; for we now
know that the sun is 'girded with an immense
layer of hydrogen. Lastly, he would add that
the heterogeneous texture of the great nebula
in Orion seems to argue that the law" of the
equal diffusion of gases does not prevail here.
Gases Evolved from Molten Iron.
The author considers that gases evolved from
molten iron come from three sources. 1. They
were dissolved by the iron while melting in the
furnace. 2. They were dissolved by contact of
the molten iron with the air. 3. They were
dissolved by contact of the molten metal with
the mould.
1. The evolution of gas from gray iron is
I small; the gas consists chiefly of hydrocarbons
I or carbon iron oxide. From white iron more
gas is evolved, together with little particles of
iron, which are oxidized in the air. Spiegel-
eisen evolves a peculiar white fuming gas,
which contains silica, and is probably silicon
I fluoride.
The author thinks that the poorer an iron is
I in combined carbon, the. more readily does it
' absorb gases containing carbon, while the richer
! it is in carbon the more readily does it dissolve
I gases containing hydrogen. The primary
r cause of the evolution of those gases which
I have been dissolved in the furnace he traces to
I the diminished pressure under which the iron
I exists, as compared with the pressure in the
I furnace.
2. By the action of the air, the surface of the
[ molten iron becomes oxidized. In iron con-
I taining much carbon, the oxygen is transferred
1 from the air by means of the metallic surface
, to the carbon, which it oxidizes to oarbon mo*
J noxide, which again bubbles up through the
I molten mass; hence it is in such irons that we
J find the greatest amount of blisters on the sur-
face after cooling. White irons show fewer of
these, and spiegeleisen solidifies with a smooth
j surface.
I 3. As the mould into which the molten iron
I is run always contains water, this water if
j vaporized by contact with the liquid iron, the
I steam thus generated is partly given off as gas,
I and partly decomposed, hydrogen being evolved
Ijand iron oxide being formed. Again, if the
Ij iron oontains sulphur, this, by reacting on the
steam, will form sulphuretted hydrogen,- which
is often formed in the cooled iron.— A, Ledebur,
Ckem, Center, 1873, 810.
Fluids in Crystals. — Dr. Carmichael, in a
paper on the "Growth of Crystallization in
Traps and Slags," stated that in 1820 "Worcester
found in diamonds and ehryso-beryls a fluid,
and in some cases two fluids, having an expan-
sive capacity thirty-two times that of water.
Examined microscopically these liquids were
. found to exist in the minute cavities of various
\\ Focks- r>r- Carmichael stated that he himself
had made many examinations of slags from the
Hartz mountains. These crystals were no
doubt formed with great rapidity, and this fact
in part accounted for the finding of aqueous
solutions in the center or cavities of crystals.
In the genuine trap rocks liquid (carbonic acid)
molosures are found, sometimes with minute
traces of watery vapor. Gas cavities have
broad margins, the vaporous cavities thin
margins.
Science Among the Ancients.
One of the most important discoveries ever
unearthed is probably the library of Asshur-
banipal, who reigned over the kingdom of As-
syria about 1,000 yeart) before the Christian
era.
This discovery furnishes the most undubitable
proof that science hud made considerable pro-
gress, even at that early day— nearly 3,000
years ago. This curious library consists of
flat, square tablets of baked clay, having on each
side a page of closely written cuneiform letters
which had been impressed on the clay while it
was yet moist. The great majority of these
tablets are now in the British Museum, and
have been found to contain the remains of an
immense grammatical encyclopedia. There
are fragments of many mathematical and as-
tronomical treatises, with catalogues of obser-
vations, tables, calculations of eclipses of the
moon, and observations of solar eclipses, the
earliest of which occurred nearly a thousand
years before the beginning of the Christian era.
There are also fragments of law books and le-
gal records, books of chronology, manuals of
history, accounts of Assyrian and other divini-
ties, collections of hymns in the style of the
Psalms of David, a geographical encyclopedia,
works on natural history containing lists of
plants and animals, of timber trees employed
in building and furnishing, of stones fit for
architecture and sculpture, etc. PerhapB the
most interesting of all these lists is a classified
catalogueof every species of animals known to
the Assyrians, showing a scientific nomencla-
ture similar in principle to that of Linnmus.
Opposite the common name of each animal is
placed a scientific and ideographic name, com-
posed of two parts, a family name and a char-
acteristic epithet denoting the species.
A still more remarkable indication of the
scientific advancement of the ancient Assyrians
appears in their system of weights and meas-
ures, in which, us in the French system, all the
units of surface, capacity, and weight were de-
rived from one typical linear unit. The basis
of the system was the cubit (equal to 20'67
inches). This was divided into sixty parts,
corresponding with the minutes of the degree.
The cubit, multiplied by 360, the number of
degrees in the circle, produced the stade, the
unit for large distances. The fundamental
unit for areas was the square foot, the square
of measure bearing to the cubit the relation of
3 to 5, or 12'4 inches of our measure. The cube
of the foot was the metreta, the standard of all
measures of capacity; and the weight of a cubic
foot of water gave the talent; the fundamental
unit of weight; the sexagesimal division of the
talent gave, first the mina (=510*83 grains),
and second, the drachma, (=8*51 grains).
The sexagesimal system was employed
throughout thoir mathematics, the unit being
invariably multiplied or divided by sixty,
the result again by sixty, and so on to infinity.
"This, it is very evident," observes Lenormant,
"was the result of a wise combination of a very
practical character, intended to oombine the
advantages of the two systems of dividing
unity that have been in dispute at all times
and among all nations — the decimal and the
duodecimal-" We still follow this Chaldaeo-
Assyrian system in the divisions of the circle
and in our divisions of time.
ALT/MLNrUM FOR ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS.
■Mr, S. B. Clevenger recommends the use of
aluminium for engineers' instruments, its
great recommendation being that an equal
bulk weighs but one-fifth as much as brass, an
ordinary transit weighing 11 pounds in brass,
weighing but 3 pounds in aluminum, and with-
in the limits of practicable weight such instru-
ments could be made very much larger and
more accurate than in any other metal. Alu-
minium costs about half as much per pound as
silver, and does not rust or tarnish so easily as
brass. It combines the ductility and mallea-
bility of copper with vastly more than the
strength of steel (it is placed by some as thir-
teen times stronger), and the lightness of
chalk.
Improved Chromo Lithographic Process. —
Messrs. Johnson, of Hatton Garden, London,
have invented a new and economical process
for producing chromolithographs. In place
of using a special stone for each color, necessi-
tating as many separate impressions as there
are colors, the entire subject is drawn upon a
single stone and a proof is taken on a thin
sheet of copper. This sheet is then cut out
carefully according to the desired oontour of
the colors, and upon each of the portions is
fixed a solid block of color previously prepared.
The whole is combined into one form, and is
printed on an ordinary press — all the colors at
Evaporation op Water prom Plants. — So
great is the evaporation of water from plants
that it was found by Mr. Lawes that a plant of
barley of one hundred and seventy-two day's
growth, in which it had acquired four hundred
and nineteen grains of dry organic matter, had
converted into vapor not less than seventeen
pounds of water.
Optical Property of.Obvstalb op Sulphate
of Copper. — If we receive the solar light re-
flected by a large crystal of sulphate of copper
upon a sheet of platinium or tin plate, plaoed
at a small distance from the crystal, the sheet
assumes the color of metallic copper upon the
part which receives the reflected light.
Sand and its Effects in Mortar.
We extract the following from a report made
by some eminent French engineers, who made
a aeries of scientific and practical examinations
of sand, and the effects of different qualities of
the same on various kinds of mortars:
The primordial element of sand ie quartz
Bocks composed of felspar and mica cemented
together by natural affinity, produce many va
rieties; some are derived from gneiss, protogine,
or talcoBe granite, sienites, etc., or are entirely
caloareous; lastly, others are mixed with vol
canic sand, but these do not possess any of the
qualities of puzzolana.
Sand is designated as coarse, middling, fine,
and very fine.
It is considered coarse when the grains have
a diameter of l-12th to 1-lSth of an ineh; and
it is called fine when the grains do not exceed
l-25th of an inch. That whioh exceeds the
former diameter is called gravel.
Besides river and sea-sand, we have those
which are found away from water sources,
known as fossil sands, of the plain, or quarry
Band; but these must be distinguished from the
true fossil sands, which are called arenes in
France.
Fossil sand (that found in hill deposits) is
far more irregular in the grain than either river
or sea sand; it is far more gritty when the
grains are Btrongly compressed between the
fingers; quartz and granite dominate in their
composition.
In the composition of mortar, sand forms the
inert matter; it exercises no chemical action on
the lime, the puzzolanic constituents, and the
mortars with which it is mixed; its action is
purely mechanioal, and consists in the aggrega-
tion of the grains by the aid of the lime and ce-
ments, which perform the part of mordants, or
active agents of cohesion; it follows that the sand
of which the grains are angular and the angles
the sharpest, are preferable to those with
rounded grains, or of which the asperities are
less numerous.
The various kinds of sands should be hard
to touch, gritty to the fingers, exempt from
earthy matter, which causes disaggregation of
the mortar by humidity; and for the same
reason, though to a less degree, marly or clayey
sand should be rejected.
In the case of sea sand, the first thing to be
done, is to get rid of the salt. The presence
of salt, however, may be very useful in certain
cases".
It is of great importance to take careful note
of the various results obtained by the use of
different kinds of sand found where works are
being carried on; some kinds contribute power-
fully to the cohesion of mortars, in combina
tion with certain kinds of lime, while others
are the cause of disintegration. Experiments
of this kind cannot be too numerous or too
carefully conducted.
M. Vicat instituted a series of experiments in
order to determine the effect of the coarseness
or fineness of eminently silicious sands, or the
resistance of mortars, and arrived at the con-
clusion that for use with eminently hydraulic
lime, sand ranks as follows: 1, fine grain, 2,
sand with mixed grain and sharp angles; 3,
coarse sand; while in the case of moderately
hydraulic lime, the order is reversed, the coarse
standing first, the mixed second, and the fine
grain last.
Results since obtained with other kinds of
sand, have fully borne out M. Vicat's con-
clusions.
The mixture of lime and sand is the more
complete, and the aggregation the more inti-
mate, in proportion to the roughness of the
grains; river sand, which has been extracted
and left on the banks for many months, and
having its Burface corroded by natural agents,
are beyond all question the best; but those of
the quarries, which are best when their com-
position is very silicious, offer much the same
advantage in practice.
Mortar made from quick-lime and coarse
sand is the most durable; fine sand acts best
with hydraulic limes. In the case of hydraulic
mortars, the definite setting with middling-
sized sand being fixed at 100, the proportion
will descend as low as fifcy with gravel, and
even lower when it is very coarse. .
Quartose and silicious sands are insensible to
the most powerful compression. This quality
has caused them to be sought for paving-work;
and they are preferred before alt others for
foundations, and in all cases where great pres-
sure has to be considered. — Manufacturer and
Builder,
Mechanical Puddling xn England. — There
seems to be considerable dissatisfaction in the
north of England (Cleveland) iron district,
with regard to the working of the Dank's fur-
nace, and the iron workers are just now in the
throes of the Crampton furnace; and it is being
employed to improve upon the Casson-Dormoy
furnace. Nothing definite, however, has as
yet been accomplished, though it is said some
experiments which Mr. Crampton has made
with Cleveland pig iron encourages them to an-
ticipate that the change from the Bank's to the
Crampton will prove a wise one. This opinion
Bhould doubtless be received with much doubt,
as coming from those to whom the wish is
father to the thought,
Paint for Iron Surfaces.
A writer in the Painter's Magazine eays that
the best linseed oil, with all its advantages, is
but poorly adapted to long service as a protec-
tion to iron surfaces exposed to extreme varia-
tions of temperature and to all kinds of
weather; but that in selecting a paint for Buch
purpose, mechanical adhesion is a considera-
tion of the first importance. In this respeot,
paints differ widely, but it must be remember-
ed that, mechanical adheBion is all we have to
depend upou. With absorbent surfaces it is
different. Professor Williams gives it as bis
opinion, based on observation and experiment,
that pitchy or bituminous films are especially
effective as regards their adhesion to iron; for
example, solutions of asphalt or pitch in petro-
leum or turpentine. These are also very effec-
tive as regards continuity, owing to the fact
that, in drying, they form plastic films, which
yield to the expansion and contraction of the
iron, and manifest no tendency to orack. If
the surface is rusty, they penetrate the oxide
scale and envelop the particles very effectually,
making them a portion of the paint. The sol-
ubility of such a film in water may be counter-
acted by mixing it with linseed oil. The ex-
periment may easily be tried by mixing about
two parts of Brunswick black with one of white,
red, or colored paint, the body of whioh is com-
posed of red or white lead or litharge. Bed
lead is the best for many reasons, if finely
ground and thoroughly mixed with linseed oil.
Any of several kinds of bitumen may be used,
either natural mineral asphalt, pine pitch, or
artificial asphalt, suoh as gas tar or the residu-
um of petroleum distillation in cases where the
crude oil has been distilled before being treated
with acid. This gives a very hard, bright
pitch, which is soluble in "one run" paraffine
spirit, and which makes the base of an excel-
lent, cheap, and durable paint for iron work in
exposed positions.
During the past few years, the writer has
heard many accounts of the preservative in-
fluence of paraffine when applied to iron sur-
faces, and can recommend ie for all olasses of
iron work which can be treated hot. The most
effective method of applying it is to heat the
iron in vacuo, in order to expand it and open
its pores, when paraffine, raised to the proper
temperature, is run upon it. By this means
the iron is penetrated to a sufficient depth to
afford a very effectual protection against oxida-
tion, especially when a suitable paint is subse-
quently applied. Any non-oxidizable substance
would probably answer; but paraffine is as
cheap as any and quite as good if not better.
Brushed upon the outside merely, it is doubt-
ful if paraffine would have much effect in pre-
serving iron, while it would certainly lead to
lessen, if not destroy, the mechanical adhe-
rence of a surface paint. _^
Lock and Mobtised Bbioks. — On the soore
of ingenuity, one of the most prominent fea-
tures is the process by which the look and mor-
tised bricks are obtained at the Sern Terra
Cotta works, near Waterbury, Salop, England.
The machinery itself will be readily apprecia-
ted when the fact is borne in mind that the
bricks, while producing workmanship infinitely
superior to walls built with pressed brickB,
being tongued, grooved and looked at intervals,
and at each angle, are also stronger than com-
mon hand made brick, besides possessing the
additional recommendation of effecting a sav-
ing of two-thirds in the material used. These
lock and mortised bricks, it may be added, are
capable of extensive and varied uses, and are
invaluable where space and hight, with solid-
ity, are an object. Their importance is ei.pe-
cially noticeable when required for the build-
ing of, or sustaining and retaining, embank-
ments, sea and other walls, quays and river
frontages, as also in the erection of shafts, the
construction of brewers' vats, and, in a word
the formation of all works to whioh brick
can by any possibility be applied. The com"
pany also produce Rough's universal ventila-
tors. The mechanism applied, is of a uniqe
description; and it is necessarily exclusive.
Magnetic Ibon Sands. — The vast deposits of
magnetic iron sands in various parts of the
world promise soon to become of great indus-
trial value. These sands from New Zealand
have long been worked to much advantage,
being transported to England for treatment.
The extensive deposits in Labrador are alao
beginning to excite much interest, ond several
companies are now engaged in collecting and
shipping them to Eugland. About 30 tons are
collected daily at one single locality. The sep-
aration of this sand from other substances
mixed mechanically with it is now greatly
facilitated by the use of a new magnetic ore
separator, which has also been used to advan-
tage in other localities.
The sands thus separated are roasted and then
converted into a magnetic oxide, from whioh
the iron is easily extracted. It is well known
that extensive deposits of magnetic iron sands
are found on the sea beach for some distance
to the south of Fort Point, along the western
outskirts of this oity. It is confidently believed
by many that these sands may at some future
time be profitably worked in this oity.
Kectpe fob a Cement fob Mending Steam
Boilebs. — Mix two parts of finely powdered
litharge with one part of very fine sand, and
one part of quicklime which has been allowed
to slack spontaneously by exposure to the air.
This mixture may be kept for any length of
time without injuring. In using it a portion
is mixed into paste with linseed oil, or, still
better, boiled linseed oil. In this state it must
be quickly applied, as it soon becomes hard.
132
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 27, 1875
Mining Stocks.
We are still called upon to write the same
sentence concerning mining stock* , that we
have for the past six weeks, viz. that the
market continues dull. Transactions are
limited, and nothing at all but Consolidated
Virginia holds its own. Everything else is
down and no buoyancy at all is manifest.
Some little attention is being again turned to
the Ely District stocks , but there is no ex-
citement in them. All the Washoe line of
mines continue very dull, and the brokers bus-
iness must be poor just at present. Every
now and then some stock will take a little spurt
upwards for a few days, but no general ad-
vance has taken place for some time. All the
operators seem to be lying on their oars, and
waitiog for something to turn up. The market
will no doubt "wake up" again some time but
whether within one month or three months no
one can tell. At present, however, very little
is being done.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Tbubsday, February 18.
morning session.
250 Alpha 15@]
905 Best & Belcher. ..51K@.'L
520 Belcher 36^®^
265 Baltimore 614
240 Bullion 25
36 Chollar 59@59Jl
585 Orown Point 2b@3l
270 Confidence 15&@16
135 Oon Virginia 430@«S
2110 California 48^)50
210 Caledonia 18@18J*
50 Challenge 5@t>
7U0 Dayton 3
130 Empire.. 6W
255 Gould & Curry. ..1S&@20
300 Globe i®H4
35 Hale & Norcross.42!*.@43
410 Imperial 8%@—'
10 Justice
140 Julia 4J£
650Kentuck 15@15^
20 Knickerbocker 4
350 Lady Bryan 6@6^
750 Mexican 2m@24
165 New York 3@3M
400 Ophir 72@74
65 Occidental 3&
200 Phil Sheridan I
263 Savage 105@»12^
38U SierraNevada llkell'..
240 Succor 1&<3}\%
265 Silver Hill 7(ai7^
100 Senator 75c
795 Union Con 7@7>$
580 Utah 3T""'
1335 Woodvillc
30 Yellow Jacket
AFTERNOON SESSION.
0 American Flag 2
) Andes 7f"
) Bellmont 7M@<._
0 Chief of Hill 25c
) Eureka Con....l.V ,.; l.v
) Golden Chariot.. t;1 JdM.,
) Ida Ellmore 2VV2'.>
3 KoBsutb. T~
? Lady Washington.. 2(£,
) Leo lii
5 Meadow Valley 5%fffi6
i Mansfield 10@l0^i
J Mint 35o
5 Newark 25c(2)50c
> Niagara 62c@I
) O.G. Hill 3%@$H
> Prussian 2 i'-uJ',,
i Raymond & Ely... 38(&39
5 Rye r'atoh 4
) Seg Rock Island 1
) Washington A Creole.75c
) Webfoot 50c
) "Wells-Fareo 50c
This Week.
Thursday, February 25.
mobntjsg session.
115 Alpha 15>a'@15M
995 Best & Belcher. . .45@4<>£
QUO Belcher .39@36
160 Baltimore 6M
170 Bullion 20S)2iM
260 Chollar 58©59
180 Orown Point 28
240 ConfideDce L5W^16^
70 Con Vireinia «5@440
585 California S3«fai55
230 Caledonia I8@l"8Jja
80 Dayton VA
29 Daney 13^
30 Empire fi*£
i95 Gould A Curry... 17ffll8,^
50 Globe 1
85 Hale .fcNorcross.. 42(5.42'..
575 Imperial 7?4@8.4ilb30
25 Justice 90
130 Julia 4!-S[SH5h
!10 Kentuck 14@l4M
100 Knickerbocker 4
150 L Bryan 5^@7;«j
■8't Mexican 22!^
J90 Overman 47@48,^
170 Ophir 76@77
J00 Phil Sheridan. ..SOc© 75c
160 Succor 1J£@1&
20 SilverHill 7
505 U Consolidated ..6J£@6?4
190 Utah* 4Jt@s
100 Yellow Jacket. ....74^75
AFTEBMOON SESSION.
ZOO Andes 6MS7
)50 Belmont 7
100 Cosmopolitan ' |(5 %
20 Eureka Con 15,'»
200 El Dorado 1
!95 Golden Chariot. .4%® JS
!30 Ida EUmorc 1%
Indus 1 '4(011 N
3 Lady Wash VA __
0 Leviathan \b<
b Mahogany 8@8!$
5 Meadow Valley tiaii'i,
0 Niagara 1
0 North Carson 7>£
0 Newark 37Wc@45c
0 Omega %%
0 O.G.Hill 2>£
5 Poorman 37u@t&
) Prussian !*@3^
) Raymond & Ely. .39'va-lu
5 Rye Patch M§&U
5 S. Justice 5
i Silver Cord 23*
5 South Chariot 2
) "Wash. A Creole H@X
5 Woodville a'^KiJ^
H "Webfoot I
0 Wells-Fargo 37)£c
A very useful arrangement has just been
adopted at Brussels. Any traveler from Paris
to that eity may purchase a railway ticket
which will include the hire of a good carriage
to take him and his luggage from the Brussels
station to his destination within that city.
The advantage is that he is saved all trouble in
looking for a cab, and all annoyance in squab-
bling with the cabman about his fare.
The North Bloomfield gravel mining com-
pany in Nevada county, has been at work for
four years and has not yet fairly commenced
washing. The total expenditures on the claim
have been $1,979,760. The tunnel, which is
nearly 8,000 feet long, consumed $498,000 of
this amount, and $1,031,000 has been spent for
ditches, reservoirs, water rights, etc.
Advices from Castle Dome, Arizona, say H.
W. Kearsing has succeeded in making a finej run
at the smelting works there, and has demon-
strated beyond doubt the feasibility of reducing
those refractory ores without shipment to San
Francisco, as formerly.
The San Diego Union reports that all the
mines in the Julian and Banner districts are
looking well, and that the quantity and quality
of the ore is steadily increasing. Work is
going forward with greater activity than ever
be fore.
THEQuincy National says: "Many of our hy-
draulic miners depend almost entirely on the
snow water, and unless the weather changes
booh, and the streams hold out much longer in
the spring than usual, the water season will be
unusually short.
The inventor of the McGlew furnace must
feel happy over the success of this invention iu
Peavine District, Nevada. Peavine ores have
been difficult to work, but the McGlew fur-
nace has demonstrated the fact that they can
be worked with profit.
During the past year, 81,397 tons of coal were
shipped from Nanaimo, 51,197 of which went
from the Vancouver coal company's mine, and
30,200 tons from the "Wellington mine.
About 75 miners for Stdckeenleft Victoria by
the "California" week before last for the mines.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from. Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals. 1
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale-. Secretary. Place of Business
Eureka Nev
6
15
Fe»16
Mar 24
April 16
W W Traylor
403 California st
Alps S M Co
Ely District
H
25
Feb 10
Mar 22
April 12
O D Squire Cor Calif ornia & Mont
American Flat M Co
Washoe
2 00
Feb 8
Mar 15
Apr 5
C A Sankey
331 Montgomery st
Cal
II
50
Feb 17
Mar 23
April 14
Feb 28
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Bowery Cons M Co
Ely District
K
211
Dec 15
Jan 25
CE Elliott
419 California st
Washoe
III
,1 III'
Jan 8
Feb 12
Mar 5
K Wegener
F Swift
414 California st
Chariot Mill St M Co San Diego Cal
•I.
50
Feb 17
Mar 22
April 14
419 California st
•/.
35
Feb 17
Mar 22
April 15
Mar 17
D F Verdenal
409Oalifornia st
Cal
30
Jan 16
Feb 23
W S Anderson
210 Battery st
Coos Bay Oregon Coal Co
Oreeon
1
1 00
Feb 5
MarlO
Mar 31
T P Beach
424 Montgomery st
wasboe
K
75
Jan 12
Keb 16
Mar 9
G ft Sninney
320 California st
'/,
1 nil
Feb 5
MarlO
Mar 31
W S Duval
402 Montgomery st
Davton G & S M Co
Washoe
:'.
1 00
Feb 16
Mar 23
April 13
W E Dean
419 California st
El Dorado South. Cons M Co Nevada"
a
75
Jan 15
Feb 19
Mar 12
W Willis
419 California st
El Dorado "Water & DGMCo * Cal
H
10 00
Feb 16
Mar 19
April 3
Mar 26
H Elias
416 Montgomery .=t
U
1 00
•Jan 30
Mar 5
W Willis
Florida S M Co
wasnoe
1
1 00
Jan 8
Feb 10
Mar 2
11 Pine st
Golden Chariot M Co
n
1 50
Feb 8
Feb 29
Merchants' Ex
Gold Bun M Co
Cal
in
15
Feb 9
Mar 15
Apr 5
C O Palmer
41 Market st
Hale & Norcrois SMOo
Id
5 lill
Jan 8
Feb 11
Mar 5
438 California st
IdaEllraorB M Co
Idaho
lii
1 00
Feb 1
Mar 8
Mar 29
W Willis
419 California st
HI
1 Oil
Feb 10
Mar 17
April 7
MarlO
WE Dean
419 California st
Iowa M Co
Washoe
'/.
25
Jan 13
Feb 15
61)5 Clay st
JuliaGASMCo
Washoe
■a
2 00
Feb 12
Mar 18
April 6
Mar 2
A Noel
419 California st
Justice M Co
Washoe
m
5 00
Jan 12
Feb 12
Merchants' Ex
Lady Brvan M Co
Wasnoe
ft
1 00
Jan 11
Feb 12
Mar 3
F Swift
4'-9 California st
Mahogany G & S M Co
Meadow Valley M Co
i.s
HIM
Jan 5
Feb 11
Mar 4
C B Higgins
402 MontEomery st
Ely District
H
1 00
Feb 11
Mar 23
April 20
J W Col burn
418 California st
Mint G A S M Co
Waslioe
4
20
Jan 19
Feb 24
Mar 18
401 California st
Newark S M Co
Ely District
IK
1 00
Feb 2
MarlO
Mar 31
W Willis
419 California st
New York M Co
;l
Ml
Feb 16
Mar 23
April 12
H C Kibbe
419 California at
North Bloomfield G M Co
Cal
HI
1 00
Feb 3
Mar 12
Mar 30
T Derby
320 California st
Phil SheridaD G & S M Co
'/,
75
Jan 21
Mar 2
Mar 30
230 Pine st
Poorman G & S M Co
Idaho
•t,
1 00
Jan 19
Feb 24
Mar 17
W Willis
419 California st
Raymond & Ely S M Co
Red Jacket M Co
Pioche
1
3 00
Jan 18
Feb 26
Mar 26
T W Colburn
418 California st
Idaho
fi
50
Febl
Mar 9
Mar 30
W Willis
4'9 California tsf
Rock Island G &, S M Co
Washoe
ti
1 00
Jan 13
Feb 17
Mar 9
J W Clark
418 CahTornia st
Savage M Co
Washoe
11
I uo
Feb 19
Mar 24
April 12
E B Holmes
419 California fit
Silver Hill M Co
Wasboe
h
2 00
Feb 10
Mar 19
Anril 9
W G Dean
419 California st
South Chariot M Co
Idaho
l«
1 00
Jan 9
Feb 16
Mar 9
402 Montgomery st
St Patrick G M Co
Cal
III
50
Feb 2
Mar 8
Mar 31
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Sutro M Co
Wasboe
50
Feb 17
Mar 22
April 8
Mar 16
G WRKing
434 California st
Utah S M Co
Washoe
8
2 00
Jan 22
Feb 24
WE Dean
419 California st
"War Eagle M Co
Idaho
II
1 00
Jan 25
Mar 2
Mar 23
Merchants' Ex
Ward Ellis S M Co Rohinaon District
S
5
Feb 10
Marl8
April 12
J M BufSngton
Merchants' Ex
"Wahington & Creole M Co
.Ely District
14
1 00
Feb 18
Mar 23
April 12
F D Cleary
Merchants' Ex
OTHER COMPANIES
-NOT
ON
THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alpine G M & M Co
Cal
»
1 25
Feb 11
Mar 23
April 14
J F Lightner
431 California st
California and A > izona M Co Arizona
III
Jan 8
' cb 22
Mar 12
T E Jewell
California Cons M & M Co
Cal
i no
Jan 14
Feb 16'
MarS
J W Tripp
408 Cnlilon-iii st
Carrie Hale Hvdraul c M & W Co Cal
,i
10
Jan 15
Feb 24
Mar 17
H Knapp
Merchants' Ex
Combination G & S M Co
Panamint
A
10
Dec 28
Feb 1
Feb 23
D Wilder
Merchants' Ex
Emma Hill Cons M Co
Utah
•/.
40
Jan 29
Mar 8
April 5
Mar 3
G J Cole
302 Montgomery st
Enterprise Cons M Co
Cal
1
1'iXDeo 26
Feb 6
F J Hermann
■ 418 Kearnv st
Equitable Tunnel M Co
Utah
U
25
Jan 12
Feb 17
Mar 9
C S Healv
Gold Mountain G M to Bear valley Cal
4
1 no
Jan 25
Mar 6
Mar 31
J PCivallier
513 California st
Hasloe M & M Co Mar
iposa Co Cal
M
1 25
Jan 13
Feb 16
Mar 16
W A M Van Bokkelen 419 Cal st
Hayes n A-sM Co Robinson Dist
It
2"
Jan 4
Feb 12
Mar 8
320 California st
Home G M Co Nevada Co Cal
50
Feb 13
Mar 24
April 16
F J Hermann
418 Kearny st
Imperial S M Co
Washoe
'21
1 00
Feb 10
Mar 17
Apr 7
WE Dean
419 California st
Little Panoche Quicksihe:
M Co 'Cal
1
m
Febl
Mar 4
Mar 25
G R spinney
H C Kibbe
320 California st
New York Cons M Co
Wasnoe
\'t
50
Feb 16,
Mar 23
April 12
419 California at
Occidental M Co
Nev
;l
511
Feb 2
Mar 9
Mar 29
A K Den brow
1
10
Jan 22
Mar 2
Mar 27
J P Cavallier.
Patten M Co
Washoe
20
Feb 3
Mar!)
Mar 29
L Hermann
3.tOPino st
Phoenix Tunnel & M Co
Utah
7
25
Feb 15
Mar 23
April 12
MarS
O S Healy
Merchants' Ex
Pinto M Co
White Pine
10
Jan 9
Feb 15
A K Durbrow
43S California Mt
Prussian G A S M Co Nye Co Nevada
II
1 00
Jan 12
Feb 18
Mar 12
R H Brown
402 Montgomery st
San Jose M Co
Egan Canon
«
5 00
Jan 27
MarS
April 13
A Carrigan
10H Front st
Silver Cloud G & S M Co
Cal
25
Feb 8
Mar 15
April 12
A A Enquist
71 New Montc'y st
Silver West Uons M (Jo
Eureka Nev
»
10
Jan 13
Feb 20
Mar 20
F R Bunker
606 Montgomery st
Table Mt Alpha M Co
Cal
K
1 00
Feb 5
Mar 15
April 5
Mar 29
T F Oronise
438 California st
V
."0
Feb 6
MarlO
J M Buffington
Merchants' Ex
Weave rville DJiHMOo
Cal
ti
50
Feb 28
Mar 29
April 21
F H Rogers
330 Pine st
"Webfoot M Co
Elko Co Nev
1
25
Jan 23
Mar 3
Mar 30
D A Jennings
401 California1 st
"Wyoming G M Co
Cal
a
50
Jan 13
Feb 27
Mar 18
J M ButEngtun
Merchants' Ex
Yarborough S M Co
Kern Co Cal
6
30
Dec 23
Jan 30
Feb 23
E Barry
415 Montgomery si
MEETINGS TO BE
HELD.
Name of Co.
Location.
Secretary.
Office
inS-F.
Meeting
Date,
Lake Oo Cal
L Hermann
330 Pine st
Annual
Mar 10
Cal
F J Hermann
418 Kearnv st
Annual
Mar 15
Idaho
L Kaplan
Merchants' Ex
Annual
Marl
Hale & Norcrosa M Co
Washoe
J F Liirhtner
438 Cal
lornia st
Annual
Mar 10
W Willis
419 California st
Annual
. Mar 8
J Map/uire
D Wilder
419 California st
Annual
Mar 8
Washoe
Merchants' Ex
Annual
Mai- 3
Calle'l by TrusteeB Merchants' Ex
Special
Marl8
Idah.
O BHigpins
401 Monlgomery st
Annual
Mar?
L Hermann
330 Pine st
Annual
Mar 4
H (J Kil.l.e
419 California st
Annual
Mar 4
Washoe
Frank Swift
419 California st
Annual
Mar 4
Silver Peak M Co
Washoe
G T Grimes
240 Montgomery st
Annual
MarS
Washoe
PWAm
s
320 California st
Annual
Marl
Tintic M A M Co
Utah
H C Miller
411,'^ Cal
lorn in st
Annual
Mar 3
Vivian G & S M Co
U S Fitch
535 California st
Aunual
Mar 4
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
months)
-MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Location.
Secretary.
Office
inS. F.
Amount.
Payable.
H
C. Kibbe,
419 California st
3 no
Janll
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot MiMCo
Cal
w
j Oliver
2-->
FeDl9
Cal
Frank Swift
4i9 California at
411
Nov 16
Consolidated Virginia M Co "Washoe
D T Eacl
401 California st
3 (10
Feb 11
Crown Point M Go
Washoe
C E Elliott
414 California st
2 00
Jan 12
Diana M. Co.
N.
\ Fasset.
220 Clay St.
1 00
JiM .,25
Nev
WWTraylor
419 California st
SO
Feb 5
Rye Patch M Co
Nevada
D F Verdenal
409 California at
50
Feb 5
fining Nummary.
The La Geangb ditch and hydraulic mining
company, says the Modesto Herald, located
at La Grange, Stanislaus county, has at last
got to paying handsome dividends. This com-
pany was organized four years ago, and is com-
posed of San Francisco' capitalists. Its inves-
ted capital is $600,000, and it disburses about
$9,000 per month in the way of expenses. It
works a force of 90 men, and operates over an
area of 500 acres. It owns the most extensive,
expensive, and substantial ditch in the county,
being 17 miles in length, and costing $500 per
rod.
Coppeb. — We see by James Lewis & Son's
monthly Liverpool report on ores and metals,
that the copper market is very dull and inani-
mate. Quotations on the 1st inst. were; bars,
£83 to;£85 10s according to brand; ingots, £89;
ore and regulus, 16s 3d to 16s 9d per unit. The
Chili exports to January 17th, were 55,859 tons
fine. Stocks of West Coast produce are esti-
mated at 12,242 tons fine, against 11,765
tons on the 1st of January.
Appbopriations poe Califoenia. — The River
and Harbor Bill, which has passed Congress,
appropriates $100,000 for the improvement of
Oakland harbor; $80,000 for Wilmington; and
$15,000 for removing snags from the Sacra-
mento river. San Diego gets $80,000 for turn-
ing San Diego river into False Bay, instead of
allowing it to deposit sand in the bay proper.
This, however, is small consolation to San
Diego after the Texas-Pacific defeat.
The Redington quicksilver mine shipped 141
flasks during January, a far smaller amount
than usual, owing to the bad condition of the
roads.
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk' s Office at San Fran-
cisco:
Califobnia RockDbtjll Co., Feb. 24 — Object: To
manufacture and Bell rock-drilling machines and their
appurtenances, air-compressers, steam and air engines,
pumps and other mining and quarrying machinery.
Directors— Edward Barron, Lloyd Tevis, A. E. Head,
John M. Hall and J. D. Fry. Capital stock, $000,000,
divided into 6,000 shares.
Ebeehabdt Q. M, Co., Feb. 24. — Location: Cinnabar
District. Sonoma Oo. Capital stock, $5,000,000. Direc-
tors— Thomas Hardy, Edward McLean, Jacob Hardy,
S. W. Howland and W. B. Morey.
Pioneeb M. and M. Co.,Feb. 24.— Object: To do a
general mill and mining business. Capital stock, ->">,-
000,000. Directors— John C. Fale, P. H. Kramer, R. E.
Brewster, George G. Berry, and R. H. Brown.
Minerva G. M. Co. — Location: San Rafael, Lower
California. Capital, $3,300,000, in Bhares of $50 each.
Directors^ — W. A. Winder, A. B. Hotchkiss, A. B. TTbach,
Edmund O'Leary, James M. Tierman, John Hunlon,
and TV. Jeff Gatewood. The principal place of business
■will be in the city of San Diego.
University Students' Loan Fund. — Object: To re-
ceive donations and bequests, and accumulate the
same without dividends or profits to the members, for
the purpose of assisting students in the University of
California with temporary loanB. Directors™ D. O.
Mills, Thomas H. Selby, J. M. Hamilton, Louis Sachs,
A. S..Hallidie and Michael Reese. It has no capital
stock. The principal place of business will be in San
Francisco.
A certificate of increase of capital stock of the Iowa
Mining Company from ?3,000,u00 to $9,000,000 has been
filed in the County Clerk's office.
In the Ophir the opening of the new incline
station will soon enable the development and
extraction of the rich bodies of ore lying below
the 1465-foot level. The southeastern cross-cut
on the 1700-foot level is in a very favorable ore
formation, showing a steady improvement as
the work advances.
Tete following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in theinterior.in proximity to the mines mentioned.
California.
AMADOR COUNTY
The New Qtticksilvee Smelting Woeks. —
Amador Dispatch, Feb. 20: We are happy to be
able to state that the new smelting works at
the Amador quicksilver mine have been com-
pleted and were set into active opeiation last
Monday. We hope to be able before many
days, to give our readers a favorable report as
to the richness of this mine, after being prac-
tically tested; and, judging from the various
specimens of ore we have seen taken from the
mine, we have no doubt as to the result.
Still Pbogbessing. — Amador Ledger, Feb.
20: The Cosumnes ditch, owned by Judge
Purinton of Fiddletown, has been extended
to the Gover mine, and to Quartz mountain,
and will supply the Gover mill and the mills
hereafter to be erected at Quartz mountain
with water to propel the same. From these
localities the ditch will be continued west to
furnish water for other mills and mines. The
extension of the ditch above named, will open
up extensive gravel claims along the line of its
extension, and will give a new impulse to min-
ing in that part of the county.
Ntw Discovert.— In the tunnel now being
driven by Messrs. Trueb & Billiard, in their
claims, adjoining the Martell, a channel of
very fiue gravel has been recently struck,
which promises very rich results. This chan-
nel is evidently a separate one from all others
heretofore discovered in the ridge, and as far
as proven, seems to be more extensive and
richer in gold than those tapped by other tun-
nels driven into the same hill. The newly dis-
covered channel it seems will run through the
claims of Trueb & Billiard, and the Martell
claims, the latter owned and worked by the
Amador canal and mining company. The dis-
covery of the new channel will add greatly to
the value of claims through which it may pass.
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
Gravel Mining. — Calaveras Chronicle, Feb.
20: All the hydraulics in this vicinity are in
full blast. The ditch is taxed to its uttermost
capacity in conveying water enough for the
various claims, making things lively in the
mining line. Several new enterprises are
about being undertaken, and everything be-
speaks unusual activity in gravel mining oper-
ations.
Good Clean Up. — A late clean-up at tbe
Mullins' gravel claim, near Central Hill,
yielded one hundred and sixty ounces of gold.
Tbe rt suit of' four weeks' work of four men.
Work Kesumkd. — Work has been resumed
on the oldYance mine at Mosquito. The ledge
was one of tbe earliest discovered iu that dis-
trict and has ;\ i^lded a large amount of bullion.
The Valentine Mine. — We learn lhat the
Valentine mine, in Mosquito district, has been
re-locatfd under the provisions of the Mining
Act of 1872, and that work upon it is now go-
ing steadily forward. The Valentine is, we be-
lieve, the pioneer mine of the district.
The Lewis & Fairchild Mine — Good Yield.
— Last week we briefly chronicled the recent
discovery of a very promising quartz ledge,
near Leavitt's ranch in the Mosquito district,
by those well known miners and prospectors,
Messrs. Lewis & Fairchild. Since then, thirty-
six tons of rock taken from the ledge have
been crushed in Garland's mill at Mosquito.
The ore yielded an aggregate of eighty-four
ounces of gold— an average of nearly $50 per
ton. But little work, comparatively speaking,
has yet been done upon the lead, but the pros-
pects are altogether favorable for the develop-
ment of a valuable mine. The ledge averages
fully two feet in width, while the result of the
crushing, stated above, establishes the charac-
ter of the ore for richness.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY.
Quicksilver Near Clayton. — Antioch Led-
gert Feb. 20: While the adjoining counties
across the bay have been making rich develop-
ments in silver, quicksilver and other precious
metals, there has been some prospecting on
Mt. Diablo and vicinity, and not without suc-
cess. A few days since, a well defined lead of
quicksilver was found on the ranch owned by
Mrs. Hastings, widow of the late Liman Hast-
ings. The location is within two miles of
Clayton. C. P. Marsh, of Oakland, Harry
Morse, Sheriff of Alameda county, Mr. Calder-
wood, his deputy and one Spaulding, have
purchased the ranch of widow Hastings, rumor
says, for five thousand dollars. The vein of
quicksilver is said to be the best defined and
richest of any yet discovered in the county.
EL DORADO COUNTY-
New Mines. — Folsom Telegraph, Feb. 20: In
El Dorado county, near the line of the railroad
about Sugar Loaf mountain, between Latrobe
and Shingle Springs, a number of rich quick-
silver discoveries have been made within the
past three mouths; several companies are at
work sinking shafts, one of which is one hun-
dred feet deep. One company completed their
furnace during last week, for smelting pur-
poses. The ore resembles that of New Alma-
den, and every test that has been made shows
it to be rich, and the deposits very extensive,
extending over an area of country ten miles in
extent.
NEVADA COUNTY.
New York Hill Mine. — Foothill Tidings,
February 27, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
133
Feb. 20: Richer and better and more of it, is
the report this wf ek from New York Hill. Mr.
Meek, late cashier of the bank of A. Delano
and one of the executors of the estate, showed
na some of the finest specimens one day this
week that it has ever been our lot to examine.
One piece, estimated to weigh about two pounds
if all quartz, actually weighs over four pounds.
arid therefore mast contain somethiug like $425
in gold. This was from the lowest depth
reached and a direct continuation dowuwurd of
the rich bonanza strnck Borne weeks sinoe.
Dabtmouth. — We visited this mine, just out
at the north end of Church street, this week
and found both mill and hoisting works at
work. For several weeks past they have been
taking out of the drifts a lot of wutfl stuff left
there in previous workings, and as this was
B'>ft enough to wash out in ordinary sluices the
mill has been idle for some time. This old
waste gave a clean-up of $1,1-10 from a two
weeks' run, and on the return of Captain Mil-
ler, the Superintendent, from below, it was
thought best to put what is now comiDg out
through the mill, as much of it was cement.
Capt Miller is fast getting the Dartmouth in
sb>ipe for a splendid run.
Thk Gold Trap of Mr. Tunbridge, having
proved itself capable of saving gold from tbe
tailings of the Empire Mill — which saves $60
a day by tbe use of Hendy's Concentrator
above the "trap" but below the point at which
many mills let all go to wa«te — is now statioued
on the gravel sluice below tbe Dartmouth
works, out on Church street.
PLUMAS COUNTY
Stbuck It. — Plumas National, Feb. 20: We
learn from Deputy Sheriff Yeales that the
American Company of Washington Hill,
(Flagg. Durrell & Co.), recently struck gravel
which prospects first-rate. They got one nug-
get which weighed half an ounce. This com-
pany have been running in bed-rock for the
East two years, and deserve to have the best
ind of pay. We hope the strike will prove
rich and extensive.
SIERRA COUNTY.
Paying. — Mountain Messenger, Feb. 20: The
diggings on Badger Hill are paying very well
just now, and the rich bank of ground recently
discovered, promises to bold out for some time
to come.
Oro. — It is now a dead certainty that work
on tbe new Oro mill, just above town, will be
commenced at an early day.
Watbe.— Westall & Co., of Poverty Hill,
have enough water to pipe about eight hours
every other day, which is better than no water
at all.
A new claim has been located near the Iowa
claim in which pay gravel was recently struck.
SONOMA COUNTY.
Bich Strike. — Petaluma Argus, Feb. 19: We
are informed that the Eastern Quicksilver
mine, near Guerneville, has recently made a
strike of some very rich cinnabar. The com-
pany has been running a tunnel parallel with
the ledge for several months, and are now in
over one hundred feet. The mine is supposed
to be very rich, but the owners refuse to admit
the public in the tunnel. The Western com-
pany are also taking out some very rich rock,
and the people of Guerneville are happy.
Abe Lihcoln. — The Abe Lincoln silver mine,
located a few miles northwest of Healdsburg,
is creating quite an interest among our local
mining sharps. The company have sunk a
shaft on the mine some fifty feet deep, and
drifted on the ledge forty-five feet in one direc-
tion, and fourteen in another. The ledge is
well defined, and three and a half feet thick,
standing at. an angle of forty degrees. The
rock taken from the ledge twelve feet down
assays $24 per ton, and specimens that have
been picked run as high as $80 to $120 per ton.
Henry Miller has found a quartz ledge on his
land near Guerneville, from the cropping* of
which an assay has been made, showing silver
and gold in small quantities— enough to justify
him in prospecting the vein.
The Ida Clayton mine, which is situated in
! Knight's Valley, is looking well. Its superiu-
1 teudent is Charles Bidgeby, an old Napaite.
I Fifty men are employed at the mine, and they
[ are getting out some very good ore. In a seven
I days' run they got thirty flasks of quicksilver.
The workmen have strnck a body of black ore,
I which is one of the richest of cinnabar forma-
' tions.
I SISKIYOU.
Teamway. — Yreka Union, Feb. 20: We un-
| derstand that the Black Bear mining company
talk of building a tramway for the purpose of
carrying their rock from the mine to the mill.
The distance which the rock has to be taken is
about two miles. To perform the work several
teams, with drivers, are required. The grade
from the mine to the mill is so descending that
loaded cars will run from the former to the lat-
ter without other force than that of gravity.
CrNNABAE Discovered.— From Richard Smith
we learn that some rich cinnabar was discov-
ered on the Klamath, ne^r tbe mouth of Horse
creek, last week. The discoverer was Eli
Miller, It seemB there is a peculiar formation,
or ledge in whioh small veins of cinnabar alter-
nate with the common rock. This formation
is about one hundred feet in thickness, and
was discovered first on the north side of the
Klamath, in the point formed by the junction
of Horse creek and the Klamath. It was af-
terward found on the south side of the river,
maintaining about the same, width and exhibit-
ing the same appearance and characteristics.
Smith said the veins ot cinnabar through this
formation were numerous but small. There
was no one there who had bad experience in
quicksilver mining, but with improvised retorts
they were able to obtain an abundance of
quicksilver. The discovery had caused quit**
an excitement, and several were prospecting in
the hills in the vicinity.
TRINITY.
Cinnabar District.— Trinity Journal, Peb,
20: 8. C. Wattles came in this week front
Cinnabar district, and reports further rich de-
velopments. As to the district at large. Wat-
tles is of the opinion that it contains more
wealth than all the remainder of the county.
Aa far as ascertained'the main lode of cinnabur
is from one-half to one mile in width, and has
been found at irregular intervals for a distance
of three miles in length. Lytle & Hawkett.
with two men, are taking out ten tous of ore
per day, which will work on an average of
25 per cent. Worland & Bntler are working
concentrated ore which gives 80 per cent. Thu
Trinity quicksilver company are in a little over
200 feet in their prospecting tunnel, the last
120 feet of whioh shows mineral, being in low
grade ore, but continually improving as the
tunnel goes in. In fact, Wattles says every
foot shows a decided improvement in the ore
taken from this tunnel. H. C. Wilt has found
a rich vein on his claim, and will commence
taking out ore as soon as arrangements cin be
made for reducing it. On his own claim Wat-
tles has a tunnel in 100 feet, and is well satis-
fied with his prospect. Every man in Cinnabar
district is employed, and others who under-
stand the work could find ready employment.
There is no snow at the mines and no obstacle
to travel in and out. Many new locations have
been made, and some of the old chains on
which no work has yet been done have been re-
located. Lively times are expected in Cinnabar
district next summer, as the rush of prospectors
will commence as Boon as danger from storms
is past.
YOLO.
New Discoveries. — Yolo Democrat, Feb. 14:
It has long been known that the range of hills
bounding the Sacramento valley on the west
contain various kind of minerals, but for some
reason they have never been thoroughly and
determinedly prospected in any locality. Coal,
iron, tin, quicksilver, silver and gold are known
to exist in this range. In one case we know of
croppings from a ledge which were assayed and
found to yield gold to the amount of $30 per
ton. The other day, however, a new mine was
discovered a few miles above Dogtown, in
Cache Creek canon, which promises good re-
sults. Samples of the ore are now in the assay-
er's hands in San Francisco, and the result is
looked tor with intense interest. Pure quick-
silver was run out of the specimens obtained,
and lead was also melted out with a blow-
pipe.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Consolidated Vibginia. — Gold Hill News,
February 18: Daily yield, '460 tons of ore. The
ore breasts on the 1,300, 1,400 and 1,500- ft.
levels are all yielding splendidly and look more
promiBftg than ever. No new developments
have been made during the past week, with the
exception of the continuation of east cross-cut
No. 2, on the 1,500-ft. level, the face of which
is still in the richest possible character of ore.
The mine is showing richer and better the
more it is developed, and there is simply no es-
timating its immense wealth.
Opbib. — The ore slopes on the 1,366-ft. level
are both looking and yielding well. The east
and west ore stopes on the 1,465-ft. level are
also yielding the usual amount of good ore.
The east cross-cut on the 1,366-ft level on the
California line, is passing through very favor-
able ground containing numerous stringers and
streaks of fine ore. The east cross-cut on the
California line, on the 1,465-ft level is also
passing-through a very changeable and favora-
ble character of ground. The bottom of the
north winze on tho 1,465-ft level has encount-
ered a new and heavy, body of ore dipping
strongly to the east, which seems to have
turned the course of the stratum of ore passed
through a few feet higher up, although the same
character of ore still shows under the sills on
the east side of the winze. A new station for
the head of the main incline, 50 ft below tbe
1,465-ft level is being opened, the work on
which is making good progress. A new station
is being opened at the 1,600-ft level, from which
point a drift is being run to connect with the
new incline. This drift already shows some
fine indications of ore.
California. — The cross-cut near the center
of the mine, on the 1,400-ft level is still con-
tinued to the eastward, the face in good ore.
On the 1,500-ft level the face of both cross-cats
Nos. 1 and 2 are in the richest character of ore,
while that of cross-cut No. 3 is in low grade
ore, and is daily expected to reach the rich east
ore body already developed in the drifs further
south. The drift onthe 1,550-ft level continues
to the north and easlward, the face in the same
rich character of ore heretofore described. This
drift has now reached a point under crosB-cut
No. 2 ou the 1,500-ft level. Another cross-cut,
No. 4, has been started on the 1,500 ft level;
also a drift north and east from the main north
drift to again connect with the east cross-cut
in the ore vein on the Ophir line, running par-
allel with the ore vein, and from which it will
be much easier cross-cutting and prospecting
the northern portion of the mine, besides
greatly benefiting the air circulation. Sinking
the C & C shaft is making excellent progress,
the rock in the bottom blasting out finely.
Geobgia.-— The new threercompartment work-
ing shaft is being put down at an active rate.
It is very eligibly located, south of the Book.
Inland shaft, and considerable farther east.
They propone erecting hoisting works of the
best and nm-t effective charaoter. The shaft
will intersect the vein at a depth of about 1,600
ft, but at th- depth of 500 ft they will drift to
the vein in order to open and work it at that
point.
Bklcher.— Sinking the main incline is mak-
ins steady progress. The main north drift on
the 1,500-ft level is still driven vigorously ahead,
without change of interest to report. The
south, middle and north wiuz-s from the 1,400-
ft level are all making a fair rate of progress in
sinking, the bottom of all still being in good
ore. The new air shaft is progressing finely,
and will now soon be completed.
Gould & Cobby. — Enlarging the main shaft
below the seventh station level, so as to give
three compartments for hoisting, and one for
pumping, is making good headway.
S ie m: a Nevada. — Sinking the new shaft is
making good progress. The flow of water at
the bottom of the abaft has been quite strong
for several days past, but is again gradually de-
creasing. The old Apple shaft is cleaned out
and the sinking has been resnmed.
Yellow Jacket. — A new station is being
opened at a point in the main incline, 103 ft
below the 1,740-ft level. The east cross-cut on
tbe 1,740-ft level is in 315 ft.
Savage. — The 2,200-ft station is about com-
pleted, and a drift started to the southward to
connect with the north drift from the bottom of
the south winze below the 2,000-ft level. Sink-
ing the main incline is making steady progress.
The foundation for the new incline machinery
is nearly completed.
Lady Bbyan. — Cross-cut No. 3 from the south
drift ou the 80-ft level has penetrated a fine
body of ore a distance of 25 ft. The ore gives
an average assay value of about $63 per ton,
and is as yet of an unknown extent. The pump
is being lowered to the 380-ft level, at which
point a new drift will be started in a very few
days to cut and prospect the ore vein.
Bullion. — As soon as a point 100 ft north of
the Exchequer line is reached a crosB-cut east
will be started to determine the character of the
ore vein. The prospects of an ore development
in the Bouth drift on the 800-ft level continues
to improve almost daily.
Original Gold Hell. — Cross-cut No. 2, from
the north drift, is completed, showing the ledge
to be 60 ft wide, with considerable good ore in it.
Mexican. — A cross-cut east has been started
from the main north drift on the 1465-ft. level,
the face of which is in a very favorable forma-
tion for good ore developments, notwithstand-
ing which it is expected that the drift will have
a considerable distance yet to run to reach the
rich ore body found on the east side of the drift
further south.
Leo. — There has been a marked improvement
in tbe character of the ledge material pene-
trated during the past few days. The ledge is
is about five feet in width, and carries some
fine ore.
Caledonia. — A new ore and waste shute is
being put in at the 1000-ft. level, and a consid-
erable amount of repairing is being done to a
portion of the main shaft.
Bock Island. — Sinking the shaft for the pur-
pose of opening a new level, is making excel-
lent progress.
Chollab-Potosi. — The old inoline has been
cleaned out to the bottom, all the timbers be-
ing perfectly sound and the shaft in excellent
working condition. The prospects are much
more favorable than hecrtofore for a consolida-
tion of the ore vein on this level and the find-
ing of a continuation of the rich ore body
worked on the levels above.
Hale & Nobcboss. — Three drifts are being
run at the 2100-ft. level — one north, one south
and one west. All of the drifts are in vein
matter, and none of them have yet developed
any valuable ore bodies. Daily yield of ore
from the old stopes above the seventh station
level, 40 tons.
Dayton. — The 400-ft. station has been
reached, a station set, put in, and the shaft
again continued downward.
Wells Fabgo. — New shaft 140 ft deep. It
has passed through the hard country rock, and
thebottom is in vein]matter and quartz. Water
does not trouble.
Cbown Point. — Sinking the main incline is
progressing finely. It is now down to the
1700-ft level. The main east drift on the
1600-ft level is still driven vigorously ahead
without change of interest to report. The ore
breasts on the 1400 foot level are yielding the
usual amount of good ore. Daily yield 400
tons of ore.
Woodville. — Sinking the new shaft is ma-
king steady progress. The recently discovered
ore body in the north drift on the 300-foot level
continues to improve as the development pro-
gresses. The width and extent of this ore body
is as yet entirely unknown. The mill is kept
steadily runnidg on ore from the mine.
Silver Hill. — The face of the main south
drift on the tbird level is still in fine quartz,
carrying some fair grade ore.
Imperial-Empire. — Sinking the main incline
is making splendid progress considering the
great depth reached. The main south drift,
on the 2000-ft level, is still driven vigorously
ahead.
Julia. — The main south drift on the 1000-ft
level is advancing steadily along the west wall
of the ore vein in a more and more encoura-
ging character of vein material.
Baltimore. — The erection of the new pump-
ing machinery is making slow though steady
progress,
Arizona.
Misisu Itbms.— Arizona Citizen, Feb. 13:
L. W. Carr and John W. Hopkins have bought
750 feet in the Ostrich gold mine, and are de-
termined to have a stamp mill on it soon, and
are now examining some machinery for that
purpose. The main »*haft is now down over
forty feet, and a ledge of paying quartz eight
to ten feet is developed. Both walls of the
vein are perfect, and every pound of the ore
prospects well in free gold — much of it away up
in the hundreds per ton.
Lee & Scott have just let a contract to sink
the main shaft on their Neguilla mine fifty feet
deeper, and it is now 120 feet deep. This is
already demonstrated to be a very rich silver
vein, and ore shipped to San Francisco was
there worked at a profit to the shippers. The
mine is only about twelve miles west of Tucbou.
D. A. Bennett left early in the week for the
Patagonia country, where himself and Mr. E.
N. Fish are engaged in what promises to be
very extensive mining operations. They are
sinking and find the prospects better than ex-
pected. A Bhaft of 100 feet is down on the San
Jose, and of 250 feet on tbe Santa Maria. They
have about 25 men at work, and Mr. Padres
employs 45 men in smelting ore obtained from
the San Jose and Santa Maria. Mr. Bennett
informed us that they expected to commence
smelting inside of two months, but desired to
make certain developments first, whioh they
are doing vigorously.
Colorado.
Cleab Cbeek County. — Colorado Miner,
Feb. 13: The Clark mining company's
ground on the Terrible is yielding to the
lessees who are working it ore that fully sus-
tains the royal character of this great mine.
John Collom writes to the Miner as follows:
I am happy to inform the miners of Georgetown
that the arrangements are now made for build-
ing the Collom concentration works in George-
town, and that we intend to commence the
erection as soon as the cold weather is over.
The capacity of the works will be one hundred
tons a day, so that we shall be prepared to buy
and concentrate all the low grade ores that the
mines of Georgetown will produce.
Dknveb Smelting Wobks. — The Denver
smelting works, at Swansea (Denver Junction;,
have been purchased by Mr. William Lawson,
a.gentleman of abundant means from England.
He will immediately send to England for a
gentleman to come here and take charge of the
works. Possessing as he does plenty of capital
necessary to carry them on, this purchase ap-
pears to be particularly opportune and gratify-
ing.
Idaho-
Boise County Items. — Cor. Silver City Ava-
lanch Feb. 15: Except prospecting in quartz,
little is being done here at present.
Some of the boys have struck a rich streak
in a ledge belonging to J. G. Hughs & Co.
A large portion of it pays $3 to the pan, and
the remainder is over an average milling orr in
a 4-foot vein.
Nothing but prospecting is required to prove
our range of mountains second to no other
camp in the Territory. But situated as we are
--nearly all of us poor — we cannot, without
the aid of capital, open our mines successfully.
Our ledges, barred as they are with gold, open
out to the magic touch of golden keys.
It is reported that operations will be re-
sumed the ensuing summer on the Mammoth
ledge, at Summit Flat. In times past consid-
erable money was taken from the mine and
those interested retired with a "home stake."
Being cautious men, they were afraid to in-
vest what they had already made by putting
it into the ground again, and so left it; now,
however, they have either made some arange-
ment, or gave gained a little courage, and are
about to have another slap at it, probably
with the intention of selling. Mammoth ore
never milled less than $50 per ton. and is
veiy hard.
The owners of the different mines are con-
fident of being able to work out their own
salvation, without the aid of outside resouroes,
and some there are who would not sell under
any consideration.
Oregon.
Mining Items. — Oregon Independent, Feb.
17: The late pleasant weather has started pros-
pecting in a way that will soon determine the
actual worth of the late numerous discoveries
reported by us, as well as extend the field
already gone over. Earnest work is begun on
nearly or quite all the ledges heretofore spoken
of and prospecting is being done at this time
in localities so remote that we are able to ob-
tain only occasional reports.
The "Hodges" cinnabar lead. The last most
extensive discovery of cinnabar was made pub-
lic about a week ago. It was discovered near
a place known as :'The Meadows," on Evans
creek, about 30 miles northeast of here, by a
man named Daniel Hodges, who had been
prospecting in that region for several weeks,
living at times on bread and water; but so san-
guine was he of success, notwithstanding the
adverse counsel, and even ridicule of acquaint-
ances, that he persevered against all obstacles
until finally rewarded with the discovery of
what promises to be the most valuable lead of
that ore yet found. After locating what ground
he desired he notified his friends, and soon
parties from here were on their way to secure
claims. Thus far ten claims of 1,500 feet each
have been recorded.
134
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 27* 1875.
Irrigating and Other Canals.
A State System of Canals for the Develop-
ment of the "Field," the "Forest," and
the "Mine,"— Its Immense Benefit to
California— How the City and the State
"Would be Enriched.— By a Distinguished
Engineer.
What the New York State Canals Have Cost.
The navigable canals constructed by New
York State since 1817, aggregate a total length
of 907 miles.
Thecostof construction to 1874 is $64,710,832
The cost of maintenance, repairs and collec-
tion 24,377,108
Total cost of construction and maintenance,
etc 89,087,940
Receipts from tolls were 97,625,066
The actual cost, including the interest there-
on, is:
Total coat of construction, as above $64,710,832
Total interest on same 93,736,654
Total cost maintenance, rapaire, and collec-
tion 24,377,108
Total interest on same 27,268,895
Total cost from commencement to comple-
tion $210,093,489
Aggregate receipts from tolls, with interest. 202,619,610
Present cost to State of the entire canal
system.. $7,473,959
Number and Tonnage Capacity of the Boats.
There are 6,511 boats, having an aggregate
of 971,395, the average tonnage of the boats
being 160 tons. The age of the present boats
is ten years, and the total number of navigable
days in ten years is 2,268 days: (In California
there would be 3,650 days.)
Cost of Transportation.
Cost of boats complete $ 5,000
Interest on same for ten years 3,500
Repairs, with interest on same ■, 2,061
Expense of crew, $185 per month 16,566
Expense of towing, 38 ct s. per mile, 79,826 miles . 30,334
Total for 2,268 days.... $57,451
Total for one day $25 33
Total per mile
72
Average burthen of boats, up and down tonnage 156
The interior excels the part we inhabit in soil,
in climate, in everything. The proudest em-
pire in Europe is but a bauble compared to
what America will be in the course of two cen-
turies, perhaps in one."
This being the showing of the New York
State canals, let us now see what the State of
California might do in the same direction,
combining irrigation with cheap transportation.
We have the New York State canals as a prece-
dent of financial success, notwithstanding the
many mistakes made and the political influ-
ences which have increased the cost of the
Actual cost, exclusive of tolls, per ton per
mile 4.61 mills
The average carriers' charges upon all classes
of freight upon the canals.per ton per mile 5.66 "
Leaving a profit of 105 "
Average receipts from tolls 4.38 "
Total cost per ton per mile (5.66-4.38) ...10.04 "
Results.
During the 10 years ending 1864, the New
York State canals moved 8,175,803,065 tODS,
average receipts from which were 0.91 cents
per ton per mile, as against 2,132,073,612 tons
moved by the New York Central Kailway, the
average recei pts of which were. $2.60 per ton
per mile; and 2,587,274,914 tons moved by the
Erie Kailway, the receipts from which were
$2.22 per ton per mile. The average of both
railways being 2% times the cost upon the
canals.
In 1867 the business of the canals was as
much as the aggregate of the three years (1865-
1867) of the New York Central Railway.
It is calculated that the revenues of the canal
will, with the tolls at the present low rates, ex-
tinguish the debt yet to be redeemed in the
cost of these works in less than fourteen years,
and that a tax of seven and a half mills upon
the dollar of assessed property would discharge
it in a single year.
The State of New York has, since 1825, un-
aided, and without embarassment, or an undue
extension of its credit, and when its resources
and wealth were, undeveloped, expended these
many millions in the construction, mainten-
ance, and working of the canals. Notwith-
standing that the canals are closed annually
for about five months, by Jack Frost, they car-
ried for the ten years previous to 1870, about
• 24 per cent, more freight than the New York
Central and Erie railways together, which were
working all the time. It would be impossible
for the State to prosper without this system of
canals, and the railways cannot supplant them
and absorb all the internal carrying trade of
the country. The "Field,'* the "Forest," and
the "Mine" yield produots which are bulky
and of small value compared with their weights,
and they do not require to be transported at 15
to 20 miles an hour. At a speed of 2% to 3
miles an hour such goods can be carried on
canals at such low rates that no railroad could
compete with them.
Both are, however, necessary for the pros-
peritylof the State, and both are of mutual ad-
vantage. The railroads are necessary for pas-
sengers and for perishable goods, for which the
canals'are not available. Notwithstanding the
closure of the Erie Canal by frost for so many
months, it has moved annually 6,000,000 of
tonsgwhich is more than the full work of six-
double-track first-class railways, and yet it is
only 70 feet wide on the surface, and has a
depth of seven feet of water. What would
Chicago, Milwaukee, Cleveland. Rochester,
Buffalo, Syracuse or Utica have done, or have
been without the Erie Canal?
This canal transports, in eight months, twice
the whole foreign tonnage of the port of New
York. Governor Morris, the projector of the
Erie Canal, in writing to Mr. Parish in EDg-
gland in January, 1801, showed his wonderful
foresight. He says: "Shall I lead your aston-
ishment up to the verge of incredulity ? I will
Know you that one-tenth of the expense borne
by Britain in the last campaign would enable
ships to sail from London, through Hudson's
river, into Lake Erie. As yet, my friend, we
only crawl along the outer shell of our country.
System of Canals for the Plains of California.
The San Joaquin and Sacramento together
form the great valley of California. This is the
treat backbone in the future prosperity of the
tate, and already the source of an immense
business to the city of San Francisco. The
orographical features of the San Joaquin val-
ley, on the west side, must always prevent the
rain fall from being sufficient to mature the
grain crops, and to afford permanent pasturage.
Irrigation is therefore an acknowledged ne-
cessity, and until the lands can be watered by
artificial means, this vast area of rich and easily
cultivated land must remain more or or less un-
productive and uncultivated. A main canal
connecting Kern and Buena. Vista lakes with
Tulare lake, and Tulare lake with Suisun bay,
will open out the entire western slope of the
valley and bring San Francisco in direct com-
munication with the extreme southern portion
of the valley.
Again, a main canal from Suisun bay, along
the western slope of the Sacramento valley to
the junction of the Sacramento and Pit rivers,
and the improvement of Pit river to its conec-
tion with Goose lake, and the connection of
Goose lake with Klamath lake, and Klamath
lake with the Columbia river along the i)es
Chutes valley for purposes of navigation and
irrigation, is a project deserving the attention
of the State and of action by the next Leg-
islature.
Some Estimates.
The following table of the cost of transport
per mile is deserving of careful consideration:
Mills.
Ooean, long voyage, per ton per mile 1
Ocean, short voyage, per ton per mile 2 to 4
Lakes, long voyage, per ton per per mile 2
Lakes, short voyage,- per ton per mile 3 to 4
Rivers— Hudson, and of similar character. . . 2.5
Rivers— St. Lawrence and Mississippi 3
Rivers — Tributaries of the Mississippi 6 to 10
Canals— Erie 4
Canals — Ordinary size 6
Canals— Ordinary size, great lockage 6 to 8
Railroads— Transporting coal 6 to 10
Railroads — Hot for coal: favorable grades ... . 12.6
Railroads— Not for coal; steep grades 16 to 15
The coBt of movement on a canal depends
oupn the relative sectional areas of the boat
and of the canal; upon the actual size of the
two, and upon the elevation to be overcome.
The increased cost of transportation on the
New York oanal, due to the suspension of nav-
igation from frost, is an item that will not exist
in the great valley of California system of
canals. The actual cost (not charge) of tran-
sit by steam on the Forth and Clyde Canal, in-
cluding everything (not tolls), is 1-20 cent.
This canal is closed for some time by frost.
If the main canals cost $15,000 per mile, and
carried a million tons, the tolls would be 1-40
cent to cover 7 per cent, for interest; and tak-
ing the cost of transit at the same rate, the
total cost would be 1-20 cent against 1 to 2 cents,
tbe total cost by rail. But in the case of canals
along the western slope of the San Joaquin
and Sacramento valleys, irrigation would be
combined with transportation, and the sales of
water for irrigation and mill power (if the
canals are owned by the State), would enable
the tolls for transportation to be very low, and
consequently the State of CaliforEia could
possess a system of canals that could be oper-
ated to far greater advantage in the interests of
the public than the New York canals have been.
If the country required speed, of course it
could have it, by a greater expenditure on the
protection of the canal-banks, and by an in-
crease in the rate of tolls. The Hudson and
the Clyde are worked at 15 to 18 miles an hour,
and there is nothing to prevent a higher speed,
except the expense of works of protection.
But the question is, how can we carry a million
or two tons a year on a certain line at 1.10 to
1.20 cent per ton per mile, and this can only be
done by large navigable canals.
Advantages of Canals Over Railways.
Canals proteot the country from drought,
and railways do not.
Canals carry at rates which make even grain
at one cent a pound remunerative, although
grown 300 miles from tide-water; this railways
cannot do. Canals increase the value of lands
several hundred fold where the rain-fall is al-
ways deficient, and induce immigration and
cultivation on such lands. Canals in such dis-
tricts of deficient rain-fall, or where the rains
occur during only a few months of the year,
by encouraging cultivation and immigration,
also develop the railway system, and make the
same a necessity for the transit of passengers
and of perishable gpods.
Advantages to the State.
By the early completion of such large canals
for the purposes of irrigation and navigation
the State will inorease the taxable property of
the country, and so reduce the pressure on the
present population. . Merchants and farmers
would not then be discouraged at , the present
low price of wheat, because if the State canals
could convey at 0.5 cent per ton per mile, the
average cost of moving wheat a distance of 200
miles, would be one dollar a ton. ' The advan*
tage in having such works carried out by the
State consists, moreover, in the fact that the
credit of the State enables it to obtain loans at
a lower rate of interest than private companies
can, and there is therefore, no necessity for
burdening the country with taxes to pay for
works of this character, which will much more
than pay for themselves.
No sensible or well-read man can doubt the
financial success of well laid out and carefully-
constructed canals" for irrigation and transpor-
tation. The New York canals are a proof of
the latter item, and the canals in Europe and
India are overwhelming proofs of the former.
"Popular Errors."
Many persons argue that the time is not yet
ripe for such a system of canals; that the coun-
try is too sparsely inhabited. Such persons
forget the simplest principles of the traffic
question, the first point of which is that com-
munications make traffic. Afford the comma-
nication and population will flow in, and traffic
must ensue. If the drought of 1864 and of
1871 was so terrible in these plains of Califor-
nia, what would not similar- droughts be with
the present population therein ? If the farm-
ers and cattle and sheep owners can be secured
from their present misery and anxiety, when-
ever signs of similar drought are present, will
it not tend to'induce a better and more perma-
nent settlement of these great interior plains ?
The loss of thousands of sheep and cattle
from starvation is a direct loss to the entire
community. A State charge of even five cents
a heada year on all the cattle and sheep of
these plains, for the purpose of developing a
system of irrigation and -cheap transportation,
would be a boon to the stock men compared
with the present risks they now run from peri-
odical doughts.
What Irrigation Canals Would Do.
A general system of irrigation and canals for
transportation by the State would do more
than anything else to break up the present
evils arising from large land-ownersbip.
It would make the lands too valuable to be
held, as now, for stock-grazing, and the conse-
quent increased assessments from $2 to even
$6 would force the large land-owners to divide
the lands into small farms. At the same time
there would be an immense increase in the
number of sheep, cattle hogs and horses raised
on the same land. Although the State's credit
and sovereignty is necessary to raise the loans
and to enforce the proper working of the canal
system, yet in someway or other the private
land-owners whose estates are improved should
be made liable by law to pay for all that is done
to improve the land. If the State ^ were to
make advances for works of permanent value
to the reproductive powers of any section be-
longing to private parties, suoh advances
should be repaid by installments from rents
and sales of land at such rates as shall extin-
guish the debt in a reasonable number of years ;
and if the landlord should be unable to repay
such advances, the State should have the
power to foreclose its mortgage on the land.
Take the case of the west side of the San
Joaquin valley, from Tulare lake to tide-water,
at, say Martinez. Here we have about 500,000
acres of land, well adapted, by the quality of
the soil and the evenness of its surface, for
irrigation. The irrigation of this large area is
chiefly dependent upon the waters of King's
river and"Tulare lake. The settled portion, in
farms of reasonable size, is in the lower part of
the valley, and there are not much over 10,000
acres, out of the 500,000 acres, in the hands of
small farmers. These unfortunate parties are
therefore at the mercy of the large land-owners
who own the lands between them and the neces-
sary water-supply.
Now, if the State would amend the Consti-
tution at the next general election, so as to en-
able it to undertake the canal work, these small
farmers would in three years have a system of
irrigation and a canal available for transporta-
tion. The large land-owners would also find
it to their advansage to have the State system
of irrigation laid out on one or two sections in
width along the line of the main canal; and
unless they were unusually short-sighted in re-
gard to their own interests, they would readily
support the Legislature in any such enterprise.
These 500,000 acres could then, in the course
of twenty years, be divided into a large num-
ber of farms, capable of supporting a popula-
tion of 100,000 where now there is less than
5,000.
The New York State, in Article 7 of the Con-
stitution, provided for the construction, main-
tenance, and regulation of the canal system;
why cannot California do the same and com-
bine irrigation with cheap transportation?
The natural facilities are immense. Nature, in
the provision of Tulare lake, the wonderful
evenness of the country, the constant supply
of water in the snows of the Sierra Nevada,
and in the climate, has 'done nine-tenths of
the work. The State alone can have the power
to conrrol the necessary system of irrigation
and drainage, so necessary in connection
therewith; and there are so many millions of
acres in need of irrigation and reclamation,
and which require to be dealt with on a complete
system that it is impossible for private enter-
prize to work it out. Whether the people irri-
gate or not, they have the immense benefits of
navigation, drainage, timber, cheap food and
beans, etc., which are now imported from th
East.
No country in the worid could furnish more
pork and bacon, cheese, honey and flour, than
the San Joaquin valley, if the advantages of
irrigation were available. The portions of the
State which are not dependent on irrrigation
need not hesitate to support the action of the
State Legislature in the direction of canals, be-
cause they must be benefitted indirectly if not
directly. The lumber business of Mendicino,
for instance, will be largely increased, in the
supply of fencing and building lumber. The
mining counties will obtain tbeir bacon and
beans, etc., at a very considerable reduction on
present rates. San Francisco will be brought
in direct water communication with this vast
back country, and, therefore, cannot fail to
reap largely from such facilities. The State
could make contracts with private companies
to construct the canals, and save in that way
considerable outlay and trouble. But it should
exercise a constant control over the distribu-
tion of the water and in the proper adjustment
of the canals and system of ditches. The gen-
eral question of irrigation by the State is one
that well deserves the attention of every Cali -
fornian. — Bulletin.
Benefit to Mines— Great Possibilities-
The mining districts will be likewise bene-
fitted in the increased cheapness of bacon,
Dubious but Wobth Examination — Spontan-
eous Combuston.— Somebody has stated that
when oxide of iron is placed in contact with
timber, excluded from the atmosphere, and aided
by a slight increased atmosphere, the oxide
parts with its oxygen, and is converted into
very fine divided particles of metallic iron,
having such an affinity for oxygen that, when
afterwards exposed to the action of the atmos-
phere from any cause, the gas is absorbed bo
rapidly that these particles become rapidly red
hot, and if insufficient quantity will produce a
temperature far beyond the ignitable point of
any timber. "Whenever, therefore, iron pipes
are employed for the circulation of hot water,
air or steam , and when in close contact with
timber are allowed to become rusty, it is only
necessary to suppose that under these circum-
stances the finely divided particles of metallio
iron becomes exposed to the action of the at-
mosphere, in order to account for many of the
fires whioh take place at the commencement of
the winter season.
In the California mine, the face of the east
cross-cut, on the 1,400-ft. level, is in ore of the
richest possible character, proving beyond a
doubt, the extension of the ore body, from tbe
1,500-ft. level up to and above the 1,400. This
is a development of great importance, as it es-
tablishes the unbroken continuation of the great
ore body from the 1,400-ft. level down to the
1,550-ft. level, where the quality of the ore is
unsurpassed in richness, and its breadth and I
extent as yet literally unknown.
Sold. — -The Wetherell mine, situated in
Hutch's canyon, in the White mountain range,
in the extreme western portion of Esmeralda
county, Nevada, has recently been sold to a
San Francisco company. The exact amount
paid for the property is not known, but it is
said to be about $65,000. The sale includes
the mine, mill, wood-ranch, mill site,
water privileges, pack animals, and all the par-
aphernalia belonging to the mine and reduction
works.
At Mark'B mill, Mono county, the old revef-
beratory furnaces have b'een torn out and a
White furnace is being put in. When com-
pleted the mill will have a capacity of from ten
to thirteen tons per day, and there are about
1,000 tons of roasted ore on the dump ready
for work.
The bevel-scroll, or ship timber saw, whioh
the Ship-building Association of Vallejo has
ordered by telegraph from the East, will be the
only one of the kind on the Pacific coast, ex-
cepting at the Navy Yard. It is a most valu-
able invention, and will do the work of over
twenty men.
Mb. Bulgeb, engineer of the United States
Mint in this city, has recovered from the injury
he sustained by a piece of iron falling on his
foot recently, and is now at his post again. He
has been confined to his room for nearly two
months.
The timbebs used at the Fetaluma mine
Eureka, are from the Buby range of mountains,
and are said to be superior to the Sierra Ne-
vada growth of pine, being more tough and
less brittle.
A labge amount of merchandise, quicksilver,'
etc. has arrived at Eureka, Nev., on its way to
Beveille District. It is expected that a mill
will be running there shortly.
O. M. Evans shipped last week, from Nev.,
75 tons of antimony ore to this city. It is from
Evan's mine near Unionville. Fifty-two more
tons will be shipped this week.
A TWELVE-foot vein of antimony has been
discovered about twenty miles from Cimarron,
New Mexico, on Red river.
The prospects are excellent for quite a town
springing up at the Galice Creek mines thif
summer.
There are forty-three quartz mills in Mon-
tana, containing 466 stamps.
A large quantity of ore from Castle Dome
Arizona, is now on the way to this city, by sea
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MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
135
Qood HE*LTH«
Diphtheria-
Symptoms, Treatment and
Prevention.
The following information, from a no less
authoritative source than the Report of the
Sanitary Committee of New York, and which
embodies deductions from the investigations of
the latest and most competent medical author-
nght to be generally diffused:
Mode of attack. — Diphtheria is caused by the
inoculation of the nir-passagea with the diphthe-
ritic poitoo, which from this point infests the
whole system; the local inflammation is at-
tended with the formation of membrane (exu-
dation ) ; the fever and general symptoms are
the result of this local iufeotion.
How it Spreads.— Diphtheria is therefore a
contagious disease (not, perhaps, as marked
m scarlet fever), induced by contact with ob-
jects infected. It may be diffused by the ex-
halations of the sick and the air surrounding
them; or directly by the exudation, as in the
act of kissing, coughing, spitting, sneezing; or
by the infected articles used, as towels, nap-
kins, handkerchiefs, etc. The poison clings
with great tenacity to certain places, rooms,
houses, where it may occasion cases after the
lapse of months.
Symptoms. — In ordinary attacks the poison
begins to act the moment it lodges upon the
tissues; but, like a vaccination, at first causes
but slight sonsible effects. In from two to five
[days there is marked prostration, dryness of
throat, and prickiog pain in shallowing; the
thrortt becomes red, and patches of white exu-
dation appear, and the glands of the neck swell.
In mild oases these symptoms subside on the
third or fourth day from the appearance; if
pnore severe, these symptoms may be prolonged;
if unfavorable, the fever increases, the local
(inflammation spreads, and exhaustion rapidly
[follows.
Predisposing Conditions.
The Person. — Diphtheria attacks by prefer-
ence ohildren between the ages of one and ten
[years, the greatest mortality being in the
second, third and fourth years; children of
|feebte constitutions, and those weakened by
previous sickness, and those suffering from
catarrh, croup, and other forms of throat affec-
kions.
I Social Relations. — All classes are liable to
[diphtheria where it is prevailing, but those suf-
fer most severely who live on low, wet grounds;
En houses with imperfect drains, or surround-
ed by offensive matters, as privies, decaying
animal or vegetable refuse; in damp rooms, as
[cellars; in overcrowded and unventilated apart-
ments.
I Seasons.— Diphtheria is not affected by either
jheat or cold, drought or rain.
I Precautions — The Dwelling or Apartment. —
(Cleanliness in and around the dwelling, and
(pure air in living and sleeping rooms, are of the
[utmost importance wherever any contagious
(disease is prevailing, as clean! iness tends both
to prevent and mitigate it. Every kind and
source of filth in and through the house should
the thoroughly removed; cellars and foul areas
should be cleaned and disinfected; drains
[should be put in thorough repair; dirty walls
(and ceiling should be lime-washed, and. fevery
(occupied room should be thoroughly ventilated.
[Apartments which have been occupied by per-
sons sick with diphtheria should be cleansed
[with disinfectants, ceilings lime-washed and
[wood-work painted; the carpets, bed-clothes,
[upholstered furniture, etc., exposed many days
to fresh air and the sunlight (all articles which
■may be boiled or subjected to high degrees of
■heat should be thus disinfected). Such rooms
(should be exposed to currents of fresh air for
|at least one week before reoccnpation.
I Well Children. — While diphtheria is prevail-
[ing, no child should be allowed to kiss strange
■children nor those suffering from sore throat
((the disgusting custom of compelling children
ito kiss every visitor is a well contrived method
jof propagating other grave diseases than diph-
theria), nor should it sleep with, or be confined
to rooms occupied by, or use articles, as toys
taken in the mouth, handkerchiefs, etc., be-
longing to children having sore throat, croup,
jor catarrh. If the weather is cold the child
[should be warmly clothed with flannels.
! When Diphtheria is in the House or in the
Family — The well children should be scrupu-
lously kept apart from the sick, in dry, well-
aired rooms, and every possible source of infec-
tion, through the air, by personal contact with
(the sick, and by articles used about them or in
Itheir rooms, should be rigidly guarded. Every
I attack of sore throat, croup and catarrh, should
be at once attended to. The feeble should have
invigorating food and treatment.
Sick Children. — The Bick should be rigidly
isolated in well-aired (the air being entirely
ohanged at least hourly) unlighted rooms, the
outflow of air being as far as possible through
> j the external windows by depressing the upper
land elevating the lower sash, or a chimny
I heated by fire in an open fire-place. All dis-
I charges from the mouth and nose should be
( received into vessels containing disinfectants,
;0r upon cloths which are immediately burned,
: or, if notlburned, thoroughly boiled, or placed
: under a disinfecting fluid.
While scarlatina, small-pox and enteric fever
are scourging numerous cities in England,
diphtheria is now prevailing in about half the
cities with which this bureau holds correspond-
ence in the United States, and it is more fatal
in numerous interior towns and citieB than it iB
in this city, where its increase seems to be
stayed. No other infectious malady more im-
peratively demands the best resources of medi-
cal and sanitary knowledge to limit its preva-
lence and save life. Sanitary precautions have
supreme importance in this disease.
Do not Eat Raw Eggs.
One of the most common prejudices of house-
wives and mothers is that hard eggs are difficult
to digest, especially the white, and that the less
they are boiled the beter they are for weak and
dyspeptic stomachs. A medical journal of good
authority, however, reverses the case and as-
Herts that there is more danger of raw and soft
white of an egg passing through the digestive
apparatus without being really digested than
when thoroughly boiled and hard; in fact, that
a hard boiled egg constitutes a most excellent
food for dyspeptics, as experience is proving.
A writer in the Medical Journal says: "We
have seen dyspeptics who suffered untold tor-
ments with almost every kind of food. No
liquid could be taken without suffering; bread
became a burning acid; meat and milk were
solid and liquid fires. We have Been these same
sufferers trying to avoid food and drink, and
even going to the enema syringe for sustenance.
And we have seen their torments pass away
and their hunger relieved by living upon the
white of eggs which had been boiled in bub-
bling water for thirty minutes. At the end of a
week we have given the hard yolk of the egg
with the white, and upon this diet alone, with-
out fluid of any kind, we have seen them tiegin
to gain flesh and strength, and refreshing sleep.
After weeks of this treatment they have been
able, with care, to begin upon other food."
And all this, the writer adds, without taking
medicine. He says, what we also have always
maintained, that hard-boiled eggs are not half
so bad as half-boiled ones, and ten times as
easy to digest as raw eggs; and we have no
doubt that an animal may be starved to death
by eating only raw white of egg, for the same
reason that dogs have been starved by eating
gelatin alone. Only toothless babies can digest
soft food, such as milk.
UnaibBd Rooms. — A writer in the Country
Gentleman says : "I pass some houses in every
town whose windows might as well be sealed
in with the walls, for any purpose that they
have but to let in light. They are never opened,
summer or winter. In winter it is cold; in the
summer the flies stray in, or, if they are netted,
the dust sifts through the nets. Now, I can
tell a person who inhabits such chambers when
I see him in the street — there is such a smell
about his clothing I always wish for a sniff of
cologne or hartshorn, or burnt leather or some-
thing of the sort, 'to take the taste out.' A
house that is never aired has every nook and
corner filled with stale odors of cooked meats,
boiled vegetables, especially cabbages and
onions, which, as the weeks go by, literally
reek in their hiding places. The very garments
of their children tell the same story of unclean-
liness. It is bad to have unwashed clothes,
but there may be an excuse for it. But what
excuse can there be for unaired ones, when air
is so cheap and free? There is death in such
unaired chambers. Better a swarm of flies or a
cloud of dust; better frost and snow in a room
than these intolerable smells. The first thing
in the morning, when you are ready to go down
stairs, throw open your windows, take apart
the clothing of your beds, and let the air blow
through it as hard as it will. There is health
in such a policy."
Wabts. — Dr. Guttceit recommends rubbing
warts, night and morning, with a moistened
piece of muriate of ammonia. They soften
and dwindle away, leaving no such white mark
as follows their dispersion with lunar caustic.
IJSEpilL IfifOI\pi^TION.
The Common Hammer.
Few people, in witnessing the use of a ham-
mer, or in UBing one themselves, ever think of
it as an engine giving out tons of force, concen-
trating and applying power by functions
which, if performed by other mechanism,
would involve trains of gearing, levers, or
screws; and that such mechanism, if employed
instead of hammers, must lack that important
function of applying force in any direction that
the will may direct.
A simple hand hammer is, in the abstract,
one of the most intricate of mechanical agents,
that is, its action is more difficult to analyze
tbau that of many complex machines involving
trains of mechanism; but our familiarity with
hammers makes us overlook this fact, and the
hammer has even been denied a place among
those mechanical contrivances to which there
has been applied the mistaken name of me-
chanical powers.
Let the reader compare a hammer with a
wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw or lever,
as an agent for concentrating and applying
power, notingthe principles of its action first,
and then considering its universal use, and he
will conclude that if there is a mechanical de-
vice that comprehends distinct principles, that
device is the common hammer; it seems, in-
detd, to be one of those things provided to
meet a human necessity, and without which
mechanical industry could not be carried on.
In the manipulation of nearly every kind of
material, the hammer is continually necessary
in order to exert a force beyond what the hands
may do, unaided by mechanism to multiply
their force. A carpenter in driving a spike re-
quires a force of from one to two tons, a black-
smith requires a force of from five pounds to
five tons to meet the requirements of his work,
a stone mason applies a force of from one hun-
dred to one thousand pounds in driving the
edge of his tools; chipping, calking, in fact
nearly all mechanical operations consist more
or less in blows, and blows are but the appli-
cation of an accumulated force expended
throughout a limited distance.
Considered as a mechanical agent, the ham-
mer concentrates the power of the arms and
applies it in a manner that meets the require-
ments of the work. If great force is needed, a
long swing and slow blows accomplish tons; if
but little force is required, a short awing and
rapid blows will serve, the degree of force
being not only continually at control, but the
direction at which it is applied also. Other
mechanism, if used instead of hammers to per-
form the same duty, would from its nature re-
quire to be a complicated machine, and act but
in one direction or in one plane. — Journal of
Iron.
Write Plain English. — A very common mis-
take with writers on scientific and mechanical
topics for popular perusal, is the indulgence in
technical terms and algebraic formulas to an
unnecessary extent. Such writings often fall
far short of comprehension by the readers to
whom they are addressed. It does not need
that the scientific writer should "stoop to con-
quer," or simplify his lucubrations to a child-
ish degree, but good plain English, which per-
sists in calling a spade a spade, should be used
in all cases, leaving mere jargon of nomencla-
ture to the society meeting, or the scientific
quarterly. It is no disparagement to working
mechanics that they do not generally under-
stand these things, since it is sometimes a mat-
ter of doubt whether the writers do themselves.
COLOBS IN CaRPBTB AND TJPHOLSTEBY.— Put a
good amount of color on ceiling, not, however,
making it so dark as to bring it too close to the
eye. The carpets must be either lighter or
darker than the walls. This is following out
the artist's rule, to make either background or
foreground run into the figure. If this is not
done in painting, a woman in white satin, for
instance, against a dark floor and dark walls,
will look like a cut-out figure stuck on, and the
same sort of a result would occur iu rooms. As
in ordinary life, dresses are dark in color,
where a light wall tone has been recommended,
the carpet will have to be darker than the
walls. Not too vivid in color, however, and, of
course, no flowers, ferns, birds' nests, and such
like fearful things. Furniture and hangings
should not be too much alike in color; have,
say, the carpet one tone, the coverings of fur-
niture another, and the curtains and other
hangings a third. Have summer and winter
hangings and furniture coverings; those for the
former light and cheerful, the others with more
warmth, and suggestive of comfort and home
life. A table-cloth, occasionally a chair, or a
rug, may supply a bit of effective contrast with
prevailing hues of hangings, etc., and a Bpot of
vivid color in a vase or some Bmall hanging
will complete the formal decoration of the room.
— Brit. Arch. Asso. paper.
Kock or swamp maple is a better step for a
turbine than either lignum vitai or elm. Cast
iron is useless. So says the Scientific Ameri-
can.
Domestic Ecoftepy.
Tomatoes for Supper.
Few people know how to prepare uncooked
tomatoes in the way adopted in my family, and
incomporatively better than any mode I have
ever tasted. By this mode they are very de-
sirable for supper or breakfast. For a family
of half a dozen persons take six eggs, boil four
of them hard, dissolve the yolks with vinegar
sufficient, add about three teaspoons of mus-
tard, and mash as soon as possible; then add
the two remaining eggs (raw), yolk and white,
stir well; then add Balad oil, to make altogether
sauce sufficient to cover the tomatoes well ; and
plenty of salt and cayenne pepper, and beat
thoroughly till it frosts. Skin and cut the to-
matoes a full fourth of an inch thick, and pour
the sauce over, and you have a dish fit for a
president. Though a little troublesome to pre-
pare , yet if once eaten by people who are blessed
with palates to enjoy good things, they will be
pronounced to be far superior to any other
mode of preparation. For dinner they are best
stewed, but they should-always be strained be-
fore sending to the table. — Cor. Germantown
Telegraph .
To Boil a Ham. — Take a ham weighing about
eight or ten pounds, soak it for twelve or
twenty-four hours in cold water, then cover it
with boiling water, add one pint of vinegar,
two or three bay leaves, a little bunch of thyme
and parsley (the dried and sifted will do, or
even the seeds of parsley may be used if the
fresh cannot be procured) ; boil very slowly two
hours and a half, take it out, skim it, remove
all the flat, except a layer about half an inch
thick; cut off with a sharp knife all tha black
looking outside, put the ham into your dripping
pan, fat side uppermost, grate bread crust over
it and sprinkle a teaspoonful of powdered sugar
over it; put it in the oven for half an hour, until
it is a beautiful brown.
Eat cold; cut the nicest portion in slices; the
ragged and little odds and ends ean be chopped
fine and used for sandwiches; or, by adding
three eggs to one pint of the chopped ham and
frying brown you have a delicious omelet for
breakfast or lunch. The bone should be put
into the soup kettle. The rind and fat should
be rendered and strained for frying potatoes or
crullers. A ham prepared in thiB way will go
twice as far as when cooked and carved in the
ordinary manner, besides the conviction it gives
the housekeeper of being economical, and at
the same time placing neat and palatable dishes
before her family.
An excellent breakfast dish ean be made from
the remains of a ham. . Take about a pound
and a half of the ham, both fat and lean, put
it into the mortar and pound it. Boil two large
slices of bread in a pint of milk, add three
boiled and mashed potatoes and one egg. Mix
it with the ham, beat up well and bake it a rich
brown.
To Bleach Flannel. — Flannel which has
become yellow with use may be bleached by
putting it for some days in a solution of hard
soap to which strong ammonia has been added.
The right proportions are one and a half
pounds of hard curd soap, 50 pounds of soft
water and two-thirds pound of strong ammonia
solution. The same object may be attained in
a shorter time by placing the flannel for a quar-
ter of an hour in a weak solution of bisulphite
of sodium, to whioh a little hydrochlorio acid
has been added.
Vapobizing Ibon. — According to Professor
Langley, five thousand tons of iron is vapor-
ized every year by the furnaces in Pittsburg,
passing off through the chimneys, and this re-
markable fact he uses as a measure to indicate
the amount of the sun's heat. The volatiliza-
tion of the iron is accomplished by what is a
very small quantity of coal compared to all
that the Pennsylvania coal fields contain; and
yet the whole of the coal estimated to lie within
that State would maintain the sun's heat only
a small fraction of a second.
Wicks in Kebosene Lamps. — The unsatifac-
tory light frequently given by kerosene lamps,
is often due to impurities whioh have collected
in the wick. The filtering of several quarts of
oil through a wick, which stops every particle
of dust in it, must necessarily gradually ob-
struct the pores of the wick — consequently,
although a wick may be long enough to last
some time, its conducting power may be so im-
paired that a good light cannot be obtained.
Hops and Hop-Stalks. — In Sweden a strong
cloth is manufactured from hop-stalks. The
stalks are gathered in autumn, and soaked in
water during the whole winter. The material
is then dried in an oven and woven as flax.
The buds of hops can be used as an esculent,
and when boiled will do as a substitute for aa»-
paragus. The tendrils, when young, may be
used in the same way.
Good Tabts. — Pare and core about a dozen
nice apples, put them into a saucepan to stew,
adding a little water; stir them frequently, and
when they are cooked to a pulp, add a pound
of currants and enough sugar for sweetening
nicely. To this add a teacup of rich cream,
flavored with vanilla. Line a deep tart dish
with puff paste, pour into it the apples and
cream, and cover it with another piece of paste
of the same thiokness and size, and press the
edges closely together. Place in the oven and
bake to a rich brown. Serve with wine sauce.
Potato Chops. — Boil and mash some nice
mealy potatoes, then, with one or two well
beaten eggs, make them into a paste, work it
well, dust it over with flour and roll out. Take
some nice thin neck of mutton or lamb chops,
carefully trim off the fat, pepper and salt them
on both sides, cut the paste into shape,
cover over like a puff, pinch the edges
and fry of a light brown; they look better if
about an inch of the bone is left visible.
Icing that will not Bbeah. — Take one
pound of pulverized sugar and the whites of
three fresh eggs, well beaten. Mix them well
together, and flavor with the juice of one lemon
or add a teaspoonful of strong cider vinegar.
Pulverize one teaspoonful of wheat or corn
starch and add to it. Flour the top of the cake
as Boon as it is taken from the oven, and pu
on the icing with a large bladed steel knife into
warm water, and then smooth the frosting
with it.
Taste of Pine. — A pine curbing to a well or
Bpring which has but a small discharge where it
comes in contact with the water, often causes it
taste of the wood. If boards so used are soaked
in milk of lime, or a solution of potash and
soda before being put into the well, there will
be no trouble.
SrjGAEED Pop-cobn. — Onecup of white sugar,
half a cup of water, boil till it taffies, and
sprinkle in the pop-corn as much as the pan
will hold. If nicely popped this will sugar two
quarts of corn. Stir well, so that it does not
stick together. The grains ought to be sepa-
rated.
Raised Waffles. — One pint of sweet milk,
one teacupful of butter, three eggs, a teaspoon-
ful of thick brewers' yeast, one quart of flour,
and another cup of milk, in which dissolve a
teaspoonful of soda. Let it all rise until light,
and then bake like other waffles. Serve with
butter and Bjngar or maple syrup.
136
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[February 27, 1875-
W. B. EWER Skniob Editoe.
OETTEY «fc CO.,
A. X, DEWEY,
W. B. EWEB,
T*iiblisliers.
GEO. H. BTBONG
J NO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Bates:
SuBBOBXfTiONB payable in advance — For one year, $4 •
fix 'months, $2,25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at our risk.
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Per line 25 .80 $2.u0 $5.00
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Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special of
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
inserted at special rates.
San Franoisoo:
Saturday Morning, Feb. 27, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL NEWS —
A New Fruit Dryer; City of Peking; Reworking Old
Ground,129. The Hair Worm, or Horse-Hair Snake;
Notices of Recent Patents; Agricultural Lectures at
Berkeley, 136. Double Fish; Hydraulic Mining in
California, 137-140- Patents and Inventions;
Fire at the Saratoga Paper Mills; Postal Changes;
Liberal Donation, and other Items of News, 140.
ILLUSTRATIONS. — Plummer's Patent Fruit
Dryer, 129- Hydraulic Mining in California; Econ-
omy of the Vegetable Kingdom, 137-
CORRESPONDENCE.— Mexican Mines— Ban Du
mas; Utah Mines, 130.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— A Layer of Hydrogen
Above our Atmosphere; Gases Evolved from Molten
Iron; Fluids in Crystals; Science Among the Ancients:
Aluminium for Engineering Instruments; Improved
Chromo-Lithographic Process; Evaporation of Water
from Plants; Optical Property of Crystals of Sulphate
of Copper, 131.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS. — Sand and its
Effects in Mortar; Mechanical Puddling in England;
Paint for Iron Surfaces; Lock and Mortised Bricks;
Magnetic Iron Sands; Recipe for a Cement for Mend-
ing Pteam Boilers. 131.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's Sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock
Market forthe Week, 132.
MINING SUMMARY from various counties in
California and Nevada, 133.
GOOD HEALTH. -Diphtheria— Symptoms, Treat-
ment and Prevention; Do not Eat Raw Egg6; TJn-
aired Raoms; Warts, 135.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Colors in Carpets
and Upholstery; The Common Hammer; Write Plain
English; To Bleach Flannel; Vaporizing Iron: Wicks
in Kerosene Lamps: Hops and Hop-Stalks, 135.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Tomatoes for Supper;
To Boil a Ham; Good Tarts; Potato Crops; Icing
that will not Break; Taste of Pine; Sugared Pop-
Corn; Raised Waffles, 135.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Climatic Changes in Cali-
fornia; Nickel Mine in Napa County; Peavine, 130.
Irrigating and Other Canals; Dubious but Worth Ex-
amination— Spontaneous Combustion; Sold, 134.
Agricultural Lectures at Berkeley.
Our readers are of course aware that several
courses of lectures have been delivered at the
University of California within the past few
months, on agricultural subjects. A number
of these lectures have been published in the
Pbess for the benefit of those who could not
attend. The courses already delivered are as
follows: "On the Analysis of Soils," by Prof.
Eugene Hilgard, of the University of Michi-
gan; "On the Chemistry of Household Life,"
by Prof. Hilgard; "On Economic Botany, or
the Plants which are Useful and Harmful in
Human Industry," by Prof. C. E. Bessey, of
the Iowa Agricultural College; "On the Im-
provements of Varieties in Plants and Ani-
mals," by Prof, Bessey. A course of Lectures
will shortly be giveu "On Stock Breeding," by
Prof. W. H. Brewer, Botanist of the California
Geological Survey and Professor of Agricul-
ture in the Sheffield Scientific School.
A miscellaneous course on subjects pertaining
to agriculture will soon be given on the follow-
ing named subjects: "On Insects Injurious to
Vegetation," by Henry Edwards, Vice-Presi-
dent of the California Academy of Sciences;
"On Forestry," by Prof. H. N. Bolander,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction; "On
Orange Culture," by Dr. Sfcrenzel, of Martinez;
"On Wheat," by Horace Davis, Esq*; "On Lo-
cal Field Botany," by Dr. W. P.. Gibbons, of
Alameda, and Dr. A. Kellogg, Director of the
Museum of California Academy of Sciences;
"On Lower Forms of Vegetable Life," by Dr.
H. W. Harkness; "On the Eucalyptus Tree,"
by R. E. C. Stearns, Secretary of Regents,
Berkeley; "On Cotton Culture," by J. W. A.
Wright, Lecturer of State Grange of California;
"On the History of California Agriculture,"
by W. B, Ewer, editor of Pachto Rural
Pbess. In addition to these lectures a course
is now being delivered at the Mechanics Insti-
stute in this city by some %t the Professors of
the University. These lectures are of course
free to all.
Wm. A. Sttjabt, of Napa county, has sold
his one-twentieth interest in the Geyser and
Mercury mines to Wm. H. Sears, of San Fran-
oisco, for $30,000, or at the rate of $600,000 for
the two mines.
Quicksilver haB fallen in Liverpool to £23
per flask.
The Hair Worm, or Horse-Hair Snake.
A lady friend, who resides on Russian Hill,
has sent us a lively specimen of that singular
species of animated nature, commonly known
as "the hair worm," or "horse-hair snake."
It came into the possession of our friend from
the faucet in her dwelling, connected with the
Spring Valley water works. She intimates that
it is just a little dangerous to indulge in aque-
ous potations from the faucet in the dark. We
should think it was. In answer to herinquiries
as to itB origin, and how it came all the way
through the pipes, we append the following:.
Most of our readers are doubtless familiar
with the form and appearance of this singnlar
worm or snake, and many of us, when boys,
and some of us when full grown men and
women, were fully impressed with the belief
that a hair from a horse's tail, when left in a
pond or other still, warm water, would turn in-
to one of these singular creatures. It has been
a popular belief that if incautiously handled, it
will bite the ends of the fingers and occasion
that peculiar sore or gathering called a whit-
low. But the microscope shows that it has
neither jaws nor other instruments by which it
can either bite or sting. Indeed, it has not even
a mouth — but obtains its sustenance by the
absorption of fluids through a membrane over
that part of its body where the mouth should be.
Joseph Leidy, a well known Philadelphia pro-
fessor, once tried a series of exhaustive experi-
ments to prove that this popular notion of its
origin could not be true. The microscope and
scientific investigation, however,have more fully
proven that this, like every other living crea"
ture, springs from an egg in the first place.
Science informs us that this is not an insect,
but belongs to that class of parasitio worms,
which live and thrive, for a certain length of
time in the intestines or substances of some
other body, like the tape worm in the human
system and the trichinae in the hog. The name
of the genus to which this worm belongs is Gor-
dius, and there are quite a number of different
species. The most common species of this
genus, and that to which the one now before us
belongs, live in the bodies of grasshoppers,
crickets and various other insects; but when
nearly mature and full grown, they bore their
way out of their insect home, and take to the
water or moist earth, where after a few days
they lay their eggs, which are almost innumer-
able. They are laid in loDg strings, which look
like very tine, white sewing cotton. One of
these worms was seen by Professor Leidy,
while he was experimenting, to lay a string
My inches long! These eggs are exceedingly
small — so small that upwards of 1,200 of them
have been counted in one forty-fifth of an inch
as thus laid in a string. This would give some-
thing like six millions of eggs as the product of
the single worm observed by Prof. Leidy.
The eggs, exposed to the warm summer
sun, hatch in about one month, and liberate
worms which have very little or no resemblance
to their parents. The Professor, during his
investigation, succeeded in hatching several
js. They produced small tadpole-shaped
creatures, with a spine and two circles of sharp
hooks— six in a circle — which could be pushed
in and down out from the head. This forms a
kind of boring apparatus, by which the tad-
pole can penetrate the bodies of such insects
as may approach them. The Professor placed
some of the larva? of May flies in the vessel in
which the eggs were hatched, and soon the
young tadpole Gordu, were seen to bore their
way into the larvas. They were also seen to
penetrate the delicate membrane at the joints
of the legs of crickets and grasshoppers which
were confined and placed in the vessel. They
were carefully watched, and it was found that
they gradually ascended among the muscles
and other organs of the bodies, strongly
reminding one of the similar but slower move-
ments of trichinaa in the muscleB of man and
the hog.
Of course, their change from the tadpole
condition to the worm, takes place within the
body of the insect in which they take up their
temporary home, living and increasing by the
nutritious fluids there found until nearly or
quite fully grown. That such is the case has
been verified by a report from Mr. Justus Ga^e,
who some years since wrote to the Michigan
Farmer t as the result of his observations,, that he
had discovered that the cricket resorts to the
water during the month of August to rid itself
of its unwelcome intruder. Mr. G., had
been led to believe that the hair worms, which
were numerous in a certain locality, issued
from the bodies of crickets, which were also
numerous in the same locality, although he
was unacquainted with the manner in which
they found their way into the crickets.
One day, after he had been experimenting
by placing crickets in the water to obtain hair
worms from them, and had succeeded in secur-
ing two specimens, he noticed a cricket crawling
up the side of his water pail. It jumped into
the water, lay quiet for a moment, produced a
hair worm some six inches in length, and then
made its escape nimbly over the edge of the
pail. About the same time he found a worm
some seven inches long in a dead cricket which
he found under a stone.
Notices of Recent Patents. *
Among the Pacific coast patents recently
obtained through Dewey & Co*s Mining
and Scientific Pbess American and Foreign
Patent Agency, the following are worthy of
mention :
Road Engine.— R. R. Doan, Sacramento.
This invention is an improvement on road en-
gines, and consists in so connecting the engine
bearing portion of the machine with the front
or steering part, that the driving belt wheel
upon the latter will always remain in the
proper position to receive the belt from the for-
mer; whatever change in angle and direction
may be given to the machine. The chains and
wheels for receiving and imparting motion from
the engine, are also of novel construction.
Blind Slat Adjuster. — Aaron David, Ma-
rysville. This invention is to improve the de-
vice for adjusting the slats of window blinds on
which an arm on one end of a crank shaft is
made to raise and lower the rod which connects
the slats, bo that the slats can be adjusted and
retained in any desired position. The improve-
ment consists, first in securing the crank shaft
in a suitable box upon the top or upper edge of
the lower rail of the blind frame instead of to
its side as heretofore, and secondly in an im-
proved method of connecting the arm with the
connecting rod of the slats.
Impboved GRiDrBON. — James H. Mitchell,
San Francisco. The object of this invention is
to provide a gridiron for broiling, which can be
readily repaired in case any portion of it should
become worn out or destroyed by use. The in-
vention also includes an improvement by
which the bars of the gridiron are prevented
from being warped and bent by the heat to
which they are subjected.
Mortising Tool. — Gustave Eolin, San Fran-
cisco. In the manufacture of furniture it is
often difficult to make a respectable mortise or
socket for the reception of the bolt of the lock,
which locks the drawer when it is closed, owing
to the limited space, ('only the depth of the
drawer"! in which the workmen is required to
accomplish the work, it being necessary to
make the bolt socket after the piece of furni-
ture is'completed, the drawers fitted and the
lock secured in place. Ordinary chisels and
mortising tools cannot be manipulated in this
narrow space, and as a consequence the mor-
tise had to be made by holding the chisel or
other tool at an ansile so that its lower end
would be outside of the drawer, space or open-
in«. The outside wall of the mortiBe thus con-
structed would also be made at an angle or
bevelling so thnt it answers imperfectly as a
bolt socket. This improved mortising tool is
intended to avoid this difficulty by supplying
an implement whichcau be handled in a nar-
row space to make a mortise or socket.
Sheep Scratch Box. — Ira B. Dillon, Visalia.
This invention is a novel device for applying a
healing ointment to the backs of sheep which
are afflicted with scab or other sores, and con-
sists in the use of a containing vessel within
which the ointment is placed and it is retained
by valves at the bottom. A series of pointed
spikes project downward from the bottom of the
box which is placed at a convenient hight so
that the animals can pass beneath it and the
operation of scratching their backs will open
the valves so as to allow a portion of the con-
tained liquid to run out upon the back.
Lamp Chimney. Guard. — Robert Priseman,
Sacramento California. This is a device for
guarding lamp chimneys on ship-board or rail-
way cars and in other places where lamps are
subjected to a motion which is liable to cause
their chimneys to fall off. The invention con-
sists in supporting a metal ring in such a man-
ner either from the ceiling of the car, boat, or
other structure or edifice or from some other
convenient support, so that it will encircle the
upper end of the chimney and prevent it from
falling or being thrown from the lamp by any
motion or jar.
P©pdu^ IectJ^es.
The California Academy of Sciences held its
annual meeting at the University of California
on February 22d. Invitations were issued to
the Board of Regents and Faculty of the Uni-
versity, officers of the Mechanics* Institute,
trustees of the Lick estate, Microscopio Soci-
ety and of gentlemen otherwise prominent in
scientific, literary and educational affairs.
Professor Joseph LeConte read a paper on the
"Glaciers of Lake Tahoe," the result of orig-
inal research and observation in that region.
Professor John LeConte gave a brief descrip-
tion of two new pieces of apparatus lately pro-
cured by the University. Dr. Kellogg read a
shbrtpaperon"Hops." Apaperon "TheOrigin
of California Land Sheds," by J. G. Cooper,
was read. Resolutions were adopted expres-
sive of the relations between the Academy and
University, and congratulating the University
on its progress. After the meeting the guests
amused themselves examining the groves and
buildings, and discussing a collation. A very
pleasant day was spent.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Fifth Lecture Delivered before the University of Cal-
ifornia College of Agriculture, on Friday, January
22d, by Prof. C. E. Eeeset.
Insect-Using Plants.
In that suggestive little book of Dr. Gray's,
"How Plants Behave," some curious things
are told about plants and inBects. One chap-
ter tells "How plants make insects work for
them;" another, "how plants capture insects."
Within the last few years the attention of bot-
anists has been directed to the relation be-
tween plants and insects. Darwin, in his
book, which is too little known in this coun-
try, "On the Fertilization of Orchids," showed
that in orchidaceous plants, in every case
almost, it is absolutely necessary that insects
should carry the pollen from the stamen to the
pistil and that in all cased the plants and in-
sects were
Mutually Adapted to Each Other
And that each specieB of plant had each its
particular insect, each corresponding exactly
to the other. These facts have given to or-
chids an interest not excelled by any other
group of plants. For some time they were
looked upon as somewhat exceptional in their
need of insects. This peculiar subject has
been well studied by Darwin, Miller, Lubbock
and others and by them we have been shown
that this dependence upon insects is not con-
fined to orchids, but that on the contrary, very
many of our ordinary flowering plants are just
as dependent as these same orchids.
Now, a little about fertilization. The fer-
tilization of flowers is usually effected by the
association or union of two cells, the stamen
or pollen cell, and the pistil or ovule cell.
Pollen is contained in pollen sacs on the sta-
mens, while the other cells are found in the
cavity of the ovule. The pollen in fact comes
in contact usually with the stigma and then,
grows down through the soft tissues to the
ovule cell. The deposition of pollen, then,
upon the stigma is a matter of great impor-
tance. If it is allowed to fall upon the stigma,
fertilization ensues; if it is prevented, there
can be no fertilization and just here is where
the work of insects comes in.
Now it might be supposed that each flower
would be made so that its pollen would fall
upon its stigma, and for a long time this was
supposed to be the case, and then the point
was to show that in every case the pollen
would fall upon the stigma.
It was found in many plants that the stamens
and pistils are in different parts of the branch-
es; that is, they are dioecious, as we call them.
In some cases the stamens are in one plant
and the pistils in another. Now thsn, if na-
ture intended the pollen to fall upon the stig-
ma, this certainly is not the best arrangement
to produce that result. In Iowa we have a
very beautiful plant, the Claytonia, or Spring
beauty. When it opens, the stamens are shed-
ding their pollen. Examining the flower at
this time, it has pretty generally the appear-
ance of a, Fig. 1. At the time these stamens
are shedding their pollen, the lobes of the stig-
ma are closed up. Now, the stigmatic surfaces
are in the inner parts, that is, they are brought
together in their closing of the lobes, so that
when these stamens are Bhedding tbeir pollen,
it can not possibly get upon the stigmatic sur-
faces. In ten or twelve hours or more, these
stigmatic lobes begin to diverge. But now see
what follows. Just as soon as these begin to
spread, the stamens assume the position shown
at o, Fig. 1, that is, they are pressed down flat
against the petals, as far away as possible from
the stigmas. As soon, however, as the fertili-
zation has taken place, the stamens again as-
sume their original position, showing con-
clusively that we have here an action to pre -
vent this pollen getting upon these particular
stigmatic lobes.
Then, you have here another case, which is -
quite common. I see, growing all along the
roadsides, the plantain. [The speaker then
pointed out with the aid of diagrams the pf cu-
liar arrangement in the plantain for prevent-
ing the pollen of one flower from reaching the
stigma belonging to that flower.] Now, in
these two cases that I have pointed out, it looks
very much as if it was intended that stamen and
stigma were to be kept apart, or, as Dr. Gray
expresses it, "as if the object were koio not to
do #.'* There is no doubt that in a large num-
ber of cases the stamens and the stigmas are
kept apart, so that the flower shall not be
Fertilized by its Own Pollen,
And in such cases there are generally special
arrangements made for bringing pollen from
other flowers. In carrying out this, insects
have a very important office. When an insect
visits a flower, it does not simply go there to
get honey. There are two objects. The in-
seot gets honey for itself, and in turn it car-
ries pollen for the flower.
I will now call your attention to a few plants
that you may mee$. \ think none of them are
February 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
137
plant 4 bat that yon can examine for yourselves.
||The first, is Viola Tricolor, tbe little pansy, or
iihettrt's-ease. This is the little, cultivated
, j flower, considerably changed from the wild
[jflower, which is found in Europe, but univer-
1 (sally known as the pansy. And alter I have
tol 1 you what I have to say about these, yoa
can make yonr own examination and verify my
iWtaU'uienta. I have here some diagrams to
Ibhow ita j. rini-ip.il peculiarities. One peculiar-
ity is that, take the plants as they grow wild,
Sej crow in two forms; a large form and a
(small one. Now one form is large enough so
*hat insects can viBit it. but the small form is
■too small, so it has to take care of itself.
I [The Professor then by the aid of nnmerottB
figures explained thestrocture of the large form
of the violet, showing clearly that the pollen
from any flower oonld not possibly fall upon or
■ante its stigma, but that there were special con-
Wvaoces and lures for enticing the insect into
Ibertain parts of the flower, and then compel-
.ing it to carry pollon to the stigma of the next
1 power. On the other hand it was shown that
h<- small-flowered form, being too smnll for
I (insects, had to shift for itself; hence it is so
■modified that its pollen oau fall upon its stig-
na— iu other words it can fertilize itself.]
I The plants belonging to the geuus Primula,
pr the primroses, show some peculiarities. I
■pave here figures showing the peculiarities of
She primrose. (See Fig. 2.)
H In this case we have what is called dimor-
Ibhisni; that is the flowers grow in two forms
| [The little pansy just spoken of gives you an
deft of what one kind of dimorphism may
■be; here, however, we have another kind. By
jteferring to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the
i Dimorphism of the primrose relates to its sta-
mens and pistils. In one form (shown at a)
i the style reaches to the top of the corolla,
while the stamens are situated near the mid-
line; while in the other form (shown at b, the
Hjle is short and" the stamens are situated at
Khe top of the corolla.
P Now the explanation of it is quite simple.
■KVe find that these are always visited by in-
jects. The arrangement is simply in order to
■prevent the pollen which grew in these sta-
ijnens from getting upon the stigma. In all
Isuoh cases, honey is placed
Down in the Bottom of the Flower.
The insect, in search of honey pushes the
ityle of a to one side and crowds by the sta-
nens; there it wriggles around, gets itself thor-
oughly covered over with the pollen and then
[ets back. Now it goes to the other form
shown at b), enters it, and you will observe
hat here the stigma is just at the same hight
is were the stamens in the other, so that the
wllen-covered portions of the insect's body
rill come in contact with the stigma and so
lause fertilization to take place. Observe that
he positions of stigma and stamens are corre-
pouding, so that they readily can cross-
ertilize.
Here, the plant takes on the habit of pro-
lucing different kinds of flowers, almost
dways on different plants, but always be-
onging to the same species, for the purpose of
ingaging insects to carry its pollen.
J. The structure of the Arum, an endogenous
:::■ plant, was then explained with the aid of dia-
■:l trams. It was pointed out that the flower
4 prat entrapped the insects and kept them pris-
: » pners for a time, when having used them as
".: pouch as it wanted to, it secreted a .few drops
■jr pf honey for them as a peace offering and then
• (etthem go."]
-*[ There are peculiarities in the common bar-
berry which have long attracted the attention
: I tot botanists and a great many others. [The
if Professor then referred to illustrative dia-
-:i grams.] Now, it has long been known that
".r [when the stamens are touched, they will on ac-
. jcount of their irritability, move up to the
;: (center of the flower with a quick jerk. If you
... take a pin and touch them, down at their base,
■:j Ithey will very suddenly fly up close to the pis-
- (til. I suppose this is fcnown to everybody
!■* jwho cultivates the barberry. This was for-
■ (merly supposed to be an excellent arrangement
i jpor securing self-fertilization. Somebody,
,r. ihowever, after Mr. Darwin began his shrewd
: |aud careful investigations, found that the sta-
i, imens were not quite long enough to secure
rJ jself- fertilization. Now, the arrangement, if
!• [we look at it from another standpoint is a very
,;: (efficient one. I suppose that if the botanists
::;flo£ twenty years ago had discovered that the
i' Istamens were too short for self-fertilization,
they would have supposed it was a blunder or
liMsomething else like it, in nature. We now
i;j know, however, what it means. At the bot-
;: jtom of the stamen is placed a honey gland.
,: (insects coming and plunging down into the
:' jflower always strike the stamens which makes
l ithem suddenly start up. The result is, the
: (insect is
Covered Over with Pollen.
Now, when the insect gets thoroughly cov-
ered over, it goes to the next flower, plunges
down on that and it cannot fail to leave some
of the pollen there and so it goes from flower
to flower carrying pollen from one to the
other.
Another plant which you can readily find, is
the little Portulaca, often called moss rose. It
is somewhat like the barberry, only that it
this case the stamens are still more sensitive.
Iq the sage, the one grown lor its flowera.
Salvia officinalis, we have only two stamens and
they are made on a peculiar plan, having a
hinge-like arrangement allowing one part t6
rotate upon the other. It belonges to the
labiate group, and has its lower lip made very
large to serve as a "lighting board," as Mr.
Darwin has called it.
[Here again, by the aid of drawings, the
speaker explained that when an insect attempt-
ed to enter the flower, it routed the stamens in
such a way that the pollen was thrown on the
back of the insect, where upon visiting other
and older flowers it would come in contact with
the stigma.]'
In tbe orchids, the arrangements are in some
cases exce«dingly complex, and frequently this
mechanism is such as to almost pass belief;
that is, it seems almost impossible that a flower
should havo such peculiar contrivances just for
the purpose of getting its pollen upon some
peculiar insect. As a rule, tbev are incapable
of self-fertilization. Tint is, if insects or other
Claytonia in its First and Second Stages.
active agencies were taken away, in almost all
canes, fertilization could not tako place. I told
the class yesterday about the vanilla plant,
which was taken from America to the East
Indies, but in so doing they neglected to take
the insect along, and the result was, the culture
of the vanhUa there was not a success, until
some shrewd man guessed the trouble, and
took the insects along, when vanilla giowino
became successful. Orchids are, in almost all
cases gayly colored, or they have peculiar forms,
peculiar odors or an abundance of honey
Double Fish.
The State Fish Commissioners have recently
erected in the grounds of the University of
California, at Berkeley, a fish hatching house,
and many thousands of ova and young brook
trout may be seen in the troughs. It is pro-
posed to build dams at favorable points in tbe
creek and its branches, for the double purpose
of protecting the banks and furnishing ponds
Fiff. 2-" Shingle Roof" Pipe,
for the fish. These young Eastern trout are
*ast being distiibuted in different streams in
the State, by Mr. Woodbury.
While examining the hatching boxes at the
propagating house one day this week we noticed
several of the little trcut, which are fcarcel
an inch long, presented a peculiar phenome-
Fig:. 1— Air Escape.
something about them always which is attrac-
tive to insects. You may
Lay it Down as a Rule
That when a flower has need for an insect to
visit it, it will hold out some inducement for
that insect to come.
The arrangement of the parts of the flower is
non. In some cases there were two distinct
heads and only one tail. In others there were
two distinct fish, but formed together by a
filmy Bubstance, after the manner of the Siam-
ese twins, except that the tissue extended the
whole length of the body. These little fellows
were swimming about without any apparent
Fig. 3— Blow-off Used in Low Places on Line of Pipe.
always complex in the orohida, so^that usually I feeling that there was anything wrong. If they
the young botanist is puzzed in getting at their
structure. [The Professor then, by means of
numerous drawings, explained the intricate
structure of orchids, and the various contrivan-
ces which aid in securing fertilization through
insect agency.] Stioky pads attached to pollen
masses, are so plact d as to adhere to the heads
of insects visiting the flowers for their honey;
and these pollen masses are then carried by the
J *$(iw&m
Dimorphism of the Primrose, a, Iiongr-
styled Form, b, Short-styled Form.
insect to the next flower; by which time they
have actually bent down at
Just the Right Position
To enter the surface stigmatic. In other cases, as
in the lady slipper, the insect is compelled to
go into the flower at one door and to go out at
another; bringing in at one door pollen from
one flower to be left, and carrying out at the
other, pollen to be taken to the flower next
visited.
Cobbection. — In the short editorial comment
on the "Extraordinary Change of Tempera-
ture," which appeared in our Scientific column
last week — "down pour of snow," should have
read "down pour of cold air,"
In Utah, although there has been a consider-
able quantity of snow in the mountains, min-
ing operations have continued without inter-
ruption, and much more ore has been taken
out than during any previous winter.
A new 15-stamp mill is being erected at
Forbestown, Butte county.
felt any difference of opinion as to the direc-
tion they wished to swim it was not manifest,
as double fish and two headed fish were appa-
rently contented. These fish are now six weeks
old, and several dozen were in the troughs.
Fig1. 4— Self- Acting- Air Valve.
The eggs from which these fish were hatched
were brought by rail from the East. "We un-
derstand that the same phenomenon occurred
with the fish hatched from the salmon eggs
taken from the McCloud river here and trans-
planted to the East. Those eggs were also
taken by rail, and many of them hatched out
double fish, as in the case of the eggs hatched
at the University. We do not know of any
case where such a circumstance has happened
before, or at any rate where such numbers of
double fish were hatched out. No doubt it
may be attributed to the railroad journey of
the eggs from which the fish were hatched, as
some of them may have been jarred in such a
manner as to become mingled together. "We
cannot otherwse account for the phenomenon,
Hydraulic Mining in California.
>"«. 1-4.
Iron Pipes.
In such constructions the entrance of any
floating matter should be prevented by a screen
of strong wire, or iron bars, placed at some dis-
tance from the mouth of the pipe. Particularly
in the autumn, when the leaves fall, care
should be taken to remove the latter, whenever
a qu mtity is collected before the screen.
The standing air-pipe mentioned above has
not proved sufficient for the escape of all the
air which is carried down by the water. The
consequence is, that from time to time, the accu-
mulated air makeBan attempt to free itself, and,
in doing so, rushes up the stand-pipe with
great force, throwing out a large quautity of
water, and even emptying the (istern.
The writer thinks a very simple arrangement
would secure the undisturbed flow of water,
and permit the air to escape as it accumulates,
without interfering with the water rushing into
the pipe. The water will form a solid body in
that part of the pipe, which is filled from the
lowest depression of the inverted biphon to an
equal hight, or level, in each arm of the pipe.
In the diagram (Fig. 4) the undisturbed water
would rest below the points A Al, and only
from A2 to B could air interfere with the free
admission of water. According to the great or
less supply of it, the water would rise or fall
between A2 and B; and the stand pipes, repre-
sented by D E F, wonld not only become value-
less, whenever the water should rise to the
point of their connection with the main pipe,
but would, under circumstances, discharge
great quantities of water, whenever the latter
should have risen in the main pipe above their
hight. Furthermore, there would be no con-
tinuous discharge of air,-as the resistance of
the flowing water against the escape of air
would be comparatively aB great between points
G H or H I, as between Al and B. An ar-
rangement is therefore needed, which will not
only permit the air to escape at any point be-
tween A and B, but also prevent the rushing
water from interfering with the free discharge
of air.
The writer proposes a simple plan, as illus-
trated by figure 2.
The circle A represents a pipe 30 inches in
diameter, the line B C a piece of Bheet iron, 23
inches wide from B to C, and 5 inches below
the point D. This piece of sheet iron enters
the pipe on a bevel, for a distance of two and a
half or three feet, falling in this distance one
inch. The sides B C are securely riveted to
the pipe. A second piece of sheet iron must
be inserted in such a way that the first piece
overlaps it for about 2 inches, leaving at the
same time an open space of one inch in depth,
and 24 inches in length between the two pieces
of sheet iron, where the overlapping takes
place. Any number of additional pieces of
sheet iron are inserted in the same manner,
forming, as it were, a shingle roof on the top
of the pipe, with an open space of one inch in
depth and 24 inches in length between each
two shingles.
The water enters at the point o, and is pre-
vented from entering the air-chamber by the
overlapping of the different iron shingles; the
air, however, will, under the least pressor •, es-
cape through the open spaces, between the
iron shingles, and can be conducted to any
final outlet, without inteifering in the least
with the rush of water.
This air-chamber needs only to be constructed
in and a little above that part of the pipe
which is sut jeot to the rising and falling of the
water, according to the greater or less supply.
For instance, in a pipe like that of the Spring
Valley Canal and Mining company, constructed
for a head of 150 feet — when experience has
shown that a hydrostatic pressure of never
more than 50 feet is realized— the shingle roof,
or air chamber, needs only to be applied from
near the "solid water" in the bottom of the
pipe to a point giving a vertical hight of 75 feet
above the "solid water." Of this distance,
only 50 feet or less would be filled with water,
to form the head or hydrostatic pressure, and
the remaining 25 feet would secure a sufficient
vent for all the air which possibly might come
down with the rushing water.
It will be seen that the capacity of the pipe
is not lessened by the introduction of the air-
chamber; the latter consisting of nothing but
pieces of sheet iron rivited from side to side,
and permitting the rising water to fill the air-
chamber from below, and thus to occupy the
whole capacity of the pipe. The arrangement
in itself is simple, and can be introduced into
any pipe already in position, provided it is
large enough to admit a workman.
For pipes conducting water to the hydraulic
machines in the mines, the following plan is
recommended to get rid of the air: A pipe of 4
or five inches in diameter is perforated with
holes, each, say, of 2 inches diameter, and at
intervals of two and a half or three feet. These
holes are covered with caps of the shape of
half-funnels, and in such a way that the wider
part of the funnel leaves an open space, lap-
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer. of
the last Annual Report of the U. 8. Commissioner of
Mining Statistics.
(Continued on Pag-e 140,)
138
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS,
[February 27, 1875
liiisijiegg hirectory.
OILS! H. SKAT. '«" «• HAVM.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AMD COCKSBLORS AT I.AW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Can
forniaand Leldesdorff streets,
SAW ?BAUOISnO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. comer Bacramento.
an, vt 1 instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GILLOTTS
STEEL "tPEtiyrS.
Solii by all Dealera throughout the World.
WM. 8AKTLIBG.
HENRY KIMBALL.
bartlino & kimball,
book;bini>ei8,s,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
SOS Clay afreet, (southwest cor. Sanaome),
l.!vl2-3m SAM FRAMCISOO
BENJAMIN MORG-AN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F-
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenf eldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
£teapi fojnps.
PABKE Sc LACT,
310 California street, San Francisco
THE SEIjIHEIT
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CABB, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented !
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it is adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
— ALSO —
STEAM, GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CABB PATENT STEAM BADIATOB.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
A.. CA.HR,
10v28-ly 43 Courtland Street , New York
SANBORN & BYRNES,
PS
H
4
H
1
I'i.
Tj
Pggj
y
M
1
1§H*
if ■-
f
^--■~ ~'-=±Z_
^"z,^^—
Ifcajf
t^~7 —
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. FirBt and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Blusters, 25v8-8m-bp
.Metallurgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OP AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FRAN0I800
We would call the special attention of Assayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing 'these supplies sines
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
ny Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26-tf JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machine* Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly In con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
MiU-menare invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTJHN,
C. A. LUOKSARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODQ-ERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MEBCHAJTT8,
Al)fASC£8 MADE
•■ till kind, of Ore., and particular atlentlo.
PAID TO
COKSIONMKNTS OF SOOIM.
<vl0-3m
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENEY G. HAUKS
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KTJH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branoh Mint, B. F.)
Assayer and Metallurgical
CHEMIST,
No. 011 Commercial Street*
(Opposite the U , S. Branch Mint .
San Fbamoisoo Gal. 7v21-3ro
California Assay Office— J. A. Mars &
Wm.Irelan, Jr., Chemists and Assayers, Booms 47 and
48 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. Analysis of
Ores, Mineral Waters, Etc. 8v28-3m
ERNEST L. RANSOME,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer,
No. 10 Bush. Street, San Francisco,
Office Hours 1 to 2 Daily.
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2Jg and 1 cent per pound ac-
cording to quality. In ordering state for what pur-
pose the stone is needed.
"I have used one of your grindstones for some time, and
it is the best I ever had." F J. Cubbey,
November 20, 1874. . Prop. S. F. Boiler Works.
EMERY STONES, VASES AND FOUNTAINS, GRAVE-
STONES AND CEMETERY WORK. STONE DRESS-
INGS GENERALLY, NATURAL STONE hard-
ened and pressed, SILICATE OF SODA for
Soap Makers and Laundrymen, &c,
PORTLAND CEMENT for Sale in Lots to Suit.
Send for Price-LiBt, eow-bp
j!lli$cel)apli$ (Notices.
STUART & ELDER,
WHOLESALE
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOR THE SALE OF
California Dairy Produce,
GRAIX & QUICKSILVER,
204 Front Street, San Francisco.
AGENTS FOR THE .
Missouri,
Kentuck,
Ida Clayton
and Yellow Jacket
Quicksilver Mines.
All orders for Supplies and Machinery for
Mines promptly attended to.
RETORTS, POWDER and MINERS' TOOLS
Supplied at Importers' Prices.
3v9-eow-bp
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND-POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17,
24v26-tf
PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS,
SAN FRANOISOO,
Manufacturers of
Linseed and Castor Oils,
OH. OAKES AND MEAL.
Highest price paid for Flax Seed and Castor Beans de
Uvered at our works.
Office, 3 and 5 Frontstreet.
Worto, King street, bet. Second and Third. felS-eow
REMOVAL .
Pacific Lamp & Reflector Factory
NEW MINING1 AND TVTTT.T. LIGHTS.
3v80-3m-eow
J?
5'
?;:
::
I
S!
ll
--■
i-
per cent. Better than
Imported Mustard-
As-Ti Your Grocer for
&v5-eow-bp. .
any
it.
Ayer's Sarsaparilla,
EOR PURIFYING THE BLOOD.
This compound of the
vegetable alteratives, Sarea-
parilla. Dock, Stillingia and
Mandrake with the Iodides
of Potassium and Iron
makes a most effectual cure
of & series of complaints
Which are very prevalent
and afflicting. It purifies
the blood, purges out the
lurking humorB in the system, that undermine health'
and settle into troublesome disorders. Eruptions of
the skin are the appearance on the surface of humors
that should be expelled from the blood. Internal de-
rangements are the determination of these same humors
to some internal organ, or organs, whose action they
derange, and whose substance they disease and destroy. .
Ayeb'b ■ SaBsapabtlt.a expels these humors from the
blood. When they are gone, the disorders they produce
disappear, such as Ulcerations of the Liver, Stomach,
Kidneys, Lungs, Eruptions and Eruptive Diseases of the
Skin, St. Anthony's Fire, Rose or Erysipelas, Pimples,
Pustules, Blotches, Boils, Tumors, Tetter and Salt
Rheum, Scald Head, Ringworm, Ulcers and Sores,
Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Pain in the Bones, Side and
Heaa, Female Weakness, Sterility, Leucorrhfea arising
from internal ulceration and uterine disease, Dropsy,
Dyspepsia, Emaoiation and General Debility. With
their departure health returns.
PREPAEED BY
DR. J. O. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRAOTIOAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
H&~ Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BKIGHAM, Wholesale Agents
SAX FRANCISCO, jyll-sa
Office of Drain Pipe Works,
S. W. Corner Sac
ramento and
[Montgom-
ery Sts„
S. P.
DRAINS
CONSTEUCXBD
In any part of the
State, and
Work Warranted-
E. T. MENOMY,
Proprietor.
eow-1 yr
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals. Tinners' Goods, Tools and Machines;
111 and 11^ California St., 17 and 19 Davis St.. San Fran-
cisco, and 178 J St. Sacramento. mr.-ly
February 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
139
tfmg Machinery.
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
'or Roasting, Desulphurizing, ChloridizinBT
nd Oxidizing1 Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Iftold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
} lentigo, at less cost, than any other invention now In
Hae. Chlorfdizlng Silver ore more thoroughly, in Ices
rime, with leaa fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
Irn preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
|lny other Invention. The Furnace 1b so constructed
i hat one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
[furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
napping or starting at will; charging and discharging
Ivith ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
[f eying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
I Imalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
[pe large space In mill (covered with brick or iron),
nd the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
llnons chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
tiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
[laving fuel and labor heretofore neceB6ary in drying
[|rea for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
pTOB and Scientific Press, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
[for particulars address
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street. Cincinnati, Ohio
•| Circulars, fee, will be furnished, If required.
18v29-3m
ir
TEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QTJA.R'X*Z
ade by our Improved pro-
After many years of
atieot research and experiment
re have succeeded in producing
TEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
which are
unequalled
for
Strength,
Durability,
and
Economy
MILLS,
will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
tpf Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
bid Shaftiug, and general Mining Machinery in {all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promply QUed.
MOEEY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
I Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
EAGLE IMPROVED CHLORINIZING AND
DESULPHURIZING FURNACE.
(Patented July, 1873.)
I The Cheapest and MoBt effective Furnace now in use
I Parties desirous of building above furnace, or for any
Information on same, address,
I. T. MLLLIKEN,
a31 No. 302 Montgomery st., room No. 14, S. F.
CBOCKER'S PATENT
I TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1.500 lbs. Has an Iron
frame, five steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike 2,000 blows per minute, in a mortar provided
with screens on both sides, and crushes fine 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE, $600.
Gr. D. CROCKER,
315 California street, San Francisco.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
IPATKNTKD MAY 20TB, 18T4-]
Price Reduced to 16 Cent* Per Pound
San Fbamcibco. November 10th, 18T4.
7b Supti. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generalty:
We take pleasure in slating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufa. lur.TH
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gaa furnace and heavier trip bummer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of t-teel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any vet
manufactured. We have consequently BOduoed UM
price tr> 16 cents per pound and solicit atrial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
r- nt- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
hold at this office, or by onr authorized agents, though
ciTtain Kaht.rn manufacturers advertise Steel Shok*
axd Dies which are only cast iron hardened by tli._-
addition of a composition. They will uotout-wtar two
BetpOl 1 h >tuniou iron, though called Bteel. They an<
very brittle and arc nut capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Si 1 ! 1 Sinn:s am . 1»iks are in u-e i u m any of the largest
mills on the Pacific CoaBt, and all who huve tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to Iron In
every respect, oven at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Theiradvantagesover iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increase 3" valne of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippings, and a saving of
76 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 1C cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal,
all orders, with dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building.
THE
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific tests by James Emerson, showing the following
useful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, H 60.08; H 69.64; % 78.73
X 82.53; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emerson say6: " These are the best aver-
age results ever ei.ven by any Turbine "Wheel
in my experience"
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnished on application to
TREADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific States and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
Iflachipery.
.7000 IN USE
}7v26-tf
ADAPTED TMVERY SITUATION
mebiMmpg CO.
H. P. GREGORY,
Sole Agent for the Pacific Coast, U and 16 First street
Ban Francisco, Cal,
BALL'S
SWEEPING DREDGE,
A NETT AND VALUABLE
CALIFORNIA INVENTION,
Has been very lately well proven by per-
forming* a job of dredging at the mouth of
San Antonio Creek, at Oakland, Cal.
There is but this one machine that has ever had these
improvements employed. It is an old machine, for-
merly built for another device, and is unfavorably con-
structed for Ball's improvements; yet this first tempo-
rary experimental machine has filled a scow of eighty-
five cubic yards in sixteen minutes in unfavorable dig-
ging. For durability, digging hard material and fast
work, it has a reputation (supported by leading engi-
neers) as having no equal.
Testimonials and references will be given on appli-
cation to the inventor, who is the sole owner of patents
(exceptisg having made an assignment of the one ma-
chine now belonging to the Central Pacific Railroad
Company) Having resolved not to sell any rights
unless upon a oasis of actual work performed by a
machine built by myself for the purpose of fairly es-
tablishing the worth of the invention, I therefore offer
to sell machines or rights on the following plan, which
is warranting the capacity ol the machine by actual
work:
I will enter into an agreement with any responsible
party to build and sell a machine, scows and tender,
all complete, and right of all my improvements in
dredging machines throughout the Pacific Coast for
$2u,000, warranting the machine to dredge six cubio
yards per minute (to fill a scow at that'rate) . $20,000
will but little more than pay the co8t of building the
machine, scows, etc., all complete; therefore I am pro-
posing to ask nothing for my patents unless my machine
dredges more thou six cubic yards per minute. But
it Bhall be further agreed that in caBe (at a fair trial to
be made within a stated time) the machine shall fill
a scow at the rate of more than six cubic yards per
minute, then $10,000 shall be added to the price above
stated for each and every Buch additional cubic yard
tbus dredged per minute, and for additional fractions
of a cubic yard thus dredged in the same ratio the
$10,000 is to be added to said price above stated.
I will sell any otberTerritorial or State rights (either
United States or Foreign) upon the same plan and at a
lower price proportionately than the rights for the
Pacific Coast.
I will sell a single machine with scows and all com-
plete/, and right to use the same in a limited territory,
for $20,000 on the same plan as above stated, but will
add only $2,000 to each additional yard over the six
cubic yards per minute. Each machine is not to em-
ploy more than two 10x20 inch engines.
Payments to be made in U. S. gold coin on delivery
of machine, as may be indicated by agreement.
Address, JOHN A. BALL,
9v28-tf Oakland.
■FACIEIQMA CHINERY'.DEP OT
H.PGJREGORY
^SOtE AGE: NT FOR THE g.
ignite emery
'Wheels '
M 8, 1 6 FIRST SI
SAN FRANCISCO
HP GREGORY
:-.-■" SOLE AGENT ■
FIT CHBURG MACHINE C°~s
M/TOtIN I StS?
ENGINES.
ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided meritJ. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Economy tn Fcel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
"the Price readily concludes the Sale.
ByCall and see it or send for Circulars.
I J.M.KEELER& CO., AjrtB.,306Cal. St., S.F
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIGHEST PBEBOTXM
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cIbco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated under the oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
0; it then becomes greasy steam, passes to all the
valveB and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glasB
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rods and stems lasts longer, and the rinps on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will last from three
to six days, according to speed and size of engine; I,
sliding gauge; K, valve to shut off when engine stopps-
H, F, valves to shut off in case of froBt; steam does not
enter the cup; it is always cool; warranted t- give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Man ifacturedby
California Brass Works, 125 First Btreet, S F. 24v23
MACHINISTS* TOOLS,
Extra Heavy and Ihpboved Pattebnb,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO.,
Mandtaotukeb.
LATHES, PLANERS, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. "P
Pacific Machinery Depot.
H. V. GREGORY,
14 and 16 First St., S. F.
Sole Agent for Pacific Coast for J. A. Fay A Go's Wood-
working Machinery. Blake's Pa*ent Steam Pumps.
Taoite Co's Emery Wheels and Maohinerv, Fitch-
burg Machine Co's Machinist's Tools, Edson's
Record in e Sleam Gauge, Triumph Fire Ex-
tinguisher. Also o" hand and for Sale:
Sturtevant's Blowers and Exhaust Fans, John A. Rocb-
lins's Sons' Wire Rope, Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting. Perin's French Band Saw Blades,
Planer Knives, Nathan & Dreyfus Glass
Oilers, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kinds. P. O. Box 168.
PACIFIC MACHV DEPOT
.GUARANTEED PURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
BELTING
HRGKEGORY
14 &IG FIRST .S^: S:AN::FRANCISCO
140
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 27, 1875
febn
(Continued from. Pag-e 1370
ping about one inch over the hole. The pipe
thus prepared is inserted from 50 to 100 feet,
according to the length of feeding pipe, into
the latter, the open funnel downward, and is.
secured firmly to the upper side of the feeding
pipe. The tipper end of this air pipe must riBe
a few feet above the bulk-head from which the
feeding pipe is supplied.
The air which necessarily enters the feeding
pipe with the rush of water will seek the easiest
way of escape, and must, consequently, enter
the inserted pipe through the open funnels.
The caps over the holes of the air pipes prevent
the water, rushing down, from entering the
air pipe, and the air can be conducted safely to
a final outlet.
The above arrangement would not lessen the
capacity of the feeding pipe, as the water, ris-
ing in the latter, would enter the air pipe
through the funnels, and rise in both pipes sim-
ultaneously.
Tne advantage to be gained from thiB ar-
rangement would be the almost total exclusion
of air from the feed pipe, and, therefore, the
certainty of a solid and even discharge of the
water from the hydraulic machine, securing
the greatest efficiency and force of the water
jet.
[In addition to what Mr. Waldeyer says
above, we give iu Figures 3 and 4, the methods
of regulating the air in pipes in use by the
Virginia and Gold Hill water works. At their
water works the body of water passed through
an^inverted syphon over seven miles long on
very irregular ground, in doing which the
enormous pressure of 1,720 feet has to be over-
come. This pipe now contains the greitest
pressure of any in the world. The average
diameter is 11 % inches. At the point] of heav-
iest pressure the iron is No. 0 thick, and is but
riveted with five-eighths inch rivets. The pres-
sure is 1,720 feet perpendicular, or 750 pounds
to the square inch. This pipe crosses a great
many sags and spurs, and devices had to be ar-
ranged to relieve the air. Figure 3 shows the
blow off used in every low place and Figure 4
Shows the self acting air valve. The latter is
used at each high point *on the line of pipe.
"When the water is on, the valve, a, is kept wide
open; the small valve, c, is shut, while the
valve, b, is shut by the pressure. If any air
accumulates in the pipe, on the elevation where
this air cock is placed, it is occasionly blown
off, by opening the cock, c. Should a break oc-
cur in the main pipe line at a point lower than
the air cock, and within its district, the valve,
b, falls down and admits the air into the main
pipe so as to prevent a vacuum. Should the
valve, &, get out of order, the valve, «, is shut,
and the other valve, &, taken off and repaired.
After a break on the main line is repaired, and
the water let on again, the valve, &, being
down or open, the air rushes out at o, its stem
being weighted by the weight, d, so as only to
close when the solid water commences to rush
out. "We gave a detailed description of the
works above referred to, in our issue of De
13th, 1873, and give here what refers to the
blow off' s and air valves, as supplementary to
Mr. Waldeyer's remarks. — Eds. Pbess.]
The Auburn mill at Reno, has been closed
down. The lessees, Messrs. Eiotte and Beyea,
being unable to pay the hign rent charged by
the English owners. Moreover, although they
worked the ore satisfactorily, they could not
procure enough to keep the mill steadily run-
ning on full time. If they had been able to
get all the ore they wanted, the mill would still
be running, notwithstanding the high rent.
Mr. Biotte has returned to this city, and is en-
gaged in his old business of assaying and work-
ing ores. We are sorry to know that the ex-
periment has been a losing one to the lessees.
Dr. St. Geokge Hopkins, of Virginia City,
has invented a new style of ore car. It dumps
itself, and if, in being run back to the shaft,
the cage is missed, it precludes all danger to
the carman of falling down the same by over-
turning and occupying all the open space in the
shaft.
The New York Consolidated mining com-
pany has contracted for first-class machinery
for their mine, of sufficient power to sink down
to the depth of 3,000 feet, being fully equal to
the machinery of Belcher and Overman, and of
the same pattern as that now used by the Cal-
edonia.
Mining interests in Lower California are look-
ing up considerably. Some 20 persons have
arrived at San Diego recently, for the purpose
of prospecting in Lower California. Two old
miners, Messrs. Mulligan and O'Reilly, have
made a rich discovery near San .Rafael, which
promises well.
The Spring Valley canal and mining com-
pany, of Butte county, advertise for bids to
construct a double line of levee embankment
for a distance of about nine miles.
General News Items.
Fire at the Saratoga. Papee Mill. — A cor-
respondent of the San Jose Mercury reports
that on Friday night, the 19th inst., the im-
mense straw stacks of the Saratoga Paper Mill
company were destroyed by fire . The estima-
ted loss is $10,000. The company bad laid in
a supply sufficient to keep the mills running all
summer, and its sudden destruction throws
about twenty men out of employment. The
fire is supposed to have been the work of an
incendiary, and the company has offered a re-
ward of $1,000, and the citizens of Saratoga
$500, for the arrest and conviction of the cul-
prit.
Fire in G-ottknbubg — 51 Lives Lost. — A .
match factory in Gottenburg, Sweden, took fire
on the 10th inst., when crowded with work
people. The flames spread with such rapidity
that the employes on the upper floors were un-
able to escape, and many were burned to death
or killed by jumping from the windows. Fifty-
one lives are reported lost.
Postal Changes. — The following postal
changes were made in California last- week:
Postoffice established — At Salmon Falls, El
Dorado county, Thomas Orr, Sr.. Postmaster.
Postmasters appointed — Hiram T. Hatch, at
Sherwood Valley, Mendocino county. John C.
Partridge, at Susanville, Lassen county.
Destructive Fibe. — A terrible fire broke out
at Port-au-Prince, Hayti, on February 11th,
and spread with most alarming speed. Two-
thirds of the city was destroyed in a few hours,
involving a loss of about $2,000,000. From
600 to 700 families were rendered homeless.
Explosion — Five Gibls Killed. — An explo-
sion occurred at a safety-fuse manufactory at
Bedrath, Cornwall, (Eng., ) on Saturday last,
at which five girls were instantly killed. There
were quite a number [of almost miraculous
escapes.
The Centennial arrangements are progress-
ing finely. The expenses of the building have
been cut down very materially from the original
estimates— but they will be all that is really
needed, either for performance or utility when
they are completed.
The narrow gauge railroad from Colfax to
Nevada is now well under way. The only ques-
tion which remains to be settled is whether Ne-
vada shall be the terminus. Mr. Beatty, the
contractor, has sent East for the rails and loco-
motives.
Liberal Donation. — Mr. August Hemme, of
this city, has given $30,000 to free the Taber-
nacle church in this city from debt. He has
also presented the publishers of the Occident —
a religious newspaper — with $500
The young wife of the newly-elected United
States Senator, James E. McDonald, of Indiana,
died suddenly in Indianepolis on Thursday.
She was married only six months ago.
A Novel Life Pbeserveb. — A Chinaman,
after the wreck of the "Japan," was rescued
from a coffin whieh he had improvised as a life-
preserver.
Cremation. — The Municipal Council of Paris
on the opening of the new cemetery at Mery-
sur-l'oise petitioned the legislative power for
permission to practice cremation.
Claudio Vasqtjez, brother of the bandit, has
held the position of Justice of the Peace in Los
Angeles county. He is said to be a good citi-
zen.
Suicide bt a Woman. — The wife of Edgar E.
Bliss committed suicide by talcing strychnine
. on Tuesday, the 16th inst., at Danville's ranch,
on the Honcut.
Henry S. Dent, son of G. W. Dent and
nephew of President Grant, died at his resi-
dence in this city on Sunday evening. He was
31 years of age.
The San Rafael Herald states that an oppo-
sition steamer will Boon be placed on the route
between that town and San Francisco.
Deaths of the "Week. — Seventy-live persons
died in this city, last week — seventeen in hos-
pitals, etc., and one homicide.
A fibe destroyed property at Kenton, Ohio,
on Thursday of last week, to the extent of
$200,000.
The Salinas and Monterey railroad will be
making regular trips again within two weeks.
Congress. — The present Congress expires by
limitation on "Wednesday next.
Jesse Pomeroy, the boy murderer has been
sentenced to be hung.
English capitalists are negotiating for the
iron mine recently discovered in Snoqualamie
Pass, "Washington T~ rritory.
Sib Charles Lyell, the geologist, died in
London, on the 23d inst.
Antimony is selling at £52 to £54 per ton
pr reguhis in Liverpool,
Qoabtz is the only thing that is talked about
in Southern Oregon just now. Constant dis-
coveries are being reported and the people are
being kept in a constant state of excitement,
and employ their leisure hours between
making discoveries and building golden castles
in the air.
Inquire Before You Determine. — Ask your druggist
what Halt's Soney of Horehound, and Tar is doing in
c&Bes of severe cough and cold within his own personal
knowledge, before you try it yourstlf. Inquire of him
if he has ever known a medicine of its class aB popular
as that pure and agreeable vegetable preparation. Be
governed by the facts he will state to you. We venture
to say that there is not an apothecary in the country
who will not endorse It as a Bpecinc for diseases of the
lungs and throat.
Pike's Tooth-Ache Drops — Oure in one minute,
Industrial Items.
Papeb Babbels. — Although the process of
making barrels from paper was patented only
about two years ago, there are now two fac-
tories working; one at Winona, Wis., and the
other at Decorah, Iowa, the latter turning out
1,600 barrels per day. There will be another
in operation in this city in a few weeks.
The bevel-scroll or ship-timber saw, which
the Ship-building Association of Tallejo has
ordered from the East, will be the»only one of
the kind on the Pacific coast, excepting at the
Navy Yard. It is a most valuable invention,
and will do the work of over twenty men.
It is now settled that the people of Pendle-
ton, Oregon, are to have a woolen factory.
Articles of incorporation have been filed, and
all the necessary steps taken preparatory to
opening books for stock subscriptions.
A Pbismoidal. — There was a railroad meet-
ing in Sonoma, last week, to consider the ques-
tion of building a prismoidal railway from the
town of Sonomo to the Embarcadero.
Wave Poweb Machine. — The working model
of the above machine is now on exhibition at
the Merchants' Exchange.
The Cornell Watch Factory managers say
that but two Chinamen are in their employ,
and these merely as common laborers.
A Philadelphia company are making arrang-
ments for the establishment of a large agricul-
tural manufactory at Ogden this spring.
A new locomotive has just been received
from the East for the Monterey and Salinas
Railroad.
The Pacific Bridge Company have contracted
to build the trestle work at the Xuba river
bridge during the next thirty days.
Opebations on the fruit drying establishment
to be erected in Napa will commence on Mon-
day next.
Visalia offers a block of land and $5,000 to
any person who will erect there a woolen mill
worth $30,000.
The Hollister Bank, organized five months
since, has declared a monthly dividend of 1 %
per cent.
San Mateo county, claims fifteen millionaires,
the aggregate of whose wealth may be esti-
mated at $250,000,000.
The Carmel Whaling Company, of Monterey,
have done a brisk business this season.
Salinas City is discussing the advisability of
having a local telegraph.
A woolen mill and broom factory are to be
established at Knight's Landing.
Canning oysters is a successful enterprise at
Yaquina.
Lead in Liverpool has declined 15s per ton
since the 1st of January, owing to large receipts
of foreign. The closing quotations on the 1st
inst. were £23 and £23 5s for good ordinary
brands.
The Eagle Mill at Spring Valley, Nev., has
been put in order for wet crushing. A Blake
crusher has also been put up at the mill.
A vein of black lead has been found in the
Baton Mountains, Colorado, and the owners
have refused $50,000 cash for it.
Thebe are 3,000 Chinamen at work in the
mines at the Lava Beds, near Oroville, Butte
county.
Mining operations in Baker county will be
conducted on a larger scale this year than ever
before.
At Winnemucca the strike in the Pride of the
Mountain tunnel, is creating considerable ex
citement.
Our Agents.
Oue Fbtknbb can do much In aid of our paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents In their labors of canvassing, by lending their
influence and encouraging favors. We intend to send
none bnt worthy men.
Ohab. T. Bell— Alameda, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz
Counties.
J . W. Andebson— Orange and Santa Ana,in Los Angeles
County, Cal.
J. G. Kelley — For Washington Territory.
E. W. Cbowell— California.
F. B. Aldehson — City agent, San Francisco.
J. L. Thabp— Southern California.
A. C. Champion— Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties.
I>. J. James — Australian Colonies.
J. O. Ewesg — Contra Costa County.
John Rostban— Sonoma County.
J. W. Biley — San Joaquin and Stantislaus Counties.
W. O. Quinsy. Eastern and Western States.
D. M. Dunn— Yolo and Colusa County.
B. E. Lloyd— Alameda County.
0ACIFIC JlURAL |lf RESS,
A first-class 16-page Agricultural Home Journal, filleu
with fresh, valuable and interesting reading. Every
farmer and ruralist should take it. It ie im-
mensely popular. Subscription, $4 a year.
DEWEY & CO., Publishers,
No. 324 Saneome street, SAN FRANCISCO.
A Good Papeb. — The Mtntng and. SorENTiFic Pbesb
has entered its 30th volume. It grows better aB the
years roll, and is, without exception, the best paper
published for California miners and artisans. If such
papers were more generally circulated to the exclusion
of the sensation trash of the cities, the Staie would he
the gainer in wealth, morals and general intelligence,
•^■Tuolumne Iridependent,
Patents & Inventions!
A Weekly List of D. S. Patents 1st
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[From Official Repobts fob the Mining and Soiei
xifio pbbb8, dewey & oo., publishers and
u. s. and fobbiqn patent agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Bated Washington
D. 0., Feb. S3, 1875.
Foe Week Endinq Feb. 9, 1875.*
Bath-Tub Attachment. — Thomas D
S. F., Cal.
Velocipede. — Walter Knight, San Andreas
Cal,
-William S. Higgius, Oro-
. Woolsey
Cakbiage Spbihg.
ville, Cal.
QuiOKSrLTEtt Fobnace. — C. A. Luckhart, S. F.
Cal.
Steam Engine. — William Wilcox, S. F., Cal.
Be-isst/e.
Bkoom Machine. — Henry Anderson, S. F,
Cal., and James F. Houghton, Sacramento, IP
Cal. **
*The patents are not ready for delivery by tin
Patent Office nntil some 14 days after the date of issue
Note. — Copies of U. S. and Foreign Patents furnishec
by Dewey & Co. , in the shortest time possible (by tel
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All paten
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted wltt-
erfect security and in the shortest time possible
METALS.
Wednesday h., Feb. 24,
American Pie Iron, ^ ton @
Scotch Pig iron.'$ ton 46 00 (g
White Pig, ^ ton j5
Oregon Pig, 5ft ton (h
Refined Bar, bad assortment, % lb
Refined Bar, good assortment, fy lb
Boiler, No. I to 4
Plate, No. 5 to 9
Sheet, No. 10 to 13 1
Sheet, No. 14 to 20
Sheet, No. 2Uo 27 —08
Horse Shoes, per keg 7 SO
Nail Rod - 10
Norway Iron — 9
Rolled Iron — 6
Other IronB for Blacksmiths, Miners, eto.
Oopper.—
Braziers' — 31
Oopper Tin'd — 45
O.Niel'sPat —50
Sheathing, a lb
Sheathing, Yellow
Sheathing, Old Yellow
Composition Nails — 24
Composition Bolts — 24
Plates, Charcoal, IX « box 13 00
Plates, IOOharcoal 13 00
Roofing Plates 12 50
BancaTin, Slabs, $ lb — 32^
8TEEL.— English Oast, igl lb — 20
Anderson & Woods' American Cast —
Drill -
FlatBar —IB
Plow Steel - 9 6
ZlNO ,.. — —
Zinc, Sheet —
Nails— Assorted sizes 4 25
Quicksilver, oerlb l 37^
-
LEATHER.
Wednesday m., Feb. 24, 1875. .
City Tanned Leather, $ lb 26@2c
Santa Cruz Leather, fe lb 26s
Country Leather, $ lb 24(
Stockton Leather, $J lb 25e,_
Jodot, 8 Kil.. per doz £50 OO® 5401
Jodot, 11 to 13 Kil., per doz 68 00® 79 0"
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz... 82 00®94 (H
Jodot, second ohoioe, 11 to 16 Kil. 3* doz 57 00® 74 (H
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00® 67 V
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 00(5) 67 0
Gornellian Fomales. 14 to- 16 KM 71 i)0® 76 51
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00® 63 0(
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00'oi 72 'A
Simon Ullmo Females, lfito 17, Kil 73 00i* 75 W
Simon, 13 KiL.pt doz 61 00® 63 "
Simon, 20 KiL «* doz 65 00(5 67 fli
Simon. 24 Kil. ft doz 72 00® 74 01
Robert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00(<D 40 0-
French Kips, $) lb 1 00a 1 \
California Kip, $ doz 40 00®] ff +
French Sheep, all colors, $ doz 8 00(a) 15 &
Eastern Oalf for Backs, $ lb 100® 1 2
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, % doz 9 00® 13 0
Sheep RoanB for Linings, « doz 5 50a 10 fl
California Rnssett Sheep Linings 1 75® 4 51
Best Jodot Calf Boot Legs, Upair 5 00® 5 1
Good French Oalf Boot Legs, fl pair..,.„ 4 00® 41
French Oalf Boot Legs, fi pair 4 00® — -
Harness Leather, $* ft 30(a) 37),
Fair Bridle Leather, » doz 46 00a 72 (K
Skirting Leather, $ lb 33® 37J,
Welt Leather, 9 doz 30 00a 50 01
Buff Leather, » foot 17®
Wax Side Leather, * foot 17®
astern Wax Le*ther .?„.. -!©_
Woodwabd's Gabdens embraces an Aqnariam, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
To Patent Attorneys, Contractors and
Inventors.
Washington, D. C. January 1st, 1875.
I have carefully prepared a complete digest of U. 8.'
patented Paving and Roofing Compositions, up to Jan-'
nary lBt, 1875, in which is given the name of patentee,
number and date of patent, ingredients, and, {when
given in the specification) the proportions of ingredi-
ents- Also, all of English Patented Paving Composi-
tions up to January 1st, 1874, amounting in all to over
six hundred patents, a complete state of the art to-
date. It is my intention to publish this work at a
early day in book form, and Bhould you wish to sub- '
scribe should address
L. W. SINSABAUG-H, Assistant Examiner,
Room 21, Patent Office, Washington, D. 0.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gusand "Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 h U Fremont St.. S. F,
xn6-3B2
'ebruary 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
141
ALUABLE STANDARD WORKS.
NYSTROM'S MECHANICS.
'ocket-Book of Mechanic* and Engineering. Con-
■IdIu^ a Memo and urn of Facta and Connection of
'ractice and Theory. By JoHN W. Xystuum, C. E.
Eleventh edition. Revised and greatly enlarged by
he addition of valuable original matter. Kuli.i
XUrmxTZD. l'>mo. Pocket-Book form. Gilt edges.
J.W.
Nothing seems to lie wanting which an engineer
>er.ta to find in bla pocket-bo«.k. Th«* table* are
re than orjinarily complete."- BcUetie Engineering
TABLES OF MINERALS.
for the Determination of Minerals by their
'byaical Propertied Transited from tin* Quriiiau of
?eUbach. Enlarged and furnished with a Bet of
Ilo era 1 Formula*, a Column of Specific Gravities*,
ndonc of the Character iatic Blowpipe Reactions
y PKiutiMin Ftu/.KB, Jr., A. M., Member of tlie
merlcan Philosophical Society, etc. l'iuio. Boau
mplJOQ.
We have hen- an exceedingly useful and compendi-
iralde for explorer*, who frequently have to pro-
noe on f)ab*tance8 in tint, where no laboratory i« at
d. The eminent author given many new lights on
Mification, and hie aim hag been throughout to
der the science of mineralogy a* clear and access.
M its complicated nature will permit. The traiiH-
r's work has been done faithfully and intelligently."
■xmlijl: Amrrican.
•ale by Booksellers generally, or will be sent by
1 postpaid on receipt of the price by
. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers,
715 and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia.
DAVID WOERNER,
COOPER,
11 104 and 112 Spear St.. San Francisco.
Mas Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Beer Bar-
4 (els, etc. Manufactured, at Short Notice
and LOW RATES.
flfJMBER for CASKS, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
■■Dried if required.
cow-bp.
I. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPOETEKS AND DEALERS IN
BODBERRY COTTON DUCK.
II 30. 40, 42 nod 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
Ife Duck.
%x, Canvas, Ravens and Drills-
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
e Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
banking and financial.
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
yd
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Charles Sotbo Jk Co. J
San Foaxcisco, Thursday. Fab 23, 1875.
Legal. THHOBH i" s *'., II A. «., *Ct\ IoHN'k.
Goto Rails, 880. Sii.vkh Bah*, i't per cent dlsconnt,
Bx< ELAJTOE ..u N. Y., S per cent, premium for ifuld;
M.' Mi nn DolUrs, 1 -:. ,.ml : {■• i cuni, discount.
Currency, 13M percent. On London— Bankera. 49!* ; Com-
im-rcltil, W. run', 5 franco pe r dollar.
1...M...N— Consols. WVS U>92\: bonds. 90&; Liverpool
VrbeatBA.lId.iQ9a. 3d.; Dlunfe. 3d.:*, lid.
%'■ i< ■K^n.u.ii m S. F., i.y Hi*.- fluk, per tt>, $1.37
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
French Mutual Provident Savings and
L«au Si.L-ii ty— Tliirtloilt Sciin.Auuual Dividend— A div-
idend -if eight 4 10 per cant, per auuum (net 8 4-lU per
com.) baa, in conformity with the report of the Com*
in i m 1 1 of Verification appointed by tbe members of the
Society, been declared at tbe aunual meeting, held uu
tic 15th instant. This dlvideud will be payable on
and aU-r tho lHth instant, at tbe office of tbe Bocioty,
411 Bush street. GUSTAVE MAHE.
Director French Savings Bank.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Masonic Savings and Loan Bank, No. 6
i'".-t street. Masonic Temple, San Fram-lsco. At a meet-
ing of tbe Board of Directors of this Bank, held Janu-
ary Isth. 1876. a dividend was declared at the rate of
bine and one-half (9)6) percent, per annum on Term
DepositH, and seven and one-half ("'■;) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for tbe semi-annual
term ending January 21st, 1875, payable on and after
January 'J8tb, 1875, free of nil taxee.
H. T. GRAVES, Secretary.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF HA.lt FUANCIHCO.
Capital, One Million Dollars.
C. W. KELLOGG President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
K. N. VAKBBDNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street. San Francisco.
Kountze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, upo*
da:iy balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
W. T. GARRATT.
A C I T Y A
£*. Brass and Bell Founder, X»
Corner Natoma and Fremont Stroma,
HAMUTAOTDBKBa Or
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Mela
CASTINGH.
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TVVKU.N AMI I. AMI 11KI.LN, OUSIUH,
FIRE ENGINES. FORCE AND LIFT FUHPB.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocke,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop.
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLEH for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nUhed with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt'H Patent Improved Journal Metal."
K7" Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PEIt and BRASS. fi-tf
San Francisco cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have ju»t added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved Kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any ■peefal lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on handalurge stock of Manila Rope, all siy.es:
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & CO.,
deft) til and 613 Front street. San Francisco.
jripijippii fitter Companies.'
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 EuBh street, above Kearny SAN FKANOISOO
4v27tf G. MAHE, Director.
M4NUPA0T1JREK8 OP
raulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
• E the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
It an object to
jining & Water Companies
OR
WATER "WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON r»XI»E.
Sizes Made and all "Work Guaranteed.
130 Beale Street,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Cazin's Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator— One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
. applications.]
Containing a Bizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de-
livering two or lour sizes of ore to two or four rows of
sieves, each row independent of tbe other, and each
having 5 sieveB, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size- automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, working 2d and 3d-clH8b ores into
lst-class ores of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter;— galena and Bilver sulpburets from
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most cases for the requirements of western mines, witb
a capacity of IS or 20 tons per 24 hours.
For particulars apply to,
F. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co
4t Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, or corner of
Blake and 32d itreets. ag8-16p
California Beet Sugar Company. — Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San FranoiBCO, Cal-
fornia. Location of works, Soquel, Santa Cruz County,
California.
Notice is hereby Riven, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, beld on the 26th day of January. IBi5, an :i--
sesninent of Five Dollars per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at tbe office
of the Company, 314 California street. Sun Francisco, Ual.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of March, 1875, will be delinquent
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unk -.
payment is made before, will be sold on the *&d day of
March, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS KKANCONI, Secretary.
Office, No. 314 California Btreet, San Francisco, Cal.
W. BREDEMEYER,
MIINIINTG,
isulting & Civil Engineer
ft.ND TJ. S. MINERAL, SURVEYOR.
Salt Lake, TJ. T.
jrklng Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
Jt8 furnished; will superintend the establishment
tt working of Mines.
ie Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
t! 'entfor the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
y lng and Concentrating Machinery.
t Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
ball Block.
iQi prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
ing of Shafts.
Quartz Mill for Sale
At Mineral Hill, Elko County, Nevada, four miles from
Mineral Hill Station, on the Palisade and Eureka Rail-
road, and 35 miles from the Central Pacific Railroad.
The Mineral Hill Silver Mines Company (Limited)
offer for sale their new 20-stamp mill {dry crushing)'
built by H. J. Booth & Co, of San Francisco.
The mill is complete in every respect, with engine,
Hailer's Stetefeldt Furnace and all modern appliances,
and is as good as new, having only run two months
upon ore.
The whole is offered very cheap for cash. For further
information apply to
H. H. OAKES, Superintendent.
Mineral Hill, Nevada.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company — Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, Cal.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described Btock, on account of assessment lev-
ied on the fourteenth day of January, 1875, the several
amounts set opposite the names of the respective
shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Benjamin, A F 71 25 $25 00
Benjamin, A F 7i 75 75 00
Bryant, A J 7 100 100 00
Lunt.OA* 10 100 100 00
Taylor, J W 74 5 5 00
Torrey.EN 8 100 100 00
Torrey, EN, Trustee 11 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 12 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 13 100 100 00
Torrey.EN. Trustee 15 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 16 100 100 00
.Torrey, E N, Trustee 17 100 100 00
Terrey, E N, Trustee 19 100 100 00
Torrey, E N,-Trustee 20 100 100 00
Torrey, EN, Trustte 21 50 50 00
Torrey, EN, Trustee 22 50 00 00
Torrey, E N, Tnstee 23 50 50 00
Torrey, E N. Trustee 24 50 50 00
Torrey, EN, Trustee 25 60 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 20 50 00 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 27 50 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 28 50 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 29 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee .30 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 31 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 32 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 37 334 334 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee ..39 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 40 100 100 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 66 00 60 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 58 00 50 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 59 50 60 00
Torrey, E N, Trustee 60 60 50 00
Torrey, W L 42 100 100 00
Townsend.MD 6 100 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 14th day of January,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company, room 16, 408 California street,
Ban Francisco, Cal., on the 6th day of March, 1875, at
the hour of 12 o'clock, m, of 6aid day, to pay said de-
linquent as sessment thereon, together with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. HenB
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to 60 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS, GAMES ^Mg W ■ -_-; Black
HOTJDANS. ^^SH^HT* CAYDGA DUCKS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, parked so as to hatch af ler arrival on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, addreBB i---—*. -„ „ ,
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw thiB advert iement. ]
Confidence Mining Company.— Location
of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal.
Location of works, Tuolumne county. State of Cali-
fornia.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on the
16th day of January, 1875, the Beveral amounts set op-
posite the names of. the respective shareholders, ag
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
James Bell 38 338 $101 40
And in accordance with law, and an' order of the
Board of Trustees, made on the 16th day of January,
1875, so many shareB of each parcel of said Btock as
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Company, 210 Battery street, San Francisco,
California, on the 17th day of March, 1875, at the hour
of two o'clock: p. m., of saia day, to pay said delinquent
assessment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale. W. S. ANDERSON, Sec'y.
Office, 210 Battery street, San Francisco, Cal.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
pany. Principal place of busineta, City and County of
Ban Francisco, Staie of California. Location of works,
Cnerry Creak Mining District, White Pine Ooonty, Ne-
vada.
Notice ia bcruby given that at a meeting of the Board oi
"* irvutors. held on the 2d day of January. 1S76, an aoaosa-
ment oi twenty cents pt-r share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
i in t.'.l States u'l.l't coin, to tbe >ecrclary, at the office
of tbe Company, Room 14, ati'i Montgomery street, San
Francisco.
Any stock upon which thin assessment shall remain un-
paidOD i hi' Sin day of February. 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised tor sale at public auction, and unless pay-
ment is made before, will be sold on Monday the tir-t day
of March, 1K75, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advortihiug mid expenses of sale.
I. T. MILL1KIN. Secretary.
Office— Ruom 14, No. 30'J Montgomery street, S. F,
POSTPONEMENT.— The time when the above assess-
ment will become delinquent is postponed tu tbe eighth
(8th) day of March, and the sab- of stock for delin-
quency is postponed to Wednesday, the thirty-first
(31st) day Ol March, 1875, at the same hour and place
above mentioned. By order of tho Idrectors.
I. T. MILLIKE N, Secretary.
San Francisco. Feb. 2. 1875.
Electric Mining Company — Principal
Llace of business >>an Francisco, State of California,
ocation of works, Lincoln Mining District, Butte
County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 16th day of February, 1875, an
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable Immediately in
United StateB gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the' Company, in San Francisco.
Any siock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 2M day of March 1875, will be delinquenr, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unles* payment
is made before, will oe sold on Monday, the 12th day of
April, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
With costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. W1NGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Francisco
Kearsarge Consolidated Quicksilver Min-
ing Company.
Notice Is hereby given that at a meeting of tho Board
of Directors, held on the 2nth day of December, 1874,
an assessment, No. 1, of 30 cents per share was levied
upon the capital sto k of the corporation, payable Im-
mediately, in United States gold and silver coin to tbe
Secretary, No. 408 California street, San Francisco. Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain
unpaid on the eighth of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment be uiade before, will be sold on Mon-
day, the 22d day of February, 1875, to pay tbe delin-
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
JAMES McHAFFEE, Secretary.
Office Rooms, 10 k 11— No. 408 California strees, San
Francisco, Cal.
Kincaid Flat Mining Company — Loca-
tion of principal place of business, Kan Francisco, Cal.
Location of works, Sonora, Tuolumne county. Col.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 4th day of February. 1875, an assess-
ment of siity oenta per share was levied upon tbe
capital stock of said Company, payable, immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at hia office, 210
Battery street.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 9th day of March, 1875, shall be deemed
delinquent, and will he duly advertised for Rale at public
auction, and unless payment shall he made before, will
be sold on the 29th day of March. 1875, to pay tbe
delinquent assessment together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale By order of tbe Direc-
tors. B, H. CORNELL, Secretary.
Office. 210 Battery street, San Franoiaco.
Manhattan Marble Company of Califor-
nia. Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, California. Location of works, Oakland,
Alameda County, California.
Noiiob. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied
on the 8th day of January, 1875, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
EPFlint.... 299 5 $10 00
C Beach 75 26 50 00
C Beach 76 25 50 00
C Beach 77 25 50 00
GBeach. 78 25 60 00
0 Beach 79 19 38 00
C O Tripp, Trusteo 150 10 20 00-
L EDam 190 10 '20 00
L EDam 197 10 20 00
L EDam 199 10 20 00
Mrs Matilda Dam 211 20 40 00
Murrav Curtis 230 10 20 I O
W H Hanscom 296 60 120 00
WHHanscom 297 69 118 00
WHHansCom 298 52 104 00
JamesLBarker 301 50 100 00*
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 8th day of January,
1876, so many Bhares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary, will be sola at tbe office of the com-
pany, 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco, Califor-
nia, on the 13th day of March, 1875, at 12 o'olock, if ., of
such day, to pay delinquent assessments thereon, to-
gether with coats of advertising and expenses of the
L. L. ALEXANDER, Secretary.
Office — 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco, Cal.
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal pla<-e of business, San Francisco,
California. Location of works, Grass Valley Town-
ship, Nevada County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment No. 2, levied
on the fourth day of January, 1875, the peveral amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. Nc. ShareB. Amount,
"William G Grant 11 119 $119 00
A Delano, Trustee 4 100 100 00
A Delano, Trustee 5 100 100 00
A Delano, TruBtee 6 100 100 00
A Delano, Trustee 7 100 100 00.
A Delano, Trustee 8 100 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the-
Board of Direotors, made on the fourth day of Janu-
ary, 1875, so many Bhares of each parcel of said stock
as maybe necessary will be Bold at public auction, at
the office of the Company, No. 315 California street,
room 8, San Francisco, California, on TueBday, the sec-
ond day of March, 1875, at the hour of one o'clock p. ai. .
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costB of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. F.NESMITH, Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company—Princi-
pal place of business, San Francisco, State of Califor-
nia. Location of works, Kearsarge Mining District,
Inyo County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 17tu day of February, 1875, an
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of tbe corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
tbe office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 17th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, und unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Thursday, the 17th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with oosts of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINQARD. Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Francisco
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company.
Principal place of business, city and county of San Fran-
cisco, State of California^ Looation of works, Tuolumne
county, State of California,
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 23d day ot February, 1815, an assess-
ment of twenty (20) cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately In
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of
the company, room 14,302 Montgomery street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this a^spssment shall remain un-
paid on the 25tn day of Maroh, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the seventeenth
(17th) day of April. 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, 8an Francisco,
California,
142
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[February 27, 187
•>
Iron and (Aachipe tafe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 12S Beale Street SAN PKANOISOO
15. I. CURBY,
Late Foreman ol the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
SOLE MANHFAOTUEEKS OF. THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER,
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
at the ShorteBt Notice.
All Muds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17v26-Sm
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR 'THE
Burleigh Eock Drill OomDany.
— MANTJFACTTJBERS OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for '{Blasting, Putnam la-
tehine Company's Tools, "Wrignt's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
FARES «fc liACY,
■2iT2s-3in-hd 310 California Si., S. F.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 189 Ftsst Steeet, - - Sah FbanoiscoH
THE BISDOIV
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAH FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers {Marine, Locomotive
andStationaiy), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors:
Joseph Moore. Jesse Holladay, 0. E. McLane,
Wm. Norris, Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
"WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE. . . Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vl7-qy
.FTTLTOIN
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
BArTTjrAOTTJHKRB OF
ST-KA^M ENGINES,
Quartz* Flour and Saw Millie,
Stye*' Improved Steam Pamp, Hrodle'a Im-
proved Crniher, Mlnlnir Pnmpi,
Amalgrantatori, and all kinds
of Machinery.
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fremont streets, above How-
street, San Francisoo, 5-qy
Empire Foundry,
Noa. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Sibeet, Sak Feanoisoo,,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts.Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences In large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT,. NEILSON & CO.,
xAKurACTtJiisns or
BTEAM ENGINES, BOILERS,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar' a Patent Self- Adjusting: Steam Piston
P ACKIN a, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kinds of Mining: Machinery.
Front »troet, between ST and O siraeto,
Sacbamento City.
G. W. PBEBCOTT. I W. R. ECEABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVTLLE, -_--_--_ QAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
HoiBtine Maohinery, Saw and G-riat Mill Irons, House
Fronts, Car "Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28~ly
ce 3
PS H
3 *
B g
« z
50 at
1-4 -4) (M
■ «m<Diowi- 1
-*OsiOO»C- f
c*»-* «
r 1a xo rPi-N
i-l ffli-lM
OO-^COl-1
-COO IJQC310 H««H I
scot- IWOCJ HIMh c.V I
t-COi-HrH -*«C
ft A
flfl
a a
8&3
If-.
oaPn-g
o oH
;53 s
SdQ • © d'
■ £ a p _ jf w
■3 1 .a
SSar*
'&ZS a a a
CM P„n"--ri.3
111
Afioa
■gBlllSSSSffig
i:
pa 1
M>W P.
to £
. . u
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
00-OPERATI7E,
First Street, bet. Howard and Folsom, San Franoisco.
Machinery and Cartings of all kinds.
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIBST STBEET, SAN FEANOISOO,
MANUFAOTUBE
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE. '
QUICKSILVER FTTBNACBS, CONDEN-
SERS, &o.
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, "We are prepared to adviBe, undor-
Gtandingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
SHEET HSOIST PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to mate SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car "Wheels, with Bpecial
patterns for Mining Cars . These small wheels are made
of the hest Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and. box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
£7" All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
THEODORE KALLENBERG.
MACHINIST,
and Maker of Models for Inventors. All kinds of Dies
Stamps and Punches made. Also, all kinds of
Small Gears Cut.
Repairing done on very Reasonable Terms and In the
beet manner. No, 33 Fremont street, S. F. 10v28-3m
Jno. P.Rankin. Established 1850. A.P.Bbatton
Pacific Iron Works,
First Street, - " - San Fbanoiboo.
Geo- "W. Fogre, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERT DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING: AND REPAIRING: WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & CO., Props.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
M'©» 135 FI»*st street, apposite Bfilnna,
SAN FSANCI8CO.
All stun s of Brasu, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds. Spikes. Sheathing
Nails, Sadder Braces, Hinges, Ship and steamboat Bellsand
Gangs of superior tone. All kind so f Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulic Pipes and NozzIbb, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
tS- PRICES MODERATE. -£t
J. H. WEED. V. KINGWELL.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA EOUISTXJXtY,
LIftHT ASTJ9 HJSAVTT CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 2»v16ot
MCAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILEIE, MAEEBS
AMD OKDESAL MACHINISTS,
Howard et. , between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
STEIGKER & KERB,
IRON FOUNDERS. I
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at Bhort notice
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pai
and Callahan Orate Bars, suitable for Burnin
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supt!
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.8m i
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
Gt. & H. BABKETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Hob. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18y2B.ly .
PACIFIO
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FHANCISCO, OAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AHD —
Every Variety ot HHaitirig
Embracing ALL SIZES of
Steamboat Shafts. Cranks, PSsion and Cot
4 nectlntr Bods, Car and .Lueoraotlve Axles i
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IlfcOlV
Of every description and size.
n9* Orders addressed to PACIFIO ROLLING MIL)
COMPANY, P. O.box 2032, San Pranoiaoo, Oal., will n
ceive prompt attention.
09- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
California Machine Works
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILH
Keating's Sack Printing Presses,
The Economy Htdbauxio Hoist fob Sxoheb,
And General Machiniets.
25v28-3)
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
aiANTFTACTUItEBS OF A£L TURDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship c
Band Bolts.
IS, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, San Francisco. 4vMI
Vallejo Foundry and Machine Works,
VALLEJO, OAL.
JOHN L. "SEAIiD, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Flour and Saw Mills, Stationan
and Portable Steam Engines, Pumps, etc. Boilei<
built and repaired, and all kinds Of Iron and Brat
Castings furnisbed at short notice.
NLMEOD BAUL8IB.
BIOHAKD o. hanso:
Kiohaed G. Hanson & Co
Block and Pump Makers
Imfoetebs of all kinds of
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,!
STEEL FBICTION EOL-LESS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTION!
PRESSED LBATHEK FOE PUMPS,
Lignum Vitee for Hill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAB STREET,
ear Marliet,
SAH FEAHOnK
fl
February 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
143
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co. Machinery Depot, San Francisco.
Tbn Califubnia Pi.AMit asu Makhkb la got
ifii up from new p&uema specially for this
Coast. It ban Cast Steel Slotted Cylinder Head,
running In patent voir oiling boxes; Matcher
Studies aim. of the best cn*t steel. The Gean
all protected with iron covers. Win pi am-
I In. wide and C in. tblck, and tongue and
1* In. wide. Will make rattle
1 stick gutters, or heavy moulding, etc., and
a tbn bent Job Machine ever bulIL
■^"Wu have always on band a largo ansort-
aient of Planing Mill Machinery, all of the latent
m prove men u*. including Planers, Moulding,
fortlclngand Tenoning Machines, Hand and Jig
lews, &c.t Ac. Bead for Catalogues and prices.
TREADWELL & CO.,
3v?«*owM San Francisco-
Iron Working- Machinery.
Adjustable Saw Guage
Foot Power
lmprovfia Saw Arbors.
Saws
Lathes,
'• Planers,
p Drills, etc
Ul_JL_Jlil_JL_JL
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Improved Band Saws
. till $ ^ Hamilton Traction Engine.
Manufacturers of the following- Specialties:
'ortable &, Stationary Engines,
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS,
OF ANT CAPACITY REQUIRED.
Alac, the Celebrated
STEAM THRESHER, "California Chief"
Have recently added to their listH, the
HAMILTON TRACTION ENGINE.
WORKS IN MACHINERY DEPOT,
'3
OUR TRACTION ENGINE
Is no mere novelty or uncertain exper-
iment, but Is well designed, veil cen<
structed and thoroughly practical In all
its operations. It Is etrong and sub-
stantial in all its parts, reliable and
durable in action, and capable of any
service for which the best of such En-
gines are adapted.
In its desigu and construction we
have taken us models the beat of the
English engines of this clasB, and with
modlucations and improvements sug-
gested by an experience lu the con-
struction and operation of Portable
Engiue'fi, ami n knowledge of the uses
that will be renuired nf them, and the
conditions to which they will be sub-
jected in this country. Wo thereby ad-
vertise that we are prepared to fur-
nish a Hoad and Fiiti 1.1 Locomotive
better adapted for such service and in
many respect* superior to any thing
yet produced in tbiit line.
For full description, prices, ic. of
these or any other machinery in onr
line wo invite parties wishing to pur-
chase such machinery, to call and see
or address us at our place of buainesa in
HAMILTON. O., or ST. LOUIS, MO.,
Owens, Lane & Dyeb, Maohine Co
=
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont & Nate-ma
streets, S. F-,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for whioh Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use.
ti&~ SEND FOR OntOTJLAR
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to tu for tne best
the great National conteBt held at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
We have made special shipping arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
'aciflc Const. USTONLY SEVEN DATS BY MAIL FROM SAN FRANCISCO. "^BH Send your address for a full
eport of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of saws that jou use, with the thicknesB, size and
t jind that you uso, and specify such as you will require within the next 60 days. "We will guarantee to furnish
1 Jou with sawB that have no equal in quality, and at prices that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, FORO & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
CIElSTTIEIN-ILSri^ILi ZP^CIKZinSTGr-.
SELF-LUBRICATING.
j Locomotive
, Marine and
Stationary
IENGINES.
■FOR
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF ALL KINDS.
J saturated in a composition of pure German Black Lead and Tallow and covered with a braiding of the best
litalian Hemp to be found in the market. It is manufactured in a shape the most convenient to use and
pandle, and gives from 50 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs
vith less friction on the rod than any other Packing made, from the fact of its being so perfectly soft and
>liable, and so well lubricated bo to require a minium preBBure on the rod. It cuts off smooth and makes per-
ect JolntB, is eaBily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires occasionally a new ring to keep the stuffing box
nil. ENGINEERS, TRY IT. For sale in any quantity by TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
N. B. — Also manufacturer of Hooker's Deep "Well and Double-Acting Force Pump.
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE AND MILL CO'
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors,
30 and 3S Spear St.
Manufacturers of
[WATER TANKS. MIN-
i ING WORK OF
) ALL KINDS.
WINE, BEER AND LIQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFQ. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch OfflceB, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
1
144
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[February 27, 1875.
HOADLEY
STEAM ENGINE
The above cuts represent the new style "HOADLEY" variable cutoff 15 Horse-Power Portable Engine. We have same style and Pize mounted on
wheels as a Threshing Engine for the Russell End-shake Separator. We have all' BizeB from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES need
no recommendation from us. We have sold them in California for 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The last great improve-
ment is ihe Cut-off Governor, thus giving them all the economy and increased power of the most thorough built stationary engine.
B^Millmen, Mine-owners and Mining Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of the
'HOADLEY " before purchasing. Circulars and priceB sent free on appplication. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
HASKW'S
■gEMI-pOFVr/VBL.E!
The highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS. ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam. Power
and. the Sharpley Engines.
BAIRD'S
FOR PRACTICAL Mffl.
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTI-
CAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 8vo., will be
sent free of postage, to any one who will favor me with
hiB address. HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
16p Philadelphia.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Scientific Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
5RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OP WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Phess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OP IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific- Press, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3m P. PIEDLEE, New Almaden, Cal
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
BETHESDA MINEE AL~ S PRING WATER,
OF "Waulceslia, Wisoonsia.
We claim Bethesda to be a specific in all cases of Diabetes Inflammation of the Kidneys, Inflate mation of
the Neck of the Bladder and Urethra, Inflammation of the Bladder, Dropsy, Gouty Swellings, Stoppage of Urine,
Albumenuria, Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Dust Deposit; Thick, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine,
with Bono Dust Deposits; Burning Sensation with Sharp Fains when voiding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys,
Pain in the Kidneys and Loins, Torpid Liver, Indigestion, Calculus, and Female Weakness.
There is no remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases as effectually as Bethesda
Water. This fact has been demonstrated wherever the water has been used according to directions, which can
be had at the General Agents' by application to them. The water is sweet and pleasant to the taste. It can be
drank at all hours. Why should any one suffer while thiB Water is so easily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fb27-eow-bp-8m 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN PBANCISCO.
N. W. SPAULDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANUFACTTJ-RKE OP
Patent Tooth Circular Saws,
They have provod to be the most i I n able and economl
col Sawn in the Woi .d.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect:
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills,
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT KOTIOK
At the loweat Market Prices.
PATENT
ELASTIC PEN-HOLDER.
This Holder is furnished with a pairof elastic rubber
air-cushions, which render a Bteel pen as flexible as the
old-time goose quill pen.
Provide an easy hold, that doeB not cramp or tire the
Protect the fingers and desk from ink stainB.
The fingers acquire a delicate touch that enables ft
person to obtain a beautiful hand-writing.
The elasticity of the pen can be adjusted to suit any
hand, by simply sliding the pen up or down.
ifcs^Sent by mail, on receipt of Seventy-Five Cents
JOHN S. ORNDOBFF,
Money Order Clerk,
Feb 13-lm-bp. Virginia, Nev,
GIANT POWDEE.
Patented May 26, 1868.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDEB, NO. 1,
For bard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, NO. S,
For medium and seamy Koch, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE uBe saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
•y The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3m!6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
WANTED— By a graduate of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, who has had practical experi-
ence, the situation of Chemist or Assayer, or a position
as'Assistant in a Mine or Smelting Works. References
given If required. Address, O. B. STAFFORD,
Toledo, Ohio.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all Bizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. ' Also, Quartz '
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting, j
Iron Tanks, etc. For Bale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
A. WELDOK'S PATENT
Low-Water Alarm Gauge,
ggSg£j=g For STEAM BOILEES of Every Description
THE SUREST,
CHEAPEST,
SIMPLEST, and
BEST IN EXISTENCE-
Price, ' - - ^40
With Glass Water-Gauge Complete, $50.
A. POTTER, Sole Agent,
233 Mission Street, San Francisco
■
of Mining, Popular #
BY DKWKY At CO.
.-.. enl Sulloltora.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. MARCH 6, 1875.
VOLUME XJX3L
Pfumber lO.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
>-<>. IS.
1
Mechanical Appliances.
Sluice boxes are the highways upon which
hydraulic mining is carried on, and their
greater or less efficiency has an influence upon
this businesslike that of the establisho ent of
railroads or common wagon roads upon gen-
eral commerce.
Just as, by the cheapening of carriage, rail
roads open coal fields, grain producing regions,
etc., to the markets of the world and to a brisk ' sluices,
commerce, where common wagon roads
would hardly sustain a weak home trade,
so well adapted sluice boxes will render
inferior gravel deposits "paying institu-
tions," while, per contra, rich gravel de-
posits, without proper facilities for the
£ lacing of sluice boxes, are worked at a
ss.
The great requirement is sufficient grade,
and a careful survey should always be
made before tbo sluices are put in place,
80 that the existing fall or grade can be
husbanded to the best advantage for the
establishment of under-current s, drops,
grizzlies, etc.
Hydraulic mines are worked with as
Uttlegrade as three inches and as high
as nine inches per 12 feet. In the first
case abundant HQd cheap water generally
makes up in some degree for the want of
grade; in the second case a very high
rade must make up for the limited sup-
ply of water.
Taking the above cited nasea as the ex-
tremes, we may say that six inches per
12 feet can safely be established as the
normal grade, though many important
and prosperous mines are worked with
four and a half and five inches per 12 feet.
The establishment of under-currents arj(j
drops must be kept in mind when the grade for
the sluice boxes is laid out, and it is advisable
to establish a number of under-currents on a
long liue of sluice boxes, even at the sacrifice
of some grade. For instance, sluice boxes,
with five inches grade per 12 feet, and
with a number of under-currents, are
preferable to sluice boxes of six inches
grade and without the latter.
These facts must impress once more
upon the mind of Ike miner the vital
importance of sufficient fall for the
working of a hydraulic mine, as such
a favorable condition not only insures:
First, sluice boxes over a high grade,
and, therefore, able to carry immense
quantities of gravel, etc. ; Second, under
currents, or large flat boxes, from 10
to 20 feet wide and from 30 to 50 feet
long, provided through their whole ex-
tent with riffle-;, to catch gold or amal-
gam; Third, a grizzly, or an iron grating,
placed in Buch position as to throw down
an embankment or precipice large rocks which
. have been carried in the sluice boxes, and permit
the smaller rooks and gravel to fall through the
grating into a continuation of sluice boxes; but
admits also any additional improvement, such
as undoubtedly the future has in store for hy-
draulic mining.
The size of the sluice boxes must necessarily
depend on the work they will have to perform,
and may vary from four feet in widtn to six
feet.
Supposing that a tunnel has opened the mine
for work, of dimensions large enough to admit
of sluice boxes six feet in width, and from 36
'inches to 40 inches high, a grade or route will
have to be prepared outside of the tunnel to re-
ceive two lines of sluice-boxes of the same
width and hight. Both these lines of sluice
-boxes must be connected with the boxes placed
in the tunnel, and provided with strong gates,
'So as to cut-off this connection at will.
compared with the outside lines of sluices, and
since, moreover, the pavement, or riffles, iu the
tunnel sluice consist of blocks or sets of scant-
lings, which are fur more easily removed and
replaced than the stone pavement, which usu-
ally forms the bottom of the outside sluices.
After the grading is done, according to the
fall at disposal, sills are laid across the
track four feet apart. These sills ouqht to be
four by six inches, and, for a double sluice,
about 15 feet long, so as to project on each side
of the flume or sluice, to receive posts and
braces. The posts are made of four by five
inch scantlings, and either 3G or 40 inches long,
according to the hight of the Bides of the
The braces are made of one and a half
An Improved Quicksilver Strainer.
The invention which is illustrated by the ac-
companying engravings, is intended to do
away with all handling of mercury after it has
been strained from amalgam, and to obtain it
clear, bright and ready for the next charge in
the pans immediately on its being strained
from the amalgam sack. Heretofore, the
quicksilver when strained from the amalgam
sack was received in a tub, together with dirty
water, fine pulp and greasy matter, and these
impurities were removed from the surface
H. H. CAKE'S PATENT aTJICKSILVER STRAINER. fflB
by six inch lumber, and the sides and bottom
of the sluice of one and'a half inch plank. A
piece of board eight inches wide, nailed from
post to post flush with the inside of the sluice,
not only gives strength to the whole structure,
but may also serve as a gangway.
of the quicksilver by means of a sponge before
using the quicksilver for amalgamating the
next charge in the pans. This sponging is
objectionable, as particles and globules of fine
flowery quicksilver adbere to the spongeaud to
the hands of the operator so that the process
SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF STRAINER.
Whenever a curve occurs in the sluice, the
larger bend, or outside, ought to be raised from
one half inch to one inch, according to the de-
gree of the curve. This will check the force of
the current toward the outside curve and dis-
tribute the flowing matter evenly over the
whole bottom of the flume, preventing the
wearing of a deeper channel in the pavement
on the outside curve.
The pavement of the sluices should be made
of hard, flat stone; schist-rock or mica slate is
excellent for the purpose. These stones must
be placed edgeways, with a gentle slant from
their base down the stream, forming a uniform
thickness of 10 or 12 inches.
Condensed from an article by Charles Walcteyer, of
the last Annual Report of the U. 3. Ooinmisaioner of
Mining Statistics.
■arrangement permits the use of the sluice
boxes outside of the tunnel alternately, and the
■"clean up" of one line of boxes without inter-
ruption of the work in the mine. However,
when the boxes in the tunnel are cleaned up,
■the washing in the mine must stop till this is
•done and till the blocks or riffles are replaced.
A. day is generally sufficient for this work, since
■the tunnels, with a few exceptions, are short,
Winnemucca claims the distinction of being
This the only place in the State of Nevada that ships
bullion lrom the ores of the district, barley
raised in the adjacent valleys, flour made from
wheat grown in those valleys, and beef and
wool from the herds and flocks which fatten on
the extensive pasturage which surrounds it.
The California Borax company are putting
up another furnace at the Sulphur Bank mine
in Lake county.
is attended by more or les3 loss of the quick-
silver.
The strainer will be understood by referring
to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a
perspective view and Figure 2 is a sectional ele-
vation. A, represants a tub into which the
quicksilver to be racked off is received from
the amalgam sack and which is intended to take
the place of the usual tub employed for this
purpose. To one side of tub is secured a spout,
B. The bottom of the spout, B, should be on
a level with the bottom of the tub and a small
orifice or opening, C, is made through the side
of the tub on a level with both bottoms. This
orifice is made as wide as the spout and quite
narrow. Across the spout, B, are arranged
eight or more semi-partitions or riffles, B, B.
The riffles, D, extend only a short distance up-
ward from the bottom of the spout, their lower
edges being fitted closely against the bottom
while the partitions, E, which alternate with
the partitions JD, extend from the top to within
a short distance of the bottom of the spout, so
as to leave a narrow space between them.
It will thus be seen that the quicksilver
which enters the spout through the slot or ori-
fice, Ct will be compelled to pass alternately
over the partitions, .D, and under the partitions,
E, in order to flow through the spout. As
many partitions or ri tiles may be used as desired.
A false bottom, F, the upper surface of
which inclines toward the orifice, C, is placed
n the bottom of the tub, A, so as to carry the
quicksilver to the orifice and direct into the
pout. It also serves to take the place of
quicksilver and keeps as small a quantity idle
{in the tub as possible.
Before using the strainer it is necessary to fill
the bottom of the tub with one dipperfull of
jlean quicksilver, sufficient to cover the slot or
orifice C. The quicksilver may then be drawn
off from the cup of the settler and allowed to
drain itself through the sacJc, which should be
made of light ducking so as to obviate the ne-
cessity of squeezing the sack as is usually
Vlone, and which is always attended with some
loss of quioksilver. The straining may be
assisted by means ol a wooden stuff to
press down the amalgam in the sack. As
soon as the quicksilver rises to the hight
of one inch in the center of the tub. it
will flow over and under the filtering riffles
and pass out at the end of the spout B, into
a tub half filled with clean water, which is
placed to receive the strained quicksilver.
The quicksilver will flow out of the Bpout
clean, bright and perfectly free from dirt
and greasy matter. In the tub will be
lound dirty water, together with a blue
soapy mud and fine particles of floured
quicksilver. The strainer may be cleaned
at the end of a month, the dirty contents
emptied into a tub, the water Btrained off
and the residue dried in the sun. As it
dries globules of mercury will amalgamate
to a certain extent so that they may be
strained off. The residue or blue mass
remaining is found to contain 54 per cent,
of mercury which can be restored by
retorting.
When the strainer is at work the cover,
i7, of the spout B is kept closed in order
to prevent dirt from falling into the riffles.
The machine is not to be moved except
for the purpose of cleaning it. The amal-
gamator should be careful to keep the orifices
or passages clear when the machine i-i at work
and this can be done with a suitable pick, Q.
The advantages claimed by the inventor of
this straiuer are as follows: 1st, That it re-
quires no handling or sponging the surface of
tbe quicksilver, thus saving the cost
usually attending such operation.
2d, That it saves lime and labor, as the
quicksilver is ready cleaned for the next
charge in the pans immediately on its
passing from the strainer.
33, That the quick-diver is clean,
bright and free from all mud, greasy
matter or blue mass.
4th, That the quicksilver being clean
and lively, better amalgamation takes
place in the pans, and the ores can be
worked to a higher per centage, which
after repeated experiments is found to
be from one to four per cent., according
to the grade of ore worked.
5th, That a large proportion of blue
mass or fine floury quicksilver is saved
from passing away with the tailings, and which
can be restored by retorting.
6th, It will also be found advantageous to
pass all retorted quicksilver through thestrainer
before using it for amalgamation, to clean it
from all dirt and greasy matter that may have
passed off the amalgam in retorting.
The machine is the invention of Mr. H. H.
Oakes, of Mineral Hill, Elko county, Nevada.
We made reference to the strainer in Septem-
ber, 1874, before the patent was obtained. At
that time Mr. Oakes informed us that after
running quicksilver through the strainer at bis
mill for two weeks, he cleaned up and found
nine pounds of very good floured quicksilver,
of a blueish color. This was dried in the sun
and on being properly manipulated, eight
pounds of quicksilver were obtained. The re-
maining pound was a heavy kind of blue mud
familiar to most millmen. The State Assayer
analyzed this pound of blue stuff and it was
found to contain fifty-four per-cent of quick-
silver. 'This machine can be made cheap
enough to be within the reach of any miner, an
will do for an arastra as well as a SO^tamp
mill, being an independent appliance.
A company of Vallejo capitalists are now
mining for chrome on Cathay's ra»ch in Coon
valley.
146
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 6, 187S
CORRESPONDENCE.
Solano County Mines—The St. John.
Editors Peess:— Yes, it is a fact, that the Oat
Hills of Solano have a wealth of quicksilver
hidden beneath the soil, and in some places not
so perfectly hidden but that the wayfaring man
may often see ita outcrop or its float. A short
visit at the St. John's quicksilver mine a few
days since confirmed me in the belief that the
bright, nimble metal, named after the swift
messenger of the god's, exists in paying quan-
tities in this as well as in the neighboring coun-
ties of Napa, Lake and Sonoma.
Through the kindness of the Superintendent,
Mr. John Neate, and his clerk, Mr. Moran-, I
was favored with a few facts and items. The
St. John mines are situated five miles from
Vallejo, at an elevation of twelve hundred feet
above tide water. The communication to
railroad or steamer is by excellent wagon road,
and the whole distance from San Francisco
only thirty-five miles.
The mines are prospected (as it cannot yet
be said worked) by twelve different tunnels,
in different parts of their location, and all of
them in ore. Now, also running a main drain
and working tunnel five and a half feet bottom,
four feet eight inches at top and seven and one
half feet high, perfectly timbered with sawed
lumber. This tunnel, a fair specimen of good
workmanship, is now in one thousand feet, but
has not reached the lode. The various neces-
sary buildings so far erected show evidence of
an economic principle of procedure, very
worthy of imitation in other mining compan-
ies. Yet, in the erection of their reduction
works, there seems to be no sacrifice of effi-
ciency for any seeming temporary economy.
They use the Neate furnace invented by the
Superintendent, who has filed caveat for pa-
tent, and will, no doubt, furnish you a proper
description of the same in short time, as I
could do it no justice in the limits of this letter.
Xhe small model now working has a capacity
of six tons per day and gives perfect satisfac-
tion. The fuel used is coke, charged with the
ore, forty pounds of coke being ample for a
ton of ore; thus making the fuel expense not
over twenty-five cents per ton of ore. The
greatest yearly yield of the mine has been
1,700 flasks (76% lbs. each). The highest per
month 425 flasks.
The greatest depth of shaft 125 feet perpen-
dicular. One incline has a length of 225 feet.
The north part of the mine shows a clay slate,
and the south sand stone and quartzite. On
the dump 500 tons ore and 250 tons tierras or
fine ore. At present only working about 60
men, but when running all parts of the mine
will require 80 or 90 men. Pay their hands in
cash and they trade where they choose, no
goods or liquors being sold on or near the
mines, the latter a feature worthy of the high-
est commendation, as promotive of the best in-
terests of all parties at or interested in the suc-
cess of the enterprise.
Other mines are being located and opened in
the vicinity for several miles around. About
three miles from Vallejo Mr. C. Carrington has
run a prospect tunnel (on his own farm) 200
feet into very fine mineral prospect, both for
mercury and more precious metals. A few
years may open up vast fields for mining in-
r dustries and science, right here in the midst of
the now counties. O.
Vallejo, Feb. 25, 1875.
buses being the means of communication for
travelers.
Those residing in the other colonies say that
we in Victoria are more after the American pat-
tern, than they are, meaning, I believe, that
there is more bustle and more of the go-ahead-
ism, which is commonly attribted to your
countrymen than in any of the other colonies.
One British literary genius said that we had
any amount of "blow" about us and perhaps
in this respect we are more like you; I leave you
to judge. One gentleman, however, who had
resided amongst you for nearly twenty years,
told me that he found Melbourne a compara-
tively slow place, that there was not that tre-
mendous strain to get ahead that there was in
San Francisco, and that he thought it was
muoh easier to make money here than there.
I have been a little surprised, however, about
one thing in connection with your inventive
geniuses, and that is that they don't make
more frequent use of the patent laws of these
colonies. It is true that by reason of the in-
dependency of each colony it becomes a some-
what expensive thing to patent an invention
in all of them, but still in some cases it would
pay, and in others it would answer to patent
iu two or three of the principal ones. An effi-
cient reaper and binder would pay to patent in
all of the colonies, so would an invention for
preserving raw meat, or for benefitting those
engaged in wool growing, whilst any really
good invention which would beneficially affect
the gold mining industries might be advan-
tageously protected in some three or four of
them.
A Victorian colonist recently introduced Mr.
Dana's sheep and cattle tags; patented it in all
of the colonies, and is likely to do well out of
it. Some six months before him another gen-
tleman introduced an earth excavator from
America which was far superior to anything
we had here. This also was patented for the
colonies, and promises to be very remunera-
tive. So also with the Wheeler amalgamating
pans, known here as "Brown & Mansfield's."
and so also with many other inventions which
I canDot ju^t now remember. Ten times as
many British inventions are patented in the
colonies as American ones, and yet it is noto-
rious that the faculty is not nearly so largely
developed in them as in your countrymen.
As your space is valuable, and this letter has
already reached an iaordmate length, I will
conclude by expressing a hope that Australians
and Californiann will soon learn to understand
and appreciate each other, and the wants and
resources of their several countries, better than
they do now. Yours, etc., E. "W,
Australian Colonies— American Patents.
Editobs Pbess : — As is frequently the case that
persons coming to or traveling between these
colonies use the name of the capital cities
instead of the name of the respective colonies
I think it desirable to make|onetor two trite re-
marks in addition to those contained in my for-
mer letter. First, Melbourne is the capital of
Victoria; Sydney is the capital of New South
Wales; Wellington, of New Zealand; Adelaide.
of South Australia; Brisbane, of Queensland
and Hobart Town, of Tasmania. Iu each of
these cases the capital is by far the most popu*
Ions and important city with the exception of
Wellington, which has an ancient and formid-
able rival in Auckland, and Hobart Town
which is left in the lurch by Launceston. I
have been told by a recent emigrant from your
city that people were apt to laugh at him if he
told them that Melbourne was as large and as
well built as it, yet I believe it is quite true;
indeed my informant says that Melbourne is
much the more substantially built of the two,
inasmuch as the old wooden erections of the
former days have, to a very great extent, disap-
penred before the more substantial brick and
stou*. Its population too, including the sub-
urbs, ainouuts to nearly 200,000. As a rule its
streets are straight and wide, which, for some
some 6, 7, or 8 miles round about it, in every
direction are the residences of most of its pop-
ulation, the better class, of course, living at
the greater distances, railways, cars and omni-
Mining in Montana.
Editors Pbess: — We are about completely
snowed in. The weather so far has been ex-
tremely cold. The great body of snow which
has fallen, however, will be of immense value
to the miuing interests. Times are rather dull
at present, but the majority of our people are
of good cheer, expecting a bright future, and
anticipation is certainly a source of great re-
lief. A new impetus was given to quartz min-
ing by the new law. Those that believe in dig"
ging to find a mine, can now go to work and
know, Bhould they discover one, whether it is
their own or not.
We have several serious drawbacks still-
want of sure and cheap means of transportation
is the greatest; want of competent machinery
and competent men to run the same. There is
no question about there being good ore and
plenty of it, but mine owners have very exalted
ideas as to the worth ©f their ores, and are loth
to sell at a price that would justify purchasers
to buy and ship to Europe. There is plenty of
ore that is not high grade enough to ship at all,
if there was the proper works here to work
these low grade ores, or even concentrators.
The bullion product would soon be large, as
nothing now but exceedingly rich ore will pay
to work. The shipping season is very short,
a large amount of ore shipped last fall being
scattered along down the river,' and cannot be
removed till spring.
There is a great deal of talk about concentra-
tors, mills and furnaces that are going to be put
up. Several one-horse arrangements of each
kind have already been put up, but succeeded
in malting a signal failure. All acknowledge
that there is silver and gold enough per ton to
pay if it could be saved, and proper tests show
this to be the fact.
I will now give you a few items from this
place and vicinity. The McDaniel company
at Bed mountain, eight miles distant, are doing
considerable work on their lodes this winter.
They have several lodes near together, which
show exceedingly well on the surface and as far
down as they have gone. Among the number
is the National Bank, Sallie Bell and Wanderer.
About 150 tons are on the dumps. Average per
ton of first class ore, silver, $75; lead, 80 per
cent.; second class, silver, $60; lead, 50 per
cent.
The National mining company at TTnionville
are working a full force of men. Mill constant-
ly running, working about thirty-five tons per
day. Their splendid new tramway from mine
to mill is nearly finished. The company will
soon put to work four Burleigh drills lately
arrived.
The Columbia company on the Park are driv-
ing a new tunnel. Superintendent Tatern says
he is going for it deep. The company last sum-
mer purchased all the Park lode as far as dis-
covered , paying the different owners twenty
thousand dollars.
The Harvey mill at the Park is running on
rock from the Caroline lode discovered last
summer about seven hundred feet south of the
Park, it is owned by Harvey, McNiel and
Hall. Harvey and McNiel have relocated the
Fannie Hill and commenced work, in the old
tunnel run by Jim Witlatch. Rock from the
Caroline so far has paid very well. The results
of the crushing from the Fannie Hill is not
yet made known.
The old Whitlach milt is idle. Judge Turn-
ley's mill is no more. Quite a number of
small seams of quartz are being worked, but
don't amount to much. Seabbow.
Unionville, Montana, Feb. 9th.
Printing and Block Making.
New Manufacturing Enterprises for California.
Editojrs Press: — Some t ime ago, in one of
the San Francisco papers, I noticed an article
on "Oil-Cloth Printing," and tint the blocks
were made here. The incident recalls the
printing days of the long ago, when the calicos
and shawls were all printed by hand, requiring
a large number of skilled mechanics to cut the
patterns on blocks, and a seven years' appren-
ticeship to learn the business; a few small fig-
ures1 were engraved on copper rollers and
printed by machinery. The engraving part
was also accomplished by hand, requiring a
steady hand and bright eye, and few really at-
tained the distinction of being good workmen
Designers were another class engaged at print
works, designing new patterns and preparing
those accepted for the cutter and engraver.
Skilled mechanics engaged at the above occu-
pations received compensation remunerative
for t-er vices, which iu time established trades
Unions, compelling owners of factories to com-
ply with terms which at this late day seem to
have been very unreasonable. My own expe-
rience leads me to the conclut-ion that nothing
but disaster follows sooner or later all compul-
sory measures adopted between those who hire
help and the hired. Printing by hand and
block cutting are almost things of the past, and
soon will not be known outside of the pages
of history. When in its glory no happier peo-
ple existed. Good wages were obtained, and
as freely spent, and it is with a sigh we part
from the long ago, when calico printing by
hand was the light which brightened many a
fireside. With the fall of hand printing, block
cutting also fell. A remnant of the old glory still
finds employment in house paper establish-
ments and oilcloth carpet works. But as the
businesses a dying oue few will care to learn
the trade. The present skilled workmen will
carry with them the secrets of the past, and
machinery remain master of the situation.
Engraving
Is now performed by girls and boys. Acids and
etching serving as the steady hand and en-
graver. Calicos and delaines are now printed
with a speed and accuracy truly astonishing to
behold; and so is house paper, but the house
paper pattern has still to be cut on rollers, by
hand, giving employment to the block makers
of the past.
As oilcloth printing has been established in
San Francisco, why should paper printing not
follow? If one can be successfully followed,
so might the other, also. If no other induce-
ment, the large freight bills of themselves
would give a large profit. If calicos are ever
printed in California, those engaged will reap a
rich reward from the same cause.
Delaines
Would be a profitable investment— cotton and
wool supplied at home, and a good market for
the goods when finished. Skilled workmen
could be easily obtained if capitalists would
only inaugurate the movement, giving employ-
ment to those who are fitted for sucb occupa-
tion, and retaining capital at home instead of
enriching France, England, or Rhode Island.
John Tayloe.
Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 25, 18T5.
Asbestos.— Robert Stewart, R. Hipkins and
Philip Leiby, of this county, recently located
claims on an asbestos lode or deposit, about
four miles east of Copperopolis, in Calaveras
county. The discovery was originally made
by Mr Leiby, several years ago, while pros-
pecting for coppt-r, and not, perhaps, being
familiar with the mineral, nothing was done
with the discovery. We learn the lede or vein
of asbestos ia about three feet in thickness,
with a smaller vein running parallel with the
main one. These veins appear to have gone
as deep as the shaft was sunk — 60 feet — and
how much deeper they may continue as a mat-
ter of course is unknown. We have several
large pieces from the mine iu the office which
looks very well. The fibers are very fine, and
the mass a very pure white. The deposit
seems to be extensive, and a very large supply
can be furnished from the mine. This we
think is the largest discovery of this mineral
yet made in the State. — Amador Ledger.
Tests of the Haskin's Engine.
An eight horse-power (so rated) semi-port-
able engine, built by the Haskin's Machine
Company, of Fitchburg, has recently been
pumping an average of 4,000 gallons of water
per minute from 15 to 20 feet high, with a total
consumption of about 1,200 pounds of coal
every 24 hours. The work alleged to have been
accomplished is so remarkable that we give the
details, which are furnished by a correspon-
dent of the Technologist. Different engines of
this class may be seen iu this city at Parke &
Lacy, No. 310 California street.
"The boiler is of the common vertical tubu-
lar type, and contains about 120 square feet of
heating surface. The smoke-stack 18 feet high,
and the exhaust passes through the feed water
heater into the smokestack.
"The engine is of the vertical or inverted
cylinder style. Cylinder 6>£ inches diameter,
7 inches stroke — with Davis" patent piston
valves and case — the peculiar construction of
which case amounts almost to a steam jacket
for the cylinder; common eccentric valve mo-
tion; valves adjusted so that the steam follows
about two-thirds of the stroke; Waters' gover-
nor, the belt of which was thrown off, leaving
the valve wide open, so that the engine was
regulated by the throttle; feed pump worked by
an eccentric or engine shaft; coil heater, the
feed water passing through a tube enclosed in a
vertical cylinder through which the exhaust
steam passes on its way to the smokestack.
"The pump was one of Perry's 8-inch hori-
zontal centrifugal, and was used to drain a
ditch which was about a mile long. The
water was run out of a box ditch about 500 feet
long — and the quantity was measured as accu-
rately as possible, the results recorded being
the means of very many trials, as the contrac-
tors were paid for the number of gallons dis-
charged, and were paid by these measurements.
" The fuel was a mixture of Cumberland and
Cannel coals, and is all the coal that was bought
for the engine and charged to it, the weights
being taken from the weigher's tickets, and the
gross average amount being 1,461 lbs. per day.
"The steam varies from 100 to 125 lbs. pres-
sure per square inch; engine running from 200
to 3G0 revolutions per minute, a« the occasion
demanded, and after running two months night
and day steadily, without repairs of any kind,
was reported apparently in as good order us
when first started.
"Using Molesworth's formula for pumping
engines, we find 4,000 ga'lons of watfr per
minute X 60 minutes X 24 bouts X 17/i fog
— a fair average — that the result equals 100,-
800 000 gallons raised one foot high in 24 hour*.
Dividing by 4.752,000, we find that it requires,
21.2-horse power to do the work. Allowing 10
per cent for waste, ashes, etc., (which were not
weighed) we have 1,467—146=1,315 pounds of
coal for 24 hours, and average of 54.7 poundH
per hour — so that they obtained a horse-power
with the expenditure of very little more than
2.5 pounds of coal per hour. Even charging
all the coal, with no allowance for refuse,
the result is under 3 pounds of coal per horse
power per hour — which results very few first-
class engines of large calibre can or do excel.
"This report is verified by the contractor,
the foreman, and the civil engineer in charge
of the work, and for this class of work presents
the best results of which we have a reliable
record — the vertical boiler being regarded as
anything but the most economical form. This
shows conclusively what can be done by good
proportions, good workmanship and good man-
agement, and we think it worthy of being re-
coided."
Mining at Grass Valley.
The present winter has been a favorable one
for quartz mining, and we believe all the mines
of that character have been and are doing well.
There has been considerable misgivings in re-
gard to hydraulic mining. There has consid-
erable water fell during the wintoj'— the aver-
age amount, we believe; but the heft of it came
at the time of the heavy storm, and went in a
flood down to the lower country. But little
snow has been deposited in the mountains, all
of which has been regarded as unfavorable to
a succesful mining season by most people. In
a conversation with J. E. Brown, agent of the
South Yuba Canal Co,, we learn that he con-
siders the season a very good one; in fact, that
it will equal last year, when a much greater
rainfall was had. At that time the months of
February and March were cold, and flumes and
ditches were frozen up, and but little mining
was done. This winter has been more favor-*
able, and the company has been selling as
much water part of the time as they do in sum-
mer. Mr. Brown thinks the time gained in
this manner will more than equal the length of
time which would be shortened in consequence
of a less rainfall. The time that the company
have to let in water to their ditches from theii
reservoirs usually averages from ten to twenty-
flve days. That is to say, a dry winter makes
the mining season so much shorter. As more
than that time has been gained the present
winter on account of the weather being favor-
able for work, Mr. Brown thinks the present
season will be a very good one. The agricul-
tural interests never looked better; so, take ii
all together, the year will be a prosperous ont
for the State at large.— Foothill Tidings.
u
arch 6, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
]47
Rivets on Iron Ships— Something New.
H Wm. Falliser writes: 1 know with absolute
:»■ rtaiuty that the rivets with which the plates
Ipf iron ships are fastened together are utterly
[worthless when subjected to an impulsive strain,
[touch as would be caused by a heavy mass like
L boat being dashed with violence against the
kde of an iron Bhip. Under a strain of this na-
ture rivet-heads become as brittle as glass. I
lave previously pointed out this fact, but the
Eotiwer has been that no proof of the failure of
met-heada iu whips at sea has hitherto heen
nbt&ined. I will mention one experiment which
» Incurred at Shoeburyuess Home years ago in
(■root of my contention. On this occasion a
>-■- ulutr structure was built up with cast iron
Ikohd cylinder*, laid horizontally in tiers upon
ftach other. The face of that structure was
■overrd with mi iron plate similar to those used
Ejn ship-buitdiug. The iron face was fastened
fto a frame by means of a row of rivets round
ts edges, just as the plates of a ship are rivet-
id together. At the first shot, the whole of the
ivets, to the number of many dozens, were
iroken, just like a row of postage stamps; and
may state, that I felt quite certain beforehand
jut such would be the cose, judging by the
ray ihat rivets had invariably snapped in other
tructures under similar circumstauces. Now
he strain on those rivets, although impulsive,
'as comparatively not very violent, and had
he plato been fastened with short screw baUs,
educed in the Bhank to the 1* sser diameter of
he screwed part, not a Bingle bolt would have
>een broken. Could it be proved that, owing
o the breakage of rivets, the plates of the La
Jhtte separated and let in the sea, and, further,
hat the rivet* were broken by the blows struck
>y the boats against her sidt-s, it would follow
h«t all iron ships are liable to a similar danger,
.ml the hitherto unexplained loss at sea of
aany iron ships would be at once accounted
or. Several years elapsed before I succeeded
establishing to the satisfaction of others the
anse of the breaking of ordinary armor bolts,
,nd I am certain that the same tendency to
nap exists in a far higher degree in the ordiu
rivet.
Lkatiieb Boakd rou Koof CovKBtNG. — The
application of board made of leather fymgH
for covering roofs is steadily on the increase,
aays an exchange, especially since it has been
found practicable to impart to the material the
required durability, imperviousuess and its situ
qua nan, a great resistance against the con-
stantly changing influences of the atmosphere.
Only by changing th« mode of manufacture
these properties could have been secured. Ac-
cording to the German edition of Engineering.
the board formerly used for covering iu roofs
was a spongy, easily compressed mass, which
received a single cout of tar, and which had
the great fault of softening, and consequeutly
losing its consistency iu damp atmosphere.
This has lately been superceded by a product
manufactured by P. Debfeui aud others of
fibrous matters, possessing a great substance,
Such us leather, and which are in the process
of manufacture impregnated with au oleagin-
ous chemical composition, imparting to the
material when cut into sheets like paper aud
dried, the appearance of real leather. This
system of covering in roofs offers considerable
advantages especially from au economical point
of view. The new rooting board is said to be
very light, and consequently, as no other mate-
rial, suitable for slight constructions.
DisTBtBtrnoH of Steam. — M. A. Van Waey-
nberch has invented a new arrangement for
preventing the dangerous irregularities which
recur in steam cylinders; he adopts two or
aore escapee c*nA aota nt' slides, ptaood on lif-
erent sides of the cylinder, and so arranged
hat they are all connected with the extremity
i the cylinder by the same passage. He ad-
nits the steam aud governs its introduction
irectly by the regulator according to the
rork to be done. With thiB object the arbor of
he levers which command the valve slides
Drms part of a sliding sector which is fur-
Jsbed with clickwork, rendering it at any deter-
mined moment independent of the slides and
ransmission rods. When this occurs, the
..team-way, which was open, closes instantani-
Lusly, and the inlet, being suppressed, the
[team acts by expansion in the cylinder until
Ihe piston has reached the end of its stroke.
the discharge port then opens, and the steam
passes into another cylinder, into the con-
Uenser, or into the air, according to the circum-
stances of the case.
J Bells and Aoe. — A fiddle improves by age
jknd use; a piano does not, neither does a bell.
inhere is, perhaps, a slight improvement for the
irst few years, but afterwards the quality dete-
Iriorates. Metal we know, is altered by re-
peated and long continued hammering. Thump
L piece of iron, and you change the quality of
its magnetism; the shock of the waves modifies
I Ihe magnetism of an iron ship; and some of
I ihe music is knocked out of a bell by long con-
ijinued use of the clapper. A peculiar effect is
noticed in the bell of Cripplegate church when
ft strikes twelve. The first two or three strokes
are distinct and clear, then a discord begins,
I Which accumulates with every stroke, until with
Ihe eleventh aud twelfth a complete double
[pound is produced. — Chamber's Journal.
] A Eailboad on Ice. — A Duluth paper pro-
poses a railroad on ice from Duluth to the
Bault — the whole length of lake Superior. It
claims that all that is necessary is to spike the
Siils to the ice, without grading, filling, excava-
ing, ballasting, or ties. The track, it says,
!ould be taken up every spring and stowed
way. The road would be about 400 miles
long, anda dead level. The ice lasts till April;
js thick enough to sustain a train of cars; the
freight cars could be transferred to the ice
without reloading, and the rails could either be
spiked to the ice or they could be fastened in a
Frame and laid on the ice without spikes.
| Ibon Bbtdges. — The first iron bridge ever
built was constructed at the Colebrookdale Iron
works, England, by Abraham Darby, and was
preoted across the Severn, near Colebrookdale,
in 1778. It is of hundred and twenty feet span,
knd although it has been in constant use from
(that day to this, it is in as good condition now
is ninety-seven years ago. Thomas Gregory
ierved his apprenticeship as a draughtsman and
* pattern maker, and when his time was up he
was engaged by Darby as foreman of his shop,
aud the iron bridge of Colebrookdale is one of
Gregory's productions.
Relative Stbenqth of Solid and Hollow
Iron Columns.— The quantity of irou in solid
columns of strength and hight necessary for
carryiug the floors of ordinary 'warehouses and
workshops is fully 50 pet cent, greater than
that which would suffice to cast hollow columns
of similar strength and hight. Thus a solid
column of cast iron, four inches in diameter,
weighing 40 pounds per lineal foot, has only
the same amount of strength as a hollow col-
umu five inches iu external diameter aud 0 10
inches in thickness, weighing 29 pounds per
liueal foot, when the hight is nine feet; and a
solid column 12 feet in hight, seven Inches in
diameter, weighing 122.4 pounds per lineal foot,
is only of equal strength with a hollow column
of similar hight, having au external diameter
of nine inches, a thickness of one inch, and
weighing 80 pounds per lineal foot. The late
Eaton Hodgkinson ascertained that within cer-
tain limits the strength of columns is as the
3-6th power of the diameter in inches, and uni-
versally as the l'7th power of the length or
hight of the coluinu. The formulas for calcula-
ting the strength of the columns of cast iron,
both Bolid and hollow, and of any proportion
of length to diameter, is given in the second
part of Tredgold's "Practical Essay on the
Strength of Cast Irou and other Metals."
SCIENTIFIC ft?ROCRESS.
Steel Bronzk. — The Vienna correspondent
of the Times furnishes the following notice of
Major-General TJchatius' " steel bronze."
Above 1,000 shots have been fired with in-
creased charges from a gun ma le of this bronze
composition without the least detoriatioo beiDg
visible. The grooves, which are the first to
suffer with bronze guns, are as perfect as they
were on the first day. Hitherto the experi-
ments have beeu made with the common pro-:
jectile in use with the present bronze gun.
The experiments are to be continued with
closely adjusted projectiles, a battery will be
formed in the arsenal to lest the range and pre-
cision as well as the adaptability of the new
composition for breech-loaders. If found equal
in all these respects to steel guns, the steel
bronze guns will have the advantage of being
lighter, and consequently superior for handling
and manceuveriug in heavy ground, which will
be a great source of saving; for it is calculated
that the present bronze gun might be trans-
formed at about one-fourth of the cost which a
change to steel guns would entail. It would,
too, be much cheaper, for the worn-out guns
might be recast, instead, as with steel guns, of
being sold for old iron.
Elevated Katlboads. — In the report recently
made by the American Society of Civil Engi-
neers, upon the various plans recommended for
rapid transit in New York, underground rail-
roads are regarded as out of the question, and
the plan of elevated railroads is favored. Even
the imperfect road of this character already
built on Greenwich street has done something
to shorten the distance out of the city, and to
bring its northern and southern extremes nearer
together. But it is considered a very imperfect
and unsafe affair. The Committee of Engi-
neers demonstrate by figures that such a road
can be built so as to be safe, meet all the wants
of rapid transit, and return a fair interest on
the cost. The'Committee have the matter still
under discussion, and wealthy citizens are said
to be subscribing liberally, to demonstrate the
practicability of such an enterprise.
Dangeeous Boilers. — The Hartford Steam
Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company have
issued their annual report, comprising a pam-
phlet of twenty pages, from which we glean
the following: Inspection visits, during the
year, 14,368; inspections made, 29,200; defects
discovered, 14,256 — about one for every two
boilers examined; furnaces out of shape, 602;
fractured plates, 1,127; burned plates, 867;
blistered plates, 2,368; deposit of sediment and
incrustation and scale, 4,816; water gauges de-
fective, 548; defective blowout, 267; overloaded
and defective safety-valves, 343; pressure
gauges defective, 1,809; boilers without gauges,
714; deficiency of water, 78; broken braces and
stay and insufficient bracing, 665; boilers con-
demned as unfit to run, 163 — most of them
worn out.
Science vs. Spiritism.
At a meeting of the New York County Med-
ical Society, January 12, 1875, Dr. J. C. Peters
remarked at length upon the trickery of so-
called spiritual manifestations and mind-read-
ing, and in conclusion presented the following
resolution :
Resolved, That a Committee of five be ap-
pointed by the Chair, to consider, and at their
convenience report upon, the following ques-
tion s :
First — Is the state or condition of mind
known generally as the mesmeric state, a real-
ity or a deception?
Second— If it is a real physiological state,
what are the conditions necessary to its pro-
duction, aud what are the phenomena attend-
ing it?
Third— Is it a state to which one mind can
submit another, or does it depend upou some
conditions voluntarily submitted to by the in-
dividual?
Fourth — Is it possible, while in this so-called
mesmeric trance, or at any other time, or in
any other condition known to man in his mun-
dane experience, for one person to divine what
is passing in the mind of auother, except
through the medium of signs?
Fifth — Is there any 6uch faculty known to
our race as perceiving by some mysterious
secoud-sight what is transpiring in places far
beyond the reach of ordinary human vision, or
what is written on paper when an opaque ob-
ject lies between it and the person attempting
to read?
Sixth — Is there any evidence that the well-
known law of gravitation is ever overcome by
a force hitherto unrecognized by scientists?
The resolution was adopted and the follow-
ing gentlemen named as the Committee: Dr.
Ellsworth Elliott, Dr. J. C. Peters, Dr. Fordyce
Barker, Dr. Austin Flint, Sr.; Dr. A. B
Crosby.
Artificial Production of Precious Stones
An address on clay and its economic appli-
cation was delivered by Prof. T. C. Archer on
the occasion of the inaugural meeting of the
fifty-fourth session of the Royal Scottish Soci-
ety of Arts at Edinburgh.
The president commenced by a reference to
alumina and its various alloys. One of the
greatest discoveries of the present age, he said,
was the obtaining of the oxide of alumina in a
pure crystalline state. It has long been known
that the precious stones were composed of
oxide of alumina colored by other metallic
oxides; and it was a very fair inference that if
they could succeed in melting the oxide alu-
mina, there was nothing iu the world to
prevent the manufacture of emeralds, sapphires,
rubies, etc. This bad actually been accom-
plished by a Parisian chemist, and the artificial
gems were of the same hardness and density as,
aud ohemically identical with the real stones.
Beautiful stones were exhibited, after which
the professor proceeded to explain'the composi-
tion of the various kinds of clay, and to detail
the uses to which they had been put from th>
earliest periods of history.
He spoke also of the restoration of the lost
art of encaustic and mural tile making, and de-
scribed how those beautiful ceramic articles
were manufactured, and the manner in which
they were salt-glazed. The introduction of
this kind of ware iuto the building of houses
would, he said, add much to the beauty of our
architecture — the more especially as the atmos-
phere had no effect upon their coloring, as in
the case of serpentine and even granite. He
next touched on the application of salt-glazing
clay to sanitary appliances and gas retorts, and
concluded by a reference to the improvements
made of Jate years in the construction of pot-
lery-kilns, which had the effect of saving fuel to
the extent of one-third.
Interesting Expebiment. — The combusti-
bility of iron is a well known fact, but a Berlin
experimenter has demonstrated the phenome-
non in a manner peculiarly his own. He takes
a straight bar magnet of some power and
sprinkles iron filings on one of its poles.
These filings arrange themselves in accordance
with the Hues of magnetic force, and however
closely they may appear to be placed, of course
no two of the metallic filameots are parallel,
and consequently a certain portion of air is en-
closed, as iu a metallic sponge. The flame of
any ordinary spirit lamp or gas burner readily
ignites the finely divided iron, and it continues
to burn most brilliantly for a considerable
length of time, the combustion being appar-
ently as natural and easy as that of any ordin-
ary substance. If the experimenter with this
operation stands on a slight elevation and
waves the magnet to and fro while burning, a
magnificent rain of fire is said to be produced.
The Greenwich Meridian. — The French
Academy of Sciences, it is announced, are
about to consider the propriety of adopting the
meridian at Greenwich, which is already recog-
nized by the other nations of the Continent,
in lieu of that of Paris. The meridian would
touch the French soil at Tronville, and, in the
event of the Government sanctioning the
change, a column would be erected on the
spot.
Earth to Earth.
Science appears to be opposed to the ordi-
nary way of committing dust to dust. The
relation of the dead to sanitary conditions has
been again brought up by a proposal of Mr.
Seymonr Haden, to bury iu coffins of a light,
permeable material, such as wickerwork, open
at the top, and filled iu with any fragrant
plants that may be in season. A coffin such as
Mr. Haden suggests, while satisfying every
sanitary, would, be thinks, at the same time
satisfy every sentimental requirement — "a lay-
er of ferns or mosses for a bed, a bundle of
sweet herbs for a pillow, and us much as it
would still contain after the body had been
placed in it, of any aromatic or flowering plant
for a coverlet— such a covering, in short, us,
while it protected tbo body from the pressure
of the earth as effectually as the stoutest oak,
would yet not prevent its resolution." Yet a
good deal would depend on the nature of the
soil iu which interment took place. Some
soils do not possess sufficient depurative
power, while others, such as light, gravelly
ones, would allow too free a passage to the fetid
and noxious gases which arise in the first
stages of decomposition. Farther, it is almost
certain that disease germs are not destroyed, at
all events rapidly destroyed, by burial, as was
shown when the people of Miuchampton
perished in great numbers from an epidemic
which originated in the application of the rich
black earth of its churchyard as a garden com-
post. Still, where the ground is suitable there
could be no reasonable objection to the adop-
tion of this proposal, and a covering of quick-
lime might be added whtre necessary. Crema-
tion is undoubtedly the best and most effeciive
mode of disposing of the bodies of the dead in
the interests of the living, but there is an ap-
parently insurmountable prejudice to its use,
although it is the method which the early Ten-
tonic settlers — regarding their descent from
whom Englishmen are so fond of boasting —
brought with them from the wastes and forests
of the Contiueut. — Iron Age.
Spontaneous Combustion of Charcoal. —
Tie woods generally used for the production
of charcoal are those of the cornel tree, the
willow and the alder. These are all well
suited to the purpose, but the cornel tree is
used for the best kinds of sporting powder.
The wood is converted into charcoal by heating
iu cylinders of iron. When the charcoal is
drawn out of the cylinders, it is placed iu other
iron cooling vessels, fitted with air-tight doors.
It is left in these for a space of about fourteen
hours, at the end of which it is generally cool.
It is then taken to the mill to be ground, aud
afterwards to be mixed with the other ingre-
dients to make cannon powder. But a curious
phenomenon has been noticed frequently at
this stage, and which might indeed be fraught
with danger, if the operations should be
unduly accelerated. The powdered charcoal
frequently becomes hot, and has beeu known
to fire spontaneously the day after the grind-
ing. This is explained, no doubt, by the fact
that the charcoal absorbs large quantities of
oxygen into its pores by capillary attraction,
and that the condensation of the gas in the
interior is the cause of the heat, and the non-
conducting power of the charcoal the cause of
its spontaneous firing. The quantity of gas
absorbed is Increased by the hight to which
the original temperature had been raised. The
absorption also of the gas is much more rapid
in the powdered condition than in that of
sticks.
"Coogia's Comet" a Mass of Meteohs. —
During the recent appearance of Coggia's com-
et, Mr. Norman Lockyer, the English astrono-
mer, made some valuable scientific discoveries.
Every night, while the comet was visible he
was on his watch tower, using the most power-
ful telescope in England; he mapped its march
and photographed its every phase; he resolved
its fan-shaped nucleus iuto millions of shooting
meteors; and he experimented on the large
number of meteorites in the British museum —
meteorites that have fallen in every part of Eu-
rope— and found that when heated up to a cer-
tain point their spectroscopic signs were ex-
actly those of the comet. Mr. Lockyer is com-
ing to this country shortly, to confer with our
scientific men, whom he accredited with the
greatest achievements in the recent transit of
Venus.
Eclipse of the Sun.— Astronomeis, who are
yet in the midst of their labors, working out
the grand results of their observations as rela-
ted to the transit of Venus, will have another
interesting occasion presented for astronomical
research on the 5th of April, when there will
be a total eclipse of the sun. The course of
the central line of this eclipse will be princi-
pally a sea track, in which the best opportuni-
ties for marking the phenomena attending it
will be during the passage from the Nicobar
Islands, in the bay of Bengal, to Siam. The
King of Siam has heartily invited British and
other astronomers to make the observations
within his dominions, and volunteered to ex-
tend them every facility and hospitality.
Complimbntaby. — An eminent English as-
tronomer, Lockyer, said to M. D. Conway, an
American journalist in London, in speaking of
the results of the late transit observations:
Whatever was done was accomplished by the
Americans. They seem to be the only people
now that take hold of such things in the right
way."
148
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 6, 1*07$
General News Items.
Choked to Death, — A singular and very
sad accident occurred near Belmont 011 Friday
of last week. A child of Mr. Newhall, a little
boy only two years and a half old, was out search-
ing for eggs. As he was absent for sometime
his brother was sent to look for him, and was
horrified to find the child in the stable dead,
with his neck tightly jammed between two of
the upright rails of a mauger. The inference
is that the child in his search climbed up on
the manager, and missing his footing in reach-
ing out, fell with his neck between two of these
bars, which converge toward each other at the
base, and was choked to death. The feelings
of the bereaved mother were indescribable.
Mr. Newhall is a brother of H. M. ^ewhall, the
well known San Francisco auctioneer, and is
also an esteemed member of the San M iteo
Grange.
Frightful Accident tn a Church. — A fright-
ful accident occurred at St. Andrew's Catholic
church, in New York, on Thursday evening, of
last week: While Rev. Father Carroll was
preaching and about half through the sermon,
the ceiling over the right gallery was crushed
in by the fall of the brick wall of an adjoining
building. The church was quite crowded, and
a stampede followed. The firemen and police
soon arrived and succeeded in allaying the ex-
citement. Four persons were crushed to death
during the rush for the doors. Their bodies
were at the foot of the gallery stairs. Three
others were also found dead and 71 wounded.
Sudden Death op a Noted Clarionet
Player. — On Sunday evening last, James E.
Kendall, an old and popular clarionet player of
the California theatre orchestra, dropped in-
stantly dead in the music room of the theatre.
As he entered the music room he hung up his
hat and overcoat, and sayiDg "Good evening,
gentlemen," to those about him, wheeled about
and fell to the floor a corpse. Physicians were
summoned and several rushed in, but Kendall
was beyond aid — he died instantly as he fell.
Postal Changes foe California — Post
Offices Established. — At Cinnaoar, San Be-
nito; Geo. W. Chick, [postmaster. At Foun-
tain Springs, Tulare county; Moses Davis,
Postmaster. Postmasters appointed : J. F.
Sperry, at Big Trees, Calaveras county; W.
S. Whitaker, at San Simeon, San Luis Obispo
county.
Enough to Keep Him from "Wobk. — King
Alfonso's allowance has been fixed at 28,000,000
reals— that is $3,500,000 which will, no doubt,
prove a real comfort to him, and ought to
procure him food, lodging and clothes of a su-
perior kind.
Opposition to the Hawaiian Treaty. — From
the expression of prominent Senators, it is be-
lieved that the Hawaiian reciprocity treaty
will meet with much opposition when it
comes before the Senate for action, and there
is a strong probability of its rejection.
Locomotive Works Destroyed by Fibe. —
The Cliff Locomotive works at Clifton, Penn.,
were burned on Saturday morning of last week,
with the valuable machinery, three new en-
gines, etc. Loss over §5500,000; insured for
$200,000, chiefly in New York.
^Resignation of Goveenob Booth. — Newton
Booth filed with the Secretary of State his
resignation of the office of Governor, and left
for Washington on the overland train of Sun-
day.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Thursday, February 25,
mobning 6ebsion.
115 Alpha 13#@15M
995 Beat & Belcher. . .45@47>S
10<iO Belcher fi@3t>
160 Baltimore 6J4
HO Bullion 'XffllM
2G0 (Jhollar 58@59
180 Grown Point 28
240 ConfiiieDce 15J£|5 Kr,
■70 Oon Virginia 4 ■><> (40
1SSS California 5S«ra55
230 Ctiledonia L8«j 1h'l>
80 Dayton 1%
29 Daney lii
30 Empire G%
595 Gould & Ourry.. .17018)3
50 Globe 1
85 Hale &Norcross..O" 11!'..
875 Imperial 7^w^'„b.m
25 Justice 90
430 Julia V.i'aA\,
210 Kentuck l-i'^'H'-
100 Knickerbocker ■
3450 L Bry.in ...5'l>("'7 ■■
■■■S'1 Mexican i'2'£.
390 Ov-rman 47 -SM*1
470 Ophir 7(>:<ii77
300 Phil Sheridan. ..50c@ 75o
160 Suooor 1 '.■.(<« 1 '.,
20 Silver Hill 7
605 U Consolidated. .6)£@6$j
190 Utah 4Ji@
100 Yellow Jacket 71®75
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1700 Andes 6J£@'
350 Belmont 7
100 Cosmopolitan ,*£@%
20 Eureka Con 16^
200 El Dorado 1
295 Golden Chariot.. 4M@4)b
230 Ida hllmorc 2%
400 Indus l'.j ■,(.!''.
170 Kossuth 9i£@3«
2G0 Lady Wash V^i
320 Leviathan lj£
195 Mahogany 8@8.f
85 Meadow Valley 6g6i
350 Niagara ,
100 North Carson 7^
JH)0 Newark 37' -rUfifn-
200 Omega 3'<>
50 O.O.Hill \2%
855 Poorman, 3%@*^
750 Prussian ;s«r-i'-
360 Raymond & Ely. .3!ib .a I-
685 Rye Patch Jiai'3?.,
76> S. Justice 5
75 Silver Cord 2!*
15 Souta Chariot 2
250 "Wash. & Cryole %(«'\.
31155 "Woodville r*"&
100 "Webfoot
"Wells-Fargo 37#o
This Week.
Thursday, Mabch 4.
morning session.
25 Andes 1%
35 AlDha lfi«
75 American Flat... 4>s@4j^
365 Baltimore 6M@7
100 Bacou 4
425 Bullion 29@30
365 Best & Belcher.. 47K@4S
62H Belcher 3i@T&
20 Confidence 16@i7
3145 California 58MJ60
25 Caledonia 17@18
20 Chollar 60
170 Crown Point 27W@23
7i Con Virginia 4420)445
700 Globe .....I@U$
215 Gould A Curry.. .18@18i4
10 Hale & Norcross.«ffl43,^
185 Imperial 7$T@77u
25 Justice 79^80
170 Julia mha
115 Jacket 75@75!£
345 Kossuth 3!*
65 Kentuck 14Js@UJ6
75 Knickerbocker 4
650 Lady Bryan &@8J4
50 Lady "Washington 2
100 Mint 55c
590 Mexican 23<K
20 New York 20$
320 Occidental 3»@3%
805 Opbir 8J^@83
160 Overman «J£
200 Phil Sheridan 1%
30 Segregated Belcher... 85
75 Succor 1#@1-M
95 Savage 11«@120
250 Tyler ffi^c
3«Q UConsolidated..7£i@776
1310 Woodville 3&
AFTERNOON SESSION.
480 Belmont 6&@7
50 Chariot Mill t
400 Cosmopolitan..- 55c@fi0c
305 Eureka Con 15>£@16
1200 El Dorado North 25
50 Eureka Grass Valley ..3
100 Empire V4
510 Golden Chariot.. ..5@5S
75 IdaEllmore &%
430 Mahogany I0^@ll
500 Meadow Valley 6^
50 Mansfield 7«
300 Niagara 80c
70k) Original Flowerv....33t
45 Raymond &Ely44^'di4.fi' .
1055 Rye Patch 3'.,w3M
100 Spring Valley Water. 100
.... b 30 8
335 Souih Chariot 2
615 Poorman \%
350 Wells Fargo 45c
50 Washington & Creole .40
140 Wariuagle 3?&
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Amt. Levied. Deling' nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business.
Andes S M Co
Adams Hill Cons M Co
Alpe S M Co
American Flat M Co
Bellevue M Co
Bowery Cons M Co
Chariot Mill & M Co
Cherry Creek M & M Co
Confidence M Uo
Coos Bay Uregon Coal Co
Daney M Co
Dardanelles M Co
Davton G & S M Co
El Dorado South Cons M Co
El Dorado Water & D G M Co
Umpire M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Gold Run M Co
IdaEllmoreMCo
Imperial S M Co
Iowa M Co
Julia G& S M Co
Kossuth M Co
Mammoth Silver M Co
Meadow Valley M Co
MintG ASMCo
Newark S M Co
New York M Co
North Bloomfield G M Co
Phil Sheridan G <fc S M Co
Pictou M Co
Poorman G & S M Co
Raymond & Ely S M Co
Red Jacket M Co
Rock Island G &. S M Co
Savage M Co
Senator Silver M Co
Silver Cord M Co
Silver Hill M Co
South Chariot M Co
St Patrick G M Co
Starr King M Co
Sutro M Co
Utah S M Co
Victoria &, Imperial T & M Co
War Eagle M Co
Ward Beecher Cons M & M Co Nevada
Ward Ellis S M Co Robinson District
Wahington & Creole M Co Ely District 14
Washoe 4
Eureka Nev 6
Ely District 8
Washoe 5
Cal 11
Ely District 3
San Diego Cal 2
Nevada 2
Cal
Oreirnn 1
Washoe 12
Washoe 2
Washoe 2
Nevada 5
Csl 9
Idaho 9
Idaho 12
Oal 10
Idaho 16
Washoe 21
Washoe 2
Washoe 21
Washoe 3
Nevada 18
Ely District 8
Washoe 9
Ely District 18
Washoe 3
Cal 36
Washoe 2
Washoe 7
Idaho 2
Pioche 3
Idaho 6
Washoe «
Washoe 17
Washoe 11
I mho 8
Wasboe 5
Idaho 12
Cal 10
Washoe 10
Washoe
Washoe 8
Utah 4
Idaho 9
1 50 Feb 25
15 Feb 16
'25 Feb 10
2 00 Feb 8
50 Feb 17
20 Dec 15
50 Keb 17
35 Feb 17
30 Jan 16
1 00 Feb 5
75 Jan 12
1 00 Feb 5
1 00 Feb 16
75 Jan 15
10 00 Feb 16
1 00 Jan 30
1 50 Jan 4
15 Feb 9
1 UO Feb 1
1 00 Feb 10
25 Jao 13
2 00 Feb 12
50 Feb 25
10 Feb 25
1 00 Feb 11
20 Jan 19
1 00 Feb 2
50 Feb 16
1 00 Feb 3
75 Jan 21
25 Mar 2
1 00 Jan 19
3 00 Jan 18
60 Febl
1 00 Jan 13
5 00 Feb 19
50 Feb 25
1 00 Mar 27
2 00 Feb 16
1 00 Jan 9
50 Feb 2
25 Feb 25
50 Feb 17
2 00 Jan 22
15 Feb 26
1 00 Jan 25
30 Feb 27
5 Feb 10
1 00 Feb 18
Mar 29
Mar 21
Mar 22
Mar 15
Mar 23
Jan 25
Mar 22
Mar 22
Feb 23
MarlO
Keb 16
MarlO
Mar 23
Feb 19
Mar 19
Mara
Feb 8
Mar 15
Mar 8
Mar 17
Feb 15
Mar 18
Mar 13
April 3
Mar 23
Feb 24
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 12
Mar 2
April 3
Feb 24
Feb 2fi
Mar 9
Feb 17
Mar 2*
April 3
April 1
Mar 19
Feb 16
Mar 8
Mar 31
Mar 22
Feb 24
April 2
Mar 2
April 8
Maris
Mar 23
April 14
April 16
April 12
Apr 5
April U
Feb 28
Ap'il 14
April 15
Mar 17
Mar 31
Mar 9
Mar 31
April 13
Mar 12
April 3
Mar 26
Febffl
Apr 5
Mar 29
Anril 7
MarlO
April 6
April 21
April 28
April 20
Maris
Mar 31
April 12
Mar 30
Mar 30
April 23
Mar 17
Mar 26
Mar 30
Mar 9
April 12
April 23
April 22
Anril9
Mar 9
Mar 31
April 19
April 8
Mar 16
April 27
Mar 23
May 6
April 12
April 12
M Lenders 507 Montgomery st
W W Traylor 408 California st
O D Squire Cor California & Mont
C A Sankey
D F Verdenal
CE Elliott
F Swift ^f
D F Verdenal
W S Anderson
T P Beach
G R Sninney
W S Duval
W E Dean
W Willis
H Elias
W Willis
L Kaplan
C C Palmer
W Willis
WE Dean
A D Carpenter
A -Noel
E F Stern
D A Jennings
J W Colburn
D A Jennings
W Willis
H C Kibbe
T Derby
W R Townaend
S Philips
W Willis
T W Colburn
W Willis
J W Clark
E B Holmes
J H Sayre
Frank Swift
W E Dean
O H Bogart
D F Verdenal
Louis Kxplan
G W R King
W E Desin
Wm H Watson
L Kaplan
D A JenningB
J M Buffington
F D Oleary
331 Montgomery at
409 California st
419 California st
419 California st
409 California st
210 Battery st
424 Montgomery st
320 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California st
416 Monfceomery ft
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
4l Market st
419 California st
419 California st
605 Clay st
419 Califirnia st
419 California st
401 Calii'ornia st
418 California st
401 California Bt
419 California st
419 California st
320 California st
330 Finest
403 California st
419 California st
416 California st
4 9 California at
418 Calii'ornia st
419 California st
10 Stevenson's Bldg
410 California si
419 California st
402 Montgomery st
409 Cali forma st
Merchants' Ex
431 California st
419 California st
302 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alpine G M & M Co Cal
California and Arizona M Co Arizona
Carrie Hale Hydrauhc M A W Co Cal
Combination G & S M Co Panamint
Electric M Co Cal
Emma Hill Cons M Co Utah
Equitable Tunnel M Co Utah
Geneva Coqs S M Co Nevada
Gold Mountain G M Co Bear valley Cal
Golden Grown M Co Cal
Hasloe M & M Co Mariposa' Co Cal
Hayes OiSJICo Robinson Dist
Home G A Co Nevada Oo Cal
Imperial S M Co Washoe
Independence Cons M Co Cal
International Gold M Oo Cal
Kincaid Flat M Co Oal
Little Panoche Quicksilver M Co Cal
North Fork M Co Cal
New York ConB M Co Washoe
Occidental M Co Nev
Ophir G M Co Bear valley Cal
Patten M Co Washoe
Phcfinix Tunnel & M Co Utah
Pinto M Oo White Pine
Prussian UASMCo Nye Co Nevada
Rocky Bar M Co
San Jose M Co Egan Canon
Silver Cloud G 4 S M Co Cal
Silver Sprout M Co Cal
Silver West Cons M Co Eureka Nev
Table Mt Alpha M Co Cal
Tuolumne Hydraulic M Co Cal
Union Oon M Co Washoe
Weaverville DiHMCo Cal
Webfoot M Co Elko Co Nev
Wyoming G M Co Cat
Yarborough S M Co Kern Co Cal
1 25 Feb 11
10 Jan 8
10 Jan 15
10 Deo 28
5 Feb 16
40 Jan 29
25 Jan 12
20 Jan 2
1 00 Jan 25
10 Feb 25
1 25 Jan 13
2<i Jan 4
50 Feb 13
1 00 Feb 10
2 50 Feb 4
is Mar 2
60 Feb 4
20 Febl
25 Jan 28
50 Feb 16
50 Feb 2
10 Jan 22
20 Feb 3
25 Feb 15
10 Jan 9
1 00 Jan 12
10 Mar 3
5 00 Jan 27
25 Feb 8
5 Feb 17
10 Jan 13
1 10 Feb 5
20 Feb 23
SO Feb 6
50 Feb 28
25 Jan 23
50 Jan 13
30 Dec 23
Mar 23
r eb 22
Feb 24
Feb 1
Mar 22
Mar 8
Feb 17
Mar 8
Mar 6
April 1
Feb 16
Feb 12
Mar 24
Mar 17
Mar 13
April 6
Mar 9
Mar 4
Mar 12
Mar 23
Mar 9
Mar 2
Mar*
Mar 23
Feb 15
Feb 18
April 14
Mar 8 .
Mar 15
April 17
Feb 20
Mar 15
Mar 25
MarlO
Mar 29
Mar 3
Feb 27
Jan 30
April 14
Mar 12
Mar 17
Feb 23
April 12
April 5
Mar 9
Mar 31
Mar 31
May I
Marl6
Mar 8
April 16
Apr 7
April 2
April 26
Mar 29
Mar 25
Mar 30
April 12
Mar 29
Mar 27
Mar 29
April 12
Mar 8
Mar 12
May 8
April 13
April 12
June 17
Mar 20
April 5
April 17
Mar 29
April 21
Mar 30
Mar 18
Feb 23
J F Lightner
T E Jewell
H Knapp
D Wilder
T B Wlngard
G J Cole
C S Healy
ITMilliken
J POivallier
Danl Buck
W A M Van Bokkelen
G R Spinney
F J Hermann
WE Dean
F J Hermann
J M Buffington
B H Cornell
G R Spinney
A Martin
H U Kibbe
A K Deubrow
J P Oavallier
L Hermann
C S Healy
A K Durbrow
R H Brown
J P Oavallier
A Carrigan
A A Enquist
T B Wingard
F R Bunker
T F Oronise
ITMilliken
J M Buffington
F H Rogers
D A Jennings
J M Buffington
E Barry
433 Oali forma st
507 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
318 California st
302 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
302 Montgomery st
513 California st
14 Stevenson Bldg
419 Cal st
) California st
418 Kearny et
419 California st
418 Kearny st
Merchants' Ex
210 Battery st
320 California st
520 Washington Bt
419 California st
Marchants' Ex
51.5 California st
330 Pine st
Merchants' Ex
43S California st
ittl Mnntenmnrv fit
513 California st
109 Front st
71 New Montg'y st
318 California st
606 Montgomery st
4Zi California st
302 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
330 Pine st
401 California Bt
Merchants' Ex
415 Montgomery st
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co. L<
Andes S M Co
Baltimore Coni M Co
Bunker Hill Q M Co
California Br>rax Co La
Electric M Oo
Enterprise Cons M Co
Halp & Norcross M Co
Ida EUmore M Co
Independent &. Omega M Co
Justice M Co
Mahocany M Co
Nonpareil G M Co
Silver Peak M Co
West Crown Point S M Co
Wonder G M Co
Cal
Wnshoe
Idaho
Washoe
Idaho
Secretary.
Called by TrusteeB
Called by Trustees
Walter L Palmer
L Hermann
T B Wmgard
F J Hermann
J F Liirhtner
W Willis
J Maguire
Callen by Trustees
O B Higgina
A D Pratt
G T Grimes
J C Bollinger
J L Armstrong
Office inS-F.
507 Montgomery st
330 Montgomery st
19 First st
330 Pine st
318 California st
416 Kearny st
438 California st
419 California st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
402 Montgomery st
604 Montgomery st
240 Montgomery st
302 Montgomery st
513 Sacramento st
Meeting.
Special
Special
Special
Aiinual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Date.
April 5
April 7
Mar 30
MarlO
MarlS
Mar 15
MarlO
Mar 8
Mar 8
Mar 18
Mar 8
Mar 8
Mar 8
Mar 13
Mar 13
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING
Secretary-
Name of Co.
Belcher M. Co.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M AM Co
Consolidated Virginia M Oo
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Location.
Washoe. H. C. Kibbe,
Oal W 1, Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe D T Baeley
Wasboe C E Elliott
N. C. Fasaet.
Nev WW Traylor
Nevada DF Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4^9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay St.
419 California st
409 California st
INCORPORATIONS.
Amount. Payable,
3 00
2 00
1 00
Jan 11
Fet)19
Nov 16
Feb 11
Jan 12
Jan . 25
Mar 5
Mar 5
Mining Stocks.
There is no change to record in the aspect of
the mining market. Everything continues doll
with few sales and low prices. Some expecta-
tion of a rise seems to be entertained by the san-
guine, who contend that present prices are al-
together to low for the merits of the mines.
This may be the case with some of the bo-
nanza mines, but there is no doubt even in the
low tide in the market, that a good many stocks
are selling at more than they are worth. There
is a certain class which the brokers know as
wild cats in which there is hardly any proba-
bility of striking ore enough ever to pay a div
dend. Nevertheless, these mines are dealt in-
eimply for speculation, and they answer every
purpose for that. The general supposition is
that the "Comstock deal" is over for the sea-
son, and some hopes are entertained of a rise
in Idaho or Ely stocks by outsiders. This,
however, can only be determined by the "in-
side" whoever they may be. At present there
are no special iodications that it will take place.
Reports from the bonanza mines continue good,
but they do not seem to affect the market as
such reports used to do. How long the present
depression will continue, it is impossible, of
course, to say.
The Oro mining company, Sierra county, are
preparing to erect a 15-stamp mill.
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk" s Office at San Fran-
cisco:
East Yellow Jacket M. Co. March 2.— Location:
Storey county, Nevada. Directors — Robert Sherwood,
C. L. Welter, C. S. Neal, H. W. Fortune and H. C.
Kibbe. Capital stock $10,000,000, divided into 100,000
snares.
Cinnabae Cons. M. Co., March 2. Location: Sonoma
county. Capital stock, $6,000,000. Directors — B. S.
Hollingsworth, Geo. W. Jones, R". R. Truett, A. L.
Preble and John G. Howell.
Hubphy "Virginia M. Co., March 2. Location: Storey
county, Nevada. Directors — F. Y. Eisen, Wm. McCaun,
Chas.Leist, R. F. Roth and 0. B. Greathouse. Capital
stock, $10,000,000, divided into 100,000 shares.
West Point G. & S. M. Co., March 2. Location: Cal-
averas county, Cal. Capital stock, $2,000,000. Direc-
toie— J. H. O'Brien, P. McCarron, M. A. Cachot, O. P.
Sutton and E. N. Robinson.
The following companies have filed certifica'es of
incorporation with the Secretary of State* at Sacra-
mento :
San Fbancisco, San Mateo and Santa Cbuz R R. Co;
organized to operate a railroad from a point near the
boundary line between San Mateo and Santa Cruz
counties, through Pescadero and Spanishtown, to the
city of San Francisco; capital stock $2,000,000— 20,000
shares. Directors — Walter E. Gill, James W. Bicbnell,
Josiah P. Ames, JameB Byrnes, Isaac C. Steele, John
Garretson and John Spaulding.
Mountain View Mandfactoby. — Object: To build
and operate a factory for the manufacture of agricul-
tural implements, wagons, carriages, etc., at Mountain
View, Santa Clara county. Directors — P. T. Watkins,
G.. W. Smith, D. B. Bailey, H. D. Taylor and J. E.
Shore. Capital stock, $50,000, divided into 500 shares
of $100 each.
Industrial Items.
The pottery business has been carried on
successfully for a number of years in Antioch
and certain parties have recently inspected the
region with a view to enlarge the facilities for
manufacture in this branch of trade. The
Marsh creek soil is found suitable for making
fire bricks and that branch of business will also
be prosecuted largely during the coming sum-
mer. A stratum of clay has also been struck
in the Lincoln coal mines, pronounced of excel-]
lent quality for the manufacture of first-class*
pottery, and there is talk of establishing a fac-
tory to work it up for vases, jars and other use-i
ful and ornamental fabrics.
Tobacco at Antioch. — Gilroy is not going tot
enjoy all the advantftges arising from the culti-
vation and manufacture of tobacco. A companyi
has been formed at Antioch to prosecute the)
same pursuits, The Ledger says there is 8
large bodvof land at the mouth of Marsh creek,,
supposed to be eminently adapted to the;
growth of tobicco. It asserts that wheat, bar-
ley, grapes, other fruits, broom corn and canary*
seeds, have been produced in this vicinity, and
that there is no good reason why tobacco mighll
not be raised on the land as well.
Foknittjre Manufactobv.— The "West Coaafc
(Kimball) furniture company employ 250 men,
and run until 10 o'clock at night on the furni-
ture order of the Palace Hotel, at which rate i)
will take until the 30th of June next to com<
plete the order. They have contracted for 60,<i
000 pounds hair and 12 000 pouuds geese feath-
er*, to make the beds and pillows for the
hotel.
Prospects foe a Panama Canal. — All the
news which reaches us from Panama is favor-
able for a good route for a ship canal acrosf
that portion of the Darieu Isthmus between
Cbagres and Panama. Every Californian will
rej jice if a ship canal, connecting the Atlantic
and Pacific can be constructed over the beauti
ful tropical country contiguous to the Panama
railroad.
Industrial Outlook. — Two additional woolei
mills, one at Petaluma and the other at Knight'
Ferry; there will be a larger area of cotton anc
sugar beets planted than ever; a cotioi
factory is in contempla'.ion, and in every rei
spect the outlook for the industrial prosperit;
of the State is encouraging beyond any perio'i
in its history.
The Eagle paper mill on Brush creek, nea
TJkiah, is now in full operation, turning oi
about 150 reams of wrapping paper per day
They propose to commence the manufactun
of newspaper about the 1st oi May.
The Cornell Watch Co. are now under fult
headway. The business is a great success, tht1
orders exceeding their ability to supply. Thei
employ a great many girls.
It is reported that the owners of the "Great
Eastern" are contemplating the project of turn
ing the ship into an immense hotel, and send
ing her to the Centennial Exposition.
Bt Water. — The woolen mill at Knight
Ferry will be run by water power. We hop
ere long to see many of our powers in the foa
hills utilized for manufacturing purposes.
ining Summary.'
The following ib mostly condensed from journals pu<
lished in the interior.in proximitv to the mines mention!.
California.
AMADOR COUNTY
Portable Mill. — Amador Ledger, Feb.
We have olten Bpoken of the number of undevi
oped quartz ledges lying in belts, and runnii
through the county; a great number of the
known to contain gold, but to what extent, r
mains unknown. If these mines could be d
veloped, many of them would beyond a dou
prove to be a valuable mining property
some cheap and practical crushing power ecu
be had, at the lode to be tested, and by whi
means at but little cost, the rock could
thoroughly prospected, it would be the mea
of adding hundreds of paying lodes to those
now have developed. We believe the rip
principle upou which to construct a portat
prospecting mill has been discovered by
ingenious citizen of this county, and which
found to work, as expected, will produce a r(
olution in quartz crushing throughout t
St 'te. The principle is very simple, and whi
will require but a small amount of niol>
power to drive each stamp. We learn a woii
ing model is now being constructed in S
Francisco, by which the real value of the d
covery will be tested.
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
Kich Strike. — Calaveras Citizen, Feb. 27:
we were going to press we met John Kelly, <
of the oldest residents of this vicinity,
showed us specimens of quartz taken fron
recent discovery made by him in the vicin
of San Antonio Camp, about six miles fr
San Andreas, of fabulous richness. In i
we never saw so much gold in so smal
quantity of quartz. We hope John will r<
ize a million of dollars, from his mine,
merits success for his years of unremitt
toil.
West Point. — Foothill Democrat, Feb.
At West Point, mining affairs are very bri
The leading mines are being vigorously work
March 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
149
while a score or more lesser veins are oper-
ated with success. Several rich strikes have
been recently made, notably by Briggs &
Fisher, on the North Stir, Lee Ham & Co., on
the old Mitchell lead, Bastion a Bryor, near
own, and George Chick tt Co., on the North
Fork slope. Besides these, nnmerous soft
ite leads are being worked and piyiug well,
e custom mills are kept running night and
upon rock taken from these various veins.
u„« coming spiing promises to be a busy sea-
ion in that district, as capital bus taken hold
>( two of the leading mines while experts have
>$en examining other ledges.
The Lonk Star Mink.— One day last week
are paid a visit to the Lone Star, locuted three
miles northwest of Went Point. We had heard
requent mention made of the mine but were
lot prepared to see so good a development as is
ixbibited. The vein Las nearly a north and
tooth course and starts from the edge of the
forth Fork of the Moketumne river, and runs
long one of the ridges of the river hills. Tuu-
tels No. three and four on the Lone Star ledge
lave each cut an extremely large chute of ore;
my in the neighborhood of 40 feet in width by
00 feet in length with a perpondicular distance
letweeu the two tunnels of 150 feet. We saw
everal prospects of this chute, made from rock
aken at random, which would yield $80 to §100
o the ton. The average widih of the two
eins, excepting this ohnto, is Lone Star three
eet and the Reed and Hillery two feet. There
ire now on tbe dumps about 700 tons of ore,
omoof it very rich while a portion being sur-
aoe rock is of a poorer quality. It is calculated
hat the rock takeu as a whole will mill $20 to
he ton.
DORADO COUNTY
Mining Development. — Mountain Democrat,
"eb, 27: Within the city limits or in the viuin-
ty of Placerville there is an immense amount
f quartz. In some cases it presents itself in
adges of enormous proportions; in others it ap-
ears in the shape of seams and stringers
hich experienced and well informed mineis
re confident come together at greater or less
Utances from the surface. From time to time
Sere has been more or less of rich gold bearing
uartz taken from nearly every one of these
:dges, seams and stringers. But although
tiis is a familiar fact, and although ours is oue
f the oldest mining camps in the State, it is
et a marvellous fact that in this whole re-
ion not a single ledge has ever beensystem-
tieally and thoroughly prospected. It is per-
actly manifest that nothing would so greatly
i^lnd speedily benefit our section as would the
tr Jlevelopment of a permanently paying quartz
1 Line. If one ledge was sunk upon to a
{ [epth of eay 800, 600, or 500 feet, and a body
..J If ore developed which would pay even mod-
1 1 Irately for milling, it is beyond a peradven-
■ pre that within a brief period there would
"lie dozens and scores of similar enterprises
et on foot and ours would at once become
i (ne of the liveliest quartz mining regions in
'■-'the State. To the property holders of Pla-
i-ljerville and viciDity we submit this proposi-
1 ion: That they all unite in forming a joint
• . took company for quartz and prospecting,
■ 1 1 ach taking such amount of stock as he can
unveniently carry without hampering him-
1 elf; then, after a general and free conference,
J it a spot be settled 'upon which is believed
\ 3 offer best promise of success, and then let
s go to work — bit or miss — and see some-
\\ Lhing that lies more than 200 or 300 feet
alow the surface.
-J RESNO COUNTY
til Mining.— Fresno Expositor, Feb. 27: We are
^ atormed that Floyd, Dodds & Co. have been
— iking some very good quartz from their mine,
ituated about four miles below Crook's ranch
n the Fresno river. They have just finished
rushing about eight tons of ore and got over
;: fty ounces of gold, or about $75 per ton from
DC- lie rock. They have about ten tons of ore
^ rhioh they estimate will yie,d fully $500 per
"! on. Such a mine as that, if extensive, is bet-
W| sr that Consolidated Virginia.
|< IEVADA COUNTY.
w Ore .Reduction Works.— Nevada Transcript
.3) 'eb. 27: R. M. Fryer & Co., of New York, are
[fifi recting works near the race track, for the pur-
* ; ose of reducing all kinds of auriferous ores.
( '■ i 'he rock will be worked without crushing and
!£., f everything works as experiments heretofore
,.". proves it will, the company will be able to work
r, [ny kind of mineral, so as to secure results
,' jqual to the ordinary process of assaying. It
r' pill, in short, be assay works on a large scale.
jt is expected to work rock as closely as any
saayer can do it. The proprietors intend to
nlarge the works as the demand requires,
'hey have perfect confidence that the process
rill prove a success, and they will be ready for
Deration in a few days. Mr. Fryer has visited
ifferent points on the coast, and thinks this
he most favorable of all. We hope success
rill crown their efforts.
Great Enterprise. — Foothill Tidings, Feb.
7: One of the most extensive mining enter-
rises in California is that of the North Bloom-
ield Gravel mining company, which owns some
inndreds of acres of deep auriferous gravel
teposits in this county. Hamilton Smith, Jr.,
uperintendent and engineer, in a report dated
he 25th ult., 6ays the total expenditure has
►een $1,979,760, including $498,000 for the
nain tunnel, nearly 8,000 feet long, $1,031,000
or ditches reservoirs and water rights. An ad-
litionar expenditure of $50,000 will increase
he Btc-rage capactiy of the reservoirs to 6,500,-
'00,000 gallons. The company has been working
our years, but has not yet fairly commenced
cashing out the gold. The ground is known to
u '-■
be rich and they expect to take out enough to
compensate them well for the cost, delay and
risk of their enterprise.
PLACER COUNTY.
Geeek Mink.— Placer Argus, February 27:
An entenBive building has been erected adjoin-
ing the old hoisting work to accommodate a
buttery of ten stamps, complete separating and
amalgamating works are connected therewith,
and though the works are not very cxtt-nsive
no better quartz mill can be found in this
region. An extensive reservoir has been built,
iu which the water pumped from the mine, is
preserved for use in the mill. The works
started up on Mouday last, but daring the
week, little more baa been dene than to adjust
the machinery, and get things to running
smoothly The mine is now yielding an abund-
ance of good ore to keep tbe mill running up
to its full capacity, and wo may Boon look for a
favorable report.
The Crater Mink.— At the Crater mine.the
St. Patrick company is driving business with
an evident determination to do something. The
212-ft level is being driven from No. 2 shaft,
in good ore. From shaft No. 1, the workmen
are driving the 312-ft level, and have an 18-
inch ledge of good milling ore. The 3G0-ft
level from the same shaft is in a two foot ledge,
and is yielding milling ore. The work of driv-
ing the 440-ft level of same shaft is just fairly
begun. The rock is improving, and the fore-
man expects to strike the. pay-chute of the 360-
ft level, in a short time .( The St. Patrick mill
is running steadily, and the last clean-up from
Crater ore, yielded $30 to the ton. The mine
is not at present yielding sufficient ore to keep
the mill going, but as Boon as the lower levels,
is fully opened out, the supply will be amplej
The Booth Mine.— The main shaft has now
reached a depth of 153 ft, and the ledge now
shows fully four feet in width, of high grade
ore, at this point the Becond level will be
started, and rich developments may be looked
for. The appearance of the mine is of the
most encouraging character, and fully meets
the expectations of all interested.*
plumas county-
Good Quartz. — Plumas National, February
20: We are indebted to Mr. H. B. Bransford,
of Taylorville, for a splendid speoimen of quartz
from the newly discovered ledge belonging to
the Taylor Bros., at Crescent. The rock is full of
free gold, and the beauty of it is that ft is
proving to be an extensive ledge. Two tunnels
are now being run, and one of them is now in
some seventy feet, the other just commenced.
The first shows a ledge averaging eighteen
inches in width, and at the end of the tunnel
it appears to be increasing in size. All the
rock shows free gold in such quantities as to
prove that it will pay, when crushed, at an
enormous figure. One objection to it is that
the ledge does not "pitch" fast enough, but if
it holds out anything like that portion already
developed, it will be "good enough for any-
body." We certainly hope it will, and that
Crescent may once more regain the life and
business which it had in years gone by.
SONOMA COUNTY.
Mining Items.— Russian River Flag, Febru-
ary 25: Eleven flasks of quicksilver came down
from the Missouri retorts last Saturday, the
product of ore from the Georgia. Nine and a
half tons of Georgia ore was reduced in the
Missouri retorts and yielded eighteen flasks and
fifty pounds.
Work continues on the Lincoln silver mine.
Superintendent Gilman informs us that the
shaft he is sinking on tbe ledge is now down
80 ft. After going 20 ft deeper he will drift
each way on the vein. The owners of this
mine are very sanguine in their belief .that it
will prove profitable property. Numerous as-
says have shown the rock to contain silver and
gold in paying quantities.
The Home company (incorporated), whose
mine is on the summit above the Annie Belcher,
have struck a body of black oxide ore in their
shaft, similar to that in the Socrates.
The Edith company (incorporated^ are pre-
paring to put up a furnace. Their mine is on
Pine Mountain, above the Georgia. The have
plenty of good furnace ore in sight.
The Rattlesnake company started their
furnace again about ten days ago. It .is work-
ing more satisfactorily, but they will soon
build a Knox & Osborne furnace.
Rich ore has been struck iu the northwestern
end of the Sonoma. There is enough in sight
to run the furnace a year. The Bupeiintend-
ent has been getting out ore and building a
road to it. The furnace will soon be fired up.
Excelsioh Mine. — By invitation of Mr.
Sroufe, President of the Excelsior Quicksilver
mining company, we paid the mines and works
of that company a visit a few days since.
Their location is in Inyo district, at the mouth
of SauBal creek, on the road from Healdsburg,
to Pine Flat and equi-distant from the two
points named, or eight miles north from
Healdsburg. There are two mines belonging
to the company — the Excelsior and the Chap-
man— and containing fifteen hundred feet each.
At the Chapman, five tunnels and shafts have
been commenced on as many different points
along the croppings. Neither one, however,
has yet been prosecuted to any considerable
extent, though the ore has been struck in eaoh,
and in one at least, in considerable quantity
and of very good quality. At the Excelsior,
which is located on the right or opposite slope
of the mountain, six tunnels and shafts have
been commenced, and a railway three hundred
feet in length constructed down the mountain
side for running ore from the mouth of the
tunnel down to the road below. On this claim
also, we were told, ore has been struck in each
instance. Notwithstanding that the company
have a working force of near eighty men em-
ployed, a sufficient length of time has not yet
transpired siuce tbe commencement of work to
pronounce themiues fairly opened. The indi-
cations for a really valuable mine, however,
are exceedingly encouraging, and we hazard
bot little in predicting that ere many months
the Excelsior will rank high in tbe stock mar-
ket. The furnace of the company, which in a
most substantial looking nfl\tir, is of the Win-
terburn pattern and capable of running through
some fifteen tons of rock every twenty-four
hoars. ^
TRINITY.
Rich Cinnabar.— Trinity Journal Feb. 27:
Onion Creek bids fair to rival if not excel the
Cinnabar district in the production of the ore
for which the latter was named. There is on
exhibition at the Union hotel 1G pounds of as
rich cinnabar as we have ever seen, taken from
near the surface on the Mountain Laurel mine,
near Canon creek, where three stringers have
been found. A tunnel is being run by the
Mountain Laurel company, which itisexpeoted
will strike these Btringers in about fifty feet,
and large developments are anticipated. We
shall not be surprised at any time to hear of
rich discoveries of cinnabar iu other sections of
the county.
Another Discovert. — A ledge of ore-bearing
rock has been discovered near the Bush ranch,
twelve mil6s from Hyampome. Many opin-
ions have been given as to what kind of ore
the rock contains, it being variously claimed
as lead, tin and silver. Whatever it is, it is
immensely rich. As yet, none of the rock has
been brought to town, and no tests made. By
another issue we hope to -report the discovery
within our county limits of a rival Comstock.
Paying Well. — Henry Engel has been qui-
etly working his quartz ledge on East Fork for
several years past, during which time it has
paid regulurly, and for the amount of work
and the manner in which it has been done,
paid well. A late clean-up from 13 tons of
rock, worked with an arastra, averaged $57.50
to the ton. Becoming tired of this primitive
mode of working, Mr. Engel started" fer San
Francisco this week, intending to make ar-
rangements for the erection of a mill. He cer-
tainly has a good thing, and one which will
pay large dividends with proper»machinery for
working the ore.
Nevada,
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Consolidated Virginia.— Gold Hill News,
February 25: Daily yield, 460 tons of ore. The
ore slopes throughout the entire mine are
looking splendid and are yielding the usual
amount of rich ore. Enlarging the drifts and
laying the double car tracks on the 1500 ft
level are about completed. The mills are all
running steadily and are doing good work.
The C and C. shaft is down 221 ft, the sinking
making rapid headway.
California. — The north drift on tbe 1550-ft
level has been driven ahead 13 ft during the
past week, the face still in the richest possible
character of ore, the .whole drift being in fact
a magnificent chamber of ore, literally be-
spangled with silver. On the 1500-ft level,
east cross-cut No. 1 on the south line, has been
stopped for the present, the face still in rich
ore, and a drift north started to connect with
cross-cut No. 2 to obtain a better ventilation.
This drift is passing through a splendid char-
acter of ore, and is now in a distance of 30 ft.
Cross-cut No 2 east, on the same level, is also
being driven rapidly ahead, the face still in
rich ore. Cross-cut No. 3 east is also in fine
ore, and has been advanced 20 it during the
past week. Cross-cut No. 4 on the 1500-ft level
is in 67 ft, the face still in porphyry.
Ophir.- There is little or no change in any of
the ore breasts on either the 1366 or 1465-ft
levels. The north winze, on the 1465-ft. level,
is down 125 ft, the bottom stillinfine ore. The
face of the east cross-cut, on the California
line, on the 1366-ft level, is also looking much
more favorable for a continuation of the ore
body to the eastward. The north drift, on the
1700-ft level, is being driven steadily ahead to
ward the Mexican line, encountering frequent
small kidneys of fine ore.
Belcher. — The ore breasts on all the differ-
ent levels are looking well and yielding the
usual amount of good ore. Daily yield, 450
tons of ore. The three winzes being sunk be-
low the 1400-ft level, have all been stopped for
the present for the purpose of timbering. The
bottom of all the wihzeB are still in fine ore.
As soon as they are thoroughly timbered their
sinking will be resumed.
1 i Crown Point. — Daily yield, 400 tons of ore,
keeping the mill steadily running. There is
nothing new to report of the ore producing sec-
tions of the mine. The main east drift on the
1600-ft level is still pushed vigorously ahead,
with every prospect of soon striking the main
ore vein. The main incline is down to the
1700-ft station.
Original Gold Hill. — The prospects in this
mine have been growing better and better of
late, and especially since our last week's report.
The raise above the south drift at the 340-ft
level, which we then made mention of, has pro-
gressed upward to the hight of 27 feet, follow-
ing the east wall of the ledge, and in excellent
milling ore all the way. From the track floor
up 15 feet it was white ore, fine and easily
worked, but above that point it changed grad-
ually to the regular red ore peculiar
to the Comstock upper levels, or to the
general depth of 300 feet. The face of the
raise is now in this red ore, and from personal
inspection of it this morning we consider that
it has every appearance of developing into a
large solid body of most excellent ore. Assays
from the track floor up have averaged from
$50 to $400 to the ton. The width of their
new ore development is not as yet ascertained,
of course, and cannot be until cross cutting is
done.
Chollar-Potosi. — Sinking the main incline
below tbe 1250-ft level has been resumed. The
1250-ft station is completed and a drift started
to cut and prospect the ore vein in that portion
of the mine. The main south drift on the
1100-ft level' is still being pressed ahead with-
out change of value to relate.
Savage. — The main incline has about reached
the point ut which the 2200ft station is to be
opened. The north drift on the 2000-ft level
is making good progress, with no change
worthy of note. The foundations for the new
incline machinery are completed, and the ma-
chinery is now being placed in position ready
for use.
Boxlion.— The north drift on the 1700-ft
level of the Imperial is still driven rapidly
ahead, much better progress being made
during the past month than at any time pre-
vious. The quartz in the face of the drift con-
tinues of a fine, favorable character, and in a
short time a cross-cut will be started east to
prospect the ore vein, when there seems hardly
a doubt but that a paying mine will be devel-
oped.
Sierra Nevada.— The old prospecting drifts
on the 700-ft level of this Bhaft are being
rapidly cleaned out, and put in condition for
future operations. The ore vein at this point,
and that part of it lying between the old and
new shafts on the 700-ft level, is as yet almost
entirely unprotected, and some excellent re-
sults may well be looked for when cross-cutting
in that portion of the mine shall have been
commenced.
Niagaka.— -The shaft is now thoroughly tim-
bered, and is in the finest possible working
condition. Sinking has been resumed on the
ore body Btruck in the bottom of the shaft before
the work was suspended. The ore is of high
grade, and is steadily increasing in width as a
greater depth is attained. Spots of black sul-
phuret ore, carrying a large proportion of gold,
are frequently encountered.
Knickerbocker. — A heavy clay wall is met
with in the face of the drifts west, at both the
600 and 700-ft levels, and drifting both north
and south is commenced at both of the levels
mentioned. This is supposed to be the east or
paying wall of the main ledges, and not advis-
able to cut through at present, on account of
the probability of encountering a heavy flow of
water. When the powerful new machinery and
increased pumping facilities of the company
are made available, which will be in about a
week or two, cross-cuts will be made through
the clay wall and into the full merits of the
ledge itself.
Lady Bryan.— The ore body developed in the
southeast cross-cut on the 180-ft level, is open-
ing out finely. It has been prospected to the
east wall of the ledge, and is 39 feet in width,
and will mill from $30 to $40 per ton. Some
rich developments may soon be looked for, as
the whole ore vein is undoubtedly improving
in quality as a greater depth is attained.
Julia. — Sinking the shaft is making fair pro-
gress, notwithstanding the extreme hardness of
the rock penetrated. The shaft is to be sup-
plied in a very short time with Burleigh drills
driven by compressed air, which will greatly
expedite that portion of the work.
Imperial-Empire. — Driving the south drift
on the 2000-ft level is making fair progress, the
quartz in the face gradually assuming a more
flattering prospect for an ore development.
Iowa. — Preparations for the erection of new
and powerful hoisting machinery for prospect-
ing the mine in good shape, are rapidly ap-
proaching completion.
Leo. — Driving the main tunnel is making
good progress the face still in very promising
ledge material, carrying seams of fine ore. The
ledge continues well defined and strong, being
about five feet in width.
Mexican. — The north drift on the 1465-ft
level, is still driven rapidly ahead, encounter-
ing frequent spots and streaks of fine ore. It is
the intention to soon start a cross-out to the
eastward to cut and determine the true value of
the ore vein at that point.
Wells Fargo. — Sinking is resumed at the
bottom of tbe shaft, with the new hoisting
works in full operation. A station will be
opened next week for the first drift to the
Globe Cons. — The main weBt drift on the
400-ft level is still driven vigorously ahead, the
quartz in the face looking quite favorable.
Jacob Little Conb. — A strong force of men
are now employed in the development of this
mine. The several drifts and cross-cuts on the
tunnel level are looking more and more favor-
able for the development of a paying mine.
Amazon. — New shaft down 40 ft, in good
sinking ground. It is well timbered through-
out. A number of small feeders of quartz have
been encountered which look very favorable.
Woodville. — The new ore body in the north
drift on the 300-ft level is looking finely. Sink-
ing the new shaft is making good progress.
Pictou. — Air pipes are being introduced into
the tunnel, and drifting ahead will be resumed
shortly, as soon as the requisite supply of good
air can be furnished.
Senator. — The drift north on the 400-ft level
has shown much improvement during the past
week. Selected samples of the ore give large
assay results.
150
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 6, 1875
The King-Bird.
The kirg-bird, or "Field Martin,*' as it is
sometimes called in the Southern States, re-
mains at the North during the spring and
summer; and, although men destroy it, Mr.
Audubon declares its occasional destruction of
a honey-bee, and larceny of a few raspberries
and figs, to be the only mischievous nets it
commits, while, he alleges, its beneficial deeds
are countless, insects chiefly caught upon the
wing being its accustomed food. It appears in
Louisiana about the middle of March, and con-
tinues until the middle of September. Further
northward, oyer the entire country, it comes
later and disappears earlier. For a few days
after its arrival, it seems fatigued and doleful,
and remains perfectly silent; but its sharp,
tremulous cry ib "soon heard over the fields and
along the skirts of the woods. It seldom enters
the forests, but is fond of orchards, large fields
of clover, the neighborhood of rivers, and the
gardens close to the houses of planters. As
soon as incubation has commenced, the male,
full of ardor, evinces the most daring courage,
and galli ntly drives off every intruder. Perched
on a twig in view of his mate, he seems to
direct every thought and action to cherish and
protect her; and, though he seldom meddles
with email birds, yet often flies to their rescue,
when he espies a crow, a vulture, an eagle, or
a martin making any approach, spreading his
wings to the air, and pressing toward the dan-
gerous foe, he commences his attack with fury.
Mounting above the enemy, he sounds the
charge, somewhat like a watchman's rattle, re-
peatedly plunging upon the back of his power-
ful antagonist, and essaying to secure a hold.
In this manner, he harasses him with contin-
ued blows, and follows him at times for a mile,
when, the fugitive having sought refuge in the
forest, with quivering wings and trilling notes,
the little bird returns exultant to his nest.
Audubon says, that the martin alone, of all
serial enemies, inspires him with fear; that,
although this bird frequently aids him in
protecting his nest and watching over the
farm-yard., it sometimes attacks him, and, ex-
celling him in quickness and power of flight,
eludes his more powerful blows, and in some
rare inptances, destroys him. Few hawks
venture to approach a farm-yard while the
king-bird is near; and ev^the cat, tormented
by his attempts to peck on all sides', retreats
from before him to the house.
Agricultural Matters at the University.
After attending the meetings of the Academy
of Sciences at the University of California on
"Washington's birthday, we took a stroll through
the grounds to see what was being done in the
agricultural department. A portion of the
grounds, dedicated to practical agriculture, has
been thoroughly plowed, graded and otherwise
prepared by deep trenching and working over
for nursery purposes. Work in the agricultural
department, as far as out-door agricultural work
is concerned, was commenced on the 1st of
June, 1874.
Two propagating houses have been construct-
ed and were ready for use in the latter part of
August, 1874, and a commodious and conven-
ient building for work rooms, with suitable
benches for potting and handling plants con-
structed, with storage arrangements for pre-
pared soil, pots, tools, etc., and a suitable of-
fice for gardener, and sleeping room for watch-
man.
The propagating houses are of the dimen-
sions respectively of 30 by 20 feet, and 64 by
15 feet, and in the rear of the latter is a labora-
tory pertaining to said houses, 64 feet in length
by 12 feet in width; these buildings are ar-
ranged so as to facilitate the work and so con-
veniently placed that the whole is easily super-
vised by the gardener.
The propagation of plants of economic value,
as well as such species as are more particularly
required for the purpose of illustrating general
botany and ornamenting the grounds, in pur-
suance of the general plan devised by Mr. W.
H. Hall, was at once commenced, and such
vegetable forms as are valuable to the pomolo-
gist, and necessary to illustrate floriculture and
arboriculture have already been produced in
large numbers. The entire domain belonging
to the University includes 200 acres, sloping to
the west, a paralellogram in general shape, and
presenting quite a diversified topography; its
lower portion being about 200 feet above the
level of San Francisco bay, and rising towards
the> east into hills, the summits of which are
about 900 feet above the sea level. Some 40
acres are reserved for agricultural purposes and
experiments, and the remainder to illustrate
the principles and methods of landscape orna-
mentation, forestry, botany, and allied studies.
A well designed and convenient barn. 36 by
44 feet, and a story and a half inhight has been
built, and the principal road which traverses the
farming grounds has been marked out aud
partly graded, to facilitate the farm work.
From advance sheets of the ft Bulletin of the
University of California" we learn that since
the propagating houses were ready for use on
the 22d of August, 10,000 plants, 20 species of
Eucalyptus, 5,000 Acaoias of 25 species, 200
species of native and foreign Goniferpe, also
numerous rare forms peculiar to Australasia,
South and Central America, and elsewhere, and
many species of textile, medicinal and other
economic plants have been produced. We may
mention 112 varieties of Koses, 13 of Azaleas,
12 of Camellias, 6 of Magnolias, for ornamen-
tal purposes.
The planting of a standard orchard, for the
purpose of correcting the nomenclature of the
fruits already in cultivation, and for furnishing
hereafter scions and plants for distribution
through the State, as well as for the intro-
duction of new varieties to be distributed as
above, has received consideration. The fol-
lowing hav# already been planted, aud it is the
intention to still further enlarge the list.
Varieties. Varietiep.
Apples 141
Siberian Crab- Apples. .. 14
Pears 152
Cberries 82
Plums.... 57
Peaches.
Apricots
Quinces.
Blackberries .
Gooseberries p 8
Currants ' 8
Raspberries 34
Strawberries 35
Filberts 3
Asparagus 1
Rhubarb 16
Mulberries 6
Nectarines 15
Grapes 73
They have also procured many varieties of
these eggs have done which were brought by
rail from the East.
Mr. K. E. C. Stearns, Secretary of the Re-
gents and Superintendent of the grounds,
shows commendable zeal in the collection of
favorable varieties of fruits and trees, and with
the assistance of Mr. Ellis, the gardener, has
already made marked progress in matters re-
lating to the agricultural department. Mr.
Stearns earnestly requests all interested in this
department to visit and inspect the grounds,
and will be happy to receive suggestions and
carry them out as far as the means at disposal
will permit. Considerable difficulty has been
experienced with the soil, which is hardly
adapted for nursery purposes, and this has
given a large amount of extra work. It seems
to us that very good progress has been made in
this department, considering that out door
work was not commenced until the first of June.
A Wonderful Coal Discover* Near Dayton,
Nevada. — Some wonderful coal discoveries
have just been made in El Dorado canon, a few
miles southeast of Dayton. A short time since
there occurred a flood in the canon, which
THE KING-BIRDS.
oranges, lemons, limes, etc, and all the species
of walnuts and chestnuts.
Among the apples are nine new Russian va-
rieties, and the peaohes include seventeen of
Rivers' new seedlings.
It is not to be expected that with a local
climate and soil, all the above can be success-
fully grown at Berkeley, but it is very probable
that many of them can be successfully culti-
vated, and the University may be able to add
more or less to the number ot useful varieties
now produced in the State.
The State Fish Commissioners have recently
erected a propagating house, and many thous-
auds of ova and young brook trout maybe seen
in the troughs. It is proposed to build dams
at favorable points in the creek and its branches,
for the double purpose of protecting the banks
and furnishing ponds for the fish. We saw at
the hatching house a somewhat unusual occur-
rence— namely, double fish, or rather young
fish one week old, joined together in a peculiar
manner. Some of these have two heads and
one tail, while others are distinctly formed but
are joined together something after the fashion
of the Siamese twins. We are told that some
of the salmon eggs taken from this State to the
East, hatched out in this peculiar rnanner, as
swept away the tollroad leading up along its
channel and tore things to pieces generally.
The rood being washed away, i'i appears that
no one tried to travel through the ravine. A
day or two since, however, the Virginia City
coal company, whose mine is well up toward
the head of the canon, sent some of their em-
ployees out to examine the road in order to see
if it were possible to repair it. In traveling
down the canon these men came to a place
where the water had torn up and swept out the
whole bed of the stream, exposing an immense
bed of coal. The coal has been torn up and
washed down the stream, and there remains a
regular pavement of it across the canon and for
a considerable distance along its course. The
new district is not covered by the original lo-
cation of the Virginia City coal company, but
we understand some of the members of the said
company, with their employes, have taken up
a large scope of ground covering the recent
find. As yet they have not dug through the
bed to ascertain its thickness. A gentleman
who returned from the canon yesterday, and
who is a member of the company above men-
tioned, is of the opinion that the coal laid bare
by the recent freshet is the outcrop of the sec-
ond vein cut in their shaft. — Ter, Enterprise,
Sending Parcels by Mail.
By the operation of a late law the Postoffice
Department has supplanted in a degree the ex*
press companies as carriers of small parcels?,;
Under this law there may be sent through th&!
mails, at the rate of two cents for every font
ounces or fraction thereof, not above four
pounds in weight, in addition to engravings,
seed balbs, and all other articles which are not
from their form and nature liable to destroy,
deface, or otherwise injure the mail bag or the
person of anyone engaged in tbe postal service.
All liquids, poisons, glass, explosive materials
and obscene books were excluded. This opened
the mails to the reception of a vast quamity of
small packages which were to be conveyed from
one part of the country to the other, and in-
sured for such parcels prompt dispatch to the
remotest part of the United States, at a charge;
of but one cent for each two ounces or fj action i
thereof.
In 'sending packages of this description it
must be observed that the law directs that all
packages must be so wrapped, with open sides'
or ends, that their contents may be readily anxT
thoroughly examined by the postal clerks with-
out despoiling their wrappers. No writing in
permitted except the address of destination,!
and to enclose or conceal a letter, or write or
print anything upon a'newspaper or other mat*
ter enclosed as a merchandise package subjects
the sender to prosecution and fine. If it is
necessary to break or tear a wrapper, letter
rates are to be collected on packages so wrapped
when they are delivered.
From a New York paper of a recent date we
notice that it appears by the returns of the
Postoffice Department that there were seni
through the mails, from fifty of the leading
cities of the United States, during four weeki
of December, 1874, 225,733 pounds, and tha
during the same time, at the New York offici
alone, the number of pieces was 85,054, weigh.
36,905 pounds. This may betaken as a gooc-
average month's work, so that in the course o
the year nearly 500,000 pounds of this class o
matter will be sent from the office in that city
The result of this patronage of the mails ha
been a coifespondingloss to the express con*
panies, who are now said to be endeavoring ti
secure the repeal of the law. Such a mov.
ment is likely to be met with warm opposition
as the success of it would secure to the exprcw
companies a monopoly of the business.
The Stayton Mines.
Our readers will all remember the sale a fel
months ago, of the celebrated Stayton quid
silver mines, in the Coast range mountain!
between the counties of San Benito and Me!
ced, by the Stayton Bros., of this countj
Their many friends here will also be glad
learn that they have received their money fro)
the English company, which we understat
was paid last week. The purchase price w
$200,000. This is but a just reward to the e:
terprise of these men, who labored with sue
zeal for the development of these valuah
mines.
Robert Stayton is still retained as Super!
tendent, and the work under his personal s
pervision has been progressing all winter, wit
the most satisfactory results. One shaft of t'
Cold Spring lead, says the Hollister Enlerpri
is down 102 feet, disclosing an immense bed
rich cinnabar. On the Pacific lead the Bhftftt
92 feet deep, exposing a four-foot vein of ri
metal. A small furnace with less than a b
ton capacity has been in operation for soi
time, and the average yield of the ore has be
ten per cent. With these reduced facilities i
retorting, the mines have paid all expens-
including wages of twenty hands, mining i'
plements, material, fuel, etc., and left a ruarj
sufficient to pay one per cent, per month
the sum paid for the property. Indeed, it
believed that there is metal enough in sight
the dumps to pay the $200,000 without ton
ing the unmined ore at all. From the prodo
of this small furnace some idea can be forn
of the capacity of the mines for produc
wealth when the larger works of the .compi
are put in motion. — Ex.
Water Glass deserves more extended hoi
hold usage. Mixed with paint or wbitewasl
gives increased durability and a fine gloss, i
an excellent fire-proof cement, and when
is also water-proof. It is a good adhesive i
cilage for mending china, glass, or wood,
made into a wash is the best coating for bi
vaults.
Patents are taken for every conceivable i
cle for the use of man, and invention even f
beyond the coffin. We find a recent patent
an apparatus for depositing coffins in gra
An invention for filling up graves is noi
order.
English Capital is seeking inveetmeo
the coal and iron lands of tha Southwesl
States to a considerable extent, and the dt
opment of that section will probably be ace
plisbed chiefly by those who represent for
■'>:
The Springing op Shafts.— If a shaft spr
in running, the trouble lies probably-in ei
too small diameter of the shaft for its we
and velocity, a set of unbalanced pulleys, <
unequal strain on either side by the. belts.
Platinum. — Enormous deposits of this
uable metal are reported as having been ft
in the State of Morelos, mining distri«
Tacala, Mexico,
7*
- :
'v
1:.'
::<
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March 6, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
151
Qood HeV-TH-
How to Live Ninety Years.
"With a good appetite three times a day, de-
licious sleep, and not an ache or a pain in the
whole body, the mind till the time fully alive to
what in going on in the world, and all the time
in good spirits. " Thin in said of the late ex-
Uoveroor Throop, of New York. He retired at
nine, and rone at six, taking a nap in the fore*
noon, aud sometimes in the afternoon also,
breakfast at eight, dinner at one, and tea at
finndown. In suitable weather he spent a
greater part of the forenoon in his garden, di-
recting bis men, and aKsistiug them, and for a
short time in the afternoon was employed in
the same way. He used no spiritous liquors,
bat took claret wine every day at dinner.
There are three things in the above narration
srhich, if persistently carried out in early life,
would do more than till others towards giving
all an enjoyable old age, viz: regularity in eat-
ing, abundant sleep, and a large daily expos-
ore to out door air.
Regularity in eating, either two or three
times a day, with nothing whatever between
meals, not an atom of anything, would almost.
banish dyspepsia in a single generation; as fre-
quent eating is the cause of it. in almost all cu-
es, especially if irregular, and fast.
Abundant sleep and rest from childhood
make nervous disease a rarity; to insufficiency
of regular sleep, and insufficiency of rest, may
well be attributed nine-tentbs of ail sudden
deaths, and a premature wearing out before the
Age of sixty years. All hard workers, whether
ot body or brain, ought to be in bed nine hours
out of the twenty-four, not that so much sleep
is required, but rest, after the sleep is over;
every observant reader knows how the system
yearns for rest in bed after a good sleep, and it
isu positive gain of energy to indulge in it.
Every hour that a man is out of doors is a
positive gain of life, if not in a condition of
chilliness, because no in-door air is pure; but
pure air is the natural and essential food of the
lungs, and the purifier of the blood, the want
of which purification is the cause or attendant
of every disease; while every malady is allevi-
ated or cured by an exposure to out-door air.
If city wives and daughters would average two
or three hours every day in active walking in
the open air, it would largely add to exemption
from debility, sickness and disease, and would
materially add to the domestic enjoyment and
the average duration of life.
Hygiene for the Aged. — In one of his recent
clinical lectures at Guy's Hospital, London,
Dr. Hibershon referred to the case of an old
man who died simply from the shock produced
by going out into the cold and fog, which
though only an inconvenience to people gener-
ally, was sufficient to lead to a fatal result in
one whose circulation had become enfeebled,
and whose vital force had so nearly lost its
power. Dr. Habershon also alluded to an in-
stance of loogevity of which he had been in-
formed by a gentleman — the case being the
latter's mother, who bad died attho age of 102,
and who, during the winter months, used to re-
fuse to get up, saying thut she was warm only
in bed. To this uniform warm temperature the
fact of her great age was doubtless owing, and
Dr. Habershon urges that in prescribing for
old people they should be advised to keep warm ;
and as they cannot eat much at a meal, they
should take them more frequently. There are
many of them also who wake up at about three
or four o'clock in the morning, and it is a good
plan for them to have some nourishment then;
^otherwise the interval between the night and
morning meals is too long for their declining
strength. The life of the aged may be consid-
erably prolonged by care in these minutiro.
Advice to Bathkrs. — Mr. Young, the Secre-
tary of the Royal Humane Society, publishes
the following excellent advice to bathers:
Avoid bathing within two honrs after a meal.
Avoid bathing when exhausted by fatigue or
any other cause.
Avoid bathing when the body is cooling after
perspiration; but bathe when the body is warm,
provided no time is lost in getting into the
water. Avoid chilling the body by sitting or
standing naked on the banks or in boats after
having been in the water. Avoid remaining too
loug in the water, but leave it immediately there
is the slightest feeling of chilliness. Avoid
battling altogether iu the open air, if after hav-
ing been a short time in the water, there is a
sense of chilliuess, with numbness of the hands
an I feet.
The vigorous and strong may bathe oarly in
the morning on an empty stomach; but the
yonng and those who are weak had better bathe
three hours after a meal; the best time for such
is from two to three honrs after breakfast.
.Those who are subject to attacks of giddiness
and faintness, and those who suffer from palpi-
tation or other sense of discomfort at the heart,
should not bathe without first consulting their
medical adviser.
Whooping-Cough Remedy.— One of the Lon-
don journals contains a statement by Dr. Berry
of his successful treatment of uncomplicated
whooping-cough with diluted nitric acid, in
doses of from five to fifteen minims, according
to age, with simple syrup, given every three or
four hours, alleviated the cough aud spasm,
and apparently cutting short the disease. Dur-
ing an epidemic of disorder he prescribes this
frequently and with very satisfactory results.
He offers no suggestion as to the operation of
the remedy, but he believes its action to be that
of a tonic sedaiive, and antiseptic, and, at the
same time its refrigerating properties are not
to be lost sight of. In all the cases treated he
has, of course, paid attention to the state of
the digestive organs, and in such, as re-
quire it he has given an aperient combined with,
an alterative.
Tonics for Women. — Nothing makes a wo-
man aged more rapidly than overwork — the
reason, propably, that American women fade
so Boon. Sunshine, music, work and sleep
are the grsatest medicines for women, who
neod more sleep than men. Their nerves are
more sensitive aDd they are not so strong, and
exhaustion from labor or pleasure takes plaoe
sooner with them than wita men. Never per-
mit yourself to be roused out of deep sleep iu
the morning. In fact, one should never be
wakened. The body rouses of itself when its
demands are satisfied. Take a warm bath oc-
casionally before going to bed — at least once
week. Retire as soon as you feel sleepy in the
evening; don't rouse yourself and go to work.
You need rest then, and will pay for the tres-
pass on your physical nature the next day if
you dhobey.
UsEfJl. typOF^-pON.
COUGHS AND BRONCHIAL AFFECTIONS. — Afflict-
ed persons will find great relief, and in most
oases a certain remedy, in the following pre-
scription:
Carbonate ammonia, 30 grains; tincture cin-
chona comp., 1 oz.; syrup senna, % oz ; par-
egoric, ya oz. Dissolve the ammonia in the
syrnp by aid of a mortar and then add the
other ingredients.
. Directions. — One teaspoonful half an hour
after each meal, or take the last spoonful on re-
tiring. Shake bottle before pouring.
It was written a number of years since by
Dr. Edwards, one of the most eminent physi-
cianB of New York City. The object in taking
after meals is to allow it to remain on the dis-
eased parts, therefore do not take anything to
remove the taste from the mouth. It will be
put up by any druggist.
Eating Before Sleeping. — It is a common
mistake to suppose that eating before sleeping
is injurious. Not at all ^infrequently does it
happen that people are sleepless for want of
food and a little taken when they first go to bed
or when they thus awake sleepless, will gener-
ally be found more efficacious, and of course,
infinitely less injurious than any drug in (he
chemists pharmacopise. These are the physical
remedies for sleeplessness which have the best
recommendation. As for the moral ones there
is certainly a good deal more to be said. Per-
haps the most stringent of all rules are to avoid
anxiety!" and "don't go to bed owing anybody
a grudge!" chewing the bitter end of a quarrel
IB a thousand fold more injurious to repose than
swallowing a whole teapot of the very greenest
of green tea,
Comparative Tests of Building Material.
The superiority of American steels and irons
to similar grades of metals of foreign produc-
tion has been often asserted; and it is now pro-
posed to definitely settle the point, which is of
the utmost importance in engineering, mechan
ics and agriculture, by a Government commis-
sion. The suggestion comes from the Ameri-
can Society of Civil Engineers, who deputed a
Committee to wait on the House Committee on
appropriations, on January 26th, to urge the
passage of a bill now before the House, which
provides that the President shall appoint a
commission, consisting of a representative each,
from the Engineer, Ordnance, and Navy
corps, the Coast Survey and four civil engi
neers, to serve without pay, to institute and
carry out such a system of tests upon American
building materials, particularly iron aud steel,
as would result in the adoption of a standard
of strength to govern future construction.
Similar experiments have been made in
Europe, and data, for the guidance of archi
tects and for the use of local boards id framing
building regulations, have been obtained.
Hitherto our scieotific men and artificers have
had to use these results; but we hope that im-
proved practice, comprehending the well known
facts as to the excellence of American metals,
will result from the appointment of the pro-
commission.
A Word of Caution. — Experiments by Gal-
letty show how dangerous it is to allow greasy
refuse to lie, even in small quantities, in warm
places. He found that such waste dipped in
hoiled linseed oil, and wrung out, required, at a
temperature of 170 degrees only 1U5 minutes
at the most to take fire, and that the bulk need
not be very great as a match-box full at 167
degrees took fire in one hour. With raw lin-
seed oil it required 4 to 5 hours; with rape oil
at 170 degrees over 6 hours; with castor oil at
185 degrees, over a day; with olive oil 1% hours;
and with sperm oil it would not take fire at all.
The heavy coal aud petroleum oils were found
to retard oxidization by excluding the air. Silk
waste did not take fire, but gun-powder placed in
it was fired in an hour ; and in cotton under simi-
lar oiroumstances only after 1% hours.
Manufacture of Oatmeal.
After the outside hull and the stratum of
down covering the kernel are removed, the clean
grain is ground into meal; aud being deprived
i»t" its tuugu outer covering, c;»re must be taken
lest it be reduced to powder.
The first and most expensive apparatus re-
quired is the kiln for drying or expblling the
moisture from the grain until the kernel is hard
and tli-' hull stiff and rigid. The ordinary kiln
is built of brick or stone, and so arranged as to
distribute the heat equally under and around
the drying floor. This floor consists of sheet-
iron or cast-iron plates thickly perforated with
funnel-shaped holes, the wide end downwards,
Ihufl allowiug the heat and smoke to pass up,
and preventing the oats and dust from pa«siDg
or choking the holes. The roof is constructed
HUe au inverted hopper, with a square openiug
at the top for ventilation, and surmounted by a
cupola with latticed sides. The oats, which are
spread upon the kiln floor, are constantly
stirred, to dissipate the moisture and prevent
the lower strata from being Fcorched, until the
batch is sufficiently dried. In this way, from
150 to GOO bushels per da,1 are kiln dried, accor-
ding to the capacity of the kiln.
Another style of kiln is also in use. This con-
sists of two or more perforated sheet-iron cylin-
ders placed in the furnace one above the other,
and so inclined that the oats gradually move
from the higher to the lower end. The oats,
after passing through the upper cylinder, are
deposited into the upper end of the eecond,and
from the lower end of the second into the upper
end of the third, and so on, the number of cyl-
inders,their length and velocity being governed
by the capacity required. This is, undoubtedly,
much superior to the old style of kiln, as it has
a regular feed and dries the oats much more
evenly and thoroughly. After the oats become
cool, they are ready for shelling.
The stones best adapted for shelling are a
coarse free sand-stone. The bed-stone is faced
perfectly true, but the runner has a bosom of
about ibree-sixteenths of an inch around the
eye and running back to nothing at about two-
thirds of its diameter. The outer stone is
dressed to a true face, corresponding to the bed-
stone. The faces are picked or roughened as
for ordinary grinding, but have no furrows.
The runner is set upon a stiff ryne, keyed to the
spindle. Theryne has three or four arms which
are let into open grains cut into the stone. The
faces of the stone are not allowed to run very
close to each other,bein<5 about a kernel's length
apart. The duster aud fan for removing the
hulls and dust are simple and easily construct-
ed. The grinding is sometimes done on the
hulling stones, but it is generally advisable to
use much smaller stones, furrowed, and having
a smoother and muoh less grinding surface.
The apparatus for bolting and sifting is very
simple in construction, being a series of inclined
sieves placed one above the other. These sieves
are usually made of tin or zinc, into which are
punched round holes of suitable size and suffi-
ciently far apart to allow the hulls to slide
over. The meal passes through these sieves,
while the bran passes over it at the lower end of
each.
The Present Timber Supply for Europe,
and possibly, in the not very remote future, for
the Atlantic States of America, comes, and will
come, from Russia and Finland. Large quan-
tities are obtained from Sweden and Norway,
which contain extensive tracts of forest land;
but the principal resource must be from the
extensive forests of Russia, from which timber
is now imported by Great Britain alone to the
amount of several millions of pounds sterling
annually. From Russia also ultimately will
come the European supplies of furniture and
wooden ware. The Russian market will be for
many years to come an increasing one for all
sorts of wood-working machinery. American
manufacturers who have the sagacity to culti-
vate this market, and the enterprise to be
among the first that enter it, can scarcely fail
to build up a large and profitable trade in
wood-working machinery.
A Beautiful Art — The Japanese make a
beautiful bronze — five parts of tin, ten parts
lead, and 100 parts copper — which is cast in
thin sheets, upon which beautiful designs in
silver is incrusted in the following manner:
The plates are covered with a varnish upon
which the designs are graved with a style, the
plates are then plunged into a suitably prepared
bath to receive a deposit of silver upon the
graved lines. When a sufficient deposit has
been formed on the parts from which the var-
nish has been scratched, the plates are placed
in a mnffle furnace, in which the bronze turns
black and the silver remains white and brilliant,
showing up beautifully by the contrast.
Imitation of Marble that Can be Polished.
An elegant imitation of marble is made in
Dresden for architectural purposes, by impreg-
nating sandstone with silicic acid and alumina.
In Naundorf, such stones are prepared which
are intensely white, transparent, and capable of
taking a polish. By the introduction of suita-
ble pigments in the impregnating mass any de-
sired color is produced. It is stated that the
cost is much less than real marble, while it re-
sistB heat better.
Steel-Bronze Gvns. — We hear from Vienna
that considerable sensation has been produced
in military circles by some brilliant trials of
new Austrian guns in steel and bronze. They
have proved superior to Krupp's cast-steel
guns.
Domestic Eco^o^y.
How to Prepare Feathers for Use.
Make bags of coarse unbleached cloth— one
to contain ihe geese aud ducks' feathers, and
the other for chickens' aud turkeys' feathers.
When plucking the poultry, cut off the wings
first; and if not needed for dusters, strip off the
feathers from the parts nearest the body, and
then peel off the feathery part from the quill,
but take care that no skin or flesh adheres to
any of the feathers. Put the bags into a brick
oven, if you are the fortunate possessor of one,
and keep them there, excepting when the oven
is used for bukiug purposes — taking them out
into the wind occasionally, and beatiug them
with a stick. When you have collected enough
to fill a pillow, cut the shape you desire out of
bed-ticking, and stitch it round on the wrong
side with coarse, well-waxed thread, leaving a
small space at the top to put in the feathers.
Now lay it on a table, and rub it over on the
wrong side with a piece of beeswax, just warm-
ed a little, bo that it will besmear the tioking.
If you cannot obtain the beeswax, common yel-
low soap will do as well.
If you do not wish to use the feathers either
for pillows or sofa cushions, they can be put
into beds that have become a little empty. The
geese and duck feathers make the best beds, but
the mixed feathers will do well for cushions.
If any of the skin or flesh adheres to the feath-
ers they will have a putrid odor, which may
seem to be an unsurmountable objection to
their use; but if, attera family wash is finished,
the bag, tied up closely at the neck, is put into
the boiler of soapsuds and boiled a few moments,
moving it about with the clothes stick, and lift-
ing it up and down and squeezing it out a few
times, and is then taken out and hung in the
air, and shaken hard, for several days, when
the feathers beoome dry they will be light and
free from any bad smell; and they can now be
put into the oven, and thus kept from moths
and be always ready for use — Country Gentle-
man.
French Cream Cake.— Beat three eggs aud
and one cup of sugar together thoroughly; add
two tablespoonfuls of cold water; stir a tea-
spoonful of baking powder into a cup and a
half of flour; sift the flour in, stirring all the
time in one direction. Bake in two thin cakes,
split the cakes while hot, and fill with prepared
cream in the following manner: To a pint of
new milk, add two tablespoonfuls of corn-
starch, one beaten egg, one-half cup of sugar;
stir while cooking, and when hot put in a
piece of butter the size of an egg; flavor the
cream slightly with lemon, vanilla or pine-
apple.
How to Use Chloride of Lime. — Eckstein, a
technical chemist of Vienna, after comparative
tests with the other disinfecting agents, recom-
mends chloride of lime as decidedly the best
for water closets, cesspools, etc., and attributes
its efficacy and its rapid action iu decomposing
hydrogen compounds, such as ammonia sul-
phurretted hydrogen, etc. He regards as the
chief objection to its general use, its unpleasant
effect ou the organs of respiration, and states
that this can be remedied, and its action regu-
lated, by enveloping it in a bag of parchment
paper, which acts osmotically, and is decom-
posed slowly by it.
Why Brown or Raw Suoabs are not
Good for Preserving Fruit. — Raw or brown
sugars generally contain a certain proportion
of glucose, a fermentable non-crystal Usable
sugar, which is a source of great trouble in
fruit preserving. Sugar to be used for this
purpose should be in crystals, as that form
precludes the possibility of any impurity being
present. Loaf-sugar may be used with advan-
tage, as being free from the impurities men-
tioned, and not liable to ferment.
Door-Mats. — Mats should be laid outside of
all doors, to atop the currents of cold air that
come from under them; and they should fit the
doors exactly, for if they do not they are rather
more ornamental than useful. The large,
square mats are now seldom used, excepting in
houses where large and handsome doors de-
mand them; but the narrow mats, only twelve
or eighteen inches in width, look best in
limited space, and serve the requisite purpose.
Oranges, Bananas and Cocoanuts. — Cut
oranges through the sections into handsome
slices. Place a layer in a high glass dish.
Sprinkle the orange with fine sugar, and a layer
of grated cocoanut; lay thin slices of banana
on this, sprinkle cocoanut, then another layer
of orange, sugar, cocoanut and banana until
the dish is full. Place on ice for an hour be-
fore serving. From "Choice Receipra.
Furniture Polish. — An excellent furniture
polish is made of ten cents worth of beeswax
placed in a tin cup and melted in a hot oven.
Into this pour two ounces of turpentine and
let it stand to cool. Apply it briskly to the
furniture with a woolen rag, and give it a finish-
ing rub with an old Bilk handkerchief. This
polish is almoBt equal to a coat of varnish.
To Preserve Butter. — Take two parts of
the best common salt, one part of loaf sugar
and one of saltpetre; beat them well together.
To sixteen ounces of butter thoroughly cleansed
from the milk, put one ounce of. this composi-
tion; work it well, and put it down in earthen-
ware jars when cold and firm. It Bhould be
kept from the air and not used for a month.
152
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 6, 1875
W. B. EWER Sbnioe Editoe.
DEWEY «fc CO., T*u.t>lislier6.
A T. DEWEY, GEO. H. BTBONO
W. B. EWEB, «K>. 1. BOOKE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Hates:
Sxtbbobiptions payable in advance — For one year, $4 ;
Bli months, $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at our risk
Advertising Rates.— 1 week. 1 monxh. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.u0 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.0O 7.50 24.00
Oneinch 1.50 4.00 12.00 40.00
Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special of
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
inserted at special rates.
San. Franoisoo:
Saturday Morning, March 6, 1875
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL NEWS.-
Japanese Wrecks; Concentration of Ores; Academy
of Sciences; Among the Foundries and Machine
Shops; Taxing Mines, 152. Recent Patents; Santa
Oruz Ruins; Origin of California Lava Shells, 153.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— H. H. Oakes Patent Quick-
silver Strainer; Sectional Elevation of Strainer, 145.
Ruins Near Santa Oruz, 153.
CORRESPONDENCE.— Solano County Mines -The
St. John; Australian Colonies — American Patents;
Mining in Montana; Printing and Block Making,
146-
MECHANICAL PROGRESS. — Rivets on Iron
Ships— Something New; DiFtribution of Steam; Iron
Bridges; Bells and Age; A Railroad on Ice; Leather
Board for Roof Covering; Relative Strength of Solid
and Hollow Iron Columns; Steel Bronze; Dangerous
Boilers; Elevated Railroads, 147-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Artificial Production
of Precious Stones; Science vs. Spiritism; Interesting
Experiment; Earth to Earth;' Spontaneous Combus-
tion of Charcoal; Eclipse of the Sun, 147-
USEFUL INFORMATION. — Manufacture of
Oatmeal; A Word of Caution; Comparative TeBts of
Building Material; The Present Timber Supply for
Europe; A Beautiful Art; Imitation of Marble that
Can be Polished, 147-
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock
Market for the Week, 148.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California and Nevada, 148-9.
GOOD HEALTH. -How to Live Ninet- Years;
Hygiene for the Aged; Coughs and Bronehial Affec-
tions; Eating Before Sleeping; Advice to Bathers;
Whooping Cough Remedy; Tonics for Women. 151.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— How to Prepare Feath-
ers for Use: French Cream Cake; How to Use Chloride
of Lime; Why Brown or Raw Sugars are not Good for
Preserving Fruits; Door-Mats; Oranges, Bananas and
Cocoanuts; Furniture Polish; To Preserve Butter,
161.
MISCELLANEOUS. — Tests of the Haskins' En-
gine; Mining at Grass Valley; Asbestos, 146- The
King Bird; Agricultural Matters at the University: A
Wonderful Coal Discovery near Dayton; Sending Par-
cels by Mail; The Stayton Mines, 150.
The Virginia Enterprise states that prospect-
ing is wonderfully active at present in all direc-
tions about the city, notwithstanding the depth
of snow still remaining on the ground, and the
somewhat unsettled state of the weather. When
spring comes the hills will be alive with men,
and the clank of machinery and the scream of
steam whistles will be heard iu many wild
places.
Bethesda mineral water from Waukesha,
Wisconsin, is much used in this State. This
water, from nature's laboratories, is clear,
sparkling, and pleasant to the taste. It is
claimed to possess wonderful curative proper-
ties, and for kidney disease is a specific. For
persons who indulge in viuous and alcoholic
stimulants, the water is an invigorating drink.
It acts as a mild cathartic, which makes it in-
valuable to many persons. The agents, whose
card appears in our advertising columns, show
many testimonials to the virtue of Bethesda
water.
The Petaluma Argus says a rich lode of
quicksilver has been discovered on the ranch
of A. P. Whitney, on the South Eel river. Nu-
merous prospectors have visited the place in
the last few days, and the ledge has been loca-
ted for nine miles in length.
Tee new air shaft on the Belcher mine iB
down to the 800-ft, level, and its good effects is
already being felt throughout the entire mine
It is being thoroughly timbered, preparatory
to continuing it on down to connect with the
lower levels of the mine.
The new or Talbot coalmines, near Seattle,
are now going forward in development. The
tunnel is now 420 feet long and still extending
day and night. There are 12 feet of coal in the
seam, with a half inch of shale or slate in the
center.
Thomas Lyons, late Superintendent of the
Sapphire and Devil's Gate mill, has been ap-
pointed Superintendent of the Woodworth
mill, on the Carson river.
John P. Shear has sold his interest — one-
half — in the Veith & Shear hydraulic claim on
Tunnel Kidge, Calaveras county, to his former
partner, for $2,500.
Mb. Skidmore tells us that while at Gold
Run the other day, the Indiana Hill cement
company washed out $126 from one bucket full
of dirt.
Japanese Wrecks.
At the last meeting of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences, Charles Wolcott Brooks read
a paper giving an account of the Japanese
wrecks picked up adrift on the North Pacific,
and stranded upon the different outlying islands
and shores of our northwest coast, and the
chain of islands extending from Hawaii toward
Niphon. The. paper itself was simply a record
of 41 junks which had been picked up adrift
or stranded from 1782 to the present time, but
Mr. Brook's conclusions were of scientific in-
terest. His sources of knowledge are excep-
tionally good, as he has represented the Japan-
ese Government in this city for 17 years, and
has paid great interest to the subject. He is
investigating the question of the origiu of the
Japanese.
Before reading his paper Mr. Brooks ex-
plained that every junk found adrift or strand-
ed on the coast of North America or the
Hawaiian Islands, has on examination proved
to be Japanese, and no single instance of any
Chinese vessel has ever been reported. He ex-
plains this by the existence of the '"Kuro
Siwa," or "Kuro Sibo" (literally black stream),
a gulf stream of warm water which sweeps
around past Japan toward the north and then
curving around passes south along the coast of
California, a branch or eddy of which strikes
off toward the Hawaiian islands. This stream
corresponds somewhat to the Gulf stream of the
Atlantic. It is found that this stream has
Bwept these junks toward America at an aver-
age rate of ten miles per day. There also exists
an ocean stream of cold water emerging from
the Arctic ocean, which sets south close along the
Asiatic coast, fully accounting for the absence
of disabled Chinese junks in the Pacific, as ves-
sels off these coasts would naturally drift south-
ward.
About the year 1630 the Japanese Govern-
ment ordered all junks to be built with open
sterns, and large square rudders, unfit for
ocean navigation, hopiDg thereby to keep their
people isolated within their own islands. When
forced out to sea, these rudders are soon wash-
ed away, when the vessels naturally fall off into
the trough of the sea, and roll their masts out.
The number which have thus suffered of which
no record exists, must be very large. A notice-
able feature in the list given by Mr. Brooks, is
that a large number of the disasters on the
coast of Japan occurred in the month of Jan-
uary, during which season the northeast mon-
soons blow the wrecks directly off shore into
the Kiro Siwa.
Mr. Brooks, who, as already remarked has
studied the question thoroughly, drew some in-
teresting conclusions from these records, show-
ing that among the coast tribes of our north-
west coast, a constant but limited infusion of
Japanese blood has occurred, coming entirely
from male Japanese seamen; no single record
of any female exists. These unfortunate men,
often illiterate, and separated from their sources
of learning, necessarily lost their own language,
but in doing so, doubtless contributed many
insulated words to the Indian dialects of this
coast; as for example, the Japanese word for
quick is hiaco, and Chenook word for speed is
hyack. The Chenook word is always an abbre-
viated word, or shorter word than the Japanese,
from which he argued, that the latter was the
original and the former derived. The construc-
tion of the two languages is, however, differ
enfc.
In giving the list of wrecks Mr. Brooks men-
tions a singular circamstance. He says that in
1782 a Japanese junk was wrecked upon the
Aleutian islands, from which the survivors
were taken in one of the Russian-American
company's vessels to the town of Ouhotsk, and
thence to the inland city of Irkutsk. In 1792
the Governor-General of Siberia ordered the
transport "Catherine, " then at Ochotsk, to re-
turn these men to their native country. The
Kussian vessel, after wintering in a harbor at
the north end of Tesso, proceeded to the port
of Hakodate, where the Japanese officials
politely but firmly refused to allow their coun-
trymen to land. They were subsequently re-
turned to Siberia again.
In 1833 a Japanese junk was wrecked on the
coast of Washington territory, between Point
Grenville and Cape Flattery. Many of her
crew had perished, and several dead bodies
were found headed up in firkins, in the custom-
ary Japanese. style, ready for burial. The only
survivors, two men and a boy, were rescued
from the Indians by the Hudson Bay company's
vessel "Lama," Captain McNeal, who took
them to England, touching at Honolulu on
their way. Thence they proceeded to Canton,
where they arrived in 1836, and stopped with
Mr. Gutztaff, who learned their language, and
intended accompanying them to Japan. In
1837 they left Macao in the American ship
"Morrison," dispatched by Clarence A. King
for Yeddo bay, to bear them home. Being-fired
upon, and prevented from landing, she sailed
for Eagosima, where, being equally unsuccess-
ful, she finally returned with the men to Macao.
In both instances the Japanese refused to re-
ceive their shipwrecked countrymen because
they had been in foreign countries and might
have learned something detrimental to what
were thought to be the best interests of the peo-
ple. Happily, Japan, is now more enlight-
ened.
Results of Concentration of Ores.
A gentleman well known in mining circles
has given us the following statement of the first
run of the new concentrating works of Cazin &
Fischer, in Denver, Colorado. The method of
concentration is known as Cazin's one plunger
jig system.
The ore operated on was twelve tons of tel-
lurium, mixed with iron pyrites, from Gold
Hill, (Col.,) assaying before concentration as
follows: Silver, $14.70 (eleven and three-tenths
ounces); gold, $43.40 (two and . one-tenth
ounces') ; total coin value per ton, $58. 10. The
assays after concentration gave as follows:
Silver, $117.91 (ninety-one and two-tenths
ounces); gold, $262. 50 (twelve and seven-tenths
ounces). Total coin value per ton, $380.40;
increase in value by concentration, $322.31.
The tailings assayed three and one hundred
and eighty-seven one-thousandths ounces in
silver, and one hundred and twenty one-thou-
sandths ounces in gold; value, $6.27 per ton.
The concentrated material could not be
weighed correctly for this lot, being the first
fill up of the batteries, jigs, etc. It will be
seen by the concentration that about 8% t°ns
have been concentrated into one. It will also
be seen that the concentration of gold is not in
the same ratio as that of the silver, the latter
increase being 11.3 to 91.2, or 8 3-10 times. If
the gold had increased in the same proportion
they should have had 16.6 ounces instead of
12.7. It is supposed that the gold will be
found in the jigs, sieves, etc., where it would
probably remain on account of its great specific
gravity.
Looking at this from a metallurgical point of
view anyone will at once see the value of con-
centration. Few smelters would pay anything
for ore assaying 11 ounces of silver and two
ounces of gold. After concentration the smel-
ter would pay about $290. The cost of con-
centrating is about $3 per ton or $24 for the
eight tons, leaving a balance to the miner of
$266, or $33 per ton.
The process not only increases the amount of
gold and silver but its value also. Ores assaying
50 ounces are worth about 45 cents per ounce
when a 400 ouuee ore is worth $1.04 per ounce.
Concentration is based on the difference of spe-
cific gravity between the metal and the gangue.
The greater this difference the more easy the
separation. The ore referred to above as ope-
rated on had a specific gravity of 2.7 for gangue
and 4.5 for the pyrites, while a lead ore would
have stood gangue 2.7, galena, 7.75. The sam-
ples assayed were taken, not when the concen-
trator was working at ihe most favored mo-
ment, but from the general average at its nom-
inal working condition. It will be remembered
that we described Cazin's one plunge jig system
a few months ago, and the process is probably
familiar to those interested in the concentration
of ores. The gentleman who furnised the
above facts was staying in Denver at the time
the works started and being interested in the
subject paid it close attention. He is in no way
or shape interested in the works mentioned.
Academy of Sciences.
A regular meeting of the California Academy
of Sciences was held on Monday evening last,
K. E. C. Stearns in the chair. The donations
to the museum were as follows: Nine bone
bodkins, from an Indian mound twenty-five
feet deep and covering two acres of ground, in
Visitacion valley, South San Francisco; also
specimens of bog iron from Queen Charlotte's
Island; bog coal from Oak Yah3, near Victoria,
and Indian stone pistols from "Visitacion valley
— all from James Deane. Species of the ostrea,
much larger than the ostrea or the 0. Taylori-
ana of "Whitney, from Mrs. John Torrence, at
San Marguerite Island, near Paso Bobles, San
Luis Obispo couuty. Specimens of petrifica-
tion, from James Green of Monterey couniy.
Mandarian duck, sent by Professor Davidson
from Yokahama. A lot of specimen minerals
from E. O. McDevitt, of Brisbane, Australia.
The Secretary read a paper by S. P. Christy,
entitled "Notes on a Meteor seen at Bsrkeley,
December 9th, 1874."
The publication Committee recommended the
reading of a paper, byE. B. Kirk, "On Changes
of Life in North America, ' ' which was published
in one of the magazines.
Charles Wolcott Brooks read a paper giving
a record of the wrecks of Japanese junks, which
is referred to in another column.
The death o f Sir Charles Lyell was announced
to the Academy, and a committee appointed to
make fitting allusion to his death.
Mr. J. W. Taylor, formerly of the State Cab-
inet of Natural History aud Geology, will
shortly deliver a course of four lectures on
Geology and Natural History, in the hall of the
Academy. The lectures are independent of the
Academy of Sciences, and $2 will be charged
for the course.
Among the Foundries and Machine Shops.
The activity in the foundries and machine
to which we referred two weeks since
continues. A number of new contracts have
been made by different firms since our last re-
port.
The Fulton Iron Works
Are engaged in constructing twin propeller en
gines 14x12 for a lumber schooner now being
built to the order of Messrs, A. Duncan & Co.
An engine 14x18 and mill machinery complete
for a saw mill at Eel river is also being built
here for the Springville Mill Co. This firm in,
addition to the above are building two large
condensers for the New Almaden mines, and
are just completing the iron work on an $80,-
000 contract for Flood & O'Brien's new iron
building on Montgomery corner of Pine street.
A contract has also just been awarded the Ful-
ton works for the construction of two engines
20x22 in. bore each, two 74 in, boilers and all
the requisite machinery for a new steamer to
ply between this city and Humboldt bay.
Pacific Iron Works.
At these works is being constructed a hois/
ing engine and apparatus for tbe new shaft of
the Consolidated Virginia and California mines.
The engine will be 26x72 in. and will be from
two to three months in the process of building.
The Golden State Foundry
Messrs. Palmer, Knox & Co., proprietors of
the Golden Gate foundry, have just finished a
very complete five-stamp battery to be used in
a Mexican mine. It will be sent by steamer to
Mazatlan, and then packed inland on mules; its
weightis but little over 800 pounds.
The firm is alBO engaged in filling a large con-
tract for 2,600 ft. of 6 in. tubing for air com-
pressor at the Imperial silver mine, Gold Hill,
Nevada.
A New Foundry. -
Messrs. McCormick & Lewis are actively en-
gaged in the construction of a new foundry on
Beale street just below Folsom. It is to be a
frame building, at present one story high, and
fronting sixty feet on Beale street. The firm
contemplates the prosecution of a general foun-
dry business, with, however, principal reference
to architectural castings. They expect to have'
their building completed and their work in;
operation in about thirty days. The seniort
member of the firm, Mr. McCormick, has long
been a paitnerin the Vallejo foundry. Mr.
Lewis waB formerly with the City iron works.-
The main north drift on the 1500-ft. level of
the California mine extending through to the
Ophir, is being enlarged to 10 ft. in hight by
6% ft. in width, forming a magnificent air gal-
lery, extending from the Consolidated Virginia
to the Ophir. The advantages of such an open-
ing between two mines at such a depth is al-
most incalculable, and will amply repay the
amount expended in its construction.
Taxing Mines.
At a most every session of Congrpss, somei
euterprising gentleman raises the question of:
the taxation of mines, or has a scheme fori
working the mines to pay off the National debt.'
Considering how *ery little attention our legis-t
lators pay to the mining interests generally ,.
this is somewhat singular. It serves, however,]
to bring some one into temporary prominenoe;
and give them a chance to air their eloquence.!
Of course it is only those who are entirely)
ignorant of mining matters who broach these
questiore; people who hear about and believe
stories about rock assaying $5,000 per ton and
a hundred thousand tons in sight in a single
mine. The latest instance of this sort occurred!
this week at "Washington. Mr. Alcorn, of thfli
Committee on Mines and Mining, offered at
amendment to tax all corporations working
gold and silver, five per cent, on all product!
over $100,000 per annum. After considerable
discussion the amendment was defeated by i\
large majority.
We must confess that we do not know any
thing much of Mr. Alcorn; his name expresses
familiarity with agricultural, rather than min
eral products; but we are glad to know tha!
bis project was defeated. He . very probably!
like many other men, based his ideas of th
profits of mining matters on the recent occufl
rences on the Com stock, imagining that bo
nanzas of greater or smaller degree, were com f
mon occurrences. He thought that since miner
were making money out of the ground the;
were getting more than they ought to reason
ably lor their labor. It is, in fact, veryseidon'
that miners now-a-days make any great foi
tunes without hard work for it. Speculator)
in mining stocks sometimes do this, but the
are not miners, nor do they usually get thei
riches from the mines. It seems strange tin
after so many years so little is known by th;
public generally about mining affairs. The
entertain extravagant ideas about profits an '
cost of work, and no doubt there are plenty c ,
people who really think the miners should pa |
ihe National debt, and believe they could do i j
The Black Hills. — Considerable interest : f
btill manifested in the Black Hills region, an
it is probable that before many many yeai
that county will be thoroughly prospeotei;
Special dispatches from Sioux city say : The:
is a great excitement in that vicinity ar
Dakota over reports brought by two retui
Black Hills miners, both of whom are wc
known and reliable men. They represent th,
gold is plentiful, and that the miners now i
tbose hills have had no trouble with the I:
dians, and have wintered comfortably. A
immense emigration to the hills in expect*
this spring.
March 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
153
Recent Patents.
Among the Pacific coast patents recently
>btaintd through Dewey & Co's Mining
jip Scientific Piikss American and Foreign
Patent Agency, the following are worthy of
nention :
Gi.No Plow. — Howes, Dorr and Webster,
Stockton. This invention is claimed id be aD
approvement on that class of gang plows in
rbich a Beriea of two or more plows are se-
;ur<*d to a diagonal timber, which timber forms
>art of the plow frame. The plows are faa-
ened to a diugoual timber which is htrength-
•iinl by three parallel beams connected at the
Dtbt- r end by a transverse brum. Each plow
itandard is cast with two arms to which a hori-
lontal flange is secured, the standard being se-
sand to the timber by t-crews. By this means
;he plows are easily removable. A dr ft at-
aohment is provided by omploying a bar where
opposite ends are bent upwards and fitted in
Knovus or slides oq the inner sides of the
nun. These ends are secured at the desired
Mint by a screw moving in a slot. The frame
s mounted on castor wheels which can be ad-
justed up or down so as to raise or lower the
tlowH, and a handle at the end enables the
river to shift the frame. Tbns an adjustable
flraft attachment is provided to raise or lower
the point of the plows and regulating the width
" the furrow.
Impeoved Riddle ron Sepaeatobs. — Nathnn
M. Brown, Pescadero, San Mateo county, Cal-
ifornia. This device relates to improvements
m that cla&s of riddles for separators in which
one or more riddle sections are hinged together
and mounted inside the separator frame. The
riddle is constructed in two or more sections,
each of which is fitted inside of the separator
frame. Across this frame are stretched paral-
lel wires, one end of wbich are fastened to the
under side of the frame, while the others are
fastened to the upper side. The sections ore
connected by means of hinges, so that tbe end
of one screen will be below the other; thus
connected they are secured inside the frame
by link hangers at one end, while tbe other is
supported Jby a rod. A shaft, provided with
arms, to each end of wbich is attaehed a crank
wheel, supports the rear end of the riddle, by
which means a slight inclination is provided,
and a blast of wiud is secured the whole
length of the boxes.
Machine fob TrjBNTXG Globdxae Fobms. —
Andrew J. Kane, San Francisco. This is a
machine intended more especially 'for turning
soap balls, but which can also be used for turn-
ing globular forms in other substances. In op-
erating, the crude material is placed upon a
table directly under a ring which, stands verti-
cally and is controlled at pleasure, into which
the material is forced. The ring is theu turned
to a horizontal position and the material is
brought in contact with a machine concave in
form, which cuts it into a hemispherical form.
The ring is then rotated, the machine stt in
motion and tbe material shaped upon the
table in a globular form.
Impeoved Suspension Buckle. — Edwin J.
Fraser, San Francisco. This device is intended
as an improvement in buckles now in use for
fastening stocking or other suspenders. The
buckle is constructed of a narrow strip of plate
metal with an end bent so as to form a hook;
to the other end is secured a wire riDg through
which passes an elastic band. Around the
body of the plate is secured a fiat, sliding band,
and to the lower edge of which is secured a
bent lip, which passes over the edge of the
hook, and when pushed down beside the fabric
so that it can only be released at the pleasure
of the wearer.
Impeoved Wateb Metee. — Nathaniel W .
Knowlton, Nevada City, California. This is
a simple but ingenious device for measuring
the flow of water through the pipes. It is
operated automatically, and by means of two
cylinders, one working within the other.
a valve is operated which opens and
oloBes subject to tbe discharge of the water.
The smaller cylinder, which raises and lowerB,
forcipg open the valve, strikes an arm in its
movements, to which a register is attacbed,
which measures the amount of water flowing
through the pipes.
Impeoved Rifle Sight. — Thomas Dunstone,
Santa Cruz, California. This invention relates
to an improvement in the front Bights for rifles,
by means of which one or two different kinds
of sights are easily and quickly substituted for
the other. These sights are mounted upon a
sleeve fitted to turn upon the barrel so that
either sight can be brought to the top of the
barrel, and there secured by a set screw after
being properly adjusted by a gauge or mark.
The rotating sleeve is so arranged as to be set
back in caBe a bayonet is used upon the rifle.
Deill. — George Atkinson, San Francisco.
This is an improved churn drill for perforating
rocks, and consists in a novel method of oper-
ating and rotating the drill and the construc-
tion of the frame, so that it and the machinery
connected therewith can be easily taken apart.
The drill may be worked vertically or at an
angle, and by an ingenious arrangement of
guiding arm, cam and ratchet, while the drill
is allowed to fall by its own weight, or if that is
insufficient for the purpose required, provision
is made for adding a spring or other weight.
The Santa Cruz "Ruins.''
About six miles east of Santa Cruz, and well
np into tbe mountains, there are found some
very singular samples of weather-worn Band-
stone, which from their remarkable resemblance
to architectural remains have been designated
as "The Santa Cruz Ruins," or tho "Ruined
City." The illustration given herewith pre-
sents a very correct representation of them as
they appear when two or three feet of the sur-
face sand is removed from tbe front. The
"ruius" are found on a steep hillside of loo e
pand, almost entirely destitute of vegetation.
The distance from tbe lowest portion of the
pillars which support the arches, as shown, to
the top of the highest column on the left is
about twelve feet. A person can readily place
himself in the opening behind the columns,
but farther progress is cut off by the sand
which has fallen down and appears to envelop
other pillars beyond. The pillars are made up
of concentric layers of stone, easily separated,
and which are perforated through the center as
shown in the two pieces which have fallen
down. When first brought to the attention of
travelers some twenty-five years ago, there
were columus of concentric layers upon the
right hand sidp, similar to those upon the left,
hut being less firm in position th*y have been
thrown down and mostly carried off by curi-
osity hunters.
There is no doubt bnt that other deposits, or
Origin of California Land Shells.
The following paper was read by Dr. J. G.
Cooper, formerly of the State Geological Sur-
vey, at a recent meeting of the California
Acmleiny of Sciencts:
In previous Articles I have given some obser-
vations on the Distribution and Variations of
the California Bunded Laud Shells, which nat-
urally lead to tbe consideration of their prob-
able origin or past history.
In the " Bulb-tin of the Museum of Compar-
ative Zoology, Cambridge. Massachusetts, June
1H73," p. Ju*i, Mr. W. G. Biuuey writes: "The
West aloue is is left to us from whence to trace
tbo pulmonale Fauna of tbe Pacific region,
aud there the secret of its origin lies buried
under the Pticific ocean."
Mr. Binuey probably alluded to the supposed
existence of an oceanic continent iu the South
Pacific, embracing the mountain summits now
forming the archipelago of Oceania, wbich be-
came submerged, as Professor Dana suggests,
during the luttor tertiary period, while mo»t of
California was emerging from the ocean.
When California Rose from the Sea.
But even if this were proved to have hap-
pened; the great distance of the nearest islands
(the Hawaiian) from us, and the great depth of
ihe ocean between, as well as north of them,
besides the total dissimilarity of their living
land shells from ours, forbids any supposition
of a former land connection by which such ani-
mals could travel directly from one country to
THE "RUINS" NEAR SANTA CRUZ, CAL.
concretions, exist in other positions, further up
the hill, but now buried in the loose sand, as
detached pieces are met with at an elevation of
many feet above the locality showD, which, of
course, must have come from etill further above.
Many perFoos have supposed that these are
genuine architectural ruins, and an effort was
made some five or six years ago to remove the
sand from around tbem so as to lay open to
view tbe base of the supposed pillars; but the
sand flowed in about as fast as it could be re-
moved, and the attempt was given up. These
singular rocks are, no doubt, the remains of an
ancient spring whose waters contained ferugin-
ous or other solutions, which have, served to so
indurate the sandstone in immediate contact
with the water flow, so as to admit of its with-
standing the disintegrating action of the ele-
ments, which has gradually worn away the sur-
rounding rock, and converted it into a loose
sand. By such action a pile of rocks would
naturally be left standing just as shown, to be
gradually broken down and worn away, as are
other rocks of not very firm cohesion. The
country rock is chiefly sandstone, interstrati-
fied here and there with slates.
A small stream of water flows along, some
three hundred feet in front and sixty or seventy
ff et below the spot shown; while a much larger
one skirts the opposite side of the hill, into
which tbe smaller one empties, a short distance
to the west of the base of tbe hill. The action
of these two streams, aided by the winter rains,
is gradually washing away the sand hill, and
will in time, no doubt, completely unearth all
that remains of these singular concretions.
Several very inaccurate views of these
"ruins" have been given, one of which ap-
peared in Frank Leslie's paper of June, 1858,
which represent a stream of water as issuing
out from beneath the arches shown in our illus-
tration, while as a matter of fact the stream is
several hundred feet distant, and nearly a hun-
dred feet below; otherwise that illustration was
quite correct. The illustration given in the
California Geological Reports is quite as far
from a genuine representation as it is from the
one given herewith. In fact, we believe this is
the only correct representation of this singular
locality wbich has ever been presented to the
public. Those who have visited it will at odco
recognize its correctness. The "ruins" are lo-
cated upon the ranch of Mr. D. M. Locke, the
husband.
the other. A' glance at a globe shows (hat
the islands, besides being tropical and wholly
south of latitude 23°, are as far from us as the
Aleutian islands, the Arctio ocean or Florida;
and I propose to show that whatever migration
to California has ever occurred came from the
direction of the regions named last. No confir-
mation is given to a derivation from the west
by the more probable former existence of an
"Atlantis" connecting the two continents across
the Atlantic, the few island remnants of which
really contain several Bpecies of land shells
common to one or both sides. The great simi-
larity of our banded groups to those of Europe
has always been an argument for supposing
them to have had a common origin. The same
similarity is found in many others of our animals
as well as plunts and is plainly connected with
the well known similarity of climates in tbe two
countries; but as the known laws of nature do
not permit us to consider
Climates as the Cause of Specific Resemblances,
We must look for some other way of accounting
for them in this case. The fact that very similar
species exist in Japan and the Amoor valley,
Siberia, contradict-*, indeed, the theory of cli-
matic causes, since we know that the climate of
those regions i6 very similar to that of our At-
lantic States, where no similar species exist, at
the same time their existence there suggests the
probable central point from which all origin-
ated. Going back in geological history to the
supposed beginning of a'l living species, few if
any, of the terrestrial can be traced further back
than the Eocene Tertiary, and most of them
much less far. But some included in the com-
prehensive genus " Felix," are found fossil in
the Eocene of Nebraska, etc., sufficiently like
the living American forms to be considered the
" Darwinian" ancesters of perhaps the whole of
them ! Or we may go back only to the Miocene
epoch, when trees scarcely discernahle from the
California redwood and Libocedras flourished in
Greenland and Spitzbergen, between latitude
70 and 78 degrees. What is more natural than
to to suppose that land shells also, like those
now living among our redwoods and cedars ex-
isted in the shade of those trees? I have no
doubt that such will yet be found fossil in the
lignite beds of the Arctic zone.
Where the Redwoods Came From.
It is easy then to see, that having their central
position (if not origin) in points bo near the
present North Pole, the subsequent gradual
cooling of those regions, which is supposed to
have driven the liviug species of redwoods
southward to California and Japan, as well as
Other trees into Europe, would, if a slow
change of climate, hIso drive southward the
land mollusca, "at a snail's pace" into the same
regious, where we now find their decendants
occupying countries which are about equidis-
taut in longitude around tbe Northern Hemis-
phere, in latitude 40 deg. and 50 deg.
We have strong confirmation of this theory
iu the well known distribution of circum-polar
species of laud shells southward, ou both con-
tinents along meridians of similar temperatures
aud along mountain ranges; (especially those
ruuuing southward as in America), and which
are supposed to have thus migrated south dur-
ing the "Glacial epoch."
Tertiary Remains of Animals.
Besides these two groups, the "circum-polar"
and the "representative" species, we al-o have-
on the west slope a very few of the Eastern
American type. I do not, however, consider
these as evidence of migration westward, but
would explain their occurrence as proving a
foimer existence of ancestors common to both
in the middle regioos of Oregon and Nebraska,
where are found so many tertiary remains of
animals that once inhabited both regions before
the Hoc ky mountains became a barrier to mi-
gration or caused different climates. The few
fossil land shells yet found in California are
not sufficiently abundant or ancient to furnish
data for their geological history. The fresh-
water forms, however, indicate a very different
and more tropical group in the pliocene and
miocene strata, which I hope at some future
time to describe and illustrate. The occurrence
of pupa and cornulus in the carboniferous strata
of Nova Scotia shows that lund-shells existed
long before the Eocene period. The great
northern glacial period, and local glaciers
further south, have so generally destroyed the
softer tertiary deposits, that it must be long
before the traces of a migration can be traced
from Greenlaad southward, but as tertiary
laud plants are found there fossil, some similar
deposits must have escaped -elsewhere. There
can be no doubt that the local migratiou hus
been westward along this coast, from the facts
before stated as to the occurrence of species iu
the coast ranges and islands, which are unques-
tionably miocene and pliocene in age, while
their allies in the Sierra Nevada may have ex-
isted there since the Eocene, bnt at a greater
elevation than they are now found. As they
move westward, we also find the few older
forms developing into many "speoializ- d" va-
rieties. Species much like the living ones of
California may bB expected to occur in the pli-
ocene of British Columbia. Going south of
California we find further confirmation of the
theory of southern migratioD, in Mexico, where
species closely resembling the Pomatia of Eu-
rope occur on the higher mountains, whieh,
unless special creations, could only have
reached the two regions by a process like that
wbich I have described. Tbe genera Bulimvs,
Glaudiana and ClavsUia may also have traversed
a similar route, though their absence in
The Tertiary Strata of the Eastern States
"Seems to be evidence to the contrary. They
may, however, be found in the territory of tbe
"Great Basin," which is koown to contain fos-
sils of some other genera now found only south
of the United States (Berendtia and Holospvra).
Indications, however, are known which, point
to a connection of tropical regions by laud in
tertiary times, independent of a polar route.
The suppostd "Atlantis" connecting South
America with Africa would also have connected
it eastwardly with Asia and Oceania.
The Humble and Despised Snail
Thus become among the most important evi-
dences of geological changes and conditions of
the laud, climate, etc, in the past history of
the globe. Being terrestrial and easily pre-
served, when of moderated thickness, they fur-
nish evidence not supplied by any other class
of fossils, while their persistency of typos is
shown by tbe close resemblance of the carbon-
iferous species to modern tropical forms. One
species at least is found only fossil in England
(in pliocene or later strata) which stilJ lives in
the Eastern States, like the trees found under
similar conditions, aud careful examination of
fossil forms on both continents will no doubt
show other curious coincidences. It may be
mentioned, also, that genera, of abundant oc-
currence in the Eastern States, have as few
representatives in Europe and Asia as they have
on this coast. Every fact like this tends to
prove that their former migrations have not
been to the east or west, but from a common
northern center toward the south.
Paeties just from Galice Creek, Oregon, says
the Jacksonville Times, express the opinion
that the ledge lately discovered by D. Courtney
is likely to prove richer than the other quartz
mines found. It is a few miles distant from tbe
scene of tbe other discoveries aud about 100
feet in width.
A Pocket of rich decomposed quartz has
lately been found by some Portugese over on
Rush creek, Nevada county. From the same
ledge a colored man took out §12,000 several
years ago. So it goesj abandoned bnt not
played out.
Mining operations in Baker county will be
conducted on a larger scale this year than ever
before, and the prospeots are that the results
will be very gratifying to miners and advant-
ageous to that part of Oregon.
154
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 6, 1875
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Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STKEET,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL,
(Unpegs uifectory.
fllLBB H. OEAT. JAMBS K. HAVK1S.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
SATf FRANOTgnn.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W, corner Sacramento.
JOSEPH GULLOTT'S
STEEL FEISTS.
SoM by all Dealers tlirrmyhoiit the World.
WM. BARTUBO. HKHRY KIMBALL.
BARTLING & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers,
SOS Clay street, (southwest cor. 8ansome),
Bvl2-Sm SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORG-AN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 207 Sansome Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S,
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
gteam hrnps.
PAJRKE &. LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
bd
O
W
w
i-3
t-i «.
c=j >
cp &
ibd a
i *
i-3 B
w S
g *
El
THE SELDBN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
Aug. 2d. 1870.
Combining simplicity and durability to a remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it is adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
— ALSO —
STEAM, GAS k WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CAKR PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,
.A.. C Alt R,
10v28-ly 43 Courtland Street. New York
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Htair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters, 25v8-8m-bp
(Metallurgy apd Ore?.
p
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS III
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS I
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries)
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FRANCI800I
We would call the special attention ol ABsayerni
Ohemists, Mining Companies. Milling Companies
ffjoejiectorB, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS ,
— AND —
Chamical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies nine-
tin- first discovery of mines on tho Pacific Coast.
■y Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the valiu
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val
uable tables for computation of assays In Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR ft 00.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
Thene Machines Stand Unrivaled,
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, tbej
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one liai
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their meritB.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with Bteam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows-,
The pan being filled, the motion of the mnller forcei
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces.—
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where II
passes down, and to the circumference as bnfore. Taut
it is constantly paBRing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore ii
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setters made on the same principle ex col all o thorn
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed!
Mill-men are Invited to examine theBe pans and notion
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Fmncisw •
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro*
cesB for working Ores.
Special attention paid to tho MiniDg and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTJHN,
C. A. LUCKHARDT,
Mining- Engineers and Metallurgists.
ROD&ERS. METER & CO.,
COMMISSION MEBCHANTW
irirAM'KK J1AIIK,
•nail kind, or Ore., and particular ullenttol
PAID TO
OONKKHIM KJVTN OF ROOM,
ivlMm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, ana
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENRY G, HAKES
Will receive afewpupilBat his new laboratory, All
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. fi. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
Assayer and Metallurg-ica
CHEMIST,
No. Oil Commercial Street.
(Opposite the V . S. Branch Mint ,
Han Fhanoiboo Oajl. 7v21-!Jir
ERNEST L. RANSOME,
Artificial Stone. Manufacturer,
No. 10 Bush Street. San Francisco,
Office Hourfl 1 to 2 Daily.
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2Jtf and 1 cent per pound ac-
cording to quality. In ordering state for what pur-
pose the stoDO is needed.
"I have used one of yonr crindstonCB fnr some time, and
it is the best I ever had. F .1. Oobrey,
November 20, 1874- Prop. S. F. Boiler Woritf.
EMERY STONES, VASES AND FOUNTAINS, ORATE'
BTONES AND CEMETERY WORK. STONE DRESS-
INGS GENERALLY, NATURAL STONE hard-
ened and preserved, SILICATE OF SODA for
Soap Makers and Laundrymen, kc.
PORTLAND CEMENT for Sale in Lots to Suit.
Send <or Price-List. eow-bp
WAJ!JTKD-By a graduate of the MaBsachueetti
Institute ol Technology, -who has had practical experi-
ence, the situation of Chemist or AsBayer, or a position
as'Assistant in a Mine or Smelting Works. Reference!
given if required. Address, O. E. STAFFORD,
Toledo, Ohio
i March 6, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
155
OVEK, gs « , 3 O O PER. MONTH SA.VED
BY THE CSE OF
Hendy's Improved Amalgamator and Concentrator
[Piping Machinery.
ADAPTED 10 [VERY SITUATION
GED.F. BLAKE 'tfffi CO.
fl. P. GREGORY,
ole Agent for the Pacific Coast, H and 16 First Btreet,
an Francisco, Cal.
MACHINISTS* TOOLS,
Extha Heavt and Improved Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO.,
Manufacturer.
LATHES, PLANERS, BOEING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, 8LOTTTNG AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
AddreBS
PAME & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F
PACIFIC MACH'Y DEPOT
GUARANTEED PURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
BELTING
HP GREGORY
14 & ie FIRST S^SAK-ERANCIS'CO
Can be seen at the Manufactory, No. 32 Fremont Street, San Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 27, 187>.
JOSHUA HENDY, Esq. — Dear Sir, — As a practical minor and nifllimn, I take pleasure in roconuuonding the
U60 Of your Concentrators in all mills whore gold or silver ores are reduced. No mills should be without them,
for the following reasons:
Int. They arn good sixers (no perfect concentration in pulverized ores can be effected without first sizing) .
2d.' The bent Concentrator I have ever known — (the concentrated stuff only containing 6 per cent, of sand) .
3d. They are good amalgamators, light (feathery) particles of amalgam and particles of coated gold by at-
trition are brighteued, and from their specific gravity and the action of the pan, fall to.the bottom and adhere.
4th. They require but little power and attention to run them, and with ordinary care will last for years.
I have been familiar with, the workings of your Concentrators for four years past; have run them myself in
the North Star Mine. Grass Valley; am familiar with their practical workings ou the Empire Mine, Grass Valley;
St. Pntrick, PlacerCo,; St. Lawrenco, El Dorado Co.; Oaks and Reese, Mariposa Co., and most cheerfully give
yon this testimonial. For further information you are at liberty to refer to,
Yours respectfully. JAS. H. CKOSSMAN, M. E.
409 California street, or Cosmopolitan Hotel.
SA.N FRANCISCO, Fobruary 10, 1874.
- Office Sttpeii intend ent of Keystone Con. M. Co., AMADon, Amador County.
MR. J. HENI>Y — Dear Sir: — In answer to your inquiries as to your Concentrators furnished our company
last July, I would say that I am more than pleased with them; and tho saving to the company nas been ovei
$3,500 per month more than with the blankets and buddies formerly in use. O. C HEWITT, Supt.
OFFICE SUMNER MINE, Kernyille, April 27, 1874.
J. HENDY, Esq, — Dear Sir.- Hoving four of your Concentrators in use at our Mills for four or five months,
which for saving Amalgam and for concentrating Sulphurets, are a success, beyond a doubt', I feel it a duty
due you and those interested in Qunrtz Mills, to recommend them.
As further evidouce of their worth, I now order TWELVE more of your Machines for our new Mill, now in
course of erection. E. R. BURKE, Superintendent.
For description send for Circular.
Office and "Works, 32 Fremont street.
JOSHUA HENDY, San Francisco.
9v28-lm-tf
PACIFIC MAWINER* DEPOT
H P GREGORY -
_. SOLE AGENT: '■[ ,
FITGHBURG; MACHINE C0?
MACHtNISTSV., <
M & I e . Fl R ST -ST; SAN •• FRAN CIS CO.
PA 0IFIC MA CHlNERY D EPUT'
HP GREGOTIY
^: SOLE 'AGE NT FOR THE ,;: g
'■ WHEELS '
14 &,IB. FIRST ST :SAN FRANCISCO
ENGINES-
ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided merit J. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Economy in Fuel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
ijyCall and Bee it or send for Circulars.
JrM,KEELER# CO., Agrts.,306|Cal. St-, S.F
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 2GTH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Fbancibco, November 10th, 1874.
To Sapts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We tako pleasure in stating that owing to Ihe rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enubled to reduce the cost of i-tcel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced tho
price to 10 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that you will fiod them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dieb which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under tho hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in use in many of tho largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippings, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
from tho manufactory East. Price 10 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
with dimensions, , to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Boom 1, Academy Buildinsr,
Address all
lv29-3m
Pacific Machinery Depot.
H. P. G-REG-ORY,
U and 1G First «t., S.F.
Sole Ace tit for Pacific Coast far J. A. Fay <&' Co's Wood-
working Machinery, Blake'B. Pa'enr. Steam Pumps,
Tanite Co's Emery Wheels and Maoliinerv, Fitch-
burg Machine Co's Machinist's Tools, Edson's
Recording Steam Gauge. Triumph Fire Ex-
lineuisher. Also on hand and for Sale:
Sturtevant's Blowers and Exhaust. Farm, John A. Ro eb-
lin^'s Sous' Wire Rope, Pure Oulc Tanned Leather
Belting, Pyrin's French Bund Saw .Blades,
Planer Knives, Nathan & Dreyfus Glass
Oilers, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kinds. P. O. Box 163,
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
"WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor, Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a lirge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. McCRTNDLE, Manager, 22 k 24 Fremont St., S. F.
nifi-m2
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals, Tinners' Goods, Tools and Machines;
HI and 11' California St., 17 and IS Davis St., San Fran-
cisco, and 1]B $ St, Sacramento, mr.-ly
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting-, Desulphurizing, Chloridizing:
and Oxidizing? Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
uso. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roastiog Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace in so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; addiDg heat or air;
stopping 05 starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining ani> Scientefio Press, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars address
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, kc, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MILLS,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
which are 1
unequalled
for
Strength,
Durability,
and
Economy
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrator «j, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and general Mining Machinery in .all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orderB promply filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N- Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Has an iron
frame, five s-teel nrms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike 2.010 blows per minuie, 111 a mortar provided
with Hcreens on hoth sides, and crushes fine fiOO lbs. per
hour, requiring ono-horse power to drive It. Has been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give goid satis-
faction. Price. $eoo. „«,,,,„
Q. D. CROCKER,
17v2(!-tf 315 California street, San Francisco.
W. BREDEMEYER,
MINING,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND U. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Sn.lt H.al£o, XT. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentrafion of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
8inkiog of Shafts. P. O. Box 1167.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1858.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock ot Manila Rope, all sizes:
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & CO.,
aB20 811 and 013 Front street, San Francisoo.
156
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 6, 1875.
Stockholders and Mines.
In the Nevada Legislature they have been
having quite a little breeze over Shepherd's
bill allowing a stockholder owning five shares
of stock of the par value of $500 in a mine to
have the right to inspect the Bame. It was con.
sidered that the bill gave poor men the same
rights as rich ones, and it provoked consider
able discussion. An amendment was offered
that any person representing $20,000 in stock
should be allowed to inspect the mine, but this
was lost.
Stevenson opposed the bill, because although
the principle is good, if it became a' law
it would prove inoperative. If a man owning
this stock went down the mine he would know
nothing about it, the mine being all in dark-
ness and the stockholders not being acquainted
with drifts.. If the bill was to become a law it
should have heen drawn so as to include the
providing of guides, and should be prepared
by some one knowing the "tricks that are dark
and the ways that are vain" of mining super-
intendents.
Clapp said that there were other places in
the State beside the Comstock where mining
was carried on, and there were several mining
camps where such a law would prove effectual
and be a good one.
The bill was finally defeated by a vote of
ten to fourteen.
It seems but simple justice that a stockhold-
er owning five shares should have the same
rights in the mine as those owning five hun-
dred, as far examining it is concerned. But, af-
ter all, it would be sure to work serious in-
convenience in large mines were every stock-
holder allowed to go and come in the mine
when he pleased. It would really be detrimen-
tal to the interests of those stockholders who
have not time to examine the mine. Almost
the entire machinery would be used in trans-
porting visitors, as the stock could be loaned
to any person who desired to visit the mine. It
would inconvenience the workmen and cause
considerable expense and trouble.
On the other hand why a small stockholder
should not visit the mine as often as a large
one if he chose, is not clear. It might do
something to prevent "corners" in stock
jobbing operations, if all holders of stock could
visit mines. But after all a law such as is
proposed would be inoperative and of no avail
with the majority of stockholders. Most of the
stock in Comstock mines is held in this city,
and few real owners here would ever have a
chance to go to the mines. Moreover, very
few would want to as they care little really
about the mines and simply speculate in the
stock. If a law was passed such as above re-
ferred to, the people here might give a few
shares to some individual in Virginia, so that
he could report, and that is all the good it would
do to citizens here. Stockholders, in Virginia,
however, might have been benefited to some
extent.
side. The young Frenchman Pavy, who came
here a few years ago to start up on this Bide,
never made the attempt; simply, however,
from lack of means. At the time he was in
this city, the writer heard him give, before the
Academy of Sciences, his reasons for believing
that an expedition would be more successful,
which made an attempt to reach the open polar
sea by going up through Bearing, tt straits.
His argument was good and the plan was
looked upon as very reasonable by those famil-
iar with the subject. It seems to us, accord-
ingly but proper, that the Government should
take into consideration the fact that no at-
tempts have ever been made on this side of the
continent to solve the questions, which Arctic
expeditions are expected to solve. The major-
ity of people do not see the benefit of such ex-
peditions at all, but scientific men and other
searohers after knowledge do not like to rest
on hard earned but insufficient results, without
solving the whole problem. Accordingly ex-
peditions will continue to be sent in all pro-
bability until all questions concerning the
North Pole are at rest. We have perhaps
learned all we ever will of Sir John Franklin
and his men. But the "North-west passage,"
the open polar sea and what lies beyond must
be studied up. Perhaps when governments
get tired of trying to find a passage through the
icy barriers of the North on the other side,
some one of them will send an expedition to
the North Paoific and attempt to learn the
mysteries of the Arctio by taking a new road.
There is no question but that the idea should
be investigated by those in authority, and some
steps taken to see what could be accom-
plished.
Another Arctic Expedition.
A Washington dispatch says it is proposed to
provide a small sum in the Sundry Civil Ap-
propriation bill for an Arctic expedition. The
Secretary of the Navy favors' it, also a number
of Senators and members. The Navy Depart-
ment will be authorized by the bill to provide
and fit a proper ship and man it with officers
and men already under pay and awaiting sea
duty. The extra expense will not be more than
$50,000, but it is proposed to take action by
the Government, contingent on private sub-
scriptions to the amount of $25,000. The
President of the Geographical Society says it
will heartily oo-operate in any. expedition,
whether undertaken by the Government or
private enterprise. The very bad luck of the
last Government expedition to the Arctic, when
poor Hall met his death, will probably, prevent
many people from looking with favor on the
idea of another expedition. On the other hand,
the success of the Austrian party last year is an
incentive to the Government to maintain an
honorable position in the history of Arctic re-
search. It is not in keeping with the American
character to back out because obstacles are
great, |but to endeavor to overcome them. An
English expedition reassured by the results ac-
oomplibhed by the Austrians, has been formed;
and after the United States has spent so much
money, and lost so many valuable lives, the
Government does not like to retire from the
field and acknowledge itself defeated, more
especially, since it now has Arctic possessions
— Alaska. There is one thing, however, that
we think should be inquired into. That is, the
feasibility of attempting to reach the much
talked of "open polar sea" by trying on this
side of the continent. The obstacles on the
other side are great and difficult to be over-
come We all know what and where they are.
A beaten path is laid out and the only differ-
ence in many of the expeditions was as to
where they were frozen in, and how far north
they got. No attempt has been made on this
METALS.
Wednesday m., March 3,
A-mcrican Pig Iron, ^ ton (o
Scotch Pig Iron,* ton 46 00 10
White Pig, # ton 5
Oregon Pig, ^ ton ... <£
Refined Bar, bad assortment, 3) lb ...:.. . ft
Refined Bar, good assortment-, $ lb a
Boiler, No. 1 to 4 ft
Plate, No. 5 to 9 ft
Sheet, No. 10 to 13 ft
Sheet, No, 14 to 20 fi
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 — 06 6
Horse Shoes, per keg 7 60 ft
Nail Rod -10 \
Norway Iron — 9 I
Rolledlron — 6 6
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Miners, etc. (<
Ooppeb.—
Braziers'
Copper Tin'd ,
O.Niel'sPat
Sheathing, g* lb
Sheathing. Yellow
Sheathing, Old Yellow
Coin position Nails
Composition Bolts — 24 \g
Tin Plates.- ■
Plates, Charcoal, IX ^ box 13 00 &
Plates, I O Charcoal 13 00 &
Roofing Plates 12 50 (3
BanoaTic, Slabs, 1$ lb — 32^-5
Steel.— English Oast, $ lb — 20 &
Anderson A Woods' American Cast ft}
Drill ft:
FlatBar — 18 ft
Plow Steel — 9 ftf
Zinc (£
Zinc, Sheet — Q
Nails— Assorted Bizas 4 25 «
QoickSilveb, per tt» £
Patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Hepobtb foe the Mining and Soien
tlfic Pbess, DEWEY & 00., Pdblishehb and
U. 8. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch. Dated Washington,
D. O., March 2, 1875.
Fob Week Ending Feb. 16, 1875.*
Deybe fob Befined Str&AB, — August F. W.
Partz, Oakland, Oal.
Cab Spbing. — Andrew Jackson Culbertson,
San Andreas, Cal.
Sewing Machine fob Stitching Sacks, San
Fraucisoo, Cal.
Flux fob Tbeating Ores. — P. N Mackay.
Eyeleting Machine — John Coombe, San Jose,
Cal.
Smoke Consuming Fubnace. — W. L. Powelson,
S. F. Cal.
HoofTbimmeb. — Andrew Shivran and Wm, J.
Givens, Pacueco, Cal. *
*The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 11 days after the date of issue.
Note. — CopieB of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted witb
erfeotsBcuritv and in the shortest time possible.
- 31
- 15
■ 50
- 24
LEATHER.
Wednesday m., March 3, 1875.
City Tanned Leather, $1 lb 26329
Santa Ornz Leather, 9 ft 26@29
Country Leather, $ ft 24@28
Stockton Leather, Q ft 25@29
Jodot,8 Kil.. per doz $50 00@ 54 00
Jodot. 11 to 13 Kil.. per doz 68 OOflfl 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil.. perdoz 82 60@94 00
Jodot, aecond ohoioe, 11 to 16 Kil. ^ doz 57 OOfq, 74 00
Oornellian, 12 tol6Ko 57 00@ 67 00
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 00@ 67 on
Cornellian Females. 14 to- 16 Ki' 71 o0@ 76 50
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00@ 63 00
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00$ 72 '0
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 004 75 00
Simon, 18 Kil. ,3} doz 61 00@ 63 (>u
Simon, 20 Kil. & doz 65 \fl.m 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. $ doz 72 00® 74 00
Robert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00®) 40 10
frenoh Kips, $ lb 1 009 1 W
California Kip, » doz 40 00@] 6* X)
French Sheep, all colors, $ doz 8 OOtA 15 00
Eastern Oalf for Backs, & ft 1 00@ 125
Sheep RoanB for Topping, all colors, % doz. ... 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, % doz 5 50<a 10 SO
Oalif ornia Ruaaett Sheep Linings 1 75@ 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot Legs, $pair 5 00® 5 25
Good Frenoh Oalf Boot Legs. '$> pair 4 00® 4 75
French Oalf Boot LegB,® pair i 00®
Harness Leather, $ tt> 30® .ITS
Fair Bridle Leather, % doz 48 00a 72 00
Skirting Leather, $* ft 33® 37 S
Welt Leather, 3ft doz 30 DO® 50 00
Baff Leather, « foot 17@
Wax Side Leather, W foot 17®
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Charles Sutbo & Co.]
San Francisco, TmrasnAY.Feb. 25, 1875.
Legal Tenders in S. F., 11 a. m., 87Ji to 88^.
Goto Babe, 890. Silver Babs, Z% per cent- discount.
Exchange on N. Y., % per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, V,~. and 2 per cent, discount.
Currency, I3)i percent. On London— Bankers, 49J4; Com-
mercial, 50. Pans, 5 franoa per dollar.
London— Consols, 92>£ to 92%; Bonds. 90%; Liverpool
Wheat 8a. lld.@98. 3d.; Club 9s. 3d. ; 9s. lOd.
Quicesilveb in S. F., by the flask, per ft, $1.32^
An Awful Responsibility.— Everybody has some-
thine to say about consumption. We all deplore its
terrible ravages, but only a few of us have common
seose enough to take tbe proper meaus of preventing
it. It is a fact as easy of proof as that two and two are
four, that Hale's Honey of Horehound and Tar, taken
as a remedy for cough, cold, difficult breathing, hoarse-
ness or any other of the symptoms, -which, as it -were,
pave the way for that terrible destroyer, will effect a
radical and rapid cure of the ailment, and avert all
danger. Whoever, knowing this, neglects to resort to
tbe true specific under such circumstances, assumes a
fearful responsibility.
Pike's TooUfAche Drops — Cure in one minute.
Steel Shoes and Dies.— There is on exhibition at thft
office of the Cast Steel Shoe and Die Company, 330
Pine street, a shoe and die that were used constantly at
*he Morgan mill, Empire city, for oyer four months.
The shoe is worn down to within less than an inch of
the stem, but still presents a remarkably even surface.
The die laBted nearly six months, and there is nearly
two inches of it left. Those interested in suoh matters
should call and examine these samples.— Exchange.
bajikipg.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
French Mutual Provident Savings and
Loan Society — Thirtieth Semi-Annual Dividend^-A div-
idend of eight 4 10 per cent, per aunum (net 8 4-10 per
cent.) has, in conformity with the report of the Com-
mittee of Verification appointed by the members of tbe
Society, been declared at the aunu&l meeting, held on
the 15th instant. This dividend will be payable on
and after the 18th instant, at the office of the Society,
411 Bush street. GUSTAVE MAHE,
Director French Sayiues Bauk.
DIVIDEND NOTICE.
Masonic Savings and Loan Bank, No. 6
Post street. Masonic Temple, San Francisco. At a meet-
ing of the Board of Directors of this Bank, held Janu-
ary 18th, 1875, a dividend was declared at the rate of
nine and one-half (9>$) percent, per annum on Term
Deposits, and seven and one-half (7Ji) per cent, per
annum on Ordinary Deposits, for the Hcmi-anuunl
term ending January 21st, 1875, payable on and after
January 28th, 1875, free of all taxes.
H. T. GRAVES, Secretary.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Selipmau & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, (1,600,000.
Remainder subjcot to call.
Dibeotobs IN LONDON— Hon. Hugh McOulloch, Reuben
D. Sassoon, William F. Schollleld, Isaac Scligman, Julius
Sing ton.
Managers :
F. F. LOW and IOXATZ STEINHAST,
San Fbancisco.
The Bank is now prepared to open accounts, receive de-
posits, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and issue
Letters of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on proper securities, 2v27-eowhp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN FBANCISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOQG President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
R. N. YANBEUNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street, San Francisco.
Kountze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, upoi
daily balances of Sold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Sold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27,tf a. MAHE, Director.
To Patent Attorneys, Contractors and
Inventors.
Washington, D. G. January 1st, 1876.
I have carefully prepared a complete digest of U, S.
patented Paving and Roofing Compositions, up to Jan-
uary 1st, 1875, in which is given the name of patentee,
number and date o f patent, ingredients, and, (when
given in the specification) the proportions of ingredi-
ents. AIbo, all of English Patented Paving Composi-
tions up to January 1st, 1874, amounting in all to over
six hundred patents, a complete state of the art to
date. It is my intention to publish this wort at an
early day in book form, and should you wish to sub-
scribe should address
L. W. 8INSABATJGH, Assistant Examiner,
Room 21, Patent Office, Washington, D. 0.
KIPP'S UPRIGHT
No. 41 Second street.
Self-Fastening
Bed-Spring.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FUKNITDRE
SPRINGS, from Ne. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
ble Bed Spring in use. It is adapted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make the celebrated Obermann Self -Fasten ing Bed
Spring. Any man can make his own Bpring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & SILSBY,
Uv28-eow-bD-3m 147 New Montgomery St., S.
ENGINE
HAS DECIDED MERITS.
Its Beauty, Strength, Durability, Economy in the use o(
fuel, the Email space required, and the superior work-
manship, attract tbe buyer, and the price readily conr
eludes the sale. Call and see it, or send for Circulars.
J. M. KEELEE & CO.. Ajrents,
306 California Street, S. F.
THE AMERICAN
TURBINE
Water Wheel.
Power Fledged Equal to
any bver-shot "Wheel
Ever Built.
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific tests by James Emerson, showing the following
useful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part pate, U 50.08; Jg 69.R4; ¥a 78.73
% 82.63; % 8U.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emerson says: " These are the best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine "Wheel
in my experience."
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnished on application to
TKEADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific States and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
- Sacramento
ACCUMULATED FUND, NEARLY
i,sso,ooo.oo.
$100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with the Cali-
fornia State Department as security for
Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND STANFORD Presiden
J. H. CARROLL Vice-President
JOS. CRACE^ON , Secretary
All Policies issued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, are exempt from execution by the laws of Cal-
fornia. THE ONLY STATE EST THE UNION that pro-
vides for this exempdon.
B^"Policies issued by this Company are non-forfeita-
ble, and all profits are divided among the insured.
Policies may be made payable in Gold or Currenoy,
as the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive Committee :
Lelahd Stanford, J. H. Cabrouj,
Robt. Hamilton, Samuel Lavenson,
Jab. Casolan.
SCHREIBER & HOWELL,
n-29-eow-bp-3m General Agents, Sacramento.
March 6, 1875.]
MINING -AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
157
THE ICIsrOX: &c OSBOR1T
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
Till* FlItNA' E HEDCCF.S CINNABAR, AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
And at LESS COSTprt>u ii.au any other furnace. It will work continuously Twelve to Twenty-four
mouths without stopping,
NO M.YTV IIAN EVER, BEEN t*A. L t V A.T E I>
Or otherwise affected by the mercury about the furnace, either in operating it or making repairs. Fur fall
particulars, plans, e c, apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
"\Vo refer auy patty desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining Companies,
where the furnace may.be seen in successful operation:
The Manhattan Mine in Nupa County.
The Redington Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Phrenii Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Annie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver Mining Company; Sonoma County.
The Cloverdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma Couuty.
The California Borax Compauy (Sulphur Banks), Lake County.
The Abbolt Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Ci-rro Bonito Mine, Fresno County.
KNOX & OSBOBN".
PORTABLE SAW ZMZILX^S.
8,000 to
12,000
STEAM ENGINES, SAW
MILLS, PLANING, LATH
AND PICKET MA-
CHINES, ETC.,
Made to Order at Short
Notice.
5 lie
These Milts are built in the Strongest, Most Durable, and Workman-like Manner; and are capable of tof-ving:
any aixo saw up to 64 inches; they are furnished with improved friction feed and gig back, both being Operated!
by the sa-ne lever, no belt being used to gig backs,
GLOBE IRON WORKS.
F. A. HUNTINGTON, Proprietor, 143 & 145 Fremont Street, San Franciscat
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to GO-Horse power. Also, Quartz j
Mills, Mining Punips, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf
J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
Scttee Cbeek, February 20th, 1875.
Mefshh. Dewey & Co. — I have received my LetterB
Patent through your agency. And, for your prompt
ness, accept my thanks. Sours, S. N. KttlGHr.
Woodward's Gardens embraces an AquarUm, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropiaal Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
MAGAZINES.
P, An
5 00
Literary Album
London Society .
600
15 00
W. E. LOOMIS*
News I>ea%e-sr
AND STATIOHB&v
S, E. corner of Saaaoma &m£
Washington :rtreet&>,
SUPPLIES iLL
Eastern P eradicate I
BY T7JB.
Year, Month., on UtamLmvi
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE STONE
and Sulphuric Acid Manufacturers.
For vale or to lewe, the LEVIATHAN COPPErt
MINE, In Alpine county, California.
The ore, which Is In the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gr»y sulphide, with metallio copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 13 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations realized $30.-
ono for Bluestoue. In slubt. 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tuna '.*■ per cent. Supply Inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended Indefinitely. Cost of
extra- lion, $ *. There Is als.i a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thUkuess, impregnated with 26 per cent, of
pure sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantage-
ous terms will be offered. For further particulars
apply to Louis Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine
county, (Jul.
Cazin's Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator—One Plunger System.
[Covered by LetterB Patent of July 2d. 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a sizing apparatus, (revolving screen) de-
livering two or ioi»r sizes of ore to two or four rows of
t't-ves, eaeh row independent of the other, and each
having 5 Bleves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separuted materials, working 2d and 3d-elasb oreB into
lst-class oreB of perfect cleanneBe. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from qnartz or any other
lode matter; — galena and silver sulphurets from
pyriteB, baryta and quarlz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps theBe machines consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most capes for the requirements of western mines, with
a capacity of 16 or 20 tons per 24 hours.
For particulars apply to,
P. OAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co
\t Denver, Colorado, Lock. Box 2225, or corner of
Blake and 32d itroetB. , ag8-16p
WM. HAWKINS.
T. G. CANTKELL,
HAWKINS & CANTRELL.
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St.,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MANUFACTURERS OP
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and beop constant ly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horfle Power.
N. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON.
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, Buit-
able for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 incheB and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
fHipipg ajid Other Compapiejr.
California Beet Sugar Company. — Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco,
California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, levied on
the 2fith day of January, 1875, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Thomas S. Bcckwith 34 ISO $1,250
Thomas S. Beckwith 88 42 210
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 20th day of January,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary will be sold at the office of the Com-
pany, No. 314 California street, San Francisco, on the
twenty-second day of March, 1875, at 1 o'clock, p. w. of
said day, to pay delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of the sale.
Office No. 314 California street, San Francisco, Cal
LOUIS FltANCONI, Secretary.
Confidence Mining Company.— Location
of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal.
Location of works, Tuolumne county, State of Cali-
fornia.
Notice.— T hero are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account "f assessment levied on the
10th duy of January, 1875, the Beveral amounts Bet op-
posite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
James Bell 38 338 * $101 40
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Trustees, made on the 16th day of January,
1875, no many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary will be uold at public auction at the
office of the Company, 210 Battery Btreet, San Francisco,
California, on the 17th day of March, 1S75, at the hour
of two o'clock P, m. . of Bala day, to pay said delinquent
assessment thereon, together with co*ts of advertising
and expenses of Bale. W. 8. AND&KSON, Bec'y.
Office, 310 Battery Htreet, San Francisco, Oal.
Electric Mining Company — Principal
I'liin- of i.'iMin'f. ban Francisco, Stole of California.
Location of works, Lincoln Mining District, Unite
County, California.
Notice m her* -by given, thai at a meeting of the Board
of Direct ore, held oo the 16th day ol Fubru try. 1876) tu
MAriuBMiient n| live emu por share wa* levied ui>on the
capital »!"(-• k t>( the corporation, payable Immediately in
United Sun s gold nnd eiivvr ooid, to the Secretary, at
the office of tlie Company, in Sun franci-co.
Ally Block mi- n which thin ans- -ann ni shall renialo un-
paid ■ i- M,. i a day of March 1879, will be delinquent . ai,d
ttdvi r l-> it foraajfl at public au- IihicuJ unles- l»n,im ril
in made before, will ofl nold on Monday, the li.h duy of
April, 1875, to p»y the delinquent »•«• a-ment, together
With DOftJ ol iiilvvrli'ini; nnd sinenses of sale.
T. ii Wl x; A KD, Secretary.
Office-Room 18. No J1K California p.lr<(, Sbu Fran, men
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
punv. Principal place of business, City nnd UiiUDty of
Sun Fronui-co, State of California. Lm'r.1 on of works,
tin; ry "reek Mining Dlsti lot, Wtnte 1'ioe O -unty, Ne-
vada.
Nonce is hereby (ilven Hint nl a meetlnR of the B.itrd of
Lreotors, held on the 2d duy oi January, 1815, a-i sasess-
uienL ol twenty oeniB pi-r ahare «;i- levied upon the
capital stock nl the corporation, payable immediately, ia
Doited States tiuhi c .in, to the ecr. tary, m the office
of the (Jompuny, Room U, Wl Montgomery a reel, San
Francisco.
Any Itock "iim whi' h this avaeflament shall ruiuuin un-
paid on the 6tn day of F.-hru«ry, IST5, will hi? dMiimju-ni,
and advertised iur*aleat public auc-non.und unloas pay-
mcntis made bef'<re, vttll be snid un Monday the llr«t day
ol M;i<ii, 1874, to pay tin- dclimiuent aKse-sment, togetlor
with 'm-.. of udvertisiiiK x>nd expenses of xale.
I. T. MI LL1 KIN. Secretary.
Office— Room 14, No. 30'J MonUoiueiy ttfeet, S. F.
POSTPONEMENT.— The time when the above assess-
ment will become delinquent Js postponed to the eighth
|Mli) duy of March, and the sale of stock fur dilin-
quency Is postponed to Wednesday, the thirty-hrst
(31st) day or March, in"."., at the auiue hour and pluce
above mentioned. By order of the Mrectors.
I, T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Sun Francisco. Feb. 2, 1876.
Kearsarge Consolidated Quicksilver Min-
ing Company.
Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 24th day of December, 1874,
an assessment, No. 1, of 30 cents per share was levied
upon the capital sto k of the corporation, payable im-
mediately, in United States gold and silver coin to the
Secretary, No. 408 California Btreet, San FranciBCO. Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain
unpaid on the eighth of February, 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment be made before, will be Bold on Mon-
day, the 22d day of February, 1875, to pay the delin-
quent asseBBment, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
JAMES McHAFFEE. Secretary.
Office Rooms, 10 k 11— No. 408 California strees, San
Francisco, Cal.
Kincaid Flat Mining Company — Loca-
- tion of principal place of business, ban Francisco, Cal.
Location of works, Sonora, Tuolumne county. Col.
Notice Is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 4th day of February, 1875, an assess-
ment of sixty cents per snare wan levied udoii the
capital stock ol said Company, nayable, immediately, in
United State)) gold coin, to the Secretary, at his office, 210
Battery Btreet.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 9th day of March, 1875. shall be deemed
delinquent, and will be duly advertised for sale at public
auction, and unless payment shall be made before, will
be sold on the 29th day of March, i875, to pay the
delinquent assessment together with coats of adver-
tising and expenses of sale. By order of the Direc-
tors. B. H. CORNELL, Secretary.
Office. 210 Battery street. San Francisco.
Manhattan Marble Company of Califor-
nia. Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, California. Location of works, Oakland,
Alameda County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied
on the 8th day of January, 1875, the several amounts
get opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
aB follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
EPFlint 299 5 $10 80
0 Beach ; 75 25 50 00
C Beach 76 25 50 00
0 Beach 77 25 60 00
C Beach 78 26 50 00
C Beach 79 19 38 00
0 0 Tripp , Trustee 160 10 20 00
L EDam 190 10 20 00
L EDam 197 10 20 00
LEDam 199 10 20 00
Mrs Matilda Dam 211 SO 40 00
Murrav Curtis 230 10 20 00
WHHanscom ...296 60 120 00
"W H Hanscom 297 58 118 00
WHHanscom 298 52 104 00
JamesLBarker 301 60 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 8th day of Jonuary,
1875, bo many shares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at the office of the com-
pany, 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francleco, Califor-
nia, on the 18th day of March, 1875, at 12 o'clock, m., of
Buch day, to pay delinquent assessments thereon, to-
gether with coata of advertising and expenses of the
sale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Secretary.
Office— 13 and 16 Fremont street, San Francisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Princi-
pal place of businoBB, San Francisco, State of I'alifor-
nia. Location of works, Kearsarge Mining District,
Inyo County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on tho 17tD day of February, 1875, an
Hssessment of nve cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and Bllver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 17th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale ut public auction, nnd nnlesi navment
is made before, will be cold on Thursday, the 17th day of
June, 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costB of advertising ttnd expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Francisco
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company.
Principal place ot business, city and coiintv of San Fran-
cisco, Slate of California. Locution of worke, Tuolamne
county, Stut" of California.
Notice Is hereby given, thutat a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 23d day o! February, 18 5 un assess-
ment of twenty (20) cents per share was It-vied upon the
c&ni al *tock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United Statob wold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of
the company, room 11,302 Montgomery Btreet, San Fran-
oisco, Cal. .,
Any stock upon which this assessment snnll remain un-
paid on the 2itn duy of March, 187.% will be delinquent, and
advertised for Bale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the seventeenth
(17th) duy of April, 187ft, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and erpenseB of sale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office, Room 14,302 Montgomery street, San FranelBoo,
California.
158
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 6, 1675.
Irop ajid Machine lHorfe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
133 and 126 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
Late Foreman ol tho Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IRON "WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and KEPATRING promptly
attended to. 17v25-8m
Iron
the: r-issdon
and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN . rBANCiaCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines. Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Murine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Murine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure). All kinds of light aud heavy Cusdngs at lowebt
prices. Cams and Tapyuts, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinury iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Morris,
JeBse Holladay, C. E. McLanu,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM. H. TAYLOR ...President
JOSEPH MUOltE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS It. MEAD .Secretary
■M,r|-7_nlr
FCLTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
KAWOFA0TDKUK8 OF
STIS-A-M ENGINES,
Quartz:. Flour and Saw RLllls,
H iyei* Improved Steam Pump, Brodl«'i Im-
proved Crasher, Mining Famp*.
Amalgamators, and all kinds
or Machinery.
N. E. corner ef Tehama and Fremont streets, above How-
street, San Francisco. My
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Street, San Francisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts, Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship CastingB, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
■akofaotobjcrs or
STEAM ENGINES, BOILERS,
0RO8B' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar'sPatent Self-Adjusting- Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all hinds of Mining Machinery.
front Street, between IV and O streets,
Sacramento Oitt.
g. w. puebcott. i w. r. eckabt.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE, CAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisting Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts, Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription niadc to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
first Street, bet. Howard and Folsom, San Francisco.
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Eock Drill ComBany.
— MANUFACTURERS OF-
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for ^Blasting, Putnam Ma-
chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
•21v28-8in-hd
PA-RKE «fc LACY,
310 California St., S. F.
No, 4 Car Wheel Borer.
Wc have the test and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
used in
MACHINE, LOCOMOTIVE,
AND
Ji. R. Repair Snops.
S S3?" For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc.,
W address
"' NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
98 Chambers Street, New York.
l5v38-eow-ly
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX &. CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
daction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standincly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
N». IJB5 First street, uppoilte Minna,
SAN FKANOISCO.
all KinDaofBrasa, Composition. Zinc, and Babbitt Mcta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails. Huddur Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bells mid
(Songs of superior tone. All kind so f Cocks and Valves, Hy
Jraullc Pipes and Nozzles, ami Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and Datterns. furnished with dispatch
JS- PRICES MODERATE. -**
J. K WRirn. V. KTNAWETjT.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOUNDRY,
l-U and 131 Boule street, between Mission and Howard,
San Frxncisco.
I.IOH I ASH HEAVY CA»T1S«S,
ol' every description, manufactured. 2,vl8or
Jno. P.Ranein. Established 1850. A. P. Bhayio.-i
Pacific Iron Works,
Fibst Street, ... San Fkanoisco.
Geo. W. Foge, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVEKT DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EYEKY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PRATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
OtODDABD & CO., Props.
SHEET IKON PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and ior any prestrare, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car "Wheels, with Bpecial
patterns for Mining Cars. These Binall wheels are made
of tho best Car Wheel Iron, proporly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
BE?" All kindu of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOOEE, Superintendent.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Fibst Stbeet,
San Fbakcisco,
m
H afefcl
KB
STEIGER & KERB,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notte*.
Solo manufacturers of the Hepburn Boiler Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Snpe-
rior Shoes aud Dies, 20v26.3in
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS
G. & HL. BARNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description \
Nos. 39, 41 and 43 Richihond street,
Philadelphia, Fa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on tli
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company, j
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Established for tho Manniaotura of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROn
— AUD —
Every "Variety o± Ssiliaitiiiy:,
Embracing ALL SIZES . f
Steamboat Shafta, Crank*, I'l'.lou und I «m«
Si netting Bodi,Oarand Locnm<itlv« Axlei
and Framei
— ALSO —
Of every description and size
D9- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING: MUHL,
COMPANY, P. O- box 2032, San Francisao, Oal., will
California, Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QDARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS'
Keating;' a Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdbauxio Hoist fob Sxoneb,.
And General Machinist* 25v28^3to
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. P. Screw Bolt "Works;.
MANUrA.CTU.BEBS OF ALL KINDd OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, San Francisco. 4v241j'
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
KOILER. MAKEK*
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard st., between Fremont and Beale, San FranoiMO
NIMHOD BAULSIK.
BIOHABD 0. HANSON.
Riohakd G. Hanson & Co.,
Bleck and Pump Makers,
IMPOIITEM OF ALL KINDS OF
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FEICTION KOELEBS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PDMPS,
Lignum Vit*e for Hill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
ear Market, ..... san FEANOlflOO"
larch 6, 187S.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
160
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
COOK, HYML-i £ CO.'S Celebrated Hoisting Kuyiu.ia have been too long
m uk.- on tho Pacific Coast to nquire any special reeuuiuieudatiuu Iroiu us.
We refer with conllduuce to any one of the hundreds now iu Uoe. We simply
stale tbbt thiy etiil sutttatu their old npuutiou, the manufacturer* uot
baying i"lluwtd tho oow too I'uiuuioii practice of reducing tho quality of
miterls] mid *urkiuuu8Uiu for the sake of c-nipetiiig with cheaper engines.
Fur dcluilb of blunt bend fur price list. Ww duoiro 10 cull particular atteuliuu
to our ucw
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the name parties.)
Which have juat been iutrodueed on this Coast. The plans and »p«ciflcatiouB
are the combined efforts of OOB most auci'KbsrCL mim.su knoihkkjui, and the
result ib the niost Complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOIiTING ENGINE
Brer built. Their advantages will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
the D&eaaitlefl Of a mine. One of these engines may be seen at work In the
Belcher mine, und one in the Ophir, on the Conistock lode, to both of which
we refer. •fc/"We have all sizes of these eugiuct* couhtantly on hand. For
aale only at
TEEADWELL & CO.'S,
J23vl9.eow.tf San Francisco, Cal.
I
Hamilton Traction Engine
Manufacturers of the following: Specialties:
Portable & Stationary Engines,
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS,
IP ANY CAPACITY REQUIRED.
Also, the Celebrated
BTEAM THRESHER, "California Chief ;
Have recently added to their lista, the
IAMILTON TKACTION EIVGrllNE.
WORKS IN MACHINERY DEPOT.
foM!ifoii,0. St. Louts, Mo*
OUR TRACTION ENGINE
la no mere novelty or uncertain exper-
iment, but is well -designed, well con-
structed and thoroughly practical in all
ita operations. It In strong and sub-
stantial in all Its parts, reliable and
durable in action, and capable of any
service for which the bett of such En-
gines are adapted.
In its design and construction w*
have taken as models the beat of the
English engines of this clarS, and with
modifications and improvements sug-
gested by an experience In the con-
struction and operation of Portable
ELgines, ami a knowledge of the uses
that will be reonlred of them, and the
conditions to which they will be sub-
jected in this country. We thereby ad-
vertise that wo are prepared to fur-
nish a Road and Fiki d Locomotive
better adapted for bucu service und in
many respects superior to any thing
yet produced in that line.
For full description, priceB, 4c. of
ihese or any other innchinery in our
lino we invite parties wishing to pur-
chape such machinery, to call and see
or address us at our place of business iu
HAMILTON, 0., or ST. LOUIS, MO.,
Owens, Lake k Dyes, Machine Co
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for the beat
Jfthe groat National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 187i, and lasting over sir days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
Wo have made special shipping arrangements for very low freightB and quick dispatch of our saws for the
ftflo Coast. tt^"ONLY SEVEN DAYS BY M&IL FROM SAN FRANC IS CO. "^« Send your address for a full
nort of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of saws that jou use, with the thickness, size and
Wd that you use, and specify such as you will require within the next 60 days. We will guarantee to furnish
$1 with saws that have no equal in quality, and at prices that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
mizcsTTZEztrnsri^iLi zp^ciKiiirsrG!-.
SELF-LUBBICATING.
JFOK
Jocomotive
Marine and
Stationary
INGINES;
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF ALL KINDS.
) The CENTENNIAL la composed of the finest Hemp, made in strands or sections, of different sizes, each be-
i saturated in acompo-ition of pure German Black Lead and Tallow and covered with a braiding of the best
dian Hemp to be found iu the market. It is manufactured in a shape the most convenient to use and
tidle, and gives from 50 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs
th less friction on the rod than auy other Packing made, from the fact of its being bo perfectly soft and
able, and so well lubricated so to require a minium pressure on the rod. It cuts oil' smooth and makes per-
t joints, is easily adjusted to any Bize rod, and only requires occasionally anew ring to keep the stuffing box
1. ENGINEERS, TRY IT. For sale in any quantity by TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
eow
DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF
ii^iR/iDW-A-iR/iE], izroust, steel
ATND OTHER METALS,
107, 109 and III FRONT STREET, •
108, 110 and 112 PINE STREET,
8AN FRANCISCO, CAJL,.
2v30.fim-eow
CALIFORNIA "WINE COOPERAGE AND MILL CO
M. FULDA & SONS
Proprietors,
30 and 33 Spear St.
Manufacturer of
WATER TANKS, MIN-
ING WORK OF
AM. KINDS.
WINE, BEER AND LIQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Seed for sheets or catalogues illustrativu of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER TEED
POMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER E.TOINE POMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL UFO. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
160
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 6, 1875
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP- MO REIT HAN 57000 IN USE.
Hand Power
MINING
PUMPS,
TANK
PUMPS,
MARINE
PUMPS,
FIRE
PUMPS,
Plunger
PUMPS,
SUGAR
PUMPS,
OIL
PUMPS,
Brewry
PUMPS,
Tannery
PUMPS,
Irrigating PUMPS,
FARM
PUMPS,
ACID
FUMPS,
Wrecking PUMPS,
FEED
PUMPS.
The BLAKE PUMP may be seen in many of the principal mines of California and Nevada. More than 7,000 have been sold, and we refer to any one found in use. Send for our large
andjhandsomely Illustrated Catalogue giving prices and details of over 100 different siz»s. A large stock of all sizes on hand at the Machinery Depot of
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco..
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
KAKtJFACTUKKB OP
SPAULDING'S*
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most tin able and eeonomi
cal Saws in the Woud.
Each Saw is "Warranted in every respect,
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FDKNISBED AT BHOHT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
BAIRD'S
FOR PRACTICAL m.
My Dew revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTI-
CAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, Svo., will be
Bent free of postage, to anv one who will favor ine with
his address. HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, £06 Walnut streit,
16p ■ , Philadelphia.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Scientifi Press, November 7th, 1874.
„ Patented November 25th, 1873.
•RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OP 'WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Peess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See, Mining and Scientific Press, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-lCp-3m F. FIEDLER, New Almaden, Ca
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
BETHESDA MINER AL~ S PRING WATER
OF Waukeska, "Wisconsin.
"We claim Bethesda to be a specific in all cases of DiaheteB Inflammation of the Kidneys, Inflau mation of
the Neck of the Bladder and Urethra, Inflammation of the Bladder, Dropsy, Gouty Swellings, Stoppage of Urine',
Albumenuria, Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Dust Deposit; Thick, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine,
with Bone Dust DepoBitB; Burning Sensation with Sharp Pains when voiding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys,
Pain in the Kidneys and Loins, Torpid Diver .Indigestion, Calculus, and Female Weakness,
There is no remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases as effectually -as BetheBda
Water. This fact has been demonstrated wherever the water has been used according to directions, which can
be had at the General Agents' by application to them. The water is BWeet and pleasant to the taste. It can be
drank at all hours. Why Bhonld any one suffer while this Water is so easily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fb27-eow-bp-3m 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FKANC1SCO.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL
■slEiyil-pOFVrABL.E!
The highest and only prize of its class given to an
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS
ET THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the,
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Bow*
and the Sharpley Engines-
W. T. G-ARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANTTFACTUBEBfl OP
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTITVOS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVEKN AND LAND BELLS, GO\US,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and YalveB of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam WhlBtleB. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
niBhed with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Grarratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
■^"Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANUFACTURERS OF
I "V* T*"* T^* T1 T ' *SJ
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME.
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
BS~Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List— sent free
GIANT POWDER.
Patented Hay 20, 1808.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
<JIANT POWDEK, NO. 1,'
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Snbmarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, NO. S,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc,
Its EXCLUSIVE use BaveB from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the tin
required for black powder.
•y The only Blasting Powder need in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-Sml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
A. WELDOX'S PATENT
Low-Water Alarm Gauge
jSpl^S For STEAM BOILEES of Every Descriptic
^ THE SUREST,
CHEAPEST.
SIMPLEST, anc
BEST IN EXISTENCE-
Price, - #"*
With Glass Water-Gauge Complete, $50
A. POTTER, Sole Agent
283 Mission Street, Sati TTranolsO
!•»■
■-■
;:
lit,
■■■■•'
■-i,
J*
An Illustrated Journal of Minings
mlmt &®fam® and
Sews,
J*V DKWKY & CO.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. MARCH 13, 1875.
VOI^UM-E X.X.2L
Number IX.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
No. 1U.
Sluice Boxes.
Thifl pavement should be built in separate
compartments of six or eight feet length, con-
fined by pieces of strong plank or scantling
fixed permanently across the bottom of the
flame, to protect the pfftement againsta whole
sale destruction in case the current of the
stream should dislodge some stones in one or
the other of the compartments. For 12 feet of
double slnice, equal to 1 U square feet, about
Dine tons of stone are required for paviug.
(See Fig. 1).
The sluice boxes should be lined above the
•toDe pavement with two inch plauks or two inch
blocks, for a hight of 10 or 12 inches, to pro-
tect the real sluice against the wear and tear of
the swift gravel stream. (See Fig. 2).
The single sluice in the tunnel must be paved
with square pine blocks, abmt 10 inches deep.
The^e blocks are laid across the flume, close
together, and a piece of plank one and a half
by six inches is nailed to the lower part of the
blocks with headless nails. These headless
nails are not driven home, but project about an
inch on the face side. A new tier of blocks is
inserted and driven on the projecting nails till
the blocks touch the intervening board or plank,
and are therefore within one and a half inches
of the first tier. Another piece of plank is put
in position and the same process continued.
The lining of the sluices is placed so low down
that it touches the tops of the planks in the
bottom, and keeps them in position. These
spaoes of one and a half inches in width sepa-
rata the different layer of blocks and form the
real riffles to catch gold or amalgam. The lin-
ing in those sluices which have rock pavements
is, in many instances, placed so low that the
rock pavement covers about two inches of it.
This is done to prevent the wear of the rock
pavement leaving a part of the sides of the
flame, or sluice, unprotected. This, however,
may be an unnecessary precaution, as the lin-
ing of the flume wears out much faster than
the rocks, and can, when it has to be renewed,
always be placed close to the rock pavement.
The expense of constructing a double slaice
of the above dimensions depends both on the
cost of material used and the difficulty of estab-
lishing the proper grade. In localities where
lumber can be famished for $20 per II, and
where the grading can be done without blast-
ing, double sluices have been laid and paved
in the most substantial way for $2 per foot.
A single slaice, six feet in width and three feet
high, can be constructed, under similar favora-
ble circumstances, for about $1.25 per foot.
Under Currents.
These are large flat boxes, or platforms,
placed beside and a little below the main sluice
boxes. Their size and shape depend, to some
extent, on the facilities which the place offers
where they shall be constructed. Triangles,
irregular obloDgs, and parellelograms, contain-
ing a surface of from 500 to 1,000 square feet,
are the forms often resorted to. The under
current is destined to receive from the main
slnice boxes a certain portion of the finer
gravel-wash, black Band, quicksilver, and amal-
gam, and to afford to the particles of gold and
amalgam a better chance to settle permanently
in the riffles, which are evenly distributed -over
the whole surface of the platform. For this
purpose an opening is cut across the bottom of
the main sluice boxes from 15 to 18 inches in
width. In this opening are inserted steel bars,
one inch square and one inch apart, generally
fixed in a oast iron frame. The small particles
of gravel, sand, gold, etc., which pass through
this grating are caught in a box placed below
the sluice boxes, on a pitch of about one inch
per foot, whence they are carried upon the
large platform provided with riffles.
This platform is placed ou a grade of from 10
to 12 inches per 12 feet, and is provided with
an opening at the lower end to return the bulk
of the material received to the main sluice
boxes below.
To distribute evenly the water and gravel re-
ceived from the main sluices a number of
check boards are -placed at the upper part of
the platform, in a direct line with the box
under the grating of the main sluice, which
receives the discharged matter. As the water,
etc., rushes out of this box part of it strikes
against the nearest check board and is turned
down the platform; the remainder, rushing on,
is diminished by each succeeding check board,
and an even distribution over the whole plat-
form is gained. At the lower end of the plat-
form the discharge of the water, etc., into the
main sluice below may be arrested by the in-
sertion of a small box, on a grade, into which
the material drops from the riffles. These
ri flies can be made either of two by three inch
scantlings, laid down lengthways and two
inches a part, or of common blocks or stone
pavement.
The ander current and main sluice boxes dis-
charge their contents into a deep and strongly
Wilcox's Improved Steam Pump.
William C. Wilcox, of this city, recently ob-
tained through the Mining ano Scientific
Fbkss Patent Agency, a patent for an im-
provement in steam pumps. The improve-
ment consists in certain novel arrange-
ments of valves and the means of operating
them, by which greater effectiveness of action
is obtained for the engine, while the pump is
so constructed that it will throw water in un-
limited quantities without choking thus allowing
the engines to be run at a high rate of speed.
,__. . ._, , TOP BOARD
WW PLANK LINING
ROCK PAVEMENT
12 3
Fier. 1. Sluice-boxeB; urade 6 in. per 12 ft.; sides 36 in. high; 1, 2, 3, compartments.
built box, provided with a heavy stone pave-
ment. From the upper part of this box a con-
tinuation of the mam flume leads the gravel-
stream to other under currents, drops, etc.,
and to a final discharge. The lower part of
this box must be four or five feet deeper than
This pump is shown in the accompanying
engraving. One of the peculiarities of these
pumps is that the valves are handled princi-
pally by steam in a very simple manner. An-
other is their exceeding simplicity of construc-
tion and the ease with which they can be taken
"W. C. WILCOX'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
the point from which the main sluices are con-
tinued—and will be found of great service in
catching amalgam, etc.
The gratings in the main sluices deprive the
latter of a quantity of water. To counteract
Fis. 2. Block Pavement for Sluices.
this loss the main sluices are narrowed about
six inches to condense the current of water till
both streams, that of the under current and
that of the main slaice boxes, re-unite as de-
scribed above.
These under currents are of the greatest ser-
vice in catching rusty gold, which cannot be
touched by quicksilver, and which, lessened in
specific gravity by foreign matter clinging to
it, is very liable to be carried entirely through
a long line of Bluices to the final discharge.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the laBt Annual Keport of the U. _S. Commissioner of
Mir iiug Statistics.
apart and put together again. Still another
desirable quality is the woaderful velocity at
which they can be run, the inventor claiming
that they tan be run at least one-third faster
than any other pump in use, and at the same
time can be run as sJowly as may be desired.
From the construction of this pump it must
of necessity be_durable. Their work is almost
noiseless and the stream thrown very steady.
From the simplicity of construction they are
very cheaply built. This is a recent California
invention, and has attracted considerable at-
tention from machinists and others. The
pump is adapted for feeding boilers with high
or low pressure engines, for tank purposes,
for railroads and residences, irrigating pur-
poses, and for water works of any magni-
tude. They are furnished under a strict guar-
antee as to the work they will perform. We
have seen this pump at work, and are satisfied
that it will he well uked wherever introduced.
The pumps are being made in Jonathan
Kittredge's building, Nos. 18 and 20 Fremont
street, opposite Spaulding's saw factory, where
they can be examined by those interested.
The construction of the .Richmond refining
works has opened a new branch of industry,
that of bone gathering. Bone-dust is required
in large quantities for refining, and it will take
all that can be found in Nevada to meet the
demand.
California Woods — Useful and Orna-
mental.
Meases. Editoes: — A correspondent's in-
quiry of J. O. C, as to where specimens of
California woods can be obtained for the pur-
pose of manufacturing presents for Eastern
friends, has been accidentally overlooked.
In reply I would say that A. Sinning of Coul-
terville, lately in the Yosemite Valley, would
be the best person to apply to for strips of rare
woods, suitable for paper folders. I have ob-
tained strips and very beautiful veneers from
Strahle & Co. , billiard table manufacturers in
San Francisco, which I have bad finished at
cabinet makers, or in ordinary carpenter shops.
Portfolio covers, made of Oregon cedar, and
ornamented with photographs of the same
tree are cheap and pretty. Redwood is rather
dark, and is improved by gluing on a light
border of some other wood which makes the
frame to the pieture. For paper folders, the
small stereographic photographs to be had at
HouBeworth's or Watkin's, of the Big Trees,
yellow pines, sugar pine and other Sierra trees
are large enough. They should be put on with
the decalcomanie process. Below is a list of
dark and light colored woods suited to orna-
mental works. Two years ago, my son col-
lected thirty species of woods in and around
the Yosemite, some of which exceed in beauty
any foreign woods I know. The two-leaved
pine is exquisitely marked, and watered like the
richest brown moire antique. Manzanita has
the lines of old wine. "Granite" is curiously
waved with brown and amber. "When we get
our shops for the education of female artizans
many beautiful pieces of cabinet work will
demonstrate the aptitude of our native woods
for the finest uses of art. But here is the list:
Light woods — Willow, Maple, Frangula, (very
fine spotted); Torreya, (California nutmeg);
Coanothus, Silver Fir. Box, Oregon Cedar,
Yellow Pine, Two-leaf Pine, Madrone, Buck-
eye. Dark woods — Manzanita, Granite, Big
Tree, Black Oak, Mountain Mahogany, Bear
Berry, Live Oak, Red Oak, Redwood (root,)
Aldei-. This list is by no means complete, our
coniferous trees alone furnish more than thirty
different kinds. These suggestions will do for
a b ginning. Jeanne C. Cabb.
Growth op Man. — Observations regarding
the rate of the growth of man have deter-
mined the following interesting facts: The
most rapid growth takes place immediately af-
ter birth, the growth of an infant during the
first year of its existence being about eight
inches. The ratio of increase gradually de-
creases until the age of eight years, at which
time the size attained is half that which it is to
become when full grown. After five years the
succeeding increase is very regular till the six-
teenth year, being at the rate for the average
man of two inches a year. Beyond sixteen
the growth is feeble, being for the following
two years about two sixteenths of an inch a
year; while from eighteen to twenty the in-
crease in hight is seldom over one inch. At the
age of twenty-five the growth ceases, save in a
few exceptional cases. It has furthermore
been observed that, in the same race, the mean
size is a little larger in cities than in the coun-
try, a fact that will be received with doubt by
many who have come to regard the rustic as the
true model man.
On the 26th ultimo the Oceanic company in
San Luis Obispo shipped the last of 300 flasks
of quicksilver, being the product of eight
weeks' run. The last 100 flasks oame out
in the last 10 days, being at the rate of 10 flasks
per day, or aboat 800 pounds, worth at the
mine $1,200.
The narrow-gauge company of Salinas and
Monterey has just received another locomotive
from Philadelphia, at a cost of $8,000.
The avalanche in Big Cottonwood, Utah,
which buried five men and seven teams, was a
mile and a half long and half a mile wide.
During the last fifteen years Vancouver Is-
land has sent to San Francisco 259,341 tons of
coal.
162
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 13, 1875
CORRESPONDENCE.
Reveille Mining District.
[From our Regular Correspondent.]
Editobs Pbess: — Some of the mining camps
of Nevada appear to be as little exempt from
the laws of change as are nations and individ-
nals; They have their intervals of prosperity
and adversity, their periods of brilliant promise
and unclouded hope, bright and radiant as the
noonday sun, as well as their moments of mid-
night gloom, neglected and uncared for by the
denizens of more fortunate sections. These ex-
periences are, of course, inseparably connect-
ed, in a greater or less degree, with the history
of silver mining on. this coast. They not un-
frequently result, however, from the careless-
ness and lack of energy and vigorous enterprise
di splay ed*by early discoverers, who oftentimes
leave fortunes behind them in the ground
which others by and by successfully develop.
Time, labor and money are the three greatest
essentials to success in connection with mining,
and without the judicious association and co-
operation of the two latter there cannot much
permanent prosperity result from it. Nature
has lavished her treasures with no .unsparing
hand.pn the bleak and rugged hills aDd moun-
tains of Nevada, and though she has in some
instances largely exposed her mineral wealth,
in huge deposits above their rock ribbed sides,
with a view to tempt the cupidity and enter-
prise of the votaries of fortune, she has more
generally hoarded it with jealous care, away
down in the primitive vaults and channels ar-
tistically fashioned by her own imperishable
hand. She has, however, left behind her am-
ple evidences of her good will toman, by seam-
ing the otherwise barren rocks and soil with
the external indications whioh, if followed,
eventually leads to success. Her vast resources,
however, are reached by the same means that
subjects the lightning's flash to man's imperious
will. The twin sisters, Art and Science, fur-
nish the keys that unlock the chambers where
silently repose the mighty secrets and illimit-
able resources that arestored in the treasury of
Nature for the uses and purposes of the ma-
terial world. Art creates and fashions the plas-
tic material according to prescribed rules
while the unerring principles of science directs
and instructs in all that relates to its applica-
tion.
But to resume. The district whose name
forms the caption to this letter furnishes an
apt illustration of the truth of its opening sen-
tence. It has had its days of gloom, neglect
and idleness; it now promises to have the re-
verse of these; i. e., if I am permitted to draw
my deductions from surrounding objects and
circumstances, this
Once Famous
District is again beginning to attract the atten-
tion of the mining world. Already the fame
of its recent discoveries has resounded through-
out the State, gladdening the hearts of many
who for long years have clung tenaciously to
its fortunes, fervently believing that some day
they would be amply rewarded for their toil
and patience. The citizens of the "Queen
City of the Pacific, "too, it would appear, have
caught the inspiring sound, to judge by the
evidences before me. These glad reports
reached myself at Tybo, and in order to test
their truth I came here on the 16th instant to
see and be convinced if possible; if not, to re-
turn a sadder and wiser man. I did not re-
turn as yet, however, for I have not only seen
and examined, but have also become thorough-
ly convinced of the correctness of the first in-
timations which I received of its mineral de-
velopments; and since one attested fact is
worth a score of grape vine reports, I submit
the following for the consideration of the nu-
merous readers of the Pbess:
Reveille District
Was organized some time in 1866, and flour-
ished apace for a considerable time, or until
the imbecility, inexperience and mismanage-
ment of the Manager of a New York compa-
ny, which was formed for the purpose of reduc-
ing its ores, had well nigh plunged it forever
into the abyss of total oblivion. The struc-
tures (wood and brick; that composed the
former town, are still standing, and in a toler-
able state of preservation, but are no longer
ttnantless, for they have lately fallen to the lot
of the stalwart new comers who, like myBelf,
have been attracted hither. The mines are lo-
cated on the elevated chain of hills that
stietch parallel to and midway between the
Diamond range on the west {sometimes called
the Hot Creek range), and the White Pine
range on the east, which courses north and
south. Enclosed between these extended bar-
riers is a broad and fertile valley, suitable for
either cultivation or pasture, to the latter of
Which it is at present "devoted, there being
thousands of head of fat, sleek stock roaming
at will over its broad expanse. Here too are
found a few comfortable grain, hay, and vege-
table ranches, whose products find ready mar-
ket in the neighboring settlements of Beveille,
Tybo, Hot Creek, etc. It lies about 135 miles
due south of Eureka, and 35 miles south of
Tybo, and is on the direct line of the proposed
narrow-gauge to the Colorado river.. There, is
an abundant supply of wood and water for all
practical purposes both at the town and mill-
site, of which more anon. The geological
formation is of limestone, and in it and ex-
tending in huge projections above the general
surface are great veins or belts of quartzite*
rich in chloride and sulphurets of silver. Many
of these masses of quartz are upward of 100
feet in thickness, and extend longitudinally
many times that distance. Great dikes of por-
phyry are also found coursing in parallel lines
to the quartzite and lime. The silver-bearing
veins occur most frequently between the two
former, the quartzite in most instances form-
ing the foot wall, while the porphyry forms the
hanging wall to nearly all the veins examined.
The mineral characteristics are quite different
from those exhibited at Tybo or elsewhere,
though the dip of the lodes is usually to the
east and northeast, the same as at Tybo, while
the angle of inclination is considerably greater.
A large amount of work appears to have been
done near the surface, but no great depth has
been attained, and herein lies the true cause of
the failure of .Reveille in early days to meet the
expectations formed of it.
The Gila
Mine owDed by the company of the same name
of which I will speak by and by, makes a fine
showing of the sulphuret and chloride ores
which give assay values ranging from $80 to
$1,400 per ton and in a few instances even higher
results have been obtained. Three samples
recently taken at random from the inclined
winze now being sunk on the vein, which shows
a thiokness of four feet between walls, yielded
as follows: No. 1, a fine chloride ore, $883 35;
No. 2, $405 15; No. 3, $150 20; an average of
$479 23, in silver; no assay being made for gold,
though I am certain that it is present in greater
or less amounts. Quantities of this ore worked
at the Tybo furnace, gave returns of $850 per
ton. The percentage of lead is very light, be-
ing hardly 3 per cent., thus giving promise of
being easily aud profitably milled. This mine
is located on the northern point of a conically-
shaped hill, and its outcrop can be traced for
hundreds of feet along the quartzite formation
which is largely impregnated with richest min-
eral in seams and large patches. Ihe ore was
found within a foot of the surface on the north-
ern slope of the aforesaid hill, close by huge
masses of quartz, which tower several feet
above the outline of the hill. It overlies the
quartzite in a strata or deposit from three to
five feet thick, and of indefinite extent laterally
and longitudinally. It has been penetrated by
a tunnel 100 feet, running lengthwise in'o the
hill, without discovering its southern boundary,
neither has its western boundary been reached,
although a drift of 25 feet in extent has been
driven across it. Midway from the orifice of
the tunnel, a shaft, or rather incline winze of
respectable dimensions, was commenced some
days ago. It is now down 65 feet, expobing an
immensely rich body of ore, four feet thick be-
tween a quartzite foot wall and a porphyry
hanging wall. The latter oontains large
masses of oxide of iron, manganese and talc.
The latter has a fine pearly color, is unotious to
the touch, and streaked like marble and looks,
when polished, or cut with the knife, exactly
like that mineral. Magnecian lime is also some
times mixed with it, but in small bunches gen-
erally. The above are about the main faots
connected with this wonderful bonanza oi ore.
The mine is a valuable one and already bids fair
to realize the just expectations of its lucky
owners. There is considerable ore in sight and
the developments that are being vigorously
pushed ahead, are bringing to light slill larger
masses of it. The mine has not been worked
much more than 22 days, and yet in that time,
there has been not less than $65,000 to $75,000
worth of ore extracted from it, that is now
piled upon the dump awaiting the packers.
The Gila Company •
Was incorporated in San Francisco toward the
end of January last, with a capital of $10,000,-
000, divided into 100,000 shares, of $100 each.
The incorporators are J. M. English, J. B. Mc-
Gee, Arthur K. Hawkins, Camille Martin, of
the London Chartered Bank, and W. B.
Barnes, of Bieveille, one of its original owners
and locators. The three former gentlemen are
co-owners in that other brilliant mining opera-
tion known as the Tybo Consolidated S. M.
Company (Limited) of London, which I for-
merly made mention of in the Pbess. Them-
selves and the two latter constitute the first
Board of Directors, with J. M. Euglish, Esq.,
President, George E. Clarke, one of the for-
mer owners, as Superintendent, and J. A.
Knapp, as Secretary, at the San Francisco office.
The stock has not been as yet placed upon the
Stock Board but will be, moBt likely, sometime
during the ensuing month, in order to afford an
opportunity of purchase to the large number of
persons, who desire to possess an interest in it.
In connection with the property is an ex-
cellent
Ten Stamp Mill
In complete running order, lately purchased by
the company, and is in thorough repair through-
out. This mill was erected here in 1871 by a
New York company that subsequently col-
lapsed, after extracting in the neighborhood of
$30,000 in bullion from the ores of the district.
Companies organized in the Excelsior State
have never yet done other than the deepest in-
jury to the mining interests of Nevada. Igno-
minious failures have been the general result of
all of their undertakings. Two of them at one
time threw a blight upon the mining interests
of Eureka. Reville was the next sufferer and
now comes Morey district to appeal to our
sympathies and excite our indignation and con-
tempt. The mill is a wet-crusher, and is copi-
ously supplied with water from a neighboring
spring. Wood, too, is found within convenient
reach, on the eastern slopes of the Diamond
range, distant about one and a half miles from
the mill. The buildings comprise an office, Su-
perintendent's and Secretary's residence, an
assay office, a spacious boarding house, a
lodging house, a blacksmith's shop, together
with a commodious stable, corral, etc., and all
the other appliances. The mill is being over-
hauled with a view to the immediate resump-
tion of active operations, after itslong idleness.
The necessary supplies of quicksilver, sulphate
of copper, etc., have been already received from
San Francisco, and salt, whioh is the most im-
portant element, is found in large quantities
at the marshes, a few miles to the east and
northeastwards of here, and it can be laid down
at the mill at a cost of about $40 per ton. The
standard of fineness ranges from 70 to 95 per
cent of pure chloride of sodium, the residue in
soda and insoluble matter. The ore has to be
hauled a distance of eight miles, and will cost
from $7 to $8 per ton, but either of these is a
moderate sum enough when the quality of the
ore, and stretch to be traversed are taken into
account. Hauling commences in a few days,
and it is expected that the music of those long
dormant stamps will greet our ears sometime
about the first proximo, and thus add to the
general activity and enlivenment of the scene.
From the foregoing sketch, imperfect and all,
though it is in character and detail, it will be
readily seen under what favorable auspices the
Gila company flings its symbolical banner to
the not over gentle zephyrs of this long neg-
lected section of the State. Long may it float
in triumphant brightness and beauty, the rep-
res-ntative of not alone a nation's greatness
and glory, but the symbol of corporate honor,
energy and enterprise. With such a union,
success is the inevitable result. Prosperity is
bound to exist wherever nature has laid the
foundation as broad and deep as she has here,
and its march cannot very well be retarded if
there is a reasonable amount of care, economy
and judgment exhibited in the management
and peneral direction of affairs. These, how-
ever, will not be wanting. The character of
the gentlemen at its head, coupled with the dis-
cretion and practical experience of its superin-
tendent, are the best guarantees which the
public can have of the "bona fides of the under-
taking. These gentlemen have already pur-
chased the property, and subscribed largely to
a fund to meet current expenses.
There are many other deserving mines loca-
ted here that I cannot at present find time to
fittingly describe. Besides, I have only exam-
ined a few,of them, and since I do not desire to
pass aught that cannot be substantiated, I lor-
bear until such time as I can do so with pro-
priety and confidence. The old town of
Reveille is once more donning the habiliments
of every day life, such as becomes an active,
hopeful camp. It contains already a butcher
shop, a boarding house, and a commodious
store, filled with a large and varied assortment
of merchandise, owned by Messrs. Clark &
Barns, who have resided for the past eight
years in the district. Excelsior Reveillle!
J. D. P.
Reveille, Nye county, Feb. 27th, 1875.
Mammoth District, Nevada.
Editobs Ppess:— In the language of the im-
mortal Webster, I wish to inform the public
through your valuable paper that the old Mam-
moth district, in Nye county, Nevada, "ain't
dead yet." She still lives rich in silver and a
fair scattering of gold. Within the laBt year
her mines have been prospected, and such re-
sults obtained as to remove all doubts as to
their value and permanency. And for the ben-
efit of all whom it may concern, I propose to
give a brief sketch of some of the mineG now
being worked.
The Silver Wave,
Situated half a mile west of the town, has an
incline 120 feet, drifted 50 feet north and 25
feet pouth on the ledge, which is on an aver-
age 2% feet wide producing rich ore. From
assays, it goes from $150 to $300 to the ton.
The character of the ore is black metal and
chloride. There is no waste in the lode; all of
it producing good milling ore.
It is a well-defined lode with good hanging
walls, and has every indication of a permanent
mine. They have from 75 to 100 tons of ore on
the dump.
The mine is worked by the owners, all per-
sevtring men. Frank McPherson is Superin-
tendent, an energetic man and good miner.
The Empire
Situated about half a mile west of the Silver
Wave, has an incline 125 feet, a good track and
car, and have struck good ore in the bottom of
the incline. They have a ledge about three
feet wide, and a splendid prospect. The char-
acter of the ore is the same as the Silver Wave.
The work is prosecuted by a Mr. Bean, Presi-
dent of the company in Syracuse, New York,
and who is having other minea prospected in
the camp under the supervision of a Mr. Bid-
der, a very fine business man and a good
miner.
Another Mine
Lying a short distance northeast of the Empire,
has an incline about 50 feet, rich ore and a
well-defined ledge and a good prospect. The
work is being prosecuted by Messrs. Welch &
Hawke, both long residents of the camp.
Other mines are being prospected not far from
this locality by Mr. Downey & Bro, with good
encouragement.
Rieh Strike. .
I wish to make special mention of amine about
3% miles west from the town, lying on the west
side of the Mammcth range of mountains, a
short distance below the Summit, near the
head of a large canyon. It was discovered by
James K. Evans on August 28th, 1868. It is
called the Lisbon. Mr. Evans was formerly an
old lumber dealer in California, between Au-
burn and IllinoiBtown. Within the last month
they have struck the bonanza of this district.
Or, as it is said by old miners, they have struck
a chimney of ore "bigger than a man can
think." It was found by running a tunnel at
right angles 250 feet, and they struck the ledge
140 feet below the surface. In addition to this
prospecting they came back to the mouth of
this tunnel and run another so as to strike the
ledge squarely, and at a distance of 120 feet
they struck this body of ore 90 feet below the
surface. They are now W feet in the ledge,
aDd their tunnel is seven feet high and five feet
wide, and they intend to go through it, be the
distance what it may. From some half dozen
n- -Bavs that have been made, it goes from $300
to $600 per ton. The ores consist mostly of a
carbonite with some chloride, resembling the
ores found in Cerro Gordo; so itis said by those
who have seen both. The ledge so far is soft,
so that it can be abstracted with a pick, and
two men are now taking out fonr tons a day.
It is thought by experienced miners that the
prosp ct in sight will run a 20-stamp mill right
along. A man by the name of Henry Ragins
has beoome half owner in this mine, and he is
thought to be the right sort of a man.
Several other mines in this locality show
good ore and fair prospectB. In addition to
these, in another belt only a short distance, is
reported to be fine smelting ore, but nothing of
this kind having ever been tested here, no defi-
nite opinion can by given at this writing.
A short distance north of Mr. Evans' mine,
Mr. Crowell is making preparations to prose-
cute work on the Cadiz mine, which has indi-
cations of a lar, e and well-defined ledge.
To return to onr little town. It it situated in
a beautiful canyon pleasantly located for resi-
dents and well supplied witb timber and water.
We have a ten-stamp mill here and are confi-
dently looking forward to a lively time the com-
ing season. Pine Nut.
Ellsworth, Nevada, Feb. 20.
Disposing op Sewee Gas. — How effectually to
get rid of sewer gas is a problem that has long
puzzled engineers and sanitarians. Most of
the experiments have resulted in failures, and
none have thoroughly succeeded, except in
making what was bad a great deal worse. An
English inventor has recently patented a new
mode of dealing with the gas, which is ingen-
ious and promises to be effective.
Connected with the main sewer is a pipe two
inches in diameter, and at the top of the pipe
is a ball, so fixed that it allows an aperture of
a quarter of an inch all round, through which
the sewer-gas may escape from the pipe. Kun-
ning up outside the large pipe is an ordinary
gas-pipe, and underneath the ball at the top of
the sewer-pipe a set of burners is so arranged
that when lighted they make a complete circle
of fire. The ball prevents the sewage-gas from
rising through the center, and it cannot escape
through the flame, which entirely surrounds
the aperture. The invention may be easily ap-
plied to the public lamps.
A Wire Tbamway fob Mt. Diablo.— A
company has been formed to build a wire rope
tramway — similar to that exhibited at several
Mechanics' Fairs in this city— to transport peo-
ple from the foot of Mt. Vesuvius to its top.
The mountain, very properly suggests the Alta
of this city is about as high as Mt. Diablo, or
as the top of Sentinel Dome above Yosemite
Valley, and if suih an enterprise will pay in
Italy, it may be worthy of consideration here,
though the tourists who go to Nap'es probably
are a hundred fold more numerous than those
who come to California.
The new, or Talbut coal mines, near Seattle,
are going forward in development. The tun-
nel is now 420 feet long, and still extending
day and night. There are 12 feet of coal in
the seam, with a half inch of shale or slate in
the center.
Pacific Coast Woods. — A collection of Pa-
cific Coast woods is to be formed at the State
University, and tests will be made of their ca-
pability and peculiarities. Some useful know-
ledge may be thus obtained.
Mining has begun on the placers of Santiam,
fifteen miles from Smith's Ferry, Oregon.
An Asbestos mine of very fine quality has
been discovered near Eureka, Sierra county.
March 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
163
ECHANICAL JBROGRES&
Action of Zinc on Boilers.
Reports bare from time to time appeared of
late with regard to the usefulness of a piece of
zinc in a ateam boiler as a preventative against
incrustation. Quite a number of engineers
have expressed approval of it. Some siy they
have used it (or many years, and that it not
only prevents the deposit in the boiler from
becoming scaly and adhering, but tbat it also
prevents rust in all the pipes connecting with
the boiler, vo that in one case where zinc was
used the pipes did not want any extraordinary
repair in twenty years, while without the use
of a piece of zinc in tUe boiler, they were all
leaking in three years, especially at the elbows
and T's.
One engineer mentions, to the Scientific
American, a drawback, namely, the deposit of
a material like calamine in the cylinder, piston
bead and pomp, causing them to work badly.
A later correspondent of the same journal,
L. T. Wells, of Carondolet, Mo., says: Seven
or eight years ago, I tried the experiment,
under the idea that an electrical condition
might probably have something to do with
boiler incrustation. The boiler I had was an
upright one. I placed a pieceof zinc weighing
about two pounds on the dome inside, be-
tween the tribes; it remained there about two
months, and during that time the boiler was
opened at the bottom, on three sides, for a
weekly cleaning. I noticed that the mud (Mis-
sisbippi mud) was quite different from that
previously deposited. Before it was mostly
made up of scales; but after the zinc was put
in, the deposit was soft, and scarcely a sign of
scale was visible, the surface of the iron within
looking fresh and new.
Notwithstanding this favorable action of zinc,
it is not to be recommended for this purpose.
I found the cylinder, piston rod and piston
head badly .incrusted by something which I
could not understand; the pump worked badly
and frequently failed, becoming inorusted
within. I sent it to be repaired to the maker,
who on opening it, expressed his surprise at
its condition, and said: "How came this stuff
on the pump? It looks like calamine." Zinc
as a preventative of boiler inorustation will not
do; if, however, the zino produces a galvanic
current, and renders the iron negative, then
the experiment is suggestive of a pinciple that
can be used by external application of the gal-
vanic force.
Another, writing from Utica, N. Y., alludes
to a previous correspondent as follows : I saw in
your issue of December 12th, that an engineer
on the steamship St. Laurent, running between
New York and France, bad left an ingot of
zinc in one of his boilers; and on looking for
it at the end of the next trip, he found it all
wasted away to a mere mud. This is not new
here. Mr. J. J. Illingworth, chief engineer of
the Utica Steam Cotton mills, first introduced
zinc in their boilers nearly twenty years ago,
and by his recommendation it is now used in
the New York Kill's boilers and in many boil-
ers and in many other places. Mr. I. claims
that the zinc has a great affinity for oxygen,
and therefore absorbs the oxide in the water,
and thus prevents its affecting the iron of the
boiler. I herewith send yon a couple of pieces
which X obtained from him; and you will see
that they are not all goue to mud, as they would
have been if they had been left in the boiler a
week or two longer. These pieces have been
in the boiler about four weeks. In the New
York mills where soft water is used, the zinc
will lay there without being affected; but as
soon as the bard water of the Sauquoit ereek
is used, it begins at once to affect the zinc. Nor
is this all of the affect of the zino in the boilers;
it prevents the steam pipes (running round the
mill for heating purposes) from rusting.
To show this more conclusively, I will say
that the piping in the above mill, where zinc
has been so freely used, has been in twenty-five
years, and has needed no more than the ordin-
ary repairs that suoh pipes require. But on
the other hand, the company built a new mill
(whioh was started in October. 1869), and, for
Borne reason not explained, there was no zinc
put into the new boilers for about three years.
The result of this neglect or oversight was that
the heating pipes all through the mill began to
leak at the elbows, couplings and T's; and on
taking the pipe apart for repairs, it was found
that wherever the steam struck the T or elbow
or dripped into it, there was a hole eaten into
it; and when a piece of pipe was to be taken
down, there was no telling where the workmen
could stop, because the pipes, T's, elbows and
couplings were generally eaten away. I also
send you a T, which is a fair sample of all the
pipe and other joints connected with it.
When thiB was brought to the knowledge of
Mr. I., he began at once to put zinc into the
boilers of that mill, and the result of it is that
the rusting of the pipes has entirely stopped
and the bill of repairs has lessened accordingly.
I am told that the above engineer has used zinc
in his boiler, for over twenty-five years, with
the same result in all cases.
Steel Bails. — Steel rails appear to "be every-
where excluding those of iron. All of the con-
tracts lately given out by the Belgian Govern-
ment for the State lines are steel. It is stated
that steel rails are about as cheap now as iron
rails were two or three years ago.
Aluminium Utensils.
Seventeen years have passed since Devifie
first produced aluminium on a commercial
scale; but the expectations regarding this very
interesting and meritorious invention of the
distinguished French chemist have not aa yet
been fulfilled. Although many of these ex-
pectations were somewhat exaggerated, Ihey
were not so unreasonable as many people be-
lieved them to be; for a metal with so many
valuable properties would be useful in many of
the technical arts. Among these properties are
a beautiful color that does not change in the
air, nor yet in sulphurous exhalations, and fur-
ther, remarkable lightness, an agreeable res*
onance, and a capability of being worked into
any shape. Moreover, in the use or manipula-
tion of aluminium there have not hitherto
been observed any deleterious effects.
It is generally conceded that the cost, and
not the absence of properties which make other
metals valuable, has prevented the more exten-
sive applioat;on of aluminium; and the price,
although it is considerably less than it was at
first, has remained high for many years. The
cost of production of this metal, which can
only be extracted by the use of sodium, cannot
possibly be the only cause of its high price;
for the commercial manufacture of sodium may
be considered as a solved problem, and, as
soda ash is very cheap, sodium might be pro-
duced at a moderate cost if the demand were
greater than it is. Large production is caused
by large consumption, ana the use of alumi-
nium has been hitherto limited, mainly be-
cause custom and nse have in a measure op-
posed the introduction of suoh a novelty, ex>
cept for fancy articles.
Stories have been written and told about
poisoning by oooking vessels made of copper,
by glazings containing lead, and the formation
of verdigris on spoons of (alloyed) silver; but
if people were only determined to produce
these utensils from aluminium, all danger from
poisoning would be removed, and they would
have vessels, the appearance and durability of
whieh would leave scarcely anything to desire.
They would be more convenient to handle than
our light crookery ware, tor they can be made
as light, and, what is important, cannot be
broken. Splendid pitchers, plates, gobletsv
lamps, etc., might be manufactured from dead-
ened and embossed aluminium; and the light-
ness of spoons of this metal would make them
more convenient than thoBe of silver now in
use. In this case it is not the pri»>e, but only
prejudice, which presents itself as a drawback,
for the price is only half of that of good silver ;
beside, the difference in the specific weights of
both metals and the consequent cheapness in
the use of aluminium are bo great that, for the
value of one silver spoon, at least Beven equally
large aluminium spoons might be bought.
True, aluminium is neither a rare nor a noble
metal but it possesses, nevertheless, advan-
tages over alloyed silver which give it a much
finer appearance; it does not get black, nor
does^lt form verdigris, and what it lacks in
brilliancy and appearance is well compensated
for? in its agreeable lightness. Bat, unfortun-
ately it has been found impossible to plate with
aluminium either by the galvanic or foil
method.
Ibon and Stbeii Tiee8. — A description is
given of an improved method, recently intro-
duced abroad, of reducing the inner diameter
of tires which have been nndnly enlarged by
the hammer or the rolls Bo that they cannot be
put on when hot in the usual manner. This
plan consists in heating the tire to redness
and then plunging it horizontally, but only to
half its breadth, in water, and leaving it there
till quite cold. The operation is then repeated
in the same position, after which the tire is
is turned over and the heatings and plungings
applied to the other half of the ring. The first
cooling produces a contraction of which the
half not immersed partakes, and thus under-
goes a molecular retraction, resulting in a re-
duction of diameter; of course the same is
produced in the other half during the second
operation. In this way, it is said, a tire has
been reduced 7 in 895; and fonr immersions
will double the shrinking. In the same man-
ner a ring of Bessemer steel, whieh had not
only enlarged under the hammer, but had also
become conical in form in the interior, was
brought to the exact diameter by heating and
immersing thirteen times successively— first,
the side which was contracted, and afterwards
that which had become enlarged. The correc-
tion amounted to nearly four inches, though
the diameter of the steel ring is not given.
Gunpowder Experiments. — Certain experi-
ments which have been made at the Chemical
Department, Boyal Arsenal, by Professor Abel
and Captain Noble, relative to the properties of
gunpowder, have reached a definite stage, and
a preliminary report has been made. The ob-
jects of the investigation were to ascertain the
products of explosion when fired in guns or
mines, the tension, the effect of various sized
grains, the variation produced by various con-
ditions of pressure, the volume of perma-
nent gas, the heat, and the work performed on
a shot in the bore of the gun. For these pur-
poses a steel chamber was used, closed with a
screw plug, through which circuit wires were
led aud the powder fired by electric current.
The pressures were registered by crusher
gauges, and when the powder fills the space in
which it is fired it is found that the pressure is
about 6400 atmospheres, or 42 tons per square
inch. The temperature of explosion is found
to be about 2200 degrees Cent. When gun-
powder is fired in small arms, about 35 per cent,
of the heat generated is communicated to the
barrel, but only 3 per cent, is absorbed by an
18-ton gun. The products of explosion are
about fifty-seven parts weight of solid to forty-
three parts of permanent gas. The analysis of
the gaseous products showed a regular change,
due to variation in pressure, carbonic anhy-
dride increasing, with a disease in carbonic ox-
ide, as the pressure increased. The solid
products were subject to greater and less reg-
ular variation; generally Bpeaking, the chemi-
cal action is more complicated than has been
supposed, and the old fundamental equations
are found to represent it very imperfectly.
iCiENTiFic Progress.
Iron Furniture. — Amongst recent indus-
trial developments in Germany is the hollow
iron furniture, which has been popular for years
in Austria. In Germany, however, it is only
quite lately that the first large factory for mak-
ing this class of goods has been opened. Rib-
bon-iron of the best quality is taken and con-
verted into tubing in pieces of about 16 feet
long, whioh can be bent cold into any form
suitable for the making of bedsteads, doors,
tables, etc. Hollow iron is stronger and light-
er than the solid iron usually employed here-
tofore, and possesses the special advantage
that the rivets hold better and that it does not
break so easily, as is frequently the case in
solid iron, which gives way wherever there is a
flaw.
Russia has hit upon the original device of
building wooden-clad vessels of war, the outer
coating of timber being intended to protect the
iron from injury.
Ancient Aqueducts. — M. Belgrand, whose
services to Paris, as director of the water ser-
vice of the city cannot be overrated, has made
a highly interesting communication to the
Academy of Sciences, in the form of an extract
from a book which he is about to publish on
"Ancient Aqueducts," or the distribution of
water in Egypt and Greece. He showed that
Egypt never could have had aqueducts, but
that her system of irrigating is of the highest
antiquity, and still excites the admiration of
engineers. With all the engineering art at
present existing, says M. Belgrand, it would
be difficult to construct covered aqueducts, as
the lowest practical fall, namely, 0.10 in 1,000
cannot be obtained. The ancients never made
aqueducts with a fall less than 0.50 per 1,000
feet, and no trace of a covered conduit is found
in Egypt or in Nubia. Greece was certainly
supplied by aqueducts, as their gymnasium
supplied the Romans with the type for the
Thermes. But the aqueducts of the former
were much less important than those of the
latter. M. Belgrand intends to complete the
history of the aqueducts of the ancient world,
and also of those of modern times, down to
that of the derivation of the Vanne, which is
now approaching completion, and the waters
of which will entirely supersede the less whole-
some water of the Seine. These scientific
histories will form a mass of valuable informa-
tion, and save water engineers a vast deal of
trouble.
The Freezing Point. — Schultz shows that
the freezing point of water is lowered by dis-
solving gases. That water holding solids free-
zes at a lower point is well known. Thomson
and ClansiuB have shown from the principles of
tbe mechanical heat that the freezing point of
water falls 0'007°C for every additional atmos-
phere of pressure. To determine the true
freezing point, take a glass tube dosed at one
end, fill with sulphuric acid, and heat. Then
pour out, and rinse repeatedly. The tube is
then two-thirds filled with distilled water,
which has been boiled for some time in a clean
beaker, and a small quantity of filtered oil of
turpentine is poured upon the water. The tube
is then carefully heated, without , allowing to
rise to boiling point, lest an explosion should
ensue, to remove any bubbles which may ad-
here to the side. The tnbe is taken out of the
oil-bath, cooled, and placed in a freezing mix-
ture. In most cases a portion of it freezes at
once, if a thermometer is inserted, and moved
up and down. If not the tube must be returned
to the freezing mixture. It is important that
the thermometer should be cooled down to the
freezing point before being introduced.
An Interesting Solution.
Among scientific puzzles is one whioh has
long perplexed geologists, viz., the existence
of large areas of rock containing no sign of life,
side by side with formations of the same pe-
riod which are foil of fossils — relics of primeval
life. Why should one be (so barren, and the
other so prolific ? There is now an answer in
this important question, and readers who take
an interest in the exploring voyage of tbe
"Challenger" will be glad to learn that the an-
swer comes from that ship, in a paper written
by Dr. Wyville Thomson, chief of the scientific
stan. on board. This paper was recently read
before the English Royal Society, and contains
the result of some deep sea-soundings, which
have revealed the existence of vast areas of bar-
ren clay at the bottom of the bottom of the sea,
in depths varying from 2,200 to 4,000 fathoms
and more. In paris the bottom is composed of
the so called globigerina mud; that is a thick
deposit of small creatures known to naturalists
as globigerina, which live near the surfaoe and
sink to the bottom when dead. There they
accumulate, building up chalk for ages to come,
when land and sea shall once more change
places.
But it is remarkable that at the depth of 2,200
fathoms the globigerina then often disappear,
and the gray deposit merges into the barren
clay above mentioned. The explanation is
is that below the 2,000 fathoms these tiny shells
are dissolved by some action of the water, and
that tbe minute quality of alumina and iron
which they contain go to form the areas of
barren clay. The extent of these areas is so
great that it exceeds all others aB yet known
at tbe bottom of the sea, and it is also the most
devoid of life. In this respect the red clay
now forming, resembles the schist which at
present occupies so large a part of our earth's
surface. "We are all more or less familiar wish
chalk and with rocks that show no sign of fos-
sils; and to be thus, so to speak, made eye wit-
nesses of the process by which chalk and rock
were formed is unusually interesting. Dr
Thomson's paper is published at length in th
Proceedings of the Royal Society. Its import-
ance may be judged of by the fact that one of
our most eminent naturalists declares that it
alone is worth all the cost of the "Challengei"
expedition.— Chambers' Journal.
A New Light. — A new artificial light of
great intensity, particularly rich in photo-
fraphic rays has been recently invented in
ranee. A quart bottle with a somewbut large
mouth, has a cork with two openings.
Through one of these a tube passes to near the
bottom of the bottle; through the second a
large tube packed with iron scale issues. Frag-
ments of pumice fill the bottle, and on these
carbon disulphide is poured. A current of
nitric oxide gas, prepared by Deville's method
— by the action of nitric and sulphuric acids on
metallic iron contained in a gs elf-regulating
reservoir — is passed through the bottle, where
it takes up the vapor of the disulphide. It is
then led through the safety-tube packed with
iron scale to the burner. Excellent photo-
graphs were taken in five seconds with ihis
light, the object being six feet distant. In
photographic power the light is asserted to be
superior to the magnesium or calcium light,
and even to surpass the electric light itself.
The products of combustion are noxious and
must be gotten rid of.
Death of a Scientist. — The death of Chas.
Lyell, which took place in London, Feb. 23d,
is a great loss to the scientific world. For more
than a quarter of a century he bad been one of
the chief teachers of the age. He gained most
of his fame as an author of standard geological
works, in which he summed up all the knowl-
edge of the time in a lucid style, and in this
manner he did much to popularize one of the
most important branches of science. His last
notable book was on the antiquity of mankind.
He was a man of liberal and advanced ideas,
and was always ready to grapple with any
question which come up within the legitimate
field of scientific research. He was progress-
ive to the last.
Medal Awabd. — The Copley medal of the
Boyal Society has been awarded to Prof.
Louis Pasteur "for his researches on Fermen-
tation and Pebrine," ftud the Bumford medal
to J. Norman Lockyer "for his spectroscopic
researches on the Sun and on the Chemical
elements.
Encke's Comet. — The return of Encke's
comet to our heavens has been for some time
expected, but its immense distance (182,000,-
000 miies) rendered all search with ordinary
instruments useless. The Urge equatorial at
the naval observatory, Washington, D. C, was
recently put into service, and the comet was
seen through this superb instrument by Profes-
sor Holden and Paymaster Tuttle of the TJ. S.
N. Its distance rendered the use of the mi-
crometer impossible, and it will scarcely be
observable under ordinary circumstances for
several weeks.
It is known to our readers that the equato-
rial telescope above mentioned is one of the
finest in the world. It is Alvan Clark's mas-
terpiece, and has an objective 26 inches in di-
ameter. Its power is now demonstrated in a
remarkable manner.
A Match TJndeb the Mioeoscope. — Th os
who are fond of investigations with the micro-
scope will find a beautiful object in the head
of a parlor matoh. Strike the match, and
blow it out as soon as the head has fused suffi-
ciently to cause protuberances to form on it;
on the part of the head which took fire first,
will be found a white, spongy formation,
which, under the microscope and with a bright
sunlight upon it, has the appearance of dia-
monds, crystals, snow, frost, ice, silver and jet,
no two matches giving the same combination
or arrangement.
Pyeometeb. — Pyrometers are rapidly ap-
proaching a very satisfactory degree of perfec
tion. It appears from a report of a committee of
the Briitsh Association of Science charged with
examination of the above instruments, that, by
means of the Siemens electric pyrometer,
changes of resistance amounting to about 1-10,
000 of tbe quantity of heat to be measured oan
be detected without much difficulty.
Obtaining Oxygen. — In the establishment of
Krebs, Kron & Co., Berlin, oxygen is prepared
by heating together in a glass flask, in a water
bath, 10 quarts of water, 10 5> chloride of lime,
and 1 ft> nitrate of copper. It produces 15 cubic
feet of oxygen.
164
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 13, 1875
Work Done with Burleigh Drills.
Since the introduction of Burleigh drills and
air compressing machinery on this coast, about
two years ago, it has accomplished feats which
were deemed impossible. In tunneling work
especially it has been of immense advantage,
and basenabled mining companies using it to do
double the work at a great reduction of expen-
ses. Of late it is being used extensively in the
gravel mines, where a great amount of tunnel
work is often necessary. This Burleigh drill is
in use at the Golden Star mine, and has given
great satisfaction. We append a letter from
the Secretary of this company to the agents of
the drill in this city, which, as it gives details
of cost and work accomplished, is of interest to
the mining community:
Office of Golden Stab M. Co. \
Sacramento, March 8, 1875. J
Messes. Paeke & Lacy — Agents Burleigh Drill
Machinery — Gentlemen: For the information
of these engaged in mining, and who may be
contemplating the purchase of your machinery,
the directors of our company have instructed
me to state that the drill, with necessary pro-
pelling power and connections was placed in
our mine and commenced work about the 1st of
December last. The material is hard cement
with cobble intermingled, and working with
the ordinary hand drill three shifts would make
about two feet per day, costing us from $12 to
$15 per foot to run the tunnel, which is 7x7.
With this machinery we make from five to six
feet per day — at a cost of from $6 to $7 per
foot.
During the three months or more use of the
machinery there have been no breakages or
repairs worth mentioning
Annexed is a report of the actual working of
the drill for the 22 days comprising the month
of February. It is deemed proper to add that
the cost of the machinery complete, set up and
at work at our mine has been $4,500, and this
includes columu, drills, extra parts, 2,000 feet
of ten inch iron pipe, asphaltum coated, air
tanks, air compressor and 15 horse-power
boiler — original purchase money and placing
and housing the machinery.
. Report of working Burleigh drill machinery
for 22 working days of February, 1875, at
Golden State tunnel, Sierra county Cal.
Size of Tunnel Ti7
No. of one and three-fourth inch holes drilled 698
Aggregate length of holes 2,443 feet
Average depth of hole 3 feet 6-incheB
Consumption of wood per day .* %cord
Steam and air pressure 75 pounds
Lubricants — 43 gallons oil; 10 pounds tallow; one
pound black lead. No repairs.
The entire expenses for the month cannot
vary much from $700 or about $6 per foot for
the tunnel actually made.
Given under the seal of said company, by
order of the Trustees.
LiUBEN E. Ceane, Sec'y.
Determinative Mineralogy.
We have received from A. Roman & Co. a
copy of the "Manual of Determinative Miner-
alogy/' with an introduction in blow pipe an-
alysis by George T. Brush, Professor of Mineral,
ogy in the Sheffield Scientific School. The
material in the compilation was, for the greater
part, prepared almoBt twenty years since,by Prof.
S. W. Johnson and Prof. Brush as a text book
for students in the laboratory. It was not then
published but has since served as the basis of a
course of lectures and practical exercises annu-
ally given in the Sheffield laboratory. The
tables presented are based on the tenth German
edition of Yon Kobel'sbook. Additions of new
species have been made, and in many cases
fuller details are given in regard to the old
species, and the whole material has been thrown
into an entirely new shape. Berzelius and
Plattner are the main authorities quoted in the
chaptersou blow pipe analysis. In determinative
mineralogy, besides the works of Von Kobell,
free use has been made of the treatises of Nau-
mann and Dana.
The author states that it is proposed at some
future time to add to the volume methods for
the determination, of minerals by their physi-
cal characteristics. The whole work is an in-
valuable one to the student of mineralogy, and
the tables render itusefnlforregular laboratory
work. It is the most complete work on the
subject we have seen, the tables particularly
being voluminous and well arranged. The first
chapter is taken up with a description of the
blow pipe and its uses, with list of articles used,
reagents, etc. Then a systematic course of
qualitative blow pipe analysis is set forth. Then
a table showing the behovior of the earth's and
metallic oxide before the blow pipe. There is
given a very excellent and complete alphabetical
list of elements and characteristic blowpipe with
other reactions. Chapter 4, gives tables for the
determination of mineral species by means of
simple chemical experiments in the wet and
dry way, translated from Rebel's Tafelen zur
Sestimmung der Mineralien. An entirely differ-
ent mode of arrangement, however, is given
with much additional matter. The book is
* really a valuable one for reference or for the
student.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from. Advertisements in the Mining' and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals. 1
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Andes 8 M Or.
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Alps S M Co
American Flat M Co
Atlantic it Pacific ConB M Co
B.eon M&M Co
Bell'vue M Co
Bnckeye G A S M Co
Caledonia s VI Co
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Cherry Creek M & M Co Nevada
Confidence M Co
Coos Bay Orecon Coal Co
Dardanelles M Co
Davton G & S M Co
±11 Dorado Water 4 D G M Co
Kmpire M Co
Gold Run M Co
JdaEllmore M Co
Imnerial S M Co
Jnlia G & S M Co
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Meadow Valley M Co
MlntG*SMCo
Newark SMCo
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Phil Sheridan G 4 S M Co
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Pinche West Extension M Co
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Raymond A Ely S M Co
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Location. No. Ami. J^vied. Ddinq'nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business.
Washoe
Eureka Nev B
Ely District 8
Washne 5
Cal 10
Washoe 3
Cal 11
Washoe 18
Wa'hne 11
" 2
2
Cal
Oretron 1
Washoe 2
Washoe 2
Cal 5
Idaho 9
Cal 10
Idaho IB
Wsshoe 21
Washoe 21
Washoe 3
Nevada 18
Ely District 8
Washoe 9
Ely District 18
Washoe 3
Oal 36
Waahoo 2
Washoe 7
Washoe 7
Idaho 2
Pioche 3
Idnho 8
Washoe 17
Washoe II
IJaho 8
Washoe 5
Cal 10
Wa°hoe 10
Washoe
Washoe 8
Utah 4
Idaho 9
31
30
1 Oil
1 00
1 M
10 00
1 00
15
1 HO
1 00
2 00
SO
10
1 00
•20
1 00
25
1 00
l no
3 oo
,50
5 00
SO
1 00
2 00
so
Feb 25
Feb IB
Feb 10
Febs
Mars
Mars
Feb 17
Mar 4
Mar 9
Peb 17
Feb 17
Jan 16
Feb 5
Feb 5
Feb '6
Feb 16
Jan 30
Feb 9
Feb 1
Feb 10
Feb 12
Feb 25
Feb 25
Feb 11
Jan 19
Feb 2
Feb 16
Feb 3
Jsn21
Mar 2
Mario
Jan 19
Jan 18
Febl
Feb 19
Feb 25
Mar 27
Feb 16
Feb 2
Feb 25
Feb 17
.Ian 22
Feb 26
Jan '25
Feb 27
Feb 10
Feb 18
Mar 29
Mar 24
Ma' 22
Maris
April 14
April 12
Mar 23
April '0
April 13
Mar 22
Mar 22
Feb 23
MarlO
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 19
Mar 5
Mar 15
Mar 8
Mar 17
Mar 18
Mar 13
April 3
Mar 23
Feb 24
Mur 10
Mar 23
Mar 12
Jlirl
April 3
April 17
Feb 24
Feb 26
Mar 9 .
Mar 21
April 3
April 1
Mar 19
Mar 8
Mar 31
Mar 22
Feb 24
April 2
Mar 2
April 8
Mar 18
Mar 23
April 14
April IB
April 12
AnrS
Msy3
Ma-vl
April 14
Aertl 29
May I
April 14
April 15
Ma' 17
Mar 31
Mar 31
April 13
April 3
Mar 26
Aprs
Mar 29
April 7
April 6
April 21
April 28
April 20
Maris
Mar 31
April 12
Mar 30
Mar 30
April 23
May 7
Mar 17
War 26
Mar 30
April 12
April 23
April 22
April 9
Mar 31
April 19
April 8
Mar 16
April 27
Mar 23
May 6
April 12
April 12
M Lsndera 507 Montgomery st
WWTraylor 408 California st
o D Squire Cor ■California A Mont
C A Sankey
A Noel
Edward May
D F Vsrdenal
C H SanUey
K Wegener
F Swift
I> F Verdana!
W S Anderson
T P Beach
W S Daval
W E bean
H Elias
W Willis
C C Palmer
W Willis
W E Dean
A Noel
E F Stern.
D A Jennings
J W Colburn
D A Jennings
W Willis
H c Kibbe
T Derby
W R Townsend
S Philips
T L Kimball
W Willis
T W Colburn
W Willis
E B Holmes
J H Sayre
Frank Swift
W B Dean
D F Verdenal
Louis K"plan
a W R King
W E Desn
Wm H Watson
L Kaplan
D A Jennings
J M Buffington
F D Oleary
u .^ . 1Lult ,.. ,,., AjijL.ion.uL i4 ivj reo 18 .Mar 2. < April la Je *J uieinj —
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS
331 M< n teomery st
419 California Bt
419 California st
409 California 134.
331 Montcomcry 8
414 California st
419 California at
400 California Ft
210 Battery Bt
424 Montgomery st
40'2 Montgomery st
419 California st
416 Monteomery Ft
419 California st
41 Market st
410 California st
410 California st
419 California st
419 California st
401 California at
418 California st
401 California st
419 California st
419 California st
320 California st
33(1 Pi 0 est
408 California st
409 California st
419 California. «t
418 California st
49 California at
419 California st
10 Stevenson's Bide
410 California st
419 California st
409 California st
Merchants' Ex
431 California st
419 California st
302 Montcrumery st
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
Alpine G M & M Co Cal
California and Arizona M Co Arizona
Carrie Hale Hydraul'c MiWCo Cal
Cascade Blue Gravel M Co
Oienepa P M Co
Edith Q M Oo
Electric M Co
Emma Hill Cons M Co
Fresno QS M Co
Geneva Cons S M Co
Gold Moumain GM Co Bear valley Cal
Golden Crown M Co Cal
H*s1ob M & M Co Mariposa Co Cal
Home G M Co Nevada Co Cal
Imperial S M Co Washoe
Independence Cons M Co Cal
International Gold M Co Cal
Kincaid Flat M Co Cal
Litile Panoche Quicksilver M Co Cal
Lob Prictos M Co
Maripnsa L ,fc M Co
North Fork M Co
New York Cons M Oo
Occidental M Co
OphirG MOo
Patten M Co
Pauper M Oo
Phcenix Tunnel & M Co
Prussian G & s M Co
Rocky Bar M Co
San Jose M Co
Silver Cloud G A S M Co
Silver Sprout MOo
Silver West Cons M Co
Table Mt Alpha M Oo
Tuolumne Hydraulic M Co
Union ConM Co
Weavervilte D A H M Co
Webf oot M Co
Wyoming G M Oo
Cal
Mexico
Cal
Cal
Utah
Cal
Nevada
Cal
Cal
Cal
Washoe
Nev
Bear valley Cal
Washoe
Idaho
Utah
Nye Co Nevada
Egan Canon
C*l
Oal
Eureka Nev
Cal
Cal
Washne
Cal
Elko Co Nei
Cal
1 25 Feh 11
10 Jan8
10 Jan 15
10 Mar 8
50 Mar 5
30 MarlO
5 Feb 16
40 Jan 29
25 Mar 2
20 Jan 2
1 00 Jan 25
10 Feb 25
1 25 Jan 13
SO Feb 13
1 00 Feb 10
2 50 Feb 4
is Mar 2
60 Feb 4
20 Febl
50 Mar 6
1 00 M-ir 10
25 Jan 28
50 Feblfi
50 Feb 2
10 Jan 22
20 Feb 3
75 Mar 4
25 Feb 15
1 00 Jan 12
10 Mar 3
5 00 Jan 27
25 Feb 8
5 Feb 17
10 Jan 13
1 10 Feb 5
20 Feb W
.'ii Feb 6
50 Feb 28
25 Jan 23
50 Jan 13
Mar 23 ,
»-eb 22 r-
Feb24
April 13
Aprii 5
April 22
Mar 22
Mar 8
April 10
Mar 8
Mar 6
April I
Feb 16
Mar 24
Mar 17
Maris
April 6
Mar 9
Mar 4
April 12
April 14
Mar 12
Mar 23
Mar 9
Mar 2
Mar-f
April 10
Mar 23
Feb 18
April 14
Mar 8
Mar 15
April 17
Feb 20
Mar 15
M»r25
MarlO
Mar 29
Mar 3
Feb 27
April 14
Mar 12
Mar 17
Mav3
April 22
Mav 14
April 12
April 5
May 3
Mar 31
Mar3t
Mayl
MarlS
April 16
Apr 7
April 2
April 26
Mar 29
Mar 25
May3
May :\
Mar 30
April 12
Mar 29
Mar 27
Mar 29
May 3
April 12
Mar 12
May 8
April 13
April 12
June 17
Mar 20
April 5
April 17
Mar 29
April 21
Mar 30
Mar IB
J F Lightner 43S California st
T E Jewell 507 Montgomery st
H Knapp Merchants' Ex
J M Rurflngton Merchants' Ex
W R Townsend 330 Pine st
Wm Stunrt 113 L>edesdorft st
T B Wingard 318 California s>t
G J Cole 302 Montg_omeiy st
R Wegener 414 California Bt
I T Milliken 302 Montgomery Bt
J p C -vallier 513 California st
Danl Buck U Stevenson B|dg
W A M Van Bokkeleo 419 Cal st
F J Hermann 41? .Kearny B.1
WE Dean
F J HermHnn
j M Buffington
B H Cornell
G R Spinney
S H Smith
L Leavitt
A Martin
H V Kibbe
A K Deubrow
J P Cavallier
L Hermann
W F Bryant
O S Healy
R H Brown
J F Cavallier
A Carrlgan
A A Enquist
T B Wingard
F R Bunker
T F Cronise
IT Mil liken
J M Buffington
F H Rogers
D A Jennings
J M. Buffington
419 California 6t
418 Kearny st
Merchants' Ex
210 Battery Bt
320 California st
Montgomery Av
401 California Bt
520 Washington Bt
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
51-1 California st
330 Pine Bt
402 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
402 Montgomery st
513 California st
109 Front st
71 NewMontg'y Bt
318 California st
606 Montgomery Bt
43S California st
302 Montgomery sb
Merchants' Ex
330 Pine st
401 California Bt
Merchants' Ex
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co. Location.
Andes S M Co
Baltimore Con" M Co
Bunker Hill Q M Co
Chicago Quicksilver S M Co
Electric M Co
Enterprise Cons M Co
Franklin M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Justice M Co
TiniicM&MCo
Virginia Cons M Oo
West Crown Point S M Co
Wonder G M Co
Oal
Cal
Washoe
Washoe
Utah.
Washoe
Cal
Secretary.
Called by Trustees
Called bv Trustees
Walter L Palmer
George A Lathrop
T B wingard
F J Hermann
Wm H Watson
Called by Trustees
Calle'l by Trustees
H O Miller
T B Wingard
J C Bollinger
J L Armstrong
Office in S. F.
507 Monlgomeryst
330 Montgomery st
19 First st
310 Kearny st
318 California sb
418 Kearny st
302 Montgomery st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
4HM California 6t
318 California at
302 Montgomery st
5i3 Sacramento st
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
Name of Go. Location. Secretary.
Meeting'.
Special
Special
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Date.
April 5
April 7
Mar 30
Mar 23
MarlS
Mar 15
Mar 29
April 8
MarlS
Mar 15
Mar 16
Mar 13
Mar 13
months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Payable.
Belchor M. Co.
Black Bear Quarlz
Chariot M AM Co
Consolidated Virginia M Oo
Cons Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Waahoe. H. C. Kibbe,
Cal Wl, Olirer
Cal Frank Swift
WaBhoe D T Bauley
Washoe Charles H Fish
Washoe C E Elliott
N. C. Fasset.
Nev WWTraylcr
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California at
4.9 California at
401 California st
401 California sb
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California st
409 California st
Amount.
. 3 00
25
40
3 P0
10 00
2 00
1 00
Jan 11
Feb 19
Nov 16
Fehll
Mar 11
Jan 12
Jan . 25
Mar 5
Mara
The White Pine jVhos of the 6th inst. con-
tains the following Mineral City items: We
learn from Fred Hilp, Esq., that the mill of
the Watson company is running finely, and
tbat the new concentrators are working beyond
the expectations of the company. The mill is
rurjning on old tailings with complete success.
Judge Walsh, Superintendent of the Canton
company's property, will start up the fur-
naces about the 6th of the present month.
Owing to the satisfactory manner that the Su-
perintendent has handled the property of this
company, they propose to back him in all his
undertakings, and- make times lively in Min-
eral City the coming summer.
The Eureka Sentinel states that the Eureka
Consolidated company has a splendid body of
high grade ore near the northwesterly end of
the Champion mine. Four years ago it was
supposed that this part of Ruby hill had been
worked out; but it appears now that effective
work was all that was required to bring new
bodies of ore into sight.
The work of repairing tae break in the little
tunnel through White's Hill, on the line of the
Marin narrow gauge railroad was completed
last week.
Over 100,000 cords of wood, awaiting ship-
ment to Virginia City and Gold Hill, are piled
up in the vicinity of Empire city. Nut-pine
wood is being shipped from the same locality
at the rate of about 400 cords per month. It
can be laid down in Virginia city by the car
load for about $15 per cord.
The Blue Gravel mining company at Sucker
Flat, in a late clean-up, realized from §130,000
I to $140,000,
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk's Office at San Fran-
cisco:
El Dorado Quicksilver M. Co. March 8.— Loca.
tion: Agra Mining District, El Dorado county. Direc-
tors— S. B. Martin, Julius Bandman, D. 1:. McKillican,
3. A.. Lane and Jacoh Greenbaiim. Capital stock, $10,-
OOn.OOO, in 100,000 shares.
Carolina Miking Co. March 9. Lecation: Washoe.
Capital stock, $7,800,000. Directors— A. C. Taylor, O,
R. Johnson, H, S. Wheeler, O. A. Larkey and P. F.
Mowhardt.
Fort Miller Grwel M. Co. March 9. Location:
Fresno county, Oal. Oapital stock, S2, 600,000. Direc-
tors—Warren Bryant, P. J. Galpin, W. K. Doherty.T.
O. Carter and J. T. Earnest.
Red MorjNTAra Qricksdlver M. Co. March 9. Lo-
cation: Stanislaus and Santa Clara Counties, Gal. Cap-
ital stock, $6,000,000. Directors, W. G. Hughes. Win.
Muir, J. W. Bost, J. W. Laird and S. P. Sampson.
San Joaquin and Fresno Water Co. Mar. 10 — Ob-
ject: The construction and maintenance of a canal
and other works, to divert 30,000 inches, more or lesB,
of the running waters flowing into the San Joaquin
river, at and near a point in said river deBignatid by
a claim of said waters made by Warren Bryant, T. O.
Carter and others, on or about the 10th day of February,
1875, as by the notice of such claim, duly made and
recorded, will fully appear; and ulso to make use of
said waters for the purposes of agriculture, transporta-
tion and mining, and all other purposes incident to or
connected with any of said purposes, and to carry and
convey the waters in and through the counties of
i'resno, Merced, Stanislaus, San Joaquin and Contra
Costa, from said point of diversion, in, upon and along
the lands where the main conduit of said waters claim-
ed and diverted may be made to reach, by means of
branch or Bide conduitB of any kind hereafter con-
structed or laid down, and connected with said main
cendult; also to lease, sell anp convey rights to use
said waters so diverted, for any of the purposes named.
Trustees— Wrrren Bryant, P. G. Galpin, W. H. Dough,
erty, T. O. Carter and J. T. Ernest. Oapital stock.
$10,000,000, divided into 100,000 shares.
Mining Stocks.
After a depression of several weeks the stock
market has again commenced to show some
signs of activity. On Monday, on receiving
news of a strike in Opbir, the whole line of the
Comstocks went up. It has been expected for
some time that as soon as a strike was made it
would enliven the whole market. Outsiders
were looking with some degree of certainty to
a "deal" in Idaho and Ely stocks. Ina cer-
tain measure their expectations have been real-
ized, as Baymond & Ely and some other of the
Pioche stocks have experienced a considerable
rise. The Idaho stocks, however, remain as
of yore. Golden Chariot has had an assess-
ment levied on it, and if the usual tactics of
the ring having this line of stocks in tow are
carried out, the whole list will shortly have an
assessment on them. The idea is now that
some of these mines are looking better than
they should for the interests^of the manipula-
tors, and they want to assess them down out
of sight and then buy them up. If these tactics
are curried out, in about two months people
will have a chance to invest in Idaho stocks at
high prices, for the ring will run them up if
they buy them in cheap. However, forewarned
is forearmed. What is to be done in the Ely
stocks is as yet uncertain, but most people pre-
dict a rise.
Of the Ophir strike the Enterprise says:
'In the Ophir the drift from the bottom of
the north winze had last evening been extended
twelve feet, all the way in a mass of chloride
and sulphuret ores of the richest description.
This development is of great importance in
many respects, and is therefore attracting much
attention. Although they are as yet into the
new body but twelve feet, there are certain in-
dications which make it the best strike yet
made in the mine. First, the dip is to the
east; and, second, there is water in the ore.
The trouble was in the bodies of ore found
above that they were all too dry. Rich as they
were there was a lack of moisture about them
that made old miners distrust their perma-
nency. The new bodyful611s all of the condi-
tions. It is as rich as could be desired1 dips
in the right direction and is wet, The fact of
there being water in the ore on the 1600-ft level
shows that no drift, crosscut, or other opening
yet made on the 1700ft level has passed into
or through the same streak of rock. It is quite
certain that this body of ore. will be found on
the 1700-ft level, and at no distant day. The
finding of this body in no way interferes with
or lessens the prospects in other parts of the
mine.
A thing to be noted, too, is the " making to
the north" of all the ore-bodies found in the
Ophir. In all we have ever had to say of the
mine, this peculiarity of the ore-bodies has
always been prominent, From the first strik-
ing of ore in the mine up to the present day,
this making to the north has been the main
feature. What it portends we know not; but
every body of oi e found in the mine has been
richer and stronger on the north side. The
same is the case with the body just being
opened on the 1600-foot level. It appears to
be and in the opinion of Superintendent Curtis
is, but the tail end of a very heavy body of ore
lying off to the north, the head of which he
thinks is somewhere in the Mexican. This is
comfort to the holders of Mexican. There is
more comfort for them in the fact of all bodies
of ore yet found in the Ophir being decicfedly
strongest on the north Bide."
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Thursday, March i.
MORNING SESSION.
25 Andes -. ... 1H
35 Aloha 1«*
lb American Flat... \^®\%
365 Baltimore 6&<§(7
100 Bacon 4
42.5 Bullion 29@30
365 Best & Belcher.. 47. ""
620 Beloher 3 ti
20 Confidence _„
3145 California 56@60
25 Caledonia VK&IS
20 Chollar 60
170 Crown Point 27J^@28
75 Con Virginia 442^445
700 Globe .l@l^
215 Gould * Curry... 18@1BM
!0 Hale A Norcrosa. 43043'^
185 Imperial 1%@1%
25 Justice 7©8U
170 Julia. 5@5J6
115 Jacket ■..75@75^
345 Kossuth 3H
65 Kentuck U.'^'N',,
75 Knickerbocker 4
650 Lady Bryan , '*'
50 Lady Washington
100 Mint 55c
590 Mexican 23=1'
20 New York 205;.
320 Occidental... 33$@37b
805 Ophir 8J#@83
160 Overman 47)6
200 Phil Sheridan l-\,
30 Segregated Belcher... 85
75 Succor Vi@\%
95 Savage U8@120
250 Tyler 62.^ o
3W Uuonso1idated..73i@?%
1310 Woodville $%
AFTERNOON SESSION.
480 Belmont 6&@7
50 Chariot Mill I
400 Cosmopolitan..- 55c@60c
305 Eureka Con 15J6@16
1200 El Dorado North 25
50 Eureka Grass Valley ..3
10O Empire \ 2W
510 Golden Chariot.. ..5@5*
15IdaEllmore 3«
430 Mahogany 10J6@ll
500 Meadow Valley 6#
50 Mansfield 1%
300 Niagara 80c
70U Original Flowery. ...3>i
45 Raymond & Ely44?4(3>4S!*
1055 Rye Patch 3tf@3«
100 Spring Valley Water. 100
.... h 30 8
335 South Chariot 2
815 Poorman 4?u
350 Welle Fargo 45c
50 Washington & Creole .40
140 Warisagle 3%
This Week.
Thursday, March 11.
morning beision.
416 Alpha 18@18>tf
1320 Best &. Belcher. 5&®5g}f
475 Belcher 35(3)36
425 Chollar 61>£@63
195 O.G. Hill 3tf
185 Cod Virginia. ..452,S@46u
2100 California 65M67
825 Crown Point 32@3S
150 Confidence 20
75 Daney \ii
65 Exchequer 200@205
70 Empire Mill 6%
1610 Gould A Curry... 20@21M
565 Hale A. NororoBS...5U@£2
1110 Imperial 7%@8
15 Justice 84085
230 Ken tuck I45i®15
1440 Lady Bryan 8M@9Vi
1590 Mexican 31@32
1530 Ophir Il0.«dl6
420 Overman S6@57,'j>
5 Seg Belcher W
565 Sierra Nevada... 13^@I4
200 Succor AX
325 Savage 140<£l45
1295 Union Con *"""
Yellow Jacket..
AFTERNOON SESBION.
230 American Flag....25tf@S
55D Baltimore 5^@6
510 ....do 7@7>jj
I'll Chief of Hill '-i
100 Cherry Creek 1%
400 Caledonia. . . . 18!--i@18?i
25 El Dorado South.... 1>4
•205 Eureka G. V 7
420 Empire I 'i^@i%
•HQ Gtflden Chariot.. ..4@4Jfi
660 Glohe i;.-ii<rj
50 Ida Ellmore SJ-3
510 Julia iX@5
325 Knickerbocker bSU
030 Meadow Valley.... VAm
275 Mansfield AG
75 M Belmont 1
300 Mahogany 9@9"t
95 Newark V,i
450 Prussian 2!s@24fc
205 Pioche 5J4@5«
450 Raymond & Ely 40
335 Kye Patch BHISM
270 South Chariot... IH®1*»
,50 Silver Cord 2«
260 War Eagle...
March 13, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
165
Mining summary.
Thf. following is mostly condensed from journals puli-
liahed in Ibe mUrior.m proumitr to th« mines man 1 1 on »•! .
California.
CALAVERAS COUNTY
Champion Miss. — Wkst Point. — Oalaverae
OitUen, March 6: During the past week sink-
ing has been vigorously prosecuted, developing
a third vein running parallel to the uorih and
sooth lode, and a quality of ore equally as good
an either of tbo oiber two. Practical miners
claim that tbis, bo f*r, is one of the richest
mines in the State. The rook has never paid
lets than $100 to the ton, and as high as $500,
(he rock now oat being placed nt the latter
figure. If the mine holds good along tbe
north and south vein, as indicated by surface
prospecting, properly opened, it could be made
to yield from fifty to sixty tonB per day,
and, taking an average of* the rock already
crushed, it can readily be seen what a valuable
piece of property Messrs. Husking and Hadley
have came into possession of. With proper
machinery, aod tbe niiue thoroughly opened,
it could be made the mu-t productive ledge in
California.
COLUSA COUNTY
A Singolab Ledge. — Colusa Sua, March 6:
There has been a company at work on tbe
ledge mar Fonts' Springs, heretofore noticed
by us as containing a kind of white metal sup-
posed to be tin, and which assays both gold
and silver, and they have in ruuniug tbe tunnel
found almost everything. They have good
prospects ot cinnabar, have found several small
veins of coal; aud the other day they came on
a large deposit of shale, so rich in oil that th-y
were enabled to get twenty gallons of oil from
a t iu of it, aud the shale burns as well as coal.
The ledge is well defined for miles, and is about
one hundred and fifty feet wide, and a very
large percentage of the entire mass is metal of
some kind. Gold, silver, copper, tin, iron,
lead, quicksilver, cost and coal oil have been
found in it so far, and tbe company are no a
hunting for something else! The tunnel b*-ing
run will strike the ledge abont one hundred and
fifty feet below the surface, and the last we
beard from it, they were within about twenty
feet of tbe ledge.
CONTRA COSTA.
Minin'o Items. — Contra Costa Gazette, Mar. 6:
Tbe work of the quicksilver mining company
near Clayton, is being prosecuted with much
euergy and method. The furnace was put to
test fur smelling, and was found to require
some alteration; but the yield from the ore is
quite satisfactory, though only that of the low-
est grade was smelted. The prospects are so
fair that the company will erect another far-
nace, and make further preparation for extend-
ing their operations.
The company, composed of Charles P. Marsh.
Sheriff Morse, and other Oaklanders, who
lately /purchased the old Lyman Hastings
ranch, have done some service prospecting, and
proposo shortly to engage in testing their
ground systematically. Many mining experts
and capitalists have visited the district recent-
ly, and there is likely to be considerable ex-
ploration there for quicksilver this season.
Messrs. Hatch & Co., the present owners of
the Hueston ranch, north ofj the Telegraph
road, are running a tunnel which at 1,000 feet
is expected to etfike the coal vein, which has
heretofore been somewhat extensively pros-
pected at or near the outcrop. The tucnel is
now in 400 feet. Messrs. Lux & Milter, who
have purchased the Grover ranch, further down
the creek, and adjoining the property of Hatch
& Co., are alBo intending to run a tunnel for
the coal vein.
INYO.
Panamint Disteiot. — Panamint News, Mar.
6: Prospectors who have come iu within the
last few days bring with them exceedingly rich
rock from all sections — east, west, north and
south. They are highly elated, and say that
the country hasn't been prospected at all yet.
Most all that have been out heretofore seemed
to be looking for the high-stained ore, and
have passed entirely over the best kinds of
free-milling ore. They are jnst beginning to
find out where the best ores are, so they say.
The ores we have now are certainly high grade
enough to satisfy almost anybody, and if this
thing keeps on we advise our dealers in that
line to send for more lumber, and our mer-
chants to hurry along more grub.
Concentrators. — The Hendy concentrators
for the Jacob's mill, Panamint, have arrived.
They have been placed in position, the pans
set, and the mill is ready to startup. Six of
these concentrators have also arrived for the
upper or twenty-stamp mill of the company,
and will be set in operation as soon as the mill
is ready to cruBh the ore.
LAKE COUNTY.
Quicksilver Shipments. — The Free Press
says that the Great Western and Sulphur Banks
mines, both in Lake county, shipped, via Cal-
iBtoga, on the 25th February, 302 flasks of
quicksilver, valued at $40,000, the product of
one week's run.
Another Furnace. — The See. of March 4th
says: The California Borax Company intend
putting up immediately another furnace at the
Sulphur Banks Quicksilver mine. The new
furnace will be of the Knox & Osborne pattern,
of thirty-ton 'capacity, with sixteen condensers
of the largest size.
NEVADA COUNTY.
New York Hilx..- -Foothill Tidings, March
7: New York Hill is faBt gaining position
among onr paying mines. Since September
last, 315 loads of rock J therefrom have been
worked at th? L-irirner mill, which produces
something over $28,000, or an average of $90
per load. Each month's run has exceeded the
previous one in the average value of the rock
and when the mine is opened so as to work
a reasonable force thereon something weighty
in the way of gold bars may be expected.
SIERRA COUNTY.
Nkw Hill. — Mt. Missmger, Maroh 6; The
Oro Q M. Company have made all arrange-
ments for erecting a ten-stamp mill to work
their ore. The surveys for water have been
made and plans for the mill about oompleted.
Tbe water will be taken out of the South Fork,
aud conveyed by flume through a tunnel to mil)
sight at the lowor end of Durgan Flat. It will
have a fall of twenty-five feet, which will be
ample for the center- discharge wheel they pro-
pose to put in. Work will be commenced in a
short time.
SONOMA.
Rich Strike. — Sonoma Democrat, Mar. 6:
A rich deposit of cinnabar has been found next
to the Salphur Banks, similar in character to
that being worked at the above-mentioned
mine. The ground has been located by Jake
Gear, the discoverer, Robert Oliver, J. H.
Jimeson and Geo. Marshall. Mr. A. Miller
has located the first extension west, on south
side of the road leading from Lower Lake.
Tne prospect in this claim is unusually flatter-
ing, and there is considerable excitement in
the neighborhood. Two miles west of this, in
Mclntyre's canon, T. F. Hayter, Jake Gear and
others have made locations. The prospeot is
sume as next to Sulphur Banks.
Pine Mining District. — Sonoma Democrat,
Feb. 27: The recent mineral discoveri* be-
tween Forrestville and Russian river have led
to the formation of a new mining district,
bounded as follows: Commencing at John
Bone's place, thence running west to Dutch
Bill creek, thence down Dutch Bill creek to
Russian river, up Russian river to the mouth
uf Green Valley creek, up said creek to the
township line, thence south to the place of be-
ginning. Mr. James S'ooe, a resident of Red-
wood township, is running a tunnel on a claim
located by him at the bead of Duval creek.
Some of the rock was seutto San Francisco for
assay, and the returns showed $50 gold and $6
si her. Some rock from tbe same claim made
a bundsome return in quicksilver. Mr. Stone
calls his mine the Monntain View. The out-
crop was discovered near tbe top of the moun-
tain, and the tunnel now being run is on the
Bide of the hill below, and will strike the ledge
at a considerable depth. Mr. H. Ludolph, re-
sidiug in this district, is also working a claim
which promises a handsome return. There
will be great activity in prospecting through-
out the county the present season, nnd we
look for the development of rich mines in both
gold and silver. Quicksilver is already among
our most valuable exports.
TUOLUMNE
Gem G. & S. M. Co. — Stockton Independent,
Mar. 4: The mine of this company is located
in Tuolumne county, and the prinipal place of
business is in this city. The mine is situated
two and a half miles northwest of Columbia,
on the Pandola road, leading from Gold
Springs to Vallecito. The shaft is 118 feet
deep; the north drift 32 feet; and the south
drift 20 feet. There are 275 tons of ore on the
dump, from which two assays have been made
—one of §132.43, and the other $136.36. Forty
feet beluw the shaft is a stream of water suffi-
cient to run a twenty-stamp mill. A wheel has
been erected, with a pump attached, which
will pump the mine dry in one and one-half
hours. A drum h;;s also been placed in posi-
tion at the main shaft which is calculated to
raise seven hundred pounds or rock at a time.
In developing the mine the sum of five thou-
sand dollars has been expended.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Caledonia.— Gold Hill News, March 4: The
repairs to the shaft and machinery are about
completed, preparatory to commencing the
sinking of the main incline in good earnest. A
road has been surveyed from the railroad to the
site of the intended new shaft of the company.
Tbis shaft will be located at the west side of
Gold canyon, nearly on a north and south line
with the new Overman shaft, about 1,500 feet
south of it and nearly 2,000 feet east of the
present hoisting works. The grad.ng for the
site has already been commenced, and the
most of the maohinery is already manufactured
at the foundries in San Francisco, ready for
shipment. These works will be furnished with
hois ing and pumping machinery of the most
powerful and approved description, capable of
sinking the shaft to the depth of 4,000 feet or
more. The shaft will be complete in all its ap-
pointments, and is calculated to cut the ledge
at a depth of 3, 500 feet from the surface.
Ophib. — Daily yield, 150 tons of ore. The
ore slopes and breasts on both the 1300 and
1465 fc levels, are looking well and yielding
the usual amount of good ore. The north
winze is down to the 1600-ft level the entire
distance in splendid ore. At that point the
sinking bus been discontinued pending the put-
ting in of station sets at both the 1500 and
1600-ft levels, preparatory to starting drifts
west at those points to connect with corre-
sponding drifts from.the 1500 and 1600-ft sta-
tions in the shaft. Tneae drifts are very im-
portant workings, as they will in a great meas-
ure determine the width and churacter of the
ore body ut those points, and perhaps set at
rest all doubts or cavil in regard to the extent
of the paying body of ore in a downward direc-
tion. The ore developments already made at
tbe IGOO-ft level are acknowledged to be
the deepest yet made on the Comstock, being
123 feet deeper than the winze sunk below the
1550ft level of the Consolidated Virginia.
Consolidated Virginia. — Daily yield 450
tons of ore, keeping the mills steadily running.
The ore breasts are all looking splendidly,
as usual. But little ore has been taken from
the 1550-ft level during the past week, owing to
inability to hoist through the Gould &, Curry
Bhaft. On the 1500-ft level the ore slopes nre
being gradually extended north of cross-cut
No. I, along the east wall of the ledge, tbe ore
still continuing cf the same rich character.
The 1300, 1400 and 1500-ft levels are all being
rapidly conneoted at available points by air
winzes, which greatly facilitate the extraction
of the ores on these levels. The yield of bul-
lion for the present month up to last evening,
was $7G3,980.77. The mines never looked
more prosperous or promised richer future re-
sults than it does at present.
Lady Bryan. — The body of ore struck in the
southeast cross-cat and the Bonth drift on the
80-lt level, still continues to the southward,
and is of a very fine and promising character.
This ore body basbeeD penetroted by the cross-
cut east a distance of 34 fee', and by the south
drift a distance of 22 feet, and is of a very even
and encouraging character. An average of tbe
thirty-five assays gave $168 29 per ton. The
assays show an average value of about one-
third gold to two-thirds silver. On the 250-ft
level the west cross-cut has penetrated the ore
vein a distance of 40 feet, but has not yet
reached the point at which it is expected to
find the ore body struck on the level above,
California.— The north drift of the 1550-ft
level is being steadily extended northward at
the rate of 25 feet per week, the face of the
drift still in ore of the richest possible charac-
ter. On the 1500-ft level the north drift from
oross cut No 1 has reached the line of cross-
cut No. 2, and a drift has been started back
west to meet and connect with cross-cut No. 2.
The ore in the west drift and also of cross-cut
No. 2 is of a very rich character. The face of
cross-cut No. 3 on this level continues in ore of
a good quality. The face of cross-cut No. 4 on
tbe 1500-ft level is in 70 feet from the starting
point, and is in ore assaying from $20 to $30
per too. The south drift from tbe east wioze,
now* being suuk from the 1400 to the 1500-ft
levels, is still in fine ore. Sinking this winze
is also making fair headway, the bottom still
in good ore.
Sierra Nevada. — The rock in the bottom of
tbe new shaft is much firmer than heretofore,
and admits of better headway in sinking than
for some time post. The flow of water does
not in the least impede progress. The pros-
pecting drifts south from the old Sierra Neva-
da tunnel are also being driven ahead with all
the vigor possible, to reach and determine the
character of the ore vein further to tbe south-
ward than it has yet been prospected on that
level.
Knickerbocker.— The west cross-cuts, on
both the 600 and 700-ft levels, have Btruck the
east clay wall of the ledge, so that it caonot
now be long before the ore vein will be reached
on those levels. The new pumping machinery
has arrived at the mine, and is being placed in
position.
Belcher — Tbe ore breasts are yielding the
usual amount of milling ore. There is little or
no change in any of the ore producing sections
during the past week. Sinking the three pros-
pecting winzes below the 1400-ft level still goes
vigorously on, the bottom of t-acb. still in ore.
Niagara. — The main incline is down 150 feet
in depth, and is well timbered throughout. It
is being sunk directly on the ore body, which is
looking finely, and promises a good develop-
ment for the future.
Senator. — Both main drifts, north and south,
are making excellent progress. The south
drift, which gives tbe most favorable assays, is
now in 55 feet, and, being in the most favorable
looking formation of the eastern Comstock, bids
fair from the present showing to soon run into
good paying ore.
Best and Belcher. — The south drift, from
the double incline winze on the 1700-ft level, is'
still pushed ahead,. following the east clay wall
of the ledge. Wherever the east clay wall has
been cut, it looks very favorable for future ore
developments.
Bullion. — Driving the south drift on the 800-
ft level is making floe progress. CrosB-cutting
this portion may yet develop some good ore
deposits.
Baltimore Consolidated. — Erecting the new
pumping machinery is making steady beadway.
Prospecting the 750 and 850-ft levels still con-
tinues without abatement, and witb some very
favorable indications of future ore develop-
ments.
Mexican. — The north drift on tbe 1465-ft
level of the Ophir is showing a steady improve-
ment as the work advances.
Original Gold Hill. — The face of the raise
above the 340-ft level, 350 feet south of the
shaft, was run six or seven feet into the red ore
described in last week's report, and, finding
that it was evidently a large and permanent
body, assaying high figures, the superintendent
thought best to get after it in a more practical
and efficient manner, as this prospecting raise
was in wet ground liable to cave, and noways
advantageous to work through. A drift is now
being run from the track floor level of the main
south drift, to run under where this ore body
is found, and no doubt directly into it. It will
be reached very shortly, when a valuable de-
velopment may be looked for.
Troy Consolidated. — The new steam hoist-
ing machinery, including an engine (125 horse
power), ia on the way from San Francisco, and
will arrive here on Saturday next.
Kossuth. — Sinking the main shaft is making
steady progress, the bottom in hard blasting
rock. It is now down 450 ft. It in the inten-
tion to open another station at tbe 500-ft level.
Justice. — Tne prospecting operations on tbe
lower levels are still being pushed ahead with
all the vigor possible, the evidences of finding
a paying mine becoming more favorable every
day.
Phil. Sheridan. — Main west drift going
ahead lively, running at present in soft ledge
matter, with occasional seams of red quartz
from three to six inches wide. These seams or
" feeders" assay lightly in gold and are very
liable to lead into something good before loDg.
Crown Polnt. — Daily yield, 400 tons of ore.
Tbe ore breasts show but little change dnring
the week. The main east drift on the 1600-ft
level to cut and prospect the ore vein at that
point, ib making steady progress without ch ange
of interest to report.
Europa. — Tbe face of the east drift or croBs-
cut from the bottom of the winze, 115 feel be-
low tbe adit level, shows stringers of very
favorable looking quartz carrying metal, and
from present indications, as well as what is
already known by developments above, tbe
ledge is only a few feet distant.
Wells-Fabgo. — The newBteam hoisting ma-
chinery which started up ten days since, is now
being run day and night, three shifts of miners
being employed in sinking the shaft.
Gould & Curry. — Rapid progress is being
made with the enlarging of the main shaft be-
low tbe seventh station level.
Imperial-Empire. — Sinking the main incline
below the 2000-ft level is making good head-
way. Driving the main south drift on tbe
2000-ft level is also making good progress.
Julia.— The face of the main south drift on
the 1000-ft level is still in vein matter of a very
encouraging character.
Overman. — Steady headway is being made
draining the water from the shaft. Arrange-
ments are being rapidly completed for the
erection of a more powerful pump for draining
tbe water.
American Flat. — Prospecting the 750 and
800-ft levels is progressing well, witb some very
favorable indications of ore developments
ahead.
South Comstock. — The new steam hoisting
works went into full working operation day
before yesterday, and sinking the shaft is re-
sumed under the most favorable auspices.
Silver Hill.— The face of the south drift at
the third station level is still in red quartz
of a promising character.
LeviATHAM. — The new hoisting works ma-
chinery has been started up and is getting into
full operation to-day .
Colorado.
CLEAR CREEK COUNTY.
Saco. — About 300 feet of the second pocket
have been uncovered in this mine.
Polar Star. — This mine has been sold at
satisfactory prices.
Brooklyn. — The Georgetown Miner says
that this mine is rapidly looming into notice,
not only as an ore producer, but as a pro-
ducer of rich ore. It is now being worked by
a tunnel or adit on tbe vein, just above timber
line, which has been driven a distauce of two
hundred feet, reaching a depth of one hundred
feet from the surface. The mineral streak
varies from one inch to twelve inches, and the
ore runs uniformly rich, mill runs giving five
hundred and eighty ounces silver per ton for
first-class, and two hundp-ed and forty-two
ounces for second-class, or a coin value re-
spectively of $754 and $314 60.
The Fred Rodgers. — Tbis popular mine is,
we learn from the Miner, being successfully
worked. < The ore is divided into three classes
— first, second and third. The third-class
usually runs from 150 to 200 ounces silver per
ton, the second-class from 200 to 300 and 400
ounces, while the first-class includes all above
that, up to and into several mill runs, above
1,500 ounces.
Colorado Central.— A highly interesting
fact has been developed in the workings on the
ground of the Colorado central, west of the dis-
covery shaft. Here may be seen the phenom-
enon of a vein of obsidian, volcanio glass,
three feet wide, crossing this great ore chan-
nel. Tbe obsidian cuts off the vein matter at
its crossing with mathematical precision. The
ground on that portion of the mine, No. 5,
owned by the Marshall silver mining company
is now in royal pay. Six different companies
who are leasing ground on No. 5, are taking
out high grade milling ore in paying quantities
and we learn that portions of the ground on
the Colorado central is in good pay also.
The O K — O K is one of the remarkable ore
channels of Leavenworth mountain. The ore
mined out of tbis lode has frequently yielded
by mill run from 500 to 800 ounces in silver
per ton, or a coin value of $600 to $1,040 per
ton. The total production of this mine has
been estimated from $33,000 to $40,000. So
says a correspondent of the Miner.
Saco. — The records of this mine show that
the total products since its discovery, two
years and six months since, has been
$134,175. The highest mill run of ore taken
from this mine, was $2,900, coin value per
ton.
166
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 13, 1875
P©pik^ Lectins.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Sixth Iiecture Delivered before the University of Cal-
ifornia College of Agriculture, on Tuesday, January
26th, by Pkof. C. E. Besbey.
[From Pacific Rural Press.]
The Cone Bearing Plants and the Oak Family.
The cone bearing plants, Coniferce form a
small order of about 350 species, . All are
woody, varying in size from trailing shrubs to
the largest trees on the globe. A balsamic fra-
grance pervades the family and this is often as-
sociated with valuable medicinal properties.
In their distribution, they extend throughout
all parts of the temperate and colder climates;
occurring also to some extent in the tropics,
upon mountain sides. They are of great eco-
nomic importance, furnishing not only the
most important woods for lumber, but also
fuel, medicines, materials used in the arts and
for the people in certain limited districts a con-
siderable amount of food. In the northern
hemisphere, the genus Pinus seems to be the
predominant one in this order and in every
country of this half of the globe, one or more
species seem to be particularly adapted to meet
the wants of civilized man. Of these, we can
notice but a few.
The Scotch Fir, Pinws sylvestris, is found in
Europe and northern Asia, forming large for-
ests. It is very largely used for building pur-
poses. The one referred to in English books
takes the place of, or corresponds to the Red-
wood of California.
Whit6 Pine, Pinus sfrobus, is a tall, large
tree found growing throughout the northern
United States. Its wood is white and it readily
works into valuable lumber. It is very largely
used, almost to the exclusion of other woods.
Sugar Pine, P. Lambertiana, is an enormous,
tree of the Paoific slope, attaining sometimes
the hight of 300 feet, with a diameter of 20 feet.
It is very similar to trio White Pine of the East,
but has a smaller cone. The wood is exten-
sively introduced into our markets.
Yellow Pine, P, palustris, of the southwes-
ern United States, has a dense, heavy wood
that almost sinks in water and is full of resin.
From the wood of thiB tree, by burning it with
a close, smothering heat, tar is obtained. Pitch
is the evaporated tar. Turpentine is a fluid
obtained by making rude incisions in the bark
of the tree, from which it flows. It is compos-
ed of a volatile oil and a resin. When heat is
applied, the oil is driven .off into a receptacle
and is known as the oil of turpentine, while
the residue is the well known resin, or rosin,
of commerce. Another variety of Yellow Pine,
P. ponderosa, as also the Western Balsam Fir,
Abies Orandis; Menzie's Spruce, A. Memiesii;
Thuja giganiea and California White Cedar,
ZibrocedrUs decurrens, are all of more or less
value.
Douglas Spruce, Abies Douglasii, of the
Rocky mountains and Sierra Nevada region; in
some localities is incorrectly called White Pine.
It is a large tree, of great bight but slender
stem, and its wood is largely used for
planking, also for railroad ties, for which pur-
pose its great durability admirably fits it.
From it very good lumber is obtained, but not
the very best. It lasts well, especially that
taken from high regions. The tree has a pe-
culiar cone.
The Redwood of the Pacifio slope, Sequoia
sempervirens. A large tree, sometimes attain-
ing a hight of 300 feet with a diameter of 15
feet. It' has small cones; from one to two
inches long, and short leaves which have
somewhat the appearance of those of Abies.
This wood, (Redwood) is the one used more
largely in housebuilding. The receipts of this
lumber in San Francisco, in 1874, amounting
to about 87,000,000 feet, were fully two-thirds
of the whole. Spruce fir, Abies excelsa, a fine
tree, growing to the hight of 100 to 150 feet
in its European home. From it white deal
lumber is made; from its resinons juice, Bur-
gundy pitoh is made and its branches are boiled
to aid in the manufacture of spruce beer.
Balsam Fir, Abies Balsamea, a naiive of
North Amerioa, is a fine tree of small size. It
produces a turpentine known as Canada bal-
sam, used in mounting microscopic objects.
The European Larch, Larix Buropea; is, in
England and Europe generally, a valuable tim-
ber tree. From its juice is obtained Venice
turpentine. This tree is also grown for orna-
mental purposes. Cupressus; valuable trees,
known as Cedars. Their wood is very
durable and is largely used in the man-
manufacture of various domestic uten-
sils, as well as for posts, piles, etc. Some of
this species are used for ornamental purposes
among which may be mentioned the Monterey
oypress.
The Junipers and Red Cedars, Juniperus, are
valuable for their durable wood. From J. Tir-
ginianus and J. Bermudiana, leadpenoil sheaths
are made. Their berries are of some medio
inal value.
The Yew, Taxus baccata, a large tree of Eu-
rope, is noted for the great durability of its
wood, specimens having been found In the ru-
ins of Nineveh. Pinus Pinaster, P. Larico and
P. Maritima, all of Europe, are used on the
coast of Ireland and Normandy for fixing the
sand3. All are more or less ornamental. This
is the case with 'Pinus, Abies, Gedrus, Cupressus,
Thuja, Taxus and Salisburia. Of remarkable
trees, there are the Sequoia gigantea, the giant
Redwood; the Norfolk Island Pine, Araucaria
excelsa, a specimen of which can be seen in the
yard of the San Francisco postoffice, but which
is not hardy here; and the Maiden Hair tree,
balisburia adiantifolia, the leaves bf which are
especially peculiar.
The Oak Family,
Cupulifercs; numbers 330 species, of which 280
are members of the genus Quercus; is mostly
confined to the northern hemisphere. For
timber this order ranks next to the Coniferce,
Fig I.
Live Osik— Quercus viren S— reduced one-half,
the Oaks occupying a place second only to that
filled by the Pines and Firs.
British oak Quercus sessiliflora and Q. pedun-
culata. These are extensively used for ship
building in England; especially the first, whos6
wood is very tough, .heavy and durable. The
bark is muoh used in tanning and somewhat in
Fig. m.
sibly of another species is used somewhat for
ship-building and it is said to give good satisfac
tion. •
The Evergreen species in California are very
variable, and much confusion still exists as to
their specific limits.
The American Beech, Fagus ferruginea, is
common east of the Mississippi valley. Its
wood is heavy and dense and is much used for
planes and other carpenters' tools. It is not
found on this coast.
Castanea vesca, the Chestnut, furnishes a val-
uable lumber for cabinet work, it being light
and nearly white. It is also used for inside
finishing in houses. Its fruits are well known.
The fruit of the European Chestnut is larger and
better than than that of the American variety.
A species of this variety grows in California.
The Filbert, Gorylus avellana grows in Europe.
It is a shrub much like the Hazel of America
to whiflh it is very nearly related. Its fruits are
he filberts of commerce. The Oak galls so
largely used in inks and dyes, are produced on
an oak (Q. ivfectoria) growing in Western Asia.
These galls are produced by the punctures of a
species of Oynips or gall-fly which makes these
wounds in preparing a receptacle for its eggs.
Kg. n.
"White Oak— Quercus Alba — reduced one-half.
TanbarkOak, Quercus densiflora, (See Fig. 31,
is coming considerably into use aod is found
when properly prepared to be very tough and
durable, and to be admirably adapted to use in
the manufacture of agricultural implements.
Fig. IT.
HrVIUJOU
Tan Bark Oak — Quercus denBiflora— natural Bize.
the manufacture of dyes. It wtould be an ex-
periment worthy of trial to import from England
a quantity of acorns1 of the first species, as in
all probability the tree might be
Very Profitably Grown Here.
Quercus virens, the Live Oak of the southeast-
ern Atlantic States, (See Fig. 1), is very valu-
able also as ship timber. It should be intro-
duced.
The White Oak, Quercus alba, is in the United
States east of the Mountains, one of the most
valuable of hardwood trees. Its timber when
protected from the changes in moisture is very
durable and that grown on, particular soils ex-
ceedingly tough. (See Fig. 2).
Quercus JTinsii, a relative of the last is one of
the most common of the deciduous oaks in
central California. Its wood is not of great
value being too brittle.
Quercus agrifolia is the common evergreen
species and abounds in Oakland and vicinity.
The wood is said to be rather brittle and not
well ^adapted to use where toughness and
strength are required. A form of this or pos-
Canyon Oak — Quercus Chrysolepis — natural size.
The Canon Oak,' Quercus chrysolepis, is said by
those who are familiar with the tree to be al-
most equal to the Live Oak of the East for ship-
building, (Fig. 4). This species is found grow-
ing in the deep canons of our mountains.
Captain Bichaeds shipped on the 30th inst.,
from Battle mountain, five car loads of copper
ore from the English companys.mine in Copper
canon, near Galena. The ore from the mine is
shipped direct from San Francisco to
Liverpool.
Watee for mining purposes is getting very
scarce, says the Nevada Transcript, and unless
we get a " heap" more rain, times will be ex-
ceedingly dull. The miners are making the
most of what water they have, but it will not
last a great while longer.
The yield of gold from placers and quartz in
Montana, in 1871, is placed at $2,360,170, divi-
ded as follows: Placers, $1,864,170; quartz,
$496,170.
Two large new boilers have been received at
the hoisting works of the Consolidated Virginia
mining company, and will at once be set. up.
Shall the Productions of the Soil be
fHAI Patented.
The press— especially the agricultural por-
tion of it — have given some space of late to the
disoussion of .the merits •of a bill now before
Congress, which, in its design and provisions
make the productions of the soil patentable.
The bill "provides that every resident of any
State or Territory of the United- States, who
has been or shall be the originator of or discov-
erer of any new and valuable fruit or plant,
being a new variety of any grain, vegetable,
vine, herb, root, tree, wood, plant, shrub or
flower, or the ' seeds, roots, scions, bulbs,
oers, ey es or cuttings thereof, and which shall
not have been sold or publicly offered for sale,
shall have the sole right and liberty of growing,
propagating and selling such plant for the term
of seventeen years.
Those who are, or profess to be, especially
concerned for the rights of the agriculturist and
horticulturist, declare that they cannot see why
a man who produces an improvement in these
departments should not posess the same right
in them that are granted to mechanics and
others. But, putting in this claim, is, to say the
least, hardly oportune at the present time, when
farmers are making a special effort to restrict
patents, if not to ignore them altogether. But
we do not really believe that the classeB for
whose interests this bill is supposed to provide
desire its passage. In the first place, they
would not derive any direct benefit from such
patents, for suoh improvements do not origin-
ate with these classes; It is to the enthusiasts
in these matters, isolated individuals, retired but
ardent worshipers at the shrines of agricul
ture and horticulture, that we trace the improve-
ments in fruits, grains, flowers, etc. The ama-
teurs who were dependent upon commerce and
the trades and professions, or who were inde-
pendent of all these oallings, have produced
most of our improved varieties of grain, fruits,
flowers, etc.
The originator of the oelebrated Goodrich
potato, was Dr, Goodrich, physician to the N.
Y. State Lunatio Asylum. The grounds of the
asylum afforded a good field for his experiment-
al operations, and he found reoreationfrom his
arduous professional labors in the efforts which
resulted in this celebrated Beedling, wbioh has
been as widely known as any potato that has
ever been produced.
We could mention many cases of a similar
character, but will merely refer the reader to
the brief sketches of new varieties of grain,
vegetables, fruits and flowers, wbioh, in a large
proportion of cases that inform us they were or.
iginated by some physician, clergyman, or re-
tired merchant or capitalist.
So if there is any royalty to be paid for these
improvements it will come out of the pockets
of the farmers instead of going into them ; and
there is a probability that a monopoly will thus '
be built up, more obnoxious to the agricultural
classes than any now existing. The producer
and the consumer will alike be taxed to sustain
a new and powerful order of middlemen. It
is safe to predict that it will be new in every
respect; for if money is to be the incentive to
experiments in this field of invention, we may
expect to Bee the enthusiastio, unselfish men to
whom we have hitherto been indebted, Blacken
their labors, and their plaoes supplied by an
entirely different class of men. They have
not, as a general thing, sought peouniary re-
ward; as a class they have been remarkable for
their modesty and disinterestedness. Still they
have not, bj any means, lived lives of self sac-
rifice. The man who is, through a long course
of years, employing his leisure hours in per-
fecting some seedling, grain, fruit or flower, is
no more an object of commiseration or reward
than is the trout fisher on the bank of some
favorite stream. In mechanical inventions and
scientific research great sacrifices of time and
money are generally made before anything sub-
stantial is gained; but nothing of the kind is
required in securing such improvements as this
biil would make patentable.
Even though justice and the interests of ag-
riculture and horticulture required the proposed
protection by patents, is it practicable? If a
Tarm6r buys at a high figure a potato or an ear of
oorn of some new and expensive variety, will
he not dispose of the increase from these as he
thinks proper? Can he dictate to the purohaser
thereof whether he shall eat all the potatoes, or
plant a portion of them, and the same with the
corn? And the surplus scions and runners
wbioh we remove from off our trees and vines;
sjiall we be allowed to give them to friends and
neighbors? It will be rather hard if we are de-
nied this privilege; but without this restriction
a patent on fruit would be of little avail; for a
very large portion of the inorease of choice
fruit is brought about in this way; and the same
rule applies largely to plain agricultural pro-
ducts. These patents are, it seems, to be good
for seventeen years; but we apprehtnd it would
require a larger increase of office holders to
manage this thing seventeen months, even,
than the country would submit to.
We have as yet heard nothing said in con-
nection with live stock; but the sacrifices are
greater in producing a clearly defined, valuable
breed of cattle and horses, Bheep or fowls, than
any of the products referred to above; while
the benefits wbich the country receives from
the former are quite as tangible and perma-
nent, and common justice would grant the
Btock breeders a patent as readily as it would
to the originator of a variety of grain or fruit.
But in tracing out the proprietary rights of tbe
cattle or poultry breeder, what a fearfully 1)6-
wildering series of cases of mistaken identity
present themselves to the imagination!
March 13, 1875,]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
167
Qooo HE^LTH-
Dangers of Pork Eating— Wow
Trichina Kill.
the
We condense the following from the Health
Rf former:
When taken into the stomach tbe trichina is
invested by a capsnle. The fibrous capsule is
very soon dissolved away by the gastric juices
tbns setting at liberty the partly matured worm,
which grows very rapidly, attaining its full size
in about two days, being then many times
larger than when first taken into tbe Btowach.
when its length is only about one twenty-fifth
of an inch. In about a week eaoh worm given
birth to about 1,000 youog, according to Leuck-
art, which immediately begin to penetrate the
m noons lining of the stomach and intestines.
This gives rise to violent purging and vomiting,
but to little effect for the relief of tbe patient,
for the worms are already secure in the walls of
the intestines. In a very short time they find
their way into all tbe muscles of the body,
when tbe most painful symptoms occur. The
patient lingers along for a few days, perhaps
weeks, in the most distressing suffering, finally
dying from exhaustion, or from suffocation
caused by the great number of parasites infest-
ing the muscles of respiration audthus prevent-
ing their action.
In less than two weeks after eating an ounce
of infected meat a person might have in his
intestines hundreds of millions of these rapa-
oions animals, whose ravages no remedy can
stay. Imagine the agony which a person must
suffer, while this numberless horde of micro-
scopic serpents are boring through the wall of
his alimentary canal. The rapidity with which
the body becomes filled wiih these loath-
some creatures is most astonishing. Professor
Dalton found 208.0U0 to the cubic inch in the
muscles of a boy who died on the twentieth day
after being attacked with the disease. When
a person has been once poisoned he c*m never
become free from the parasite. Death is bis most
proboble end; but some survive after many
months of suffering worse than death. In these
cases the worm becomes incaBed in a calcareous
sbeath, which procesB takes place in from one
to two years. Here they may live for an indefi-
nite period, probably as loDg as the patient.
Virchow mentions a case in which they were
found alive in a cancer removed from a woman
twenty-four years after they were received into
her system.
Its Prevalence in Swine.
The trichina is found in cats, rats, mice, and
various other animals, as well as in the hog,
and it is probable that they are introduced into
the latter by eating tbe dead bodies of the first
mentioned animal. It seems to be the general
belief that the disease is of rare occurrence in
hogs, and need excite no apprehension. Vari-
ous facts disprove this supposition, however.
It should be remembered that tbe flesh of an
infected animal may be apparently healthy to
an unassisted eye for the trichina are micro-
scopic objects, often being no more than one-
seventy-third of an inch in length and one nine
hundred and sixtieth of an inch in diameter.
Careful observations have been conducted by
scientific men to ascertain the frequency of the
disease by examination of the dead carcases
sent to market. A committee of the Chicago
Aoademy of Sciences reported in the Medical
News and Library of June, 1866, that in 1394
hogs examined in different packing houses and
butcher shops of the city they found an aver-
age of one in fifty affected with trichina. A
gentleman in Louisville reported, as the result
of extensive observations, that he found an
average of one trichinons hog in every ten ex-
amined.
hrequency of the Disease in Man.
Until reoently there has been no conception
of the frequency of this disease. It is now
positively known that many cases of supposed
typhoid fever are really the results of trichina
poisoning. Professor Janeway, Demonstrator of
Anatomy at Bellvue Hospital, asserts that ob-
servations in the dissecting room had convinced
him that the disease was of great frequency,
not being discovered until revealed by post-
mortem examination, the patient being treated
for some other supposed affection. He found
three cases thus affected in the short space of
one month; and it is probable that the majority
go undetected.
Trichinosis may simulate numerous diseases.
In the first stages it would readily be mistaken
for diarrhea, dysentery, or peritonitis. The
latter stages as closely resemble rheumatism
and typhoid fever. The patient often dies in
coma, the oauBe of whioh would be likely to be
attributed to almost any cause but the real
one.
Many unmistakable cases of the disease have
occurred within the last ten years since public
attention has been called to it. A physician
last winter attended eight cases of the disease
in a single family in Malcolm, Iowa. Several
members of the family died in a few weeks.
The remainder of the family survived but only
to continue suffering. None of them have re-
gained their health.
In Helstadt, Prussia, one hundred and three
persons were poisoned by eating Bausage at a
public dinner. A large number of them died
in a short time, twenty within a month.
In Germany 360 persons were attacked with
the disease at one time. Large numbers of
them perished miserably. Those who survived
were doomed to carry about in their flesh, dur- 1
ing the remainder of their miserable life,
myriads of loathsome worms encased in cal-
careous envelopes which sometimes forms
around them, preventing their irriteting action
on tbe human system, and tuns rendering the
life of the patient possible, somctimt'd for many
years after the first attack.
Whooping Cough.— No known means will
arrest the disease unless it be tha means recom-
mended and practiced by the oelebrated Brown-
Seqnard, which consists in keeping tbe patient
insensible with poisonous doseB of belladonna
for several days in succession. If the patient
does not die it is barely possible that he may
escape the disease upon recovery from the
effects of the poison. The oanse of the disease
is a poison which pervades the system. Recov-
ery takes place when it is all eleruinated and
not before. Nurse the patient well, avoid ex-
posure to sudden ohanges of temperature, bnt
keep the air of the sick room. pure as possible
by ventilation. Give nourishing food, and ad-
minister a warm bath every oth*r day.
Use^Ul I^qf^jion.
A Few Hints to Foremen.
To manage a gang of men properly is a mat-
ter that requires a more thorough knowledge
of human nature than falls to the lot of thou-
sands of foremen. There are hundreds of
foremen wbo imagine that a great deal of noise,
bluster and profanity is necessary to secure the
performance of the greatest amount of honest
labor. This is a grievous error.
If any one will take notice of a gang of men
whose foremen is sour, cross and surly, and
whose mouth is always full of oaths on the
slightest provocation, either fancied or real, jit
will be seen that the men care little for what
they are doing. They always keep at least one
eye on the "boss," and as soon as his "back it
turned" they commence to "soldier" at once.
If he leaves them for a while, they are not anx-
ious to make a good showing on his return, for
they are sure of a season of abuse, however
faithful they may have been in his absence.
There is nothing to encourage them to extra ex-
ertions, and all they care about is to get along as
easily as possible until pay-day.
Honest, skillful workmen are not likely to
stay with such a man any longer than they are
obliged to, and such foremen can seldom keep
other than a gang of reckless, third-rate work-
men together. They are continually in trouble ;
but little work is done, and? that in a slovenly
manner. Usually this kind of men manage
tbeir work without any Bystem or regularity.
The men get in each other's way; they get each
other's tools; they take hold of things at the
wrong end; everything is hurry and confusion,
and the foreman imagines that because he has
made a great deal of noise and the men have
exerted themselves tremendously he has ac-
complished wonders, while in reality he has
done but little.
At times a dozen men are set to perform
what might easily be done by half that number,
at other times a half dozen men are expected
to do what would require the united efforts of
twice that number. These foremen do not
know how much a man can or ought to do.
They go to work on a job headlong, without
exercising any forethought or judgment, aDd
the latter is seldom possessed by the class of
men in question. These men have a very high
opinion of their ability, when the fact is they
are a positive injury to any person who may be
so unfortunate as to employ them.
If a foreman is of a kind disposition, pos-
sessed of a cool head and good judgment, with
a friendly feeling existing between himself and
the men under his charge, they need no urging
in cases of emergency. A cool-headed man is
usually possessed of good judgment, and knows
how to place men so that they can work to
good advantage. Every move counts, and
work is rapidly performed without any seem-
ing hurry, whereas the snarly, quick-tempered
man will worry and fret both himself and every
one around him and accomplish but little.
Good nature is indispensable to the successful
management of workmen, but it should be ac-
companied with sufficient firmness and decision
to prevent any undue liberties on the part of
the workmen.
In the machine shop, the foremen who has
the last-mentioned qualifications will have
everything shipshape. Every workman knows
what would displease the "boss," and takes
especial pains to have everything in good order.
He does his work in tbe best manner, both for
the praise he expects to receive from bis fore-
man and the interest he feels iu the welfare of
his employers.
When a workman knows that faithful, hon-
est labor is appreciated,, he is not slow to take
a lively interest in the work in hand, and it is
of great importance that individuals or corpor-
ations employ no foremen who are continually
at war with the men under their charge.— E. M.
Gazette.
A Fbench chemist claims to have discovered
a means of extracting moisture directly from
the air for the irrigation of land in dry seasons,
thus rendering tbe agriculturist independent
of rain or irrigation by canals. By the appli-
cation of chloride of calcium to fields, meadows,
roads, and sandhills, the land is, made to ab-
sorb abundant moisture for three days.
Forging Tools.
A correspondent of the Scientific .-ImerioaM,
who has evidently had much experience in
forging tools, writes to that paper as follows:
"My experience has been that no amount of
skill and care in hardening and tempering can
make a right down good tool of one not judi-
ciously forged. In forging bring the steel to
a mellow heat, and keep it so until you have
your tool forged to shape. As tbe heat declines
to black hot, compact your steel by light ham-
mering on the face of the tool, but do not ham-
mer the tool odgewise. Now if the tool is ready
to harden, when it is heated it will swell so as to
loosen up the compacting that was done by
light hammering as it was cooling off. So it
follows that whatever will harden the steel at
the least heat will do it the best.
I use strong cold brine, and want it near the
fire, so as to utilize all the heat in the tool. As
soon as the tool is cool I dip it in oil (sperm or
whale oil preferred). Now hold the tool over
a well burnt-down fire, without tbe wind on.
Hold the tool so as to retain as much of the oil
on it as possible. Now tip it up slightly so as
to make the oil flow from over the hottest part
to tbe edge. The oil becomes a carrier of
heat, and will help to let down the temper
(exactly alike every time) from any thick part
to a delicate outtiug edge. I think the color
that comes on the steel under hot oil can be
depended upon much more with than without
oil, although it (the color) will be a little tardy.
In letting down the temper I want to do it
slow enough at last, bo that I can lay down the
tool to oool off, and not have to dip again. But
if it is going too low, I invtrt It, and dip the
body part and leave the edge out. There are
very few tools in which I like to leave beat
enough in the body to let down tbe temper
with, for this reason: as I grind back on the
tool, the cutting edge is apt to get a little far-
ther from the outside film of refined steel.
This film is harder than the steel under it, so I
would leave the tool slightly harder a little
way back from the end; whereas, if you run
out heat enough from the body of the tool you
will very soon be at work with a tool altogether
too soft.
Treatment of Tin Scraps.
In the manufacture of tinware it is said six
per cent of the whole of the plates employed
disappear in the form of .scraps. The enor-
mous trade in sardine boxes produced in
Nantes, in 1869, nearly 400 tons of scraps;
Birmingham produces some 20 tons per week,
and Paris 50 to 60 tons per month. A small
quantity of these scraps has always been used
in various ways, such as the addition of a small
quantity to the pig iron intended for steam
cylinders; another small portion was treated
by concentrated sulphuric acid, or a solution
of caustic potash, but no one treated tin scrap
on a large scale until a short time since. The
subject has been treated by M. Kuenzel, in the
Bergund Uttannanigche ZeUung, and an abstract
of his paper is given in Iron. The mode em
ployed comprises four chief operations: 1—
Treatment of the scraps by means of boiling
in water acidulated with hydrochloric and ni-
tric acid, until all the tin is dissolved. 2 — Pre-
cipitation by means of zinc of the tin con
tained in the above solution and washing of the
precipitate. 3— Solution of the precipitated
solution in hydrochloric acid and crystalliza-
tion of the chloride of tin. 4 — Utilization of
the iron scraps when despoiled of the tin.
Stupid Newspapeb Kepohts. — Ignorance
about the most common operations of different
trades does not appear to be confined only to
many of our own newspaper editors and con
tributors, but Germany and France lately gave
a striking illustration of it in an absurd report
which was going the rounds of the papers there,
and finally iound its way into a French paper
published in New York. It stated that Borne
mischievious Frenchman had painted the four
large cast-iron lions, supporting the Waterloo
mounment in Brunswick, Germany, orange by
means of red lead, and that they could not get
tbe paint off, but had to paint them over again
With black. We supposed that almost every
one knew that it is very common to paint iron,
especially when rusting is feared, first with red
lead ground in oil, this being a protection al-
most as good as galvanizing, while at the same
time it causes the subsequent black paint to
adhere better and dry quicker. There was evi-
dently no mischief in the operation, it being the
regular method employed by the painter who
had undertaken the job, and who understood
his business perfectly well.
Domestic EcopopY.
New Wat op Cutting Veneeb. — S. C. Car-
penter and Dr. M. E. Williams, of Green Bay,
Wis., have constructed a novel and successful
machine for cutting veneer. There is a ma-
chine for cuttiDg veneering from round blockB,
but it is quite different from this. In that,
machine the knife is parallel with the log, and
in some kinds of wood the beauty ot the grain
is lost, while with the knife Bet at an angle it is
preserved, and this is the merit of the new ma-
chine, which has a conical-shaped cutter like a
pencil sharpener, and commedces cutting at
the end ol tbe log, the log feeding into the
knife or tbe knife to the log on a lathe, the
Teneering coming off in the shape of a scroll.
The machine cuts the veneering one twenty-
fourth of an inch thick, and the log would
therefore cut about 24,000 feet.
Humbug Food.
A oarefnl observer will not accuse us of ex-
aggeration when we say that thousands, yes,
millions of people are daily attempting to supl
ply the alimentary wants of their bodies with
compounds which are the veriest humbugs ex-
tent. Very earnest and just protests are raised
against the many lottery swindles and num-
erous other deceptive operations constantly
being brought to light; but the majority of us
daily allow ourselves to be "taken in " by the
savory but innntritious and unwholesome mix-
tures which modern cooks furnish us. A mul-
titude of shrewd farmers, merchants, lawyers,
and even doctors, who pride themselves upon
their tact and cleverness, are unwittingly
cheated several times a day by theirdear wives,
although we should in justice say that the lat'-
ter are in total ignorance of the perpetration
of any offense. And yet, although a matter
which is so intimately related to life and
health as is food and drink is of vastly greater
moment than mere material or pecuniary af-
fairs a protest against these wholesale dietetic
swindles is seldom heard.
The common terms, " rich " and " poor," as
applied to food, are excellent illustrations of
the ignorance of the popular mind respecting
the real dietetic value of articles of food.
Thus we hear, and sometimes ourselves speak,
of rich pies, rich cakes, etc; and we talk of
poor food and low diet, including in the latter
classes articles which are deficient in those ele-
ments which would give them rank in tbe olass
of " rich food " if present. In our estimation
the terms rich and poor should be applied to
articles of diet in exactly the reverse of their
present application. If the word " rich " has
any proper significance as relating to food, it
should certainly be applied to suoh articles as
contain the materials requisite for the main-
tenance of the body in tbe largest proportion,
and in the most available condition. This
would require us to denominate as "rioh,"
such articles as Graham bread, oatmeal pud-
ding, and similar delicacies, while the appel-
lation of "poor" should be applied to pies
polluted with lard and spices, oake made indi-
gestible with soda, butter, and a profusion of
sweets, and all articles of like charcter. So,
too, would we be obliged to term " poor" tbe
numerous "fried" dishes which figure so
largely in the popular bills of fare. But poor-
est of all is the diet of the man who allows
himself to believe that in taking a glass of
"bouillon" he is taking a "long drink and a
square meal at the same time, " as the flaming
placards in the saloons assert.— Health Refor-
mer*
Bbown Bbead. — The sweetest bread ever
made. — Take three pints of coarse yellow corn
meal, scald it with three pints and a half of
boiling water, add two pints of coarse rye meal
after the corn has cooled. Knead thoroughly
with the hands. Take it out into a stoneware
crock which is a 'little larger at the top. The
quantity here given will take a vessel which
holds five or six quarts. Place it immediately
in the oven, after smoothing over the top with
a spoon frequently dipped in cold water.
Cover with a stone or iron plate, and have but
little heat in the oven. It should take three
hours to begin to bake, then bake slowly four
hours. I^eave the loaf in until the oven cools
off, if it is several hours longer. It should be
dark-colored, light and firm, with a good soft
crust. A round-bottomed iron kettle will do to
bake in. Try it.
Split Pea Soup. — Put one pint of split peas,
which have been previously soaked in cold
water four hours, into two quarts of pure soft
water. Let them boil for one hour, then add
one carrot, one parsnip, one turnip, two on-
ions, a small head of celery and a little mint,
all cut small, and boil another hour. Strain the
soup from the vegetables, and thicken it with
a little Indian meal, previously mixed in cold
water; boil the whole for ten minutes more,
and serve in a tureen with toasted or plain
wheat meal bread. Mix the vegetables well,
and put them into a mould or basin, and then
into a vegetable dish, and serve with steamed
or baked potatos. Salt moderately.
Apple Bread. — Weigh one pound of fresh,
juioy apples, peel, core, and stew them to a
pulp, being careful to use a porcelain kettle or
a Btone jar, placed inside an ordinary saucepan
of boiling water; otherwise the fruit will be-
come discolored; mix thepulp with two pounds
of tbe best flower; put iu the same quantity
of yeast yon would use for common bread, and
as much water as will make it a fine, smooth
dough; put into an iron pan and place in a
warm place to rise, and let it remain for twelve
hours at least. Form it into long-shaped
loaves, and bake in a quick oven.
Baked Custabbs. — One pint of oream; four
eggs; cinnamon; almond-flavor, and three
ounces of sugar. Boil the cream with a piece
of cinnamon; pour it into a basin, and when
oold add the eggs, well beaten and strained,
tbe sugar powdered, and a few drops of
almond-flavor. Bake in small cups, in a cool
Stbing Beans should be strung, broken in
pieces, and boiled an hour or two, and seasoned
the same as shelled beans.
168
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 13, 1875
W. E. EWER SENIOE EDITOB.
OEWEY ««fc CO., ^Publishers.
A, t. DEWEY, 0=0. H. STRONG
W. B. EWEE, "*0' *" BOONE
Office, No. 324 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising Kates:
Sttbbcbd?tionb payable in advanoe — For one year, $4 ;
»ix 'months, $2.25;'three months, (1.25, Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at Ortr risk
Advertising Rates. — 1 week. 1' month. 8 monUis, 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $-2.U0 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
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Large advertisements at iavorahle rates. Special of
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
inserted at special rateB.
ssaii Franoiaoo;
Saturday Morning. March 13, 1875
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS. — Hydraulic Mining
in CaliforDia; "Wilcox's Improved Steam Pump; Sew-
ing Machines, 161. Straw Burning Engines: Among
the Foundries and Machine Shops; Hydraulic Min-
ing at Gold Run — The Blue Lead Ancient River
Channel, 168. Orchard Oriole; Important Mining
Suit Decision, 169-
IXiLUSTRATIONS.— Hydraulic Mining in Califor-
nia; W. 0. 'Wilcox's Patent Steam Pump, 161.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom, 166. Orchard
Oriole, 169-
CORRESPONDENCE. — Reveille Mining District;
Mammoth District, Nevada, 162-
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— Action of Zinc
on Boilers; Steel Rails; Aluminium Utensils; Iron
and Steel Tires; Iron Furniture; Gunpowder Experi-
ments, 163-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Ancient Aqueducts;
The Freezing Point; Death of a Scientist; Medal
Award; An Interesting Solution; A New Light;
Encbe'e Comet; A Match Under the Microscope;
Pyrometer; Obtaining Oxygen, 163.
USEFUL INFORMATION. — Forging TooIb;
Treatment of Tin Scraps; Stupid Newspaper Re-
ports; New Way of Cutting Veneer; A Few Hints to
Foremen, 163-
GOOD HEALTH.— Dangers of Pork Eating— How
the Trichina Kill, 167.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Humbug Food; Brown
Bread; Split Pea Soup; Apple Bread; Baked Custards,
167.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock
Market for the Week, 168.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California and Nevada, 168-9-
MISCELLANEOUS.— Disposing of Fewer Gas; A
Wire Tramway for Mt. Diablo; Pacific Coa st Woods;
Shall the Productions of the Soil be Patented, 166*
Straw Burning Engines.
Messrs. Treadwell & Co. have recently re-
ceived a Hoadley threshing engine, with a
number of new improvements, suggested by
the necessities of field work in this State.
Among tbe improvements are the cut-off gov-
ernor, which consists of an arrangement of
mechanism so attached to the shaft as to move
the eccentric to a different angle with the crauk
by a change of speed, the centrifugal motion
overcoming the tension of a pair of springs,
and these springs in turn acting to give tbe
centripedal force. The fire grate consists of
hollow tubes, which are eoupled with another
set of vertical tubes, standing iu front of the
flues, and these tubes are connected with the
water space, so that the fire is bounded on two
sides by this * 'grillage," as it is called, and
enough more steam is made to supply all the
waste of the steam blower.
This engine has been adapted to burn straw,
and a partial test of the invention was made in
front of Messrs. Treadwell & Co's on Saturday
last.
The most satisfactory testa were, however,
made before the engine was sent from Hoad-
ley's works, and consisted of two trials of four
or five hours each, with an ascertained load.
During these teBts the engine, which is rated at
15-horse power, showed a maximum of 24.-
horse power and a total average of IB-horse
power. Indicator cards were taken from
time to time which were more than usually
fine. Steam was got up by simply igniting the
straw with a match, and no difficulty was ex-
perienced in keeping steam up to a high pres-
sure during the entire run. These already
popular engines will be rendered more effective
than ever for the coming season's work.
Lectures on Geology.— J. W. Taylor, of
Utica, N. Y. (formerly Curator of the State
Cabinet of Natural History and Geology at
Albiny), is to give a course of four lectures at
the hall of the Academy of Sciences, in this
city. "We are not able at present to state the
time of the delivery of these lectures, further
than that they take place within a few days.
Mr. Taylor has agoodrepu'ation as a geologist
and lecturer.
The St. John quicksilver mine, Solano
county, yielded 225 flasks of quicksilver dur-
ing the month of February. The force of
workmen has lately been increased, and the
product will soon be doubled.
New mineral discoveries are reported in Bear
valley, San Bernardino county, and prospec-
tors are flocking to that locality;
Among the Foundries and Machine
Shops.
Business at the machine shops of our city
continues unusually brisk. Contracts for new
work are constantly being made, and most of
the foundries are taxed to their utmost capacity
to fill their orders.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works.
At this establishment is in process of con-
struction a piece of mechanical skill which is
unusually interesting. We refer to the eleva-
tors, five in number, to be used in the Palace
Hotel. The elevators are strongly constructed
and capable of lifting one hundred persons
from the ground fioor to the upper seventh
story in thirty seconds. These elevators are
worked by hydraulic pressure.
The potter is obtained by two sets of en-
gines, 9%-inch cylinders, acting on two sets of
pumps, three to a set — which are arranged to
work either together or sepatateiy. These
pumps are four inches in diameter and two feet
stroke. They pump from a tank into an accu-
mulator, 22 inches iu diameter and 20 feet long,
the ram of which is loaded with a weight-box
containing about 100 tons of sand. This ram
is connected with the throttle-valves of the en-
gines, to that when the box or ram is at its
greatest height 'the steam will be shut off and
the engines stopped. The power is distributed
from the accumulator through 4-inch pipes
to each hoist, and immediately upon tbe use
of the water by the hoist or other machinery,
the ram descends and gives off its stored power.
The engines then commence to pump and re-
place the water taken out. All the wa'er used
is again sent back to the pump-tank and thus
the leakage and evaporation represent all the
water wasted. This wastage is so slight that a
very few gallons per day will be sufficient to
supply the loss. The whole machinery is so
arranged that an accumulated power of 175
horse-power is constantly stored up and may
be put in operation in a few seconds.
One peculiarity of this power is that it can
be distributed by means of pipes to almost any
reasonable distance. It is comparatively new
in this country but in England, where it was
first inaugurattd, six and eight miles of main
pipe, with numerous connections, have been
laid. There are three steel ropes attached to
each elevator either one of which is capable of
sustaining it alone if necessary. The plunger
of the accumulator is a rolled shaft of iron
weighing some twenty tons. The amount of
water in use will be about 1,000 gallons, but as
this is used over and over again there really is
not more than afew gallons expended in a day.
When we state that this system of power is ca-
pable of being used in mining operations some
idea may be had of the great value its appica-
tion may be to our State.
The application of this power in tbe Palaoe
Hotel is being carried on under the direction of
Mr. Joseph Moore and Mr. George W. Dickie,
of the Risdon Iron Works.
Miner's Foundry.
This establishment is crowded with work.
Among other things a locomotive is being con-
structed for the Walla Walla mill to be used in
hauling logs aud timber. A narrow-gauge
railroad has been built into the redwood forest
seven miles from the mill, and this engine will
be placed on it. A great deal of timber has
been lost in the Columbia river in times of
freshet by tbe breaking of booms and the con-
sequent escape of the logs to the sea. It is be-
lieved that the construction of railroads for the
transportation of logs will in many cases prove
economical and certainly much more conveni-
ent.
Golden Stale Foundry.
A number of new contracts have lately been
made by the proprietors of this foundry.
They are about completeing a lot of grading
oars for the Los Angeles and Independence
railroad. Saw mill work for a mill in Sonora,
Mexico, is being constructed. Battery work,
shafting and other mining machinery is in dif-
ferent stages of finish for the following mines:
Bunker Hill Quartz mine. Reddington Quick-
silver Co., Benton mine, Indian Queen mine,
Socrates Quick&ilver mine and the Justice
mine.
Occidental.
At this foundry a large amount of miscella-
neous work is being done. The whole force is
employed and new work coming in every day.
Fbom the Wheatland Free Press we learn
that a party of miners backed by San Francisco
capitalists, are actively engaged*in prospecting
for iron in the neighborhood of the Suspension
bridge. They have discovered detached bould-
ers bearing eighty-seven per cent of iron, and
are sanguine of success in finding the. lead to
which they belong.
Thebe is between thirty and forty inches of
water running out of the Sutro tunnel at pres-
ent. The Superintendent anticipates striking
a ledge within a short time.
The Gila mining company have purchased
the Reveille mill and mine in that district, and
will have th.6 former at work on the 10th in-
stant.
A Clean tjp of 97 tons of rock from tbe Crater
mine, Placer county, last week, yielded 250
ounces of gold.
Hydraulic Mining at Gold Run— The Blue
Lead Ancient River Channels.
Mr. W. A. Skidmore, of this city, has recently
made a visit to the hydraulic mines, at Gold
Run, Placer county, where some extensive
operations are 'being carried on. From him
we have obtained some interesting information
concerning the hydraulic mines on the Blue
Lead, which is embodied in the following:
The Mining districts of Gold Run and Dutch
Flat comprise nearly 2,000 acres of auriferous
gravel, situated on the line of the ancient river
popularly known as the Blue Lead. The
Central Pacific railroad crosses this channel
diagonally and forms the dividing line between
the two districts. From the window of the
cars the passing traveler looks with surprise
and wonder on the immense excavations on
either side, produced by tbe hydraulic opera-
tions of sixteen years; but fails to realize the
fact that the ground embraced within the
scope of his vision— about sight hundred acres
in extent — has contributed no less than ten
millions of dollars to the gold product of our
State, and that the most reasonable estimate
of the contents of the ground still in place,
based on the actual yield of the lower strata
now being mined, would not place the aurifer-
ous contents of these districts at l^ss than one
hundred millions, of dollars, requiring from
thirty to forty years for their exhaustion.
Neiiher can he conceive the vast enterprises
now in progress to open the bottom of these
districts by means of bed-rock tunnels run
with all the appliances of modern mechauical
skill and engineering.
Many theories have been advanced, with a
greater or less degree of plausibility to account
for the origin of these vast
Deposits of Gold Bearing Detritus.
Only on one point is there a general agree-
ment—that they were deposited by the action
of water. Each of the various theoties ad-
vanced are reasonable when applied to the par-
ticular locality which the writer describes, but
they do not admit of universal application. In
some cases there are uudoubted evidences of
channel action, indicating the existeLce at
some remote geological eia of a system of water
courses whose line of drainage was nearly two
thousand feet higher than that of the present
time. What, then, must have been the average
surface level? Certainly much higher than at
the present time. The grade of the ancient
river system was much greater than that of our
day. Carefully prepared data founded on sur-
veys shows it to have been from six to eight
feet to tbe mile. This is greater than that of
the swiftest rivers of Europe, as their grade
is rarely more than four or five feet to the
mile. It is aiso evident that a much larger
volume of water than that of the modern
watershed flowed in these ancient rivers. Huge
masses of rock were carried for great distances
and deposited finally at a point remote from
their first resting places. Ledges ot quartz
were broken and disintegrated, thereby releas-
ing their gold and concentrating it in the beds
of tbe ancient streams, whera it was destined
to remain for centuries, until again released —
his time by the artificial appliances of hydrau-
lic mining. Trees of great size and not differ-
ing greatly from the present species were torn
up by their roots and carried along the fierce
torrent, until meeting with some obstacle, they
lodged, and in the course of time became car-
bonized, or iu some instances petrified.
Everything points to the supposition that
these events occurred after some great climatic
change, and it is not unreasonable to suppose
that it was after the glacial period. The line
of drainage was not materially different in
direction to that of the present time, namely —
from north to south — but the ancient chancels
have been in most instances cut and broken
by the feeders of the modern streams, which
rising high in the Sierra pursue a direction
from east to west until they reach the principal
watercourses — in our time the Sacramento and
the San Joaquin rivers. But the
Ancient Channel System,
Which is closely and unmistakably marked on
the line of the Blue Lead from the volcanic
ranges of Plumas and Sierra counties to the
low hills on the borders of the great valleys,
was not the only line of drainage. In the
counties of Trinity and Klamatb we find a sys-
tem of drifts extending for miles, which had
ts ancient debouchure on the Pacific ocean.
This drift, which may be traced for over forty
miles, was of great depth, and seemed to have
filled pre-existing valleys, which are now occu-
pied by high ridges of auriferous gravel. This
system may possibly be traced to Oregon and
connected with the gravel beds on the high
mountains mentioned in a late number of the
Phess by a correspondent, who erroneously
supposedphe was at the head of the Blue Lead
system. The Blue Lead system of drainage
had its source of supply in Lassen and Plumes
counties, where its sources are covered with
mountains of superincumbent lava, whose flow
caused the change or modification of the drain-
age system of the pliocene era. These streams ,
like all modorn rivers had numerous affluents,
and the points of convergence are plainly indi-
cated, as at Dutch Flat, Placer county, and
Forest tfity, Sierra county.
An impression is common, particularly
among Eastern and English travelers who" visit
our mines, that the sections of the
Ancient River Beds
Situated in detached masses and patches, so high
above the present water courses, are the results
of volcanic upheaval. This is clearly erron-
eous, as it is manifest there has been no "change
of the plane of level of the old streams — as
they may be followed continuously on the same
grade for miles, except where interrupted and
broken off by the modern water courses, and
even here their continuation can be easily
traced across the streams. There seems to have
been no great eruptive disturbance since the
period which filled the ancient rivers. The
difficulty. is in connecting the various chan-
nels consistent with a system of drainage,
and this would exist with respect to our
modern streams if they were submerged by
masses of lava. Thus, if we look at a map
of the State, and imagine this state of things,
we can see that the Sacramento and San
Joaquin rivers would appear as one and the
same stream.
The so-called
Blue Lead
Is an ancient river bed filled with gold-bearing
gravel in alternate strata varying in color,
thickness and hardness. The material is
principally composed of pebbles and boulders
of quartz, slata and greenstone, reduced by the
action of attrition to rounded or oval shapes,
and frequently strongly cemented by iron and
silica held in solution in the waters of the an-
cient streams, alternated with strata of pipe
clay and sand which are generally non-pro-
ductive. Tbe gold occurs iu minute particles
throughout the superincumbent dirt and gravel,
and in coarse particles in the lower or blue lead
stratum, while on the slate bed-rock it is some-
times found in nuggets, weighing fioni afew
grains to an ounce or more— the latter beitgof
j are occurrence. Where the bed-rock was
soft the gold has penetrated it to the depth of a
few inches, and this matter is taken out and
reduced in the stamp mills. The finer gold,
or that portion of it which is visible to the.
naked eye, is usually in flat or "scale" form;
the coarser pieces are always water washed and
rounded, presenting no angular surface. TheBe
latter are occasionally found in "nests" or ag-
gregations, lying behind some boulder which
formed an obstruction in the channel, at the
termination of an eddy, or in a crevice of bfd-
rock. This mode of occurrence is not un-
common in Go'd Ron and Dutch Flat districts
where the bed-rock has been exposed The
surface dirt is always the least productive and
the botto m stratum the richest. The various
layers between these constitute the averags
• 'hydramlic dirt" of the district, as the lower
stratum being strongly cemented is run
through stamp mills, and the gold saved by
amalgamation in battery and the use of sluice
boxes. The system of hydraulic mining is so
fully described in tbe able articles of Mr.
Waldeyer, now being published in your col-
uras, that it will not be necessary to ailude to it
here
The Infinite Divisibility of the Gold
Existing in these accumulations of detritus can
only be appreciated by comparison with some
familiar standard of size, weight and value. If
we take our tmallest gold coin — the gold dollar
— weighing 25.8 grains, and out it into two
hundred paris of equal size, we should have
two hundred specks or " colors," each weigh-
ing thirteen one hundredihs of a grain, of
the value of one-half a cent each. Now let us
imagine thirty of these colors diffused through
a cubic yard of gravel or dirt— that is to say
through 120 miner's pans, for a pan contains
about 400 cubic inches, and 120 pans may be
estimated as a cubic yard for purposes of com-
parison. It will be seen that if we. obtain one
color to four pans (assuming that we detained
all the colors), this would amount to but fifteen
cents to the cubic yard— a ratio much higher
than the known product of hydraulio mining in
these districts for the past sixteen years of their
history and development. And yet so little is
known on this subject by interested parties,
that at a meeting of the London stockholders
of a prominent claim iu Gold Bun District,
when the statement was made that a prospect
bad been obtained of the lower or Blue Lead
stratum of the company's ground, which showed
two dollars a pan, (a statement which the writer
has verified), one of the directors gravely in-
formed the stockholders that even two dollars
per cubic yard was considered good hydraulic
dirt.
In Gold Run District
The depth of auriferous gravel from grass roots
to bed rock wa3 originally from 240 t » 300 feet,
and of this scarcely more than 100 feet haB
been removed. The width of the pay between
rim and rim is about 1,000 feet. This dead
river, as it maybe appropriately called, is at
this point 1,350 feet higher than the North
Fork of the American, which has broken
through it, leaving a section of tbe ancient
ohanntl exposed on the lower end of Gold Bun
District, where it is opened by the tunnel of
the Indiana Hill Cement Company. The river
at this point had a gradual north by south
course, and may be traced northward for mwny
miles, being cut by the eroding influence of the
modern streams. The grade was about fiix
feet to the mile.
During the first five years of hydraulio mining
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tfarch 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
169
n Gold Run District (1865 to 1870), the aver-
ige yield per cubic yard whs not more than five
jents. This average would probably be in-
jreased to ten cents if we should take the pro-
ioct for ten years (1865 to 1875), as the ratio
f gold increases with oach successive bench
removed. What it will be five years from
iow it would be hazardous to conjecture, in
riew of the recent determination of the rich
haracter of the bottom of tnis channel as de-
veloped by the workings of the Indiana Hill
Cement mining company and the prospect shaft
bf the Gold Bun Hydraulic mining company of
London.
{ In the neighboring district of Dutch Flat, the
average jield of the upp'r strata has bien
komcwlmt greater. An estimate of the cubical
contents of the upper stratum of a tract of
twenty acres washed to a depth of seventy feet,
large profits to the fortunate owners in Eng-
land.
The last named tunnel is also a branch of the
main adit of the Miner's ditch company, work
is proceeding rapidly— 142 feet having been
made in Februitry. The Gold Ran hydraulic
company of London is in char^ of Mr. J. A.
Stone as manager or superintendent. In the
selection of mining superintendents for their
hydraulic operations in California, our English
cousins have exereised remarkable judgment,
and in no instance have had occasion to regret
their choice. All their local managers, like
Mr. Stone, are practical miners, familiar with
thii branch of miniug and generally old resi-
dents of the distriot in which their property is
situated. Some of our Eastern quartz compa-
nies might profit by the example, instead of
sending dry goods clerks to take charge of
showed a yield of six and threo-quarter cents i <tmirl/ mines
per cubio yard. In this case accurate acoounts To the travelCr there are no points of greater
(were kept of the gold product. The average
.yield is increased from year to year as the
tower and richer strata are run off. And yet,
rilh the seemingly slight yield noted above,
hydraulic mining has been a remunerative bus-
iness in these two districts.
[ At the extreme south end of Gold Run dis-
[pict is situated the ground of the
Indiana Hill
- Cement Mill and Mining Co. Standing on the
bed-rock at the mouth of their tunnel and look-
ing southward across the great canon of the
North Fork of the American river which has
' here eroded a gorge two miles in width and
half a mile in depth, we can discern the contin-
1 nation of the Blue Lead, oa the same level, on
I the mountains forming the north dope of the
[North Fork, where it is extensively worked at
. 60 wa Hill. The breakage of ihe channel at
I this point enabled the Cement company to at-
tack their ground parallel to the drainage line,
t instead of by means of a rim rock tunnel run
at right angles. A tunnel has been run "up
stream," and breasts of 150 feet iu width are
[peine opened toward the west rim. The sys-
tem nere pursued is known us
Drift Mining.
I I The cement constituting the bottom stratum
|ls Uken out to a height of four feet from bed
1 rock and run through an eight-slamp buttery.
(From 50 to 80 car-loads of the dimensions of
[twenty cubic feet are run through every twenty-
pour hours, the amount depending on the cbar-
; actor of the dirt, wbi<'h varies iu hardness from
i month to month. The record of this company
' [or the past three years, dating from the pur-
sbase of their ground has been unprecedented
I in the annals of tbis class of mining, and has
i lemons t rated the immense richness of the bot-
tom of this portion of the Blue Lead. The
\ records of the company show an average yield
I of $5. 7b" per onbic yard. This is exclusive of
1 in occasional rich prospect which does not en-
ter on the mill returns. During a recent visit
of Mr. Skidmore to the this ground, a washing
; of one bucket of dirt yielded $126 worth of
; gold. Last November about $1,000 was taken
I from three oar loads, and "pans" containing
from $20 to $50 are occasionally washed. The
owners are not capitalists but hard working
practical miners.
Immediately north of and adjacent to the
mill company's property we find the extensive
operations of the
Gold Run Ditch and Mining,
Locally known as the Miner's ditch company
(of Gold Ron), and of the Gold Run Hydraulic
{company (limited) of London. The first
inamed company, under the superintendence of
jMr. Jas. Gould, are running an immense bed-
rock tunnel through the east rim of the chan-
nel, for the purpose of reaching their claims,
and eventually of serving as an outlet to the
whole district. The starting point selected was
on Canon creek, a deep ravine emptying into
the North Fork. The objeotive point is an old
prospecting shaft, situated near the center of
the district, known as the "49-50" shaft. The
main tunnel is 8x8x8 teet in dimensions, and
will be 2,000 feet in length. Eight hundred
feet of this had been completed on February
15th, and two branches had been run to open
ground in the vicinity, pending the completion
of the main adit. One of these branches,
nearly as large as the main tunnel in dimen-
sion, had been run 1,300 feet, and the "raise"
commenced. The company expect to be ready
to wash in June, 1875. The successful intro-
duction of the Burleigh drill in California ren-
der these long tunnels no longer the formid-
able obstacles they were once considered.
* Ano'.her Tunnel..
The Gold Run Hydraulic mining company
(limited) tunnel will, when completed, be 840
feet long, eight feet wide, and eight leet high.
450 feet of tbis tunnel has been completed
and the Miners' ditch company is driving it
ahead at the rate of 130 to 140 feet per month.
The tunnel at the shaft will be at least 60 feet
in the bed-rock, beiDg ample grade to work out
i the whole property. There has Vieen a shaft
j snnk to bed-rock, 181 feet, through iich gravel
I the entire distance, and at the bottom of the
j shaft they struck soft, shelly bed-rock, which
! was actually yellow with coarse "lead" gold.
t The tunnel, when completed, will enable them
j to suooessfully work this vast deposit of aurif-
I erous gravel to bed-rook. They expect to have
the tunnel completed by the middle of June
next, and the incline raised and ready for
washing at the commencement of next water
season. They will put a five-foot flume in the
tunnel, and several undercurrents. The "rig"
will be first-class in every respect, and cannot
Orchard Oriole.
The orchard oriole enters the Southern States
from South America early in March, and con-
tinues there until October. In the more north-
ern regious, it of course arrives later and de-
parts earlier; but it does not often go further
north ibuii Connecticut. The migration from
south to north is performed by day, and singly,
the males preceding the females by a week or
ten days, frequently alightiug on the top of
trees, to rest or feed. They exhibit a great
repetition of motions of the wings, although
gliding through the air for a few yards only at
ut a time, and, while about to alight, as well as
afterwards, perform strong and well-marked
jettings of the tail.
As soon as they reach the portion of the
country in which they intend to remain during
tie time of rearing thew young, and where
Important Mining Suit Decision.
A decision has just been rendered in the great
quicksilver mining case of Stone vs. the GeyBer
Quicksilver Mining Co., which has been on
trial sinoe February 26th at Santa Rosi
This case has created a great deal of interest,
not only here but throughout the entire State,
involving property valued at millions. The
question at issue was, whether the original
locators should get posst-ssicnof the mines or
the late holders, who claim that the original
owners had abandoned their claim to the prop-
erty.
A statement of the case may be briefly sum-
marized as follows: In the early part of 1860,
20 claims were located in the vicinity of Geyser
Springs. The first recorded was the Pennsyl-
vania company, which included twenty claims
as they were called, of 150 feet each, and the
others in the following order: Healdsburg, 17
claims; Empire, 30 claims; Rut-sian river, 14
claims; Gibraltar, 10 claims; Cbaparral, 15
claims; Petaluma. 11 claims; Buckeye, 12
claims; Boston, 2% olaims; Alta California, 15
claims. These claims 127 in number, were
consolidnted and incorporated under the title
of the Geyser Quicksilver mining company.
Some prospecting was done. In July, 1871,
the Last Chance, New York and other claims,
were consolidated with the prior consolidation,
and the company took the name of the Ameri-
can Quicksilver mining company. Some fur-
ther prospecting was done. Finally, on ihe
2bth day of April, 1873, the ground was sold,
wi h the iffets of the company, on attachment
for $496.50 and co-ts of suit, for good-*, wares,
etc., sold to the company by Ellis Brothers,
and was purchased by F. G. Huhmtn at Sher-
iff's sale. Af er this, the affairs of the Geyser
American quicksilver mining company faded
(rom sight and memory.
On the 25th of November, 1871, "W. H. Hop-
kins located the old Kentu^k mine, part of
which is claimed as the old American ground.
The old Pennsylvania had, prior to that, been
located as the Geyser, and shortly afterward
the old Petaluma was located as the Missouri
mine, which lies just^ast of the old Foss tract
on the Hog's Back. A law was pasted by
Congress taking effect May 10th, 1872, extend-
ing the time for work to be done on old claims.
S. A. Stone, the plaintiff in this suit, pur-
chased the ti'le which Hahman had acquired
under the Sheriff's sale in 1873, and com-
menced suit for the ground. The defendants
had, prior to that sale, relocated the mines,
and claim to have expend* d a large amount of
money in developing them, said to amount in
the aggregate to over $50,000. They claim
that they were in possession of this ground be-
fore the passage of the Act extending time to
work on old locations, that the claim of the
American company had been abandoned, and
that they are the beueficiaries under the Act,
the plaintiff having done nothing to keep pos-
session after the Sheriff's sale of 1873. Plain-
tiffs aver that they had not abandoned their
claim, and the law of 1872 extended the time
f<«r them to work upon it.
This suit has been decided in favor of the
defendants— a decision which has been received
with rejoicing in Santa JJosi, Calistoga aud
elsewhere in that vicinity. The jury was only
out about ten minutes. TMb suit is considered
a test case of the rights of locators under the
mining law of 1872, as agniust those who
Years ago abandoned their claims and now en-
deavor to set up claims to them.
THE ORCHARD ORIOLE.
interest than Gojd Run and Dutch Flat Dis-
tricts. Here may by seen, hydraulic mining on
a scale of magnitude not attained elsewhere in
the State and here may be studied ander pecu-
liarly favorable circumstances the chanoel sys-
tem of the pliocene age as illustrated by the
great Blue Lead.
There are many other features of interest in
this and adjoining districts of Dutch Flat, such
as the Moody & Kinder tailing claim and the
Cedar creek claims (of London), the latter
near Dutch Flat, which, will amply repay a
visit to the traveler who wishes to study our
hydraulic mining system,
Qiiaktz Specimens. — If any of our mining
friemts have any good specimens of gold quartz
suitable for cutting, to make jewelry, etc, by
addressing us we can inform them where they
can get from $18 to $20 per ounce for the gold.
Miners owning mines from which quartz of this
class is procured can sell the good specimens
to more advantage than they can crush them.
There is a demand here for good quartz speci-
mens of a character to be cut for jewelry, sn
our mining friends can save that they have and
easily dispose of tbem at good prices. The
more of them the better..
The mines in Little Cottonwood, Utah, are
jammed with ore awaiting transportation to
fail, when properly opened tobed-rock, to yield j the smelters.
they are always welcomed with pleasure, these
birds exhibit all the liveliness and vivacity be-
longing to their nature. A little time is
consumed before the female is won by
her frisky wooer, the siDging and gyra-
tions of which are then very ardent; and,
as soon as they have paired off, the most
active industry is evinced. They resort to the
meadows or search along the fences for the
finest, longest and toughest grasses they can
find; and, having previously fixed upon a spot,
either on an apple-tree or amid the drooping
branches of a weeping-willow, but which is
very apt to be near the habitation of man,
they begin by attaching the^ grass firmly
and neatly to Ihe twigs immediately around
the chosen place. The filaments are twisted,
passed over and under, and interwoven in such
a manner as almost to defy the eye of man to
follow their windings. All this is done by the
bill of the bird. The nest is hemispherical,
and supported by the margin only, finished out-
side and in with long slender grass, some of
which. goes around the nest several times, as if
closely woven. But softer and warmer mate-
rials are used in the more northern ranges of
these birds.
Figs, mulberries, strawbsrrie?, and various
kinds of fruits are eaten by these birds,
but not to a very injurious extent, their ohief
reliance being upon the pernicious insects of
the garden and field.
The finest coal yet discover' d on the Pacific
coast, without any exception, is declared by
some experts to be that lately discovered in
Pierce county, Oregon, in the foothills of the
Cascade mountains, near the headwaters of
the Tacoma River, and from 25 to 28 miles
from the town of Tacoma. The deposit there
is known to extend over a region at least two
miles wide and three miles long, and the seams
are from four to eight inches in thickness.
In Alameda county, some twenty-four miles
south of Oakland, there are 400 acres of land
devoted to salt making. In winter the sea
water is let in, and in June it is gone into the
clouds, leaving the salt behind. The annual
yield is 7,500 tons, and the table salt there
made brings $10 per ton, while the cost of
making it is $6 a ton. Forty men are em-
ployed in the business on these 400 acres.
J. T. Anderson, who has the old Felter place
on Oregon Gulch, Trinity, recently sluiced
into an old Indian burying ground and ex-
humed a number of relics which had been
buried therein. Among others was a stone
pestle of neat workmanship, and twenty inches
in length. The Chinamen quit work imme-
diately when the bones were found.
Notwithstanding the effort made to stop the
flow of water in the Sutro tunnel, a small
stream is still running. In order to allow the
men to continue the work, the track has been
raised and a ditch cut below it. Men are now
engaged at the header, and hopes are enter-
tained that the water will soon cease to flow.
The Phoenix mine, in Pope valley, Napa
county, with only twenty-five men employed,
is turning out ninety flasks of quicksilver per
month.
170
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 13, igji
eoli$ pice?.
STUAET & ELDER,
WHOLESALE
COMMISSION merchants
FOR THE SALE OF
California Dairy Produce,
.. ■ ■ . ■ ■
GRAIN & QUICKSILVER,
204 Front Street, San Francisco.
1 '
_
AOENT8 FOR THE
Missouri,
Kentuck,
Ida Clayton
and Yellow Jacket
Quicksilver Mines.
All orders for Supplies and Machinery for
Mines promptly attended to.
RETORTS, POWDER and MINERS' TOOLS
■
[
Supplied at Importers' Prices.
3v9-eow-bp
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO.,
Patent Riyated
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery St.,
Sim Francisco.
These goods are specially
adapted for the use of
FABMERS. MECHANICS,
MINERS, and WORKING
MEN in general. They
are manufactured 01 the.
Best Material, and1 in a
Supetlor Manner. A trial
will convince everybody of
this fact.
Patented May 12, 1813.
USE NO OTHER, AND INQUIRE FOR THESE
GOODS ONLY. vow-bp
DATID WOERNEB,
A. CM! IMC OUST! -A.!
For "Washing: and Cleaning: Purposes.
For Sale by all Grocers.
Thin article is universally need in Europe, and, recenty
iDt.rod.uoed for general family use in San i Francisco and
neighborhood, is already in great demand. It is now the
intention of the manufacturers to introduce it all overthe
Pacific Oc aat, at prices which will bring it within the reach
of every household. ' '•'
It is unequalled for cleansing Woolen Fabrics, Cutlery,
Carpets or Crockery ; for Sorubbing Floors, Washing Paint,
Removing Grease Spots, Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water soft, and imparts a delightful sense of
coolness after washing.
DIRECTIONS.— For Laundry, use two to four table'
spooonJulstoawaBhTubof water; For bathing, use one
tablespoonful in the bath tub. For removing. grease spots,
apply with a .brush, undiluted, and wash with Water after-
wara. 1 For stimulating the growth of plants, use a few
drops In every pint of water used in watering.
PRICE. -Per Pint Bottle, 25 cents; per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 oents; per HaU'Gallon, 75 cents.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for. chemical pur-
pose fertilizing, and the preparation of artificial manures,
AMMOKTIACAL PREPARATION. for,the prevention and
removal of boiler scale. CRUDE AMMONIA, for general
manufacturing, and PURK LIQUOR and AQUA AMMO-
NIA for chemical and pbarmaccntioal purposes.
jgy- Manufactured by the
SAX* FRANCISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowbp
COOPER,
Fo- 104 and 112 Spear St.. San Francisco.
Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Beer Bar-
rels, etc., Manufactured at Snort Notice
and LOW KATES.
LUMBER for OA9KS, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
nd Dried if required.
eow-bp.
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic P ipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Havi-'E the Latest Improved Machinery, ws can mate
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OB
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all "Work Guaranteed
130 Beale Street,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to" 20
pounds.
BRA.HMAS, GAMES
HOUDANS.
BOGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to batch after arrival on
any part of tb.9 Coast. For Illustrated Circul.tr and Price-
Lie t, address
M. EYEE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where yon saw this advertisment.]
Emden Geese
40 to 50 ponnds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
Black
CAYUGA DUCKS.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND-POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tiom given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 815 California street, RoomB 16 and 17.
24v2«-tf
Quartz Mill for Sale
At Mineral Hill, Elko County, Nevada, four miles from
Mineral Hill Station, on the Palisade and Eureka Rail-
road, and 35 miles from the Central Pacific Railroad.
The Mineral Hill Silver Mines Company (Limited
offer for sale their new 20-stamp mill (dry crushing)
built by H. J. Booth & Co, of San Francisco.
The mill is complete in every respect, with engine,
Boilers, Stetefeldt Furnace and all modern appliances,
and is as good as new, having only run two months
upon ore.
The whole is offered very cheap for cash. For further
information apply to
H. H. OAKES, Superintendent.
Mineral Hill, Nevada.
REMOVAL.
Pacific Lamp & Reflector Factory
J. & P. N, HANN-A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY JETTON DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 ana 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 16-
ounce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Ravens and Drills'
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STBJ3ET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
any
per cent. Better than
Imported MustaM-
A»k Your Grocer for it.
_ 9v5-eow-bp.
THE DR. BLY ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
1 66 Tehama ©t reet,
COR. OF THIRD, BETWEEN HOWARD & FOLSOM
THE "ANATOMICAL LEG" WITH A UNIVERSAL
ankle motion; the above cut is its illustration. This
artificial leg approaches so much nearer an imitation
of the functions of nature than any other, tba*it stands
without a rival among all the inventions in artifiicial
legs, old or new. (The very latest annouced new in-
ventions duly considered.)
Address MENZO SPRING,
166 Tehama street, S. P., Cal.
6v3Q-lam-bp-3m
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
ani) Sulphuric Acid Manufacturers.
For sale or to lease, the LEVIATHAN COPPER
MINE, in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallic copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations realized $30,-
000 for Bluestone. In sight, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons 15 per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, w tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Cost of
extraction, $'. There Is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, of
pure sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantage-
ous terms will be offered. For further particulars
apply to Louis .Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpin
county, Cal. j_i
(Metallurgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IS
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundrie
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
812 and 514 Washington street, SAN FIUNCt|j)
We would call the special attention of Aesaye
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Oouipanl,
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIAL^
— ANn—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies Bii
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast, i
S£?~ Our Oold and Silver Tables, showing the fa]
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and v
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR & 00
"WANTED— By a graduate of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, who has had practical experi-
ence, the situation of Chemist or Assayer, or a position
as Assistant in a Mine or Smelting Works. References
given if required. Address, Q, E. STAFFORD,
Toledo, Ohio.
K£
Varney's Patent Amalgamator,
rticse Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating oresjltt
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spar.
to have them constructed in the most perfect maun
and of the great number now in operation, not one 1
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as ■ to apply steam direct
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.' \
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller fori I
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down throe il
the apporture and between the grinding surfaces:
Thence it is thrown totthe periphery Intothequiekailv
The curved plates again draw it to %e center, where
passes down, and to the circumference as before., , Tli
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grot
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal am
gamated.
Sellers made on the game principle excel all otht
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly In a
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly e
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans' and aeti
lor themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
Sap' Frmic.nr*
Nevada Metallurgical Works;
21 First street San Francisc
■
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc,:
Flans furnished for the moat suitable pi
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining a
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTTHN,
C. A. LTJCKHA.RDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgist!
jj
RODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION HLBBCHANT
ABfiscia Mint
Ohi.11 lLlnds of Ore*, and particular intern
PAID TO
CONSie.NMKNTS OF BOOM,
4Tlft-Sm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals.
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENEY '&. HAMES
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory,
Montgomery street, up-etairs. TERMS MODEKA'
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of tbe.U. 8. Branch Mint, S. E.)
Assayer and Metallur^ic
CHEMIST,
No. All Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U . S. Branch Mint .
8ak Fbancisoo Gal. 7*31
SANBORN &c BYRNES, 1
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, Ban Fraud 6co. Orders t [i
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of J f
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory T
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Eancy Newel
Balusters. 25v8-8m.l |
larch 13, 1875.]
MINING ANP SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
171
(tfachifiery.
;ooo in use:
ADMCDTG feY STATION
CEO.O&KE MP G CO.
fl. P. GREGORY,
gant for the Pacific Coast, H and 16 First street,
vncisco, Cal.
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIOHEST PREMIUM
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cisco, and State If air, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipo A, reguluted und.r the oil by valve J, and forced
out through chockvalve and pipe B into the steam pipe
C; it ttien becomes greasy steam, pusses to all the
valves and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glaaB
tube I indicates amount nsed per hour. Packing on
rodn and stem* lasts longer, and the rinns on the pititon
will not corrode. One pint of oil will last frum three
to six days, according to dpeed and size of engine- I
sliding gau«c; JK, valve to shot off wh«>n engine stoppe'
H, F, valves to shut off in case of front; steam doqs not
enter the cup; it is always cool; warranted t give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Man .facturedby
California Braes Works, 126 First street, 8 F. 2iv23
(flijiipg Machinery.
Tin:
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
MACHINISTS* TOOLS,
Extha Heatt and Improved Patterns,
•xjtiv^m: machine co.,
Manufactures.
lTHES. FLANER8, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT OUTTEBS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MAOHINES ON HAND. GEAB
CDTTER8 AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
ddress
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F
ACIFIC WIACH'Y DEPOT
GUARANTEED PURE OAKTANNED
FATHER
BFIiTfH0
4 8 16 FIRST ■■.& &$liU. FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACHINERY. DEPOT:
H PGRfc&ORY'
; . SOLE AuENT
FITCH8UR6 MACHINE W:-
MACHINISTS
TOOLS!
H & l:6vKI.RST3 S Jr ,SA|\i,.FRmI.\i C 1 3 u0.:
PA&itic Machinery dlpot
H.P.GiEtE<iGKV
^- 50LE AGEN>T,F0;R TIhE ■ '■'.
WHEELS
iNGINES.
ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
as . decided merit j. Its Beauty, Oompactness,
irength. Durability, Economy in Foel, Ease in Hand-
ng, and Small Spuce required attract the Buyer, and
ie Price readily concludes the Sale.
KT'Call and see it or send for Circulars.
• M.KEELER& 00. , AfftS,,308,Cal. St., S.F
Pacific Machinery Depot.
H. P. GREGORY,
14 and 16 First St., 8. F.
Sole Agent for Pacific Ooaet for J. A. Fay A Go's Wood-
working Machinery, Blake's Pa'eat Sleam Pumps,
Tanite Co'fl Emery Wheels and Machinery, Fitch-
burg Machine Co'b Machi.ilst'B Tools, EdBon's
Recording Steam. Gauge, Triumph Fire Ex-
tinguisher. Also on hand and for Sale:
Sturtcvant'a Blowers and Exhaust E;ms, John A. Roeb-
lin ;*s SonB' Wire Rope, Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting. Pe-rih'a French Band Saw Blades,
Planer Knives, Nathan & Dreyfus Glass
Oilers; and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kinds. P. 0. Rox 168.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbing and boring Car1 Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inoheB and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
WM. HAWKINS.
T. G. OANTRELL.
NTMBOD BAULSIB.
t BICHABD O.HANSON.
Rioha.ed G. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
IMPORTERS OF ALL KINDS OE
Patent Bashings & Gearing Apparatus
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum Vitro for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR- STREET,
ear Market, ----- ban francisco
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stoveaand Metals. Tinners1 Goods, Toole and Machines;
111 and 11- California St., 17 and 19 Davis St., San Fran-
cisco. acJ 178 J St., Sacrarrento. mr .-ly
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific tests by Jaiues Emerson, showing the following
URi-f ul uLYect of the power of the Water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part pate, H C0.08; >$ 69.M: % 78.73
% 82.53r Vt, 8'2.90. Percentage Of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emersou Bays: " These are the best aTer-
atre results ever given by any Turbine Wheel
in my experience"
A splendidly illustrated den<-riptivft catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnished ou application to
TBEADWELL & CO..
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific States and Territories.
18v20-eow-tf
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting-, Desulphurizing, Chlorldizing
and Oxidizing Ores, etc. For the rednction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other ores, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
use. Ohloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory1 to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, teiS^s five or more
furnaces; controls tiiem with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, beating tne water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, e±posetl to the pois-
onous chlorine .gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from tho mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pnlverlzinp. For description refer to
Mining and Scientific Pbess, No. 18, Ootober 31, 1874.
For particulars address
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 "West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, &c, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
fou QtJA.R'rzi mulls,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES 'for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
which are
unequalled
for
Strength',
Durability,
and
Economy
"Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Bock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and general Mining Muchinery in all its
details and furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promply filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited. 9v28-ly
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs I. M0 lbs. Has an iron
frame, live *teel arms with stunt pa weighing 17 lbs. eaeh.
which strike 2,0" Q blows wr minute, 111 a mgrtar provided
with scrmns on bnih sitU'a. mid cru-tu-n rrNE fiOo lbs. per
boor, requiring ono-horsu power to drive 11. li*» boon
thoroughly HMeil, an>l is Kuurantt'ed tu give go .id Balis-
faction, prick. tm>.
G. D. CROCKER, *
nvic-tf
315 California street. Ban Francisco.
gteam Pips.
PA.KKE Jfc LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
THE SELDEN
DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMP,
A. CARR, Manufacturer & Proprietor.
Patented
Combining simplicity and durability to a. remarkable
degree. Its parts are easy of access, and it is adapted to
all purposes for which Steam Pumps are used.
As a Mining Pump it is Unsurpassed.
— ALSO —
STEAM, GAS & WATER PIPE, BRASS WORK STEAM
& WATER GAUGES, FITTINGS, ETC.
CARR PATENT STEAM RADIATOR.
Send for Price List and Circulars. Address,:
A . CARR,
10v2B-ly 43 Courtland Street . New York
nrl t\ Trrf j
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less 1. him elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amnnnt of new maohinery o
tho lateat and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lenRths and sizes. Con-
stantly on handalarge stock of Manila Rope, all sizeB :
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & CO..
de20 611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco .
172
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 13, 1875
Home Industries.
The California Chemical Paint Company.
The stranger visiting San Francisco is at-
tracted by the light and fresh appearance of its
private residences. Instead of the heavy,
sombre buildings of the Eastern States, the
mildness and equable character of our climate
allows the construction of much less substan-
tial and, at the same time, more graceful edi-
fices. What adds largely to the beauty of
oar private houses is the free- use of the
paint brush, Of course where paint is such an
important article as it is San Francisco, or
for that matter, throughout the State, it is well
for our people to become acquainted with the
best and most durable manufactures. Prom-
inent among our industries is the
California Chemical Paint Company,
Having their manufactory at the corner of
Fourth and Townsend streets. This company
are the sole agents on the Pacific coast for the
Averill Chemical Paint, which has acquired
such an excel le»t reputation in the East. The
inventor of this paint, Mr, D. K. Averill, of
Cleveland, Ohio, spent some twenty years in
experimenting before he achieved success in
producing a paint which has the characteristics
most desirable — durability, elasticity, ease of
application and beauty of finish.
These Points of Excellence
Mr. Averill claimed to have achieve d when he
applied for his patent eight years since. From
that time to this nothing has been neglected
which science or capital could furnish to im-
prove upon Mr. Averill'B original invention.
The ^California Chemoal PaiLt Company
are manufacturing und-r the Averill pa! eat
but ore onstantly endeavoring to improve
upon the parent article. The company was
organized in this city in 1869, but has only
be' n uuder the present able management since
last spring.
The Officers Are:
President, Tyltr Baath; Secretary, M. C.
Jewell. At the manuf ictory on Towusend St.,
the process of grinding, mixing and packing is
carried on. Here may be seen samples of the
different shades of paint on hand, and if u >t
just what is wanted, the chemist in charge of
the compounding will mix the very tint re-
quired.
It is prepared at the manufactory and put up
in quantities of a gallon aud upwards ready
for use. When wan'ed a quantity can be
drawn off —no mixing is required— and if not
all uf-ed returned to the package. One merit
of the Chemical Paint is, any one can use it.
The farmer if he wishes to paint his house or
his barn haa only to buy a brush and a pack-
age ot thi* paint and apply it. He
Becomes a Painter,
For the time being. The value of this paint,
aside from its permanency of liquid, consists
in affording a means of protection to wood
against the action of the elements, and also, as
has been proved by experience, forming a coat-
ing comparatively
Fire Proof.
The company is also manufacturing a cop-
per paint, which is nearly equal to copper it-
self for preserving the bottom of vessels from
the action ot the water and parasites of the sea.
An iron paint for coating iron vessels is like-
wise in great demand. A visit to the manu-
factory of the California Cnemical Paint Co.
will well repay any one, and prove that what
we have said is not, to use, perhaps, an appro-
priate expression, too "highly colored."
Lakd Plastbb. — "We are pleased to state that
Messrs. Lucas, Gesner & Co. have established
a mill at 215 and 217 Main street, in this city,
for the purpose of manufacturing plaster of
Paris for fertilizing and other purposes. The
fertilizing influences of this material have long
been known and appreciated in the Atlantic and
Mississippi Valley States; but it has never been
utilized in California, chiefly on account of the
exorbitant price charged for it here— $20. per
ton. The above named firm is now enabled to
supply a very superior article for $10 per ton,
and we understand that some farmers are al-
ready beginning to supply themselves, either
with large quantities for general use, or with
smaller ones for experimental purposes. There
is no doubt that this fertilizer, if generally in-
troduced, would prove much more efficient in
the dry climate of California than it ever has
done in the more moist regions east of the
Rocky mountains. We shall soon refer to this
matter more at length, and in the meantime
would urge upon our farmers the propriety of
at least experimenting with the material on a
small scale this season, and thus so assure
themselvos of its value that they may apply it
more largely another season, should the suc-
cess of this year's experiment warrant them in
so doing.
Many of the miners holding claims on Pros-
pect mountain, near Eureka,, are hard at work
on their mines, and good ore has been found in
several instances. The mountain is dotted
with groups of miners searching for the hidden
treasures. The greatest activity prevails
among them, and when the snow will have dis-
appeared Prospect mountain will be heard
from.
Industrial Items.
The total yield of the Consolidated Virginia
mine for the month of February was $1,205,-
390. This and the payment by the company of
a dividend of $10 per share, speaks well for
the bonanza mines.
The Portland iron works of Messrs. Moyni-
han & Aitken are just finishing the largest steam
boiler ever tsuilt on this coast, and as large as
has ever been built in the United States. It is
14 feet 8 inches in diameter, 16 feet across the
front, with a chimney 10 feet in diameter and
12 feet high, and stands from the ground 26
feet 8 inches high. The length of the boiler is
19 feet 4 inches and it will weigh 100 tons when
in position in the steamer "Senator." The
iron is %-inch and the rivets are also %-inch,
and the tensile strain on the iron is 60,000
pounds to the inch.
The Kern county Courier of March 6th, says
that the Hyde steam wagon, although not yet
perfected in all its details, is proving a great
success. It is now engaged in plowing and is
doing splendid work. On Monday it plowed
thirty-one acres in splendid style, and when
every little fault of construction that experi-
ence points out is remedied, it will do much
more. The cost of running the machine that
day, or of doing this amount of work, including
interest, wear and tear, etc., was $25 — a vast
saving over the old method of plowing.
Accobdiso to the Shasta Courier, Judge
Beatty, of Sacramento, has purchased 1,200
acres of coal land from Peck & Kincaid, whose
coal lands are situated on the head of Oak run,
Shasta county. The work of developing these
mines will be immediately commenced, and a
large force of men will be employed. The coal
extracted will be shipped to Sacramento, as
soon as shippicg facilities can be arranged.
In Alameda county, some 24 miles south of
Oakland, there are 400 acres of land devoted to
ealt making. In winter the 6ea water is let in,
and in June it is gone into the clouds, leaving
the salt behind. The annual yield is 7,500
tons, and the table salt there made brings $10
per ton, while the cost of making it is $6 a ton.
Forty men are employed in the business on
these 400 acres.
A new irrigating district is soon to be formed
undtr (he Bush irrigation" law, which will in-
clude Anaheim and ihe surrounding country to
the extent of 12,000 acres. The water will be
brought from Santa Ana river. This will be
the s*ond district formed under the new law,
and will bring in all about 26,000 acres under
irrigation.
The Vallejo broom factory is now turning
out fifty dozen brooms a day. To accommo-
date their interior customers they have com-
bined with their business a full line of wood
and willow ware imported by them from the
Ea4.
A bubnimg gas well in Butler county makes
summer weather in the neighborhood. The
trees are buddii g and the grass growing in the
charmed circle of its influence.
Me, Ayres, late'y from St. Johns, N. B.. has
purchased the mill and water privilege of C. P.
Traber, of TJkiah, and expects to erect a woolen
factory there during the coming summer.
The new machinery for the Capital woolen
mills, Sacramento, is daily expected from the
East. There will «e about three car loads of
it, of the most approved pattern.
Me. F. C. Chase, while boring a well at the
Findley ranch, near Wheatland, recently, dis-
covered what are considered infallible signs of
coal.
The narrow gauge company of Salinas and
Monterey has ju-t received another locomotive
from Philadelphia, at a cost of $8,000.
General News Items.
Official reports from all the railroads in
Minnesota show only 2,340,000 against over
5,000,000 bushels last year. Well posted grain
dealers estimate the entire wheat crop of last
year at 21,000,000 bushels, and as over 16,000,-
000 bushels has already been shipped, there
remains but little over 3,000,000 bushels in the
hands of farmers.
Washbuen & Co. 's new grade into the Yo-
semite Valley, from Clark & Moore's, a dis-
tance of twenty-four miles, will be completed
about the 15th of next month. When finished
this grade will be the finest one leading into
the valley, as tourists can travel with as much
ease and comfort as if on our valley roads.
The thieves are getting smart in Vallejo —
they have taken to stealing gardens. A re-
sident of that place arose the other morning
to find the shrubs, flowers, roots and bulbs
which had adorned his premises the day be-
fore, vanished, and what was a garden, trans-
formed into a desert.
Thebe is no prospect of a speedy settlement
of the difficulty between the Pennsylvania and
Baltimore & Ohio rail road companies. In
the meantime the public are being benefitted
by the reduction of freight and passenger rates.
Among the important Pacific coast bills
which passed Congress at the end of the
session and have become laws was the bill pro-
viding tor the coinage of twenty-cent silver
pieces, to be a legal tender to the amount
of $5.
The forty-third Congress adjourned on the
4th inst. The extra session of the Senate called
by the President will probably continue until
the last of the present month.
Segeetaey Bristow has directed the retire
ment of $1,385,000 of legal tenders, being 80
per cent of the National Bank circulation
issued under the new Currency bill.
Oveb forty persons who have died in St.
John, N. B-, this winter, have been temporarily
interred in the snow which lies in such quan-
tities as to prevent the opening of graves.
Sisson, Wallace & Co. have orders for 1,400
or 1,500 workmen on the Grass Valley and
Colfax road, and the southern railroads of the
State. Here is a chance for men wanting em-
ployment.
A rumob comes from Paris to the effect that
there is great difficulty in preventing young
King Alfonso of Spain fiom abdicating in favor
of Duke De Montpensier.
Railroad travel has b*»en very much impeded
in the Eastern States by the snows of the past
week. In Michigan most of the roads have
suspended operations entirely.
The Reporter has an article on "apathetic
Napa," in which the supineness of that county
is complained of. Railroad communication is
needed to gain access to the outside world.
A colony of Tennesseeans, among them
Gen. Forrest, will soon arrive in Los Angeles
county, where they intend settling.
The President has nominated Godlove S.
Orth as Minister to Austria and Horace May-
nard as Minister to Turkey.
At Pacheco a company has been organized
and is now engaged in preparing the ground
for planting sixty acres of tobacco during the
present season.
The trees abound the Vallejo City park
which died during the present year have been
removed, and good live trees planted in then-
places.
Large quantities of grape-vine cuttings are
now being shipped from San Jose to San
Buenaventura and_ other points in Ventura
county.
There are several grain and hay merchants
at South Vallejo who are juai wild because the
cows are permitted to run at large.
' Many of the heavy grain dealers in Santa
Clara county, who have held their grain since
1873, are now disposing of it.
Many of the Oregon farmers are changing
their large pastures into fields of growing
grain.
The Yolo Mail threatens to start a new daily
in Woodland-
Patents & Inventions!
Agricultural Items.
Negotiations are now pending between the
settlers in the vicinity of "Wheatville and "the
Fresno canal and irrigation company, with a
view to securing the immediate construction of
a branch caual to that vicinity. The company
propose to construct a canal immediately, con-
veying an abundant supply of water, provided
a sufficient number of persons can be found
who will bind themselves to purchase water at
the rate of one dollar per acre per annum.
The Coming Stbawbebuy Season. — In about
two weeks we may expect the opening of the
sirawberry 'season. Present indications war-
rant sanguine expectations on the part of the
vast army of strawberry eaters. Some have
predicted a surplus, and that the growers
would not receive pay for labor and investment.
It is to be hoped that this will not be the case;
and we have faith that the expected increase of
supply, will create a corresponding increase of
consumption.
About Gbeen Peas. — "We have just received
a note from a gentleman of Harrisburg, Ala-
meda county, asking: "Whether there are any
green peas in market, and if bo what is
the price?" Of course there are. Green peas
have been in the S. F. market nearly four
weeks, and are now selling at 5 to 5% cents per
pound by the sack.
The Contra Costa county people are, it
seems from the Gazette of the 27th ult., bound
to wage an unremitting warfare against the
squirrel until their extermination is assured.
The Q-azettesayB: "We know that we must de-
stroy the squirrels or ultimately abandon the
land to them, and the sooner we determine to
Ao one or the other the better and more profit-
able it will be for us.
On the Cosumnes bottom, says the Sacra-
mento Agriculturist, heavy crops of corn are
raised; after the water has passed off, a heavy
sediment is left of richness, which, when
powdered, is valuable for corn, pumpkins, po-
tatoes; large numbers of hogs are raised and
fattened every year.
A cobbespondent of the Tulare Times write
from Linn's valley that the farmers in tba
neighborhood have about finished sowing al
the land they intend to cultivate in grain or
hay, and are now busily engaged in preparing
their land for a more extensive potato crop than
ever grown in that valley.
The Southern Californian advises farmers to
plant more grain this season and stop import-
ing from San Francisco. It will require
10U.000 sacks of grain this year to supply the
Cerro Gordo freight company alone.
Thousands of fruit and shade treeB have been
planted in Hollister and environs within the
past few weeks. *
Fabmees in Tehama report the crop prospects
along the southern border of the county as
most cheering.
Woodwabd'h Gardens embraces an Aqnariam, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents
sued to Paoiflo Coast Inventors.
[From Official Reports fob the Mining and Sob
tzfio Pbesb, DEWEY ft CO., Published .
TJ. 8. and Foreign Patent Agents. J
By Special Dispatch, Sated Waahing-toi
D. O., Maroh 9, 1875.
Foe Week Ending Feb. 23, 1875.*
Absokbinq Ammonia Gas in Wateb.— Joh
Beath, S. F., Cal.
Geatn Sepabatob. — Josiah H. Looke, San )
Cal.
Compound fob the Peevention op Scalel
Steam Boilebs. — John H. Pitts, Oaklan
Cal.
Gas Metes. — Jacob Badston, 8. F., Cal.
Railway Cab Axle. — Samuel L. Harrison, i t
F., Cal.
Febtilizing Compound. — Chas. H. Hoffma
S. F., Cal.
Saddle Tbee.— Pembeiton B. Horton, S. ]
Cal.
Wagon Bbake. — Bobort J. Knapp, Half Moo li
Bay, Cal.
3obew Peopblleb.— James H. Loftus, Oaljw
land, Cal.
Ke- issue.
Fob Teas.— WilliamB, Blanohard & Co., S. 1
Cal.
TThe patents are not ready for dell-very by t *L
Patent Office until some 14. days after the date of last
Note. — Copies of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnish'
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by t<
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All pate,
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted wi
erfoct security aud in the shortest time possible.
»t
Geoeob Wilson, formerly contributor of the Miming
and Soiebtifio Pbesb, will please address this office.
The San Joan Times says: "The peop'e
and around French Corral complain of*
great scarcity of water for mining purpose
The Milton company have to distribute
supply of -water among so many mines thi **!
they oDly retain enough to k< ep their ofl ,iu
mines at work about half the time. This lb* *
be^n, thus far, a poor season for the mine}
and unless we have very heavy rains higher i ^
in the mountains duriug the months of Mar-- iii
and April, fears are entertained that
miner in this township will be compelled li &
the first of August to cease from work.
The Yrefca Union learns that the miners if *
the Klamath river are busy making prepr
lions for a vigorous prosecution of their olsl
the coining season, which, owing to the sroii '~
quantify of wa'er that has falen this win lie tit
promises to be a longer one than usual mp $
them.
"I'll Risk It."— "That cough will kill you, if y" £
neglect it," said a New York merchant to one of 1 «
partners about nine weeka ago. "Try Hale's Honeyi ...
Horehound and Tar," he added. "It has cureflS L
wife of just such a cough as you have, and I beliffig {*'
would cure you." "Nonsense, my dear fellow," tf1
the reply, "mine's not a cemetery cough. It will'
away of itself. 1*11 risk it!" He did "risk it," and 1b
present apparently in the last stage of Chronic Bb!
chitis. He is now taking the remedy he scoffed at, (
it relieves him; but it remains to be seen whether it
not too late to effect a cure.
Pike's TooOt-Ache Drops — Onre in one minute.
DEWEY & CO.
American and Foreign
i
£
.«:
Went mamU
\
INTo.. 334 Sansorne S»t.
SAN FBANCISCO.
Patents Obtained Promptly.
Caveats Filed Expeditiously.
Patent Reissues Taken Out.
Patents Seoured in Foreign Lands.
Assignments Made and Beoorded in Legal For
Copies of Patents and Assignments Procured.'
Examinations of Patents made here and
Washington,
Examinations made of Assignments Record
in Washington.
Examinations Ordered and Reported by Tffl
OEAPH.
Interferences Prosecuted
Opinions Rendered regarding the Validil
Patents aud Assignments.
Rejected Cases taken tip and Patents Obtain
Every Legitimate Branch of Patent Agenoy B
iriess promptly and thoroughly conducted.
Send fob Ctbottlae. •
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
607 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model mahers and ameature mechaB'
and BtudeDts. will find the work valuable far bey-
its cost. Published by Dewey & Co., Patent AjK
and publishers of the alining and Scientific Pres
Price, post paid, $1.
I
>;.
•ch 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
173
METALS.
Wri>K«sDAT m., March 10. 1876.
p-.« Ir-o. y too I0 46IM
b Pi« Iroa.ft too 46 00 hi 4a uo
iPin.Vion 2 4tt 00
0 PiJT. 1* ton if 44 00.
id bar, bad uaonmeat, V t> . . . ... a — 3S
J U*r. food M»r>r',in«nt. lift ij — 4
.No. lto4 @ — 6S
No Mow W — 51*
,No. loto L3... (g - V„
.No. II to*' S — JS
,No. U to «7 — 08 5 — OS
■^Shoas, por keg. T» B S 00
ijlron — 9 2 — —
1 Iron — 6 <U
Iron* for BUokamitha. Minar*. tto. (fl) — 4S
"rV - 31 Q - 33
rTln'd -45 3
(••Pat — 50 9
blox.B t> 3 — 24
bin*, follow a — tt
tain*. Old Yellow 5 — UH
-iilioo Nails — 24 a
itioo Bolt* — 34 M
.Charcoal. IX f> box ISM U 15 10
, IO Charcoal 13 00 & 14 SO
mPiatwa ia an *a is 00
Tlo.S!ab«J.1»w — 323*3 jJ
-En«li«hOaat. » ft - 20 & — 25
* W00UV American Ca*L @ - 16S
Ktel ^'.'.V//.^V.V.V".V.'V.'*.'.'.V.'.". - 9@- 10
... — a - n
•beat - a - 114
Avtorutdalzo 4 25 a 8 00
•TO*. v*>** - — t» 1 32#
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
HAQS.
_ndWht.. 11 @-
«Oo'a...
•wad...
1IV412
i3 «»U
UJ43RM
Ido3«x40. U'jall
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lack* H»...
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40-ti
Widxksday m„ March 10. 1875.
a
ku J 50
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ll'-MJ
6 ■* 7
llba...
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Janmos. ..
1 aeam do..
sgs..
60 (£86
60 @-
14 (WIS
13 <",.US
.... 8,v$ fcr
* 24x35. 13 all
23x40. 13 fill
1 24x40. 14 ■"■]'
8,24x40.... 14 (si In
ndM.. . 16 'al!7
'KKD uooiw.
1« Fruits
ft cans 2 1 0 a 2 75
trie do.. .3 00 9375
Jellies ]'U a 4 00
Mr... - @ 3 2\
:a.or tioxl 80 a 1 90
f boies.3 20 <g
l A I . — Juhhl us.
ian,?Uon 10 50 *l J 50
ay aiO OH
ham Bay. 3 8 50
{« 10 50
■I'd.cks.. aiKOO
balk. ..16 00 ml 50
.bio 6 25 <§& 50
, — an 00
...1 10 50 0U 50
artley .... — &14 00
2)12 00
>n WlJ 50
ver's Ial..ll 00 ill 50
al.V--H... i5a -
Ibbl - § 60
COFFEE.
ch Inland — \>> 22
Lie* per ft 23
1 In ca. .
20 3 J J
- <-; 26,'
20 a 21
KINK.
r Ood.acw i V3
6 9
neleas.... 8!^a
Ood V~*M
10
iiDbbla.,9 00 @9 50
S bbla4 50 ©5 50
2'nlbeiiQs — ©2 80
Xft cu.ua. .2 50 'oj'J 60
1ft oaoa.l 50 ai "5
E. «b...5 00 ah 51)
bblB.22
,'od
.22 00 M
, _ lallOO oil -
• Im'k'dHer'KJO i5j 50
T.No.l,^bl»9 00 @ll 00
Fitra.... — @12 00
in kits. ...2 00 •a.l so
Ex mean. .3 U0 @3 50
Exmess.Hba—913 00
■errV.bi,. 3 00 @ 3 50
\AIL».
Size. lb. 5 37^@7 50
OILS.
, 01 ne Co
[F'tNo. l.
(Oil. No. 1..
I do No. 2..
d. raw 95
boiled 1 0U
nu! in 08.. —
, crude..,. —
bleached. .1 90
Whales... 47M*$
refined... ^ — (5
all 15
Karaka 20
Devue'a Petro'm 25
Barrel kcroMDe —
Ollre —
Downer Keroee'c 35
(Jaa Usbt Oil.... 23
PAINT*.
Pure White Lead 10'» ©ll.'i
l.l ai3S;Woitin« — I
*""ai3 Potty 4 •
Obalk —
Harie White 1\
Ochre 3 i
Veoetian Red... 3'a
Red Lead 10
Litharge
Eng. Vermillion
KICK.
China. No. 1, ft ft 6H
do 2. do. fi'4
J apao K
Siam Cleaned... 7
Patna 6H
Hawaiian 8
>aroUna 10
SALT.
Ual. Bay, per ton 10 00(313 00
do Common.. 5 00(5ilU 00
,'annoo Island. .13 OOqiH 00
'iiverpool fine. ..23 00.324 00
do coarse20 00a
SOAP.
Castile US. 10 @ 13
Common brands.. 5 ■oik1
Fancy do .. 7 @ 10
SPICKS.
Olotea 50 @ 55
Oaaeia 26 gl 27
Citron 33 '"
NutmeK 1 20
Whole Pepper... 23 a,
Pimento — Si
Or'nd AlUpprdz — @1
do Catiaiado.. — al
do Cloves do.. — Ml
do Mnstard do — a)
do Oingerdo.. — @1
do Pepper do.. — @1
do Mace do.. . — "K
8DOAB, ETC.
Ual.Cnbeper lb.. W4®
Partz' Pro. Cube
bblorlOOftbxe — @
do in 50 lb bxd.. — <<u
do in 25 ft bxe. — m
Circle A crushed — a
Powdered — (3
Fine crushed... — &
Oranalatea — a
Golden O — a
M'awaiian 8 a
Oaliromia Beet. lO'j a,
Ual. tiy ru p in dIo. — a,
d j in S bis. — a
do t to kees.. — a
Hawaiian Molaa-
25 @
TEA.
Oolong,Canton,Ib 19
do Amoy... 28
do Formosa 40
Imperial. Canton 25
do Pings uey 45
do Moyuno . 60
Gnnpo'der.Oant. 30
do Pingsney 50
do Jloyune. 65
V'ng Hy.. Canton 28
do Pingsuey
do Moyune..
Japan, '; chests,
bulk
Japan, lacquered
bis.i'a u-nd 5 0):
m 50
a 60
40
80
1 00
tin
90
1 25
40
66 'ai 35
30 @ 75
Japan do. J ft bxs
do pl'nbx,4^ft _-
do feAl lb paper 30 „
TOBACCO— J «bbl nit.
Bright Navys... ""
Dark do ...
Dw ii ( Twist...
Liight PreBsed..
Hard do
Conn. Wrap'r...
Penn. Wrapper.
Ohio do ..15
Virgi'aSmok'g.. 45
Fine ot che'g,gr..8 50
Fine cut chew-
ing, buc'ts.$ ft.. 75
Banner fine cut... 9 wi-a. 4 90
Eorek;t Cala — (d,9 25
TCBPENT1ME. Go
Eastern 52'*'a,55
LEATHER.
The Mining and Scientific Press
[EanrABUSHED in San Fkascuco, 1880.]
1m thi letdini luluinx Journal id Amerlcs, and eDjoyg
a large circulation among the more Intelligent opera.
torn and worker* In the gold field* of the world.
Aa a scientific and ru.chanical representative of the
Patifi^ Coat, it In decidedly popular and a standard
Journal with the most thrifty Industrial people of the
PactftofHatMwnd ToarltoriW. ItB authority hi of the
highest order, and ita uaefuloeaH In its Kpecial sphere
unrivalled.
Every public library, mining engineer, metallurgist,
mining operator and intelligent mechanic and manufac-
un-r will find profit hy its reading.
BobMrlptloB, ft a year, lu advance. Sample copies
post paid, 10 cents. As an
ADVERTISING
Medium for the Pacific Coast, It is superior to any oth
cr Journal for all kinds of mining and hydraulic ma-
chinery and other mechanical work, building materials,
nuw manufactures and inventions. Our rates are very
reasonable compared with those of other firBt-clBFa
journals. DEW»V& CO.. Publishers
224 Sansome street, Sau Francisco.
Our Agents.
Oub FnuiNDs can do much In aid of our paper and the
canse of practical knowledge and science, hy assisting
Agents In their labors of oanTasslng, by lending tier
influence and encouraging favors. We intend to send
none but worthy men.
J. L. Thabp— San Francisco.
B. W. i.'iinwkll — California.
A. C. Champion — Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties.
1>. J. James — Australian Colonies.
J. 0. Ewino — Contra Costa County.
John Rosxban— Sonoma County.
J.W.Riley — San Joaquin and StanHslaus Counties.
W. C. Qoinby, Eastern and Western States.
P. M. Dunn — Yolo and Colusa County.
B. E. Lloyd— Alameda County.
B. ti Godwin -California.
A. C Kncx, Southern California.
O. W. McOrbw, Santa Clara county.
L. P. McCabtx, California.
The Scientific Press.— This valuable journal entered
upon the seventeenth year of Its publication on the 4th
of July. The steady advance in character, that every
reader has noticed In the paper, renders It unnecessary
to make any splurge of Improvement, and the publish-
ers simply content themselves with the announcement
that they will continue to make their paper as interest-
ing as possible. That it is interesting to a large clans
of readers, the wide circulation and extensive influence
of the Press, is sufficient evidence. — Placer Argu*.
. D. Tost, San Francisco. H. S. CBoCKEB, Sacramento
H. S. CROCKER & CO.,
IMPORTING STATIONERS
— AND—
General Job Printers.
401 and 403 Sansome St. . B. 7-
PAKTICBLAB ATTENTION PAID TO
Manufacture of Blank Books.
BANK AND INSURANCE WORK
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23v8-3m-16p
him fatory.
QiLKa b. oaar. JA»«s m. >,*i , .
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In Hulldlntof Pacific Insurance Co.. N. E. corner «\ i-
'ornia an- Letdeadorfl street*.
* AN wRAffnigrVi
JOHN ROACH, Optician.
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. corner Sacramento.
(JOSEPH UlLLOTTS
STEEL PENS,
j Sold by all Dealers tliroun lion t the World.
WM, SABTLIfcO. HWUI aiMBALI
BARTLINO- & KIMBALL.
BOOKBINDEItW,
Paper Sulers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
■i03 Clay acreet. (southwest cor. Banaomo),
ftvU.Sm SAN KRANOISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney ai Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Offloe, 807 Sansome Street. S. F.
Befers to Dewey k Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydeafeldt or H. B. Eiight. evjs-:liu
banking.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF BAN FB AN CISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
O. W. KKLT.OGG President,
H. P. HASTINGS Manager.
B. N. VANBBUNT Cashier.
BANKING EOrjBE,
No. 423 California street, San FtanolROo.
Zountze Brothers, Baneehs,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Foot per cent, upor
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold. Silver and Lead
Bullion, and nake Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers. Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
Wednesday m., March 10, 1875.
anned Leather, V tt> .6a.2H
Oruz Leather, K* lb :ri"i2ii
j Leather, ft lb J4@'26
on Leather, "£ & 25(<i)3il
8 Kil.. perdoz *.50 00@ MOO
11 to iS Kil., perdoz 08 (HliS 79 00
14 to 19 Kil., perdoz Si 00@9J 00
, aeuond choice 11 to lb Kil. %t doz. .iT Wm .4 '.0
llian.12 to 1G Ko 67 00© 67 00
llian Females. 12 to 13 K3 0U@ 87 <H>
Ulan F. 'males. 14 to- 16 Kil 71 *<m 76 5"
i Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00® 0J U0
i Ullmii Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00a* 72 '0
i Ullmo Females. 10 to 17, Kil .73 00 4 75 00
IB Kil.,% doz 61 00fa> Itf 'Hi
-.20 Kil. % Aoz 66 OOia) 67 00
1.24 Kil. ^doz 72 00(§ 74 00
t Calf. 7 and 9 Kil 1 35 00(g) 40 00
Win Kips, V lb 1 00<a 1 15
NUtmia Kip, a doz 40 OOCq), F' W
'wih Shtep, all oolors, & doz 8 IKHty 15 00
ta.niaal! for Backs. & tb 1 00(5 1 25
ih » Roana for Topping, ail colora, V doz. ... 9 00@ 13 00
>Q > Roane for LininRa.a doz 6 50<$ 10 90
Ja jrnia Russett Sheup Lininga.. 1 "iWm 4 60
:" Jodoi. Uiilf Boot Legs, » pair 5 009 5 25
•c French Oalf Boot Legs, a pair 4 00(a) 4 75
JhOalf Boot Legs, ty pair 4 00@
esa Leather, ^ lib 30© 37>i
Bridle Leather, W doz...., 48 00® 72 00
■ing Leather, W lb 33lo) J7S
Leather, % doz 30 W& 50 00
Leather, Z\ foot 17@
Side Leather, * foot 17g
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and foot Rot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep-
Prevents scratching and greatly improves tue quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be Hufficient to dip one hundred sheep,
so that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will And that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according;
to directions, and to be vastly superior to CorroBlve
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore bten used by farmers.
Circulars sent, pOBt paid, upon application, giving
full directions for its use, also certificates* of promu.es t
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective ana reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tf t>. MAHE, Director.
[Mining: and other Companies
California Beet Sugar Company. — Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco,
California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment, levied on
the 2fith day of January, 1875, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Thomas S. Beckwith 34 250' $1,260
Thomas 8. Beckwith 88 42 210
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 26th day of January,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary will be sold at the office of the Com-
pany, No. 314 California street, San Francisco, on the
twenty-second day of March, 1875, at 1 o'clock, p. u. of
said day, to pay delinquent assessment, together with
oosts of advertising and expenses of the sale.
Office No. 314 California street, San Francisco, Cal
LOUIS FRANCONI, Secretary.
Confidence Mining Company.— Location
of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal.
Location of works, Tuolumne county, State of Cali-
fornia.
Hotice.— There are delinquent upon the following
■described stock, on account of assessment levied on the
l/6th-dayof January, 1875, the several amounts set op-
posite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
*amesBell 38 338 ' $101 40
And in accordance with law, and an 'order of the
Board<otf Trustees, made on the 16th day of January,
1875, so nsony shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Company, 210 Battery street, San Francisco,
California, on the 17th day of March, 1S76, at the hour
of two o'cloclk p. m., of saia day, to pay said delinquent
assessmenttberton, together with cotts of advertising
and expensee of sale. W. S. ANDERSON, Sec'y.
Office, 210 Battery Btreet, San Francisco, Cal.
Cordillera Mining Company— Location of
Works, ChStuuahua, Morellos Mining District, Mex-
ico.
The annual meeting of the stockholders for the
electioo of TrattteeB and other busineBB will be held at
the office of the company. No. 321 Washington Btreet,
on Monday, tftie 15th inst., at 3}tf p. m. By order of the
Trustees. HENRY R. REED, Secrelary.
April, IrTiA, to par the delinquent a'scs^ment, together
With oosta of ailvertlMnt nod vxpeoaefl of sale.
T. B Wf Nt.AUD, Secretary.
Office-Room 13, No. XIS California street, San Francisco
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
pany— Location of. principal place of bm-iness. City
and County of San Francisco, ftate of Califurnlu.
Location of works. Cherry Creek HinLng District,
White Pine County, Slate of Nevada.
Notice— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account ni aHr>ettsment No. 4, levied
00 th<.' aeoond day of January, 1675, the Hevi/ral amounts
set oppOMitf- the names of the respective sharehuldcrn,
as follows:
Nanien, No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
George W Bibbens 5 300 $Cu 00
1 r Mllllken, Trustee 9 500 1U0 01
I T Mtllilaen. Trustee 10 78 15 00
1 T Milllken. Trustee 20 2079 416 80
I T Milllkeu, Trubtee 48 625 125 00
I T llillilien, Trustee 67 100 20 00
I T Milliken, Tri'steo 88 1000 200 00
I T MiJliken, Trustee 92 2000 400 00
IT Milliken.TrusU-e 93 1800 360 0O
I T Milllkeu, Trustee M 741 148 2l>
I TMllliken, Trustee 105 600 100 00
I T Mil liken, Trustee 106 500 joo 00
I T Milllkeu, Trustee 107 600 mo 00
I T Milllken, Trustee 108 5.i0 10U 00
I T Milllkeu, Trustee 109 000 100 00
I T Milllken, Trustee 110 600 100 0j
1 T Mfllikeu, Trustee Ill 600 100 00
I T Miilfken, Trustee 123 2000 400 00
I T Milllken, Trustee 126 2000 400 00
Charles Cumden 23 312 62 40
Charles Cuniden 43 1250 250 00
RobTt Merrill 24 1000 200 00
M W Kules. Trustee 99 600 100 00
M W Kales, Trustee 100 600 100 00
M W Kales, TruBtee 101 500 100 00
M W Kales, Trustee 102 600 100 00
James T Maclean 26 145 29 00
James T Maclean 30 750 160 00
James T Maclean 37 125 25 00
James T Maclean 38 125 25 00
James T Maclean 39 v 125 25 00
James T Maclean 40 125 26 00
JB Stanford 95 250 60 00
HBarroilhet 32 1250 250 00
Robert McBeth 34 1260 250 00
D MKenfleld 36 1250 250 00
Geo F GelBse 41 1250 250 00
SMTheall 47 625 125 00
Jeremiah Callaghan 53 625 126 00
D WDouthitt 57 600 100 00
Geo Treat, Trustee 04 1000 200 00
Geo Treat, Trustee 66 100 20 00
J W Phillips, Trustee 66 100 20 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the eeeond day of Feb-
ruary ,1875, so many shares of each parcel of such stock
as may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at
the office of the company, room 14, 302 Montgomery
street, San Francisco, on Wednesday, the thirty-first day
of March, 1876, at the hour of 12 o'clock, ic, of such
day, to pay delinquent assessments thereon, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of the* sale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary
Office, 302 Montgomery street, room 14, San Fran-
cIbco, Cal.
Electric Mining Company — Principal
Elace of business, San Francisco, State of California,
location of works, Lincoln Mining District, Butte
County, California.
.Notice is herebv given, that at a meeting of the Board
o£ Directors. iwMl on the 16th day of February, 1875, an
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon the
capital etock of t&e corporation, payable Immediately In
United States go Id and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock uiuin which this &&s< ssment Bholl remain un-
?ftid on the2id day of March 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
15 made before, will be sold on Monday, the 12th day of
Keystone Quartz Mining Company — Prin-
cipal place of business, San Francisco, California. Lo-
cation of works, Butte Township, Sierra countv, Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that ata meeting of the Directo- s,
held on the 8ih day of March, 1875, an assessment (No. 4) of
one dollar ($1) per share was levied upon the capital ateck
of the corporation, payable immediately, in United Stales
gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the company,
northwest (.orner Pine and Sao ome street", San Francisco,
California.
Any Btock upon which this assessment ihall remain un-
paid on the 19th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th day of
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS VESARIA, Secretary.
Office, Northwest corner Pine and SanBome streets, San
Francisco, California.
Manhattan Marble Company of Califor-
nia. Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, California. Location of works, Oakland,
Alameda County, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent npon the following
described stoek, on account of assessment levied
on the 8th day of January, 1875, the several amounts
Bet opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
EPFlint.... 299 5 $10 00
C Beach 75 26 60 00
C Beach 76 25 50 00
0 Beach 77 26 50 00
C Beach 78 25 60 00
C Beach 79 19 38 00
0 0 Tripp, Trustee 160 10 20 00
LEDam 190 10 20 00
L E Dam 197 10 20 00
L EDam 199 10 20 00
Mrs Matilda Dam 211 20 40 00
Mutxav Curtis 230 10 20 l 0
W H Hasscom 296 60 120 00
WHHanscom 297 69 118 00
WHfianscom 298 62 104 00
Jaines L Barker 301 60 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 8th day of January,
1875, bo many shares of each parcel of such Btock as
may be necessary, will be sola at the office of the com-
pany, 13 and 15 Fremont Btreet, San Franciaco, Califor-
nia, on the 13th day of March, 1875, at 12 o'clock, M.,of
such day, to pay delinquent BBBessmentB tberoon, to-
gether with costs of advertising aod expenses of the
L. L. ALEXANDER, Secretary.
Office — 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Princi-
pal place of business, San Francisco, State of Califor-
nia. Location or works, Kearsarge Mining District,
Inyo County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that ata meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 17th day of February, 1875, an
itssesament of five cents per share was levied npon the
capital Btock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any i-tock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the IV th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, uml. nnlesn pa\ ment
is made before, will be sold on Thursday, the 17th day of
June, 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Offlee— Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Franoisco
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company.
Principal place of business, ci'y and countv of San Fran-
ciH'O, stat o of California. Location of works, Tuolumne
county, Stat.' of California,
■ Notice Is hereby given, thnt at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 23d day ol February, 18 5. an assess-
ment of twenty (20) cents per share was levied npon the
card al stock of the corporation, payable immediately in
United Mti ten £old coin, to the Secretary, at the office of
the company, room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Any stock upon which thi* assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 2Ato day of March, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unlesn payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the seventeenth
(17th) day of April, 1876, t<> pay the delinquent asseBBment,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San Franoisco
California.
174
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 13, ii
Iron and JVtachijie hh
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 125 Beale Street. SAN FBANOIBGO
3E\ I. CURRY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER,
SHEET IRON "WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17v25-3m
THE RI&jTDOIV
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL f 51,000.000.
LOCATION OF -WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAH FBAKCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationa. y ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light aud heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm, Norris,
Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLane,
■Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
2-ivl7-qy
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
HAimrAOTOKSss or
& TKA.M E IV G I IVES,
Quartz, Flour and. Saw Mills*
fit tyea' Improved Stetioi rump, Ilrodle'i Iin
proved Crmher, Mining: Pnmpi,
A.mfblffaini&tors, and all kinds
of Machinery.
N. E. corner ef Tehama and Fremont Btreeta, above How*
street, 8*o Francisco. 3-qy
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Feemont Stbeet, San Fbanokco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. HouBe
Frontg,Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
strue ted at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash "Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Saeraniento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
XAFUrAOTUKKRS o7
BTEAM ENGINES, BOILERS,
Dunbar's Patent Self- Adjusting: Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all bind* of Mining Mt.clilnery.
Front »tr««t, between N uud O ttr«ei»,
Sacramento Crrr,
G. W. PBESCOTT. I "W. R. Ecka*t.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVLLLE, _-- fjAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisting Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts. Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. Sv28-Iy
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, bet. Howard and F«lsom, Son Francisco.
Maohinery and Castings of all kinds.
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Eock Drill Comoany.
— MANUFACTURERS OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
t
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting, Putnam Ma-
i chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PABKt
21v28-3m-hd
«jfc LAC¥,
310 California St., S. F.
ft CENTS fOJpE.
ft- ... rPl ' f ^ **.
i'\£i^iR- T 1^§pT?f'v£2 SYSTEMATIC
: °NtENTRATlON
iW&®fc
^ «0».5TINQ CYLINDERS
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont & Natoma
streets, S- F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use.
t&" SEND FOR CIRCULAR
Occidental Foundry ,
137 and 139 Fikst Street, - • San Fbahqxk
STEIGER
IRON FOUNDERS
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at Bhort notft
Sole manufacturers of tlie Hepburn Roller Pa'
and Callahan Grate Bars, buitable for Burnu
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Suj
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v2G.3m>
N. B. — Also manufacturer of Booker's Deep Well and Double-Actlng Force Pump.
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G. & H. BARNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nos. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
SSSIEET IROIV JPIFE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars . These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and hoi — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
tST All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v52-3m
JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
{Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL HIND 3 OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, San Francisco. 4v2*ly
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St.,
Near Howard. - - - SAN FBANOISCO.
MA^UFACTTJBEBS OF
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B. — Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX &. CO.,,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN ERANCISCI
Manufactubs
Iron Castings and ltfachmer
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pain
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEB
SEES, &c.
Haying much experience in the business of the I
duotion of Ores, we are prepared to advise, unde
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works asi
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.;
Jho. P.Rankdi. Established 1850. A.P.Braym
Pacific Iron Works,
First Street, ... Sah Franobo
Geo. VT. Fog-e, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTING
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationa
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRINQ WORK OF EVE!
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-'
GODDARD & CO., Prop
'
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company.
8AN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROft
■ — AND —
Kvery Variety at Shaitintr-
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat 8h«Xt", Oriinki, riitoo and Cor..
netting Bodi.Cnrand Locomotive AiIm
and Framei
— ALSO —
HAMMERED I HOW
Of svery description and size
o»- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MUX
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Francisco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
gy- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
California Mach Ine Works
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANOISOO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILI
Keating-'s Sack Printing: Presses.
The Economy; Htdraulio Hoist foe Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-S
CALIFORNIA BRASS F0UNDR
Xo. 1S5 First street, opposite Minim,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all KixDsof Brass, Composition. Zinc, and Babbitt Me f '
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kindo, Spikes, Shoatm
Nails, Kudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bellsa
Gongs of superior tone. All fcindsof Cocks and Valves,!
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Conn
tlons of all sizes and patterns, furnished with diapat<
*J- PRICES MODERATE. -«3»
J. H. WEED. V. KTNrtWELL.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA EOTJrVDRY.
129 and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howa
San Fritncisco.
LIGHT AND HEAVI CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 2*W6a
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
U O I L E R MAKER*:
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard et. , between Fremont and Beale, San Francisoo
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing C
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate In
Boiler Fines, Gasand Water Pipe, Oast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 ft 24 Fremont St., 8. 1
m6-m2
t
ch 13, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
175
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREAD WeLL & Co. Machinery Depot, San Francisco-
-j.
fqbmia Planer and Matches Is got
■om new pattern* specially for this
It bu Cut Steel Slotted Cylinder H. ad.
In patent self oiling boxes; Hatcher
also of the best cawt steel. The Gears
protected with Iron covers. Will plane
wide and 6 In. thick, and tongue and
14 In . wide. WI1 1 make rustic
Li-k gutt'-rn. or heavy mouldings, etc., and
|t«*t Job Machine ever built.
fe have alwayx on hand a large assort-
if Planing Mill Machinery, all of the latest
veawnw. including Planers, Moulding,
lOgand IVnoning Machines, Band and Jig
\c, kc. Send for Catalogues and prices.
TREADWELL & CO.,
x>wf-t San Francisco*
Iron Working Machinery-
Adjustable Saw Quaffs
Foot Power
lmpiovMa Saw Arbors-
Jig- baws
2¥X3?*X.Jfr
ji n n_j_fi__n__JL
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Improved Band Saws-
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
tod FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for the bust
r SATVS .
great National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1871, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
1 fcave made special Khippiog arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Coast. ayONLY SEVKN DAYS BY Mitt FROM SAN FRANCISCO. -^H Send your addreBH for a full
Of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of saws that jou UBe, with the thickness, size and
1 int yoa use, and specify such as you will require within the next GO days. We will guarantee to furnish
th saws tbat have no equal In quality, and at prices that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
VERY IMPORTANT
TO MINERS AND MILL MEN.
er-Plated Copper Amalgamating Plates for Saving Gold,
Of all Sizes and in any Quantity, Furnished to Order.
FULL INBTK.TJCTINS SENT FOR OPERATING THESE PLATES.
< ifty prominent Mills and Mines have already been furnished with these plates. Particular attention given
to plating goods for Buidera, Plumbers, etc. Hotel and XieBtaurant work replated.
SAN FRANCISCO GOLD AND SILVER PLATING WORKS,
6:) and 655 Mission Street* ------ SAN FRANCISCO
E. G. DENNITON, Proprietor-
Mrta-lam-am
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
THESDA MINEEAlTsPKING WATEE
Of" Waukesha, Wisconsin.
s claim Bethesda to be a specific in all cases of Diabetes Inflammation of the Kidneys, Inflarrmation of
ck of the Bladder and Urethra, Inflammation of the Bladder, Dropsy, Gouty Swellings, Stoppage of Urine,
» lenuria. Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Dust Deposit; Thick, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine,
lone Duet Deposits; Burning Sensation with Sharp Pains when voiding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys,
Q the Kidneys and Loins, Torpid Liver Indigestion, Calculus, and Female Weakness.
lere is no remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases as effectually as Bethesda
. This fact has been demonstrated wherever the water has been used according to directions, which can
I at the General Agentu' by application to them. The water is Bweet and pleasant to the taste. It can be
at all hours. Why should any one suffer while this Water is bo eaBily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
27-«ow-bp.3m 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FRANCISCO.
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPS & MAXWELL WIFGr. CO.,
Hamilton. Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, III.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
(PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Suptt. of Quart* Mills and Mining Men generally:
We take pleasure In stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our PittBburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of rteel and it the
same timo produce Shoes and Dieb superior to any yet
manufactured. We huve consequently reduced the
price to ltf cents per pound and solicit atrial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find thorn at least 10 per
\ cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel.
' Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dles which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of beiug tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in me. in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to Iron in
every reBpect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and clappings, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takesSO days to rill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco^ Terms liberal.
Address all orders, "with dimensions, to
i 29-3m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Boom 1, Academy Building, S F.
BAILEY'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE PLANES.
THIBTY DIFFERENT STYLES.
Smooth, Jack, Fore, Jointer, Block and Circular Planes.
MANUFACTURED OF BOTH
I It O IV AND WOOD.
STANLEY BXTLE AND LEVEL COMPANY.
Factories: New Britain, Conn. Warerooms: 35 Chambers Street, New York.
FOR ■ SAJ-J3 BY ALL HARDWARE DEALERS.
■y Send for descriptive Circulars, embracing a full assortment of Improved Tools.
21v28-l«m-ly
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE
AND MILL CO.
30, 32 & 34 Spear St.
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors.
Manufacturers of
WATER TANKS. SHIP
TANKS, MINING
WORK,
WINE, BEER AND LIQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
Cooperage and Tank*, Steamed
and Uried Before or After
Manufacture at Reason-
able Rates.
Sawing:, Planing-, etc-
at Short Notice.
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANOITACTUIIEHB OF
T '\\1' "P1 If f^* T j ' SS
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBINF
WATEE WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Plumes,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PEICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED.
For Satisfaction it has no equal.
Address, or Call on LEPrEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. J?
dSTSend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price LiBt-sent free
HORIZONTAL FLUME,
Patented April 1, 1673.
MINING' AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 13, 1875
*THE "HOADLEY" PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE!
The above cuts represent the new style "HOADLEY" variable cutoff 15 Horse-Power Portable Engine. We have same style and cize mounted on
wheels as a Threshing Engine for the Russell End-shake Separator. We have all sizes from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES need
'no recommendation from us. We have sold them in California for 20 years, and every year has added to their' improvements. The last great Improve- .
ment jBthe Cut-off Governor, thus giving them all the economy and increased power of the most thorough built stationary engine.
W^Millmen, Mine-owners and Mining Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of the!
* HOADLEY " before purchasing. Circulars and prices Bent free on appplication. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
N. W. SPATTLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANUFAOTUBKB OF
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most da able and economi
cul Saws in the Woi ,d.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect.
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
BAIRD'S
FOB PRACTICAL Hi
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTI-
CAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 8vo., will be
sent free of postage, to any one who will favor me with
his address. HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
16p Philadelphia.
Cazin's Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator— One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recent
applications.]
Containing a sizing apparatus, {revolving screen) de-
livering two or lour sizes of ore to two or four rows of
sieves, each tow independent of the other, and each
having 5 sieves, each row concentrating according to
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unto
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery of
separated materials, worbing 2d and 3d-clasb ores into
let-class ores of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly sep-
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any other
lode matter; — galena and silver sulph'urets from
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyrites from quartz.
Added to a battery of stamps these machineB consti-
tute a full system of ore concentration, sufficient in
most cases for the requirements of western mines, with
a capacity of 15 or 20 tons per 21 hours.
Folparticulars apply to,
F. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting Co
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2225, or corner of
Blake and 32d itreetB. ag8-16p
QUIOKSILVBE,.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining akd Scientist Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented Novembeb 25th, 1873.
Randol and Fiedler's quicksilver condensers,
MADE OP WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Press, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QlJICKsilLVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific PEE68, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3m F FIEDLER, New Almaden, C a
GIANT POWDEE.
Patented May 2G, 1868.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIAISTT POWDER, 3VO- 1,
For hard and -wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, ISTO, 53,
For medium and Beamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and G-ravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc,
ItB EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
t&~ The only Blasting Powder uBed in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3m!6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL 1874,
VALUABLE STANDARD WORKS.
NYSTROM'S MECHANICS.
A Poeket-Book of Mechanics and Engineering. Con-
taining a Memo:andum of Facts and Connection of
Practice and Theory. By John W. Nystrom, C. E.
Eleventh edition. Revised and greatly enlarged by
the addition of valuable original matter. Foxly
Illustbated. 16mo. Pocket-Book form. Gilt edges.
$3.50.
"Nothing seems to be wanting which an engineer
expects to find in his pocket-book. The tables are
more than ordinarily complete."— Eclectic Engineering
Magazine.
TABLES OF MINERALS.
TableB for the Determination of Minerals by their
Physical Properties. Translated from the German of
Welsbacb. Enlarged and furnished with a Set of
Mineral Formulas, a Column of Specific Gravities,
and one of the Characteristic Blowpipe Reactions.
By Peksifob Frazeh. Jr., A. M., Member of the
American Philosophical Society, etc. 12mo. Roan
limp $2 .00. y . ■ ,.
"We have here an exceedingly useful and compendi-
ous guide for explorers, who frequently have to pro-
nounce on substances in situ, where no laboratory is at
hand. The eminent author giveB many new lights on
classification, and hiB aim has been throughout to
render the science of mineralogy as clear and access-
ible as its complicated nature will permit. The trans-
lator's work has been done faithfully and intelligently. '
— Scientific American. _ . - *
For sale by Booksellers generally, or will be sent by
mail postpaid on receipt of the price by
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publisher's,
715 and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia.
PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS,
SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacturers of
Linseed and Oaestor Oils,
OIL CASES AND MEAL,
Highest price paid for Flax Seed and Castor BeanB de
llvered at our works.
Oflloe, 3 and 6 Frontstreet.
Works, King street, bet. Second and Third. fel5-eow
W. T. G-ARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
&IANUFACTU11BF.3 OF
Brass, Zinc aad Anti-Priction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TlTF.KX AND LA.STD BELLS, OOXU8,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
GlobeB, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes,
particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt'B Patent Improved Journal Metal."
^"Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS ;-
W. BREDEMEYER, .
MINING,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt Li&Ite, XT. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of Bhafts. P. O. Box 1157.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizeB— from 2 to 60-Horae power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, HoiBting Machinery, Shafting,
lion Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J- HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
The higheBt and only prize of its clans given to anjij
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES .AND B0ILERS.W
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION, J
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
Office of Drain Pipe Works.
S. "W. Corner Sac
ramento and
Mgntg orn-
ery Sts.,
S. E.
DRAINS
CONSTRUCTED
In any part of the
State, and
Work Warranted.
E. T.MENOMY,
Proprietor,
eow-bp-1 yr
A
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description see Mining and Scientific Pees
March 6, 1875.
For Cleaning: Quicksilver Before Using:
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Qnic *;,
Bilver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IRON WORKS, San FranciacO.
It!*
-.
%
Sutter Creek, February 26th, 1876
Messes. Dewey & Co.— I have received my Lett*
Patent through your agency. And, for your prom
ness, accept my thanks. Yours, S. N. Hmight.
f
An Illustrated Journal of
BY D£3WKt Ai
Patent «-ioll<Ml«
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. MARCH 20, 1875.
VOLUME XAS
number 13.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
Wo. 1?.
The Grizzly.
This woid in the strange nomenclature of
he California miner menus a grate or frume-
rork of parallel iron bars, with interstices,
rhieh is used here and there in the line of
loice boxes to throw large pebbles or stones
at, and to permit each particles only as can
ass easily through the interstices between the
ron bars to be carried farther along in the
luice boxes. Wherever a grizzly is applied, a
rop of a few feet is necessary; since the mate
•rial which can pass through must be collected
a a box below and thence carried away by a
jwer section of sluice boxes. The construc-
ion of grizzlies is of use only where the stones
o be discharged over the grizzly can be thrown
own a steep embankment. When this is the
ase, the sluice boxes can bo relieved of a great
[U&ntity of useless material.
To illustrate, we will suppose that a preoi-
ice of 40 or 50 feet exists close to a drop box,
that any material thrown outside of this
ox would tumble down the precipice. This
ould give a favorable chance to apply a griz-
y, which would have to be done by attach-
, frame work of Btrong iron bars, con-
Binned iron rails are excellent, to the bottom
the sluice box, which discharges its contents
lto the drop box, and to lend ibis grate with
fall of about 30 degrees across the drop box
id toward tbe preoipiee.
The iron bars or rails would have to run the
,11 width of the sluice box, six inches apart
id parallel with each other, towards the prec-
iice, and all bowlders larger than six inches
diameter would be discharged. On both
des of this graling planks must be fixed to
■event any of the stones from escaping side-
ays.
Hydraulic Nozzles.
The observant miner early perceived that if a
srtain amount of gravel could be washed with
certain quantity of water, double the
aantity of water would wash from
tree to four times as much gravel without in-
casing the expense for labor in proportion.
jreater quantities of water and enlarged hy-
raulic nozzles were therefore introduced, and
ie latter became very soon the object of in-
mtive apecalation, which resulted in the suc-
sssful production of the very ingenious hy-
raulic machines.
The first improvement was a flexible iron
ant, Fig. 1, formed of two elbows, working
ie over the other, with a coupling joint be-
reen them. These elbows were called goose-
acks.
i This invention was a decided improvement,
lough it showed some serious defects. The
Mupt turn of the elbow broke the force of the
ater to a great extent; the upward pressure
iade the joint c, hard to move, and when the
ipe was tamed horizontally the hose part
lonld often bend a little too far and the reac-
ion would cause the pipe to "buck" or fly
jround in -a contrary direction. The same re-
gion would also ofteu occur in elevating or
spressing the pipe.
The next improvement was Craig's Globe
[onitor, Fig. 2. This invention consists of a
allow ball or globe, with an opening on one
de, into which enters the main supply pipe,
ad one on top, out of which an elbow joint
rotrudrs. One end of this elbow is attached
) a socket which revolves on the interior of
ie globe, and at the same time creates a water
ght joint. This joint enables the operator to
lauge the direction of the stream from point
> point at pleasure. To the other end of the
bow is attached the discharge pipe, which
iay be of any size desired. The ball revolves
atirely round horizontally, and up or down at
a angle of about 40 degrees.
The next mHCbine introduced was Hosbin's
'ictator, in which the parts constituting the
>int work with an external instead of an inter-
al connection; that is, the pressure of the
ater, instead of forcing the parts of the joints
igether, tends to force them apart, and the
joint, to keep it from leaking, is provided with
-iii elastic packing. Both rotary and vertical
motions are facilitated by the peculiar construc-
tion, wheels reducing the frictiou on the for-
mer, nnd the later turning on pivots. This
joint is still much used; the only objections to
it is tbe unnecessary Iops of power on account
of the elbows being too abrupt.
Another machiue under the name of Wat-
son's Champion, similar in design to the last
Fig. I.
the rolls themselves. A piece of rubber packing
placed between the flanges of top and bottom
elbows, makes the joint tight by the pressure of
the water against the ring. In the outlet or
top elbow is a knuckle joint, which permits the
up-and-down motion of the discbarge pipe. It
is a concave surface fitted to a convex one; the
concave has an opening for the pipe to pass
through. The pipe is screwed into the convex
surface and wilt move up and down, while the
Fig. VI.
Goose-neck. A B, Elbow; C, Joint; D, Pieoe of
Hose; E, Discharge Pipe.
Fig. II.
Little Giant, Rifle or Radial
Plate.
Craig-'s Globe Monitor.
Fig. HI.
Fig. TV.
Hoskin's Little Giant.
Fisher's Knuckle-joint and Nozzle.
Fig. V.
Little Giant, Section. A, Joint for Horizontal Motion; B, ditto fo r Depression or Eleva-
tion; C, Balanoe-toox to keep Pipe in Place; D. B, Bolts.
mentioned, was introduced, but denounced as
an infringement on the Dictator, and put under
injunction.
Another new machine entered the field under
the name of Knuckle-Joint and Nozzle, Fig. 3,
invented by Mr. F.Fisher, of Nevada county,
California, consisting of two elbows, placed in
reverse posit;on when standing in right line,.
but made to revolve by a ring in which there
is a series of anti-friction rolls, the ring being
slipped down over the top of the lower elbow,
and then held in its place by a flange bolted to
the top of the lower elbow. The ring is then
bolted to a flinge on the top elbow, thereby
connecting the two, and at the same time leav-
ing the top elbow free to move around in a com-
plete circle. When the water is let into the el-
bow the pressure biings the rolls in the ring
up against the flange on top of the bottom el-
bow, allowing the top elbow to move around
easily and without any friction, except that of
concave one U bolted firmly to the flange on
the top elbow.
The elbow and knuckle joint are made of
cast iron from five-eighths to three-fourths of
an inch thick. The discharge pipe is made of
No. 16 iron, eight feet long, with cast iron noz-
zle. The machine is operated by a lever 10 or
12 feet long, with two arms, and attached to
the top elbow by trunnions. A lever is pivoted
to tbe top of the upper elbow and attached on
one end to the discharge pipe by a strap inclos-
ing the pipe, and provided with two rolls on
tbe top'for the lever to slip on. At the other
end it is connected with the operating lever by
a short upright lever, made to work loose on
it's joints. Thus the up-aud-down motion is
imparted to the discharge pipe by the rise and
fall of the operating lever. By moving it to
the right or left the whole machine, except the
bottom elbow, is moved. A little device is at-
tached to the lever to hold the diseharge pipe
in position when the water is off. It is a catch
working in a ratchet on the top elbow, attached
by a rod running out on the lever, so that the
operator can put it in or out as the case may be.
The pipe stands firmly in place when the
water is on; the operator, standing at the end
of the lever, can easily direct the stream to
any point — good execution being done at a dis-
tance of 200 feet from the bank, thus securing
sa'ety of life from oaves, which are so frequent
and so often fatal, where small streams are
used against high banks. These machines are
made to throw streams of from four to seven
inches in diameter.
The Little Giant, Figs. 4 and 5, invented by
Mr. E. Hoskin, of Dutch Flat, Placer county,
is claimed to combine all the requisites of the
hydraulic nozzle.
Simple in its arrangement, it is easily man-
aged, and an additional pressure of water does
not interfere with its motion, as the connec-
tions, or joints, instead of being forced togeth-
er, are forced apart by Buch a pressure. The
avoidance of abrupt angles in its construction
makes the Little Giant approach nearer to the
straight line than any other hydraulic machine
so far introduced. Upon the strength of this
fact, it is claimed, and apparently with good
reason, that less resistance is offered to the
flow of water by the Little Giant than by any
other hydraulic apparatus, and that byit, there-
fore, not only a greater quantity of water, but
also a far more powerful stream can be dis-
charged.
The joints, being packed with leather, are de-
pendent on the packing for tightness, and are
thus preserved from wearing or grinding out.
To preyent this rotary motion of the water,
produced whenever the elbows are turned dif-
ferent ways, the "rifle," Fig. 6, composed of
radial plates, is inserted in the discharge pipe.
These plates force the water to issue in a
straight line from the discharge pipe, and thus
prevent the scattering or breaking up of the
stream, on the solid and columnar shape of
which so much of its effectiveness depends.
The Little Giant has been worked with six-
inch nozzle under a pressure of 435 feet.
Condensed from an article by OharleB "Waldeyer, of
the last Annual Report of the TJ. S. Commissioner of
Mining StatistieB.
The Botany of California.
When the work of the State Geological Sur-
vey was suspended by the Legislature, no pro-
vision was made for the publication of what
had been gathered in the department of bot-
any. A good deal of labor had been done in
this direction, and there was great disappoint-
ment when it was learned that the matter
would not be published, for want of means.
Since the survey was suspended, several efforts
have been made to publish the material, and
the last one was successful. Prof. Gilman,
late President of the State University, with the
co-operation of other citizens, has received
subscriptions to the amount of $5,000 for this
purpose.
Tnis iB cause of great congratulation, as the
California flora develops Borne characteristic
species novel and interesting, exciting the at-
tention of all students of botanical science.
The publication is now secured through the
exertions of Prof. Gilman, at whose request
the following named gentlemen have contrib-
uted the necessary funds to stereotype the
work: Leland Stanford, Henry Pierce, R. B.
Woodward, Lloyd Tevis, D. O. MillB, J. C.
Flood, John O. Earl, Wm. Norris and Charles
McLaughlin. These gentleman are not known
to be scientists and do not appear to be act-
uated by any special or personal motive. Hon-
orable mention should also be made of Profes-
sors J. B. Whitney, Asa Gray, and Watson of
Harvard University, and especially of Prof.
W. H. Brewer, of Yale College, for their per-
sonal devotion to this work, without any
pecuniary compensation.
At last pay-day, the miners of the Crown
Point mine contributed $921.50, the Belcher,
,39,60, and other sources $119 -- total,
$1,280— for the widow and family of Mr. Mc-
Laughlin, formerly a miner in the Crowm
Point, who died some two weeks ago.
178
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March *0, 1875
CORRESPONDENCE.
Mexican Mines.
The Native Silver District of Morelos, State of
Chihuahua, Mexico.
(Written for the Pbess by A. E. Koels.)
Everybody has read in books or knows by
hearsay of the wonderful riches whieh. lie hid-
den underneath the famed soil of the land of
the Aztecs; yet the number of those who by
personal and practical experience are enabled
to form a correct idea of the truly va*St extent
and astounding variety of Mexico's mineral
resources, is certainly very limited.
A long residence in that country having made
me intimately acquainted with it, more partic-
ularly with the State of Chihuahua, I propose
to give in the following lines a description of
one of its "most interesting mining distilots,
which, in my opinion offers a very fair field for
profitable investment of capital.
Morelos
Is, besides the adjoining district of Batopilas,
whose many great bonanzas in former times,
and again in our own days, shed such brilliant
lustre over its name, the only one within the
confines of Mexico; and, so far as known— ex-
cept the famous mines of Los Caracoles, in
Peru — in the world — where the native silver is
found to form the most important part of the
ores, hereby distinguishing itself from all other
silver regions.
While the mines of Batopilas have been
worked for fully two centuries already, those of
Morelos only became known in the year 1826,
but at once attracted considerable attention.
Its Situation
In the south-western part of the State, is in
27° 30' north longitude, and 107O 26' west lati-
tude from Greenwich, about ninety leagues
southwest from the city of Chihuahua, and the
same from the nearest port on the Gulf of Cor-
tez (AgiaCampo) in a direct eastern line, in the
very heart of the Sierra Madre mountains,
which attain here an average height of from
six to eight thousand feet above the sea.
The Mountains
"Which enclose the extremely narrow gorge,
hidden in which lies the town of Morelos, rise
on all sides, in steep inclinations of from 35 to
45 degrees, up to three and four thousand feet
above the bed of the creek flowing at their
base, and emptying into the Bio de Sd,n Miguel,
the valley of whicn forms a tremendous break
in the chain, highly interesting as to its geolog-
ical features. In fact, this whole section, bav-
irg hitherto been but very little traveled over
by intelligent observers, remains as yet almost
entirely unknown, although abounding in
points of terrific grandeur and nature's won-
ders. Deep ravines furrow them on all sides,
and dark colored rocky cliffs, in the most fan-
tastic shapes, crown everywhere their summits;
while the most luxuriant grasses, green all the
year round, carpet them wherever the soil al-
lows it under tbe shadow of gigantic pine
trees, followed lower down by manifold oak
and madrona trees, these again to the gorges
beneath by a thick growth of high, thorny
bushes, and giant species of cactus.
The Climate,
Warm and pleasant during the winter months,
gets, however, due to the shut in location, ex-
tremely hot from March to October; conse-
quently many cases of fever occur (calentura),
but seldom of a very aggravating form.
The Population,
Like that of all mining towns the world over,
changes with the temporary state of the mines;
increasing rapidly as soon as the report of a
bonanza goes abroad, and as quickly dispersing
again whenever this ceases to give employ or
chance to gain. At present it may not pass a
few hundred," who, for the most part, live in
that miserable state so indicative of poverty
and idleness; yet seeming to be an unchange
able institution of the country.
The Principle Articles of Consumption
Are all brought from over the mountains on
mule packirains, either from the towns of Ala-
mos, El Fuerte, Siualoa, Parral, etc, or the
small Indian ranthoa which lie scattered in the
gorges, or over the mountain sides of the Si-
erra, and are partly cultivated by tne numerous
half civilized tribe of the Tarahumaris. The
freight paid for a mule load of 300 pounds
(carga) from any of the above named towns
amounts to from $6 to $9; consequently every-
thing is dear. Corn (maiz) for instance, always
ranges from $5 to $8 per fanega (12 almudcs);
brown beans (frijoles) from $8 to $12; flour,
from $18 to $^6 the carga of 300 pounds; salt,
from $7 to $10 perfanega; lard (manteoa) from
$6 to $9 per arroba of 25 pounds; tallow (cebo)
irom $5 to $7 per arroba; brown sugar (panocha)
$24: to $30 per carga of 600 pieces, etc.
Th3 Geological Formation
Which comprises the greater part of the dis-
trict restnibles more or lesu that of Batopilas.
Speaking in general terms, diorite, often com-
plicated with graidte (tucuruhai), or syenite
{compact feldspar with hornblende), with tran-
sitions to porphyry, constitutes the piinoipal
mass of tbe mountains immediately to the aouth
and east of the town. Granite may be said to
dominate to the west and north; in many parts
conglomerate either underlies or overtops the
same. Stratified rock I have noticed in but
very isolated and little extended locations.
Limestone and slate formations are more promi-
nent to the south and east, more distant from
the center of the district. A very noteworthy
and important circumstance presents itself in
this, that the lodes carrying the native silver
are almost exclusively confiued to those raDges
of mountains which lie noithwest of the town,
or the dividing creek, while the opposite ranges
are filled with veins carrying argentiferous
lead, f ;hl ores, and such in combination with
copper. Certain hills abound equally with
splendid indications of gold; in fact, a number
of such veins are known; none of them, how-
ever, have as yet been worked, for want of cap-
ital and enterprise. I have seen some of the
latter ores which were very rich indeed.
The whole mountain ranges belonging to the
district seem in fact to form an inexhaustible
deposit of precious metals.
The Mineral Lodes
Are for the greater part very formal and true
fissure ones. Those of the native silver in the
neighborhood around Morelos, generally with
a strike from north to south, deviating more or
less, and a, medium dip of eighteen to twenty
degrees to the west. Their matrix, differing
somewhat from that of the Batopilas veins, car-
ries far less calcspar (espaio calizo), seldom
quartz or flint, but consists more of slate.
Like their celebrated neighbors, however,
they do not, as a rule, crop out very wide on
the surface, nor do they attain below the di-
mensions of other classes of ore veins, but in
few instances widening out over two yards,
Their great redeeming and distinctive feature
lies in the peculiar richness of the ores, a com-
paratively small stretch of which often gives
a very large result. Their average width is from
three quarters to one yard. "When they enter
into ores they will often expand to beyond that,
sometimes carrying them disseminated all
through their body; at otners more concen-
trated on the lower or the upper wall, (respaldo
alto 0 bajo). As in all other metal-bearing
veins, the ores are found in stretches of more
or less horizontal or perpendicular extent, with
barren spaces between them. These have to
be thoroughly prospected in order to find the
rich spots.
The Ores
Are, as already stated, formed of various com-
binations— sulphurets, often iutermixed to a
great extent with, and merging wholly in-
to native or malleable silver — their great dis-
tinctive character.
L'ke Batopilas, nature seems to have indeed
particularly favored Morelos with a retnarkab e
^how of this latter metal, in an entirely or a
most pure state, greeting the eye often with a
most brilliant white color (although of this
more in B) and of very curious and interesting
shapes, so that many pieces might be readily
taken for works of art rather than of nature,
and are eagerly sought for as precious speci-
mens for embellishment of mineral collections.
These ores are classified as first, second, third
and fourth class; the latter showing but little if
any silver at sight, and is known as azogues.
The ley of them ranges from $56 to $100 per
ton of 2,000 pounds fur fourth class; from $100
to $300 for third class, and from $6U0to $1500;
and from this to perfectly solid silver of $32,-
1)00 per ton in value.
The Virgin, or Native Silver,
Occurs mostly in the shape of massive silver,
which does not break, but must be hammered
or chiseled out of the matrix, (plata maciza.)
Wires— of more or less thickness, (plata
alambrado.) Nails— more or less thick, separat-
ing by pounding, called broza, when very fine
and near together.gives from one-third to two-
thirds of the weight of the stone in silver, (clavos
de plata.) Leaves — like thin sheets, {plata de
hoja.) Lumps — generally enveloped in a soft
clayish crust; often of one-half or two-thirds of
its weight in silver, (bola de plata.) Pieces or
grains, like the metallic gold.
The Beneficiating
Of this metal, or its ores, is done in a twofold
way; by means of regular smelting furnaces,
(homo de fundicion) of not very improved pat-
tern, or by the application of quicksilver, by
the old Mexican or Patio process, (amalgamd-
cion.) The bullion resulting from either is re-
fined in more or less crudely constructed cupel
ovens, (vaso de filiation.) The actual loss
produced by any of these manipulations is
however much less than might be readily sup-
posed from the often very primitive arrange-
ment?.
The ores of the fourth and third class, often
being crushed by hand and means of heavy
stones, or in the few existing regular mills,
(hazienda de benejicio) by water-power ma-
chinery, are ground to a fine pulp in ooitmon
stone built mills, (takona or arrastra) wbich
generally grind from nine to 1,800 pounds
(three to six cargas) during 24 hours, then
taken out, carried to the Putio or open flag
laid space, and here piled up in heaps (mon
ton) of from four to eight tons each (30 to 60
cargas of 300 pounds.) After being pread
out, salt, iron or copper pyrites, (or sulpuute)
quicksilver cot get mixed with them in then-
due proportions, ascertained before by ass-iy or
trial, and repeatedly trodden over by men or
b«aste, but very thoroughly each time, and the
amalgamating process lett entirely to the influ-
ence of the sun or atmosphere. Frequeut tests
with the horn-spoon show how this mysterious
process progresses and when it terminates. As
soon as no more silver is taken up by the
quicksilver, the entire mass gets washed out
(lavar) in a reservoir (pila) prepared for the
purpose, the amalgam carefully separated by
kneading It, and after letting tbe earthy mat-
ter run off, the metallic particles or tailings
(polvillos) are concentrated (by frequently
throwing water on them), for future separate
treatment. The amalgam is then burnt'to sep-
arate the quicksilver from the silver and this
latter refined (afinar.) The loss of the former
during this entire process depends in a great
measure on the care taken.
The first and second class ores are simply
pounded with a hammer or a heavy atone, until
the metal (native silver) concentrated in it geis
as much as possible separated and clean of ad-
hering malrtx. It is then taken to the furnace
(homo) in quantities of generally 25 pounds,
to be smelted down. These give from $250 to
$350 and more in silver. The resulting from
the crushing is ground_iu the mill (takona) to
a flour-like state, washed out and its metallic
parts treated in the same way as the foregoing,
when they will produce a similar ley. What
after this remains of parts is again ground to-
gether with the lower class ores and benefici-
ated along with them in the Patio. The tail-
ings are subjected to a careful roasting in a
reverberatory furnace before they are taken to
the Patio, there to be treated with quicksilver,
or are sometimes taken at once to the furnace.
The average expense for beneficiating one
ton of third and fourth class ore (not included
the cost of quarrying and delivering at the
mill) may, while the price of quicksilver keeps
lit $1.50 to $2 per pound, be set down at from
$1-4 to $20.
The Cost
of the working in the mines differs of course
with the class of rock enclosing the lodes. The
average price per yard of ordinary dimensions,
when drifting with black powder, ranges from
$30 to $35. Powder sells at $7 to $8 per 25
pounds {arroba.)
The Wages
Paid in the district to the workmen in the
mines are comparatively low. A foreman
(minero) earns from $9 to $12 per week, a
miner (barratero) five to six reales (bits) per
day's work of two blast holes 18 inches deep
e*ch and to charge and fire them off; a man
who carries tbe rubbish, and the metal out of
the mine (tenatero) f.^ur reales; a boy for all
work (zorro) two to three reales; a watchman
(yuarda-inina) $4 to $5 per week; a man to at-
tend to the mules (mulcro) $3.50 to Si per
wtek; other workmen outside the mine, at the
ore mill cost from four to f-ix reales per day.
The Extent of the Claims
Or pertenencias, corresponds to that prescribed
by tbe old Spanish mining laws (Ordenanzas
de mineria) still ia force in Mexico, which al-
lows 200 varas (600) feet measured off along
the lode on tbe surface, by 100 varas (300) feet
in width, laid off at option on either side of the
lode, running down perpendicular to the center
of the earth (if needed) and enclosing as indis-
putable property everything contained in this
parallelogram. A so-called company's claim
(pertenencia de compania), however, is allowed
to comprise four single pertenencia?, therefore
equal to 800 varas (2,400 feet) in length, by
100 varas in width. But the discoverer of a
new lode is entitled to two single claims for
himself. In regard to the
Number of Veins
Morelos may be said to compare very favor-
ably with any of its surrounding districts; yet
it Beems that by far the greater number of these
lodes which carry native silver, are concen-
tra'edina mountain northwest of the town,
and known as El cerro de San Anastasio,
which in all its parts seems to bs traversed by
them, and in some Bpurs running out from to-
wards San Joaquin or independent hilly
divided by the deep gorge known as La Gor-
covada.
Few of them have, however, been actually
worked, and but two over 100 yards in depth,
most of the others from 10 yards only to hardly
over 50 or- 60. They may therefore justly be
called ''virgin" ones. The reason why must
be looked for in the general lack of capital and
the unstable state of the country, formerly nip-
ping all enterprises in the bud . Almost all the
lesser work had to be done by gambuzinos, who
discovered the lodes, or by men of small
means, both of whom confined themselves
merely to picking out what metal they were
fortunate enough to encounter on or near the
very surface, but had no means nor courage to
follow up as soon as barren parts of the vein
cut their "bonanza" temporarily off.
Many of the lodes may indeed not prove re-
munerative, although their surface indications
be promising; still, this question can in the
end only be solved by the employment of at
least a certain amount of capital and work on
the mines, which would justify the opinion.
As a rule, verified by actual experience, the
larger body of ores may not be looked for un-
til a depth of from 30 to 40 yards has been at-
tained, with corresponding exploring drifts.
The deeper, the more cons: ant and of richer
ley they will show, while near the surface, al-
though often extremely rich and running into
solid silver, they will hardly ever be exten-
sive.
The General Opin on
Among the mining population is, and this cor-
responds with my own observations, that, "if
money be invested in any of tbe better class
veins, selected with circumspection, and lying
in good mineral ground (pan'mo), nothing will
be lost." The main condition for success is,
of course, besides the good lode, a proper and
economical management of the business, doing
away with any and all unnecessary or fancy
expenses whieh have ruined the most of the
American mining enterprises in Mexico in for-
mer years, but few of them having been con-
ducted by men of experience, or who were
willing to forego conveniences of life which
they had been used to. Above all, leave all
costly machinery alone, until the Btate of the
mine imperatively calls for it.
In my opinion, a working capital paid in or
otherwise Becured, of from $15,000 to $20,000
is sufficient, if expended with care, to open one
of these above mentioned mines, or bring it
into a satisfactory state.
A number of them are held by private par-
ties, either by actual possessory papers, or by
denouncement or re-denouncement, a majority
of whom wculd be willing to part with them
for a corresponding remuneration, they lack-
ing the means to prosecute the work in them.
Other mines, however, have at present no
owners and are open to denouncement. One
like the other needs exploring to prove their
value.
The first of all these native silver mines
ranks the great
San Gil Mine,
Discovered in 1826 by Gambuzinos, among
them a most remarkably gifted prospector,
Don Juan N. Avila, who at first took up four
independent claims upon it. Beginning with
rich chlorides (bodogues) and native silver,
this latter soon became predominant,, for con-
siderable stretches running into masBive metal
and for along time continuing to give forth
great treasures, so that often $40,000 and
$50,000 were taken out in a single week. In
fact, the virgin silver was actually found crop-
ping out in more than one place along the
lode, which crosses the southeast slope of the
San Anastasio hill, in a southeast to northwest
direction, and a west dip of 20 degrees.
The ores of it are very peculiar, containing
iron pyrites, among them very conspicuous the
so-called "ruby-silver" ore, wbich, especially -
in a certain part of the mine, therefrom sur-
nam'd "Sangre de Christo," was found in I
such quantity and of such blood-red color, that -
the entire vein seemed to be painted. The I
most beautiful and perfect crystals of it have
frequently been sold for very high prices.
The great deposits of metal seem to have ex- I
tended more in a south direction and about 60 !
yards downward. No regular accounts of their
product was kept by the first owners, still it
is known that it must have been many millions. I
Being but illiterate men they, with the improvi- \
dence peculiar to their class, spent their for- •
tune as fact as it came out of tbe bowels of the :
earth, until, when the ore body finally gave *'
out, they were obliged to sell out to a gentle- -
man named Don M. Ochoa, who united the 3
four claims inlo 'he present one. His hens i
still own and work the same under the present I
management of Sr. Don Francisco Ochoa.
The perpendicular depth of tbe working* *j
surpasses in no part 120 yards, although in the t
places connected, galleries extend over 300 f
yards in a longitudinal direction. The metallic ej
silver of this lode is very pure, hardly lo-ing J
two per cent., and often met with very bright- J
ly polished and white.
The mine may be said to be virgin yet, and (I
every sign is highly favorable for again strik-
ing a bonanza after passing the intervening^
barren layers of the lode. A tunnel being 1
started to cut it below the old bonanza parts A
gives already very promising hopes; equally so (J
a gallery being driven to the south in virgin 1
ground. The present owners having become']
weakened by other enterprises, have for sot- I
eral years only been able to work the mine
with a mere handful of men. The days of new J
prosperity seem, however, to be near, if I may 1
j<udge so from ores which I saw myself coming j
out of the mine on the very day before I left '
Morelos in December last.
A number of more or less parallel running I
formal lodes enter the claim, laying west of the I
San Gil; none of them have, however, been!
worked to any extent,all giving, whereverpicked I
at, on or near the surface, very rich silver and I
chlorides. The mineral country is everywhere 1
excellent, the country rock partly granite, ■
partly diorite and syenite.
[Concluded next weefr.]
Open Ore Mabket. — A new enterprise, ifi
which all miners will take a lively interest, is*
the crushing and sampling works now in courses
of erection on tbe corner of Third and Argen-
tine streets, by Melliss & Morris, a new firm, !
but well acquainted with the wants of the miner, 1
and having abundant means and knowledge to
carry their project to a successful issue, and, &t\
the same time, to supply a want long demanded
m our community by parties having ore to seMj
of all grades and qualities. In other words, an I
open market, in which tbe ore is sold to the I
highest bidder for cash, after having been
crushed to the required fineness and carefoHj
sampled and assayed; bottled and sealed sam-t
pies having been previously distributed among I
the buy'ers, somewhat after the plan bo sue (
cessfully adopted in Salt Lake and other large'
ore markets. By this method the miner cacj
be in no doubt as to whether he has receivec!
the full value of his ore; and Messrs. M. &. M.j
propose to go still further and, in the event or
a "slow" market, to themselves take all orli
sent to the mill, at full prices, for shipment U (
Europe. In addition, they will be at all timei
ready to make cash advances on well knowi
ores as Boon as delivered at their mill which, i' |,
is expected, will be ready for business by tin
end of the coming month, — Colorado Miner,
larch 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
179
I
ECHANICAL
Progress
New Uses for Copper.
'Dr. Kunze), whose name will be recalled as
ie joint discovert- r with M. Moutetlore-Levy,
j tbe well known phosphor-bronze, now an-
.QDcea the additional discovery that when
10-pbor- bronze is combined with a certain
ed proportion of lead, the phosphorized
Iple alloy, when cast into a bar or bearing,
igrcgates into two distinct alloys, one of
lich is hard and tough phosphor-bronze, con-
ning bat little lead, and the other a much
CU-r alloy, consisting chiefly of lend, with a
1 »ll proportion of tin and traces of copper.
16 latter alloy is almost white, and, when tb.<-
h fractured, it will be found nearly
diffused through it; the phosphor-
-nz* alloy forming as it were a species of
ullic sponge, all of whose cavities are oc-
ipied by tbe soft metal alloy segregated from
TbiB phenomenon of the segregation into
0 or more alloys, of combinations of copper
h tin and zinc, has long been known, aud
m the fact that such separation is generally
.-Hive, and not equal throughout the umh-, it
. a been a source of annoyance to the founder.
. . Kuuzt-1, however, seeu.s to have succeeded
1 canning the segregation to take place in a
iform distribution throughout the casting.
ii has taken advantage of the properties of
I* product which he obtains in this manner,
1 construct therefrom bearings of railway and
«ier machinery.
n heavy bearings, Bnch as those for marine
{info tbe valuable properties of Babbit
Uil, and similar anti friction alloys, are well
ognized; but these being generally soft, are
n to the grave objection that where they
subjected to considerable pressure, or even
derate pressure accompanied by continued
ration, they become distorted in form, and
n fail to sustain the journals in their pioper
ces, The device if, therefore, resorted ^to
the machinist, of casting a hollow cage of
d metal, of proper form, for tbe intended
1 ling, the cavities of which he then fills by
ting into tb^in the soft metal alloy, which
s forma the actual rubbing surface of the
ring. The hard metal cage supports the
at me!al within, oiid prevents its distortion
escape, nave by surface abrasion . D r.
nzel claims to effect the sinie result by the
uliar constitution of his new phosphorized
b iy for bearings. This forms its own sup-
ting cage, fur the soft bearing metal, which,
illuded to at the ou'set, separates from it in
process of cooling. He claims that these
rings combine the very small friction and
r 1 abruBion of the jouinuL, with the firm re-
s ance to pressure and stability of form of
t rings of hard metal. The test of practice
a ie can decide the value of these claims,
t Qgh they seem very plausible.
In relation to the above see arlicle on this
j e — "Brass vs. Phosphor-Bronze Bearings
f Boiling Mill Use."]
Iica Substitute foe Stoves. — A correspon-
\i it writes to the Iron Age as follows: Sir: —
;lf cethe illuminating principle in Btovea has
1 oa>e so thoroughly established, and tbe con-
fluent demand for mica has become dispro-
jftionate to the supply, is it not possible for
sue of our chemi&ts to produce some chemical
■slstitute fur the same that shall be cheaper
b) as durable? Illuminating stoves to the
,l^sehold are like pictures on the walls, refin-
jii and civilizing in their influence and ten-
(Ciey, and so great a boon to mankind should
tij be jeopardized by fear of any failure of the
. spply in an article that posseses the quality of
>!much pleasure and health-giving comfort
Juld this suggestion be within the possibili-
ty of chemical combinations, a liberal reward
;, tpld be paid by the stove manufacturers of the
'.cptry.
'. The editor of the Gas Light Journal calls at-
t tion, in connection with the above, to a
; cpmunication in reference to the same idea
plished in that journal, April 16th, 1874,
^rein a beautiful device for this purpose was
eten by Dr. A. A. Hayes, of Brookline, Mass.
j Ieasb vs. Phosphoe Bronze Bearings foe
sJlLUKQ Mill Use.— A correspondent at Pitts-
•*b-g recently wrote to the Scientific American,
ting what he thought to be an unusual test
,;t I journal bearings and the result — phosphor
..bnze being the material employed. Some
ilictical person who seems to know whereof he
li'BJiaks and who writes over the initials "T. J.
;,;j|n also of Pittsburg, took the matter up, rnd
>pr showing that the "tests" mentioned by
,t: firBt were of the most common character,
I iiceedB to give, in the same paper, an account
far better results from good brass bearings;
ffc giving the proportions of copper and tin
apposing the latter. The particulars with
■■- iK to botn teata are given iuite fulJy* " T-
^p." remarks that previous to reading the
^ amunication in relation to the tests with the
■I xsphor bronze he was laboring under the im-
t..Ij ssion that it was a superior composition for
Jjrnal boxes and rolling mill brasses; but
ltc;Comparing the results of the two trials with
^ular work, his former opinion of phosphor
, . oze has been materially changed.
fEW Potteet Glaze. —M. Constantin, a
mist of Brest, has invented, for common
tery-ware, a glaze which is completely inof-
Jive, and which is destined to replace tbe
1 glaze which, up to bow, has been always
employed, and which has had the serious in-
convenience of producing intoxications more
or less mild. Already in 1872, M. Constantin
had produced a glaze comparatively less dan-
gerous by reason of tbe small quantity of lead
which it contained. His mixture consisted of
a Bilicate of soda added to powdered flint, with
a very' little minimum of r*. J lead. Since that
the glazes accepted at the manufactory of Lan-
ilis, near Bre*t, do not contain any trace of
lead. The two formulas which they use are:
Fir.-t, 1 ik) parts of silicate of soda at 50 degrees;
15 parts of powdered quartz; 15 parts of Men-
don chalk; or, eccond, 100 parts of silicate of
soda ut 50 degrees; 15 parts powdered quarts;
15 parts Meudon chalk; 10 parts borax. The
addition of borax makes the glaze more fusible
and brilliant; it requires a less vivid fire than
the rirst formula, and it can be colored green by
copper and brown by maguese.
Improvements in Telegraphic Apparatus.
A number of telegraphic instruments have
been for some time in operation upjn the Gov-
ernment lines between the Capital and the War
Department, constructed and arranged on a
plan invented by Mr. Merritt Galley, of Roch-
ester, New York. An important feature of this
system arises from the fact that there is com-
paratively little expense, and but little change
of instruments. A common telegraphic instru-
ment arranged for single transmission, as per
old Morse system, may be converted into a Hue
for transmitting messages in both directions at
the same time, with the ability to draw a copy
of either or both messages at any or all way
stations of tbe line. The line has been in op-
eration with batteries over twenty-five per cent,
out of the balance, and still a margin of over
twenty per cent, remained for the adjustment
of instruments. Preparations are being made
to place Mr. Galley's invention not only on all
the Departmemt lines, but also on the Signal
Service. The Atlantic and Pacific and the
Western Union Telegraph companies, as well
as others, are also looking into the merits of
the invention, with a view to its adoption,
should it prove in every way satisfactory.
The most ingenious and perhaps the most
impoitant instiuments exhibited by the invent-
or, nre those for automa ic transmisfion, in
which the objections urged against the auto-
matic in common use seem to be obviated.
The invention is emphatically automatic— a
single operator with it not only preparing accu-
mulating matter for transmission, but it will
transmit any portion of the same to its proper
destination, having perfect control of tbe en-
tire work even over a number of lines, while
sitting ut a single instrument. He exhibits au
insirument which requires no perforated mes-
sage stub, but by means of peculiar but simple
mechanism transmits message after message
with the instrument, until such time as the
line can be secured, when by a stroke of
t-ingle key they are sent into 'the line complete.
Achievements by the Sand Blast.
There has recently been exhibited in London,
a plate of glass about half an inch thick, which
by the sand blast has been pierced through in
about ten miuutes, and also a large flat file, io
which a ilit about four inches long and three-
eights of an inch broad, had been cat, by the
same means.
The fact seems to b« abundantly demon-
strated, that sand, driven by an air blast of the
pressure of four inches of water, will com-
pletely grind or de-polish the surface of glass
in ten seconds. If the glass be covered by a
stencil of paper or lace, or by a design drawn
in any tough elastic substance, such as half
dried oil, paint or gum, a picture will be en-
graved on the surface. Photographic copies in
bi-chromated gelatine, from delicate engravings,
have been thus faithfully produced on glass.
In photographic pictures in gelatine, taken
from nature, the lights and shadows produce
films of gelatine of different degrees of thick-
ness. Now, it is found that a carefully regu-
lated sand blast will act upon the glass be-
neath those films more or less powerfully, in
proportion to the thickness of the films, and
the half-tones or graduations of light and shade
are thus produced on the glass.
Then, too, if the sand blast be applied to a
cake of rosin, on which a picture has been pro-
duced by photography in gelatine, or drawn
by hand in oil or gum, the bare parts of tbe
surface may be cut away to any desired depth.
The lines left in relief will be well supported,
their base being broader than their top, and
there being no under-cutting — as is apt to occur
in etching on metal with acid — an electrotype
from this matrix may be made, and can be
printed from an ordinary press.
. Steel vs. Iron . — The American Manufactu-
rer and Iron World says: For many purposes
steel, or those products generally called steel,
euch as Bessemer, homogeneous, etc., israpidly
superseding iron, and in the manufacture of all
grades of steel, the tendency is towards the
employment of processes that will permit not
only of a largely increased output, but of the
production of much larger masses. Tbe Bes-
semer process, as is well known, accomplishes
both of these results, giving a low grade of
steel, that is a steel low in carbon. The Sie-
mens-Martin and the Pernot modification of it
give much better grades than the Bessemer,
and the latter in masses fully equal to the Bes-
semer. We do not expect that steel will ever
supersede iron for all purposes, but' it is evi-
dent that the possibilities of steel neither in its
manufacture nor in its applications are as yet
reached.
Progress of Solar Chemistry.
Several important circumstances unite to give
unusual interest to the solar eclipse to occur in
April next. The progress of Bolar chemistry
has brought investigators faoe to face with
problems of universal reach and significance,
for the solution of which the four minutes of
obscuration will be more valuable than as
many years of laboratory work. A new instru-
ment, the siderostat, destined, it is thought, to
effect a great revolution in astronomical ob-
Hervation, will immensely increase the effi-
ciency of spectrum photography; and the con-
ditions under which the eclipse will be visible
promise better opportunities for the obser-
vation of totality than can be enjoyed again
betoro the close of tbe current century, or, more
precisely, April 1G, 1893. In not one of the
four total eclipses of the meautime— 1878, 1882,
1886, 1887— or in that of 1900, will the duration
of totality be so great, or the centra) line of the
eclipse present stations so favorable for obser-
vation.
Between the eclipse cf 1860— during which
photography decided the long vexed question
of the origin and place of the strange red prom-
inences Been round the dark body of the moon
at the moment that the tun's disk is oovered —
and the eclipse of 1868, the spectroscope had
revealed the approximate composition of the
aim's atmosphere, taken as a whole. The great
point to be determined in 1868 was not simply
the place and shape of the prominences, but
their material. The result is well known,
namely, that they consisted of glowing gas, or
a mixture of such gases, shot to immense
hights through the solar atmosphere.
Almost simultaneously with this discovery,
it was found that the prominences could be
studied speciro-eopically independently of
eclipses; and observers were not long in finding
out that, outside the bright round faoe of the
sun, was an envelope of glowiug hydrogen into
which magnesium and sodium, and more
rarely, iron and other heavy metals, were in-
jected from below, iu the form of a vapor. It
was further ascertained that the gases and
vapors were not all mixed up together, but that
the slightest, such as hydrogen, magnesium,
aDd sodium were generally at top; and that, as
the others were shot up from time to time, the
heavier were located, as a rule, lower down in
the solar atmosphere. Duriug the eclipse of
1869 it was established that an unknown gas-
eous element, lighter than hydrogen, existed
above tbat gas heretofore supposed to be the
lightest form of matter. Since 1871 the spec-
torsropic study of the sun's chromosphere has
been carried on to great advantage by Professor
Youug, at a mountain elevation of 9,000 feet in
which clear atmosphere the chromosphere ap-
pears more complicated than when examined
in the denser atmosphere below. Extensive
laboratory researches have been undertaken
under these conditions for the elucidation of
the various phenomena connected with the
Bun's chromosphere. The study of the sun has
enabled astronomers to explain the various
cla-sts of stars by supposing that, as a star
grows older and colder, the metaloids are en-
abled to exist lower down iu the atmosphere,
and thus to change the character of the spectra
of stars bright and hot into that associated with
those which are dim aud possibly colder; uutil
at last the ruetaloidal rain, so to speak, falling
on the metals below, gives the material of a
future crust.
Associated with these chemical quesliona are
physical questions of the greatest interest, the
solution of which will help to make clear the
development of our Universe from nebula? to
suns and worlds. How far the coming eclipse
will further the inquiry remains to be seen. It
is confidently expected that tbe result to be ac-
complished will be the "fruit and crown " of
the work begun in 1860, and carried on with bo
much zeal oy all civilized governments since
that time.
The course of the eentral line of this eclipse
is mainly a sea track, yet, in its passage from
the Nicobar islands, in the Bay of Bengal, to
Siam, it crosses several points that will afford
good stations for observation. At Kaikul, in
the island of Gamorta, totality will continue
four minutes, twenty-seven seconds. On Ben-
tinck Island, the maximum duration of totality
will be four minutes seventeen seconds; at
Mergui, four miuutes, six seconds: at Tennas-
erim, three minutes, fifty-seven seconds; near
Bangkok, Siam, to which point astronomers
have been invited by the King, the total eclipse
will last three minutes, fifty-four aeoonda. —
Scientific American.
Relative Effect of Whitb and Red Hot
Ibons on Flesh Textcbe. — Dr. J. S. Camden
publishes in the Medical Times and Gazette in-
formation very important to surgeons who are
not cognizant of the fact, that the application
of a while-hot iron to the body is absolutely
painless, while when only red-hot it is an ex-
temely painful operation. When operating
with a red-hot iron on men the screeching was
fearful, while when the iron waB white-hot not
a murmur was heard; aud when he operated so
upon a horse the animal seemed scarcely to be
aware of what was being done. He proposes
to use for actual cautery a large spirit blow-
pipe.
Curious Facts About Sponges.
Recent investigations have shown this curt*
ous fact about sponges. No matter how long a
sponge may have been used, no matter how
long it may have been kept dry, its life is ap-
Earently restored when it is wet. The sponge
eing wet with warm water aud being placed in
a warm room, the extremities of the sponge,
after a little while, appear to be alive, and
reach out like so many snakes. The longer
they are, the greater the motion. It was ob-
served that wetting tbe Bpooge with salt water
seemed to increase tbe motion. Nearly half
of all 1 he slender points seemed to come to life,
but after they become dry the motion ceases.
All sorts of dust were put upon tbe sponge
so tbat they should be under the same circum-
stances sb the pores of the sponge, but nothing
but tbe pores of the sponge appeared to be in
motion. Under the instrument, the sponge
has no longer the appearance of a sponge; it
appears like caverns, rocks, etc. These mov-
ing parts, when caught with pliers, would pull
out a portion of tbe sponge. When there is
much water in the sponge, they seem to be sat-
isfied, but it is as the sponge is drying grad-
ually that they appear to have life. This fact
was discovered with an iustument which mag-
nified only 42 diameters.
Wind-dbift Ebobion.— At the Hartford meet-
ing of tbe American Association for the Ad-
vencement of Science, a paper was presented by
G. K. Gilbert.upon '(Erosion by Saud in the
Western Territories," and an abstract of the
same is already in type for the forthcoming vol-
ume of the Proceedings. One of the topics dis-
cussed was the degradation of dee ert plains by
drifting sand— a degradation evinced by tbe
peculiar worn surfaces of the pebbles which
Btrew the plains. The hard pebbles exhibit a
high polish; the softer parts of the heterogene-
ous are deeply scored; and pebbles of lime-
stone are carved with an arabesque plexus of
furrows. In a subsequent note to the Journal
of Science, Mr. Gilbert states that thoBe phe-
nomena were briefly noted by Dr. J. S. New-
berry in |18G1, and his observation has been
cited as the first on record. But it is a well
known frtct that the phenomena were eaulier
observed by Prof. W. P. Blake, who published
descriptions in 1855. His description, which
is more extended than Dr. Newberry's, touches
the majority of the features, and to him be-
longs the credit of having first discovered and
truly explained the facts.
Intkbe8tino Invkstioation. — M. Faivre has
recently performed a series of experiments of
the mulberry, hazel nut, and cherry laurel,
which he considers go far to prove ihe fabt that
the substances which supply the food of plants
have an asceuding motiou in the bark. For
this purpose he made perfect or imperfect an-
nular incisions through the bark or detached
pieces of the b.*vk, to which buds were attached,
or removed entire cylinders of bark from the
trunk. The result of the experiments was that
the buds always continued to develops when
the communication remained uninterrupted with
the lower portion of the hunk; while when this
communication was completely destroyed, the
buds' iuvaribly withered away. If the bud was
separated by a perfect annular incision, it with-
ered the more slowly the greater its distance
from the incision; and in these cases the starch
disappeared entirely from the incision; and in
these cases the starch disappears entirely from
poition so the wood above the incision between
it and the bud. When entire cylinders of bark
with buds on them were removed, the buds con-
tinued to develope, aud even produce branches
bearing leaves.
The Repokt'of the Geological Survey of
Missoubi. — This volume, comprising 734 octavo
pages, besides index and plates, is a worthy
successor to the report of Prof. Pumpelly.
Like that report, it treats with special fullness
of the resources of Missouri in useful miner-
als and cannot fail of a direct and immediate
effect in advancing the development of the
State. We take pleasure iu presenting to our
readers as full an account of its contents as our
limited space will permit. The plates appended
to the volume oomprise about ninety litho-
graphic illustrations, referring, almost without
exception, to ore deposits and mining and
metallurgical operations.
Immense Photographs. — There are now on
exhibition in Paris says the Revue Industrielle,
the two largest photographs which have been
made since the introduction of the art. One
of these photographs represents the prineipal
bronzes — the Departure, by Rude— of the Arc
de Triomphe de l'Etoile. Each of the prints
facade of the new Opera, the other one of the
measures four feet three inches in length and
three feet four inphes -in hight. They were
obtained in one single pieoa, by well known
processes, and with the aid of a large and
specially constructed camera.
The Evapobation of Metals by Eleotbioity,
■Mr Hopkins describes an interesting experi-
ment, which consists in passing a charge of
electricity through a very fine thread of platin-
um, or other metalio foil, the thread being kept
in place between slides of microscope glass.
The effect of the heat from the electric dis-
charge is to vaporize the metal, which is in-
stantly condensed in a transparent layer upon
the cold glass, which can then be studied by
the microscope, and can be used in various
ways to determine the charaoter of the metal
and the peculiarities of the discharge.
180
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 20, 187 5
Mining Stocks.
The Mining Stock market continues dull,
■with few sales at low prices. There seems to
be no animation in any particular stock, and
the depression from last week's prices is quite
marked. Of the Comstock situation the .Enter-
prise s&ys: "At the norlhern end of the Com -
Btock, in the bonanza region, in addition to
drifting, the have gone to boring ahead into the
ore body with diamond drills. In this new
style of mining tbe only trooble met with is
the occasional clogging of the drills, caused, as
is currently reported, by their coming in con-
tact with nest as 01 stephanite and pockets of
pure silver in which the diamonds slip
and therefore make but little headway — whicn
is "important, if true." Both in the Ophir
(on the 1700-foot level) and in the California
(3500-foot level, cross-cut No. 3) these drifts
are now traveling eastward by day and by night.
The-open drifts are all showing up as well as
could be desired, and, what with boring and
what with drifting, the known dimensions of
the great ore body are every day increasing.
Never before has all looked so well for the
Ophir, and in the California and Consolidated
Virginia it is said that pure silver looks cheap,
and their only present thirst is for gold. It ie
now considered quite probable that the big
bonanza will be found to back down south into
Best & Belcher, and that it may not stop then,
but reach down into the Gould & Curry; while
at the north end it bids fair to plow its nose
into Mexican and some of the mines beyond.
The present is indeed a season of great expec-
tations, and it is hard to say what will be the
metes and bounds of the great ore body when
its dimensions shall have been fully developed.
For miles to the northward, companies are
going down in the track of the great lode in the
expectation of findin'g bonanzas, as yet un-
known and almost unsuspected. To the south-
ward the same is being done, but in that direc-
tion shafts have already been sunk to consid-
erable depths, and most powerful hoisting nia-
cin hery is already in operation, by means of
which still greater depths in every shaft will
very shortly be attained.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Thursday, Maboh 11.
morning session.
415 Alpha 18@18K
1320 Best & Bel Cher. 5*>$@56J*
475 Belcher 3#5}3ti
425 Chollar 61>£@63
195 O.U.Hill 3%
185 Con Virginia.. .452>b@46ii
21U0 California BKfflK
825 Crown Point 32®33
ISO Confidence 20
75 Daney Hi
65 Exchequer 1"
70 Empire Mill
1610 Uouldifc Curry- ..2il@21J$
565 Hale it Norcros8,..5U(gi.i2
1110 Imperial 7V«>
15 Justice 84"""
230 Kemuck 14-!i
1440 Lady Bryan &A($&A
15)10 Mexioan 31@32
1530 Ophir IMJ-? i.!.
420 Overman r>iv. 7
5 Seg Belcher .^.90
565 Sierra Nevada... IV
200 Succor..; ,l?fi
325 Savage Nu ... U5
12)15 Union Con ^.koiIU',
460 Yellow Jacket...,
■ /'l'^;<'
5150
3435
270
50
AFTEHKOON SESSION.
American Flag.
Baltimore
....do
Chief of Hill. .
Cheiry Creek 1&
Caledonia... W'.,(fl'iej,
El Dorado South.. ..1J^
Eureka G. V....
Empire 1 2,
Golden Chariot.. ..4@4«
Globe mr
Ida Ellmore :
Julia 4HL
KnickvTltocker 56'4
Meadow Valley. . . . 7M@S
Mansfield...
M Belmont
Mahogany. ...<.... .9g)9}s
Newark 1}$
Prussian 2S@2^
Piocbe &!.iiaA-B
Raymond & Ely 40
Kye Patch 3Va:i',
South Chariot. ..1&@1«
Silver Cord 2J£
War Eagle 3M@3!*i
This Week.
Thursday, March 18.
housing session.
180 Aloha 17@17%
705 BaBt & Belcher.. 4.%@46
180 Belcher 33J£@34
75 Baltimore 7
270 Bullion 35©36
1270 California 53,S@55
50 Caledonia 17
2,50 Chollar Al@56
365 Crown Point S^w^'J
185 Confidence 15@16
170 Con Virginia 405@410
125 Daney 1«
765 Dayton 2!£@24«
18H Empire Mill 5,S(gj5M
10 Exchequer 210
500 Globe l^@l&
80 Gould A; Curry i7J£
25 HhIc & Norcrbss... 4.5(3146
1340 Imperial ~i)i@1%
170 Justice 6^70
240 Julia 6@6'4
lfiU Kentuck 13fe)l3M
120 Knickerbocker 4
580 Lady Bryan 6.^@6^
2215 Mexican 24(g)2' M
915 Ophir 9I®93
200 Overman 45@47
150 RooklBl-*Dd Tajtf
515 Silver Hill 6@6%
185 Sierra Nevada. 11 M(o) 1 1}*
20 Savage 113@ll5
85i Union Con 1®!%
500 Ct»b... W
425 Yellow Jacket.. ..7-®74
AFTERNOON SESSION.
225 American Flag..3M@2$f
100 Andes Gia@«3j
270 Belmont fl&$»
550 Cosmopolitan 45@50
50 Dardanelles-. 3
390 Eureka Con 17M@18
.'0 Eureka U V.. .<. 8
100 Gul len Chariot 4H
370 Independent :...2
1011 Indus 3t$
90 Kossuth V&
;280 Meadow Valley.. ..8@8!^
130 Mahogany 9
00 Mansfield ,13
200 Niagara 75o
855 New York *.2M@2J£
2 0 Original Gold Bill... \%
50 Pioche 4%
J00 PiooheW..... I
109 Prus-ian 2
200 Poorraau 3M@3^
100 S K Island 97q
330 South Chariot 1%®1
50 Rve Patch....... ..2M"
46H War Eaitle iMa^X
J880 Woodville .2«*S
100 Wash A Creole 2-5
The Seattle (W. T.) Intelligencer of the 3d
instant says: "There was a report current on
ths street yesterday to the effect that the Seattle
Coal Company had entered into a contract with
the Central Pacific Railway Company to sup-
ply them with coal for a period of three years,
to the extent of 5,000 tons per month, and that
Captain Blair, the owner of a large number of
vessels plying on this northern route, haviug
secured the contract for it3 transportation,
would immediately put his vessels on the route
between there and San Francisco.
The two foundries and two planing mills
in Santa Cruz are busy turning out machinery
and doing work for the two railroads now being
constructed into town.
Healdsbueg wants an assayer. The onl
question is, can itpay for such a luxury? There
are plenty of as^ayers, but they will not work
where they get only about one job a week.
Buckeye GiSMCo Washoe „
Caledonia S M Co Wa<hoe 11
Chariot Mill & M Co San Diego Cal 2
Clierrv Creek MA M Co Nevada 2
Coos Bay ("rei'on Coal Co Oregon 1
Crown Point RGASMCo Washoe 2
Dardanelles M Co Washoe 2
Davton G £ S M Co Washoe 2
El Dorado Water .Si; D G M Co Cal 8
Empire M Co Idaho 9
Gold Run M Co Cal 70
Golden Chariot M Co Idaho 13
Ida Ellmore M Co Idaho 16
Ifnneiial S M Co ' WuBhoe 21
Independent G M Co Cal 8
Julia GJjSM Co Washoe 21
Kossuth. M Co Washoe 3
Mammoth Silver M Co Nevada 18
Meadow Valley M Co Ely District 8
Monitor Belmont M Co Nevada
Newark S M Co Ely District 18
New York M Co Washoe 3
North Bloomfield G M Co Cal 36
Overman SM Co * Washoe 31
Phil Sheridan G «fc S M Co Washoe 2
Pictou M Co Washoe 7
Pioche West Extension M Co Washoe 7
Raymond & Ely S M Off Pioche 3
Red Jacket M Co Idaho 6
Rock Island G & S M Co Washoe 7
Savage M Co Washoe 17
Senator Silver M Co Washoe 11
Silver Cord M Co Ilaho .8
Silver Hill M Co Washoe 5
St Patrick G M Co Cal 10
Starr King .M Co Washoe 10
SutroMCo Washoe
Victoria & Im Derial T A M Co Utah 4
War Eagle M Co Idaho 9
Ward Reechtr Cons M & M Co Nevada 4
Ward Ellis S M Co Robinson Distriot 3
Wahinfton & Creole M Co Ely Dist: '
An average of 120 car loads of ore is shipped
daily over the Virginia and Truckee railroad to
different quartz mills.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Preea and
other S. P. Journals.!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business.
Andes S M Co
Adams Hill Cods M Co
AlpsSM Co
American Flat M Co
Atlanlic & Pacific Cons M Oo
B»oonM£M Co
Bell^vue M Co
Washe
Eureka Nev B
EiyDislrict 8
Washoe 5
Cal 10
Washoe 3
Cal 11
1 SO Feb 25
15 Feb 16
"5 Feb 10
2 00 Feb 8
5 Mar 9
50 Mar 9
50 Feb 17
50 Mar 4
3 00 Mar 9
50 FeblJ
35 Feb 17
1 00 Feb 5
50 Mar 12
1 00 Feb 5
1 00 Feb 10
10 00 Feb 16
1 Oil Jan 30
15 Feb 9
2 00 Mar 3
1 00 Feb I
1 00 Feb 10
CO Mar 18
2 00 Feb 12
50 Feb 25
10 Feb 25
1 00 Feb 11
50 Mar 16
1 00 Feb 2
50 Feb 16
1 00 Feb 3
3 00 Mar 16
75 Jnn2l
25 Mar 2
1 00 Mar 10
3 00 Jan 18
50 Febl
1 0:1 Mar 11
5 00 Feb 19
50 Feb 25
1 00 Mar 27
2 00 Feb 16
50 Feb 2
25 Feb 25
.50 Feb 17
15 Feb 26
1 00 Jan 25
30 Feb 27
5 Feb 10
1 00 Keb 18
Mar 29
Mar 21
Mar 22
Mar 15
April 14
April 12
Mar 23
April 10
April 13
M»r22
Mar 22
MarlO
April 12
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 19
Mar 5
Mar 15
April 12
Mar 8
Mar 17
April 19
Mar 18
Mar 13
April 3
Mar 23
April 19
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 12
April 20
Mar 2
April 3
April 17
Feb 26
Mar 9
April 15
Mar 21
April 3
April 1
Mar 19
Mar 8
Mar 31
Mar 22
April 2
Mar 2
April 8
Maris
Mar 23
April 14
April 16
April 12
Apr 5
May 3
May 1
April 11
April 29
May 1
Ap.il 14
April 15
Mar 31
April 29
Mar 31
April 13
April 3
Mar 26
Apr 5
M ay 1
Mar 29
April 7
.Mas 10
April 6
April 21
April 28
April 20
May 17
Mar 31
April 12
Mar 30
May 10
Mar 30
April 23
May 7
Mar 26
Mar 30
Mav7
April 12
April 23
April 22
Anril 9
Mar 31
April 19
April 8
April 27
Mar 23
May 6
April 12
April 12
M Landers 507 Montgomery st
■WWTraylor 408 California st
OD Squire Cor Paljornia & Mont
C A Sankey
A Noel
Edward May
D F Verdenal
C Ei Sankey
K Wegener
F Swift
D F Verdenal
T P Beach
J M Buffington
W S Duval
W E Dean
H Elias
W Willis
CO Palmer
L K.inlan
W "Willis
W E Dean
Go T Grimes
A Noel
E F Stern
D A Jennings
J WColburn
W w Hopkins
W Willis
H n Kibbe
T Derby
Gen D Edwards
W R Townsend
S Philips
T L Kimball
T W Colbum
W Willis
J W Clark
E B Holmes
J H Sayre
Frank Swift
W R Dean
D F Verdenal
Louis K'plan*
C, W R King
Wm H Wat 'on
I- Kaplan
D A Jennings
J M Buffington
F D deary
331 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California st
409 California st
331 Montf/ome.y st
414 California st
419 California st
409 California st
424 Montgomery at
Merchants' Etc
402 Montgomery st
419 California st
416 Montgomery st
419 California st
41 Market st
Merchants' Ex
419 California st
419 California Bt
240 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California st
401 Call'ornia st
413 California st
41IH California st
419 California st
419 California st
320 California st
414 California st
330 Pioe Bt
408 California st
409 California st
418 California st
419 California at
419 California st
10 Stevenson's Bldg
4lu California Bt
419 California st
409 California st
Merchants' Ex
431 California st
302 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
Merchants' Ex
.Merohants1 Ex
OTHER. COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alpine GMiMCo
Cascade Bine Gravtl M Co
Cederberg G- M Co
Cienega P M Co
Cincinnati GASMCo
Edith Q M Co
El Doaado State Oo
Electric M Co
Emma Hill Cons M Oo
Enterprise Cons M Co
Fresno QS M Co
Geneva cons S M Co
Geyser Q S M Co
Gold Mountain GM Co Bear valley Cal
Mexico
(Jal
Cal
Cal
Cal
Utah
Cal
Cal
NeVada
Cal
Golden Orown M Co
Home G M f'o
Imperial S M Co
Cal
Nevada Co Cal
Washoe
independence Cons M Co Cal
International Gold M Oo Cal
Klncaid Flat M Co Cal
Lake Count-- Q S M Co Cal
Little Panoche Quicksilver M Co Cal
Los Prietoa M Co Cal
Maripnea LAMCo Cal
North Pork M Co Cal
New York Cone M Co Washoe
Occidental M Co Nev
Ophir G M Co Bear valley Cal
Orleans M Co Cal
Pauper M Co Idaho
Phomix Tunnel & M Co Utah
Pru«si»n G & s M Co Nye Co Nevada
Rucky BarM Co
Sun Jose M Co E«an Canon
Silver Cloud G & S M Co Cal
Silver Sprout M Cn Cal
Silver "Wes Cons M Co Eoreka Nev
Table Mt Alpha M Co C«l
Theresa M A M Co Cal
Ta"lumne Hydraulic M Co Cal
Union Con M Co Washne
Weaverville DAHMCo Cal
"Webfoot M Oo Elko Co Nev
I 25 Feb 11
10 Mar 8
50 Mar 8
50 Mar 5
10 Mar 17
30 MarlO
15 Mt»r4
5 Feb Ifi
411 Jan 29
'25 Maris
25 Mar 2
20 Jan 2
50 Mnrl5
1 00 Jan 25
10 Fen 25
50 Feb 13
1 00 Feb 10
2 50 Feb 4
is Mar 2
60 Feb 4
10 MarlO
20 Febl
50 MurG
1 00 Mn- id
25 ,]>in28
50 Feblti
50 Feb 2
10 Jan 22
1 00 Mar 16
7ft Mar 4
25 Feb 15
1 00 Jan 12
10 Mar 3
5 00 Jan 27
25 Feb 8
5 Feb 17
10 Jan 13
1 10 Feb 5
20 Mar 13
20 Feb 23
.'0 Febii
50 Feb 28
25 Jan 23
Mar 2b
April 13
April 9
Aprii 5
April 2fi
April 22
April 5
Mar 22
Mar 8
April 24
April 10
Mar 8
April 23
Mar 6
April 1
Mar 24
Mar 17
Mar 13
April 6
Mar 9
April 15
Mar 4
April 12
April 14
Mar 12
Mar 23
Mar 9
Mar 2
April 21
April 10
Mar 23
Feb 18
Am-il 14
Mar 8
Mar 15
April 17
Feb JO
Mar 15
April 14
M.r25
MarlO
April 14
MavS
April 30
April 22
May 17
May 14
April 20
April 12.
April 5
iC.y.8
May 3
Mar 31
May 16
Mar 3 1
May I
April IB
Apr 7
April 2
April 26
Mar 29
May 4
Mar 28
May 3
May 3
Mar 30
April 12
Mar 29
Mar 27
May 10
May 3
April 12
Mar 1*2
May 8
April 13
April 12
June 17
Mar 29
April 5
Mayl
117
A£
pril 21
Mar 30
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
J F Ligbtner
J M RutHngton
D M Bokee
W R Townsend
Wm Small
"Wm Stuart
Hut:h Elias
T B Wlngard
G J Cole
F J Hermann
R Wegener
ITMlliken
Ford H Rogers
J ¥ C vallier
Danl Buck
F J Hermann
WEDenn
F .1 HerniHnn
J M Buffington
B H Cornell
A Baird
G R Spinney
S H Smith
L Loavltt
A Martin
H U Kibbe
A K Deubrow
J P Cuvallier
J F Ncmith
W F Bryant
CSHealy
R H Brown
J F Oavallier
A Carrijran
A A Enquist
T B Wincard
FR Runfcer
T F CroniKe
B F H ckson
ITMil'iken
J M Buffington
F H Rogers
D A Jennings
431 California st
Merchants' Ex
215 Sans<>me st
33'i Pine st
531 California Ft
113Liedesdorffst
416 Montgomery st
318 California st
302 Montgomery st
418 Kearny st
414 California st
302 Montgomery st
Academy Bldg
513 California st
14 Stevenson Bldg
418 Kenrny st
419 California st
418 Kearny st
Mercb ants' Ex
210 Battorv Bt
316 California st
320 California st
Mont omery Av
401 California st
520 Washington st
■119 California st
Marchants' Ex
51 1 California st
315Caliiorniast
402 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
402 Montgomery st
513 California st
104 Front st
71 New Monttf'y at
318 California st
606 Montgomery st
■13- California st
408 California st
302 Montgomery st
Merch [hts' Ex
33U Pine st
401 California st
Name of Co.
American Flae M & M Co
Buckeye G A S M Co
Andes SM no
Baltimore Oonc M Oo
Bunker Hill QM Co
California Borax Oo
Cblcaco Quicksilver S M Co
Daney G & * M Co
Franklin M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Greene M Co
Lady Washington M Co
Mint G & S M Co
Towanda S M Co
Woodside MiMCo
Location.
Washoe
Washoe
Cal
Cal
Washoe
Wa'hoe
Cal
Washoe
Washoe
Ely Di-trict
Washoe
Secretary.
George R Spiuney
C A Sankev
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
Walter L Palmer
Luc>en rlerm-mn
George AL throp
George R Spinney
Wm H Watson
Callrd by Trustees
W R Townsend
H C Kibbe
A H Jennings
R Wegener
J Glussman
Office inSF.
320 California st
331 Montgomery st
507 Montgomery st
330 Montgomery st
19 First Kt
330 Pine st
310 Kearny st
320 California st
302 Mont*- mery st
419 California st
Academy Building
4 1 If California Bt
401 California st
414 California st
335 Monigomerj' st
Meetings
Annual
Annual
Special
Special
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Date
Mar 25
Mar 26
April 5
April 7
Mar 30
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 22
Mar 29
April 8
April 2
April ft
Mar 30
Mar 22
Mar 3]
Name of Co.
Belrhfr M- Co.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M 2k M Co
Cnnsolldated "Virginia M Co
Cons Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M- Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye Patob M Co
Location.
Washoe.
Cal
Cal
Washoe
Secretary.
H C. Kibbe,
W L Oliver
Frank Swift
D T BaulPv
Washoe Charles H Fish
Washoe O E Elliott
N. C. Fasset
Nev WWTraylcr
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4.9 California Bt
401 California st
401 I'alifornia st
414 California st
220 Clay St.
419 California st
409 California at
Amount.
300
25
10 00
2 00
1 00
Payable.
Jan 11
Fen 19
Nov 16
Feb 11
Mar 11
Jan 12
Jan. 2o
Mar ft
Mar 5
The Gold Mountain gold mining company's
mill (foitv stamp) in Bear valley, San Bernar-
dino Co., fltartedupontheSth inst. onorefrom
Lucky Baldwin's mine. The prospects are
said to be of the most encouraging nature.
A neat little mill, capable of reducing three
tons of ore per day, has been erected in Lower
Gold Hill, by Charles Feusier. It is to be em-
ployed chiefly in making tests of ores.
It is rumored that a rich and extensive iron
lode has recently been discovered on Bear
river, near the wire bridge, not far from the
Lincoln coal mines.
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk's Office at San Fran-
cisco:
Modgan M. Co.— March 13. Location, Calaveras
county. Capital stock, $2,000,000. Directors— C. T.
Botts, Wm. Irvine, Robert Irvine, H. D. Bacon and
Thomas Brown.
La Compania Mexioana.— March IS. Object to pur-
chase quartz mills and sell the Pachen process In
Mexico. Capital stock, $10,0011,000. Trustees. M. J.
O'Connor, LouiB A. Garnett, W. S. Rosecrana, John F.
Miller, LouiB Sloes, Noble Hamilton, O. C. Miller.
Pacific Hydbaulio Powee Co. — March 13. Object to
manufacture and sell waterwheels and other hydraulic
machinery. Capital stock, $1,000,000, divided into 20,-
000 Bhares, of the par value of $50 each. Directors— C.
E. Allen, Joseph Moore, J. B. Ford, Jehu Skae and
Hall McAllister.
Mountain Queen Mintng Co. — March 16. Location,
State of "Nevada. Directors, James Byrnes, Win. H.
Bell, W. H. Lawrsnce, J. B. Carrlck, J. C, Maynard, J.
P. Ames and Thos. Boyce. The capital stock $3,000,.
0U0, divided into 30,000 shares.
Liberty Mill and M. Co. — March 16. Location, Ne-
vada County, State of California. Directors, Louis
Franconl, Owen P. Sutton, Fred. W. Hutchinson, Cyrus
W. Jones and Julius Qoquillon. Capital stock, $1,800,-
000, divided Into 18,000 shares.
Last Chanob M.Co. — March 16 Location, State of
Nevada. Directors, James Byrnes, Wm. H. Bell, W. H.
Lawrence, J. R. Carrlck, J. C< Maynard, J. P. AmeB aud
Thos. Boyce. Capital Btock, $3,000,000, divided into
30,000 shares.
An extensive glove factory is in operp.tion at The quicksilver discoveries at Point Key es
Soquel. are proving very rich,
A Coeeebpondent of the Elko Independent
speaks very highly of the newly discovored
placer gold diggings at Island Mountain.
An unusually large amount of machinery is
now arriving daily at Virginia City, for mines
all along the Comstock lode.
An average of 120 car loads of ore is shipped
daily over the Virginia and Truckee Railroad
to different quartz mills.
International Congress of Americanists.
The first session of this Congress will be
held at Nancy, France, from the 19th to tbe
22d of July, 1875. It is an International re-
union of persons who are interested in the his-
tory of America before the discovery by Chris-
topher Colnmbus, in the interpretation of the
monuments, writings and ethnclogy of the in-
digenous races of the new world. An exposi-
tion of American archeology will take place at
the same time.
All those interested in the studies which in-
spire this reunion may become members by
sending their names and address in full and
subscribing $2.50 each in money or postage
stamps of country in which the subscriber re-
sides. They will secure by return mail the
card of membership, which will permit them
to join in the work of the Congress and to re-
ceive the volume publishing its proceedings. A,
list of original members will Boon be published,
as well as that of the Prench and Foreign Com-
mittee of Organization. The Central Commit-
tee of Organization will be glad to get all com-
munications which may be Bent in for this ses-
sion. Meantime, it has thought proper to clas-
sify the following questions, to which it calls
tbe attention of the friends of American arch-,
apology and ethnology: 1st. The relations of
Europe, Africa, Asia and Ooeanica with Amer-
ica before the time of Christopher Columbus.
2d. Interpretation of the writttnj ocuments of
American antiquities, such as the didactic.
Mexican paintings, calculi form, mayan and pal-
eographic writings, writings of the Indian
tribes of North America, inscriptions, etc.
3d. Ethnographic and philologic classification of
the Indian tribes of the New World. Charles
E. Brigham, M. D ., is the delegate at San Fran-
cisco.
Utilizing Jute Fiber.- Prof. Hodges, who.
more than 30 years ago made some of the ear-
liest thorough investigations into the flax indns>
try has been performing the same service for
jute. The waste fiber is made into paper, even
be dust from the mills is utilize'! in the man- 1
nfacture of silk hats, stair carpets, painted mil
bright colors can be made of jute (in England,) J
for three pence a yard, and coarse bed covers 1
can be made proportionally cheap. It is the ■
cheapness that makes it industrially impor-J
tant and which is the cause of the rapid in- J
crease of the manufacture. Dundee alone has 1
received this year 100,000 tons and other towns ]
half as much. The produce of jute is five J
times as much as that of tiax. The length of J
fiber is frequently 12 feet, and as it is now J
bleached to snowy whiteness, there is no end J
of the uses to which it will ere long be applied, m
— English paper.
All the mills on the Carson river are run- J
ning to their full capacity, with a good stage of 1
water.
The Petaluma woolen mill is to be in run- 1
ning order by the 1st of May.
The hegira of Mormon miners from Utah to J
the Comstock still continues.
INING NUMMARY.
The following is mostly condensed from journals pub- j
lished in theinterior.in proximity to the mines mantione<l,l
California-
AMADOR COUNTY.
Amador Quicksilver Mine. — Amador Ledger, I
March 13: "We learn from Mr. George Folger,]
President of the Amador quicksilver mining
company, that tbe mine is looking rem»rkab)yl
well, that a large amount of high grade ore is
now being taken from the 70 ft level, with all I
the indications of a large mass of ore on that
level. The retorts will soon be in readiness]
for reducing the ores, and obtaining metal. I
The company regard the future prospects of*
the mine as very flattering.
We are pleased to learn that prospecting fori
cinnabar in the vicioity is being extensively?
prosecuted, and that a number of prospectif
have been struck that give good evidence of fo>£
ture value. We are also pleased to learn that
the claims of the Oakland company, under the?
energetic Superintendence of Mr. Craib, aref
likewise assuming a very encouraging appear- f
ance; the company's ground evidently covei"1
the lode, which will soon bo reached by the!"
works now progressing. "We have no doubt!
but that the country in which the Oaklandf
claims are located, will ere long prove to b(|
very rich in cinnabar.
BUTTE COUNTY.
Mining Items. — Oroville Mercury, March 13 ! .
Some two weeks since a number of men fron
Suisuin, Solano county, went up to Forbestown {
in this cotmty, and bought the Treasure ledge •
and, after organizing, set men at work day .anc [
night sinking a shaft. The ledge was sonn
twelve feet in width near tbe surface. Upt(|
the present time they have gone down 35 feet .
All tbe way down the rock is good for milliuj
purposes. Last Saturday night a blast wa
fired which disolo?ed rock that was very rioh :
so much so that all feel confident that the min<
will prove to be one of the best in tbispaito.
the State. One cannot take up a piece of th<
rock without discovering free gold in ever;
March 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
181
iart of it. It is impossible to tell at this time
rh*ther tbe company have struck a tine body
if ore that in lasting or merely struck a chim-
iey. There was shipped to tbe bay, from tbe
>ra Bed-, just below Oroville, dariug the
nonth of February about $00,000 worth of gold
lu«t that had been taken out by tbe Chinamen,
lotwithstanding the high water of the previous
aontb. At present several large companies are
iot at work, but over $40,000 will be taken oat
his month.
3AUAVERAS COUNTY.
Bich Bock — Calaveras Chronicle, March 13:
.nut week we inadvertently neglected to men-
iou a recent good clean-up of the well known
looiier quartz mine, near Jesus Maria. A few
on* of rock, worked in an arastra, yielded
385. Tbe ore was taken from tbe surf-ice, au
pen out having been run on the lend. The
tdflB is from six to seven feet wide, all good
unlity of ore. With adequate milling facili-
ies tbe Hooeier wonld take rank among our
io«t productive mines.
Blasts.— Several blasts have been llred lately
i tbe Duryea and Veith hydraulic claims, with
niformly good result-*. "T" shaped drifts
ere run into tbe banks, powder properly
laced and tbe drifts lightly tamped. Fuse
DDU't-toil with the powder extends to tbe
loulh of the tunnel by means of which it in
xploded. Blasting is becoming au important
axillary in gravel mining where the ground
so h ml as not to pipe easily.
L DORADO COUNTY.
M I.MNO Dbvelopmknts. — Mountain Democrat,
[arch 13: At the Mansfield mine, Kelsey town-
Up, J. L Smith, Superintendent, a body of
ecomposed quartz sixteen feet wide was re-
mtly struck in the lower tunnel. A sample
as sent to Hiehn, Hemme& Co., San Fran-
sco, who made the following return: The
rniple is f »und to contain at the rate of $90.-
)pertonin silver and $1507.32 in gold, less
I per cent, of moisture, equaling a net total
ihilvcr and gold of $1374.13 per ton. 1J is
msidered safe to estimate a large proportion
this vein matter as good for fully $200 per
>n by ordinary milling process. There is
rery promise that tbo Mansfield is about to
ivelop into a first-cluss mine.
iYO.
J^iou Dabwin.— Inyo Independent, March
I: T. May, and V. A. Gregg, Esq., returned
couple of days since from Darwin. They re-
>rt limes somewhat quiet, though building
>es on rapidly in the town and tbe prospect
merally is very cheerful. The gold mines
it in the Argus range were attracting consid-
able attention among the Darwinites. Tbe
nnel on tbe Defiance or Beltran is in 75 ft.
iring cut through a third vein about like the
'o others meutioned heretofore, but was b ing
iveuf'T still another known to lie further
ick. This would indicate that this body of
■e will prove to be nearly or quite 100 ft
ide. It was rumored th*t Reddy and Beau-
y bad purchased Renoie's sixth interest,
ying therefor the sum of $20,0u0 cash. The
ory remains to bo confirmed, but the piob-
►ilitiea are that is tine.
HARIN COUNTY
[Quicksilver.— Cor. San Rifael Herald,
Larch 11: Quite an excitement was created on
londay last, at Oleum, in consequence of Mr.
I. Evans (Mr. Howard's Superintendent)
ringing in some very rich specimens of einna-
ar, which he said were obtained from a ledge
'a Point Reyes. Some bad been tested in
m Francisco, and assayed from 60 to 70 per
ant. Ab some lemarks were made about its
ftreme richness fur surface rock, he stiid he
jad sunk a shaft t«n feet where he bad ob-
Iined it. As Mr. Evans is a gentleman of ver-
ity it of course left no doubt in the minds
the people. A few days previously Mr.
rank Miller brought in some fioe specimens
tain the Payne lode, taken from a shaft which
I fe is working about half a mile northwest of
L W. Payne's claim. Mr. Miller says about
in years ago a hunter brought him some cin-
j abar which he sent to San Francisco, and it
^sayed 76% per cent. As he could never find
je ledge we suppose it must have oome from
fre vicinity where Mr. Evans found bis. Many
I jipnosed that the paint used by tbe Indians on
omales bay, in an early day, was obtained
] Jom the cinnabar ledge which has recently
pen. discovered on Point Reyes. We under-
■ land that S. W, Paye, the discoverer, is sink-
' Vo sbafts on bis claim.
EVADA COUNTY.
Pbovidence.— Nevada Transcript, March
■ : In the 620-ft level in the Providence mine,
ere haB been a cross-cut run from the hang-
g wall a distance, of 108 ft, and almost tbe
itire distance through quartz. At intervals
ere are seamB of clay in imitation of foot-
lis, but when cut through a body of ore is
ached. A ledge a hundred and eight feet
ide is immense; but that is not all there is in
.e Providence. Tbe workmen have fouad,
ill further on, another ledge, running par-
lel with tbe main ledge, the width of which
not yet found. The best part of all is, the
ck is looking first-rate. The sulphurets are
Javier than any yet found in the mine.
Manzanita. — The Manzanita mine continues
look splendidly. Large pieces of rock are
ten found, and on breaking them in two they
e usually filled with gold. The Bhort snp-
y of water will interfere considerably wich
e amount cf guld that was expected to be
ken out this season. A large portion of the
ound which has been got ready to work, and
lown to contain a great deal of gold will not
' touched for want of water. If we should
get a good storm, enough to keep up the water
supply, the yield of this mine will be enor-
mous.
Oinwbab.— Grass Valley Union, Match 11:
We have received a "mail specimen of muoal ar
from uncle Jimmy Nickereon's ledge, situate 1
1 >w down on Wolf creek, near Bear river.
There can be no doubt about the le-ge oftrrj-
ing quicksilver, and as it is a large ledge and
easily mined the property ought to be a paying
one. Work is now being prosecuted ou the
ledge and a goodly amount of paying ore is on
the snrfuce.
Pbospkct. — This mine continues to improve.
Specimens of the quartz brought in yesterday
show well in gold bearing sulphured. Bffttera
who have worked in the Eureka and Idaho
mines prouounce the Prospect rock to bo about
of the same character as that found in the two
first named. Tbe Prospect owners seem to
have as pietty a showing for a big property as
has been developed in this district for a loug
time.
Pbospecttng.— FoothUl Tidings, March 13:
Prospecting is quietly goiug on in more places
than those who sit on the corners and whittle
dry goods boxes are aware of. Passing over
Osborne hill the other day we Baw new work
douo in several places, and some good looking
quartz piled up ready for the mill.
Moonkt Flat. — Nevada Trcfoscript; March
11: The Blue Gravel mining company is still
at work running their tunnel from Deer creek
to their ground. It is now in 900 ft. They are
working ten men and work three shifts so that
work is progressing as rapidly as possible.
Thpy drive about 20 ft a month and expect at
that rate to reaoh the desired point in about a
year. The tunnel will open up for work about
400 acres of gravel. It will mike Mooney Plat
a lively camp when everything goes on run-
ning nicely. It is thought Smirtsvilje will be
eclipsed in brilliancy at that time. ^The B4ue
Point mine, at the latter place/cleaued up the
other day, $79,600 from a 29 dhys' run,/ -Mr.
O'Brien, who is connected with the Blue
Gravel company atMoonev's Flat, is also run-
ning a mine below Smartsville, ou which he
has 25 men employed, and uses 1500 inches of
water. Altogether the mining interests of that
section look end are very promising,
PLACER COUNTY.
New Discoveries. — Placer Argus, March
13th: Yesterday we were shown a specimen of
iron ore tiken out of a lar^e bed lately discov-
ered near town, but the exact locality we did
not learn. Whether it exists iu sufficient qu n-
tity and is of a proper quality to be utilized,
we do not know.
Mr. A. H. Estill, of Lincoln, informs us that
a large bed of superior iron ore has been lately
discovered a few miles from that place, which
it is fhe intention of the owners to work. Mr.
Joseph Stoddard, of the Union Flouring Mills,
is owner of one-half of the claim.
PLUMAS COUNTY-
Mining Notes. — Plumas National, Mireh
13tb: We hear some good reports fromfeveral
of the miners in this neighborhood. Loring &
Leavjit have struck some first-rate pacing
ground in the old Quirk claims near Elizabeth-
town, and recently got as high as $80 to tbe Fet
of timbers, regular old-fashioned "lead "gold.
Braden, Richards & Blake are making g iod
wages in Emigrant Hill, and have good indi-
cations of something better. The O'Neil
Brothers are getting some good prospects in
course gold in their Newtown claim. Bell & Co.
are also reported to be getting some piy iu the
Old Western claim, near Newtown, and we saw
a nice specimen from their claim the other day.
Tbe Maxwell company have repaired their
flume, damaged by the flood, and are piping
again. Miller, Shaffer & Mu^ick will make
the old Blackhawk olaims " pan " this ppring,
as usual. The Plumas ditch company, will
make money this spring, but will be likely to
suffer with tbe balance of the mining interest
in a short water season. The Hungarian
company are still running their pipes Bieadily,
with good results. Myers & Siler are running
a tunnel at Dublin Jack, and we are informed
that they have a certainty of good paying
ground as soon as tbey get to gravel, which
will only take a week or two. Gould is rushing
the work in bis Mill creek claim. Several
companies are working on Spring Garden
creek, but we have no reports from them.
Many a fortune lies buried in the ravines and
gutahes near this valley, and a little labor is al-
most certain to be richly rewarded.
SONOMA-
Mining Items. — Russian River Flag, March
11: Tdo Mt. Jackson furnace has been roast-
ing good rock since tbe 25th ult., and will be
kept running without stopping for want of
ore.
Tbe discovery of a body of very rich ore is
reported in the Great Eastern.
Work is active on nearly all of the prominent
mines in the Sausal region, and the develop-
ments are very encouraging.
The tunnel on the Sausul mine is now in 40
feet and being run at tbe rate of two feet a day.
It is expected to tap tbe ledge after going 30
feet faither,aat a depth of about 90 feet. Rich
cinnabar and black oxide ore were struck in a
surface cut last week.
Work is being pushed night and day on the
Albambra tunnels.
The Rocky Bar company are running a large
tunnel to tap the ledge 150 or 200 feet deep.
The Excelsior furnace is running satisfac-
torily, and rich developments have been made
in both the Chapman and Maracoma.
SAN MATEO.
Silvbe DjscovEEY.^San Mateo Times, Mar.
13: There baa bean, at various time* in the
history of tbis county, reporta of mineral tii-s -
CLJverieft made in tbe shape of iron, coal, and
quicknilver, and now w^areoalled upon to add
another to the list, which, if it turns ont aa is
expected by the disooverer, will place Ban
M-tteu in the ran ks of silver-producing districts
But a short time since Mr. Nicholas Larco, v. ho
resides on a ranch leased from the owner*,
who are residents of San Francisco, ucd which
is situated about a mite and a half east of
S.'ursville, became impressed with tbe idea
tint certain croppinga which were on bis
place, and, very near to tbe line of his neigh-
bor, Dennis Martiu's ranch, were nothing more
or less than silver quartz. Tbis proved to be
the oase. It would seem from developments
since made that the result of Mr. Laroo and
his mining expert's investigation was that an
immense silver ledge was on the lands, prin-
cipally on tbe Martin ranch, and that tbe dip
of the lode was toward the latter, and that Mr.
Larco had taken to Sdn'Francisco some speci-
mens and had them assayed, the amount re-
turned being $120 to the ton.
SIERRA.
( |Obo Stock. — Mountain Messenger, March 18:
Stockholders of the Oro have decided to go to
work and build a mill to reduce rock from their
mine. Tbe plans and specifications are all
drawn, but it has not yet been decided whether
to make it ten, fifteen, or twenty stamp. The
mill will be run by water, which will never
fail. It is said by those who worked the mine
when first opened, that tie rock will pay
from ten to fifteen dollars per ton. If we
build this mill and it proves a paying invest-
ment, it will not be long before means will be
found to put up a mill on the Good Hope, tbe
rock from which has never paid ltss than $12
per ton. There is, also, a s'rong probability
that a mill will soon be put up on the ledges
owned by Sam Hartley & Co., at the Clements
bridge. With three mills running and paying,
our town would be about as good us any-
body's.
It. is the present intentidn of the Oro com-
pany to commence work upon their mill im-
mediately, and to have it in running order by
the first of August.
TUOLUMNE-
Nonpareil Mixe. — Union Democrat, March
13: The persistent energy and perseverance of
Jos. J. Du Prat and associates for the past
three years in prosecuting work in this mine,
situated at Deer Flat, promises to be finely
rewarded. Saturday, the 6th inst., very rich
quartz was struck in the east rise, the lode be-
ing 24 inches in width. Several years ago the
work was carried on to quite an extent from
tbe surface of the vein which yielded rich ore;
as it was followed down tbe expense of work-
iog and keeping the mine free of water became
too great, and operations were discontinued
for a considerable period. It is gratifying to
know that the great expense and time employed
in developing this mine has not been lost. But
few men or companies wonld, under the doubt-
ful grospeet, continued so long.
The Cummings Mine. — Tuolumue indepen-
dent, March 13: Near Yankee Hill, is now be-
ing opened by Cummings &, Clark, for San
Francisco parties. They bave struck some
very good rock near the t-urface, anil the pros-
pects are that they will develop a valuable
mine. The vein at Rock Gulch was known to
exist years ago, but like a good many other
things in this county, it baa laid idle all these
years waiting for some outside party to come
in and show us tbe wealth, we are tumbling
over every day.
Soulsby. Mine.— On the raise back of No. 6
south, south shaft, the vein is beiog met with
which looks very promising, and will go from
$30 to $40 per ton. This is entirely new
ground which has never been worked. In the
level above, from the 5th up, they had a very
rich chute which continues. Hopes are enter-
tained for its downward tenden y below it —
above is good indication.
Mobe Encoubagement.— The Marks & Dar-
row quartz mining company, since starting the
new hoisting shaft No. 6, the depth of which
will cut 350 ft of lode, about 25 ft more will, it
is thought, cut through the main ledge. It is
impossible to say how wide the quartz will be;
but the superintendent thinks that it cannot
be less than from ten to fifteen feet. In test-
ing witb a small force of men, about 200 ft
north of the main shaft they have found very
rich croppings, which tbe Dep'y Sup't intends
reaching by drift and Btope tfrom the main
shaft. Tbe rock from that portion of the lode
(all of 300 ft from first level of main shift to
the surface), assays from $1,700 to $1,900 per
ton, together with rock shipped from the main
ledge, when reduced by mill process, produced
by amalgamation alone, at the rate of $1,900
per ton.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Consolidated Virginia.— Gold Hill News,
March 11: Daily yield 450 tons of ore, keeping
the mills of the company all steadily running.
The ore breasts Hnd stopes on tbe 1300. 1400
and 1500-ft levels never were looking better
than at the present. Eulargiog the main north
and south drifts on the 1500 and 1600-ft levels
to increase the air circulation in tboee portions
of the mine goes steadily on, steadily increas-
ing day by duy tbe faei'ities for extracting the
rich chambers of ore already developed, and
prepare for the furtner development of the
great bonanza in a downward direction.
Ophib. Daily yield 150 tons of ore. The
ore breasts throughout the 1300 and 1465-ft
levels are all looking splendidly, and yielding
the usual amount of good ore. Work is pro-
gressing finelv in all the cross-cuts and drifts
on both tbe 1465, 1500. 1600 and 1700-ft levels,
with but little change in any portion of the
mine during tbe we- k.
Globk Consolidated. — Since our last regu-
lar weekly report tbe main west drift has run
into a ledge 1,124 ft west of the shaft, and to-
day ia into the same 18 ft. It Is a ledge of
very fine and valuable character, being evi-
dently the same as that of the Rock Island. It
gives assay thus far of from $25 to $G0 to the
ton, and is a very important development.
Bki-chkb— Daily yield, about 450 tons, of fair
milling ore from the various prospecting levels.
The three winzes below tho 1400-ft level are
still iu ore. The south winze is down 95 ft,
the middle winze 81 ft, and the north winze 85
ft. Tbo east drift from the main incline, to
open out the 1500-ft level, is now in 262 ft, and
is running in vein matter. Tbe new air shaft
is down G2 ft below the 850-ft level, and making
very good downward progress.
Best and Belcheb. — Driving the south drift
at the bottom of tbe winze at the 1700-ft level
to connect with tbe main north drift from the
Gould & Curry shaft on that level, is making
good progress.
Califobnia. — Sinking tbe C. & C. shaft is
making excellent progress, the rock in tbe bot-
tom blasting out finely. The north drift, on
the 1550-ft level, is still driven ahead, the face
in rich ore. This 'drift has been advanced 12
ft during the week. The north drift, on the
1500-ft level from cross-cut No. 1 east, has been
connected with east cross-cut No. 2, and is now
being continued north to connect with east
cross-cut No. 3, to add still further to the ven-
tilation of that portion of the mine. The ore
in the face of cross-cut No. 3, on this level,
still continues of a good quality. East cross-
cut No. 4 is also in fair milling ore, and is be-
ing rapidly driven ahead. The south drift from
the south winze, iu croBS-cut No. 2, on the 1400-
ft level, is advancing rapidly toward tbe south
line, the face still in good ore. This drift is
now in a distance of 56 ft. The south winze,
on the 1400-ft level, is still steadily advancing
downward to connect witb tbe 1500-ft level, tbe
bottom still in ore of a fine quality.
Lady Bbvan. — The main west drift at the
380-ft level, iB in 30 ft, with strong indications
of soon reaching the main ledge. A small air
shaft has been commenced on the surface
nearly perpendicular over this body of ore, for
the double purpose of prospecting tbe ore,
wbioh is supposed to extend nearly to the sur-
fttoe, and also to more thoroughly ventilate that
portion of tbe mine.
Mexican.— The nortb drift on tbe 1465-ft level
has shown little chanae during the past week
in the quality of the material penetrated.
Good headway is being made with the work.
The pitch of the rich west body of ore recently
struck at tbe 1600-ft station of tbe Opbir winz,
to the north and eaBt, is calculaied to give
great encouragement to the owners of tbe Mex-
ican, as it is gradually increasing the surety
of findiog a continuation of tbe same body in
that mine.
Impebial-Empibe — Sinking the main incline
is making the usual good headway. Tbe qnartz
in the face of the south drift on the 2000-ft
level is looking more favorable for an ore de-
velopment. No change of interest in the face
of tbe east cross-cut on this level.
Jacob Little Consolidated. — The main
northwest drift shows great improvement as it
advances further into the hill. Stringers or
feeders of rich quartz are met with among the
low grade ore passed through, and two or
three tons per day of tbe best is saved and
added to the pile already on the dump.
Eubopa. — Tbe face of the east dri't or cross-
cut from the bottom of the winz, 115 feet be-
low tbe adit level, shows more quartz and ad-
ditional evidence of being'close to the ledge. It
is probably just cutting into it.
South Comstock.— Sinking the main shaft
progresses at the rate of two feet per day.
Some little water is coming in, and, judging
from the quartz Beams and other indications,
the ledge aennot be far distant.
Justice.— Sinking the main incline is making
excellent headway, there being no increase of
water, and tbe new pumping and hosting ma-
chinery working splendidly. The main drift
eoutb from the 800-foot station is now in 30
feet. This is a very important drift, as it will
open the 800 ft level and pass directly beneath
the very favorible ore developments made at
'he 400-ft level. Considerable water is coming
in from the face of tbe drift, indicating a near
approach to the vein.
Utah. — Three car-loads of new pumping
machinery, consisting of spur wheels, sole
plates, engine beds, etc., were received at tbe
depot of the Virginia and Truckee railroad,
and will be placed in position reaiy for use at
the mine at the earliest possible moment.
Siebba Nevada. — Sinking both the old and
new shafts is making steady and rapid pro-
gress. The rock in the bottom of the new
shait blasts out finely, and the water no longer
interferes iu tbe leaBt with the sinking. The
bottom of the old shaft is in ledge material,
carrying some low grade ore, but nothing yet
that will pay the cost of extracting or milling.
Leo. — Making fine progress in driving the
main tunnel ahead, ftace of tunnel still in
promising ledge matter. The ledge is large
and well defined, and carries seams of ore of
good quality.
Woodville. — The ore stopes on the 300-ft
level continue to yield the usual amount of
good ore, keeping the mill steadily running.
The ore developments in the east cross-cut, on
the 300-ft level are looking more encouraging.
182
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 20, 1875
j?o|*duw LecjJ^es.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Seventh Lecture Delivered before the University of Cal-
ifornia College of Agriculture, on Wednesday, January
27th, by Pnor. 0. E. Besb-et.
The Walnut and the Nettle Families. Inglandacse
and Urticacese.
We take up two families to-day. First, the
walnut family, Inglandacece— principal genua,
Inglans— very nearly allied to the oak, is repre-
sented by only 30 species, mostly natives of
North America. They are valuable for their
timber and for their fruits.
Inglans Eegia, the so-called English waluut,
is a native of the Himalayan portion of Asia.
It has long been unrter cultivation , and it is
probably due to this fact that its shell is so
thin and so easily broken. It has been intro-
duced in California. Its wood i5 used for
oabinet work in Europe. Its fruits are eaten,
and are largely imported to the United States.
From them a valuable oil is made.
The black walnut, Inglans nigra, of the
United States, is one of the largest trees grow-
ing'east of the Rocky mountain district, and
grows to a diameter ofsix to ten feet. It is
One ot the Most Valuable Trees
For its lumber, which is largely usedfor cabinet
work and inside finish. Its fruits, being thick-
shelled and rank, are not largely used as food.
In Southern California some black walnuts
which are native here, and which are a little
different from the J. nigra, are grown success-
fully.
The white hickory, Carya Alia, oalled in the
East shell or shag bark, white or Ohio bark, is
a very large tree of the Eastern U. S., attain-
ing a size of three to four feet in diameter and
one hundred feet in hight; yield a very valu-
able timber, which is very heavy, compact, and
exceedingly : tough, and which is used in ax
handles, in wheels, and other parts o£ car-
riages. Though suited we" for use where
strength in a compact form is required, when
protected by paint, it is liable when not thus
protected to be affected by the powder-post in-
sect, and is therefore not used in buildings.
This tree produces delicious nuts.
Pecan nuts are fruits of an allied species,
Carya olivmformis, which might be grown
here. There is need of the wood. Ash, which
is largely used in the East, might be grown
here.
We should try to import the Eastern live
oak, and the European oak with its hard wood,
and should make careful examination of oar
woods, such as we have, as to strength of ma-
terial.
It would also be well to have a collection of
woods. Each species should be represented by
a oross-section as large as possible to show the
oharaoter of the bark as well as the wood, also
there should be a board as wide as possible,
running to the bark, and specimens of fruit,
leaves, cones, etc.
The Nettle Family.
Urtkacece. A large family of nearly 1,000
species, of diverse habits and botanical charac-
teristics, lightly held together, but still existing
as four well marked sub-orders.
Sub-order 1. The elms. These are trees or
shrubs, and are natives of temperate climates iu
the northern hemispheres. There are some-
where from 60' to 100 species; many of which
are somewhat valued for their wood, it being
need in' some cases to fill out.
The common elm of Europe, Ulmus Gam-
pestris,is largely grown there for its timber,
which is especially valuable for underground
use, or for use under water, as in making tile
drains. Must either be very dry or wet to Jast
well. It is sometimes grown in tiie United
States as a curiosity or for ornament, and could
be grown here.
The American elm, Ulmus Americana, is one
of the most graceful of all the trees of the east-
ern forests. Its wood is valuable and is used
for many purposes. Its toughness depends on
where it is grown. It is not good for fuel, and
it inclines to warp when it dries. It extends
nearly to the Kocky mountains. There
none found native here. It is highly esteemed
for its beauty. An allied species, U. fulva,
produoes the mucilagiuous bark known as
slippery elm bark, used somewhat in medicine.
Hock berries, etc., belong to this order.
Sub-order 2. The bread-fruits and figs,
trees or shrubs with a milky juice found in or
near the tropics. Upwards of 250 species are
known. There are no native species here.
Br^ad-fruit is produced upsn a tree known to
botanists as Artocarpus incisa. It is a native
of many of the islands of the Pacific. It
grows to the size of a large apple tree. The
lruit is very much like the fruit of the straw,
berry ; that is, an enlarged, ^spongy receptacle-
bearing little nuts. The whole mass is about a
foot long and is in shape not unlike a melon.
[Fig. 1 "I These fruits aregathered before they
are ripe, roaBted and eaten by the natives, and
are quite palatable. .
In 1793, they were introduced into the West
Indies, and now they are grown in nearly all
the tropical countries.
The cow tree, Galactodendron utile, is a native
of Venezuela. It grows to the hight of 80 to 100
feet, and forms large forests. Upon incisions
being made it exudes a quantity of whitish
fluid, which hasa pleasant taste, and which is
used as a substitute for milk.
The fig, JFicus carioa, is a native of- Western
Asia, but it is now grown throughout all
warmer regions of the globe. Its fruit is pecu-
liar. It is of considerable interest in this State
and no donbt will become more important.
The mulberry, Moms nigra, is a native of
Western A6ia, grown largely in Europe and
parts of the United States for its fruit. It is a
near relative of the fig.
Ficus elastica, the India rubber tree of South-
ern Asia, produoes the material from which its
name is derived; its milky juice being evapo-
rated for this purpose. It has thick, broad,
tough leaves. [Fig. 2.] This, however, is not
the tree from which most of our India rubber is
obtained.
[Allusion to which is made elsewhere in the
the course of lectures. 1 The white mulberry,
Mows alba, is extensively used for feeding Bilk-
Worms.
Osage orange, Madura aurantiaca, is used
very largely for a hedge plant. On account of
its strong spines and rigid branches, it is es-
pecially adapted for this use. It is a native of
Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas and other southern
localities.
Among the remarkable trees of this sub-order
are the upas tree, Antiaris toxicaria, a poison-
Fig. II.
through the field, allowing their clothes to
come in contact with it, and afterwards scrap-
ing off the adhering substance. The seeds are
sometimes fed to birds for the purpose of ren-
dering them drowsy enough to be caught.
The hop, Stimulus lupulus, is grown in all
countries. In its strobiles it has a secretion ,
and in this is its virtue, which renders it desir-
able in the manufacture of beer.
Devil's Gate Reviving.
Any one who visits Silver City for the first
time will see everywhere about him indications
of an old-settled country. Many of the locust
trees are six or eight inches in diameter, and
were planted at least twelve years ago. The
remains of stone cabins are visible, where the
miners in the early days of Washoe cooked
their bacon and made saleratus bread, while
visions of wealth, before which the wondrous
yield of the Gould & Curry paled, floated
through their excited imaginations. There are
the ruins of old primitive quartz mills and aras-
tras, which have been long since abandoned,
as the rich croppiugs on the surface ran into
barren quartz. The stream flowing down
Gold canon, which was one of orystal purity,
is now turbid with tailings and the refuse of
reduction works at Gold Hill. The ancient
prestige of Devil's Gate has long since faded,
and of the hundreds of prospectors who sunk
shafts and run tunnels, the mouths of which
line the road on both sides, scarcely one is
left. But the region has not been abandoned
by any means. On the contrary, its promise
is more flattering than was ever anticipated by
the most sanguine of the original miners. The
Justice, Woodville, New York, Lady Washing-
ton, aod other well-known mining companies,
are sinking shafts hundreds of feet in depth,
and have a fair prospect of striking the rich ore
of the genuine Comstock. Within the last two
years the lower end of the vein has commenced
a new era of progress. Costly hoisting-works,
supplied with new and improved machinery,
are being erected, and many mining experts
are of the opinion that developments will be
made equal in extent and richness to the best
mines further north on Ihe ledge. Silver City
itself sympathizes with the mining improve-
rs. I.
ance and also called attention to the fact that
along the line of the oraok the sagebrush and
other shrubs grew to about twice the hight of
those on either side, showing that the ground
underneath was both softer and more moist
than in other^places, as it naturally would be
where a large seam of clay came to the surface.
The difference in the growth of the vegetation ]
was so great that it could be seen at the dig.
tance of half, a mile, and the course of the crev-
ice could be traced, when it oould not be seen,
by the long line of tall bushes. We at that
time recommended prospecting on the line of
the break in the ground. Nothing was then
done, but several companies have now fallen
into line along the fissure, and are sinking i
shafts upon it. They will undoubtedly final
the true east wall of the Comstock, and may
make some discovery of great value. — Virginia
Enterprise.
B
Compound Leaf of India Bubber Tree.
oub tree of Java, and the banyan tree, Fkus
Indica, of India.
The banyan has root-like branches and one
tree may Bpread over
Five to Eight Acres.
Tbe paper mulberry, Broussouetiaiyapyrifera,
of China, Japan, and the isbnds of the Pacific,
grows from 20 to 30 feet in hight. Its bark,
which is filled with long fibers, is made into
paper and cloth. It is cultivated also as an or-
namental tree.
Sub-Order 3— The Nettles.
These are herbs, shrubs, or trees audnum-.
ber about 300 species, found in tbe temperate
or warmer climates. The gehus Urtica includes
the many species of nettles, whk-h occur as
weeds in temperate climates and aB trees in the
tropics. All are possessed of stinging bristles
which are bad enoogh in the small species
found in our latitude, but which are hardly to
be compared to those occurring in India and
Australia. One species, Urtica gigcts, found in
the latter country, grows to be a tall tree 70 to
80 feet high, and . its sting is so severe as to
even threaten death. Cattle coming in contact
with its leaves become
Furious With Pain.
Ramie, or the grass cloth plant, Bcehmerai
nivea, is a perennial herb; a native of China. It
is coming into cultivation for its fiber, whicb is
made into a fine, linen-like cloth. It is culti-
vated in tbe Southern U. S. andin India.
Sub-order 4 — The Hemp and Hop.
There are two species. Hemp, Cannabis
sativa, is a native of northern India. It is
grown in theTJ. S. for its fiber, and in parts of
India fop smoking, It possesses narcotic
properties lying between tobacco and opium.
From the dried plaDt are obtained what are in
India known as Quvjah and Bhang. The first
is smoked; the latter, made into an intoxicating
drink. The vinue3 of gunjah and bhang aie
concentrated iu the resinous matter found on
the stems and leaves. It is highly intoxicating,
and servants sometimes obtain it by running
Fruit and Leaf of Bread Fruit Tree.
ments in its vicinity, and is improving with as-
tonishing rapidity- On the hills on the east
side of town a great number of elegant .and
substantial dwellings were erected last season,
and the number wall be doubled during the
coming summer. Real estate is held at a high
figure, and, from present appearance, it will
not be long before a continuous city extends
from below Silver Citv on the south to Cedar
Hill on the north. — Virginia Enterprise.
The American Patent System.
The Society of Arts, in England, has been
discussing a paper proposing the abolition of
the patent system; and the debate wandered
into a desultory comparison of the codes of the
different countries. Mr. H. D. Wood distin-
guiBhed himself by an attack on the Amerioan
system, which may have seemed plausible to
his auditors, but which certainly displays con-
siderable ignorance of the subject. The cardi- !
nal differences between tbe English and Amer-
ican practice seem to have been quietly ignore'd.
In .this country an attempt is made by the'
Patent Office to inquire iuto the novelty of an
invention; and this inquiry, though it may not
be absolutely conclusive, is at leatt as thorough
as the inventor could make for himself. The
fees he pays purchase for him, therefore, the
advice of an ^expert; and when he goes into
court, if necessary to sustain his claims, he is
backed by the moral force of the verdict
already rendered in his favor by the examiner.
For much less money than the English appli-
cant is forced to pay he gets much greater
value. An English patent has no greater force
than the announcement of an invention in a
newspaper. It carries no presumption with it,
in favor of the patentee. Mr. Wood mentioned
a number of specificalions issued at Washing*
ton, whicb he regarded as trivial and UBeleeB.t
They included, according to the published
report of his remarks, the opening of an em
velope by means of a thread affixed thereto, «
method of fixing a small mirror to a toilet*
glass to enable a lady to see her back hahya
method of cutting boot soles, the packing oil
ground hops in air-tight cases, and the making
of shovels of cast iron. Assuming that each ol
these was novel, we do not see why they shouldi
be branded as useless. The object of a patent
is to make it the interest of somebody to intro-i
duce a new device. If it is useful enough tc
make people buy it, then the granting of the
patent is certainly justified. If not, then what
harm has been done?
It is true that the overworked and underpaid
examiners of our Patent Office are not always
thorough and intelligent enough in their in
quiries, and that even the remedy of aprjeal,
the Commissioner does not make the workii
of our system perfect. There is room also fo;
an honest and consistent opposition to ai
patent system whatever, and a preference ft
some other reward, or no reward at all to thrt
inventor. But what we claim is, that if
patent system is to be maintained, the America)
is by far the best, inasmuch as it makes thil
burden upon the applicant as light as possible
and gives him as much as possible for hi
money .--Exchange,
The Gold Hill Chasm.— Although Gold Hill
may have no big bonanza just at present about
which to brag, she can boast the most extensive
crack in the country. This crack, fissure or
ohasm made its appearance on the surface
of the ground to the eastward of Fort Home-
stead over a'year ago, since which time it has
gradually been increasing in size. At present
it is about three-quarters of a mile in length
and two aDd three teefin width in places. The
site 'of the town of Gold Hill has been under-
mined by the various companies who have for
yearB been engaged in working that portion of
the Comstock, and the underground workings
have ever been carried under tbe base of the
hill on which stands Fort Homestead.
This hill stands just east of Main street, and it
appears — by the chasm which has opened be-
hind it — to be gradually settling. As the
ground which has been worked out is not only
timbered, but is also everywhere filled in with
waste rock, there appears to be
danger of anything more than a gradual
settling. As tbe big crevice has not followed
raviues and other natural depressions, but
holds a straight course across hills and hollows
alike, it is evident that the break must be
through a weak place in the underlying rook
and as this weak streak can be nothing else
than a lartje clay seam, there can be no doubt
the opening is nlong a portion of the east clay
wall of the Comstock lode. We suggested this
at the time the orevioe , first made its appear-
Glove Manufactory.
There are quite a number of glove manufac
turers in various parts of the State. There ar
several in this city to which we propose to mak
particular reference in future numbers. Ther
s an establishment of this kind in Napa, in
which an, average of seventy-five deer and fift
sheep skins are daily converted into glove ma
terial. The process of tanning employed thera
says the Napa Begister, is a secret. It is esiett
tially a ohemical process of which the publi
know nothing, except its beautiful results.
An article of sheep glove leather is madi
ihere of wonderful strength and exquisite fit
ish. It is really beautiful. It is made t
various slyles and colors to suit the publi
taste. Deer skins are also finished up in
variety of styles to suit the market. Tti
weekly product of glove leather averages 75
skins, The raw material is purchased at a
points in the interior i^nd along the coast froi
tbe Columbia river to tbe Mexican boundary
The purchases are generally direct, and nt
through Commission houses. Here may I
seen piled up by hundreds, or perhaps thorn
ands, deer skins iu all stages of manufadurt
In addition to the above about 9,000 she*
p : Its are tanned and made into ordinary leatht
monthly. They yield about 20,000 pounds i
wool. Wool washing is also carried on extei
sively, and for two or three months in tl
year, from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds of wool p<
day are cleaned and graded. There are mac
locatities in the State where this branch of bu
iness might be profitably introduced.
The Speinging of Shafts.— If a shaft spriuj
in running, the trouble lies probably in eithi
too small diameter of the shaft for its weigl
and velocity, a set of unbalanced pulleys, or (
unequal strain on either side by the belts.
March 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
183
UsEfjL IftfOF^AJION.
Physiology of Eggs.
Every fowl has two em nil organs near the
extremity of the body called the ovaria. They
are filled with elastic tissue, and feel uuder the
fiDger like a sponge. The eggs are started
here, nod those which will mature a year or two,
or three years hence, are in embryo. One is
forced up, is Bized by the stroma, which in
seventeen inches long and parsed rapidly
throngh. When the egg leaves the ovary it
consists of yolk only, but in its passage through
that hhort canal tho yolk is surrounded by
enougb albumen to perfect the chick. The
1 white of the egg has in it all that nature requires
I for making bones, muscles, blood vessels, con-
1 necting tissues, t-kiu and feathers.
Just before the egg leaves the body, this
canal has the power of secreting lime for the
shell. This shows how valuable the egg is as
nutriment, and also what demands are made
for rich food by a hen that layB an egg daily.
Besides what she requires for her sustenance,
ehe is called upon to secrete ths material for
tho body of an entire chick, and also retains
for the little creature sufficient to last many
hours after it leaves the sholl. It show- also
that a hen cannot make albumen so rapidly
except out of albuminous food, such as wheat,
meat and small animals.
It is not true that there are a certain number
of eggs, and that tbis number exhausted, no
I more can be expected; but it is true that the
I secretions lessen as old age comes on, and
I latterly the hen fiils to have sufficient force to
I carry forward the process. The practical bear-
I ing of this U that we must see that the fowl is
I always well kept. The way to have g»ud layiug
I pullets is to quicken the circulation and
I strengthen the system by liberal nutriment.
I The yolk i* i'ood for the first three or fuur days.
I Careful housewives make a mistake by attempt-
I ing to feed them before the expiration of this
I time. Let the mother bird have charge and
I success will be certain, for she knows better
1 than any man cau what the chick requires. —
I Poultry Review.
A New Preventive fob the Effects of
I Bee-Stings.— Mr. G. Walker has made some
I interesting (but unpleasant; experiments lately,
I whereby he has proved that immunity from the
1 pain and other effects of the slings of bees can
I be obtained by inoculation. The following de-
I scription of his manner of experimentalizing on
I himself is takin from the Lancet:
He went to one of his hives, caught a bee,
I placed it on his wrist, and allowed it (o sting
U him, taking care that he received the largest
■ amount of poison by preventing it from going
I away at once. The first few slings he got dur-
| ing this experiment had the usual effect; the
I whole of his forearm was affected with a cuta-
I neons erysipelas, and there was disorder of the
I nerves, accompanied with heat, redness, swell-
II ing and pain. This attack lasted till Tuesday,
U and on Wednesday, October 7ih, he was so far
II recovered that, followiug the same plan, he
H stnng himself three times mure, also on the
I wrist. The attack of erysipelas this time was
Q not nearly so severe, but, as before, he felt a
I stinging sensation as far up as bis shoulder,
U and he noticed that a lymphatic gland behind
I his ear had increased considerably in size, the
I poison haviog been taken up by the lymphatic
I system. On Saturday, October 10th, he again
I treated himself to three stings, and the pain
■ was considerably less, though the swelling was
I still extensive. At the eod of the next week
I (October 17th) he h id eighteen stings; then he
H Btung himself seven times more duriug the next
■ week and reached the number of thirty-two on
H October 31st, the course of the experiment hav-
I ing lasted nearly four weeks. After the twen-
I tieth sting there was very little swelling or
■ pain, only a slight itching sensation, with a
I small amount of inflammation in the immedi-
I ate neighborhood of the part stnng, which did
1 not spread turther.
Mode of Ascertaining the Various Kinds
I of Materials in Mixed Fabrics.— A German
H industrial journal gives, after M. Vupp, the fol-
H lowing treatment for fabrics containing silk and
H wool, with vegetable fibers. All vegetable
I fibers resist caustic alkaline solutions^ even
| when boiling, and are dissolved by sulphuric,
nitric, hydrochloric acids, even when diluted
with odor. Vegetable fibers when burnt do
not give forth any characteristic odor. Wool,
insoluble in the above acids, is readily attacked
by caustic alkalies, especially when hot; the
sulphur which it contains combines with the
alkali, and the solution becomes blaok when
acetate of lead is added to it. In burning,
wool produces the same smeU as horn. Silk is
dissolved both in the acids and the caustic al-
kalies, and produces an odor similar to that of
wool, but it contains no sulphur, and, conse-
quently, its solution in alkalis is not blackened
by acetate of lead. In order to distinguish
these materials in a tissue, it is treated first
I with concentrated hydrochloric acid, cold; the
residue is then washed in a filter, and, if neces-
sary, bleached, by means of water containing
I chlorine, and then washed again in pure water
and boiled with caustic soda, which dissolves
tne wool, leaving the vegetable fiber intact.
The wool is distinguished from silk by adding
acetate of lead to the liquid, as already men-
i tioned.
A Destructive Woem. — It is estimated that
the army worm destroys $50,000,000 worth of
I cotton annually in the Southern States,
Effects of Poisons on Molluscs.
Professor William North Rice, of Bliddletnwn.
Conn., states that among the most interesting
results of his experiments was the observation
that certain poisons, which act with extreme
violence upon the mamilia, are very fdtble in
their action on molluscs. This is especially
true of hvdrocyania. acid and woorara. Speci-
mens of illy'inas$*t obsolete, immersed in dilute
hydrocyanic acid on Fridty, showed somewh.it
feeble signs of life on the following Tuesday.
A specimen of huiatvt Zeros, into which a quan-
tity of woorara hud been iujecte 1, was found
the next day to show uo sign of any injury.
Indeed, both of these poisons seemed to pro-
duce death very little sooner than the uniiuals
would have died in stale water. The sudden
introduction of a large amount of carbouic
acid in the manner which has been described,
seemed to produce no docided effect. On the
other hand, chloral hydrate seems to be very
suddenly fatal, the auiinals treated with it be-
coming instiutly contracted, and not resumine
their activity when kept for a number of hours
in sea water. Cyanide of potassium is similar
in its effects, though not quite so instantane-
ously fatal. The effects of quinine are similar,
though less energetic. Chloroform produces
iuBtuutaueous contraction, and probably death.
"Watered Butter. — In the course of some
investigations made by Professors Angell and
Hehner, England, out of analyses of fifteen
samples of butter which were determined by
them, twelve of the samples, which were un-
doubtedly good butter, contained 6 to 13 per
cent, of water; the astonishing quantity of 42 3
per cent, was found in one sample from Lon-
don, or an excess of about 32 per cent, of
water, for which Londoners pay from 32 to 48
oents per pound. Another butter from the
same place had 24 per cent., these high ratios
being due to the fact that the butter had been
treated with milk. On the other hand, a sam-
ple purchased in Ventuor was found to contain
under 4 per cent, of r water, and according to
the author it contained 50 per cent of foreign
fat. The authors also found that genuiue
butter spread out on a sheet of paper and ex-
posed for a week to the air in the laboratory
became, so far as the senses could judge, indis-
tinguishable from tallow.
QOOD HE^LTH'
Don't Worry About Yourself.
To retain or recover health, persons should
be relieved from anxiety concerning disease.
The mind has power over the body. For a
person to think he has a disease, will often
produce that disease. This we see effected
when the mind is intensely concentrated upon
the disease of another. It is found in the hos-
pitals that surgeons and physicians who make
a specialty of certain diseases are liable to die
of them themselves; and the mental power is
so great that sometimes people die of diseases
which they have only in imagination. We have
seen a person seaBick in anticipation of a voy-
age, before reaching tha vessel. We have
known a person to die of cancel in the stomach,
when they had no cancer or any other mortal
disease. A blindfold man, slightly pricked in
the arm, has fainted and died from believing
that he was bleeding to death. Therefore, well
persons, to remain well, should be cheerful and
happy; and sick persons should have their at-
tention directed as much aspossiulefrom them-
selves. It is by their faith that men are saved ;
and it is by their faith they die. As a man
thiuketh so iB he. If he wills not to die, he
can often live in spite of disease; and if he has
little or no attachment to life, he will slip away
as easily as a child will fall asleep. Men live
by their souls and not by their bodies. Their
bodies have no life of themselves; they are
only receptacles of life — tenements for their
souls, and the will has much to do in continu-
ing the physical occupancy or giving it up.
The increased longeviiy of latter times is
less owing to improved therapeutics than im-
proved hygiene. Dr. Lion Playfair says in a
late paper read at Glasgow: When the Egypt-
ian, Greek and Roman civilizations expired
with their baths and divine maxims about ablu-
tions and purifications, dirt reigned for a thou-
sand years. Not a man or woman in Europe
ever tookabath; hence tho spotted plagues, the
black deaths, the sweating sickness, the dancing
manias, the mewing manias, and biting manias
that ravaged the people and cut off in the mid-
dle ages, one-fourth of the entire population.
Beligioncame to the aidof dirt; the more filthy
a saiut was the more saintly he was considered.
Some of the hermits never changed their
clothes, and only combed their hair once a
year. St. Anthony never washed his feet, and
St. Thomas a Becket's under garments acquired
an additional sanctity from the vermin they
contained. Nervous diseases, the result of
superstition, were frequent, and often attributed
to demons. _^_
Shock of Railway Accidents. — Shocks in
railway accidents require to be treated with
perfect rest and sleep. We have known the
effeots of a s^oek to last a whole year. Many
lives are lost ait r railroad acciden's for want
of perfect quiet and nest for days, often weeka.
If a bone is fractured, when the cars run off
the track and the train is broken to pieces, it is
palpable to the senses; but injury to the nervous
system may be more severe, and no i- ye can detect
it, and the patient thinks it fright when it is a
positive injury to the nervous system.
Insulated Beds.
Au insulated bed is oue set on some non-
conductor of electricity, so iho electricity can-
not flow to and from it freely. Theirusefulness
U us yet ajmatter of experiment. Their valuo
might be tested by invalids, at little expense,
for an insulated bed can be made by placing
the four feet on four strong class tumblers. Dr.
Wagenhols, of Columbus, Ohio, recently read
an article on the subject before a medioal soci-
ety. dt-t tiling many oaeeti of acute rheumatism
which had bion benefited by sleeping on an in-
sulated bed. We quote:
"On December 25th, 1871, I was attacked
with rheumatism of the ancle and knee joints
in one limb, then the other. I treated myself
actively by alkalies, opiates, etc., in the ordin-
ary manner recognized by the profession as
ofmost value in thin disease. I was unable to
leave my bed for three months, could not walk
until April, 1872, aud did not fully recover un-
til the warm weathor iu Jun«. On the lGth
day of December I was again assailed by my
tormentor, treated myself as before, 'and I
thought myself happy' that I was able to be
out of my room in eight weeks, privileged to
hobble around the streets of the city with the
aid of a cane. Warm weather restored me to
health, and during the summer aud winter I
attended to my professional duties. On Febru-
ary 16th, 1874, while I was congratulating my-
self that I should escape my annual attack, I
was suddenly seized in the night time with se-
vere pain in both ankles. In the morning I
failed, after an ardent effort, to leave my bed.
Fever was intense, as also the swelling of ankle
and knee joints. A sense of coldness of the
lower extremities existed, which was even more
distressing than the pain caused by the swell-
ing of the joints. This condition continued
until the morning of the 18th. From the 10th
to the 18th I was unable to sleep. Ou the
morniug of the 18th I insulated my bed by caus-
ing the legs of the bedstead to be placed ia four
glass tumblers. I fell into a profound sle ep, wak-
ening on the morning of Cthe 19ih bathed in a
profuse perspiration, without the aid of anody-
nes. I steadily improved, and in a few days was
out of my room.
"This single case is of little consequence,
but the Doctor gives a large number of others
corroborating it. How much is due to insula-
tion and how much to the expectation of a
cure, we cannot tell. As the remedy is per-
fectly hygienic and easily tried, we hope fur-
ther experiments will be made.
The closing part of Dr. Wagenhol's paper is
suggestive, and we quote it:
" One of the patients makes mention of the
sensation of drowsioess which came over him
by the prolonged use of the insulated bed.
This I have noticed in several cases, and dis-
tinctly observed it in my own. Now the ques-
tion is, do the effects of this form of treatment,
which in comparison with our former modes,
is simply marvelous, depend upon expectant
attentipn? Is it another specimen of the
wonerful power the mind has over the body, or
does it depend upon changing the electric
state of the body? It certainly deserves atten-
tion, as, in either case the patient is benefited,
and this is the end of all therapeutics.
"I have in my possession several communi-
cations from gentlemen of worth and eminence
in the profession, who fully corroborate my ex-
perience in the particulars set forth; and I am
confident that if this subject, which I deem im-
portant to the profession as well as to the com-
munity, is properly tried and thoroughly
investigated, much information will be gained
and large beneficial results will be accomplished.
"We live to learn; as we learn we advance in
knowledge, onr information and attainments
expand, and thus our usefulness is made felt in
communities in which we reside, and our vigor
and energy is undaunted, by reason of the good
reBultB we obtain." — Herald of Health.
A Cure for Lockjaw.
In the course of lectures recently delivered
before the British Society of Arts, by Dr.
Benjamin Richardson, the following important
remarks were made upon nitrate of amyl:
One of these specimens — I mean the nitrate
of amyl, has within the last few years obtained
a remarkable importance, owing to its extraor-
dinary action upon the body. A distinguished
chemist. Professor Guthrie, while distilling over
nitrite of amyl from amylic alcohol, observed
that the vapor when inhaled quickened his cir-
culation and made him feel as if he had been
ruoning. There was flushing of his face, rapid
aotion of his heart, and breathlessness. In
1861-2 I made a careful and prolonged study of
the action of this singular body, and discovered
that it produced its effects by causing an ex-
treme relaxation, first of the blood vessels and
afterward of the muscular fibers of the body.
To such an extent did this agent thus relax, I
found it would overcome the tetanic spasm
produced by strychnia; and having thus dis-
covered its action, I ventured to propose its use
for removing the spasm in some of the extrem-
est spasmodic diseases. The results have more
than realized my expectations. Under the in-
fluence of this agent, one of the most agonizing
of known human maladies, celled anyind
pectoris, has been brought under such control
that the paroxysms have been regularly pre
vented; and in one- instance at least altogether
removed. Even tetanus, or lockjaw, has been
subdued by it; and in two instances of an ex-
treme kind, so effectively as to warrant the
credit of what may be truly called a cure.
Domestic Ecopopy
Living to Eat, and Eatinq to Live.— Eat-
ing is a necessity of life, but tho spectacle pre-
sented at some tables wheu the family has as-
sembled for a meal might well suggest the
question, do these teople know why they eat?
To be sure no little knowledge is "requisite if
we would supply the wants of nature in the
proper manner; but is there any hardship in
iulormiug one's solf with respect to so impor-
tant a matter as the preservation of a strong,
healthy body? Is health, and its aooessory
ability to pei form life's duties well, a minor
consideration, quito inferior to a knowledge of
arithmetic, or geography, or of the meohauios
or music? Au eminent English observer has
said that "a man must live forty years before
he knows how to eat. " True enough accord-
ing to the prevalent mode of gathering the
knowledge of what is fit or unfit for our stom-
achs as we go along in life, thus making our
syBtem a sort of experimental laboratory for the
analysis of all sorts of so-called pabulum. And
how few survive forty years of oonstant expe-
riments with their alimentary function.
The masses are yet quite ignorant of the
philosophy of nutrition, and riot in their igno-
rance. The housewife may be skilled in the
preparation of toothsome dishes, but very
rarely knows what is suitable or unsuitable
among her materials for the uses of the body.
If the article "tastes good," that quality is
generally a sufficient, warrant for its appropri-
ation.— Annual of Phrenology.
The modern kitchen is the cooks fortress;
from it drawing-room company is carefully and
jealously excluded. In all families the chil-
dren look upon the kitchen as a paradise of
dainty devices. In some they are never allow-
ed to jenter; but in others the little missy is
sometimes privileged to make a bit of paste
into ducks and drakes, or to knead some dough
into a cake for the doll's birthday. Such frivol-
ities a modern cook sternly represses. She sup-
poses the young ladies will want to make pud-
dings next or to come down and try recipes out
of "them rubbishiog books." She has no no-
tion of encouragiug such pranks. A favor has
to be made of leave to use. her bowls and
spoons, and the young officer just home from
his regiment dare not venture into the sacred
precinct to concoct a real Indian curry or a
Mulligatawny piilaw unless he has first ascer-
tained that cook is in a good humor. Even the
lady of the house is informed very plainly that
after her morning visit Bhe is not expected to
disturb the quiet of the lower regions.
How to Cook Oatmeal.— First, be sure to
get new, fresh oatmeal, as if it becomes damp
or old it is bitter. Put one quart of water into
a tinned stew pan, salt sufficient to be palata-
ble; stir in carefully so as not to have it lumpy,
three or four handfuls of oatmeal. Put it over
the fire and stir continually until it has swollen
all it will, using care not to have it burn on
the bottom. When it ha:i swollen all it will,
add more water, and then put the stew pan
into a kettle of hot water and leave it cooking
for several hours— the longer the better, as the
longer it is cooked the softer and more jelly-
like it becomes. Having the Btew pan in
another kettle of hot water prevents its burn-
ing on the bottom, and you are relieved from
constant stirring. It is good with milk, syrup
or sweetened milk, or even with butter alone.
Something New in the Preservation of
Fruit. — The following method for the preser-
vation of fruit has been patented in England.
The fruit is pluced ioto a vertical vessel in lay-
ers, separated by layers of pulverized
white sugar, and is then covered with
alcohol of 80 degrees Gay Lnssac. Af-
ter 12 hours the closed vessel is inverted and
the maoreation allowed to continue from 12 to
72 hours, according to the nature of the fruit,
which is then removed and allowed to drain
and dry. About two pounds of sugar and two
pounds of alcohol are recommended for four
pounds of fruit.
Eaised Connecticut Doughnuts. — Hoat a
pint of milk jast lukewarm, and stir into a
small cup of melted lard and sifted floor, till it
is a thick batter, add a small cup of domestic
yeast, and keep it warm till the batter is light,
then work ioto it four beaten eggs, two cups of
sugar rolled free from lumps, a teaspoonfnl of
salt, and two of cinnamon. When the whole
is well mixed, knead in wheat flour until as
stiff as biscuit doughs Set where it will keep
warm, till of spongy lightne-s, then roll the
aough out half an inch thiek, and cut into
cakes. Let them remain till light, then fry
them in hot lard.
Crusted Apple Pudding. — Pare, core and
stew slightly, two quarts of tart mellow apples,
and place them in a pudding dish ; then, to one
and a half pints of wheat meal, add one gill of
Zante currants, and boiling water enough to
make a dough, stirring lightly until mixed; roll
it out one-third of an inch thick, and spread
over the apples. Bake it in a quick oven forty
or fifty minutes, take out, reverse on a hot
plate, mash the apples with a spoon, and
sweeten, if desired; cut it in pieces like a pie,
and serve warm, with some fresh sauce.
Shakespeare Case.— Six cups of flour; one
of sugar; one of rich cream; eight eggs.
184
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 20, 1875
W. B. BWEB Senior Editor.
DEWEY & CO., X»ixl>listLers.
4 T. DHWEV, OEO* H* STRONG
W. B. BWBB, WO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising Bates:
Bubbobiptionh payable In advanoe— For one year, $4;
Six months, $2.25; three months, $1.26. Remittances
by Rejristered letters or P. O. orders at our risk
Advertising Kates. — 1 week. 1 monih. 3 monies. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.1)0 $5.00
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Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special of
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices oppearin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
Inserted at special rates.
@an Francisco:
Saturday Morning. March 20. 1875
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AKTD GENERAL NEWS —
Hydraulic Mining in California — No. 17, 117.
Among the Foundries and Machine Shops ; Ooal as a
Baw Material; Notices of Recent Patents, 184.
Terraces in the Coast Range; Academy of Sciences;
A Rustic Shelter, 185.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Hydraulic Mining in Califor-
nia—No. 17, 177. A Rustic Shelter, 185.
CORRESPONDENCE.— Mexican Mines, 178.
MEC SANICAL PROGRESS. — New Uses for
Copper; Mioa Substitute for Stoves; Brass vs. Phos-
phor Bronze Bearings for Rolling Mill Use; New
Pottery G-laze; Improvements in Telegraphic Appa-
ratus; Achievements by the Sand Blast; Steel vs.
Iron, 179.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Progress of Solar
Chemistry; Relative Effect of White and Red Hot
Irons on Flesh Texture; Curious Facts About Sponges;
Wind-drift Erosion; Interesting Investigation; The
Report of the Geological Survey of Missouri; Im-
mense Photographs; The Evaporation of Metals by
Eleotricity, 179.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's sales
at the San FranciBco Stock Board; Notioes of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock
Market for the Week, 180.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California and Nevada, 180-81-
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 182.
USEFUL INFORMATION. — Physiology of
Eggs; A New Preventive for the Effects of Bee-Stings;
Mode of Ascertaining the Various Kinds of Materials
in Mixed FabricB; Effects of Poisons on Molluscs;
Watered Butter, 183.
GOOD HEALTH. -Don't Worry About Yourself;
Shook cf Railway Accidents; Insulated Beds; A Cure
for Lockjaw, 183.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Living to Eat, and
Eating to Live; How to Cook Oatmeal; Something
New in the Preservation of Fruit; Raised Connecticut
Doughnuts; Crusted Apple Pudding, 183.
MISCELLANEOUS. — Open Ore Markst, 178.
Devil's Gate Reviving; The Gold Hill Chasm; The
American Patent System; Glove Manufactory; The
Springing of Shafts, 182.
Quicksilveb in Oregon.— The Jacksonville
Times says: The cinnabar deposits discovered
in Sam's valley are reported to be exceedingly
rioh in the metal. This district is said to em-
braoe about ten miles of country, several of
which are already claimed. One of the locators
claims that he does not exaggerate in the least
when he says these mines will rival the New
Almaden in point of abundance and richness.
The rock is of a yellow cast, but when crushed
exhibits a blood-red color, strongly impregna-
ted with quicksilver. Some work haa been
done on these mines, and those interested are
sanguine of having struck it rich.
The "City of Peking" reached Yokohama
on the 13th inst., making the voyage from this
port in 20 days, two days less than the sched-
ule time. Sbe lost a propeller arm on the
voyage. It will be remembered that she lost
three arms on the voyage from New York to
San Francisco, The "City of Tokio" alsolost
an arm of her propeller on the voyage out.
The Silver City (Idaho) Avalanche, says:
"The prospect for lively times the coming
spring are deoidedly brighter than ever before
known in this camp. All the mines on War
Eagle^ mountain were never in such good shape
for yielding large quantities of good ore as
they are at present, and preparations are being
made for a vigorous mining campaign during
the coming summer."
Society Islands.— A correspondent asks us
the rates of fare to the Society islands by
steamer. No steamer runs there, but schoon-
ers leave here for the islands about once a
month, the f.ire on which is $75. The islands
are about 30 days' sail from this port.
The partuersbip heretofore existing between
W. A. Go dyear and I. A. Blake, civil aod
mining engineers, has been dissolved. Mr.
Goodyear is now to be found at room 76, No*.
120 Sutter street, and Mr. Blake's office is at
room 10, Mercantile Library building.
The Central Paci0c railroad company has
declared its second dividend. This one ia six
percent., aggregating $3,256,530, or $6 per
share.
We have received from A.. L. Bancroft & Co.
"Brush's Determinative Miuemlogy and Blow
Pipe Analysis," a short review of which ap-
peared in last week's issue.
Among the Foundries and Machine
Shops.
Of the work accomplished at our maehine
shops since the last issue of the Pbeps we no-
tice the boiler for the steamboat James M.
Donahue, made at the
San Francisco Boiler Works,
And placed in poBition on Saturday last.
This boiler is the largest ever constructed on
the Pacific coast; the diameter of the shell is
11 feet, 6 inches; 14 feet acrosa the front;
length of boiler, 23 feet, 6 inches; hight from
bottom of boiler to top of chimney, 26 feet, 8
inohes; hight of smoke-stack, 40 feet, diameter,
52 inches; weight of boiler, 46 tons. The
type is, a flue and return tubular. It ia de-
signed for either wood or coal.
In this connection we might speak some-
what particularly of the Donahue. She is built
to the order of Mr. Peter Donahue, and de-
signed to run from this city to Donahue in con-
nection with the Northern Pacific railroads.
She is a side-wheel steamboat of 750 ton bur-
then; 220 feet long; breadth of beam, 32 feet;
depth of hold, 9% feet. Being intended only
for a day boat, she has but six state rooms,
four of these being large and intended for fam-
ily, or, in steamboat parlance, "bridal rooms,"
located in the forward part of the main saloon.
The lower cabin is fitted for a dining saloon.
The upper or promenade deck is covered, and
extends forward nnd aft 180 feet, its interior
furnished and ample light afforded by windows
on the sides. The cabin front and dining sa-
loon will be hard wood finish; the interior of
the main and of the upper saloon is to be done
in white and gilt. The engine iB of tbe vertical
beam pattern. Diameter of the cylinder, 48
inches by 11 feet stroke. The wheels, of the
composite type, are 28 feet, 6 inohes in diam-
eter; width ot buckets, 8 feet; depth of buck-
ets, 24 inches. The Donahue is a finely mod-
eled, roomy boat; will be fitted with all the
appliances necessary for the comfort and safety,
of passengers, and will be a oredit to our
naval architecture. Her construction has been
under the general supervision of Capt. W. W.
Vanderbilt, for a quarter of a century in the
employ of the P. M. S. S. Co., and for a good
portion of the time their general superintend-
ent. The hull was designed by Mr. Wm. A.
Collier, Mr. Daniel Boss is executing the
wood and carpenter work, and Capt. Wm. Gal-
liway acts as overseer. It is expected that the
Donahue will be ready to take her place in the
line about the middle of April.
The San Francisco works has also a large
amount of miscellaneous work on hand, indif-
ferent stages of completion, among which we
notice the following: Two steel boilers for
tbe Bay sugar refinery, two boilers for the
Golden Gate mills; nine miles of 24-inch water
pipe for the Contra Costa water company; two
boilers for the Miners' foundry; 1100 feet of
48-inch pipe for the San Leandro tunnel, and
the tanks lor the Palace Hotel, nearly com-
pleted.
The Hope Iron Works.
Mr. W. W. Hanscom, late of the iEtna
works, is engaged in erecting a foundry and
machine shop on the corner of Minnesota and
Santa Clara streets, (Portrero). The building
when completed will be 260 feet long by 40 feet
broad, to be divided as follows : Machine
shop, 160 by 40; foundry, 100 by 40. It is to
be known as the "Hope" iron works. A boiler
is in course of construction , for this establish-
ment at the San Francisco boiler works. Mr.
Hanscom'a reputation as an engineer and
practical founder ensures the excellence of any
work be undertakes. He intends making a
specialty of vertical stationery and propeller
engines, for yachts and small steamers. Mr.
Hanscom hopes to have his works in opera-
tion within thirty days
Galice Greek. — Concerning mining matters
in Southern Oregon, the Times of last Saturday
says: The weather of the past week has been
rainy and disagreeable, so as to render pros-
peoting and other mining developments almost
out of the question. Several oitizene of Jack-
sonville have returned from Galice creek, but
report no further developments. There are
about 150 people there at present; but large
numbers are constantly coming and goiDg, us
the accommodations are not ample enough as
yet.
H. G. Cavin and James Leathean arrived
lately from Cornucopia. They report the
weather as having been very stormy, with sev-
eral ioches of snow at that camp when they
left there. They speak v^ry highly of tbs
prospects of the camp, and prediot for it a
brilliant future.
The total yield of the Consolidated Virginia
mine for the month of February was $1,205,-
390. This and the payment by the company of
a dividend of $10 per share speaks well for the
bonanza mines.
The Virginia City Enterprise advises miners
snd laboring men not to come to the Com*tock
range seeking work, as there are twice as many
men there now as can at present find employ-
ment. r
Coal as a Raw Material.
Professor Wm. H. Brewer, who was former-
ly connected with the California State Geo-
logical Survey, and now Professor of Agricul-
ture at Yale College, delivered a very interest,
ing lecture at the State University on Friday,
the 12th inst., on " Coal as a Baw Material."
Wo regret that our space prevents our giving
more than a brief synopsis of the lecture.
Professor Brewer is well known on this coast
from his connection with the Geological Sur-
vey, and scientific matters generally.
Eleven yearB ago, the lecturer Btated, he had
delivered a course of lectures to the old Col-
lege of California. He had not finished the
subject on that occasion, so he would now
partly complete the course, and also give some
of tiitj discoveries that had been made sinoe
that time. As the title of the lecture indicated,
coal was to be discussed, not with regard to its
common use as a fuel, but as a raw material
out of which other substances can be made.
The Sun the Fountain -Head of Force.
It is now a well recognized fact that coal is
of vegetable origin, made perhaps of swampy
material, or of vast forests. It occurs in exten-
sive strata, sandwiched in as it were between
other kinds of rock, and not in veins, as silver,
copper, and many other metallic ores are found.
Its use as a fuel, although comparatively re-
cent, has become so general that it need only
be referred to. But, besides its ubo for this
purpose, an immense number of substances are
made from coal, many of which are worth
more than their weight in gold. It is interest-
ing to follow out the theory of the conservation
of force in coal. This theory is, as its name
indicates, that force is never destroyed, being
simply changed from one kind of force to anoth-
er. According to this idea the sun is the foun-
tain head of all force on this earth. So that
when coal is burned we are merely receiving
the heat and light shed by the sun on vegota-
tion in bygone geological eras. All forces used
on this earth are derived from the sun, direct-
ly or indirectly, except the force of the tides,
which has been utilized to some extent. In
this State there is another variety of force not
dependent on the sun, which may at some fu-
ture date be rendered available, but which as
yet is rather unmanageable — earthquakes. The
l'otoe derived from the sun, through the instru-
mentality of eoal, may be better appreciated
when it is stated that it has been estimated that
steam, at the present day, does the work of a
thousand million men.
Coal consists principally of carbon, with
which is united kydrogen and oxygen, together
with some earthy matter, and is divided ac-
cording to the amount of volatile matter con-
tained, into anthracite and bituminous or soft
coal. The former is used for fuel only, and
the differences between the two are similar to
those between charcoal and wood — charcoal,
like anthracite, burning with little blaze but in-
tense heat.
Substances Made from Coal.
But the lecture is not to deal so much with
the useB of coal for heating purposes as its
UB6B for the manufacture of other valuable sub-
stances. These substances, although made
from the coal, are not necessarily in it, as soda,
which is not found in appreciable amounts in
sea-water, is nevertheless made from the salt
contained. 80 grapes contain juice from which
brandy can be made; from the brandy, vinegar;
from the vinegar in connection with lead, sugar
of lead, and so on.
It is impossible to go into much detail with
regard to the innumerable products resulting
from coal. So only a few can be considered,
Leaving out the use of coal for ornamental pur-
poses in the form of jet, the principal products
are the results of the distillation of the coal.
This distillation occurs in the gas works
where the coal is heated in large iron retorts,
and is separated into three parts, a solid part
remaining in the retort as coke; a gaseous part,
purified by passing through water, and other
chemical substances, and delivered to the con-
sumer finally, as common illuminating gas;
and lastly, a liquid part; condensed in the wa-
ter. Coke is not the least important of the
products. It has a much greater heating power
than bituminous coal, and in some parts of
Pennsylvania it is made for smeltfng iron. As
coke is used for galvanic batteries, it assists in
carrying news around this world on the tele-
graph. As for gas, its uses are too well known
to need mentioning.
Profit on Gas.
The cheapness of gas, considering only the
cost of the necessary coal, is rather astonish-
ing to one who has never thought upon the
subject. A few years ago the lecturer had oc-
casion to make some inquiries regarding the
cost of gas in the Eastern States, and he found
that in one large city, deducting the value of
the coke, coal-tar, etc., from the cost of the
coal, the gas cost but five cents per thousand
feet, and it was sold in the same town for
three dollars per thousand, though of course
this was not all profit.
Coal Tar.
This substance, black, dirty, with a disagree-
able odor, would Stem to be the last substance
in the world from which anything of value
o.iuld be obtained. But by the. researches of
the modern chemists this disagreeable sub-
stance has been used in the production of com
pounds of great value, and approaching the
rainbow in brilliancy. Coal tar is sometimes
used as such, for painting fences, railroad ties,
etc., on account of its preservative properties, I
but commonly one of its products, carbolic
acid, is used for this purpose. Ammonium
salts are also made fiom this same substance in
many places, and used either as manures or for
manufacturing ammonia. The results oi the
distillation of coal tar, left in the retort, is
called asphaltum, differing considerably from
what is known by tbe same name in California,
butbtiog used for similar purposes.
There are many oils resulting from the dis-
tillation of coal tar, sume of the light ones be-
ing used to produce local insensibility to pain,
such as the freezing of the gum to which the
dentist resorts. One of these light oils, benzol,
exhibits in a remarkable degree the number,
and values of the coal tar productions. Fifty
years ago, in 1825, Faraday discovered, while
experimenting on coal tar, the substance now
known as beDzoi. Tweniy >eara afttraFrench
chemist found that when benzol was tr ated
with nitrio acid, a substance called nitro-benzol
resulted, having the odor of bitter almonds,
and now used for giving almond soap its odor.
About the same time, a Dutch ohemist discov-
ered a beautiful blue color, while experiment-
ing on indigo, and shortly after a blue solution
was obtained, in alcohol, from nitro-benzol.
It was soon proved that the two blue colors
were of exactly tbe same constitution, and tbey
were called analine. They were regarded as
curiosities, but no practical use was made of
them, as there were many kinds of blue dyes,
and much cheaper than analine. But an
English ohemist, Perkins, while searching for
a cheap method of preparing quinine from
nitro-benzol, obtained a beautiful alcoholic so-
lution, of a mauve color. This was found to be
such an effective dye that numerous experi-
ments were made on this substance, and the
result is. the production of considerably over
three hundred dyes of different colors. The
intensity of these dyes is most astonishing. A
piece of some of them, thw size of a pea, im-
parts a very perceptible color to a hogshead of
alcohol.
Many have thought that practical discoveries
could only be made by practical men, but the
discovery of the analine dyes shows how far
this is from being correct, as they were found
by men working in tbe pure scienoe.
Professor Brewer delivered another lecture
yesterday on " Western Explorations,"
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the Pacific Coast patents recently ob-
tained through Dewey & Co.'b Scientific Fbesb
American and Foreign Patent Agency, the fol-
lowing are worthy of mention:
Flux fob Treating Ores. — P. N. Mackay,
San Franoisco, Cal. This invention is an im*
provement in the flux for treating ores.patented
in December, 1873, by the same person. The
improvement consists in combining the miner-
al cryolite with the crude borax or any of the
borates, silica and chloride of sodium, claimed
in the former patent, in preparing the fiux.
For instance, in purifying iron or steel con-
taining an excess of silicon, the inventor uses
two per cent, of either of the borates, two per
cent, of cryolite, and five per cent, of chloride
of sodium, mixed intimately together as a dry
powder and injected into the molten mass
through tbe tuyeres. In fict, this invention
consists in the addition of from one to five per
cent of oryolite to the fluxes described in the
former patent.
Secching Pbopelloe Blades to the Hot*-
— Jas. H. Loftus, Oakland, Cal. This inven-
tion is an improvement on the construction of
propeller blades, and in the method of securing-
the same to the hub, so that they will be great-*
ly increased in Btrength and can be replaced,
when necessary. The usual manner of form-
ing the propellor is to cast the hub and blades
in one pieoe, but ia this improvement the hub
only is made and secured to the propellor shaft.
In the face of this hub are formed wide slots,
parallel with its axis, and of sufficient width
and depth to admit of as great a thickness of
metal as may be contained in the part of the
blade which is fitted to the slots, and also the
bracing plates to be used. As many slots will
be made as there are blades to the propellor-
The propellor blades are formed of sheets of
metal of sufficient thickness to withstand the
pressure.
Liquid Manure.— Chas. H. Hoffman, Son
Francisco. This is an improved compound fot
fertilizing the soil, and which is also useful for
germinating seeds, and, for protecting seeds
and plants from the ravages of insects, moles,,
and such small animal.* bb are destructive So*
vegetable life. The inventor claims that this-
manure will cau=e vines and tress prepare*
with it to malure two or three weeks sooner
than usual nnd will bear fruit sooner, and of a I
better quality.
"Wagon Erase.— John Grider. Milton, Cal-
ifornia. This is a device to be applied to
the brake beams of wagons aud consists in*
the use of a partial socket or cap of cast-
iron which is bolted to the end of the brake;
bar and has formed witji it a fixed jaw audi-
a movable jaw which bqlde ifce breas shoe.
A slot being made in tbe frice of this cap, the
movable ja* enters this slot and a porcw f.om
the outer eod'uf the br«ke bar serves to pperate
th s jaw and causes it to clamp the brake block
firifl)y against the fixed yard.
iflarch 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
185
Terraces in the Coast Range.
1 Related to the Detritus of Glaciers, and of
the Ancient Rivers.
At the last meeting of tbo California Academy
' Sciences. Mr. Amos Bowman (late of the
Ute Geological Surrey) read the following
iper:
On the subject of the Pliocene sea— in other
orda the Pacific ocean — as it Btood with refer-
ee to the continent of America, during the
alation of the ancient river, or hydraulic
Ining gravels of California, a remark from me
called for at this time, in order to prevent
eraona interested in this line of facts from
tiling into error. In my examination of this
abject on behalf of the State Geological Sur-
ry, no faot was more clearly made out than
iat the ice period occurred ages later than the
□oient river filling period. The most iuexpe-
enced observer, if honestly looking for the
icts in the case, within the region of the
ierra Nevada covered by both the Pliocene
gravels and the glacial detritus would be
bilged to stumble upon some fact or other in
iroof of this every day.
Yet Prof. Davidson, Dr. Willey and the lute
ditor of the "Overland," have each proniul-
ated as the causes of the ancient river gravel
ccumulations the ice phenomena of a period
omparatively recent. Prof. Davidson pro-
onnceB the ancient river gravels at Smartsville
glacial morain. There is no glacial detritus
ithin thirty miles of Smartsville, nor within
,000 feet of that altitude, which is but 760 feet
ibove the sea.
Prof. Davidson, in his capacity of Assistant
charge of the Coast Survey on this coast,
veral years ago mentioned to me several
ities additional to those enumerated by
lake and Newbery in the United States Pacific
ail Reports, where terraces existed at high
,ltituden along the coast. As I had just then
led the relation of the ancient rivers to the
ea of the San Franoisoo peninsnla pliocene,
,nd was following the latter to its connection
ith oertaiu ancient river deposits of the Coast
ange, intermediate between the present sea
nd the Sierra Nevada, I urged Prof. Davidson
ery strongly to write out and present to the
cademy a list of these terraces, in ord^r that
he physical history of a thousand miles of
mst might be read by their additional testimony
long with the auriferous deposits lying so high
;p on the flanks of the Sierra. He did so, I
mnch pleased to see, in a highly valuable
<aper;but not content with a s'raight and pim-
ple statement of the facts, he proceeded to
puild up an original theory. This theory was
In broad terms that the ice made these terraces.
He does not state that he visited any of the
terrases in Oregon or California in search of
strife and rocke moulonee. On the other band
he distinctly does not commit himself to any-
thing of the sort.
I The fact is that these strife do not exist any-
where near the coast terraces, south of the
^Columbia river. North of the Columbia, the
[great ice nap of the cold period reached down
to the sea, and every hillock and mountain is
[rounded and polished, or straited. Prof. Da-
fvidson bad both land glaciers and icebergs,
that floated in the sen, to account for bis
terraces. If the one should be proven to be
unreal or impossible, the other could be fallen
back upon.
In order to make out the glacial or land ice
(not iceberg) theory, however, he deemed it
neoessary to declare first that they were not sea
terraces. I had at that time stated to the
Academy the facts with regard to the position
and altitude of the San Francisco and Ooast
Eange pliocene terraces, so that he had to
ignore, in order to make out his theory, all
these, and other important facts accepted by the
geological survey, as stated by me to the
Academy.
Prof. Davidson in this article perpetrated the
thoughtless inconsistency of denying that the
sea level had anything to do with these ancient
terraces, yet at the same time promulgating
that they were formed by icebergs, that must
have floated in the sea, or land glaciers that at
these levels went into the sea.
Another error in vhis connection has gone on
the records of the Academy. Dr. Cooper, at a
recent meeting of the Academy, presented a re-
sume of the geology pf the pliocene period,
which I am sorrel was notable to listen to.
Every contribution of fact on tbis subject is of
the greatest scientific value to all interested in
the geology of California for many reasona.
The Doctor's remarks, as published from his
manuscript in the Mining and Scientific
Pbesb, are unfortunately very general, embrac-
ing little that had not already been published
or made accessible in the library of the Acad-
emy. While the definite tangible line of facts
in his address, on which, one might actually
take hold, consisted- in his delineation of the
outlines of the pliocene sea on the State map.
The map hangs there, on the wall, but the red
paper Btrips and tacks that were pinned upon
it are no more. How are we to profit by the
Doctor's contribution if we would give it the
closer attention and scrutiny that the subject
deserves? I trust and hope that he will do the
Academy the service of coloring the map, or
at least drawing faint red linen, which will im-
prove and enhance the value of the map.
Dr. Cooper recognizee this pliocene sea
which Prof. Davidison ignored, as having left
its marks on the peninsula of San Francisco.
But Dr. Cooper does me the honor to say that
the terraces at altitudes of 7(W and 1,000 feet.
which were described by me in the proceedings
of the Academy two yearn ago, an occurring at
the Kiimti levels as the pliocene, beds to which I
referred, terraces so abundantly confirmed by
Davidson's testimony a year later, were Been
by me only in imagination.
According to Dr. Cooper, Prof. DavidBon
then saw his terraces only iu his doubly largo
imagination; for Prof. Davidson reported twice
as many as I did, as he saw them from the sea,
and some of his were twice as high as mine.
To make it clear to the Academy that the faota
heretofore reported by me on this subject of
terraCes were imaginary, the Docter points out
that I failed to observe that the strata of the
San Franeiaco pliocene dip very considerably
towards the sea, northwest; consequently, ac-
cording to Dr. Cooper, it is a mistake to sup-
pose that there could be any terrace on the sur-
face. He admits the pliocene age of the rock,
and also the fact that seen at a distance the
formation would probably look, to eyes leas
newer than the mlocene is established by (he
fact that they line and surface also the miocene
hills Ligh up in the Coast Ranges. Being thus
limited between the miocene and post pliocene,
they cannot have been anything else than
pliocene.
The significance of the Reology of the plio-
cene period on the Pacific coast is immense.
The most wonderful system of extinct rivers
delved into and laid bare for miles to the bed
rock, and even to the dtepest gutters and pot
holes, by the band of man (on account of the
fortuitous circumstance of their containing
fold ) ; rivers flowing in the middle tertiary from
a mountain's side, into which they had eroded
canons over a thousand feet deep; which, then,
iu the period of which we are speaking, in a
tropical climate, with heavy rainfall, became
suddenly the agency for the deposition and
stotage, so to speak, of a continuous auriferous,
sedimentary formation, extending from tbo
margin of a shallow sea, fifty to seventy-five
miles inland, to points on the very shoulders of
the Sierra Nevada, 6,000 feet above the sea.
They drained valleys inhabited at the time
by tbo human race— as is made ont with a fair
showing — at a time when none of the present
species of mammnlians beside man were yet cre-
ated. To admit, as Dr. Cooper did, that the
A BUSTIC SHELTER.
geologically' level than his own, like a terrace.
His idea of the ''true pliocene terraces" is that
they are to be found only low down, near the
levels of the present bay or ocean.
Dr. Cooper simply errs in accepting the
word "terrace" as signifying the same thing as
a bed or stratum. Instead of making out a
Table mountain skulls and stone implements
were found under a lava flow, but to ascribe
to them a later than a pliocene date, would be
to assume that the lava flows continued in
places throughout the glacial epoch; and ac-
companied by washed gravel and water, sought
and followed down what are now ridges of the
GROUND PLAN.
case of superficial observation of fact on my
part, in the present caae, he has made out a
case of superficial interpretation, and misuse of
geological terms, by himself.
My whole line of facts related to terraces,
not to strata; to surface lines and surface de-
posits, as determined in age by the underlying
beds, or strata containing fossils. The terraces
followed these beds in order of time. They
were formed by a receding sea. That these
terraces were not older than the pliocene is
evident from the fact that tuey form the tops
and sides of the pliocene hills, and that they
are as old as the pliocene is very fairly inferred
from the fact that the sea had not receded to
any "low levels around the bay" at all, until
ages later; when the ancient rivers had become
extinct and the volcanic outflows had marked
another intervening! period, and the glacial
phenomena still another long lapse of time
preceding the recent, in which we live.
Such being the case, no *'true pliocene ter-
races" can have existed at low levels around
the bay. The Doctor meant pliocene beds
when he talked about terraces. The terraces
that exist at low levels around the bay and
along the coast, are post pliocene and recent.
That the high terraces, described by me and by
Professor Davidson, are older than the post
pliocene, is further demonstrated by the fact
that no post pliocene sea ever left any shells at
such altitudes. The pliocene sea did, as I
showed. That those terraces are generally
Sierra, precisely like those of the ante-glacial
rivers. The evidence in general of the suc-
cession and newer date of the cold period how-
ever, is, as remarked, so clear,1 that Cooper's
hypothesis is worthless unless it can be sup-
ported by some faot demonstrating that these
lava blocks, accompanied by washed bowlders,
overlay in some places the moraines and stri-
ated rooks; which would be something new, to
me at leaBt, and, I think, to all other students
of these phenomena. He would have to claim
that the river of Table mountain left its old
bed at a later period than the other rivers of
the Sierra; that the canouB of the Stanislaus
and the Mokelumne were begun upon by these
rivers at a later period and under different con-
ditions with regard to erosion find filling, than
the other canons of the Sierra.
The testimony of these pliocene sea terraces
is, that the whole Pacific coaet ranpe, and prob-
ably also the great basin or plateau of the in-
terior, for a thousand miles at least, has risen
since th6 advent of man (if the doctor's admis-
sion concerning the Calaveras skull be accept-
ed) to an average in placeB of fully a thousand
feet; that the States of California, Oregon,
"Washington and Arizona were more than half
engulfed under brackish or salt water seaB at
the Bame time— such as are still in existence on
the shores of British Columbia aud Mexico;
that ihe mountain wa'er lines of SaltL'ke
and the great basin of the interior were, during
this same period, of tropical precipitation and
vegetation, washed by the waves of many great
fresh water lakes, like those of Caaaoa; and
thai the mighty proportions of the sunken con-
tinent of the Pacific ocean, outlined by Dana
in the"Wilkes' Exploring Expedition Reports,"
was then, under the eyes of the ancient Cali-
fornian, a reality, not yet quite given over to
the coral insect and tbe geologist to be rescued
from oblivion, but visibly in process of under-
going a downward movement, corresponding to,
and probably cotemperaneous with, the upward
movement of the great Cordillerao plateau,
the date of which we are thus enabled to fix.
Academy of Sciences.
The regular semi-monthly meeting of the
California Academy of Sciences was held on
Monday evening last. Henry R. Taylor and J.
W. Anderson were elected resident members.
The donations to the museum were unusually
light, and were embraced in a few botanical
specimens presented by John Muir, and a sec-
tion from the branch of the sequoia yigatttae.
presented by Mr. Turrill. A few Government
scientific works were added to the library and
also a rare volume entitled "The Universal
Geography," printed in London, in 1711, and
abounding in quaint illustrations, maps, etc.
The book was recently presented to Commander
J. S. Skerrett, of the United States Navy, by
His Excellency John O. Dominis, Governor of
Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, the book is printed
iu Latin. Also a copy of Commander Belknap's
"Deep Sea Soundings in the North Pacifio
Ocean."
It was announced to the Academy that the
completed work of the Stite Geological Survey,
as far as regards the botany of California, would
shortly be published, through the exertions of
certain gentlemen of this city.
Charles Wolcott Brookes, Japanese Consul,
read an extended and interesting paper on the
Commerce of tho Ancients. This is an intro-
ductory paper, as the author intends following
it up by giving an account of the commerce of
Japan and China, while investigating the origin
of the Japanese.
Amos Bowman read a paper which is given
in another column of this issue.
Dr. C. B. Brigham read a communication
describing the arrangements adopted for the
"International Congress of Americans," first
session to be held at Nancy, France, from the
19th to the 22d of July next.
Judge Hastings called the attention of the
Academy to tbe fact that some persons at the
East bad published a book giving the same ex-
planation of the so-called spiritualistic phenom-
ena as presented by himself to the Academy
months ago, ascribing it to the action and in-
fluence of the imponderable ether. He believed
that larceny had been perpetrated in some
form, as no other person could possibly have
reached the discovery originally promulgated
by himself. The Secretary of the Academy, in
answer, said that the Publication Committee
had refused in every case to publish the papers
submitted by Judge Hastings, and that his
effusionB had been carefully locked up in the
Secretary's debk, so that they should be pre-
vented from reaching publicity through the
proceedings of the Academy. This rather
spoiled the Judge's theory that his ideas bad
been stolen.
A Rustic Shelter.
The accompanying sketch is of a rustic shel-
ter erected in 1872, by Mr. Anton Gerster, on
the shore of the large lake in Prospect Park,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Its dimensions are 28x16 ft.
Posts, railing and plates are of .sassafras tim-
bers, twelve inches in diameter.
The octagon portion is enclosed with slips of
red cedar, with ceiling boards between, making
a perfect tight roof. The inside is a high ceil-
ing as shown in the plan.
The ridge is of rUBtic ornaments. In short,
the plan is a workiDg one, showing on the left,
the inside with seats and ceiling finish, on the
right, showing- the outside finish. The seat's
are in the octagon portion, which gives secla-
sion to those .wishing to rest there, and to
others an opportunity to look from the back
and front without interrupting those who are
seated. It is also used as a, station for the
boats plying on the lake; hence it is useful as
well as ornamental. It was erected at a cost of
about $1,500 by day's work. Thers'are many
places in and around San Francisco and Oak-
land where snoh a work would be very becom-
ing. There is also very suitable timber for
rustic purposes not far from here which would
enable the artist in rustic to build at most rea-
sonable rates. A structure of this style would
add greatly to the attractions of Woodward's
Gardens.
The average daily ore product during the
past week from the Consolidated Virginia mine
was 350 tons; from the Belcher, 450 tons;
Crown Point, 400 tone; Ophir, 150 tons; mak-
ing a total daily yield of 1,450 tons of first-class
ore from four mines on the Comstock.
The Act passed by the Legislature of the
State of Nevada at their last session, concern-
ing tbe taxing of tbe mines on the same basis
as other propery, will have the effect of increas-
ing the valuation of taxable property in'Storey
county from $6,000,000 to $18,000,000.
186
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 20, 1875
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We would call the special attention of Assayers
OhemiBts, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies Bine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
»y Our Gold and Silver Tables, Bhowing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOE & OO.
jMi$ceHaeo)i3 )Jotice$.
The Pacific "Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
No- 41 Second street, -
Sacramento
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
iheut AItt.chJ.ne8 Stand Unrivaled*
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them issufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it in drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
(or themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTJHN,
C. A. LTJCKHARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
ACCUMULATED FUND, NEARLY
1,350,000.00.
$100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with the Cali-
fornia State Department as security for
Policy holders everywhere. .-
LELAND STANFORD Presiden
J. H. CARROLL Vice-President
JOS. CRACKBON Secretary
All Policies iBsued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, are exempt from execution by the laws of Cal-
fornia. THE ONLY STATE IN THE UNION that pro-
Tides for this exemption.
syPolicies issued by this Company are non-forfeita-
ble, and all profits are divided among the insured.
Policies may be made payable in Gold or Currency,
as the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive
Lelahd Stanford,
Robt. Hamilton,
Jab. Cabolan.
Committee :
J. H. Cabboll,
Samuel Lavenson,
SCHREIBER & HOWELL,,
n-29-eow-bp-3m General Agent*, Sacramento.
RODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MEBCHANTS
Alll'ASt'ES maim:
Oik all kind, of Orel, and purttcalar atlentlo.
COarSIONMENTS OP OOO JS.
4Vl6-3m
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENET S. HAMKS
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
Assayer and Metallurgical
CHEMIST,
No. 4111 Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U. S. Branch Mint
San Fbanoisoo Cal. 7-v2l-3n.
SANBORN & BYRNES,
VALUABLE STANDARD WORKS.
NYSTROM'S MECHANICS.
A Pocket-Book of Mechanics and Engineering. Con-
taining a Memo andum of Facts and Connection of
Practice and Theory. By John W. Nvbtbom, C. E.
Eleventh edition. Revised and greatly enlarged by
the addition of valuable original matter. Fullx
Illustbated. 16mo. Pooket-Book form. Gilt edji
$3.60.
"Nothing seems to be wanting which an engineer
expects to find in his pocket-book. The tables are
more than ordinarily complete." — Eclectic Engineering
Magazine.
TABLES OF MINERALS.
Tables for the Determination of Minerals by their
Physical Properties. Translated from the German of
Welsbach, Enlarged and furnished with a Set of
Mineral Formulas, a Column of Specific Gravities,
and one of the Characteristic Blowpipe Reactions
By Pebsifob Frazer, Jr., A. M., Member of the
American Philosophical Society, etc. 12mo. Roan
limp $2 .00.
"We have here an exceedingly useful and compendi-
ous guide for explorers, who frequently have to pro-
nounce on substances in situ, where no laboratory U at
band. The eminent author gives many new lights on
classification, and his aim has been throughout to
render the science of mineralogy as clear and access-
ible as its complicated nature will permit. The trans-
lator's work has been done faithfully and intelligently."
— Scientific American.
For sale by Booksellers generally, or will be sent by
mail postpaid on receipt of the price by
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers,
715 and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura
ble Bed Spring in use. it is adapted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make the celebrated Obermann Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make bis own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & SILSBY,
14v28-eow-bD-3m 147 New Montgomery St., 8.
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten PinB, Fancy Newel*, and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
ERNEST L. RANSOME,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer,
No. 10 Bush Street, San Francisco,
Office Hours 1 to 2 Daily.
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2}$ and 1 cent per pound ac-
cording to quality. In ordering state for what pur-
pose the stone is needed.
"I have need one of your grindstones for some time, and
it is the best I ever had, F J. Cuhbet,
November 20, 1874. Prop. S. F. Boiler Works.
EMERY STONES, VASES AND FOUNTAINS, GRAVE-
STONES AND CEMETERY WORK. STONE DRESS-
INGS GENERALLY, NATURAL STONE hard-
ened and preserved, SILICATE OF SODA for
Soap Makers and Laundrymen, &c.
PORTLAND CEMENT for Sale in Lots to Suit.
Send for Price-List. eow-bp
Emdexa Geese
40 to 50 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS, GAMES ^^ S|gs^E£ Black
HOUDANS. ISEflSar*: CAYUGA DUCKS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed bo as to hatch after arrival on
any part of the Goast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Averill Chemical Paint,
MANUFACTURED by the
Cal. Chemical Paint ' Co.
PURE WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY FOB
APPLICATION— requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not spoil by standing any length of time.
It is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces a more Beautiful Finish than the best of any 1
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and will
last twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, state whether for Outside or In.
side use, as we manufacture an Inside White (either
Flat or Gloss) for inside use, which will not turn yel-
low, aud produces a finish equal to the finest China
Gloss.
Put up in U, %, 1,2 and 5 gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price List, or apply to the manufactory and office.
Cor. 4th and Townsend streets, S. F.
TYLER BEACH, M. C. JEWELL,
President. * Secretary.
3v9-cow-bp-ly
0*»:
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab I
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks, I
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep-
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted [
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred sheep, j
so that the cost of dinping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the ira- ,
proved health of their flocks.
Th s Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, 3ulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which I
have heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars Bent, post paid, upon .application, giving 1
full directions for its use, also certificates of proiuit eat
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the 1
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective and reliable I
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kiDdred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
Ayer's Sarsaparilla,
FOR PURIFYING THE BLOOD.
This compound of tti8
vegetable alteratives, Saras',
parilla, Dock, Stillingia and
Mandrake with the Iodides
of Potassium and Iron,
makes a most effectual cure
of a series of complaints
which are very prevalent
and afflicting. It purifies
the blood, purges out the
lurking humors in the system, that undermine health
and settle into troublesome disorders. Eruptions of
the skin are the appearance on the surface of humors
that should be expelled from the blood. Internal de-
rangements are the determination of these same humors
to some internal organ, or organs, whose action they
derange, and whose substance they disease and destroy.
Ayer's Sabsapabilla expels these humors from the
blood. When they are gone, the disorders they produce
disappear, such as Ulcerations of the Liver, Stomach,
Kidneys, Lungs, Eruptions and Eruptive Diseases of the
Skin, St. Anthony's Fire, Rose or Erysipelas, Pimples,
Pustules, Blotches, Boils, Tumors, Tetter and Salt
Rueum, Scald Head, Ringworm, Ulcers and Sores,
Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Pain in the Bones, Side and
Heaa, Female Weakness, Sterility, Leucorrhrea arising
from internal ulceration and uterine disease, Dropsy,
Dyspepsia, Emaciation and General Debility. With
their departure health returns.
pbepabed bv
DR. J. C. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
fly Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, Wholesale Agents
BAN PBANQI6CO. jyll-Sa
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OP
Hydraulic P i pe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Havi'g the LateBt Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OR
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIFJS.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
130 Beale Street,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co.. Importers of
Stoves and Meiala, Tinners' Goods, Tools and Machines;
111 and II- California St., 17 and 19 Davis St., San Faan-
oisoo, and 178 J St., Sacramento. mr.-ly
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
187
ADAPTED TO .EVERY SITUATION
^EO.'E"BLAKB:MFG" CO.
H. P. GREGORY,
Sole Agent for the Pacific Coast, 14 and 16 First street,
Hud Fmnchico, Cal.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Estba Heavy and Impboved Patteenb,
PUTNAM MA. CHINE CO.,
Manufacture*!.
LATHES, PLANERS, B0RIN8 MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTINO AND SHAPIN&
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
HP.GREGORY
^SOLE AGE NT FOR THE g
'' WHEELS '
14 & 16 FIRST ST SAN -FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACH'V DEPOT
GUARANTEED PURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
BELTING
HP GREGORY
14 & 16 FIRST ..ST;:;:.SAN -FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACfilh/ERY DEPOT
V H R. GREGORY
SOLE AGENT -
FITCHBUR6 MACHINE C°rs
MAgW(NISTS\
TOOLS
I4&J6FIBST ST SAN. FRANCISCO
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH. 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San FbanlIm o, N<vi iuIxt Hitti, ls74.
To SujiU. of Quartt Mills and Mining Men generally
We take pleasure In stating thnt owing to the rapid
bureau in our ordurs, our Pittsburg Manufacturer*
bavo been compelled to add largely to tLu'ir works—
a in. w gtis furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
urn-, i Dialed to reduce the cobt of fte..-i and «t the
mi me tiun' produce Shokm ami Imks HiijxTior to any yet
n m mi fuc lured. We hove ponseqnently ndnoea the
price to 10 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find tbeni ut ltat-t 10 per
iiut- i.h''«pi-r tbuu the beat iron. There are no SCJtXL
Baoxa am» Dub made excepting under our patent. and
sold at this office, or by our authorised agents, though
certain Button) manufacturers advertise Stk^l 9HHB8
ami Din wlmh are only cast iron hardened by the
aduitum of a composition. They will notout-woar two
sets of common iron, though called Btcel. They are
very brittle and are nut capable of beiug temuen -A,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Stsbl Shoes and Dies arc in u-e in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried [hem
prononnco them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, lucrea e 1 value of. amalgam
by absence of iron dust and cbippiogs, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 10 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Torms liberal.
Address all orders, with dimeusious, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Boom 1, Acadtmy Building, S F.
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE
AND MILL CO.
30, 32 & 34 Spear St.
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors.
Manufacturers of
WATER TANKS SHIP
TANKS, MINING-
WORK,
WINE, BEER AND LIQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETO.
Cooperage and Tanks, Steamed
and Dried Before or After
Manufacture at Reason-
able Rates.
Sawing Planing1,
at Short Notice.
etc.
LEFFEL & MYERS
MANUFACTURERS OF
I, E F *" E X. ' «'
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBINF
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
flySend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List-sent free
Facitic JVXadiiaiery Depot.
H. P. G-REGORY,
14 and 16 First St., S. F.
Sole Agent for Pacific Coast fnr J. A. Fay & Go's Wood-
working Machinery, Blake'g Patent. Sieiirn Pumpa.
Tanite Co'.* Emery "Wheels and Machinery. Fitch-
burg Machine Co's Machinist's Tools. Edson's
Recordins Steam Gauge, Triumph Fire Kx-
tinguieher. Also on hand and for Sale:
SturtevnnVs Bl-'wers and Exliaust Funs, John A. Rocb-
liu j's Sodb' Wire. Rove, Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting. Pyrin's French Band Saw Blades,
Planer Knives, [Jatfian & Dreyfus Glass
Oilers, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kind*. P. O. Box 168.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided meritJ. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Economy in Fuel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
B5"Call and see it or Bend for Circulars.
J.M KEELER& CO., Ag-ts., 306|Cal. St.,S.F
IRON PIPE,
PIPE FITTINGS
AMD
BRASS GOODS,
A.X BOTTOM PRICES.
JAMES L. BARKER,
406 and 408 MARKET STEEET, SAN FBANCISCO.
METAL
Commission Merchant.
03" Orders by mail will receive prompt attention.
mr!3-eow-bp
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
WM. HAWKINS. T. G. CANTRELL.
J. & P. N. H AN N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
WOODBERRY COTTON DUCK.
33, 3G, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
ounce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Bavens and Drills'
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find the work valuable far beyond
its cost. Published by Dewey & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific PresB. *
Price, post paid, gl.
Jdipipg [riachipery,
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting-, Desulphurizing, Chloridizinjr
and Oxidizing: Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other oreB, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other Invention now in
us«. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly. In less
time, with Ipbh fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace iB bo constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or startingat will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Baving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary iu drying
ores for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Miming and ScjENTiFia Phebs, No. 18, October 31, 1371.
For particulars addresB
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, ftc, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Has an iron
frame, five steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each.
which strike 2,0i 0 blows per minute, in a mortar provided
with screens on both aides, and crushes fine 600 IbB. per
hour. requiring one-horse power to drive It. Haa been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give goud satis-
faction. PRICE, $600,
G. D. CROCKER.
17v26-tf 315 California street. San Francisco.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description see Mining and Sotentifio Peesb,
March 6, 1875.
For Cleaning: Quicksilver Before Using- it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IRON WORKS, San FraneiBCO.
Quartz Mill for Sale
At Mineral Hill, Elko County, Nevada, four miles from
Mineral Hill Station, on the Palisade and Eureka Bail-
road, and 35 miles from the Central Pacific Railroad.
The Mineral Hill Silver Mines Company (Limited
offer for sale their new 20-stamp mill (dry crushing)
built by H. J. Booth & Co, of San Francisco.
The mill is complete in every respect, with engine,
Boilers, Stetefeldt Furnace and all modern appliances,
and is as good as new, having only run two months
upon ore.
The whole is offered very cheap foroash. For further
information apply to
H. H. OAKES, Superintendent.
Mineral Hill, Nevada.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of ,
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron.
Boiler Elues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. MoCRLNDLE, Manager, 22 k 24 Fremont St., S. F,
m6-m2
188
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 20, 1875
Abandonment of Claims.
The mining suit referred to in our last week's
issue is one of general interest to the raining
commuuity, as it proves that people cannot
abandon their claims, and then, when other"
parties prove their value, come in and reap the
reward. This has very frequently been done
before this, and has tended in a great degree to
prevent the sales of mining property. People
who buy claims want them clear of all incum-
brances or cloudB to title; and it has been un-
fortunately the case that in many instances
former owners have asserted that they had
never abandoned the claims and sued for pos-
session.
Judge Wallace in his instructions to the
jury in the Geyser quicksilver mine case said :
"If the jury believe from the evidence that
the plaintiff or his grantors left the premises
in controversy . vacant and unoccupied
for a series of years, and during that time exer-
cised only casual acts of ownership upon the
claims at long intervals, and that during that
time no actual work was done toward working
or developing the mine, either upon or in prox-
imity to the claims, and that the defendants
finding the ground apparantly abandoned, en-
tered upon and located the same in pursuance
of the mining laws of the district and the laws
cf Congress, and have continued to comply
with said laws, and have in good faith, reason-
ably believing said ground had been abandon-
ed, expended large sums of money in develop-
ing said mines, then you are authorized to find
the fact of abandonment."
This is perfectly just and should be remem-
bered by all miners.
The Judge also said: The failure of a miner,
upon the public land of the United States, to
do the amount of work or spend the amount of
money upon his claim, required by the local
rules within a time appointed on pain of for-
feiture will not of itself take away his mining
right, but the ground must be duly relocated in
a lawful mining district and with the proper
recorder thereof (when record is required by its
law) before his right can be taken away for
such failure; and if he begins to do the work or
expends the money required before his ground
is so relocated his preceding failure in either
respect is cured. The jury are instructed, that
where a party relies upon mining rights acquired
by mere occupancy, possession, appropriation
and work, auch rights continue so long only as
the claimant continues the enjoyment or shows
an intention to continue it. Such parties may
lose their rights by abandonment of them if be
indicates an intention when he relinquishes the
enjoyment of them never to resume it.
The ceasing to enjoy mining rights acquired
by mere occupancy and appropriation, whether
depending upon prior actual possession or com-
pliance with mining customs, will destroy the
rights, provided the. discontinuance be absolute
and decisive and unaccompanied with any in-
tention to resume them within a reasonable
time.
Where a party relinquishes his possession of
mining claim with no intention to resume the
possession or to work the mine in good fail k,
or to subject the same to appropriate uses, but
lies by and suffers the premises to become ap-
parently Vncant, disused and abandoned, and
thereby induces others to appropriate the same
in the reasonable belief that the same are un-
claimed and subject to appropriation, and then
intending only in the event that such mine is
shown to be valuable by the labor and expend-
iture of such subsequent appropriation, to as-
sert a claim thereto and endeavor to obtain the
possession thereof, and others to appropriate
and develop such mine in the reasonable belief
it is vacant and unclaimed, induced thereto by
the acts of prior claimants, such prior claimants
will be held to have abandoned the same. If
the jury find from the evidence that the plain-
tiff or his predecessors had forfeited their rights
to the mining ground sued for, and that after
such forfeiture and while said ground was un-
occupied the defendants or their grantors,
entered under the rules of the district and
located said ground and have since continued
to occupy the same and have complied with the
rules and regulations of the district, then you
will find for defendants. In considering the
question of forfeiture, the intention of the per-
son claiming the ground is entirely immaterial.
As the suit was decided in favor of the de-
fendants, it is probable that the jury considered
that the ground was abandoned, and that the
other locators were entitled to possession.
Labgb Magnets.— The Sheffield Scientific
school, New Haven, has received an important
addition to its philosophical apparatus in the
form of an immense electro magnet, together
with all its appropriate accessories. This
splendid instrument was a present from Wil-
liam Wallace of Ansonia, by whom it was con-
structed. There is only one larger instrument
of the kind in the country, perhaps in the
world. This was also made by Mr. Wallace,
and was purchased by the Stevens Institute of
Technology, at Hoboken. It weighs nlto-
gether nearly half a ton, and is capable of
lifting, it is said, twenty times that weight, or
over ten tonB, when in full action. The public,
it is presumed, will have an opportunity of
seeing it in operation before long, as one of the
lectures in the mechanics' course, now going
on at tke school, is on the subject of mag-
netism.
Agricultural Items.
The Sherman Island overflow occasioned the
destruction of a large area of grain, but as the
water is receding the farmers are hopeful that
they may yet grow a crop of potatoes the pres-
ent season. A portion of the land will doubt-
less be drained in season to make a crop of
hay. Above Mayberry slough the wheat crop
never looked more promising. The grain i
tall aud thick and will be considerably earlier
than usual.
The Petaluma Argus, of the 12th inst., says:
Between five and seven thousand sacks of pota-
toes are now stored in the different warehouses
in town. Last week over seven thousand sacks
were shipped to San Francisco, an unusually
large quantity for this time of the year. Farm-
ers are at present hauling potatpes to town in
moderate quantities. The price paid by deal-
ers is $1.50 per one hundred pounds.
Expensive Lease.— Farm leasing in the East-
ern States is generally resorted to by those who
lack means to buy even the oheapest farms.
Here it is otherwise. A farm in this State con-
sisting of 20,000 acres has just been let for five
years at an annual rental of $40,000. The
farm is stocked with 1,900 head of cattle, 100
horses, 50 mules and 1,500 hogs, costing the
lessee, with crops, $74,250.
The contributions of wheat from the United
States to the bread supply of Great Britain in
1874 constituted 55 per cent, of the whole im-
ports, and those of Russia 13 per cent. The
aggregate export of wheat and flour from the
United States to great Britain during the year
exceeds an equivalent of 52,000,000 bushels.
Kefebbing to the Stockton wheat market,
the Independent says: It is estimated there are
at least eight thousand tons of wheat still re-
maining in the warehouses of Stockton, two
thousand tons of which have been sold for
shipment. The market is dull at present, par-
ticularly so for wheat of an inferior quality.
A New irrigating district is soon to be
formed in Los Angeles under the Bush irrigat-
tion law, which will include Anaheim and the
surrounding] country to the extent of 12,000
acres. The water will be brought from Santa
Ana river. This will be the second district
formed under the new law, and will bring in
all about 26,000 acres under irrigation.
This is the way that trees grow in Los An-
geles county, according to the Los Angeles
Express, which Bays; "The eucalyptus trees at
B. D. Wilson's park, Wilmington, are only one
year old from the seed, and have attained a
bight ranging from eight to fifteen feet, and a
very luxuriant growth of branches and foliage.
A Report from Sierra valley says the soil is
in excellent condition for plowing, and farmers
all over the valley are getting in their grain.
Crops will depend entirely upon the spring
rains. Unless there is a good supply of rain
the hay and grain crops will be complete fail-
ures.
A gentleman who has an eye to the abund-
ance of the earth, and who had his weather
eye open while passing through green fields,
Rays that more promising grain than 1b now
growing on the Denniston Bancho was never
seen in that locality.
About 15,000 acres of grain have been planted
this season in the Borden settlement, Fresno
county. Of this amonnt, Major Reading, Fried-
lander, Major Holmes and Mr. Hall have about
6,000 acres. Grain is looking as well as could
be desired.
The Sacramento Sugarie has all its beets
sowed, and most of them are above ground.
The area laid down this year to sugar beets,
by this company, is larger than ever before;
and they look for a better yield than usual.
The Bluzome ranch was sold yesterday at
Santa Rosa, by Sheriff Latapie, at auction, for
$2O,C00, the Bank of California being the pur-
chaser. The ranch is a portion of the Casala-
muyomi grant, recently patented.
Santa Anita Rancho, one of the finest
ranchos in Los Angeles county, comprising an
area of 8.500 acres, has been sold to E. J.
Baldwin, of San Francisco, for $200,000, cash.
The grain-fields on all kinds of land in the
vicinity of Marysville, Yuba county never looked
more promising. Some of it is so stout that it
will lodge before cutting time.
The San Mateo Gazette is authority for the
statement that in the San Pedro valley, near
School House station, the potato blight is show-
ing itself.
Farmers in Borden settlement, Fresno
county, have begun to irrigate their fit-Id*.
They have planted this season about 15,000
acres of grain, and it is looking finely.
A big canal to drain the tule land in Big
Meadows is talked of by the owners of swamp
and overflowed land in that section.
Between five and seven .thousand sacks of
potatoes are now stored in the different ware"
houses in Petaluma.
Tule fires are now in order, the tules now
being in the best condition for burning prepar-
atory to cultivation.
The crops at Half-moon bay are most en-
couraging.
Industrial Items.
Articles of incorporation were filed in the
San Joaquin County Clerk's Office last week
by the San Joaquin and Fresno water company.
The purposes of the company are the construc-
tion and maintenance of a canal and other
works to divert the water of the San Joaquin
river, and convey it through the counties of
Fresno, Merced, Stanislaus, San Joaquin and
Contra Costa, for the purposes of agricultural
transportation and mining. ■
We Leabn from the Visalia Delta of the 11th
inst., that artesian water has been struck in the
Mussel Slough country, the water rising two
feet above the surrounding country. The pipe
is in tough clay, and when this is penetrated
it is believed a strong flow of water will be the
result.
Castings for fifty box cars for the Northern
Pacific narrow gauge railroad are being made at
the Yallejo foundry. They include all the iron
work except the wheels, which are obtained
from the East.
Mr. W. H. Mabttn, of this city, has gone to
Kansas to escort a colony of about fifty fami-
lies to this State. They have had an agent in
the State for weeks hunting up a location, but
it will not be fixed until the arrival of the colo-
nists.
The Santa Cruz Sentinel of the 13th says:
The two foundries and two planing mills in
Santa Cruz are busy turning out machinery and
doing work for the two railroads now being con-
structed into town.
It is reported probable that a starch factory
will be put up near Tomales by another season,
for which the enormous potato crop of that
section will furnish staple.
It is predicted that the number of elegant res-
idences eredted in San Francisco during the
year 1875 will exceed that of any previous
year.
A Company has been organized and a woolen
mill is to be erected at Petaluma, and in run-
ning order by May.
Thebe are very strong probabilities of Santa
Cruz having an outlet by rail via San Mateo.
Patents & Inventions.
General News Items.
Letters from the Isthmus say that Com-
mander Lull's survey for a canal route is prov-
ing very satisfactory, but reaching results both
promising and unexpected. The Chagres river
cannot be made available except as a valuable
feeder, nor is a tidal canal feasible. The sum-
mit cut needs to be only five a half miles long,
with a mean depth of cutting of only fifty-five
feet. The water supply is found to be bounti-
ful.
The "Virginia and Gold Hill papers report
that large numbers of immigrants from the
East are flocking to those places, drawn thither
by stories of the " bonanza." They are mostly
destitute, and as there is no work for them,
they would have done much better to have re-
mained at home.
A Man fell into a vat at the San Francisco
Sugar Refinery a few days since. Luckily be
caught by his hands, and only his lower limbs
were badly scalded. Had his injuries proved
fatal his body would have proved a sweet mor-
sel for the coroner.
Two Yuba blacksmiths got int^t quarrel in
Marysville Saturday night, and one named
Stoddard shot his companion, Glenn. The
wound is a seriouB one. Rum the inspiring
cause.
Mqst; glowing accounts of the gold prospects
continue to arrive from the Black Hills. Gov-
ernment still adheres to its purpose to keep
miners out of the district, however.
Postoffice circular instructions show that
the recent legislation has fixed postage on
transient newspapers at one cent per ounce.
John Mitchell has been returned a second
time to Parliament from Tipperary.
Whaling operations along the lower coast
have proved very successful this season.
E. P. Welch, a condemned murderer, es
caped from the Inyo county jail the 5th inst.
Abohbishop McCIoskey, of New York, is to be
made a cardinal. *
Duck shooting since the 15th is unlawful.
Woodward's Gardens embraces an Aquari.im, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seul Ponds and Skating Kink.
Subscribers who by mistake get two copies of this
paper, should notify us without delay.
A Large Proportion of Uni-
ted States and Foreign Patents
granted to inventors on the
Pacific coast during the past ten
years, have been obtained through
the agency of Dewey & Co.,
publishers of the Mining and Sci-
entific Press. Our business was
established in the year i860.
We have an extensive patent
library, with full record of cases
on this coast, and can give the
best and most reliable advice as
to the patentability of new inven-
tions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Feom Official Reports* fob the Mining and Scien-
tifio Press, DEWEY & CO., Publishers and
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch. Dated Washington
D. O., Harch 16, 1875.
Fob Week Ending Maboh 2, 1875.*
Ticket Clasp. — M. Disney, Oakland, Cal.
Telegraph Sounder and Recorder. — Daniel
F. Leahy, Portland, Oregon.
Connection for Bed Bottom Springs. — Alex.
C. McMains, S.F., Cal.
Candlestick. — Wells Kilburo, Napa City.
Fruit Drier.— ThomaB C. Waters, S. F., Cal.
Music Leaf-Tubneb. — George L. Dimpfel,
Benicia, Cal.
Double Reversible Hinge. — Edward Halsey,
San Jose, Cal.
Pbeskrting Apparatus. — John P. Schmitz. S.
F. Cal.
Trade Mabk.
For Watches.— J. W. Tncker, S. F., Cal.
The patentB are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office nntil some 14 days after the date of iBSUe,
Note. — Copies of V. 8. and Foreign PatentB furnished
by Dewey & Co., In the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific ooust inventors transacted with
erfeotwourity and ia the shortest time possible.
Hints about Advertising.
If yon have goods to sell farmers, how much better
will it pay you to advertise in a farmiug paper, closely
read by 15,000 intelligent farmers, than in miscellaneous
daily or weekly Journals with 30,000 readers, comprising
only 2,000 farmers. A mining journal in California
with 16,000 readers reaches more intelligent miners than
any other 10 papers in the Union.
Purchasers are more likely to look for information in
the advertising columns of a paper devoted to their
special interests, than elsewhere, when ready to buy.
Some will not read advertisements upon any other oc-
casion, but seek the beet paper when wanted.
If you happen to be the only advertiser in your line
of business in a paper, all the better. But if several
firms advertise the same, your own judgment will
question whether you can best afford to go unrepre-
sented.
Weekly journals are read most leisurely and carefully,
and at a time when the subscriber is most favorably in-
clined to examine advertise nents. The newspaper
most specially representing yon* particular branch of
industry is usually best entiued to your patronage, and
the most profitable medium you can employ.
An advertisement in an honest and handsome sheet
is favorable to the reputation of the advertiser. The
readers of the Press are a superior and industrious
class, who are able to purchase and who seek to patron-
ize the best and fairest dealing tradesmen.
Advertising in cheap priced mediums (of limited cir-
culation) is iike buying goods at retail when you could
as well take them at wholesale.
Iaformatioo imparted to a list of superior and Intel -
ligent, ard active, and industrious readers {naturally
looked up to by other* for information), is Beed sown
in good Boil for the advertiser.
Fame and fortune are gaiDed, nine times in ten, by
liberal and judicious advertising.
Hints to be Remembered.
A note dated on Sunday is void.
A note obtained by fraud, or even* from one intoxi-
cated, can not be collected.
If a note be stolen it does not release the maker— he
must pay it.
An indorser of a note is exempt from liability, if
not served with notice of its dishonor within twenty-
four hours of its non-payment.
A note by a minor Is void.
Notes bear interest only when so stated.
Principals are responsible for their agents.
Each individual in partnership 1b responsible for the
whole amount of the debts of the firm.
Ignorance of the law excuses no one.
It is a fraud to conceal a fraud.
The law compels no one to do impossibilities.
An agreement without consideration is void.
Signatures in lead pencil are good in law.
A receipt for money is not legally conclusive.
The acts of one partner bind all the others.
Contracts made on Sunday can not be enforced.
A contract made with a minor is void
RATES of POSTAGE— Domestic Postage.
On all Letters throughout the United States, 3 els.
for each half ounce or fraction thereof.
Drop oe Local Lettebb, 2 cts, per half ounce where
there is a free carrier's delivery; other offices, 1 cent.
Postal Cahds, 1 cent., in the United States.
Valuable Letters may be registered by payment of a
registration fee of 8 cts. in addition to Postage. Money
can be sent with absolute safety by mail, by procuring
a Money Order. The fees are: On orders not exceeding
$10, 5 cts.; $10 to $20, 10 cts ; $20 to $3U, 15 cts.; $30 to
$40, 20 cts.; $40 to $50, 25 cts.
Printed Bookb, in one package, to one address, 1 ots.
for each 2 ounces or fraction thereof, not over 4 lbs.
On Transient Newspapers, or other Printed Matter
(Books excepted), and on Circulars, Pamphlets, Book
Manuscripts and Proof Sheets, Maps, Sheet Musio,
Chromos, Engravings and Photographs, 1 cent foi- each
2 ounces or fraction thereof, not over 4 ibs.
Seeds, Cuttings, Bulbs, Etc.. 1 cent for 2 ounces and
fraction of 1 ounce, not over 4 lbs.
Samples of Merchandise (Liquids excepted), Ores,
Etc, Flexible Patterns, Paper, Envelopes and Blanks, 1
cts. for each 2 ounces, not over 4 pounds.
All Transient Matter, except duly certified letters
of Soldiers and Sailors, must be prepaid by stamps.
iiTOn matter not above specified, same rate as Letters.
The Soientitio Press.— This valuable Journal entered
upon the seventeenth year of its publication on the 4th
of July. The steady advance in character, that every
reader has noticed in the paper, renders it unnecessary
to make any splurge of improvement, and the publish-
ers simply content themBelveB with the announcement
that they will continue to make their paper as interest-
ing as possible. That it is interesting to a large class
of readers, the wide circulation and extensive influence
of the Pbebs, is sufficient evidence.— Placer Argus.
^arch 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
HA Oft.
of. Stand Wl.t
•vllle * Oo'a...
Hand bo*«d.. .
SUM
;»w
Aciiliie do 2UW.
•• .'Jif).
•■ ISxjft,
.-.1)6.
lour Suck. ,»-■.
" Mi ....
03 50
•salsa *>-■>•
do *■' ill
do tf-lD
oolSack». *»•...
dO 3 <J '.
*od. Gennms. ..
ungk< *"*ia do.,
■all B»K» ... —
irtsy Batf» Jl>3*i.
d.) 23x40,
do 24*10.
nBu./.'iin'...
lO SHxJti . . It)
CAXXKU OOOWS.
dPie Fruits
n .'S t. can- JlO 0 S 75
loTttlido.. 3U «tU
imi Jelllea 3 2S iff 4 00
cklea * |l.. - 'i 3 !'.
rdtiici.qrhoi) BO ilK
lo bf boiea.3 SI 0
HHI.--.I in*.
iitrahaa.VloNlu Vi ul.' '*
x>» Bay nlU 00
.llinxham Bay S 8 SO
atlle '^10 50
imberl'd, cks.. itflfl 00
do balk. .IK 00 ■5i7 50
. Diablo b S9 >jrf .V)
high &17 00
verpool IV 60 all 50
.»[ Hartley .... — fill «.'
oich Sis ot.
ruitOD &1J 50
Rcouvar'a 1*1.. II 00 **i l ,W
*rc<>*l.V»k. .. 75 (a) -
ke.^bbl - £ 60
COFFKC
n.lwi.-li I-lumJ —
ntrslAnieric'a
•uHiu per D>
Weditx«Dat W.. March 17. 1873
Kareka :•'• a. .
OovcVa Petro'm S3 * 2i
»Urr«l keruMD* — (5» -
OIlM —
Oowner Keroee'e 35
Uu U«bt Oil ... -J
PA«T».
»*ur« White Lead 10'i ull'i
I3H Whiting .........
- PoltT ... .....
Chalk
! Parts Whil-
Ochre
Veoetian Red-..
iRed Lead
Litharge
Mj Eog. Voruiilli.j'i
-^2 25
ie
SO a, H
— 9 26'a
;h
mill*
oond io o*.... — £a
loorr 9 @
FISH.
o.Dry Ood.ncw i^%
tiM 6 a
lo boneless 8Vg*
»lerii Cod..... 7J»tf 8
liuon io bbl*..9 0'i a>y 50
lo « bbhH SO (»5 50
Io 2>46 cans — ©2 80
o Jib cuoa,.2 50 'a 'J 60
0 lib cant .1 SO :al 76
Col. H. Sb...S 00 ui «'
bk. Cod. bbls.ri wi fin —
rdo S bnlallOO @ —
1 . 8m'k'dH.er*«40 5 50
.ok'l.No.l,'1lbl»y w) ju)l 00
Extra.... — 012 Ou
in kit*.... S 00 a.* .50
Ex DI0BB..3 00 (33 50
Ex me*s.Sb*-&i3 W
J'dllorr'g.bx.. 3 00 (flj 3 50
lorted size, lb. 5 37.Jn'*7 50
OIL*.
ill.-- Olae Co
iutr'tNo.1. ■
(3) 80
lorOil.Nol.. —
0 do No.2.. 1 35
coaout. —
t* PUgniol,.
O Po.iaol....
m t. 9
used, raw..., 95
o boiled 1 00
in* qui In OS.. —
a, crude..,. —
blL-ached..l 90
Ml Whales... 47.VS
lar, refined.... —
rd 1 30
d, refined Pet 40
lopbine —
voe's Bril't... 25
Inland — —
■ICC
fbioaNo. I. f4 B> 6\4
do 3, do. «^4
Japan — H
SUm Cleaned... 7
P*tn* 6S
Hawaiian 8
'arulto* IB
« ALT.
0*1. Bav.per ton 10 0<V<jl3 00
do Common., ft uO'aJlu 00
barmen laland. 13 00^14 00
l.iveroool fine.. J3 (0aS4 00
do coarx-W OOBt— —
•OAP.
Caatile * B> 10 @> 13
CuomoD brand*.. 5 a, ts!(
Padot do .. 7 @ 10
HVICVJ*.
Cloves 50 ft 6S
• ''M.iut m a it?
troll 33 1$ 35
utmer. 1 Su il 15
Whol* Pepper... S3 S 25
Pimento — a i.V»
r'odAllspprdx — i^l I2S
do Cassia do.. — tol 50
do Cloveado.. *- ^1 Ml
do Mustard do — ial SO
do Oiiijrerdo.. — (3l 00
do Pepper do.. — @1 00
io Haoe do . . . — (3S 00
HlGAK, ETC.
Cal. Cnbe per lb., i l: ■ a- —
Panz' Pro. Cab*
bblorlOOlbbia
do in 50 B> bit..
do in lb lb bxs.
Circle A crushed
Powdered
Fine crushed...
Iranulutea
•"ioldun C
:inwuii*n 8 fat 1 1\
California Beet. \i\ ■■>. it-..
Ual. Syrupin -I*. — a 67 H
d j in S bis.
do in kef!*..
Hawaiian Molaa-
eea J5 @
TEA.
Uolong,C*Dton,S> 19
do Amor,.. -•>
do Pormoaa 40
I in peri. 1 1. Canton 25
do Pinfpjuey 45
do Moyune.. 60 @1 00
Gunpo'der.Oant. 30 @ 42:
do PinKsney 50 @ 90
do Moyune. 66 (5)1 25
V'ng Hy., Canton 28 @
do PioKauey '■
do Moyune..
Japan, ?a chests,
bulk
Japan, lacquered
bifi.l S and 5 lbs 46 @ 67
Japan do. J Tr> bxs 45 @ 90
dopVabx.iHlb 35 @ 65
do SA1 lb paper 30 @ 55
TOBACCO— Jobbln u.
@ 11^
i<4 IS
@ iw
<a
40 (a) 70
65 (i« 65
30 @ 76
40
Brifiht Navye
Dark do ....
Dwit-f Twiat
L,ii.'lu Pressed...
Hard do
Conn. Wrap'r....
Penn. Wrapper..
Ohio do
Virgi'aSmok'g..
Fine ot cbe'f;,Kr..6 50
Fine out ohew-
Ing, buo'U.^ B>..75 <m
Banner fine cat.. 9 00® 9 90
Eareka Cala — (S)9 25
TURPENTINE. 00
Eastern 52.^^66
SO
45
METALS.
Wzdnebdat M.. March 17, 1876.
imerican Pig Iron, f> ton (cfl 46 00
JcotCh Pig iron/ft ton 46 00 (4) 48 00
White Pig. > ton ® 46 00
Oregon Pig, « ton @ 46 00
tunned Bar, bad assortment. VIb |9— 3^»
tetined Bar, good assortment, Tf* lb <a) — 4
Boiler, No. I to 4 @— 6*
'late. No. 6to9 63— 5Jt
theot, No. 10 to 13 „ @ — 5>i
^beet. No. 14 to 20 @ — 5S
Iheet, No. 24 to 37 — 08 @ — 09
JorseShoea, per keg 7 60 @ 8 00
Mail Rod — 10 @
Korway Iron V--- — 0 @
polled Iron — 6 ftp
Other IronB for Blacksmiths, Minera, etc @ — 4&
»PPEB.—
jiraziers' — 31 @ — 32
UopperTtn'd —45 (S
d.Nlel'aPat — 50 @
•iheathing.W lb @ — 24
Iheathing, Yellow a — 25
Shoathing, Old Yellow •: ® — 12,4
Composition Nails — 24 &
Composition Bolts — 24 'a>
w Platbs.—
Elates, Charcoal, IX ^ box 13 00 @ 16 CO
Plates, I O Oharooal 13 00 @ 14 .50
Soofing Plates 12 50 (5 15 00
Banc* Tie, Slabfl, f> % — 32J£M — 33
IKKL.— English Oast, 9 lb — 20 W — 25
\ndorson A Woods' American Cast
Jnll
-IrtBar — 16
ftlow Stoel ; — 9 j
wo
pine, Sheet —
nita— Assorted afzea 4 25
IIOEBTLVElt, per lb
- 164
- 164
- 22
- 10
- 11
- U4
8 00
1 00
LEATHER.
Wednesday m., March 17, 1875.
'ty Tanned Leather, 9 lb 26 g)29
pat* Oraz Leather, » lb 26@29
tnntry Leather, » tb 24@S8
ockton Leather.!* lb 25^29
dot, 8 Ki)., perdoz ...»50 00® 54 00
dot, 11 to l3Kil„ perdoz 68 00® 79 00
[dot 14 to!9Kil,, perdoz..'. 82 00®94 00
dot, second ohoice, 11 to 16 Kil.% doz 57 00® 74 00
•rneman,12 to 16 K» 57 00® 67 00
lirnellian Females, 12 to 13 63 OOfttt 67 On
mellian F:malcs, 14 to- 16 Kil 71 ((0® 76 5ft
mon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13. Kil 60 00® 6J 00
mon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00® 72 '0
mon Ollmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00a 75 00
mon,lBKil„adoz 61 00® 63 i'U
mon, 20 Kil. $ doz 65 00® 67 00
mon. 24 Kil. fc doz 72 00® 74 00
'bert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 00
ench KipB, # lb 1 00a 1 15
lifornia Kip, mdoz 40 00®) 6' W
enoh Sheep, all colore, » doe 8 00® 15 00
[■stern Calf for Backs, & n> 100® 126
»eop Roans for Topping, all oolors, ty doz. ... 9 00® 13 00
'■sep Roans for Linings, » doz 5 50® 10 50
ilifornia RussBtt Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
i'8t JodotOalf Boot Legs, ty pair 5 00® 5 25
lod French Oalf Boot Legs, ty pair 4 00® 4 75
ench Calf Boot Legs,* pair 4 00®
irness Leather, ty & 30® 374
ir Bridle Leather, ty doz 48 00ta 72 00
irting Leather, ty & 33® 374
olt Leather,* doz 30 00® 50 00
iff Leather, ty foot 17®
*x bide Leather, ty foot 17®
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected W«k|v by Ciu.ai.ia Bdtbo A Co.]
Sam F*akci*co. ThdksdaT. Mareh 18, 1^5.
LtdAL TrNULiib in s. r\, 11 a. «., a' to I01|
Gi»id Baiu, *w. savKH Bak*. 4 aud 44 per cent diB-
Exchakoi i on N. Y„ V per cent, premium for gold;
Mcxicaa Dollars, 14 and 1 prr cent, dlncooni.
Camncy. U>4 percent. «»uLoi>d..u—Bauk*r*, 49Ji : Com-
mercial. 60. Pan*, 5lranc-H per dollar
LOKVOH—CoOMOlM. •'-' 10 ^24; Booda. 90'»: LlTerpool
Wh*«t8*. lid.; 9*. .'d : C'ubH». 4d ■ * 10
4iiLtMLM.it in S. V., by the tlaik, per lb, $1.0*
DEWEY Jfc CO.,
American & Foreign Patent Agents,
Thti best, speediest, and surest method for yon
to obtain patents, tile caveats, or transact
any other important business with the Patent
Office at Washington, or with foreign conn-
tries, is through the agenoy of DEWEY a
CO., PUBLISHERS OF THE MINING
AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS, SAN FRAN-
CISCO, an able, responsible, and long-estAb-
Ushed tirui, and the principal agents on this
side of the continent. They refer to the thous-
ands of inventors who have patronized them,
and to all prominent business men of the
Pacific Coast, who are more or less familiar
with their reputation as straightforward jour-
nalists and patent solicitors and counsellors.
We not only more readily apprehend the points
and secure much more fully and quickly the
patents for our home inventors, but with the
influence of our carefully read and extensively
circulated journals, we are enabled to illus-
trate the intrinsic merits of good patents, and
secure a due reword to the inventor, besides
serving the public who are more ready to give
a fair trial, and adopt a good thing, upon
the recommendation of honest and intelligent
publishers.
To Obtain a Patent,
A well-constructed model is generally first need-
ed, if the invention can well be thus illustrated.
It must not exceed 12 inches in length or
hight. When practicable, a smaller model is
even more desirable. Paint or engrave the
name of the article, and the name of the
inventor, and his address upon it.
Send the model (by express or other reliable
conveyance), plainly addressed, to "Dewet
& Co., Mining and Scientific Press Office,
San Fkancisco." At the same time, send a
full description, embodying all the ideas and
claims of the inventor respecting the im-
provement describing the various parts and
their operations.
Also send $15 currency, amount of first fee ot
the Government. The case will be placed on
our regular file, the drawings executed, and
the documents made up, and soon sent to the
inventor for signing.
As soon as signed and returned to us with tlu
fees then due us, it will be sent straightway
to the Patent Office at Washngton
For designs no models are necessary. Dupli-
cate drawings are required, and the specifica-
tions and other papers should be made up
with care and accuracy. In some instances for
design patents two photographs, with the
negative, answer well instead of drawings.
For further information, sead a stamp for our
illustrated circular, tontaining a digest of Pa-
tent Laws, 112 illustrated mechanical move-
ments, and Hints and Instructions regarding
the riohts and privileges of inventors and
patentees, which will be furnished post paid.
Also a copy of NEW PATENT LAW of 187Q.
When the invention consists of a new article of
manufacture, a medicine, or a new composi-
tion, samples of the separated ingredients,
sufficient to make the experiment (unless
they are of a common and well-known char*
acter), and also of the manufactured article
itself, must be furnished, with full description
of the entire preparation.
For Processes, frequently no model or drawings
are necessary. In such case, the applicant
has only to send us an exact description, and
what is desirable to claim.
Address DEWEY & CO.,
Publishers, Patent agents and Enqbavkbs,.
No. 224 Sansome street, 8. F
The Large Circulation of the Min-
ing and Scientific Press extends throughou
the mining districts of California, Nevada
Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Idaho, Montana,
British Columbia and to other parts of North
and South America. Established in 1860, it
has long been the leading Mining Journal of
the Contiuent. Its varied and reliable con-
tents giving it a charaoter popular with both
its reading and advertising patrons.
gtACIFIC f|URAL H RESS,
A first-claBS 16-page Agricultural Home Journal, fllleu
with i reBh, valuable and interesting reading. Every
iarmer and ruralist should take It. It is im-
mensely popular. Subscription, $4 a year.
DEWEY & CO., Publishers,
No. 224 Sansome street, BAN FBANOlSCO.
Thursday Noon our last formB go to press. Com-
munications Bhould. be received a week in advance aud
advertisements as early in the week bb possible.
Scientific and Practical Books
on Mining, Metallurgy, Etc.
Published or issued, wholesale and Retail, by DKWKY
CO., Mbkixo aud SciEKTunc Pases Office, S. K.
BY CUIDO KUSTEL,
MtxtKQ EnoiKKEn and MrrAixnitourr.
Roasting of Gold and Silver Ores, and the
Extraction of their Rcspoctive MetalB without Quiok
silver. 1070.
ThlB raro book on the tnatmeut of gold and silver
ort-s without qulckHllver, Is lib. ml I y illustrated aud
cramuiod full of facts. It gives short and concise .L-
Bcrlptloua of various processes and apparatus euployeu
iu tbin o.uiiiry aud in Europe, and explains the why
and whurt'fore.
It contains 142 pages, embracing Illustrations of fin-
naccH, implements and working apparatus.
It Ib a work of great merit, by an author whoso repu
tut i< hi 1b unsurpassed in his speciality.
Price $2.5U coin, or $3 currency, postage free
Concentration of Ores (of all kinds), in-
cluding the Ohlorination Process for Gold-bearing
Sulphurets, Artieniureta, and Gold and Silver Ores
generally, with 120 Lithographic Diagrams. 1867.
This work is unequaled by any other publlBhed, em-
bracing the Bubjects treated. Its authority is highly
esteemed and regarded by its readers; containing, as tt
doee, much esBentlal information to the Miner, Mill
man, Metallurgist, and other professional workers In
ores and minerals, which cannot be found elsewhere
In print. It also abounds throughout with facts and
instructions rendered valuable by being clearly ren-
dered together and in simple order. It contalnB 120
diagrams, illustrating machinery, etc., which alone are
of the greatest value. PRICE REDUCED TO $5.
Nevada and California Processes of Silver
and Gold Extraction, for general use, and especially
or the Mining Public of California and Nevada, with
full explanations aud directions for all metallurgical
operations connected with silver and gold from a
preliminary examination of the ore to the final cast-
iog of the ingot. Also, a description of tho general
metallurgy of silver ores. 1864.
As its title Indicates, thiB work gives a wide range of
Information, applicable to all vein minors and workers
in precious metals, affording hints and assistance of
exceeding value to both the moderately informed and
the most expert operator.
Price, $5 in cloth; $6 in leather— coin.
BY OTHER AUTHORS.
The Quartz Operator's Hand-Book; by P.
M.Randall. 1871. Revised and Enlarged Edition.
Oloth bound, 175 pages. Price, $2.
Sulphurets: What They Are, HOW Con-
centrated, How Assayed, aud How Worked; with a
Chapter on the Blow-Pipe Assay of MineralB. By
Wm. M.Barstow.M.D.; 1867; cloth bound, 114 pages.
Printed and sold by Dewey & Co. Price, $1; postage
free. The best written work, and moat complete
work on the subject treated.
ANY OTHER BOOKS DESIRED will be furnished at
the most reasonable rates by Dewey & Co., Mining and
8cientiflo Press Ofilce, S. F.
Our Aerents.
Gun FiiiKNDB can do mnch in aid of our paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents In their labors of canvassing, by lending their
influence aud encouraging favors. We intend to send
none but worthy men.
J. L. Thabp— San Francisco.
B. W. Cbowell— California.
A. C. Champion— Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties.
D. J. James — Australian Colonies.
J. 0. Ewtng — Contra CobU County.
John Rostban— Sonoma County.
J. W. Riley— San Joaquin and Stantislaus Counties.
W. 0. Quinby, EaBtern and Western States.
D. M. Dunn — Yolo and Colusa County.
B. E. Lloyd— Alameda County.
B. Goodwin —California.
A. 0. Kncx, Southern California.
G. W. MoGbew, Santa Clara county.
L. P, MoCabty, California.
pijiljig and Other Copipapie^.
California Beet Sugar Company.— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco,
California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described Btock, on account of assessment, levied on
the 2fith day of January, 1876, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders.
NaraeB. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Thomas fl. Beckwith 34 250 $1,250
Thomas S. Beckwith 88 42 210
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors made on the 26th day of January,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary will be sold at the office of the Com-
pany, No. 314 California street, San FranclBco, on the
twenty-second day of March, 1875, at 1 o'clock, p. m. of
eaid day, to pay delinquent assessment, together with
eusts of advertising and expenses of the sale.
Office No. 314 California Btreet, San Francisco, Cal
LOUIS FRANCONI. Secretary.
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
panv.— Principal place of business, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia. Lucation of works, Kelsey Mining District, El
Dorado County, California.
Notice in hereby given, thatat a meetinc of the Board of
Directors, held on the 17th dav of March, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. J) of Ten (10) oents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold and silver 00m, to the Secretary,
at the office of the Company. 531 California street, San
FranciBoo, Cal. , .
Any Btuok ui»on which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the Jtith day of April. 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless
Fi'ivment is made before, will he sold on Monday, the
7th day of -May 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of Bale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California street, San Francisco,
Cal. .
Electric Mining Company— Principal
Elace of bUBinesi, San Francisco, State of California,
ocation of works, Linooln Mining District, Butte
County, California. , _ _ ,
Notice is herebv given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 16th day of February, 1875, an
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately In
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock mion which this aBstusment shall remain im-
"aid on the2id day of March 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 12th day of
189
■■ ■ !■!—!■■ 1, ■ [■i^y*lll» ■■ ■■
April, 187ft, to pay the delinquent aiaostimeut, togethdr
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale. .
T. B WiEfUAHD, Secretary.
Office-Room 13, No. 318 California street, San FrahciB'co
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
pany—Location of principal place of business. City
and County of San Francisco, State of California.
Location of Works, Cherry Creek Mining District,
White Pine County, State of Nevada.
Notice— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, od account of aaseBsment No. 4, levied
on the second day of January, 1876, tbe several amounts
set opposite tho names of tho respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
George W BlbbenB 0 300 $00 00
I l' Mllllken, Trustee 9 600 100 00
I T Mllllken, Trustee 10 78 16 60
IT Mlllikeu. Trustee 30 2079 416 80
I T Millikm, Trustee 48 625 125 00
I T Milllkeu, Trustee 07 100 20 00
I T Mllllken, Trustee 88 1000 200 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 92 2000 400 00
IT Milliken, Trustee 03 1800 360 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 94 741 148 20
I T Mllllken, Trustee 106 600 100 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 106 600 100 00
IT Mllllken, Trustee 107 600 100 00
IT Mllllken, Trustee 108 6.1O 10C 00
I T Mllllken, Trustee 109 500 100 00
I T Milliken. Trustee 110 600 100 00
I T Mllllken, TruBtee Ill 600 100 00
IT Mllllken, Trustee 123 2000 400 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 126 2000 400 00
Charles Camden 28 312 62 40
Charles Camden 43 1260 250 00
Robert Merrill 34 1000 200 00
M W Kales. Tructee 99 600 100 00
M WKales, Trustee 100 500 100 00
M W Ralea, TruBtee 101 600 100 00
M W Kates, Trustee 102 600 100 00
James T Maclean 26 146 29 00.
James T Maclean 36 760 160 00
James T Maclean 87 125 35 60
James T Maclean 38 125 25 00
James T Maclean 39 125 . 26 00
James T Maclean 40 126. 26 00
J B Stanford 95 250 60 00
HBarrollhet 32 1250 350 00
Robert McBeth 34 1250 250 00
D MKenfleld 86 1250 250 00
GeoFGelBse 41 1260 250 00
S MTheall 47 625 126 00
Jeremiah Callaghan 63 62S 135 00
DWDouthltt. 67 600 100 00
Geo Treat, Trustee 64 1000 200 00
Geo Treat. Trustee 66 100 20 00
J W Phillips, Trustee 65 100 20 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the second day of Feb-
ruary,1875, so many shares of each parcel of such stock
as may be necessary, will be Bold at public auction at
the office of the company, room 1-1,302 Montgomery
Btreet, San Francisco, on Wednesday, the thirty-first day
of March, 1876. at tbe hour of 12 o'clock, m, of such
day, to pay delinquent assessments thereon, together
with costB of advertising and expenses of the sale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office, 302 Montgomery street, room 14, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Keystone Quartz Mining Company —Prin-
cipal place of business, San Francisco, California. Lo-
cation of works, Butte Township, Sierra county. Cat.
Notice is hereby given, that ata meeting of the Board of
Directo s, held on the 8th day of March, 1875 an assess-
ment (No. 4} of one dollar ($1) per share was levied upon
the capital atock of the corporation, payable immediately,
in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company, northwest corner Pine and San oms
street", San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 19th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th day of
May, 1B75, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advurtisiug and expenses of sale.
LOUIS VESARIA, Secretary.
Office, Northwest corner Pine and Sansome streets, Ban
Francisco, California.
Orleans Mining Company.— Location uf
Erincipal place of business, San Francisco, California,
location of works, Grass Valley Township, Nevada
County, California.
Notice is h<-re by given, that at n meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said corporation, held on the 16th day ot
March, 1875, an assessment (No. 3) of one dollar per share
was levied upon the capital stock of said company, paya-
ble immediately, in gold coin of the United States of
America, to the Secretary, at the office of the company,
room 8, No. 315 California street, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which said assessment shall remain un-
paid on Wednesday, the 2lst day of April, 1875, will be
advertised on that day as delinquent, an.f unless payment
shall be made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th
day of May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with costB of advertising and exnenses of sale.
J.F.NESMITH, Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 316 California street, Ban Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Princi-
pal place of business, San Franoisco, State of Califor-
nia. Location of works, Kearsarge Mining District,
Inyo County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 17th day of February, 1875, an>
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon the*
capital Btock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and stiver coin, to the Secrelary, at
tbe office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 17bh day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless pin- ment-
is made before, will be sold on Thursday, tbe 17th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Franolfleo
Theresa Mill and Mining Company.—
Principal place of business, San Francisco, Stale of Cal-
ifornia. Location of works, Ooultcrville District, Mari-
posa County, California.
Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 13th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty cents per Bhare was levied upon tho
capital stock of tbe corporation, payable Immediately, in
United States gold ond silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, Room 16, 408 California street,
San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon whir-h this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the I4th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, tbe first day of
May. 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
coais of advertising and expenses of sale. _
B. V. HIOKOX, Secretary.
Office— Room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California.
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company.
Principal place of business, city and countv of San Fran-
cisco, State of Gilif«rnia. Location of works, Tuolumne
county, State of California.
Notice is hereby given, thnt at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 23d day ot February, 18.5. an assess-
ment of twenty (20) cent* per Bhare was levied upon the
canilal stock of the corporation, payable immediately In
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at tho office of
tho company, room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal. ■ '
Any stock upon which thi* a=scB3ment shall remain un-
paid on the 2.5m day of March, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Satur-'ay, the seventeenth
(17th) day of April, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and expenseB or Bale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office. Room 14, 302 Montgomery street. Ban Francisoo
California.
X90
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 26, 187 $•
iron and Machine hh
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 126 Beale Street SAN TOANOISCO
I!. I. CCBBT,
Late Foreman oi the-Vnloan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANOTA.OTHREP.S OP THE CELEBRATED
8PIBAL BOILEB.
SHEET IRON "WORK of eTery description done
at the SnorteBt Notice.
All Mndu of JOBBING and BEPAffiMa promptly
attended to. 17T25-3m
THE RISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED ^JFSA1868-
OAPITAL J1.000.00U.
LOCATION OE WOBKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAN FBAMOISCO.
Mannfactnrers of Steam Engines. Quarts and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High andLowPres-
Bure) All kinds of light and heavy CastingB at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors
Joseph Mooro, Jesse Holladay,
Wm. Norris, Wm. H. Taylor,
James D. Walker.
XJ. E. McLane,
J. B. Haggin,
WM. H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vI7-qy
JFTTLTON
Foundry and Iron Works,
HINCKLEY & CO.,
KAVOUOTUUBB OF
grtJAM ENGINES,
Quartz* ETLoii* and. Saw Mills,
flayer Improved Steam Pump, Urodlfi la.
proved Crasher* Mining; Fnmpi,
Amiileamaton, and all kinds
or Machinery.
If. E.corner of Tehama and Fremont rtreeta, above How-
street, ten Francisco. 9-Q7
Emp ire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fbemont Street, San Fhamoibco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light CastingB of every d«Bcription. House
Fronts Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
Btrncted at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Eoad-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughworfc, Sash "Weights, Ventilators, Dumb EellB,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MASanOTURHRS OF
HTEAM ENGINES, BOILEB8,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar's Patent Self-Adjusting- St earn Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all k.lnd» of Mining Machinery.
Front Street* between J¥ and O atreete*.
Sacramento Oitt.
G. "W. Pbebcott.
"W. R. EOffABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVLLLE, .-.---.-- 0AL.
PBESCOTT & ECKAKT,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisiine Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill It-ohm, Hoqbq
Fronta, Car "Wheels, and Costings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
'First Street, bet, Howard and FolBom, San Francisco,
Machinery and Casting's of all kinds.
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Eock Drill ComDany.
— MANUFAOTUREBS OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for fBlasting-, Putnam Ma-
1 chine Company's Tools, ."Wright's Steam
Primps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
TVATtlilE «5fc LACY,
2iv28-3m-hd 310 California St., S. F.
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for the best
In the great National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
We have maile ppecial shipping arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Pacific Coast. lfc?~0NLY SEVEN DATS BY MilL FROM SAN FIlANCISCO.-'ea Send your address for a lull
report of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of sawa that jou use, with ttie thicknens, i-ize and
kind that yon use, and specify such as you will require within the next GO days. We will guarantee to furnish
you with uaws that have no equal in quality, and at priceB that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, F0R3 & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
EAGLE WORKS M.F.G. CO.
muz
:v£. ROLLERS
iM^b:1 c PANS and"
AGENTS r"0l
ipJF'-T ^SYSTEMATIC
itO«e:s
lOu^.l.LfUBH^iNG
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
«. & II. BABNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nos. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.lv
SHEET IltOIV PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPHAXTTTM
PD?E, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the Bame where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the leant amount of material.
Standard sizeB of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box— introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlaBt any other
wheels made in this State.
sy All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOOSE, Superintendent.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA EOXTIVr>IftY,
29 and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard,
San Frmcisco.
U«HT AND HEAVY CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 2»vlSar
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St.,
Near Howard,
SAN FRANCISCO.
MANUFACXTTnEBS OF
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B. — Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
UANTJFAC-TtmEIta OF ALL KINDS OF
Maohine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
13. 15 and 17 Dranun StTeet. San FranclBOO. 4v241y
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILER MAKERS
AND GKIIKKAi. MACHINISTS,
Howard St.. between Fremont and Beale. Ban Francisco
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes — from 2 to 60-Horse power. Alao, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the loweBt prices by
10v27tf J. HENDT, No. 32 Fremont Street.
Occidental Foundry,
187 and 139 Fibst Street,
San Fbanghoo.
,"■,■ it".jl|jJfi)J_J-''
STEIGKEE, & KERB,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for BurninR
Screenings. ,
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
Golden State Iron Works. •
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
4
PALMER, KNOX &. CO.,
19 to 25
FIBST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Mandfactdee
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVEB PTJBNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Saving mucb experience in the business of tue Re-
duction of Orep, we are prepared to advise, under-
standingly, purtiee about to erei t Reduction Worts as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Jko. P. Kakkin. Established 1850. A. P. Bkaytoi
Pacific Iron Works,
Fibst Street,
Sam Francisco.
Geo. W. Eoere, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION QIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
I
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
FKATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
CrOBBARD & CO., Props.
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AND —
Every "Variety at Shafting
Embracing ALL SIZES < f
Steamboat Shafts, Oranbi, Piston and Con*
3 nectlnfr Uod(,Curand Locomotive Ailei
and Frames
— 1L90 —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size
n^- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. 0- box 2032, San Francisco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
D&- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
Xc. 1*5 First street, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all sum e of Brass, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Met*
Casting*, Brass Ship Work of all kinds. Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Kaddcr Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bellsand
Qongsof auperiortone. All klndsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Conner
tions of ail sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
«- PRICES MODERATE, -fit
J. H. WRF.P. V. KTNOWET.L.
California Machine Works,
110 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Buildere of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating's Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Hydraulic Hoist fob Stones,
And Geucra] Machinists, 3Sv2S-3m
(arch 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
191
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
COOK, RYME* k CO.'S Celebrated Holding Engines have been too long
In uhv K.u ttie Pacific Coast to require any »p©cln.l noomnittndatluD from us.
We refer with conndeuce to any one of the hundreds now in uj.e. We simply
state that tliey -till sustain their old reputation, the manufacturer* uot
having followod the n«w too common practice of reducing tuo quality of
material and workmanship for tho Hake of compollng with cheaper cug'mui*
For details of sizes aeud for price lbti. We desire to call particuiar atUntiou
to our in-* 0
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by tbo name parties.)
Which have Juat been Introduced on this Coast. The plana and specifications
are tuo combined efforta of ouk most BCCOaaarOL uumno knolnekmb, and the
rrsnll Is the ui'ibt complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING- ENGINE
Ever built. Their advantagOH will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
the QeoeaaltlM of a mhie. One of these engines may be seen at work in the
Helcher intue. and one In the Ophir. on the Conostock lode, to both of which
Wt r.i.r. lE/'We havu all situs of these engines constantly on hand. For
sule only at
TREADWELL & CO.'S,
2:wl9.eow-tf „___ San Francisco, Cal.
'LANING MA.C H INE 8.
FOR REFERENCE.— BLETHEX Jt TERREY, Oakland: D. A.
iTrliuSALD k CO., S. v.; PACIFIC HAW CO., 8. F.; ISAKEft &HAMIL-
ruN. S. F.: W. T. OAWtE'PT. 8. F.; BURNHAM, 8TANDEFORD k CO.,
>akUml; A. M. JEWELL k CO.. South Point Mill; RICHARDSON k
lOl.LAND*. S. V.
The ailvantipfs of this machine over all others are:
at. The -wrought iron slotted head (with steel journals) which is slotted on four
, admitting of rustic moulding and heeding knivos with planer knives.
it. The improved links and extra heavy gearing which allows the expansion of the rolls to double the extent of any other machine.
d. The manner in which we drop tho matcher henrls, unscrewing the braHS matcher heads und raising the pall and lever, allowing the shafts to drop entirely out
f a way. converting it to a 24-inch eurfacer, which is done in a moment, while with the old style it taken an hour's time.
th. The extreme simplicity of the machine, and the manner in which the pins are set in the grating, holding the board against the guide, and the shipping lever for
eed ami extreme length of the boxes which keeps the journals perfectly cool, and oil boxes in all the journals.
ih. Ten years' experience in improving and perfecting thiB machine, having been In constant communication with leading mill men, and the ablest mechanics on
b aclflc Coast, together with sn experience of twenty-eight years in building wood-cutting machinery, I confidently assert that this machine posesaeB every requisite
* red in a wood-planing machine, and all that scionco and skill can accomplish has been bcBtowed on this machine to bring it to a degree of perfection hitherto
1 ained in any other machine manufactured; and I confidently challenge the world to produce its equal.
1I1. The above cut represents one of my smallest machines. I also build a two-roll machine, which is four-sided, adapted to planing mill use. Others with four
with or without nnderbead. Also a six-roll machine with or without underhead; and with or without a third matcher head for sireiug the lumber, and many other
t; t of machines as required.
th. My machine is the most .simple, most durable, and less liable to get out of order; and are sold twenty per cent, less than any other machines ever Bold on this
For further particulars, price liBt, etc., please address
I. H. SMALL, Manufacturer.
Corner Market and Beale Streets. San Francisco.
DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF
i.A.iR,:D"W"^:R,:E], iboit, steel
AND OTHER METALS,
107, 109 and I I I FRONT STREET,
108, HO and 112 PINE STREET,
SAN PEANCI8CO, CAL.
2v30-Bm-eow
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for "meets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFGr. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio-
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, 0 ., Chicago, 111.
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, KX7S3ELL & 00.,
Mechanics* Mills, Cor. Mission k Fremont Streets,
3v28-3m-aa
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established "1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to nil ordet-s for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizes:
Tarred Manila Ropo ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc, etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
do20 611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco,
PARKE jfc LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
TO COPrER SMELTERS, BLUE STONE
and Sulphuric Acid Manufacturers.
For sale or to leuBe, the LEVIATHAN COPPER
MINE, In Alpine county, California.
The ore. which is In the form of BlHPate, black and
red oxide, and gray Bulphide, with metallic copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to live feet
thick, and 15 to 60 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations realized $30,-
000 for BlueBtone. In sleht, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons IS per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Coat of
extraction, $*. There Is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, Impregnated with 2i per cent, of
pure sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantage-
ous terms will be offered. For further particulars
apply to Louis Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpin
county, Cal.
NUTBOD HAULS IB.
RICHABD O. HANSOH.
RioHiED 0. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
Importers or all kinds of
Patent Bushings & Gearing; Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED XEATHEB FOB PUMPS,
Lijjrrum Vitca for JttLU Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
ear Market, ..... bah fbanoisco
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'3 PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furniBhed of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SETERANOE h CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and IT.
2iv26-tf
192
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
|*March 20, 1875.
The Mining and Scientific Press THE EXCELSIOR MINING PUMP
[Established in San Fbancisoo, I860.]
Is the leading mining journal in America, and enjoys
a large circulation among the more intelligent opera
tore and workers in the gold fields of the world.
As a scientific and mechanical representative of the
Pacific Coast, it is decidedly popular and a .standard
journal with the most thrifty industrial people Of the
Pacific States and Territories. Its authority is of the
highest order, and its usefulness in its special sphere
unrivalled.
Every public library .mining engineer, metallurgist,
mining operator and intelligent mechanic and manufac
urer will find profit by its reading.
Subscription, $i a year, in advance. Sample copies
post paid, 10 cents. As an
ADVERTISING
Medium for the Pacific Coast, it is superior to any oth
er journal for all kinds of mining and hydraulic ma-
chinery and other mechanical work, building materials,
new manufactures and inventions. Our rates are very
reasonable compared with those of other first-claSB
journals. DEWEY & CO., Publishers-
221 Sansome street, San Francisco.
THE TURBINE.
0
0
p
5"
THE INVENTOB OF THE
DEXTER WINDMILL
Has made new and useful improvements in Windmills,
and now feels confident of having the SIMPLEST,
CHEAPEST, MOST DURABLE, and
ONLY PERMANENT WINDMILL
IN THE "WORLD.
Simplest, because it is leBs complicated ; Cheapest,
because it never neqds repair, standing on a firm foun-
dation; Most Durable, because it is all under cover,
and has less rigging to get out of order; Only Perma-
nent, becau.se the only Windmill in the world that has
never been injured by storms. Hundreds of people,
who have thought the Dexter perfect, will be glad to
obBeive the SUPERIORITY OF THE TURBINE over
all predecessors. Although much improved, the price
of mills remain the same as formerly. Persons who
study their own interest will investigate the TURBINE
before purchas Ing any other.
Territory for sale outside of California, at reasonable
rates and easy terms.
Mills Built to Order of the Best Material,
and at the Shortest Notice.
K7~For further information regarding MillB or Terri-
tory, address,
A. H. SOX7THWIOK,
P. O. Box 1385, San Francisco; or
P. O. BOS 25, Oakland, Cal.
mrl3-lam-bp
THE AMERICAN
TURBINE
Water Wheel.
Power Pledged Equal to
any Over-shot "Wheel
Ever Built.
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific testB by James Emerson, showing tho following,
useful effect of the powefc of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, U 60.08; J$ 69.64; % 78.73
X 82.53; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emerson sayB: " These are the best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine Wheel
in my experience."
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
farther information desired, furnished on application to
TSEADWELL & OO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific StateB and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
MAGAZINES.
P. An,
Harpar'e Weekly
5 00
Literary Album. . ...
London Society.
6 00
All the Year Round..
15 00
W. E. LOOMIS,
News Dealer
AND STATIONER,
8. E. corner of Sansome and
Washington streets,
SUPPLIES AT.T,
Eastern Perodicals
BY THE
Year, Month, or Number
WITS EIGHT YEARS' USE OF THIS PUMP WE CONFIDENTLY
Recommend its use for Mining; and Prospecting.
Send for Circular
BRITTAN, HOLBROOK & CO.t
General Agents, 111 and 113 California St.,
SAN FRANCISCO. (And- also Sacramento.)
QUICKSILVBE/.
Bandol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Soientifi Prebs, November 7th, 1874.
Patented Novembeb 25th, 1873.
ANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See MnttHO and Scientific Pbess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER COPiDKNSERS,
MADE OF IKON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific! Pbess, November 16th, 1873.
For plans and rights to nse, address
21v29-16p-3m F FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal.
GIANT POWDER.
Patented Mai 30, ISO 8.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, 3VO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, ISO. S,
For medium and aeamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLTJBTVE use BaveB from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, heeides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
tt&~ The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
A. ROMAN & CO.,
Booksellers, Stationers, Importer's, 33lanlr Book Man-
ufacturers, and "Wholesale Dealers in ' every thing re-
quired by the Trade and School Departments, invite
attention to their Btock of Standard and Miscellaneous
Books, which, for completeness and variety, cannot be
excelled.
JUVENILE BOOKS of every description.
SCHOOL BOOKS— Latest and most approved.
SCHOOL FURNITURE— Elegant, durable and cheap'
STATIONARY— Foreign and domestic.
BLANK BOOKS in stock and made to order.
LETTER, NOTE, AND INITIAL PAPERS in every
variety.
BSP" Late Publications received as soon as issued.
Book Buyers and Libraries supplied on liberal terms.
Eastern Publishers' catalogues forwarded post-paid, free
of charge, upon application. ■
Special care will be taken in filling Wholesale and
Retail orderB by mail aud express, with promptness,
and at the lowest cash rates.
A choice assortment of the latest styles of Fine Sta-
tionary constantly on hand in both departments— retail
and wholesale.
a! soman & co.,
11 Montgomery Street, Lick House Blook.
eow San Francisco, Cal.
SuTTKn Obeek, February 28th, 1876.
Messes. Dewey & Co. — I have received my Letters
Patent through your agency. And, for your prompt
ness, accept my thsnkB. Tours, S.N. Ksight.
W. T. &ARRATT.
4| CITY A
J^ Brass and Bell Founder, 4»
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
ALUTCTFACTUBEBS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
C A.STINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
1MVEKN AXD LASD BELLS, OOXUS,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUHPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per RivetB, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cooks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizeB.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
je-Higbest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
Geoeoe Wilson, formerly contributor of the Miwimq
and Sotentifio Phe&s, will pleaBe addreSB this office.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 187
HASKiWS
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The highest and only prize of its clean given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,!
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair In Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
N. W. SPAULDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT. •
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market,
No Agents are authorized to receive subscriptions for
this paper at less than our advertised ratee.
MANUFACTURER 07
SPATJLDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most du able and economn'
cal Saws in the Woiid.
Eaoh Saw is Warranted in every respeotii
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT BHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
BAIRD'S
FOE PRACTICAL MEN.
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTI-
CAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 8vo., wiUbt
Bent free of postage, to anv one who will favor mewitb
his address. HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
16p Philadelphia.
Cazin's Combination Ore-Sizer and Con-
centrator—One Plunger System.
[Covered by Letters Patent of July 2d, 1872, and recall
applications.]
Containing a sizing apparatus, {revolving screen) del
livering two or low: sizes of ore to two or four rows o 1
sieves, each row independent of the other, and eacl
having 5 sieves, each row concentrating according t j
specific gravity the special size automatically fed unt
it, resulting in the simultaneous continual delivery o ■]
separated materials, worbing 2d and 9d-claSh oreBint j
lBt-class ores of perfect cleanness. It thoroughly se[ ;
arates native gold or copper from quartz or any otbe i
lode matter; — galena and silver sulphurets froi
pyrites, baryta and quartz; and pyriteB from quartz. 1
A0 ded to a battery of stamps these machines const I
tute a full system 'of ore concentration, sufficient i y
most cases for the requirements of western mines, wit
a capacity of 15 or 20 tons per 24 hours.
For particulars apply to,
F. CAZIN, M. & C. E.
Supt. Denver Concentration and Smelting O
At Denver, Colorado, Lock-Box 2226, or corner (
Blake and 32d itreets:- agS-16p
■H
Dewey & Co.
I 224
:8ah9oms 8t
Patent Agt's
An Illustrated
Patent Hoiii-iiorh,
&®km® mi &®mml
SAN FEANCISCO, SATURDAY. MARCH 27, 1875.
The District Telegraph.
In most of the large cities in the East, the
district telegraph it* an "institution" which
can no longer be considered as an experiment,
and its convenience to the public is such that
It would be difficult to do without it. Until
recently, no attempts have been made to in-
augurate this system on this coast, but recently
a company haa been organized, the boxes are
being made, and shortly San Francisco can
I boast of its eqnaUty with other great cities, in
I having its district telegraph. As this is an en-
terprise with which the public is likely to have
| intimate relations in the fnture, a sketch of its
character and purposes will be interesting:
The object of the district telegraph is to place
at the immediate service of each of its sub-
acribers a specially trained force of messengers,
watchmen and policemen, and to do all thi» at
so low a price as to enable any one in moderate
circumstances to avail himself of the company's
services. The city is divided into districts
of such size that the extreme points in the dis-
trict c*a be reached in three minutes from an
office situated in the center of the district,
where there is a force of operators, clerks, mes-
sengers, firemen and policemen. A signal box,
such as is shown on this page, ia placed in the
house or office of each subscriber, and is con-
nected with the district office by telegraph
wires. The signal box has. a switch arm of
three positions, as shown, respectively: "mes-
senger," "police," and "tire." Each box has
tt» own number, which is recorded at the dis-
trict office against the name and address of the
subscriber. In the interior of the box is a train
of wheels, clook gearing, which, when the arm
is turned, starts in motion, and the number of
the box is given at the station, in the same
manner as the fire-alarm box.
If a messenger is wanted, the switch is
moved to " messenger," and instantly a trusty
boy is seDt to answer the call. Placing the
switch arm to "police" brings a private police-
man, and switching to "fire," brings the fire-
men, as afterwards explained. The baBis of
the system is, that the messenger, police or
fireman's service shall be performed within
three minutes, at any time of day or night. In
such cities, where it is established, the em-
ployees of the company perform a great variety
of public service.
The messengers run errands, carry parcels,
make collections, tend offices, distribute haud-
bills or cards and do about everything within
the range of a boys capacity. The companies
are very careful in selecting boys and are re-
sponsible for their honesty, in a fixed sum. The
business generally requires about one boy to
each ten boxes and affords respectable employ-
ment to a great number of lads, who are, by
strict discipline and business association, grad-
ually trained to fill more important'duties. In
many cases people employ boys who are only
needed for an hour perhaps each day; by this
system many of these boys can be dispensed
with, and at the same time they can find em-
ployment with the company.
The policemen are frequently called to re-
move obstreperous servants and other nuis-
ances; and if burglars are heard in the house,
or the occupants are alarmed by suspicious
noises on the premises, a touch of the button
brings assistance at anytime of day or night
In oases of fire the system is invaluable.
tinder the best system of city fire alarms it takes
an average of ten minutes to reach a fire-alarm
box, find the person in charge of the key and
send in the alarm; and then the department
must have time to reach the fire. With the
district telegraph in the house the signal can
be sent instantly and within three minutes fire-
men are working on the fire with extinguishers.
In this city a fire patrol has recently been or-
ganized by the Insurance companies, and ar-
rangements have been made so that this patrol
will respond to calls from any these district sig-
nal boxes. By turning theswitch arm to "fire"
a signal is conveyed to the central office. The
operator then sends the alarm by telegraph to
the fire patrol station, giving street and num-
ber, and the fire patrol with all the appar-
atus necessary to extinguish incipient fires and
Bave property are soon on the ground.
~ At the Bame time the district office sends the
alarm to the nearest engine-house, so that the
Steam fire engine will also come. In case the
fire gets too much headway word iu sent by
telegraph to the fire alarm office, and a general
alarm is struck in the usual way. The com-
pany will have independent wires to each en-
gine house in the district, so that no delay is
necessary, as the gong will be struck as soon
as a signal is made for "fire." It will be seen
from this that the Bystemis very simple and ef-
ficient in case of fire, as all this is accomplished
by telegraph, and with as little fuss as possi-
ble. The patrol first comes to the bouse, and
if mora help is necessary then the nearest en-
gine in the district, and then if the fire threat-
ens to be destructive the whole department
turns out. Usually independent firemen are
kept by the fire companies, but the existence of
the fire patrol here does away with the necessity
of special policemen.
This telegraph company will, of course, have
independent wires and gongs of its own. Still,
if any one wishes to telegraph to any part of
the world he can send the despatch by a mes-
VOLTJWE
Number
xxx
13
Students in the Field.
The first of a series of explorations, under
the auspices of the University of California, is
to be made during the ooming spring recess,
which began last Thursday. These explora-
tions cr surveys are designed to illustrate and
teach in the field what is taught in the lecture-
rooms at Berkeley, and will include geology
and mineralogy, topography, surveylpg, zoology,
botany and related studies. In conducting this
out-door work the party will be under the
usual discipline which is observed in govern-
mental expeditions of the same general charac-
ter. The objective point in this instance will
be Mount Diablo and the country intervening
between said place and Berkeley. In order to
make the work more effective the number of the
Hydraulic Mining in California.
1
■
District Telegrhph Alarm. Box.
Fig. 1. A, Hook and "Wire Con-
nection; B. Fiances.
senger, who is called to receive it, and need not
move from his chair. The boy can also be in-
structed to wait for an answer, if desired.
The central office of this company is at No.
417 California street, in a room 25 by 75 feet.
The first district will include a five-minute ser-
vice from that center. Only one district has
as yet been organized, and those on the out-
side limits of the district can get a message in
five minutes. The boxes are being made in this
city by the Electrical Construction and Main-
tenance company. The officers of the District
Telegraph company are:— James Gamble, Pres-
ident; Geo. S. Ladd, Vice-president, and
Stephen D. Field, Secretary and Treasurer.
The rates to be charged are $2.50 per month
for use of boxes. Of course no charge will be
made for putting boxes in and keeping them
in order. The sum of 15 cents per half hour
will be charged for the time actually employed
by the boys. These boys are to be uniformed,
and the policemen employed are specials.
This system is no experiment, having been
tried with great success in other large citieB.
Here, only one district will be laid out for the
present,- but in time no doubt the whole city
will be districted and then there will be a cen-
tral office for each district. The advantages of
the method are so obvious that they need no
explanation after what has been already said.
The tariff is not high and many business men
will no doubt avail themselves of the facilities
thus offered them, at their offices as well as
their homes. The messengers can be told to
do anything that boys can do, and people are
charged only for the time actually employed.
The police system will do away with many spec-
ial police, and the fire alarm is invaluable.
party is limited, including some of the profes-
sors in the scientific colleges, and others selected
according to their specialties in natural sciences'.
"When the party returns, the material col-
lected and the field notes and general observa-
tions are to be properly worked up and a re-
port will be made to the authorities of the
University by the Secretary of the Association,,
F. A.McLean.
The expedition is under the charge of Prof.
Jos. LeConte. The party is composed of the
following persons in their specialties: In Na-
tural Science, Prof. Jos. LeOonte; Geology,
Prof. "W. B. Bising and F. State Jr.; Chemical
Geology; A. W. Jackson, Jr., Mineralogy; F.
P. McLean, Botany; John Stillman, Geology.
The Engineering Department is under Prof.
John LeOonte, assisted by G. 0. Edwards, L.
L. Hawkins and E. A. Parke r.
The above mentioned will probably ba joined
at the mountain by President Gilman, Prof.
W. H. Brewer, of Yale, now lecturing at the
University; Drs. A. Kellogg (curator of the
museum of the California Academy of Scien-
ces), and W. P.1 Gibbons, botanists, and Sec-
retary B. E. 0. Stearns in riatural history. We
shall give Borne account of the result of these
explorations.
While speaking of the University, we may
mention that Prof. D. 0. Gilman has resigned
the Presidency for the purpose of accepting a
similar position in another university in the
East. Prof. John LeConte, a member of the
Faculty, has been appointed temporary Presi-
dent. While regrets are felt at Professor Gil-
man's departure, the appointment of Professor
LeConte, who has been bO long connected with
J the University, is a cause ''of congratulation ! '
Distributer.
This is a strong cast-iron box, receiving di-
rectly from the supply-pipe all the water to be
UBed by means of hydraulio machines in the
mines. It is provided with two or more open-
ings, to which the pipes, directly connected
with the hydraulic nozzles, are attaohed.
These openings can be closed by strong iron
gates, raised or lowered by means of a sorew.
To change the water from one hydraulic nozzle
to another the gate for the latter is opened by
turning the screw. At this point two streams
of equal power will issue from the two nozzles.
Now, the screw of the first hydraulic nozzle is
turned, the gate closes slowly, and the whole
of the water is changed from one nozzle to the
other.
These distributers are provided with as many
as four gates, so that four , hydraulic nozzles
could be supplied from one of them, provided
the supply of water and the feed-pipe were
large enough to furnish' the four nozzles at the
same time. The distributer must be firmly
fixed to the ground.
The Supply or Feed Pipe.
The size of this pipe must necessarily de-
pend on the supply of water. In mines wbioh
use from 1,500 to 2,000 inches of water, feed-
pipes of 22 inches diameter are generally uped.
When the supply of water is higher than that,
and rises to 3,000 inches or more, it is advisa-
ble to use a pipe of 30 inches diameter, sinoe
the friction is lessened to a great extent by the
large size.
The feed pipe should descend from a strong
bulk-head in as direct a line as possible, and
with the least angles, to tae mine. It should
not be permitted to fall and rise again, unless
this is unavoidable; and then it Bhould be pro-
^idad with an extra number of air-valves, with
brass floats. (The depressed portion of the
pif^e would retain the water all the time, and
might be at any moment the cause of a collapse,
unless efficient air-valves could supply air
quick enough to prevent a vacuum. These
air-valves ought to be provided with brass
not wooden, floats, since the swlling of the
latter will, under some circumstances, wedge
them so tightly in the valve' that the atmos-
pheric pressure is unable to remove them; a
collapse is tbe consequence.)
The water at the bulk-head must cover the
mouth of the pipe for a depth of 3 or 4 feet, to
lessen the amount of air, some of which, un-
dfr all circumstances, will enter with the water.
Where' the feed-pipe has a permanent position,
it is the best plan to have joints riveted to-
gether; that part of the pipe which is lia-
ble to be shifted must be connected by hooks
and wire, and the joints must be calked care-
fully. The pipe must be plaoed in such a posi-
tion that itis immovable; on precipitous ground
braces and frame-works, weighted down wiih
stones, ou^ht to be used at intervals. An air-
pipe must be attached to the feed-pipe at or
near itsupper end. (See Fig. 1.) ;
The iron used for these feed-pipeB varies
from No. 16 to No. 11, 'and lower, according to
the greater or less pressure; however, care
should always be taken not only to employ the
best rhareoal-iron, but also to have it strong
enough agiinst all chances.
■ For a 22 inch pipe No.' 16 irnn was used for
pressure up to 150 feet; No. 14 from 150 to 250
leet; No. 12 from 250 to 310 feet. For a 30-
inch pipe No 14 iron was used for pressure up
to 150 feet; No. 12 from 150 to 2751 feet.
The pipes supplying the hydraulic nozzle
from the distributer will differ in size, say from
10 to 15 inches; must be made of No. 14 or
No. 12 iron, and must be connected either by
flanges or by hooks and wire; well calked and
firmly secured in their position. '
All the pipes should bs protected by immer-
sion in Dr. Angus Smith's preparation of coal-
tar.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldey er, of
the last Annual Report of the U. 8. Commissioner of
Mining Statistics.
194
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 27, 1875
Correspondence.
Mexican Mines.
The Native Silver District of Morelos, State of
Chihuahua, Mexico.
quite a number of mines and veins, either en-
tirely virgin yet, or at best bat veiy little pros-
pered foi want of enterprise and capital, al-
though -some of them seem to offer very fair
hopes of giving good results with comparatively
little onthy.
The mineral ground throughout here is of
patches of syenite, gieans'one and diorite;
also porphyry. Here lies the
El Socorro Mine,
A comparatively new one, first discovered
about 15 years ago, by Bon Juan Avila, who
found rich chlorides cropping ont in various
spots, lint was satisfied in taking out what
the very best cla3S, and those lodes which have j^erewas on and near the surface, without car
(Written for the Pbehs "by A. E. Koels.)
[Continued from last week.]
Some distance to the northeast on the
same side of the mountain, but on another
spur, we find the
San Anaslasio Mine,
With similar general direction, and about 18
degrees dip; also similar in point of general
characteristics of the lode in point of matrix,
nature of its ores, and signs of nearing such,
although these latter contain more iron pyrites
and more or less ruby silver. Like the San Gil
lode, the San Anastasio shows an average widlh
of three-fourths to one yard, in many places
considerably widening out.
Discovered Beveral years later than the San
Gil by the same avila, its chlorides on the
surface soon changed into native silver mixed
ores, frequently becoming very massive and
thick, so that the same had to be chiseled out,
not breaking out by the blast.
The ownership passed in -time into the hands
of a v*ry intelligent and energetic miner, Sr.
Don Manuel Saenz, whose enterprise was soon
rewarded by a large bonanza. Like all mints
this al-o did not carry its metal in one contin-
uous stretch, but rather in deposits more or
le-s toward a certain direction — chimnev-like;
yet it has hardly ever failed to give sufficient
low grade ores, of from $50 to §80 per ton, to
cover the running expenses, and those very
docile for amalgamation.
The silver is not coming out of the mine ns
bright and white as that of the San Gil; being
more or less tainted by oxides, yet very pure,
and gives considerably of the peculiar class
called there black silver (plata negra) Pronstite
which loBes only 1 to 2 per cent, in smelting;
also another interesting kind which looks like
brightly polished steel.
Under the present administration of Sr. Don
Angel Guerrero, the mine bids fair to give an-
other great bonanza before long. In fact ihe
barren spaces of the lode seem in no direction
to he large, but need thorough prospection.
The depth of the mine is 140 yards, and of
its value speaks the large rubbish pile (terrero)
whose silver contents are alone" calculated to
range over $100,000.
A general working shaft, following the in-
clination of the vein down to the bottom of the
mine allows the taking out of the rubbish by
means of a windlass moved by mules. A great
number of threads tend to enrich the lode, some
of the,m carrying visible native silver on the
surface. Four or five regular veins running
with Bhort distances parallel to the San Anas-
tasio higher up on the tlope, belonging to vb
claim have been but very little prospected, yet
give all the most fla' tering promises and induce-
ments for a tunnel enterprise which I under
stand will indeed be given at a later period.
The mill driven by splendid, never-failinc water
power, is well appointed and of sufficient
capacity.
The San Pedro,
About eighty yards west of the former, belongs
to the Sae*uz heirs. Water having filled its
lower works, which are said to be VZ0 yards
deep, I did not inspect it thoroughly. The
work in it has been stopped for over fifteen
years. For a considerable time, however, it
gave a great bonanza, a large part of which was
in very massive native, especially " black
silver." The water entering through fissures
caused the stoppage of the workings; the last
ones are reported to be in very good fourth-
class ore. and public opinion states that very lit-
tle work on them would bring the mine again
into a bonanza. Its location is very favorable
for tunnel enterprise, its general features re-
sembling closely those of the San Anastasio.
To the southwest of the San Gil, higher up
on the same side of the hill, lies the
Santa Matilda,
Consisting of two very formal lodes, lying in ex-
cellent mineral ground,about three-quarter yards
wide, running southeast to northwest with a
dip tending to unite them in about 100 yards
depth. At the place and time of its discovery,
some twenty years ago, it gave very rich chlo-
rides and a considerable amount of first aod
second class native silver. A gallery driven by
its present owner, Signor Don Ignacio Rocha,
to a considerable length on the lower vein failed
to give rtsu't-; the upper one, called Cinco
Senores, promises, however, very fairly. The
depth of the workings does not pass sixty
yards. In most general features it resembled
San Gil, giving also much raby silver.
The geological formation of the mountain be-
gins to change unfavorably a short distance
west of the mine. The owner, I understand,
is desirous to enter into acceptable arrange-
ments with parties willing to work the mine in
a regular way. It is very favorably sppken of
by the mining population.
Going over to the west side of the mountain,
we find on it, or on spurs running out from
and hiils separated from it by deep ravines,
at some time been opened, now, however, lying
idle, have not disappointed the expectations
their appearance caused in their owners. The
most of these desire enterprising capitalists to
take hold of them, and would offer fair con-
ditions to sueh. Among such mines I only
mention the El Carmen, • Santo Nino, Sau
Miguel, San Juan, La Consalacion, Los Hilos,
Dulces Nombres, Bich'ares and Las Papaa,
all of which have been merely picked at, hardly
any over ten to thirty yards in any direction.
The San Francisco,
Owned by Signor Don Gabriel Gomez, includes
four or five formal veins, some of which gave
very rich metallic silver. Their * deepest work
haidly reaches forty yards. So far as I have
convinced myself, its prospects are very flatter-
ing.
La Trinidad,
Composed of two lodes running near together
from southeast to northwest?, with a west dip
of 18 degrees, which have at various times pro-
duced fine deposits of very solid native silver
and chlorides. The fourth class ores are re-
puted to be very rich in sulphurets, and the
quality of the metal produced the richer the
deeper developed. Considerable calcsp«r seems
to enter the matrix of the lode, and all the dis-
tinctive features of this mine appear highly
flattering. Its owner, Sr. Don Benino Diaz,
not being able to work it properly for lack of
funds, would wish to enter into negotiations
about it on liberal terms. The work on tha
veins Dowhere exceeds 45 yards in depth. West
of the San Francisco is found the great
San Joaquin Mine,
At the time of its discovery in the first quarter
of the century, so celebrated by its greit bo-
nanza, that from it dates the still ex-isting small
mining village San Joaquin de Is Arrieros.
No precise records are now existing as to its
actual production, it is only known that it gave
many millions, a great part of which in the
very richest kind of native, and even large
masses of perfectly solid silver. Don Juan
Escudero, in his "Estadistica del estado de
Chihuahua," speakirjg of it says, that he per-
sonally was present on the 9th of May, 1826,
when the owners caused a blast to be made in
one of the works, to throw a part of the vein
down, not over 1% yards long, by 1% wide
and 1% yards high, which resulted in over
$7,000 in silver, of which they sold to him one
tangle piece in native silver, of 73 pounds
weight, at the rate of $16 per pound. The
depth of the mine is not much over 100 yards,
and wherever accessible, the large saloon like
cavities show plainly where the deposits of
metal were taken out. The upper workings
being partly filled up with rubbish, only the
lower ones can be entered ; where by la' er own-
ers a short tunnel was run, resulting also in
rich returns, yet for some reason, unknown to
me, not followed up. In this latter work a
very rich cross-vein, containing a greal deal of
iron, wab cut.
The lode runs along the top of a very nar-
row spur from east to west, dipping south, and
shows from % to 1% yards wide, with a gord
deal of calcsparin the matrix. The prevailing
country rock is diorite. On both ^ides of the
spur run also a number of other formal lodts
parallel to the San Joaquin, all now included
in one claim known as the
El Carmen,
Owned by an American, Mr. B. J. JoDes and
parties represented by him. Some of them
have been opened and prospected to an insig-
nificant extent, all have given rich chlorides
and good deposits of native silver. Quite a
number of good sized cross lodes traverse them
from southwest to northeast in almost regular
short distances, while many threads carry also
metal in them. The Carmen vein is, how-
ever, the only one being worked at present
with a small force, the means fot larger explor-
ation being wanting. It has Dever, from the
surface down to its lowest workings, about 40
yards, failed to pay expenses, occasionally giv-
ing deposits of very rich native silver. Sel-
dom, indeed, might a claim be found in any
mining region which offers finer facilities for
exploration by means of a tunnel than this one.
Such a one, started at a point on the south side
of the hill, would cut, insufficient depth, all
the piincipal veins in about 100 yards length,
and move than likely soon open up a new bo-
nanza. Right in front of the Carmen, a few
hundred yards distant, crops out and mounts
on another hill, an immense vein of quartz,
called El Promontorio, from 6 to 9 yards wide,
which it is said may be traced for mauy miles,
and shows traces of silver, gold and copper,
yet has never been opened sufficiently to prove
its value, and is still without an owner. The
mill pertaining to this Carmen mine, called
Charcas, and provided with American machin-
ery, lies about one hour's ride to the eaBt of it
on the Tenorivah river. Leaving this mine
and passing further westward, a deep ravine
known as La Corcovada, we come to a moun-
tain system which, cutting through the former
one in a southwest direction, offers many strik-
ing peculiarities in its geological features, dif-
fering considerably from those which accom-
pany the lodes already spoken of. Its princi-
pal class of rock is granite, with occasional
ing to follow it up viy deeper than four to six
vards anywhere. Similarly to this worked
at a later day Don Benino Diaz, who took
from a small shaft of five yards about $4,000,
a part of it in massive, sonorous silver.
Finally, about a year ago, the claim got into
the hands of foreign gentlemen, partly ' re-
siding in San Francisco, Cal., who determined
to open it in a regular way, and are at present
engaged in doing so, with very flattering pros-
pects of being well compensated for their en-
terpri°e, although the depth of the works pass
us yet in no place 30 feet.
Included in the same claim, about 400 yards
to the northeast, on another spur of the same
bill] inns
La Ascension
Vein, in a southeast to northwest direelion,
and somewhat parallel to the former, only
opened so far by a shaft of about 11 yards, and
a short gallery driven on a thread, 28 yards be-
low. The prospects are similar to those in the
Socorro; in both mines the workings must
first, reach a greater depth before more con-
stant stretches of ore than those met with near
the smfice, may reasonably be expected.
Some seven yards south of the above shaft a
very wide lode, never touched yet, crosses the
Ascension from east to west, and between this
and the Sooorro various others crop out, like-
wise a number of threads, Bomeof which carry
native silver (white and black) even on their
6urf-ice, and having, where picked at, given de-
posits of very solid metal. The expectation of
a bonanza, or larger deposits, when they do
strike the main vein in greater de;>th, seems
therefore well justified.
The mineral country on this hill loo'.s every-
where splendid; and more so si ill on the yet
unexplored western portion of it, where all
these lodes cross over to and others besides
aoound. The Socorro claim may therefore be
looked upon as one of the most promising
ones, if the granite formation should prove to
favor the carrying of the native silver in equal
rate with the diorite, in which they have here-
tofore been exclusively worked.
Besides these Mines
Already mentioned, there are yet, as I said be-
fore, a large number of such which hardly de-
serve that name, being rather mere hole3 and
pickings on lodes; yet there can be no doubt
that many of them would prove remunerative,
if some capital should be spent upon Ihem in
a judicious way. Even if held at present by
individual-;, the most of this latter class could
be acquired for a trifle.
Leaving now this native silver region, we
find to the east of the town of MoreloB, in a
different geological formation, belonging under
the Bame jurisdiction, in more or less distance
from the center, a very large number of lodes,
whose ores consist in argentiferous lead, fahl
and copper ores, whose ley runs sometimes
very high indeed.
Some of them, as for instance the mines of
Zapote, were worked ove"r a century ago,
us the remains of large reduction works show,
yet'all knowledge of them has been lost. The
same may be said of the old, abandoned mines
of Loreto, to the north of Morelos, where the
gambuzinos have extracted ores from som« pil-
lars and the rubbish piles that gave $70 per
ton. Very ancient mines we find to the west
of Los Tajos, which have left very remarkable
traces (even large cakes of very rich silver bul-
lion in some of the tumbled-down furnaces)
the mine of El Rosario, whrse ore gives from
$300 to $400 per ton, and to the southward the
mines of La Higuera, with very rich fahl and
copper ores.
In fact, wherever foot and eye turns to, we
find the mountains full of rich met dlic veins,
yet neither enterprise nor capital to work
them.
most part comparatively narrow and crooked.
The houses, however, bear a more substantial
appearance than those of .Melbourne, being
built of a freestone which abounds in the vi-
cinity, instead of the wood which is to be still
found in the older and poorer buildings of the
lat'er city. 7?mI
The pastoral interest at present predomi-
nates, there being according to the latest sta-
tistics no fewer than 328,014 horses in that col-
ony, besides 2,710,374 cattle, 19,928,590 sheep
and 238,342 pigs, whilst there are only about
300,000 acres under cereal crops, and 155,000
acres under hay, potatoes, vines, etc. This,
in conjunction with the gold, tin, and coal
miniug interests indicates a large amount of
material prosperity for a population of but
1 ttle over half a million.
The most exciting event in this colony since
my last letter has been the downfall of one of
the most popular governments that ever held
office, and the unusual course pursued by the
Governor afterwards— matters which have, I
presume, no interest for your readers except to
know that it has all taken place over the re-
lease of a notorious bushranger named Gard-
iner. The Governor, it appears, pardoned
this murderous cutthroat on his own mere mo-
tion, on condition that he left the colony to
pursue his pleasant avocation elsewhere.
Against this proceeding the neighboring col-
onies, as well as a large section of the people
of New South Wales, raised their voice, but
in vain; and the Governor now haH the chagrin
to find his conduct publicly condemned by the
colonial parliament, aod obliged* to send fortte
mover ot the hostile resolution to form a gov-
ernment.
Since last I wrote, a machine for reaping,
gathering and binding has been patenltd in
Victoria, the moat noticeable feature in which
i9 the automatic binding of the sheaf with
string or cord. One end of the string is sown
to a narrow strip of canvas (which the invent-
or calls a pad), and then strained across the
entrance of a sheaf box. The cut grain is then
forced against the string into the box, and
when full tbe other end of the band is sown to
the pad, which is cut off the end of the canvas
strip and the sheaf is allowed to fall gently on
to the ground. The machine has not yet been
tried in the field, but the inventor, a Mr. Thos.
Harvey, of Preston, expresses himself as being
confident of its success. When it is tried, I
will let you know the result. E. W.
Melbourne, Feb. 8th.
More
Australian Notes.
[From our Australian Correspondent.]
Editobs Peess: — The statistics in my first
letter will have shown yon that in Australasia,
the colony of New South Wales is second in
importance to Victoria only, and the head of
its recent government has frequently declared
his intention of placing it in its original posi-
tion as the principal colony of the group by
wise and judicious legislation, his opinion be-
ing that the protective proclivities of the peo-
ple of Victoria will throw them behiud in the
race. However this may be it is quite c^itain
that there is ample material for the fulfillment
of his inteution. The area of that colony be-
ing nearly four times as great as that of Victo-
ria, and most of it of a valuable character.
Large tracts of it make admirable pasturage.
Equally large tracts are especially suitable for
agricultural purposes, whilst minerals of all
kinds abound from gold to iron, and from splen-
did coal to poor oil shale. Its climate, loo, is
salubrious, especially on the eastern coast, the
delightlul sea breezes from which, come up
every afternoon after the hottest day. On this
eoa-t at he head'of a magnificent harbor is its
capital city, Sydney. Of the city itself I can-
not Bpeak very highly as its btreetB are for the
Montana Mines— Miners Wanted
than Capitalists.
Editobs Press:— The general topic of con-
versation in this stctionisconcentrators, mills,
smelters, and the long expected coming of
those capitalists who are to pay immense sums
of money for locations, and put -up the neces-
sary works for the reduction of the ores in the
big bonanza. I believe our territorial papers,
or at hast the majority of them. Montana con-
tains more wealth than any other Territory or
Stale on the continent, and everything is going
nil tut thip-shape. About all the mines are
showing well, rich ore is plenty und has been,
the different companies all have very able
superintendents, old and experienced miners.
All the woiks lor the reduotion of ores are* a
perff ct success, and nearly all are in the charge
of Judge so-and-so, or Captain somebody, or
Colonel somebody else (and by the way it is
astonishing what a large number of those wor-
thieB emigrated to Montana); but, strange to
say, the bullion product don't tally with the
accounts, and thpse capitalists seem to think
there is a screw loose somewhere.
My opinion is that our papers unintention-
ally do the country great harm by publishing
such glowing accounts. Outside capitalists
would naturally suppose that experienced men,
like those generally mentioned, working rich
ore, would certainly make a better showing
than ha * been made, they therefore conclude
that the lodes are not what they are represent-
ed to be. I think Montana is more in want of
miners lhan anything else.
The nea 6 t a success made by any mill or
smelter as near as I can learn has been by a
little four-stamp mill on tbe Big Prickly Pear.
It started up under new management last spring ;
it was generally expected to do wondtrs. I
went to see the proprietor in regard to the
working of some or , he said that he would not
work aujtbiug but tree milling ore, and tbat
he would work none unless it would .assay $100
per ton, and in fact, he did not with to work
any unless it went $150 per ton. A few bricks
were turned outfiom this establishment during
the sammer, and it was forthwith proclaimed a
grand success. Smelter after smelter has been
built, but shortly closed down for repairs, but
failed to start agaiu, as -the large number of
ruins in the neighlorhood of Jefferson City,
Belville and Clancy Creek attest, and the tad
f i nre of tie big Helena smelter.
When our people come to the conclusion to
do more work, and talk less, things will change
lor the better (I don't mean a drive at every-
body for there are exceptions^, something will
be developed worth the attention of capitalises,
for I have good faith in the value of the mines.
Now, unquestionably, if one concentrator is
put up that will concentrate, others will follow,
and a new era will be enBtalled, for from as re-
liable information as can be gained and perso-
nal knowledge there is a large number of lodes
that show quite large quantities of low grade
ore near the surface. The work that has been
done.can only be classed as surface work.
Seabbow.
Unionvillp, Montana, Feb. 19lh, 1875.
March 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
195
iCIENTIFIC
j^ROCRESS.
What are Bacteria?
the grrat question of the origin of life seems
I to dt-pend on the Atswer to the above question.
Four answers, says the Scientific. ■Inwrk-an.hii're
been Riven to this question: Ehrenberg's,
I that they are sniuml organisms of the lowest
I grade having an individuality of their own;
Hallier's, that tbey are of tbe nature of apores,
I produced from and destined to develop into
I some of the simpler microscopic funpi; Cuhn's,
I that tbey represent the free.swiming Btttge in
I the existence kf certain algio; Basiisn's, tbut
I tbey are the first snd most common develop-
I Boental phase of newly evolved living matter,
I capable, eicher singly or in combination, of de-
I Teloping into many different kinds of living
1 things
Ebrenberg's view is qnite obsolete. They
I are not animals, nor are all agreed that they
I are vegetibles. For these and other doubtful
org tnisms of the lowost rank, Haeckel ki-Jpm-
I posed a new kingdom — the protista, inlsrme-
di itei between and connecting the animal and
I vegetable kingdoms, and from the mollification
1 of which both auimals and plums have been
I derived. Barring tbe last clause, the proposi-
I tion bids fair to be generally adopted, as it re-
I lates to a sort of no-man's land — a group of
organisms iu which animal and vegetable
charac eriitica are so united that thev cannot be
classed with either animals or vegetables.
All that is positively known of the origin of
these organisms is that they speedily make
I their appearance in all infusions of organic sub-
I stances exposed to light and air, and under
other conditions not so clearly understood.
I The smallest— usually globular — specks, rang-
ing between a one-hundrrd-thoueandth and a
I oue twenty-thousandth of an inch in diameter,
j have been variously denominated monads, mi-
I orozymea, and plastide particles. According
to Bastian, who adopts the last name, tbey are
merely temporary and initial forms of many or-
ganizations which may afterward present dis-
I tinct characteristics of their own; though some
I of them, through default of necessary condi-
tions, may never actually develope into
higher modes of b^ing. From those which do
I continue their development, he holds, bacteria
I and other forms, which others have thought
speoific, are produced by a direct process of
I growth and development. In size and charac-
j ter, thess bacteria and otbera differ aocording
to the decree of putrescibility of the solution
I in which they appear, the amonnt of heat to
I which it has been exposed and other modifying
i conditions. From this point of view a rigid
I specific classification is uncalled for aud im-
I possible.
j According to Hallier's view the smallest liv-
ing specks of living matter- he calls them mi-
crococci — are minute particles of plasma or
j naked matter, produced by the repeated sub
j division of the nucl-i of fungus spores, or by
I the breaking up of the protoplasmic contents
I of tbe larger reproductive cells of certain
fungi. When introduced into a fluid capable
lof uudergoing alcoholio fermentation, these
I micrococci, be Bays, develop into cryptoeocci,
{bodies resembling ordinary yeast cells; in an
[acid fluid, or one which becomes acid through
I fermentation, the micrococci assume the elon-
I gated forms commonly called baoteria, but
Iwhich he calls anthrococci. The first and the
I last named multiply by fission, while the cryp-
jtococci increase by a process of budding. By
an elongated growth the anthrococci are de-
isoribed as developing into distinct fungi of the
joidium type.
I Thus, determined by the nature of the fluid
I in which they grow, micrococci are Baid to de-
I velope either at once into torulce cells, from
'which a perfect fungus may result, or intooac-
I (eria, which develop into segmented filaments,
and then into distinct fungi of a different type.
! The various fungi so developed are supposed
iby Hallier to be capable of reproducing micro-
looooi, as already described, and so completing
the cirole of life; an hypothesis which seems to
I have no other foundation than a desire to es-
cape the necessity of admitting the origin of
micrococci de novo.
These minute organisms are thought by
many to be the cause of those contagions d s-
jeaBeB which are "endemic," or peculiar to peo-
| pies or locations. Whether they are really re-
sponsible for the various maladies attributed
to them is a question which involves too many
considerations to be discussed in this connec-
tion.
j SnUHUB AS A FlEE EXTINGUISHES. — M. Tel-
lier suggests the use of sulphur as a means of
extinguishing fire on board thip. The material
when burning in tbe air, as is well known,
generates sulphurous acid, in which flame is
not sustained. M. Tellier proposes to cover
wicks with the sulphur, and to let them down
into the burning portion of the vessel through
holes in the decks. Sixty-six pounds of sul-
phur ignited will- entirely absorb the oxygen in
3,360 oubic feet of air; but as only half the
oxygen need be removed in order to render the
atmosphere unfit to support the combustion,
thirty-three pounds are sufficient for the
volume mentioned.
Nature is the only workman to whom n
material is worthless, the only chemist in
whose laboratory there are no waste products,
and the only artist whose compositions -are in-
finitely varied, and whose fertility of invention
is inexhaustible.
Tnu Wisdom of the Egyptians — Philolo-
gists, astronomers, ohemists, painters, archi-
tects, and physicians mnBt return to Egypt to
learn the origin of writing— a knowledge of the
calender and the solar motion— of the art of
cutting granite with a copper chisel, and of
giving elasticity to a c ppor sword— of making
glass of the variegated hues of the rainbow— of
moving single blocks of polished sienite 900
tons in weight, for any distance by land or
water- of building arches round and pointed,
with masonic precision unsurpassed at the
present day, and antecedent by two thousand
years to the Closes JIagnn of Rome— of sculp-
turing a Dorio column one thousand years be-
fore the Dorians are known in htBtory— of
fresco painting in imperishable colors— and of
praotical knowledge in masonry. And it is no
less clear that every craftsman can behold on
Egyptian monuments the progress of his art
four tbonsand years ago, whether it be a wheel-
wright building bis chariot, a shoemaker draw-
his mine, a leather-cutter using that s-lfsame
form of knife which is considered the bi st form
now, or a weaver throwing the same hand
shuttle.
A New Re-Action of Essence of Mint
Dr. Boucher has observed that when essence
of mint is added to tweuty limes its weight of
acetic acid, and the two agitated, a blue colora-
tion gradually increasing in intensity begins to
develop in about half an hour. Ah the color
deepens, a very marked dichroism is noticed,
the liquid appearing pure blue by transmitted
light, and a beautiful cinnabar red color by re-
flected light. This appearance is oomp irable
to that of alcoholic solutions of certain aniline
oompounds.
Tbe coloration thus produced is not perma-
nent. Under the influenoe of light it changes
first to green, afterwards to yollow. The addi-
tion of water is followed by th« separation of a
very pale blue acetic liquid. On filtering, part
of the blue coloring matter remains on the
paper; this speedily changes to red, and is
finally decolorized by the air. Caustic potash
causes instant deoolorization.
The essence of mint employed was that usu-
ally met with in commerce. Dr. Roncher has
examined other essenceB of known and diverse
origin with a view to ascertain if they reacted
in the same manner a»d to the same degree.
He found that pure menthol dissolved in actio
acid without production of color. Essence of
tnrpentine, camphor and e<senoe of citron do
not give rise to this appearance. — Chemist and
Druggist.
Oxygen in Hydeogen. — Hydrogen gas,
whether prepared by electrolysis, or by the de-
composition of water with the aid of zinc and
sulphuric acid, contains an appreciable amount
of oxygen. In fact, it would appear that it is
almost impossible to free it entirely from this
admixture, such is the eagerness with which
hydrogen seizes upon oxygen, whether atmos-
pheric or contained in solution in water. No
definite compound is formed, but simply a me-
chanical mixture, in which the p-opeities of
both constituents remain unmasked. Professor
Grove first noticed this peculiar property of
hydrogen while experimenting on the contrac-
tion sustained by different gases after ignition
and subsequent cooling. He found that the
contraction, in the .case of hydrogen, some-
times amounted to one-tenth of the orignal vol-
ume. He found, on examination, that this was
due to the oxygen held in suspension by the
hydrogen, and which the latter obtained by
passing through water.
New Micboscopic Telescope. — Mr. C. B.
Boyle recently exhibited before the photo-
graphic section of the American Institute, in
this city, a new optical instrument, which he
called tile microscopic telescope. It consisted
of two parallel telescopes, about three feet in
length and two inches in aperture, connected
with binges and separated to the distance of the
eyes by an adjusting screw. In order to pro-
duce the effect of the microscope, he places
before the object glass prismatic lenses of about
three feet focus, so that when these lenses are
in position, an object three feet in front of the
object glass will be seen with both eyes dis-
tinctly, and magnified according to the power
of the eye piece.
An Experiment with Silvfb. — Bottger offers
the following experiment to show the formation
of- binoxide of silver and metallic silver by
electrolysis. A concentrated solution of ni-
trate of silver is put in a wide glass cylinder,
and two platinum wires, forming the poles of a
galvanic battery, are placed in the solution in
a vertical position, about three inches apart.
Beneath the anode is placed a small watch-
glass, and the current, from two Bunsen cells
started. In a few minutes brilliant needles of
binoxide of silver appear on the anode, and be-
coming too heavy to remain unsupported, fall
on the watch-glass beneath. On the cathode
an equivalent quantity of pure metallic silver
collects in snow-white dendritic ramifications.
ECHANICAL ^ROGRESS
Cloud Observations. — Tbe Sigoal Service
observer, on the summit of Pike's Peak reports
tbat the local storms there experienced origin-
ated over the parks to the westward on hot
afternoons. On one occasion he waB favored
with an excellent view of tbe exterior structure
of tbe clouds of a tornado, when he observed
that while the oloud-bearing currents of air
float toward the center they had a decided
downward movement, but that masses of
smoke- like vapor rapidly ascended through the
interior funnel.
Aluminum— Its Use and Preparation.
It is now about seventeen years since Deville
first produced aluminam on a commercial scale;
out tbtu far the cost and not the lack of desir-
able qualities seems to have prevented it from
obtaining any very extensive application to
useful purposes. The cost of its preparation,
however, has been gradually reduced, until
there is now a reasonable expectation that it
will soon be placed at so moderate a price as
to greatly increase tbe demand for it.
It Possesses Many Advantages
Over brass, silvor, nickel arid steel, and com-
bines all their qualities without their objec-
tionable weight, and a simple statement of its
various recommendations to instrument maker*
will be all tbat is needed to make it known as
theoretically tbe molal for tbe purpose.
lis lustre is bluish white.
It is non-maanetic and therefore will not de-
flect a needle by its presence.
It can Vie electro-deposited.
It neither rusts nor tarnishes so r^ndily as
brass, unless when in very tbm sheets.
It is not acted upon by the air or water at
common temperatures, damp air slowly tarnish-
ing it. When intensely heated in a current of
air it Buffers only slight oxidation, heated to
redness in an atmosphere of steam it Blowly
oxidizes.
It is readily acted upon by hydrochloric acid
which evolves hydrogen and forms chloride of
aluminum. Sulphuric and nitrio aoids do not
affect it at common temperatures, but when
boiled in the latter oxidizes as long as heat is
maintained. Boiling in acetic acid does not
affect it. Concentrated alkaline solutions
slowly oxidize it and hydrogen is librated.
It is not affected by sulphur or sulphuretted
hydrogen, or by solution of the alkaline sul-
phides.
The alloys with other metals are too brittle
to be made use of for the purpose of this
article.
Atomic weight 27.5; specific gravity 2. 67 when
rolled, when cast, 2.56.
It is more malleable than tin, platinum, lead,
zinc or iron, being next to copper, and less
mailable than gold or silver.
Next to copper it is more ductile than zinc,
tin and lead, and less ductile than gold, silver,
iron and platinum. Its fusibility is at a point
little less than that of silver.
It can be worked into any shape, aud there
are no deleterious effects arrising from working
in it, or using it whan manufactured into ves-
sels for cooking purposes.
We are conversant with facts of poisoning by
cooking vessels made of copper, by glazings
containing lead, and (he formation of verdigris
on spoons of alloyed silver; but if people were
only determined to produce these utensils from
aluminum, all danger from poisoning would be
removed, and we would have vessels, the ap-
pearance and durability of which would leave
scarcely anything to desire. They would be
more convenient to handle than our light crock-
ery ware, for they can be made as light, and,
what is important, cannot be broken.
Splendid pitchers, plates, lamps, goblets, etc.,
might be manufactured from deadened and
embossed aluminum; and the lightness of
spoons of this metal would make them more
convenient than those of silver now in use. In
this case it is not the price, but only prejudice,
whiob presents itself as a drawback, for the
price is only half of that of good silver; besides,
tbe difference in the specific weight of both
metals aud the consequent cheapness in the
use of aluminum are so great that, for the value
of one silver spoon, at least seven equally large
aluminum spoons might be bought.
True, aluminum is neither a rare nor a noble
metal, but it possesses, nevertheless, advanta-
ges over alloyed silver which gives it a much
finer ^appearance; it does not get black, nor
does it form verdigris, and what it lacks in
brilliancy and appearance is well compensated
for in its agreeable lightness. But, unfortu-
nately, it has been found impossible to plate
aluminum, either by the electro-galvanic or the
foil method.
It is largely manufactured in England and
France, there being a largo factory at New-
castle. New methods are being discovered for
obtaining it from kaolin or clay, inexpensively,
and considering that it combines the ductility
and malleability of copper, with vastly more
than the strength of steel (it is placed by s< me
as thirteen times stronger) with the ljg'itne^s
of chalk, it certainly should take' the place of
metals less adapted to purposes where strength,
lightness and bulk are desiderata, as is indis-
putably the case in the manufacture of fine
instruments for engineering field use, where
weight is an objection and increased size within
certain limits desirable.
The ordinary transit, weighing eleven pounds,
may be made of aluminum to weigh three
pounds without decreasing its size or increas-
ing its cost, or the arcs may be made five times
as large under the same weight.
The latest new phase in its manufacture is
that emplojel by Gerneei, of London, who
prepares this metal by placing a mixture of
100 parts of alumina, obtained in the usual
way from kaolin, etc., with 40 parts of char-
coal, heated to redness, in retorts at a dark
red heat, and leading chlorine into them from
an iron gasometer lined with lead, and closed
with gas tar covered with hydrochloric acid.
The volatilized chloride of aluminum formed is
condensed in vessels of sheet iron, glazed in-
ternally, and is decomposed by an electrical
current produced by a magneto-electric ma-
chine. The librated chloride is returned t»
the gasometer.
The present cost of nluminnm is a little less
than one-half that of silver.
To Form Perfect Squares.
Squures oan be tested with the dividers by
drawing two circles, one within the other, from
tbe same center, of 16 and 12 inches diameter
respectively; theu sot the dividers to 10 inches,
insert one point in any part of the outer circle,
and mark the point oxactly where a circle
(drawn with the dividers in this position)
would intersect the iuner circle; now draw a
straight line through tbe center of tbe circles
and through the paint marked in the inner
circlo; and through the outer one, auother line
starting from the point where the dividers were
inserted in the outer circle through tbe oeutet
of the circles, until tbe outer circle is reached.
If this is done exactly, the points where those
lines intersect the outer circle will form the
corners of a perfect square whose side is
11..J137 inches. If the square is correct, it
Will fit the square thus formed and a'so tho
lines in the center, which divide (he cirole into
four equal parts, and the angles must be 90 de-
grees. This is based on the rule for finding
the hypothenuse of a right anpled triangle,
thus 6 squaie=36 and 8 square=64, sum 100,
the square root of which is 10. This is some-
times called the 6, 8 and 10 rule for squaring
buildings.— j?x.
Ieon and its TJsss in Building.— The use of
iron sb a building material has, of relate years,
increased so rapidly, especially in works of
magnitude and importance, in consequence of
the many facilities and plans by which it can
be manufactured ioto almost any required form,
aud tbe almost unlimited strength it possesses
if wisely treated and properly applied. Yet,
cot withstanding the enormous amount of iron
construction that architects see constantly em-
ployed in all directions by engineers, it would
appear that very few of them deem it worth
while to learn much about its capabilities, use-
fulness and qualities as a building material.
Architects occasionally use iron in columns aud
girders, but they make but little effort to extend
its use so that it might take the place of such
material as have been used from time immemo-
rial, and with which they are better acquainted,
such as bii:k, song or wood. Whenever any
very large' building is erected, tbe whole oredit
of the design and execution i* cairied off by an
engineer, although perhaps an architect may
be called in to assist in the decorative features.
This state of things will continue so long as
architects are contented to take all their knowl-
edge of iron construction atsecond hand from the
engineers. It U, however, a nia'ter of serious
c tnsideration whether the architectural pro-
fession should be sa'isfied by simply endeavor-
ing to imi'ftte the styles and modes of building
employed in former ages, rather than attempt
to keep up with the rapid advance of the pres-
ent age, and meet its requirements by adopting
the use of a material of wuioh our ancestors
had but very limited knowledge. — Ex.
Distribution of Steam . — M. A. Van Woeyen
berch has invented a new arrangement for pre
venting the dangerous irregularities which oo-
cur in steam cyilinders; he adopts two or more
escapes and sets of slides, placed on different
sid'-s of the cylinder, and so arranged that they
are all connected with the extremity of the cyl-
inder by the same passage. He admits the
steam and governs its introduction directly by
the regulator according to the work to be done.
With this object the arbor of the levers which
command tbe valve slides forms pirt of a slid-
ing sector which is furnished with clickwork,
rendering it at any determined m ment inde-
pendent of the slid'-s aud transmission rods.
When this occurs, the ateamway, which was
open, clones instantaneously, and, the inlet be-
ing suppressed, the steam acts by expansion in
the cylinder until the piston has reached the
end of its stroke. The discharge port then
opens and the steam passes into another cyl n-
der, into the condeusor, or into the air, accord-
ing to the eimumfetanees of the case. — London
Engineering Times.
Condensation in Steam Cylindebs. — By the
use of lead facings to piston* and cylinder lids,
a consid rable economy in the use of steam m*y
be effected. An i^oo (id and piston will, other
things being equal, condense more than thres
times as much hteamas a lead faced pi-tm and
lid. The thickness of metal heat d and cooled
at each stroke is not considerable, and not far
into the metal a zone of constant temperature,
lower than that of steam, will be found. The
distance from the zone to the insi le of the cyl-
inder will depend upon the conducting power
of the metal, and will be about 9 for lead to 12
for iron. It may be shown that, in any case,
the thickness of lead facing may be kept
within very moderate limits. Other materials
may be used for the same purpose, as for in-
stance, tin, the specific heat of which is 0.562,
its specific weight being le-s than that of iron.
Its conducting power, however, is in excess of
that of iron, being as 15 to 12.— Engineer.
A Salt Lake mechanic is perfecting a fast
printing machine, which he claims will surpass
in Bp eed any press yet invented, and work a
revolution in the printing business,
196
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
(JMarch 27, 1875
Industrial Items.
About two years ago a steamer was con-
structed at Stockton for Russian merchants do-
ing business at Nicolaefski, who desired her for
use on the Amoor river. The steamer gave
such satisfaction that orders for two more
steamers of the stern wheel style were. received
by her builders. The new steamers have been
built in sections for convenience in transporta-
tion. Each is 135 feet long, 70 feet beam and
5 feet depth of hold.
Maeble from the Tuolumne quarries is at-
tracting considerable attention. A Stockton
paper mentions having seen four large slabs at
the depot there a few days since, which weighed
about ten tons, en route to San Francisco. The
quality of the 'marble seemed as pure white as
the Venetian, with a small speck or flake of
black throughout.
A correspondent of the Tulare Times advo-
cates the building of a canal for irrigation and
transportation on the west side of the San
Joaqain river, and furthermore that it should
be done at the expense of and owned and con-
trolled by the State, or if that is not feasible
then incorporate a company and seek State or
National aid.
Ship building on the Pacific Coast promises
to take a new impetus from the recent action
of the Board of Underwriters, wh,o propose* to
rate vessels built of Puget Sound 'fir, under cer-
tain specifications, as A. 1. The specifications
in detail are being prepared, and will be made
public in a few days.
Of the exports from San Diego during the
past year we note, from the report of the PreJ
sident of Chamber of Commerce, the following:
wool, 1,000,000 lbs., honey, 400,000 lbs., wheat
(raised), 200,000 lbs., of which latter product
the first cargo was recently shipped direct to
Europe.
Two French gentlemen, of San Francisco,
have been examining a large tract of land above
the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers,
with a view of settling a French colony thtreon.
They expect 1QU families po arrive soon and
make a commencement.
Fotjb coal banks are in operation near Em-
pire City. Each mine employs about 75 men-
Fifty tons are daily taken out of each mine.
The coal is extensive and of good quality; moat
of it: is shipped to San Francisco.
The two foundries and two planing mills in
Santa Cruz arebasy turning out machinery and
doing work for the two railroads now being
constructed into town.
The Lake port .Bee says: "Such is the in-
crease of our incoming population that it is
utterly out, of the question to find a dwelling to
rent.*'
The Stockton Independent urges the erection
of suitable buildings for storing, and the estab-
lishment of a wool-grading institution in that
city.
They are at work upon a number of thresh-
ing machine engines at tbe Vail ejo foundry.
Mb. Dalton, of Pacbeco, intends moving his
foundry to Oakland.
Three good sized sailing vessels will be built
at Coo.n Buy this season.
A grist mill is being erected at Westminster,
Los Angeles county.
A new saw mill has been started in Tehachepi.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY..
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. P. Journals.!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Location. No. Amt. Levied. Deling' nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business.
4
Company.
j Last Week.
TutJBSDAT,rM"ABCH 18.
-1 M MINING 'SESSION.
lea-AiDhV' /.....*.;... kg,
IDS Best & Belcher. rA5J&{
181) Belcher Mw
)17'„
_ ultimo re
270 bu lion 35@3li
1270 California.. 53*£@V>
5ft Caledonia 17
251) Ctiollar Sl@S6
3(55 Crown Point W3£@29
186 Confidence 1- ;ai 6
170 Con Virginia WftajJIO
125 Diney VA
7ti5 Dayton 2^@2-^
18i> Empire Mill S;-i(api^
10 Escbeqner 2W
200 lilobe '.VA@i%
81) Gould £ Curry .7Jjj
25. Hale it Norcross. "
1340 Imperial
170 <lu9tice
240 Julia
15U Keniuck
12ll Knickerbocker
530 Lady Bryan...
2215 Mexican
915 Upbir ,_,..,
200 Overman
150 Rouklslind ..
515 Silver Hill , 6@6?i
185 Sierra Nevada. llMffflU-1*
20iSavage U;
85i Union Con
50D Ut-.h....
425 Yellow Jacket....
..->>i7-H
..6SW170
..iV(Mi',
.. yi@ya
..45@47
AFIEHNOON SESSION.
225 American Flag. .3^(5)2^
400 Andes 6!i@K$j
270 Belmont &S5%
550 Cosmopolitan 45@5ti
51) 'Dardanelles
390 Eureka Con. .:..... 1"
fib Eureka li V
100 Gol.ten Chariot 4>&
370 Independent.. 2
1011 Indus..* 3S
iHI Kossuth.. 1 2%
1280 Meadow Valley.. ..838^
130 Mahogany I
it00 Mansheia ; 1;
200 Niagara , 75.
855" New York 2M(g)2,1-
250 Original Gold Hill... l}l
- This Week.
Thobsday, Maboh 25. ■
morning bkbsion.
230 Alpna 19
i240 BestABelcber 51@52
195 Helcher...: „34
H70 Bullion 38® <9
135 Confidence 2Q@2UJ£
55 Caledonia 16'4@lfi»|
70 Crown Point... 30!4,q<30V
2:0 Chollar M)@62
.780 California filW'SK...'^
126 Con Virginia. ..440(a>442C
310Enpire Mill *.l£&6k
15 Exchequer 2ln
195 i-ould ACurry.lSMfaHSW'
170 Globe 87J£c@l
70 Hale & Norcross...4o@17
■™ Imperial 8J6p!4
LSI Justice j.75a8o
m Julia GH1MK
38&Kentuok I$|%>l7i
I Oil Knickerbocker 7iik
PTOlji.ty Bryan 6Jrf@&8
1320 Mexican 29>4@3<l
1815 tiptair., 105^al08
2 10 Overmnn 53@53,'^
160 Succur li|
55 Savage i3iM
410 Sierra Nevada... 12^13
1880 Union Con Rqgg
(|25 Yellow jacket 32ia96
J0() Pidchu W...
100 Prussian.!.......
200 Poorman.. :.....
.100 8 K Island tt
330 South Chariotr.... 1
50 Ri-e Patch ,.,,.
46J WarEa»lo 4/41
3M!S(3Ji:
-JA,
. JWuodviin;...';;;;.'..^^^
2100 tt.ash A Creole 25c
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1050 Andes. .i..VA@~iH
150 American PUt..7^@75j
115 Belmont ,5'S-VA
260 Baltimore r?7KJ
100 Cosmopolitan 25o
60 Challenge , 6
200 Dayton 3@3J/.
190 Eureka Con.. ..:.i8Mffi)ltt
30 Eclipse 6}$
330 Golden Chariot 5@5i4
170 Kossuth. 2Ji
30 Lady Wellington \%
580 Meadow Valley 7>@8
900 Mansfield .....C.i.T
105 MahoKany k jfl
U0 New York 3J^
120 Newark 1
fi'tO Original Flowery 3S
210 Original Gold Hill. 2@2'^.
100 Occidental iT.4M
10UO Prospeot . A
185 Raymond A Ely..40fci42>£
90 Rock Island 3,T»a)4
280 Rye Paich ,2Vgi2'«
270 Silver Hill %%©<$&
70 South Chariot {%
5 Utah s
1500 Wood w lie 2^2^
100 Wash <fc Creole... X?Tl'I|
660 Welle Fargo.. . ,25o«30o
Andes S M Co Washoe
Adams Hill Cons M Co Eureka Nev (j
Alps SM Co Ely District 8
American Flat M Co Washoe 5
Atlantic A Pacirtc Cons M Co Cal 10
B .con 11 A- Jl Co Washoe 3
Bell*- vue M Co Oal 11
Buckeye G & S M Co Washoe 13
Caledonia S M Co Wa^hne 11
Chariot Mill A;. M Co San Diego Cal 2
Olierrv Creek MAM Co Nevada 2
Coos Bay oresron Coal Co Orecrnn 1
Crnwn Point R G & S M Co Washoe 2
Daney G £ S M Co Washoe 13
Dardanelles M Qo Washoe 2
Davton G A S M Co Washoe 2
El Dorado Water AD GM Co Cal S
Globe Cons M Co Washoe 5
Gold Run M Co Cal 10
Golden Chariot M Co Idaho 13
TdaEllmoreMCo Idaho IB
Imperial SM Co Washoe 21
Independent GM Co Cal 8
Julia G & S M Co Washoe 21
Justice M Co Washoe 14
Kossuth M Co Washoe 3
Lady Bryan M Co Washoe fi
Mammoth Silver M Co Nevada 18
Meadow Valley M Co Ely District 8
Mexican G&SM Co Washoe 1
Monitor Belmont M Co Nevada
Newark SM Co Ely District 18
New York M Co Washoe 3
North Bloomfield G M Co Oal 36
0\ erraan S M Co Washoe 31
PhilSheridaD GASMOo Washoe 2
Pictou M Co Washoe 7
Pmche West Extension M Oo Washoe 7
Red Jacket M Co . Id;iho 6
Rock Island G A S M Co Washoe 7
Savage M Co Washoe 17
Senator Silver M Co Washoe II
Silver Cord M Co I taho 8
Silver Hill M Co Washoe 5
St Patrick G M Co Cal 10
Starr King M Co Washoe 10
SutroMCo Washoe
Victoria A Imperial T A M Co Utah 4
Ward Beecher Cons M A M Co Nevada 4
Ward Ellis S M Co Robinson District 3
Wahincton A Creole M Co Ely District 14
Wells Fargo M Co . Wasaoe 1
Alhambra (jMCo Cal 1
Alpine G M A M Co Cal 8
Arizona & Utah M Co Washoe 12
Cascade Blue Gravel M Co Cal 2
Cederberg G M Co 3
Cieneca P M Oo Mexico 2
Cincinnati G A S M Co Cal 4
Edith Q M Oo Oal 3
El Doaado State Oo Cal 1
Electric M Co Oal
Emma Hill Cons M Co Utah 2
Enterprise Cons M Co Cal
Excelsior Q M Co Cal 1
Fresno Q S M Co Cal I
Geneva Tons S M Co Nevada
Geyser Q S M Oo Cal I
Gold Mountain GM Co Bear valley Oal 4
Golden Crown M Co Oal 1
Home G M Co Nevada Co Oal
1 00
Imperial S M Co
Independence Cons M Co
Internutional Gold M Co
Kentucky G A S M Oo
Kincaid Flat M Co
Lake Coontv Q S M Co
Los Prietos M Co
Mariposa L A M Co
North Fork M Co
Now York Cons M Co
Occidental M Co
Orleans M Co
Pauper M Oo
Phoenix Tunnel A M Co
Rocky Bar M Co
Sun Jose M Co
Silver Cloud G A S M Co
Silver Sprout M Co
Table Mt Alpha M Oo
Theresa M A M Co
Tmilumne Hydraulic M Co
Utah S M Co
Weave rville D A H M Co
Webfoot M Co
Washoe 21
Cal
Cal 1
Washoe 8
Cal
Cal 5
Oal 2
Cal 1
Oal 8
Washoe 12
Nev 3
Cal 3
Idaho 4
Utah 7
Egan Canon
Cal
Oal
Oal
Cal
Oal
Washoe
Oal
Elko Co Nev
1 50 Feb 25
15 Feb 16
?5 Feb 10
2 00 Feb 8
5 Mar 9
50 Mar 9
50 Feb 17
50 Mar 4
3 00 Mar 9
50 Peb 17
35 Feb 17
1 00 Feb 5
50 Mar 12
50 Mar 22
1 00 Feb 5
100 Feb 16
10 00 Feb 16
75 Mar 18
15 Feb 9
2 00 Mar 8
1 00 FeD 1
1 00 'Feb 10
50 MarlS
2 00 Feb 12
3 00 Mar 18
50 Feb 25
50 Mar 18
10 Feb 25
1 00 Feb 11
50 Mar 22
Mar 16
Feb 2
Feb 16
1 00 Feb 3
3 00 Mar 16
75 Jin 21
25 Mar 2
1 00 Mar 10
50 Febl
1 01) Mar 11
5 00 Feb 19
.50 Feb 25
1 00 Mar 27
2 00 Feb 16
60 Feb 2
25 Feb 25
50 Feb 17
15 Feb 26
30 Feb 27
5 Feb 10
1 00 Feb 18
10 Mar 17
5 Mar2t
1 25 Feb II
75 MarlS
10 Mar 8
50 Mar 8
50 Mar'S
10 Mar 17
30 Mar 10
15 M.ir4
5 Feb 16
40 Jan 29
25 Mar 15
25 Mar 20
25 Mar 2
20 Jan 2
50 Mir 15
1 00 Jan 25
10 Feb 25
50 Feb 13
1 00 Feb 10
2 50 Feb 4
15 Mar 2
29 Mar 18
60 Feb 4
10 Mar 10
50 Mar 6
1 00 Mar 10
25 Jan 28
50 Feb 16
50 Feb 2
1 00 Mar 16
75 Mar 4
25 Feb 15
10 Mar 3
5 00 Jan 27
25 Feb 8
5 Feb 17
1 10 Feb 5
20 Mar 13
20 Feb 23
2 00 Mar 19
50 Feb 28
25 Jan 23
Mar 29
Mar 21
Mar n
Mar 15
April 14
April 12
Mar 23
April 10
April 13
M«r22
Mar 22
MarlO
April 12
April 28
MarlO
Mar 23
Maris
April 22
Mar 15
April 12
Mar 8
Mar 17
April 19
MarlS
April 20
Mar 13
April 19
April 3
Mar 23
April 26
April 19
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 12
April 20
Mar2
April 3
April 17
Mar 9
April 15
Mar2t
April 3
April 1
Mar 19
Mar 8
Mar 31
Mar 22
April 2
April 8
MarlS
Mar 23
April 21
April 26
Mar 25
April 22
April 13
Aprils
April 5
April 26
April 22
April 5
Mar 22
Mar 8
April 24
April 26
April 10
Mar 8
April 23
Mar 6
April 1
Mar 24
Mar 17
MarlS
April 6
A- Til 28
Mar 9
April 15
April 12
April U
Mar 12
Mar 23
Mar 9
April 21
April 10
Mar 2:1
April 14
Mar 8
Mar 15
April 17
MarlS
April 14
Mt25
April 31
Mar 29
Mar 3
April 14
April 16
April 12
Apr 5
May3
May 1
April 14
April 29
May I
Ap'il 14
April 15
Mar 31
April 29
May 20
Mar 31
April 13
April 3
May 12
Apr 5
Mayl
Mar 29
April 7
May 10
April fi
May 20
April 21
Mav 7
April 28
April 20
Mav 14
May 17
Mar 31
April 12
Mar 30
May 10
Mar 30
April 23
May 7
Mar 30
Mav 7
April 12
April 23
April 22
April 9
Mar 31
April 19
Aprils
April 27
May 6
April 12
April 12
May 10
May 15
Apnl 14
May 12
Mav 3
April 30
April 22
May 17
Mav 14
April 20
April 12
April 5
May 18
May 15
May 3
Mar 31
May 16
Mar 31
Mayl
April 16
Apr 7
April 2
April 26
May 22
Mar29
May 4
May 3
May 3
Mar 30
April 12
Mar 29
May 10
May 3
April 12
MayS
April 13
April 12
June 17
April 5
Mayl
April 17
May 11
April 21
Mar 30
M Landers 507 Montgomery st
W W Traylor 408 California st
O D Squire Cor Caliornia A Mont
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Go.
AndeB SM Co
Baltimore Cons M Co .
Bunker Hill Q M Co
Franklin M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Greene M Co j
Lady Washinglon M Co
MintG AS MCo
Woodside M A M Co
Location. Secretary.
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
WmH Watson
Wa hoe Called by Trustees
Idaho Called by Trustees
Oal WRTownsend
Wasboe H 0 Kibbe
Wa*hoe A H Jennings
Washoe J Glassman
Office in S- F.
507 Montgomery st
330 Montgomery st
19 First st
302 Montgomery st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
Academy Building
419 California st
401 Calif'Toiast
335Mon<gomery st-
C A Sankey
331 Montgomery at
A Noel
419 California st
Edward Mav
419 California si
D F Verdenal
409 California s<
C h* Sankey
331 Monttromeiy st
K Wegener
414 California st
F Swift
419 Culifoi 111:1 si
DF Verdenal
40S California st
T P Beach
424 Mon1g"inery st
Merchants' Ex
J M Boffington
Geo R Spinney
320 California st
W S Duval
402 Montgomery st
W E Dean
419 California st
H Elias
416 Montgomery st
J Maguire
4l9Californlasi
C C Palmer
41 Market sb
L Kaplan
W Willis
WE Dean
419 California si.
Ge'iT Grimes
240 M011 tu ornery st
A Noel
419 Calif .rniast
Merchants' Ex
E F Stern
Frank Swift
D A Jennings
401 Cali'ortuast
J W Colburn
418 California st
419 California st
W *v Hopkins
■HI1-- California st
W Willis
H C Kibbe
419 Cal fomiast
T Derby
320 Onhforniast
W R Townsend
33(1 Pioest
T L, Kimball
409 California st
W Willis
4>9 California Bt
J W Clark
E B Holmes
419 California st
J H Sayre
10 Stevenson's Bidg
Frank Swift
41«) California st
W E Dean
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Louis K-'plun
G W R King
431 California st
Wm H Wat 'on
D A Jennings
401 California st
J M Burlington
Merchants' Ex
F D Cleary
Merchants' Ex
C A Sankey
331 Montgomery st
■ THE BOARDS.
R Von Pfistcr
J FL'ighmer
433 California st
J Maguire
419 California si
J M Burlington
D M Bokee
WRTownsend
Wm Small
Wm Stuart
113Liedesdorffst
HuL'h Elias
416 Montgomery st
T B Wingard
318 California bt
G J Cole
302 Montgomery si
F J Hermann
418 Kearny st
R Vnn Pfister
K. Wegenar
I T Mni i ken
302 Montgomery st
Academy Bidg
Ford H Rovers
JPCvallier
SI 3 California st
Danl Buck
14 Stevenson Bidg
F J Hermann
WE Dean
419 California st
F J Hermann
J M Bufhngton
Merchants' Ex
R Goldsmith
B H Cornell
210Battcrv st
ABaird
31£Oaliforn'ast
S H Smith
Montgomery Av
401 California st
A Martin
520 Washington st
H U Kibbe
419 California st
A K Deubrow
J F Ne smith
3l5Caliiorniast
W F Bryant
402 Montgomery st
C S Healy
J P Oavallier
813 California st
A Carrigan
im Front st
A A Enqnist
71 New Monts'y st
T B Wingard
318 California st
T F Croinso
434 California st
B F H ckson
408 California st
IT Mil liken
302MoniBomery st
W E Dean
F H Rogers
330 Pine st
D A Jennings
401 California st
Meeting. Date.
Special
April 5
Special
April?
Special
April b
Mar 29
Annual
Special
April 8
Special
April 2fl
Annual
April 2
Annual
April 5
Annual
Mur 3|
Annual
Mar 3]
New Incorporations.
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
Location. Secretary.
Name of Co.
Belchor M. Co.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M A M Co
Cons Virginia M Co
Grown Point MCo
Diana M. Oo,
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye fatch M Co |
Washoe. H C. Kibbe,
Cal w L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe Charles H Fish
Washoe C E Elliott
N. tV. Fa*set
Nev WWTraylcr
Nevada D F Verdenal
months)— MINING
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay St.
419 California st
409 California st
INCORPORATIONS.
Amount.
3 00
25
*l
10 00
2 00
1 00
Payable.
.Taii U
M»rl7
Nov 16
Mar 11
Jan 12
Jan . 25
Mining Stocks.
Tbe mining share market, thi& week has been
comparatively bri k, although transactions
seem to be limited. Fluctuations have been
considerable, prices going up for one or two
days and then down for one or two days.
Washoe stocks have of course, been the centre
of attraction, and tbe bonanza minee show
more activity than any others. Several other
candidates for public favor are coming along
shortly, if the immense quantities of machin-
ery being sent to" the Gomstock, is any inciica-
fciju. Quite a number of the mines there have
recently had expensive and hea^y hoist-
ing and pumpiDg works put up, which will
enable them to sink the mine fiom 3,000 to
to 4,000 feet deep. These mines are bring vig-
orously worked and prospected, and in such a
r ch country as the Comstoek, it will be a won-
der if the majority of them do not strike some-
thing.
Some activity is now manifested in the Ely
district and Idaho stocks. The latter particu-
larly have partially recovered the effect of fre-
quent and heavy assessments. We see by our
Idaho exchanges that hopes of dividends this
year are promising, and it the managers do not
tisbcss tbe mines out of sight, as they have al-
most done, they ought to be made to pay. In
Ely district everything depends on develop-
ments in the Raymond & Ely mine. New and
expensive machinery has been put up there,
and the salvation of the camp depends on what
is done in the next few months. The Pioehe
people are sanguine that their distrcit will pan
out again as it has done, and point to the
Comt-tock as an instance of tbe happy resulls
of deep mining. The camp a few years ago
turned out its millions, and it is to be hoped
that it will soon commence doing so again.
A cobbespondent of the Calaveras Chronicle,
writing from Coso District, Inyo county, says
the mines are good, but that it is a hard place
to get along in, and will be until more eupital
i3 invested. Board is $17 a week.
Santa Cruz and . San Lorenzo Quicksilver
Mining Company, located in San Benito and
Merced counties, have bonded tLeir mine to J.
H. Bemell, of San Francisco, for one year, for
the sum of $30,000.
Db. W. D. Smith discovered quicksilver on
the aide of the hill, a short distance back of W.
F. Fisher's residence, Calistoga. This is said
to be very lich, and several- claims have been
located already.
One hundred and sixty-three flasks of quick-
silver were shipped from the California Borax
Company, and seventy flasks from the Great
Western to San Francisco from Calistoga last
The following companies have Med certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk' a Office at San Fran*
ciaco:
Gold Deposit G. & S. M. Co.— March 18. Location,
El Dorado county, Oal. Capital stock, $1,800,000.
Directors, J. HirBhfeld. P. V7. Toll, James L. Bmjih,
Ohas. W. G. O. Buttner and A. M. Hirehfeld.
,p,The Utah Tunnel k Mining Oo.— March 19. The
object is to carry on a general mining busineeB In the
Territory of Utah. Directors, T. R. Jones, J. R.
Walker, C. X. HobbP, W. W. Hall, J. S. Carter, Martin
Corcoran and C. W. Fox. Oapiial stock, $1,100,000, di-
vided in 10,000 shares.
Gbiffith Consolidated mtll & M. Co. — March 22.
Object, to purchase certain quartz mines in El Dorado
county and to erect mills and machinery on tbe same.
Directors, M: G. Griffiths, George M. Oondee, Warren
Bryant, J. G. Vantine k L. H. Foofce. Capital stock,
$3,000,000, in 60,000 shares. I •
Casmalia Land Co.— March 22. Object, to purchase
and improve, let and lease real estate iu the
county of Santa Barbara; to enter into and carry out
contracts for both the purchase and Bale of lands in
said county; to receive and execute deeds of convey-
ance and to execute and receive mortgages; to buy and
Bell lands on credit or otherwise and to execute all
necessary instruments in writing for that purpose; to
lay out and improve roadB and build bridges upon and
adjacent to the lands of the corporation, and to con-
struct works for the conducting of water to be used for
irrigation, town or domestic purposes, or for propel-
ling machinery. Directors, P. H.' Canavan, James
Anderson, H. Rosekrans, D. A. McDonald and E. A.
Hatherton. Capital stock, $1,000,000, iu 10,000 Bharee.
Pacifio Freestone Co.— March 22. Object, quarry-
ing rock and Btone for building and other purposes.
Capital stock, $125,000. Directors, A. Marquard, John
Apel, John J. Cooney, N. Mallingreen and Louis Con-
rad.
NAgleS.M. Co.— March 22. Location, State of Ne-
vada. Directors, E. W. Leonard, H. G. Rollins, E. G.
White, Hill Beachy and JameB Morgan. Capital stock,
$10,000,000, in $100,000 shares.
Bbxlliant M. Co March 23. Location, Gold Hill,
Nev. Capital stock, $10,000,000. Directors, Robert
Sherwood, J. D. Fry, H. C. Kibbe, A. K.P.Harmon and
S. T. Curtis.
South Caltpobnia M. Co.— March 23. Location, Gold
Hill, Nev. Capital stock, $5,000,000. Directors, A. K.
Green' W. B. Boyden, Oustave Sutro, H. G. Kuhl and
Werner Stauf.
Pacific Dispensabx fob Women and Chtldben. —
March 'j3. Object, to provide for women and cnildren
the medioal aid of competent women physicians, and
to assist in educating women for nurses, and in the
practice of medicine and kindred professions. Directors
are Annie S. Taylor, O. A. Sims, Mary Winslow Staples,
Rachel W. Healy, M. B. F. Stone, R. J. Wallace and
Elizabeth W. Phillips. Capital stock, $1,000, divided
into fifty shares of $20 each, with the privilege of in*
creasing the stock to $100,000.
The following companies have filed certificates of In
corporation with the Secretary of State, at Sacramento
Brooks G. k 8. M. Co. — Location, Lynn county, Nev
Capital stock, $10,000,000. Directors, H. H. Blgelow
T. C. Cozhead, Thomas Brooks, L. T. Can- and George
Click.
Stockton Irkioattno Co.— Capital stock, $5,000, in
shares of $5 each. Principal place of business, Pleas,
ant Grove, Tulare county. Directors, Thomas J. Ray,
Wesley Monroe and John Stewart.
A eich placer mine has recently been discov-
ered within a mile or two of Auburn. The
ground has never been worked, and is supposed
to be quite extensive.
Quicksilveb is selling in London at £21 per
^
ining Summary.
The following is mostly condensed from Journals pub-
lished in t.he iut.enor.in proximity to the mines mentioned
California-
AMADOR
Gypsom Mink. — Amador Dispatch, March,
20: "We have in our office a very good looking
specimen of gypsum (orwhat is supposed to be
gypsum) which was found a few days ago
about 25 feet below the surface by a gentleman
(whose name has slipped our memory) while
uinking a well on his place, a short distance
this side of lone city in this county. Of course
but little is known as to the extent of the de-
posit, and there are but few who pretend to be
posted as to its value when taken out. We are
informed, however, that it has been tested by
several parties, and that, when properly cal-
cined, it produces an excellent quality of plas-
ter of Paris. We learn that steps will betaken
to ascertain the extent of the deposit and its
market price, with a view of working it if
found practicable.
CALAVERAS-
"West Point District. — Calaveras Chronicle, I
March 20: Henry & Son stoping ore worth $30
per ton. Mill running Bteadiiy. Good Faith
tunnel driving ahead; prospects nattering.
Champion, ore still rich. Necessary buildings 1
have been erected at the Josephine; an over-
shot wheel, 32 feet in diamt-ter, will drive the
pump and hoisting gear. The Boston shaft is
down nearly 100 feet; theincreastd quantify
of water will prevent sinking deeper by hand.
The ore looks fine. Ben Cotton is taking large
quantities of good ore from his tunnel. Lone f
Star, sinking in tunnel. Zacateio, still alive. I
Very fair ore is being sloped from the east vein ■
of the Ohio Consolidated. Miua Rica, as I
usual. Contractors will begin sinking on the 1
"Cheeno" lead. The Modoc has been shut I
down for the present. Very rich ore has been I
strnck in the former "Bil.y Williams." Bill I
Briggs has made a new and valuable discovery 1
on his mine near the north fork.
COLUSA.
QoicKsiLVER.— Colusa Sun, March 20: Twc
mines in the Sulphur creek vicinity, in ton
county — the Abbott and Buckeye— are btiu£
pretty thoroughly developed. The last rur
made at the Abbott turned out twenty-tw<
f
March 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
197
flasks, and the clean-op of tbia week will give
at leant twenty-five. Ore has been found along
the entire length of theclaim — 3 200 ft— and it
ia aaid by mining experts to be one of the rich-
eat and largest minea in the State. The Buck-
eye ia not taming out a*« mnch ae the Abbott.
but it is ft g<x>d mine. There are other mines
in tbe neighborhood that would have been
worked thin spring, had the price of quicksil-
Ter remained where it was six weeks ago; bnt
the bottom baf seemed to drop out of the mar-
ket, and there will be bat little work done on
new mines.
EL DORADO
Fihb Yield. — Mount/tin Democrat, March
20: Gross has made a run at his quartz mill on
Big Canyon. Itis a five-stamp mill and re-
quires bnt one man to attend. It crushes six
tons per day of twentv-four boars. Their late
ran consisted of twenty-five tons. It yiolded
within a small frac'ion of $2,000. or $80 per
ton. Not bad for a beginning, certainly.
INYO.
Rapid Pbogbess. — Panamint N>ws, March
18: Tbe work on the 8. V. M. & W. Co.'s 20-
atamp mill in progressing very rapidly. Tbe
frame for tbe boiler and engine room, which is
built from the best of sawed timbers hauled
here from Spadra is already erect°d, and car-
penters are n^w putting on the siding. Capt.
Bell has a good force of men at work, and he
thinks in four weeka time be can have all the
buildings completed and a large portion of 1he
machinery in position. He has sent for more
carpenters and millwrights to hurry tbe work
along. Good mechanics can find employment
for some time to come at good wages — $6 a
day. There will not be any demand for men
on the mines until the mill is abont completed.
a=i the company have already a large amount of
ore on their dumps.
NAPA.
Oat Hdll District. — St. Helena Star,
March 18: We hear very favorable accounts
from the mining claims situsted in tbe Oat Hill
mining district, beins a little north of the
Phoenix mine, and judging from the informa-
tion we received are sure that some of them are
certain to become very valuable shortlv. The
Mercurv, owned by Roberta & Co., still keeps
up its reputation as one nf the best cUims in
the district; as an evidence of the richness of
the ore extracted from this mine, we are assured
on good authority that one man with three
quicksilver flasks for reducing apparatus, has
extracted one hundred and fifty-five pounds of
quicksilver daring the last two we^ks; they are
putting np a "801*11 retort and expect to com-
mence reducing dnring the present week. They
have pl-nty of metal on band, and plentv more
in sight in all their workings. The Eureka
company are h^rd at work developing their
property, they have fifteen or twentv tons of
good ore on hand and have good me'al showing
in four of thfir workings; they Dronose com-
mencing to reduce their ore shortly, but at
present are running a tannel to cut a seam dis-
covered in tbeir upper workings; they have
already run abont 100 ft and have found pd-
conraging indications of the proximity of a
large bodvof metals as in th« bo'tom of their
tunnel; ihey cut what appeared to b?the crown
of tbe ledge twelve ft in width, everv inch of
which was good paying ore. The Berryecsa
company «re running a tunnel to tap thfir
ledge, and from time to time cut through small
seams or stringers of exceedingly rich ore.
The Edna Mabel Consolidated, Oak Knoll
Oceola and several other companies are bard
at work with encouraging prospects of reaping
a rich reward for their labors.
NEVADA.
Wheal Betsey.— Foothill Tidings, March
20: This mine is being steadily worked, six
men making good progress in tbe shaft, now
down over 100' ft. The hoisting machinery
has been at work some time and the pump will
be started as soon as tbe shaft gets below the
old drain tunnel. The present owners of
Wheal Betsey, under Superintendent Smith,
seem determined to retrieve her ancient repu-
tation as a paying mine.
The Gold Tbap. — Nevada Transcript, March
23; we yesterday saw a ball of amalgam taken
from the " gold trap " which has been in ope-
ration at the Gold Tunnel mine for the past
week or more, and tbe size of it proves the
amount of gold that annually goes to waste,
notwithstanding the improved machinery in use.
The owner of the trap will also put one up on
the flume of the Manzanita mine, and demon-
strate the amount that escapes there. We
shall, the next time a clean up is made on the
trap, give the particulars. From the present
clean up it is impossible to tell exactly what
has been accomplished, because tbe whole ma-
chine had to become charged, and the amalgam
consequently had more or less copper in it.
The next time something definite can be given.
Eoouah is already shown to prove that gold is
wasted with present machinery, and that the
j •* gold trap " will save it if used.
Pittsbubg Mine.— We learn from Treasurer
i Sanford that the Pittsburg mine, located at
| Dead man's Flat, is looking splendidly. New
hoisting works have been erected and are now in
operation. The shaft is now 104 feet deep. The
! ledge in the bottom of the drift is three feet
| wide. Ten loads of quartz were crashed about
a week ago at Larimer's mill, which paid $63
in free gold, and there was a ton of sulphurets
Bftved, which is supposed to be worth $140 to
$170. The mine has paid all the labor expend-
ed upon it byway of development, and has
paid dividends regularly besides. The mine is
owned by the Cook brothers and E. P. Sanford
SANTA CRUZ
QmotsiLVKB.— Santa Cruz Sentinel, March
20; Santa Cruz and San I.orei.zo Quieksilve
Mining Co., located in San Benito aud Merced
counties have bonded their mine to J. H Hem-
ell of San Francisco for one year, for tbe sum
of $30,000, to develop the mine. As over twc-
tbirds of the stock of those mines is owned in
Santa Cruz, it brings a handsome little oapital
into our midst, and there can ceitainly be no
longer a plea here of a scarcfty of money or
bard times. We shall have miners in our midst
instead of wideawake energetic business men,
especially if we bear many more complaints
about the indifference to and want of public
spirit in those who are able to assist every good
word and work towards the advancement of
the city and county in needed improvements.
SONOMA-
Miking Items.— Russian River FUuj, March
18th: The Abe Lincoln silver mine, ei^ht miles
northwest of Healdsburg, is applyiug for a
patent.
The Yosemite, owiied by John F. Grater and
John Collins, located near Collins' store in Al-
exander valley, is now being worked. The sur-
face croppings are good. The tunnel bas ad-
vanced 50 ft.
The new furnace for the American works well.
The Annie Belcher furnace is now reducing
ore from the Socrates.
The Quaker tunnel near Pine Flat is now in
to a depth of 110 ft. Silver ore continues to be
found, and the prospects of the mine are good.
Tbe Geyser furnace is kept running steadily,
yielding troni 10 to 12 flasks a week. About 50
men are employed.
A 30-ton furnace will be erected as speedily
as possible by the Mercury company, near
Mercury ville.
Stuart & Elder have sold all their interest in
tbe Goyser.
In Guernville District, the Great Eastern is
looking very well. It has 30 men at work on
the three main tunnels, At least 400 tons of
ore are on the dump. Parrott & Co. will ship
the Wnldbridce furnace material back to San
Francisco and will speedily erect a furnace of
another pattern.
The Mt. Jackson is also looking very well.
Fifteen men employed. The lower main tunnel
is 200 ft. long. From it an east drift extends 75
ft., about 40 running through good milling nre.
Mr. Canan spent a portion of this week at
the New Almaden mines, with a view to the im-
provement of the furnace of the company over
WDJch he presides.
The Cloverdale mine shipped 18 flasks of
mercury last week.
SAN BENITO
New Mine.— The genial face of E. C. Tnlly
has not been seen at his office for several days
past. We learn that the honorable gentleman
has in connection with Mr. Cody, be n work-
ing with great success upon a quicksilver lode
discovered near Tully's home, in Bitter Water
valley. A small furnace bas been placed upon
iTie ground, and quicksilver worth $1,000 a
week is being distilled and shipped to market.
If this yield contines Hollister will lose a law-
yer.
TUOLUMNE.
Stab Mine. — Tuolumne Independent, March
20: This mine, owned by Jones & Woodman,
located in American Camp district, above
Columbia, is considered by an old and experi-
enced quartz miner, who has recently examined
the mine thoroughly; to be "the best show for
opening a big mine in tbe county." They are
now done 200 feet ironi the surface, (being 70
feet deeper than the old working,) and have
cut into the vein 6% feet, and are not through
it yet. A sample of rock from this spot, sent
below for assay, goes $1295 29 per ton, and a
piece of rock from tbe Bame place, which we
have in our office, assays $2 000 per ton.
This is supposed to be a spur of the main or
mother vein, which crops out some 60 feet fur-
ther np the mountain, and which, traced for
200 feet, prospects well the entire distance. In
one place, five or six feet down, it shows a
width of five feet, with appearance of increas-
ing. At this point rock sent below for assay
returns $99.34 per ton, and at a point 200
feet distant croppings show an assay of $59.19
per ton.
YOLO.
Mining — Yolo Mail, March 20: The mining
excitement in the Coast range in Yolo county
still keeps up, and since we have interviewed
some of the principal leaders in the matter, we
begin to believe that they at least are firmly con-
vinced that they have discovered something
rich. Th-y are satisfied, at all events, and are
about organizing companies to work the mines.
Good indications of quicksilver, silver and
iron are found, and many tolerably rich speci-
mens have been exhibited. Should the mines
prove fruitful in Capay valley; it will only add
to the many other inducements to prompt the
managers of the narrow-gange railroad to hurry
up.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
G-PHiB.-»Gold Hill News, March 18th: Daily
yield, 150 tone of ore. The ore stopes on the
1300 and 1465-ft levels, are looking splendid.
The ore-house is full, and the ore is being piled
up for future use at the mills, it being impos-
sible to obtain a sufficient amount of milling
capacity to consume the supply as fast as it is
extracted from the mine. The north drift, on
the 1465-ft level, shows a marked improvement
during the last few days. The northeast drift,
from the 1600-ft station of the north winze, is
in 47 ft, the entire distance in rich ore.
Califobnia. — Cross-cut No." 2, esBt, on the
1500-ft level, is again being steadily driven
abead, the face in excellent ore. The north
drift from this cross-cut to connect with cross-
cut No. 3, is being steadily advanced, the face
in rich ore. It ia now in 50 feet. Tbe face of
cross-cut No. 3, past, on the 1500-ft level, in
still in fair grade ore. Cross-cot No. 4, on tbe
same level, is steadily advancing toward the
ledge, the face in very encouraging vein matter.
Consolidated Viboinia. — Daily yield. 450
tons of ore, keeping the niillB running np to
their full working capacity. The returns from
the mills up to the present time indicate a jield
of about $200,000 more tban that of last month,
which will in ik>' up the returns of the present
month upward* of $1,400,000. The ore stopes
throughout the entire mine are yielding well,
and show no signs whatever of giving out.
Sierba Nevada.— Sinking the old shaft is
making bettor progress, the rock in the bottom
being firmer aud Ma-ting mnch better. Tbe
old drifts on the 700-ft level of tbe old shaft
have been cleaned out and repaired and a north-
east drift started to prospect the ledge and
connect with the new shaft.
South Comstock. — The new shaft is now
down a little over 100 ft. The ground works
well, water does not interfere, and the indica-
tions are that the ledge is not far distant.
Wells Fargo. — Work being pushed ahead
vigorously day and night, with three eight-hour
shifts of men. The bottom of the shaft is now
in porphyry and quartz, and the fteam hoisting
works are of sufficient power to sink to a depth
of 1000 ft or more.
Lady Bbtan.— The west drift, at the 380-ft
level, has struck a solid body of quarlz and low
grade ore, spots of which give very encourag-
ing assays. The south drift, on the 80-ft level,
is in 50 ft. the face still in ore that assays from
$80 to $90 per ton. Sinking a winze on this
ore body is commenced, the bottom of which is
in ore of increasing richness.
Niagaea.— The ore body at the bottom of the
main incline ia showing stronger and better as
greater depth is attained. Machinery for the
erection of new and first-class hoisting works,
capable of working the mine to a depth of 1200
ft, ia now on the way from San Francisco.
Senator.*— Still driving the main north and
south drifts on the 400-ft level vigorously
ahead. The south drift has developed a vein
of darkly stained quartz, two feet in width, of a
very favorable character. Assays from this
vein shows gold aud silver both in encouraging
quantities.
Belcher. — Daily yield, 400 tons of ore, keep-
ing the mills steadily running. Sinking the
winzes from the 1400 to the 1500-ft level, has
shown ho particular change,
Iowa. — The new hoisting machinery has ar-
rived at the depot of the Virginia and Truokee
railroad, and wilt be transported to the mine
and put in active operation at the earliest pos-
sible moment.
Yellow Jacket. — A flow of water, encoun-
tered iu the east cro^s-cut of the 1840-ft level,
has stopped all works in that portion of the
mine for the present.
Utah. — All of the new pumping machinery is
on the ground, and its erection is being accom-
plished as fast aa the nature of the work will
permit.
Jacob Little Consolidated. — The develop-
ments of thiB mine are now in a very encourag-
ing stage of successful advancement, tbe drifts
showing considerable quantities of good mill-
ing ore.
Justice. — Sinking the main incline below tbe
800-ft level progresses well, bat somewhat
slower, owing to the hard character of the rock
encountered and the increase of water. The
main drift Bouth, opening the. 800-ft level, is
now in 44 ft from the incline, with the face in
porphyry. Considerable water is met with
thus far, which, however, may decrease as the
drift passes into the main ledge.
Eubopa. — Since last week's report the face of
the east drift or cross-cut, from the winze, 115
ft below the main adit level, has run through a
very fine striDger of met*l-bearing quartz, six
inches wide, giving fair assays. It is a strong
feeder of the main ledge, but the angle of its
inclination shows the ledge is probably a little
farther distant than has heretofore been sup-
posed.
Savage. — The erection of the new and power-
ful incline machinery, is making steady head-
way. Prospecting on the 2000 ft level shows
nochaLge of interest for the week.
Leo. — Very favorable progress is being made
in driving the main tunnel ahead, the ledge
containing well defined and large, and carrying
a promising character of vein matter.
Imperial-Empire. — The clay seam3 and
quartz in the face of the main east crosscut on
the 2000-ft level, have considerably inoreased
dnring the week. The rock in the bottom of
the main incline is much harder, and blasts
badly.
American Flat. — The ore prospects on both
the 750 and 850-ft levels are growing more en-
couraging as the work progresses. The ledge
formation on the 750 ft level, is showing much
more compact and better dtfiued than on the
levels above.
Overman.— The flow of water at the bottom
of the shaft shows no diminution Bince our
last report.
Osigdsal Gold Hill.— Since our last report,
the oross-cnt from the main south drift to run
beneath or intersect the valuable ore develop-
ment found in the upraise above that level, has
progressed well and will be in where it ought
j to be in a few days.
Julia,— Sinking the main shaft iB making
good progress. It is dow down 1240 ft, The
rock in the bottom is working muob softer.
Crown Point.— Tbe prospecting and cross-
cuttiug on the 1600-ft level goes on as usual
with no important changes to chronicle. Open-
ing the 1700- ft station is making rapid progress.
The old ore breasts and stopes show but little
charge. Dailv yield 400 tons of ore.
Mexican.— the north drift on tbe 1465-ft
level of the Ophir is showing considerable of
an improvement, tbe quartz is rapidly improv-
ing iu looks and the assays gradually on the in-
crease.
Silver Hill. — Nearly all the new pumping
machinery is on the ground ready to place in
position for the future operations. Its ereo-
tion is being pressed with all tbe vigor possible.
Bullion. — The ledge continues to show a
steady improvement on the 800-ft level. Driv-
ing the main north drift on the 1700 ft level of
the Imperial is making rapid progress still.
Woodville. — The ore stopes on the 300-lt
level continues to show finely. Tbe winze be-
low the 300- ft level is down 30 ft still in ore.
Knickebbockeb. — The new pumping machin-
es- is worMng splendidly. Cross-cutting the
east clay wall on both the 600 and 700-ft levels
bas been commenced, and some excellent re-
sults may how soon be looked for.
Florida. — The heavy new hoisting and pump-
ing machinery has about all arrived, and as
soon aB practicable will be put in working po-
sition.
Best and Belches.— Driving the south drift
from tbe bottom of the 1700-ft winze is making
steady piogress, the face still in vein material.
Idaho.
Golden Chabiot and Minnesota. — Owyhee
Avalanche, March 10. — These two favorite
mines are owned and worked by the Golden
Chariot mining oompany, under the efficient
and able management of Col. Jus. H. Keown,
superintendent. Work in both mines is being
pushed aheadwith all possible dispatch. The 10th
11th and 12th levels of the Golden Chariot will
soon be opened up ready for taking ont ore.
Tbe Minnesota shaft will in a short time be
down a sufficient depth to admit of the running
of drifts to connect with the lower levels of the
Chariot. When these connections are made, it
will afford the largest body of ore ready for
stoping ever before opened in these mines. We
expect soon to hear the compauy'e mill pound-
ing away on rich ore, whioh will give such
result* in bullion as to equal, if not surpass,
any shipments heretofore made from these two
mines.
Wab Eagle. — Stoping and raising ore has
been commenced in: good earnest at this mine,
and preparations are being made to commence
hauling ore to the mill. Twenty-five tons is
now the average daily yield of ore from this
mine. Additional hoistinsr facilities will scon
be added, the maohinery for which is now on
the way from San Francisco, and when put in
place, WarEigle will produce double the quan-
tity of aood milling ore that it now does per
day. Early and good shipments will be made
from this mine the coming spring, and we pre-
dict regular dividends to stockholders next
summer.
Red Jacket.— Work iu the prospecting drifts
and winzes of the Red Jacket is being pushed
ahead vigorously by Superintendence. Mil-
ler, and we understand that the prospects ar©
very flittering for striding ore soon. This
mine bas produced as rich ore as auy in camp,
and the finding of ore at the depth now reached
would be a guarantee of an extensive and per-
manent mine.
Utah.
Little Cottonwood. — Steven's Utah Record,
March 5: The principal miues in this distriot
have been vigorously worked, and the outlook
for next summer ia very promising. The
weather was fiae during the whole of the
month and shipment:* of ore continued daily.
A new and extensive development is reported
in the Flagstaff. Work on the Victoria and
Imperial tunnel is being pushed forward and
fine ore reached. The d image done to build-
iDg-i and tramway of the Vallejo, by the snow
slide in January, has been all repaired, and the
extraction of ore and shipments resumed.
Big Cottonwood Distbict.— Everything is
going forward without interruption. The prin-
cipal mines are being worked and continue to
ship ore and improve in appearance. The
Dolly Varden mine has struck it again in the
lowest workings and indications are most fa-
vorable. The Richmond and Teresa are in-
volved in a law suit in regird to title of prop-
erty, and this has induced the owners of the
Richmond to suspend the shipments of ore,
though the portion that is richest in mineral is
not involved. The Evergreen is said to be
looking well, and very favorable for a good
yield .of ore the coming season. The snows
have been severe, still, the fall of snow during
the winter is at least thirty per cent. Iobs than
last season.
Bingham Canyon Distbict. — There has been
no diminution in work on the Spanish mine,
the yield continuing as large and the quality
of ore the same. The deepest level is 430
feet. The ore is beiDg purchased by the
Flagstaff Smelting Co. The Winnamuok main
tunnel is down 700 feet; from ten to twelve tons
of ore are being taken out of the mine daily*
The Neptune and Kempton are reported to
be in a very flourishing condition and yielding
largely. The mines have been connected at
the third level, exposing a fine body of ore.
The district, from all accounts, seems to
steadily improve and the mines generally
yielding satisfactory.
198
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 27, 1875
New Combination Shafts. Trinity County Quicksilver Mines.
Mining shafts far east of the present work-
ings on the Comstoek ledge seem to be the
order of the day. The ledge pitches in that
direction, and the advantage of sinking directly
over an ore body is apparent. The original
mining works were directly upon the outcrop-
pings above B street. Ten years ago the Gould
& Garry, Savage, Chollar, Hale & Norcross,
Mexican, Ophir arid several other companies,
had splendid hoisting -works and elegnnt offices
on the, side of Monnt Davidson. The same
was true with the .Imperial, Empire, Confidence
and other mines on the west side of Gold Hill
As time advanced tunnels were run in lower
down on the hillside. The famous Gould &
Curry tunnel required over two years in its
construction, as it passed the greater part of
the way through hard rock. At that time a
great portion of the business of the city was
done on B street, as the large brick fire-proof
buildings between Union street and Sutton
avenue still bear witness.
Change of Base.
After a few years it was found necessary to
move the hoisting works further east. The
original shafts were abandoned, new ones were
sunk and buildings erected on their present
location. The companies, which were com-
bined into the Consolidated Virginia, profited
by the example of their neighbors and opened
their shaft between E and F streets. The ad-
vantage of a change of base all along the line
has been obvious, both in new discoveries and
in easier and less expensive workings. The
ledge has now, however, been developed to so
great a depth that a still further advance toward
the east has become necessary. The Imperial
and Empire companies combined and jumped
across the road in Gold Hill and suuk a joint
shaft. The California and Consolidated Vir-
ginia entered into a similar arrangement and
are rapidly driving ahead the C. and C. shaft
several hundred feet east of the present works
of the latter.
A New Enterprise.
The Cbollar, Hale & Norcross and Savage
companies contemplate sinking a joint shaft in
the vicinity of the County Hospital, and are
making preparations to begin active operations.
The shaft when completed will be over 3,000
feet in depth. In order to transport the tim-
bers and machinery a branch railroad is neces-
sary which must cross a deep ravine in its
course. A large force of men are at present
engaged in filling in this ravine and in grading
for the track. The new road commences near
the short railroad tunnel south of the round-
house, and after crossing:toe ravine, the track
will wind around the side of the hill, east of
the Mint mine, until it reaches the site of the
new shaft. The grade is not steep at any
point, but the constrnction of the road bed
will involve considerable expense. We learn
that other leading companies intend sinking
shafts farther east. When these new works are
completed, the lower portion of the Comstoek
will be thoroughly explored in search of
New Bonanzas,
Which may be struck at any time. It is this
expectation that leads companies, at present
out of ore, to levy assessments and continue
prospecting, as experience has shown that a
good body of ore will soon repay all previous
Outlays and Bend the stook up to a high figure.
From the bonanza of the Belcher and Crown
Point, $50,000,000 were extracted in three
years, and $25,500,000 paid in dividends. The
ore at present in sight along the line of the
Comstoek assures the prosperity of Virginia for
many years to come, and in the meantime it is
almost certain that other discoveries equally as
valuable will be made.— Virginia Chronicle,
Yellow Oak...; 60
Hard Maple ,' 56
White Elm 68
Red Cedar 56
Wild Cherry 58
Yellow Pine .- 54
Chestnut ; 5a
Yellow Poplar 51
Butternut 43
White Birch 43
White Bine 80
Hardness of wood.
It is a great convenience to know the coni'
parative value of different kinds of wood for
fuel. Taking shell ark hickory as the highest
standard of our forest trees, and calling that
one hundred, other trees will compare with it
for real value as follows:
Bhellbark Hickory 100
Pignut Hickory 96
White Oak 84
White Aah 77
Dogwood 76
Scrub Oak 73
White Haeel 72
Apple Tree, 70
Bed Oak 69
Waite Beach 65
Black Walnut 65
Black Birch 63
But it is worth bearing in mind that there is
a very considerable difference in the woods of
the same species, according to the manner and
the soil on which they grow. A maple that
grows Blowly on an upland pasture, standing
alone or apart from other trees, will last much
longer and give out a greater degree of heat
than one that grows in a swamp, or in the
midst of a dense forest. A tree that grows in
a forest or on a wet, low, rich ground, will be
less solid and less durable for fuel, and conse-
quently less valuable, than a tree of the same
kind that grows on a dry and poorer soil. For
sale, to be sure, one would be just as good as
the other. To the purchaser, oak is oak, and
pine is pine, but for home, the tree grown on
dry upland and standing apart from others is
worth a great deal more. All these rules hold
good as regards timber.
The people in and around Freneh Corral.Ne-
vada county, oomplain of the great scarcity of
water for mining purposes.
From an article in the Trinity Journal on
the mines in Cinnabar district we extract. the
following:
Worland & Butler's shaft was visited and
shows very rich indeed in cinnabar, being lit-
erally striped with vermilion stringers. Mr.
Butler showed us a small hole— probably six
cubic feet in extent — in the side of the shaft,
from which three tanks of quicksilver had been
taken. At the present time they are not get-
ting out any ore, but are running a tunnel to
strike the body uncovered in the shaft. They
have made arrangments for the transportation
of a four ton furnace from San Francisco and
by the time it can be got there and placed io
position they will have plenty of ore to run it
with. Mr. Butler informed us that one lead
on the mine had been prospected for seventy
feet in width and fonnd to be good furnace ore
for all that distance. From what we saw, we
are satisfied that the mine of Worland & But-
ler is one of the richest in the district.
Hawkett & Lytle have commenced at the
baok end of their tunnel and are stoping to
the front, everything back of them being cov-
ered so that nothing could be seen. The ore
pile at their dump is sufficient, however, to
show the richness and extent of their mine —
being a small fortune in itself. They have
three large retorts at Hawkett's camp which
will soon be in position ready for operation
The firm have just contracted with James Mul-
lane for the transportation of ore , from the
mine to the retort*. Both of the companies
just mentioned will turn out large quantities of
quicksilver during the summer.
The Trinity Q. M. Co. continue work on
their tunnel, being in a distance of 215 feet
without any exciting developments as yet,
although they are not far enough into the hill
to strike any extensive deposit. From rock
indications it is thought they will soon reach
the vein on which Hawkett & Lytle are at
work. Bumfelt & JLoring, B. C. "Wattles, Jas.
E. Carr and others have men at work prospect-
ing their mines, but owing to bad weather of
late but little work has been done and no de-
velopments made beyond the striking of an
occasional stringer. H. C. "Wilt has found ex-
cellent surface prospects on this mine, north of
Worland & Butler — getting a pound and over
of pure cinnabar to the pan. It is estimated
that he can rock out 100 pounds per day. Hank
is erecting a cabin on his ground and expects
to strike it big when be gets to work in earnest.
5 l J. Dickinson is building a cabin on the
claims of the Bonanza company and after get-
ting comfortably domiciled will begin pros-
pecting. The new Bonanza is favorably located,
and, being interested, we hope it will at least
equal its Nevada namesake. Several old loca-
tions have been relooated and many others will
be served likewise unless work is soon com-
menced on them. No ground will be allowed
to lie idle in that district this summer. About
forty men are there now and the number is
continually increasing. A hotel and stable are
badly needed there, and the man who gets a
fair start in that business will have as good a
thing as the best of the mines.
Fearing more storm, our party, with the ex-
ception of the Judge, left Cinnabar Thursday
afternoon at 2 o'clock and arrived at the Center
before 7 that evening. Next day we made
home well pleased with our trip and treatment
and resolved to visit Cinnabar again when good
weather comes and make a full report on the
mines there. Rich developments may be ex-
pected now that much prospecting will be done,
but enough is already io sight in the Hawkett
6 Lytle and Worland & Butler mines to insure
a large settlement and lively times at Cinnabar.
For a distance of eight miles cinnabar has been
fonnd, so that the field for prospecting is large
and as favorable as it is extensive.
Wines Among the Ancients. — The Greeks
and Romans had their favorite wines; the
Roman Falerian was one of the most celebra-
ted. This was grown near Naples, a locality
which is still celebrated for its wines. The
Bomans were accustomed to speak of the wine
of a particular year, as, for instance, of that of
the Opimiam year, or the year of Borne 632,
when Opimus was consul, much in the same
way as we now speak of the wine of 1866, or
any other year in which it has been of excep-
tional good quality. Those of the Romans
were all still wines, and as they do not seem to
have understood the are of bottling, it was pre-
served by pouring a little oil into the neck of
the flask. Pliny states that there were fifty-
four Italian and ninety-six foreign wines held
in esteem in bis time. Horace states that the
Greek wines were imitated, so we see thatimx-
ing is no new trade. The Romans, not under-
standing the use of sugar, in order to make
their wines thick, boiled down the must. They
used skins for the purpose of holding it, as wc-U
as amphoree made of clay. The saying in the
Bible, that new wine is put in new bottles,
most likely has reference to the use of these
skins, whioh would, become weak in the course
of time. The ArabB still use theBe skins for
the same purpose, and the poorer classes in
Spain also make use of them. One of the
most laughable scenes in Don Quixote, is the
account of his attack on the wine skins. Of
the mrnner in which the ancients made their
wiues we can only conjecture, but the press iu
some form was early known, — Jonr. of App.
Chemistry.
It is rumored that the Central Pacific follis
contemplate moving their machine shops at
Truckee to Reno, and those at Wadsworth to
Humboldt.
Progress in Tin Manufacture.
Working in tin ware, simple as it appears at
first Bight to be, has become in these days of
modern improvements, quite an intricate art,
involving, whenever conducted on a large scale,
much complicated and expensive machinery.
At the commencement of the present century,
the manufacture of tin goods, even in England,
was carried on by small makers, scattered all
through the kingdom. The trade was aleo
conducted in a mannner quite a^ primitive on
this side of the Atlantic. A few large manufac-
tories had been established in both this coun-
try and in Europe, but even then but little ma-
chinery was used, and the men emp^yed
in Great Britain were but little better than
wandering gypsies. A more intelligent and
permanent set of workmen were engag- d in the
business in this country.
At t.hat time and for many years afterwards,
so little progress had been made in the art,
that even as small an article as a patty pan
was cut out in several pieces and soldered to-
gether— the art of pressing out even such a
small article, from a single piece of metal had
never been conceived of. Such a thing, in
fact, was not successfully accomplished until
the year 1830 — and was then considered quite
an event.
The success which attended tbe experiment
on so small a scale, soon, however, led to those
vast subsequent improvements which now ena-
bles the tinware manufacturer to'tnrn out, by
that process the largest dishes, covers and -ba-
sins. Even a good sized bath tub may now be
"pressed" ont of a single piece of metal.
Although hollow ware, such as tea-pots, etc.,
have long been made from tin plate; such goods
commanded but a limited market from tbe fact
of their necessary disfigurement by the inevi-
table seams and joinings. Lack of facilities for
turning out such articles from block tin, capa-
ble of being still farther beautified by the elec-
tro-plating art, at a small cost, was also a great
draw back to their general introduction. Of
late years, however, machinery has been de-
vised whereby articles of this description arc
made by the combined action of stamping and
''spinning," by which a firm, smooth and
brightly polished surface is produced, equil to
those made of block tin and electro-plated.
Stamped from one piece of iron, tinned,
wheeled, planished and polished by improved
methods, the bright silvery oolor, beautiful
out-lines and artistic finish of wares made by
this process, render them formidable rivals to
the more expensive and less durable electro*
plated Britania goods. Their not requiring to
be cleaned more than once where plated arti-
cles require five or six polishings, is also a
matter greatly in their favor.
Wrought hollow ware now forms a large and
constantly increasing department of tin plate
mimufdcture. These articles now include sauce-
pans, stew-pans, frying-pans, and even tea and
coffee cups, and have largely increased this
field of manufacture, and being made of
wrought, rather than cast iron, are at once
lighter and less liable to fracture. The above
gives some faint outline of the great strides of
improvement which have been made in what
was but recently considered a very simple
business, and of comparatively limited ap-
plication.
Cabinet Making a Fine Art.
The cabinet maker is one who manufactures
fire articles of wood furniture. Such a worker
is really an artist, and his field of usefulness is
wide and varied. The cabinet maker is distin-
guished from the' joiner, mainly from the fact
that he is supposed to apply himself to bis work
more artistically. Both join wood together,
which is the primary occupation of the joiner —
who joins more in the rough, as in house-build-
ing or in the manufacture of the coarser de-
scriptions of furniture.
A cabinet maker, and indeed every other
modern anis m ought to be able to design as
well as construct. It is not sufficient at this
d*y that a person should ba able to simply copy
the works of others — they should be able to de-
sign original articles in their line. Public taste
iu matters of furniture has oome to be very ex-
acting and quite testhetic in its character. The
beautiful in art is now sought for largely in
household, adornment, and new and beautiful
designs are difficult of attainment.
A successful cabinet-maker must be able to
design, and should seek to cut loose as far as
possible from the habit of imitating others.
Originality is essential to success. If one wishes
to carve a medalion let him take a living or else
an ideal subject— don't copy. If a leaf, or vine,
or fruit is desired, place the leaf or vine or
fruit befoie you for a copy, and not the work of
some one else who has already produced the
same. If one desires that his woik should be
admired and live after him he must put his soul
into it — breathe into it as it were* a living
spirit, as did the sculptors, and painters, and
architects of old, whose works have come down
to us through the centuries.
Amateur Engine Building.
It is one of the first desires of most young
men when they go to learn a machinist trade,
to build for themselves a small working model
of a steam engine. As soon as the young me-
chanic has learned the use of tools he is very
apt to apply much of his leisure time to con-
structing the part5' of a steam engine and fitting
them together. Being unprovided with cast- -
iugs he has to oommence with his patterns and
make the castings himself, something quite for-
eign to the trade which he is learning. Either
this has to be done or the various parts have
to be worked out by the file. Either" process is
very tedious; but the interest felt in finishing
the job hold" on to the last — until the machin-
ery is completed, and the young mechanic has
the pleasure of turning on the steam and see-
ing, for the first time, a steam engine of his
own make working away under a full head of
steam ! The pleasure of that moment more
than makes amend for all tho trouble,„toil and
patience whioh has been bestowed upon his
pet.
We haTe often wondered why some one has
not got up one or two different sized seta of
patterns for small engines, of a something more
than toy size, for sale to such as might be de-
sirous to exercise their mechanical ingenuity in
the way of finishing up and putting together
the pieces which is all of engine building that
properly belongs to the machinist. There are
no doubt many young men, who are not en-
gaged in learning trades, and who do not even
contemplate doing so, who would be pleased to
provide themselves with tools necessary for
such work, and spend their leisure hours as
amateur mechanics, if such results could be so
readily realized. The co-t of such a set of cast-
ings would be small, in the rough,. and would
be within the reach of almost every one, and
their possession and finishing up would no
doubt be the means of developing many a me-
chanical genius which might otherwise lie dor-
mant forever.
Such a set of castings should be represented
by a cylinder, say 2 inches in diameter, with a
stroke of 4 inches, and a 10 or 12 inch balance
wheel. Other sets, a size smaller and a size
larger, might also be provided, for Buch as
might prefer a smaller or larger engine.
Such a set would comprise 14' pieces, as fol-
lows:— Bed-plate, balance wheel, crank, pillow
block, eccfntric, eccentric bands, slides, cross
beads, - cylinder heads, piston, steam chest,
stuffing boxes and slide valve, and the inevita-
ble whistle might be added, if desired. These
might be furnished simply as iron and brass
castings in the rough, to be finished up, pol-
ished and put together by the amateur. Here
is a chance for somebody — some of our brass
foundries for instance — to make a small, and,
we think, a profitable addition to their stock of
Who will furnish them ?
Both at the Ophir and California they are
prospecting in advance on their lower levels
with diamond drills. That in the California is
said not to be working very satisfactorily; bnt
the Ophir drill is now working very well.
Darwin, the new settlement in Coso district,
Inyo county, contains about sixty houses, and
in the opinion of some will before long be the
largest town in the county. The mines are
very promising.
Underground.
At the Geological Society of Glasgow annual
mteting the President (Sir William Thomson)
delivered an interesting address, which was
greatly appreciated by the members. The sub-
ject dealt with was "Underground Tempera-
ture. Sir William explained at the outset that
the mathematical theory of underground tem-
perature involved phenomena which might be
divided into two classes — periodic and non-per-
riodic. The periodic phenomena occurred over
and over again, with perfect regularity in suc-
cessively equal intervals of time; the non-pe-
iodic might be approximately periodic, or irre-
gularly periodic, without fulfilling accurately
that Btiict definition. But, on the other hand,
the action which had no periodic character
whatever might be irregular, or there might be
a gradual seoular variation. There might be
three classes of phenomena— secular variation,
irregular variation and periodical variation.
He then described the mathematical theory of
Fourier, aB applied to the periodic, observing,
in passing, that it was equally convenient for
dealing with all three classes. That theory was
one of the most beautiful pieces of application
to the mathematical instrument they had in
tbe whole history of science. It had consti-
tuted a n^w branch of mathematics, and Four-
ier, Sir William mentioned, invented it for the
purpose of analysing the phenomena of the
conduction of heat through solids. He spoke
of the investigations of Peolet, Armstrong
Quetlet, Tait and Forbes into the conductivity
of bodies, and he exhibited a diagram showing
the results obtained by Forbes from thermo-
meters placed at depths of 3, 6, 12 and 24 feet
below the surface in Craigleth quarry, the Ex-
perimental Gardens, and the Calton Hill, Edin-
burgh. The result of these observations,
which Forbes commenced'and sir William con-
tinued.showed that the variations were greater
near the surface, that a higher temperature was
generally indicated at a later period at the
greatest depth, and seemed to show that the
sandstone of the Craigleith quarries had a
greater- conductivity than the trap-rook. Sir
William concluded by referring to the tempera-
ture of the earth as indicating its former condi-
tion, and he promised at some future time to
give the society another address on a kindred
subject.
Eukeka mining district continues to turn out
large quantities of ore. Last week the Kich-
mond produced 140,000 pounds, and shipped
60,084 pounds, and the Eurfka Consolidated
produced 168,260 pounds, and shipped 185,435
pounds, making the total production 308,260
pounds and the shipment 245,519.
March 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
199
UsEfdL lHroFKMATION*
How to Treat a Watch.
A Scientific watchmaker. Mr. Nclthropr,
thus advfscs.with reference to oar vest-pocket
companion : " A watch is much like a chili), re-
quiring uniform treatment, that is to say plain-
ly, not over indulged to-day, neglected to-mor-
row. Winding-up hhould be performed regu-
larly, with a steady and uniform motion, not
moving bnth hands, and nearly as possib e at
the same hour daily. A watch should always
be kept at the same temperature, as nearly as
possible. Left over-night on a stone roautel-
piece, it is sure to gain, or if the oil seta thick-
ened, it may stop, to bo started again by the
warmth of the pocket. The regulator is too
often viewed ao an appendage more to be look-
ed at with wonder than to be used, whilo the
persons who can explain ihe theory of its aotion
are few in the extreme. Yet the task of learn-
ing enough about a watch to become capable of
talking intelligently about it, and exercising
the control over a 'jobber' which that know-
ledge is oertain to give, is but aliebt.J and it
'ought to be reckoned as blameworthy to be ig-
norant about one's watch as to know nothing
of the merits of one's boots or clothing." Mr.
Nelthropp gives to the uninitiated a few hints
an to the purchase of a watch, which are worth
reproducing. The case, be it gold or silver,
should be correctly made and of fair thickness;
the hinges close and smooth; the glass well fit-
ted; the dial of clear, bright enamel, the
seconds sunk, the whole of good weight when
held in the band. Whei the dome is opened—
for it is better that a watch-case should be so
made, though more expensive— the bruss work
should look well finished, the edges smoothed
off, the jewels pale in color, but of -ft line, clear
lustre; the action of the spiral spring should
be even, when the watch is set going.
To Pbkvbnt Ecstino.— Boiled linseed oil
will keep polished tools from rusting if it is
allowed to dry on them. Common sperm oil
will prevent from ruBtiog for a short period. A
coat of copal is frequently applied to polished
tools exposed to the weather. Woolen mate-
rials are the best for wrappers for metals. Iron
and steel goods of all descriptions are keot free
from rust by the following: Dissolve Y% oz. of
camphor in 1 lb. of hog's lard, take off the
-cum and mix as much black lead as will giv*>
the mixture an iron color. Iron and steel, and
machinery of all kinds, rubbed over with thi^
mixture and left with it on for twenty-four
hours, and then rubbed wi'.h a linen olotb,
will keep clean for months. If machinery is
for exportation it should be kept thickly
ooated with this during the voyage.
Secubino Safety in the Use of Steam Boil-
ers.— The case of a boiler has much to do with
it* *af ty and working age, and the cases of
neglect d boil'rs show how importaLt, reliable
ana intelligent engineering talent is. There are
many who are ever ready to put forth all sorts
of theories and. causes of stfani boiler acci-
dents. But as a general thing they are not
persons who are familiar with boilers in daily
use, or if they own boilers, tbeir experience is
confined to their own practice. It will be
roidily admitted by every thinking-person that
an experience gained from examining boilers in
different parts of the country, of all types and
under all the varying conditions of use to which
boilers are subjected, will be more valuable
th-in any experiments with one, two or tbree
boilers, or with the pr act cal use of the num-
ber in any one of the large manufactories in
th* country. The views obtained from a large
collection of facts re-ulting from actual experi-
ence, and from a close and caref-d examination
of facts connected with steam boiler explosions,
continued, through a series of years, will be
likely to lead to much more important and val-
uable conclusions than could any reasonable
number of_ experiments made in testing boilers
I and straining them, under special conditions,
I to the bursting point, as is done (and that to
{advantage) with cannon. Such observations
I are now b^ing made by reliable parties; and re-
port^ may be expected, before long, which will
.I no doubt add much to our real knowledge in
; this important direction.
Stkam-Boilkk Inspection.— It is notorious
how incautious we all are when cur life and
property are jeopardized. To-morrow, we will
attend to that leaky boiler; next week, we will
let down our fires for repairs; and thns it goes,
until some fine morning we are called to view
the utter demolition of our once beautiful and
powerful factory, together with the forms of
hundreds of innocents perishing in the seething
flames and mine. Let our manufacturers, en-
gineers and superintendents ponder well (his
question of ste^m-boiler inspection and insur-
ance, and no longer hesitate as to what course
to pursue. — Coal and Iron Record.
When sterl instruments have been injured
by over-healing, they may be restored to their
normal condition by heating to a cherry red
and covering with the following mixture. 01
salve: Two parts of born filings, 10 parts tal-
low, 1 part sal ammoniac. 1 part pulverized
charcoal, 1 part soda. When the steel gets
cold, it may be hardened in the usual manner.
A well tempered bar spring will lose much
of its elastic strength by filing off a very thin
stale from the surface-
Qood HE^LTH°
Take Good Care of your Servants.
_ An Appropbiatk Emblbm.— Bedhead de-
signs might more frequently make use of the
lotus in these carvings. It is one of the
; mo.-^t appropriate designs which can be taken
i from the vegetable kingdom. Pliny says of
1 these plants :—" It is reported when the sun
i goes down, their heads, which are like those of
t the poppy, clo-e up with the leaves and siok
I under water, where they remain shut up until
j the morning, when they appear above the sur-
face and open."
Rr/BBEn Joints. — A Scientific American writer
says: " In making a rubber joint, take a piece
of chalk and rub it on the side of the rubber
and flange where the joint is to open, and,
when required, they will come apart easily and
not break the rubber, although the latter may
be burnt and hard. Repent the chalking be-
fore screwing up, and you will have as good a
joint as ever, and the rubber oan be used a
number of timeB."
Gi.ni to Kesist Fibe. — The London Furni-
ture Gazette gives this recipe : Mix a handful of
qoiok lime in i ozs. of linseed oil; boil to a
good thickness, then spread on plates in the
shade and it will become exceedingly hard, but
may be easily dissolved over the fire, and
used as ordinary glue. It resists fire after be-
ing used for gluing substances together.
Vaenish fob Metallic Subfaces.— A foreign
authority says that alcoholic varnish can be
made to adhere more firmly to polished metal-
lic surfaces by adding one part of pure crystal-
lized boracic aeid to two hundred parts of
varnish. " Thus prepared, it adheres so firmly
to the metal that it can not be scratohed off
with the finger-nail ; it appears, in fact, like a
glaze."
To tbtje a corundum wheel, adjust in it the
lathe and revolve it very fast, holdiog a piece
of corundum stone against the surface. It is
Baid the piece will melt and unite with the
heel, making the periphery perfectly true.
wh
[Written for the Pbe*b.]
The servants of our bodies (our most valua-
ble servants.) are the teeth, the stomach, the
liver, etc. They are all very easily and very
often abused. In fact we abuse them without
being aware of it. The stomach is the subject
of the most abuse of all the bodily organs. We
don't expect the servants of the farm or the
kitchen to work any longer than the number of
hours they agreed to work; but we abuse the
poor stomach by forcing it to work at all hours
in the day and even in the night, when all
other organs of the body are at rest. One way
of abusing the stomach is to not masticate the
food thoroughly, and then the stomach has to
do the work that the teeth and mouth Bhould
have done. "When food is thoroughly chewed
it is well moistened with saliva. But when it
is bolted with little or no chewing, then the
stomach has to furnish more than its share ol
gastric juice to wash up what should have been
done in the month. The stomach has more
muscular exercise to perform in the process of
digestion than most people are aware of. It
secreteB gastric juice from the arterial blood
which is held in a thousand little glands in the
mucous membra in, and when food is eaten
tbese glands emit this gastric juice into the
chamber of the stomach to moisten the food
and at the same time the muscular coats of the
stomach contract and dilate, and take the food
through a kneading (or churning as some
physiologists call it) process, to mix it thor-
oughly with the gastric juice.
This secreting gastric juice and working pro-
cess is kept up until every particle of food is
thoroughly digested. The time required for
digestion in a healthy person is from one to
three hours according to. the character of fhe
food eaten. When a person eats three times a
day, the stomach has the proper amount of
rest. But unfortunately very few people do
eat but three times a day. Some eat every
time they happen to see food. And the stom
ach will atttnd to its business as long as it has
the vital power to do so, even if it is imposed
upon. Thus, however, after a person eats be-
tween meals the stomach will commence to di-
gest and do its work as well as its vital power
will admit of.
Some call it seeond nature when they have
acquired an unphysiological hat it. A person
may live awhile on second nature; but first
nature will come at some time and demand set-
tlement, and then second nature will be found
bankrupt. Then what happens ? Why, if the
stomach is burdened with overwork, it is going
to fail to do its work well, and then some one
of the myriad forms of dyspepsia is sure to fol-
low. Then follows a succession of secondary
diseases; and the sufferer will blame the coun-
try, the climate, everybody and everything,
exeept his own irregular habits. Sour stomach
is one of the most annoying and most disas-
trous forms of dyspepsia. It is one great cause
of so much premature decay of teeth.
Children should be taught regularity in eat-
ing from their infancy. It is mistaken kind-
ness to feed children every hour in the day,
if they happeu to ask for food bo often; but
most people do it, and the consequence is, that
one half the people are dyspeptics before they
arrive at man and womanhood.
The other side of the picture— I have had the
pleasure of seeing a few families who practice
regularity in eating, with other physiological
reforms (that only a few are interested in), and
the good health they enjoy is worth a hundred
times the pains required to take care of the
health. Health journals are much cheaper
than aches and pains and doctors' bills.
N. A. Pickens, M. D.
Uiverside, Cal.
Tincture of Arnica PoisonousTo the Skin.
One of the most popular articles in the
household materia medici is tincture of arnica.
It is used in almost every family as an exter-
nal application for sprains, bruises, and p iins
generally. But, according to Dr. J. C. White
it often exerts a poisonous action on the skin'
In the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal for'
January. 21, 1875, he describes in detail three
cases in which it produced acute inflammation
or eczema. Arnica, he says, "munt therefore
be regarded as an irritant poison when applied
to the skin of some persons." Even when it
is not hurlf il be believes it to be useless for the
purposes for which it is omploy<rd. Its proper-
ties reside in an acrid resin and a volatile oil."
For its reputation as an application for spruins
and bruises, "it may thank the alcohol asso
dated with it, for this, beyond doubt, is the
only active agent in such application."
When arnica is used so extensively, why are
not cases of poisoning by it more common? To
this question Dr. White replies:
"I believe that they do occur not infrequent-
ly, but that they are not recognized. The ap-
pearances which follow its use are no doubt
of ten mistaken for the immediate effect, or the
sequelce of the injury or other trouble for which
it was applied. Even the physician, there can
be little doubt, often fails to recognize the arti-
ficial nature of the eczema he is called upon to
treat, and to connect it with the prior applica-
tion of arnica to the skin. The almost univer-
sal bt lief in its harmlessness, too, would pre-
vent in most cases the pitient from communi-
cating to the physician the fact of its use be-
fore the appearance of the disease.
' 'It is not to be wondered at, however, that
physicians are so little acquainted with these
poisonous properties, when we see how little
mention is made of them in medical literature.
The works on materia medica that I have at
hand give it a more or less feeble commenda-
tion, but make no allusion to its injurious ac-
tion upon the skin. Very few of the workB
upon toxicology place arnica among the poi-
sons, and Van Hasselt, who gives the fullest
account of its injurious results when adminis-
tered internally, says nothing of its action upon
the skin. Neither do I recall any reports in
medical journals of cases of such affection. In
a long list of substances enum rated as capable
of producing eczema, in his ohapter on this dis-
ease, Hebra includes arnica without special
mention; but in another article he says: 'Some
medical men suppose that tincture of arnica is
a perfectly harmless remedy. But I would
give a lriendly warning to those who advocate
its use; unless, indeed, they propose to employ
it hr>mcepathically and in infiaitesinial doses.
In the proportion of a drop of the tiucture to a
pail of water, this substance may certainly be
applied without any risk of doing harm.
"I have in praotice had abundant occasion to
observe that the tincture of arnica, even when
much diluted, aots moBt injuriously upon the
skia of some persons. Fox, in his brief re-
marks on medicinal rashes fays: 'Arnica may
produce erythema, and swelling of the part to
which it is applied, or it may excite a real
eczema.
TheBe facts ought certainly to be known by
physicians, and by everybody who has been in
the habit of using this popular tincture. The
extent to which it is used may be inferred from
the tact that there are single houses in Boston
that sell several thousand pounds of arnica
flowers every year. The 'herb is employed in
veterinary practice, but full one-half of all that
is sold goes to Bupply the demnnd for the tine-
cure as a household "pain-killer." The alco-
hol without the poison would be cheaper as
well as Bafer. — Boston Journal of Chemistry.
Sleeplessness.
Domestic EcopopY"
To take a heariy meal jast before retiring is,
of oourse, injurious; because it is very likely to
disturb one's rest and produce nightmare.
However, a little food at this time if one is
hungry, is decidedly beneficial. It prevents
the gnawing of an empty stomach, with its at-
tendant restlessness and unpleasant dreams, to
say nothing of probable he idache, or of ner-
vous and other derangements, the next morn
ing. One should no more lie down at night
hungry than he should lie down after a very
full dinner, the consequence of either being
disturbing and harmful. A qracker or two, a
bit of bread and butter, or cake, a little fruit —
something to relieve the sense of vaouity, and
so restore the tone of the system — is all that is
necessary.
We have known persons — habitual sufferers
from restlessness at night — to experience mate-
rial benefit, even though they were not hungry,
by a very light luncheon before bedtime. In
place of tossing about two or three hours as
formerly, they would soon grow droWBy, faE
asleep and not wake more than once or twice
until sunrise. This mode of treating insomnia
has recently been recommended by several dis-
tinguished physicians, and the prescription
generally attended with happy results.— iicrib-
■ner's Magazine.
Salads and Dressings.
"Daisy Eyebright" always writes well and
always tells her readers things true and useful,
whether her subject be flower gardening, cook-
ery, or djme-tic economy. Sbe sav«, for in-
stance, of salads (iu the Country Gentleman)
that if we would use them, as the French do,
aB an article of daily food, we should not en-
gender so many disorder* of the blood as we do
by fating so much fat meats, and butter and
sugar in its varied forms of oakea. pie*, pud-
dings, etc She offers the following recipes,
which we hope our fair housekeepers will try
for themselves:
Mayonnaise Dbessino.— This is for lobster
or chicken satal, and is made as follows:
Break the yolas of three raw eggsinto a salad
bowl, add a little salt and white pepper; stir it
with a wooden spoon with the right hand,
while with the left you add. very slowly, about
half a pint of pure salad oil, poured from the
bottle held in the lefthand. Beat it tor twenty
minutes, and add pepper and Bait to your
taste. Beat the whites of two eggs to a stiff
froth, and stir rapidly into the dressing. Now
add about two large spoonfuls of vinegar, more
or less, aocording to its strength, and blend all
thoroughly together until it is as smooth as
glass; it not so, add a few drops of oold water
to mingle the whole mixture. Take the lob-
Bter from the shell; leave the legs and the
"coral" to be used as garnish; out the remain-
der into small dice and place in a deep bowl;
add to it small heads of oos lettuce (which ij
the light green variety, and very tender, but
the common kinds will do), garnish the dish
with capers and lobster claws and "ooral,"
sliced hard-boiled egos and olives, first, turn-
ing the mayonnaise all over the lettuce.
If you desire to make chicken mayonnaise,
roast the fowls, bisting them frequently w ith
butter dissolved in water; when roasted tender,
remove the flesh from the body, wings and
legs; cat in small mouthfuls, and add ei'her
celery, lettuce, or chopped cabbage — the first,
if well blanched, is preferable. Garnish with
slices of boiled beets, hard-boiled eggs, and
olives.
Cabbage and Ham Salad.— Take two small
heads of cabbage, well washed, and chnp them
quite fine; slioe off a dozen or more thin slices
of tender boiled bam. Mix the two together
in a salad bowl. Make a dressing of two raw
eggs, mixing the yolks wilh half a teaspoonful
of mustard, stirred up in boiling water; then
add three tablespoonfuls of sour cream, just
skimmed from the pan, or one small teaeupful
of salad oil, poured in very Blowly, as directed
for mayonnaise. Stir for ten minntes, adling
a little salt and pepper. Beat the whites of the
eggs to a froth, and add to it; also four table-
spoonfuls of vinegar. This makes a delicious
side dish, or a course at the dinner-table, and
the housewife will find it a toothsome subni-
tnte for a hot dinner when the mercury mounts
bigh up among the nineties, and there is iron-
ing or washing to attend to. Chopped cold
boiled potatoes can also be added; and the dish
can be prepared ont of cold boiled oorned beef
chopped fine, or from oold roast veal, beef, or
mutton. Lettuce can be substituted for cabbage
if preferred, and the mustard oan be left out.
Boiled Cabbage Salad.'— Boil a Savoy cab-
bage until tender; then drain and chop it.
Serve wiih a salad dressing, made out of two
hard boiled eggs mashed very fine, three table-
spoonfuls of thick, Bour oream, one teaspoooful
of mixed mustard, one teaspoonful of salt, two
tablespoonfuls of strong vinegar. Stir until
perfectly smooth, and turn over the cabbage.
To Take out Bbdtses in Fubnitobb. — Wet
the place well with warm water, then take some
brown paper five or six times doubled and well
soaked in water, lay it on the place, apply on
that a hot flat iron till the moisture is evapo-
rated, and if the bruise is not gone, repeat the
process. You will find after two or three ap-
plications that the dent or braise is raised level
with the surface. If the bruise is small, soak
it well with warm water, and hold a red-hot
poker very near the surf ioe, which is to be
kept continually wetted, and you will soon find
the indentation vanished.
Home Eepaibs of Plastebed Walls.—
Small holes in white plastered walls can be
ea-ily repaired without sending for the mason.
Equal parts of plaster of Paris and white sand
saoh as is used in most families for scouring
purposes— mixed with water to a paste, applied
immediately, and smoothed with a knife or flat
piece of wood, will make the broken plaoe aB
good as new. The mixture hardens very
quickly, so it is heat to prepare but a small
quantity at a time.
Apple Snow. — Pare the apples, halve and
core them; put them to boil wiih a little water
and one capful white BUgar. When the apples
are cooked, lift them out without breaking;
boil down the Birup and pour over. On the
»op place a few spoonfuls of whites of eggs;
beaten to a stiff froth and seasoned with lemon.
White Cake. — Two eggs, two cups of white
sugar, one cup sweet mils, one-half enp buiter,
beat to a cream; two tablespoonfuls cream tar-
tar, one teaspoonful soda, three and one half
caps flour. When baked, sprinkle the top
with white sugar, and place spoonfuls of jelly
on the top.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[Maich 27, 1875
W..B. EWER i..... ...SmnoisEprxOB.
DEWEY «!fc CO, pubWslieirs.
V..T. DBWET,
W. B. EWER, .
*H0. L.BOONE
Office; No. 224 Sansome St., S.
of California St., San iEranclseo.
' Subscription and Advertising Rates:
SUBSOBIPTIONO payable in advance— For one year, U;
ill months, #2.26; tores months, tl.25. Remittances
by RofrfBtered letters or Pi O.ofaers at our risk
ADTEETlsma Eaxes.-^I we* 1 MOM*. 3 mcmBM. J gear.
Per line 25 .80 J2.U0 *">-00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.60 24.00
Onelnch 1.50 ,.,,4.00; ,12.00 48.00
Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special ol
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
inserted at special rates. , , , _^__
8an Kraiioisoo: ., •
Saturday Morning, March 27, 1 875
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL. WEWS.-
The District Telegraph; Students m the Field; Hy-
draulic Mining in California— No. 18, 193. Our-
selves; The Sonora Process; :The Patent Office at
Fault- The California Water Company; The Blacl
Hills 200. Whooping Crane, 201. Broadbboks'
Excelsior Pruning Shears, 208. Pliocene Terraces
in California; Brooks' Improvement in Distilling;
The Microscopical Society; Patents and Inventions,
209- General News Items, 212.
IXXTJSTRATIONS.— The District Telegraph, 193.
The "Whooping" or' Sand-Hill Crane; 201. Econ-
omy of the Vegetable Kingdom, 208.
CORRESPONDENCE. — Mexican Mines; Aus-
tralian Notes, 194. . „ • „ . . „
SCIENTIFIC PROQRESS.— What are Bacteria?
Sulphur aB a Fire Extinguisher; The Wisdom of the
Egyptions; A. New Ke-Action of Essence of Mint;
Oxygen in Hydrogen; Now Microscopic Telescope;
Ah Experiment 'with Silver; Cloud Observations,
195
MEO HANIC At. PROQRESS.— Aluminum— Its
Use and Preparation; To Form Perfect Squares; Iron
aud its Uses in Buildina; Distribution of Steam:
Condensation in Steam Cylinders, 195-
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Noyces of Assess-
ments; Meetings aud Dividends; Review of the^took
Market forthe Week, 196.
MINING-, SUMMARY from the various counties
in Oaliiornia, Nevada, Idaho and Utah, 196-7.
USEFUL INFORMATION. — How' to Treat
Watch; Securing Safety in the Use of Steam Boilers;
Ah Appropriate Emblem; Rubber Joints; Glue "to
Resist Fire; Varnish for Metallic Surfaces, 199.
GOOLV HEALTH. -Take Good Care of your Ser-
vants; I Tincture of Arnica Poisonous to the Skin;
Sleeplessness, ISfcSw
DOMESTIC ECONOMY— Salads and Dressings;
To Take out Bruises in Furniture; Home Repairs of
Plastered Walls; Apple Snow; White Cake; 199,
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 208. ■ , , . . , ,
MISCELLANEOUS.— The Microscopical Society,
194. Neyf Combination Shafts; Hardness Of Wood1;
Trinity County Quicksilver Mines; Wines Among the
Ancients; Progress In iTin Manufacture; Cabinet
Making a- Fine Art; Amateur Engine Building; Un-
derground, 198. The Patent Law of the Republic
of Chili; Gelatin'e; 1Fr6zen"Qoicksilver; Here : and
- There; Onthe Motive . Power of Diat'oms, ,201;
U.S. Mining Laws, 203-3-4-5. Interesting Analo-
gies in Nature, 208. California Railroad IteinB;
Agricultural Items', 209-
/' • I .1
Ourselves.
• .
It is not often that we take occasiciii to speak
of ourselves, preferring to let the paper stand
on its own merits; but\ this week 'we; desire to
call the a'ttention of onj readers to fng dqiibje
sheet . edition of, this issue., We have had
numerous de"mtthds from different localities for
the mining laws of the pnited States and ac"
cordingly have issued a supplement containing
such information in this direction as the miners
need., 'Every1 miner Should carefully • Study
these laws and understand thein. The instruc-
tions of ithe Commissioners, are given which
gives the interpretation put upon the law by
the Land Office. Some who read 'these laws
for the first time will doubtless find there , in-
forniation bf great value which may make a
great difference' to them in dollars and cents.
Our columns are so crowded; from time to
time that we occasionally find it necessary to
issue's,- double sheet to relieve this- pressure.
Ab often as we are sufficiently provided with
good reading aud advertising' matter, this
double sheet edition will .bo printed. We have
been giving, and, will continue to give, a large
amount of information, to the mining and in-
dustrial public, and we hope , our readers .will
appreciate our endeavors., The Mining -and
SciffiHTjrio Press is the recognized leading Re-
presentative of the ininiDg interests, and as
such has been, we- hope, a-benefit to the coast.
Wo shall continue to do all We oan to maintain
thie position and only. need.'ithe' oontinued co-
operation of the mining ipublid to oarry out our
endeavors. Theipaper goes into, every mining
town and. camp on the Pacific coast,, and besides
the general news of the day, every issue oor."
tains- information of interest to the mining com-
m mity, worth far more than the terms of
subscription.
A fine, prospect for quicksilver hasrecently
been found about? three miles southwest of
Lower Lake.
The Sonora Process.
Working Rebellious Ores.
The 'process of working Bilver ores generally
known, as the ; 'Sonora Process," was intro-
duced by Mr. E. B. Smith, in Sonora, Mexico,
in 1869, and since that time has been in use by
that gentleman at the hacienda Im Agvja. , So
marked anij., uniform has been its , success that
it has been adopted by every other hacienda in
Sonora. The process is especially adapted to
the treatment of rebellious ores; that is, all sul-
phuretted ores that require desulphurization
and chlorinatioh to allow the silver, to admit of
amalgamation.
The ore is prepared by roasting in a reverbe-
ratory fnrnace, reducing the silver and baser
metals to a chloride. The ore is then charged
into boxes prepared with a false bottom, and is
then luxiviated with water until the chlorides
of the base metals are dissolved and washed
o,ut. A solution of hyposulphite of lime is
then turned on the ore, which dissolves the
chloride of silver. This silver, in solution, is
then drawn off into tanks, and the silver pre-
cipitated by sulphide of lime. After the pre-
cipitation Of the silver the resulting liquor is a
hypersulphite, which is drawn off and pumped
back ihtd the ore tanks,, to serve again as a dis-
solvent of the silver.
The precipitated silver is drawn off, strained
and pressed, and then roasted in a small re -
verberatory furnace to burn off the Bulphur,
then and melted in crucibles with iron, orcupel
furnaces with lead.
The advantages gained by this means are:
1st. The greater reduction of cost in the build-
ing of reduction works. 2d. The economy of
power, as no machinery is used except the
stamps for pulverizing the ore. 3d. Economy
of orushing, as much coarser screens can be
used in the batteries. 4th. Simplicity and cer-
tainty of results. 5th. Larger percentage of
i silver obtained than by any other economical
means, 6th. No patent, no royalty, and no
: mystery;
, Much, depends upon the proper construction
| of the furnaces so as to economize fuel and
, produce the most perfect chlorinization, and
i then on.ihe skill and faithfulness of those in
charge of the roasting. The construction of
the works 6hould be under the charge of some
one thoroughly familiar with the process, so as
to arrange all the appliances with a view to con-
venience, and economy in the , handliog of the
eres; but when once so constructed any intelli-
gent worker in ores can soon familiarize him-
self with all the various manipulations which
the ore goes through. It takes from one-quar-
ter to one-half a cord of wood for roasting.
The screens used generally are No. 24, so each
stamp can crush a great deal more ore per day
than when screens from No. 40 to 60 are used.
The cost of working by this process of course
varies with, the locality, price of wood, etc. At
Mr. Smith's hacienda, with a ten-stamp mill,
if running steadily the cost is from $10 to f 13
per ton of ore. '
This prooess is now generally used in So-
nora, but we do not know that it was ever in-
troduced here. In Sonora they have used the
patio, pans, and all other means, but have
tbrown.them out, and now use this process
withigood results. No chemicals are used ex-
cept salt, and sulphur. Mr, Smith's mill has
been a sort of custom mill for some time, and
has worked all classes of ores successfully. The
silver comes out generally about 900 fine, al-
though U'has been, produced as high as 960.
The process is specially adapted to rebellious
silver-beariog ores, and we hope- some of our
readers may try it here. It appears admirably
adapted for miners who do not want to erect
large, and expensive works. Mr. Smith, who is
at present at 439 Bush stieet, in this city, will
give all the desired information should any one
feel interested in hearing more details of the
matter. |
Tbe Patent Office at Fault.
We have entertained a high regard for the
present Commissioner of Patents, and sincerely
hoped that the patent office would suffer no
detriment in bis keeping. But oircumstances
compel, us, to complain of a portion of his ma-
chinery Which seems to be terribly out of order.
Of course we refer to what is known as the
Philosophical Division, a class that is kept
constantly in arrears. The simplest case fall-
ing within this class is kept under advisement
for months, while the examiners in other classes
do not require as many weeks to dispose of the
most difficult and complicated machinery. In
fact marly of 'the classes, we are informed, are
kept cloiely up. Why is this difference 1 We
call the special attention of the honorable Com-
missioner to the fact that an inventor of elec-
tric signals for railroads filed his application in
December, and on' the 12th March was placed
in interference with au application filed Sep-
tember 20th;, 1H73.' Why was this latter case
allowedjto lie so long in the examiner's room,
as a Irap tb catch ' unsuspecting partits who
subsequently pay their money into the office
and file their applications in good,, faith? We
hope Commissioner Thacher may be able to
explain.
The California Water Company.
This company occupy the dividing ridge be-
tween the south and middle forks-of the Amer-
ican river. The company is incorporated with
a capital stock of $10,000,000; principal place
of business, Georgetown, El Dorado county.
The officers are as follows: James , S. Pierce,
President; H. S. Bradley, Superintendent; H.
J. McKusick, Superintendent of mining de-
partment, and C. H. Jones, Superintendent of
water sales department. The company has
235 miles of ditohes and iron pipe, coveriog
300 miles square of mining ground, and em-
bracing the heavy gravel deposits of Mount
Gregory, Tipton hill, Mamaluke hill, Jones
hill, Bottle hill, Fort hill, Buffalo hill, Five
Cent hill, Pilot hill, etc., and the seam
and surface diggings of Georgetown,
Georgia slide, , Spanish dry diggings, Green-
wood, Johhtown, American Flat, Spanish Flat,
Kelsey's, St. Lawrenceburg, and also many
quartz mines, including the Clipper, the Wood-
side, the St. Lawrence, the Taylor, the Cedar-
berg, the Sliger, etc The main supply ditch
for this extensive region has a capacity of 4.Q0O
inches, and its sources of supply are inexhaust-
ible.
The company are now engaged in mining
or selling water in most of the above named
localities. For the past three years they have
expended large amounts _ of money in extend-
ing and improving their ditches, acquiring
mining claims, timber land, etc But mining
and water selling will by no means limit the
scope of this company's operations. The main
ditch, before arriving at the mineral belt where
it is distributed, passes through some 200
square miles of valuable timber. Upon the
line of the ditch are numerous falls, afro -ding
ample power for manufacturing lumber without
a waste of water. A V flume to Sacramento is
projected and surveys already commenced . By
this means large amounts of lumber can be
transported cheaply, and the water which con-
veys it be applied to irrigation direotly in the
neighborhood of the city.
It is also proposed to furnish water to Sac-
ramento under pressure. Surveys and esti-
mates for . this project are now in progress.
Sacramento is situated at the head of tide-
water. If furnished with cheap water powar
the city would soon develop a variety of manu-
facturing interests. The California water
company expect to be able to supply the city
with an abundance of water in such a manner
that it may be used for power and not be lost,
but still supply the city in the same manner as
if tbe power had not been used. The benefit
to Sacramento of such an arrangement will of
eourBe be incalculable. The American river
will never answer for this purpose, because it
is too intermittent— in, summer it is thick and
slu2gish, in winter it is unmanageable.
The company also intend to take steps to in-
augurate agricultural prosperity on the divide.
Notwithstanding all that has-been said con-
cerning the advantages and capabilities of the
foothillB, agriculture in the mountains has not
flourished. Notwithstanding the quality of
the fruit raised there,, its abundance with the
aid of a little certain irrigation, established
tests concerning profits on fruits, nuts, grapes,
berries, wine, there is something wanting
which still prevents'-earnest and capable men
of good business capacity from taking hold of
agriculture in the mountains, But give men an
assurance of water to irrigate from ten to foity
acres for every five or six hundred acres of
grazing or vineyard or nut tree land owned —
the means, in short, of carrying on diversified
agriculture, and before many years run by
there will be a reflux of farming population in-
stead of the continued depopulation of the
mountain counties.
It should be understood that the California
water company has only commenced to do that
which is in proce'S of execution, the benefits
from which cannot be anticipated before the
plan on which the organization is based shall
have been further carried out. The company's
business iB already becoming remunerative.
Details of their mining operations, with facts
and figures, wid soon be published in the
Press. The report on the property of this
company, by Amos Bowman, recently issued,
was the most exhaustive report of. the kind
ever published on this coast.
Coppeb. — We learn from Jas. Lewis & Sons
monthly Liverpool report on ores and metals
that the market for copper is dull. During
February the market for Chile bar copper was
even more inanimate than during the previous
month. At present the prices in Liverpool do
not cover the cost of Chile with even a mode-
rate commission. Quotations on the 1st of
March were, bars, £82 to £82 10 s. for good
ordinary brands, and £84, 10 s. for special
brands; ore and regnlus 16 s. to 16 s. 9d per
unit. Stocks of West Coast produce were esti-
mated at 12,838 tons pure against 12,24,2 tons
on 1st ultimo.
The Black Hills.
The " Black Hills excitement" instead of
being on the wane seems to be on the increase
at present, and parties are talking of, going there
from every direction. We notice advertise-
ments in the San Francisco daily papers, by
which it seems an expedition is being formed
here, and similar expeditions are being organ-
ised elsewhere. Beports from the Black Hill
country are however very contradictory and
unsatisfactory, but this only seems to excite the
nomadic miners still more.
Some men have come into Cheyenne bring-
ing rich specimens of placer gold, silver quartz
and plumbago, lead and copper, andglowing re-
ports of the country. They report diggings
worth 15 cents to $1 per pan, plenty of water,
game, timber, etc. These men propose return-
ing to the hills about the middle of April as
well as the company from here.
Notwithstanding the fact that the Govern-
ment has prohibited miners from entering the
reservation there is no doubt that there will
be a big rush there this spring. The following
is General Sherman's order to General Ord:
The President direct? the following to be
made public: All expeditions into that portion
of Indian telritory known as the Black Hills
country, must be prevented so long as the pre-
sent treaty exists. Efforts are now being made
to arrange for the extinguishment of the Indian
title, and all proper means will be made to ac-
i
complish that end. If, however, the steps
which are to be taken toward the opening of
the country to settlement fail, those persons at
present within that Territory must be expelled.
By command of General Sherman.
Wm. D. Whipple, Asst. Adj't.-General.
Itis now stated, however, that theSiouxsare
willing to relinquish their claims to the coun-
try for a consideration because they -know that
the whites will eventually get in there anyhow,
nnd the Indians want to make a treaty with the
Government -before this happens. The Sioux
City Journal of March 20th, states' it has re-
ceived information that President Grant has *
taken deoided steps looking to a speedy open-
ing of the Black Hills; that the secretary oft
War and other members of the Cabinet are >
heartily in sympathy with the movement; that t
the Indians are willing to dispose of their inJ •
terest in that country, and that Mr. Collins, of E
Galena, Ills., an old friend of the President,
has been commissioned by him'to proceed WeBt t
and take to Washington a number of represent-
ative Sioux, to cairy out the desired negotia-
tions. This has not been marie public, though i
s 'me allusion to the matter has ten telegraphed,
so the fact-* will soon be developed, and it is
thought that by the time the companies now
organizing are ready to start, the opposition of (
the Government will be removed.
Itis also stated that' Secretary Delano has i
taken steps to briDg to Washington a delegation i
of the Siouxs for the purpose of negotiating the
extinguishment of their right to the Black Hills
country. Another report IB that the treaty of 1
the United States with the Sioux Indians was i
never ratified by Congress, and would not stand
if tested. It strikes us however, that if this is \
so, and the present were insisted on, it would;
carry on an Indian war with good reason.
The opinion expressed by many, with rela-
tion to the whole Black Hill bnsiness, iB that f
it is fostered find increased by patties interested
in outfitting miners, and carrying oh freight
and other business. Reports are bo very con-
tradictory and vague that it is difficult to jud^e
which are true. It will of course be settled this
spring, however, for some will surely go.
Ihose miners who have now paying claims will
be foolir-h to leave them to go on a "wild goose
chase" to the Black Hills or any other new
country. Still, we do not believe that the Go-
vernment will be able to keep prospectors out
with its whole army. They have been in there
already in spite of all orders to the contrary!
and if they become convinced that the gold is
there, all the proclamations in the world will
not keep them out.
The Shasta Courier speaks very hopefully of
the future of that county. New mines are be-
ing taken up, and the water rights and other
means of making the mineral resources avail-
able are being rendered and put in shape for
future use.
Rtjbbeb Paint. — We gave in our issue of I
February 13th some details of the manufacture'
of rubber paint, by the Pacific Rubber Paint ,
company, whose advertisement will be found
in another column. As the name indicates the']
paint is formed by a chemical combination of t
rubber with oil paints, which is done in such']
a manner that the resuliant compound is fo {
t-lasiie as to preclude the possibility of crack- !
ing, and gives a gloss, like varnished work. [
This paint is now being largely introduced on I
this coast and gives general satisfaction, as
numerous testimonials show. An extensive
factory has been established here, the facilities 1
of which have lately been increased.
United States Mining Laws. — In accord- .
ance with the request of many of our subscrib- (
ers, we pub'ish in this issue of the Pbess, the
United Sta'es mining laws. We give the
United States Mining Law of May 10th, 1872, '
with the instructions of the Commissioner of !
the Land Office; also those parts of U. S. Min- \
ing Law of July 26th. 1866 and July 9th, 1870,
that were not repeal* d by the Act of May 10th, j
1872. We have made notes in .the body of the '
law referring to such amendments as have been J
made since the passage of the Act, and giving
briefly the tenor of the amendment.
March 27, 1875.)
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
201
The Patent Law of the Republic of
Chile.
We publish (he following law for tho benefit
of inventors on this coast and the Atlantic
States. It becomes of more immediate import-
ance lo patentees in view of the approaching
Industrial Exhibition in Chile, which opens in
September next. Further information can be
had on application t<» this office:
"Abt. 1. Tne author or inventor of an art,
manufacture, machine, instrument, preparation
or any improvement upon any Huch tiling, who
nuy wish to enjoy the exclusive proprietorship
of his discovery or invention, granted him by
the 15'2d article of the Constitution, must make
application to the Minister of the Interior,
soliciting a patent which shall secure him such
proprietorship, accompanying his petition with
a faithful, clear and succinct description of his
invention or discovery, together with an affi-
davit that it is his his own discovery or inven-
! Jtion, and that it is unknown in the country;
and he mu->t at the samo time present samples,
or drawings, or models, according to the re-
iqain-niens of the ea^e, to illustrate his claim."
j "Art. 2. Ttio Minuter of tho Interior will
then appoint a commission of one or more ex-
perts to inquire into the matter, and to report
to him as to the originality of the discovery or
invention; requiring such commission to
eweur, in tho presence of the petitioner, to
faithfully execute the inquiry, and during all
the time allowed patent privileges by this law,
to ktcp religiously secret all inform ition eoni-
imonicated to them during the inquiry."
"Abt. 3. Upon the verification of thec'aims
of the petitioner by this commission, the Presi-
dent of the Republic will order a patent issued
to him, giving him the exclusive right in the
oountry of the invention or discovery for a
periud of ten years, the patent being signed by
the President and sealed with the seal of the
Republic."
"Abt. 4. Such patent shall be registered
entire in a book kept for the purpose, in the
office of the Minister of the Interior."
'Abt. 5. Before receiving his patent, the
petitioner will be reqni ed to present a certifi-
cate that he has paid into the Treasury of the
Republic the sum of fifty dollars, and another.
that he has deuo-ited in the Patent Office of
) Ihe country, samples, or drawings, or models,
illustrative of his discovery or invention, to-
gether with a descriptive memorial, signed by
every member or the commission as satisfactory
to them, which memorial shall contain such a
complete, minute and specific account of the
invention or discovery as will distinguish it
from all others known or used before in the
country, and shall indicate the methods and
principles of its application so plainly as to be
understood by any intelligent person, aud serve
as a guide to its construction and use, so that
the public may be benefited by it after the ex-
piration of the term of duration of the pat-
ent.
"He will close and Beal this memorial in the
presence of the commission, and write upon its
envelope the title and object of the patent, af-
firming that he has faithfully complied with the
requirements of this law, and the commission-
ers will subscribe it. During the period of his
patent, the pateutee may inspect this sealed
envelope whenever he pleases, with a view of
iseeing that its seals areas he left them."
"Abt. 8. Inventions, arts, or discoveries,
j known or used 'n other countries, if not known
ior used in Chile, may obtain patents in the
jsamemauner, and under the same conditions,
j as diseovrries or inventions made in the coun-
| try, though for a time not exceeding eight
j years, according to the utility and difficulty of
the enterprise, at the discretion of the Minister
of the Interior. Mere change of form or pro-
j portion of a machine is not patentable."
"Abt. 9. A patent right may be sold or
transferred; but to do so, the patentee must
notily the Minister of the Interior of his wish
to do so, setting forth the reasons for the same.
If those reasons are judged valid, a note of the
fact is made in the register of patents; if riot,
proceedings may be commenced to annul the
patent."
"Abt. 10. Any person other than the pat-
entee, who shall construct patented articles by
the same method which characterizes and con-
stitutes the patent, shall be liable to a fine of
not less than one hundred nor more than one
thousand dollars, shall forfeit all such articles
already made, and all machinery and apparatus
used in making them."
"Abt. II, Any patent obtained by false de-
clarations or statements, as by persons pre-
tending to be the inventors who are not, or
that it is not known or in use in Chile when it
is, Bhall be immediately annulled, and the
patentee charged the costs of the investigation,
and fined not less than one hundred nor more
than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not
less than three months nor more than one
year."
"Art. 13. Patents may be obtained for the
whole Republic, or for one or more depart-
ments."
"Abt. 14. In all cases of granting patents,
a reasonable time will be allowed for the estab-
lishing and putting in working order of the in-
vention or thing patented, after which the time
of the patent privilege will commence."
"Abt, 15. If, at the expiration of the time
allowed for the establishment of the enterprise,
it Bhall not have been so established and set at
work, the patent shall become null and void;
and the same, if, after its establishment, it
shall be abandoned for one year, or if its pro-
ducts become inferior in quality 01 different in
character from the samples or models deposit-
ed in the Patent Office."
"Abt. 10. Nothing in this law shall affect
the existing laws of the Republic, relative to
the rights of miners, or to the copyrights of
authors."
As the present inter- st iu this matter is al-
most t-utirely due to the prospect which the
Exposition offers to inventors and introducers,
we call attention to the fact, that, to protect
their rights under this law, no copying or tak-
ing of drawings of maohinery or other article
on exhibition will bo allowed without author-
ity of its proprietor. Evon the Government
can only take photographic or similar views of
sucburtides.
Gelatine.
The interesting and singular fact appears
that millions of dollars cover the value of the
gelatine industry in this country, and this value
is said to be still greater in Europe. The pur-
est form of commercial gelatine is known as
isinglafs, the beat being prepared from the air-
bladders and sounds of three or four species of
sturgion. These tisanes are cleansed, dried
Frozen Quicksilver.
According to the New Norttwoest there has
been somewhat of cold weather in Montana
this winter. A correspondent of that paper
writes: "Your favor of the 10th ot January is
at baud, and inquiries answered herewith. On
thf evening of January 8th, several persons
being in my store, and the spirit thermometer
registering '35 degrees below,' the remark was
maJe that quicksilver would congeal at 3 de-
grees lower, I requested my clerk, Mr. Stolte,
to thoroughly cleanse a glass tumbler and par-
tially fill it with quicksilver. We then exposed
the glass of mercury and the spirit thermom-
eter on the roof of the flre-proof, on the north
side (. f the store, giving them as nearly equal
exposure as possible. An hour after, the ther-
mometer marked 38 degrees below, but the
quicksilver still remained unchanged. At 9:20
p. m. the thermometer stood 40 degrees below;
still the quicksilver was live, but terribly cold.
At 9:40 p. m. the spirit indicated 41 degrees
below; the quicksilver was hardening on the
outside. A few minutes later the thermom
eter stood 42 degrees below. I picked up the
tumbler of quicksilver, and, to my astonish-
THE "WHOOPING"
and scraped, forming what is termed leaf ising-
lass, or they are twisted into various lorms
called long and short staple, or folded into
packages called book isinglass.
The Russian isinglass has always held the
highest rank in the market, but its manufacture
is very simple. The swimming bladders of the
fish are first placed in hot water, carefully de-
prived of adhering blood, cut opeu longitudin-
ally and exposed to the air, with the inner deli-
cate silvery membrane upward "When dried,
this fine membrane is removed by heating and
rubbing, and the swimming bladder is then
made into the forms desired.
Machinery is employed to cut isinglass into
the delicate filaments in which it is usually
sold. A solid gelatine, in thin plates and
strings, is manufactured in large quantities
in France, to answer the purpose of isinglass.
The best is transparent, and is prepared from
the gelatine of bones by digestion in dilute hy-
drochloric acid and long boiling in water. It is
much cheaper than the first described article,
as well as decidedly inferior. The same may
be said of anoiher variety, known as opaque
gelatine, which is prepared from the cuttings
of skins.
Of all metals known, silver js the best
electrical conductor.
OR SAND-HILL CRANE.
ment, found it completely solidified — as hard
as a rock. I carried it into the Btore, and sev-
eral persons examined it, it remaining in that
condition some time before it showed life.
Hebe aud Thebe. — In New York city we are
told there are thousands of men unemployed,
and that so great is the destitution that the
gangs of men employed on street work are
changed frequently, in order to keep the wolf
from the door of starving families. How differ-
ent this from what is seen in San Francisco and
this State. Our banks are plethoric with money,
the genuine arlicle of silver and gold. Our
mines are turning out gold and bnllion in
quantities such as were never known before.
Our fields are everywhere green and luxuriant
with fruit, grass or grain. Our f-trrus and
mines afford abundant employment for labor at
remunerative prices. The condition of our
savings banks indicates a condition of pros-
perity among depositors which is truly gratify-
ing to record. Our immigration is large and
constantly increasing. Altogether, California
appears to be entering upon a most prosperous
period of her history. Between our valuable
export productions of wheat, wool, wine to-
bacco, cotton and the precious metals, our
sources of wealth are really fabuious.
Whooping Crane.
The whooping crane or sand-hill crane, so
familiar on this coast, breeds from California
northward to the Arctic regions, whence it re-
moves southward early in autumn, and soon
arrives in the regions of the United States, from
North Carolina to Texas, and thence westward
to the Rocky mountains, and remaius through-
out the winter. In the Middle States, east of
the Alleghanies, it is very rarely seen, and
thence eastward to Maine it is unknown, all its
migrations being performed far inland. "While
migrating it travels both by day and night, and
in total disregard of the character of the
weather, its power of flight enabling it to resist
^e force of heavy gales. Thirty or forty form
a flock, which is sometimes arranged in an
acute-angled triangle, sometimes in a long
line, and at others with an extended front, and
sometimes flying in apparent disorder, each
bird sounding his loud note in succession, as
upon all occasions of alarm.
The middle of October or beginning of No-
vember is the period of the arrival of this spe-
cies in the United States, and the end of April
or beginning of May of its departure for the
North. They here frequent the edges of large
ponds supplied with rank herbage, on fields or
savannas, now in swampy woods, and again
on extensive marshes. Tho interior of the
country and the neighborhood of seashores suit
them equally well, so long as the temperature
is sufficiently high. Both the old and the
young may be seen digging through the mud
before the rains have begun to cover the shal-
low ponds. They work assiduously with their
bills, and succeed in uncovering the roots of
the great water-lily, which often run to a depth
of two or three feet. Several cranes operate
at the same root and devour it together when
obtained. They may then be approached
easily and a number killed at a single shot.
When this description of food fails they resort
to the fields, to devour corn, peas, sweet pota-
toes and cotton seeds, and in the wet fields,
seize on water insects, toads and frogs, and
occasionally a mole, a meadow-mouse, or a
*nake, but not upon fish, as is believed. They
feed only during the day.
Though these birds may be easily killed
while intent upon exhuming their food, their
senses of sight and hearing are so acute, and
their wariness is so great, that it requires the
practice of much adroitness to approach them.
1'hey are on the alert the moment a man ap-
pears, though a fourth of a mile distant; and,
if not seen, the snapping of a twig beneath his
feet, or the closing of a gate behind him, is suf-
ficient to challenge their vigilance. They
observe his motions with unerring precision.
Mr. Auduboncays he would as Eoon undertake
Lo catch a deer by fair running as to shoot one
of these cranes which had observed him.
When wounded they are capable of inflicting
severe injury upon an nnwary sportsman. Wil-
son states that one of them has even been
known to drive his bill through a man's hand
at such a time. The young are more numerous
than the old. They are killed both for their
flesh, which many relish, and for their beauti-
ful long feathers, of which fans and fly-brushes
ure sometimes made.
In some regions, these birds leave their feed-
ing grounds an hour before sunset, and silently
repair to the interior of a highland forest,
where six or seven of them alight on the
branches of a lofty tree to roost. Here, after
dressing their feathers for half an hour, they
crouch in the manner of wild turkeys, and
when there is moonlight may then be shot.
In other regions they roost in the midst of tall
grass, cat-tails and other plants, near the marsh-
es, selecting a dry hillock, upon whioh they
stand on one foot, the other being drawn under
the body, while the head is thrust beneath the
broad feathers of the shoulder. In captivity
they become gentle, and feed on grain and
other vegetables, though they are occasionally
mischievous, and wantonly pick and maim
chickens and other poultry. They probably
do not attain thei? full size nor perfect plumage
before they ere four or five years old.
On the Motive Power of Diatoms.
Professor Leidy, in some remarks on the
moving power of diatomB, cesmids, and other
alga% stated that, while the cause of motion re-
mains unknown, some of the uses are obvious.
The power is considerable, and enables these
minute organisms, when mingled with mud,
readily to extricate themselves and rise to the
surlace, where they may receive the influence
of light and air. In examining the surface
mud of a shallow rain water pool, in a recent
excavation in brick clay, he found little else but
an abundance of minute diatoms. ^He was not
sufficiently familiar with the diatoms to name
the species, but it resembled navicula radiosa.
The little diatoms were very active, gliding
hither and thither, and knocking the quartz
and grains about. Noticing the latter, he made
some comparative measurements, and found
that the navieulce would move grains of sand as
much as twenty-five times their own superficial
area, and probably fifty times their own bulk
and weight, or perhaps more.
202
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 27, 1875.,
Li
U. S. . MINING LAWS
Instructions Under the same by the Commissioner of the General
land Office.
[The following, together with blank forms and other pertinent information, will soon be
printed and sold in pamphlet form, at this office. ]
mining Statute of May 10, 1872.
As Act to promote the developmt-nt of the mining resources of the United States.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Souse of Representatives of the United States of America, m
Congress assembled, That all valuable mineral deposits in land belonging to the United States,
both surveyed and UDsurveyed, are hereby declared to be free and open to exploration and pur-
chase, and the lands in which they are found ^occupation and purchase, by the citizens of the
United States, and those who have declared their intention to become such, under regulations
prescribed by law, and according to the local customs or rules of miners, in the several mining
districts, so far as the same are applicable and not inconsistent with the laws of the United
St ates. . .
Sec. 2. That mining claims upon veins or lodes of quartz or other rock in place, bearing
gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other valaable deposits heretofore located, shall be
governed, as to length along the vein or lode, by the customs, regulations, and laws in force at
the date of their location. A mining claim located after the passage of this act, whether located
by one or more persons, may equal, but shall not exceed, one thousand five hundred feet in
length along the vein or lode; but no loc-ition of a miniug claim shall be made until the discov-
ery "of the vein or lode within the limits of the claim located. No claim shall extend more than
three hundred feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, nor shall any claim be
limited, by any mining regulation, to less that twenty-five feet on each side of the middle of the
vain at the surface, except where adverse rights existing at the passage of this act shall render
such limitation necessary. The end lines of each claim shall be parallel to each other.
Sec. 3. That the locators of all miniug locations heretofore made, or which shall hereafter
be made, on any mineral vein, lode, or ledge, situated on the public domain, their heirs and as-
signs, where no adverse claim exists at the passage of this act, so long as they comply with the
laws of the United States and the State, Territorial, and local regulations, not in conflict with
said laws of the United States, governing their possessory title, shall have the exclusive right of
possession and enjoyment of all the surface included within the lines of their location^, and of
all veins, lodes, and ledges, throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of which lies inside
of such suiface lines extended downward vertically, although such veins, lodes, or ledges may
so far depart from a perpendicular in their cours.) downward as to extend outside the veitical
side lines of said surface locations: Provided, that their right of possession to Buch outside
parts of such veins or ledges shall be confined to such portions thereof as lie between vertical,
planes drawn downward as aforesaid, through the end-lines of their locations, so continued in
their own direction that such planes will iniersect such exterior parts of said veins or ledges.
And, provided further, 1 hat nothing in this section shall authorize the locator or possessor of a
vein or lode which extends, in its downward course, beyond the vertical lines of his claim, to
enter upon the surface of a olaim owned or possessed by another.
Sec. 4. That where a tuunel is run for the development of a vein or lode, or fur the dis-
covery of mines, the owners of such tunnel shall have the right of possession of all veins or
lodes within three thousand feet from the face of sufli tunnel, on the line thereof not previously
known to exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same extent as if discovered from the surface;
and locations on the lines of such tunnel of veins or lodes not appearing on the surfaie,
made by other parlies after the commencement of the tnnnel, and while the same is being
prosecuted with reasonable diligence, shall be invalid; but failure to prosecute the work on
the tunnel for six months shall be consideied as an abandonment of the right to all undis-
covered veins on the line of said tunnel.
[Note. — By an Act of CoDgress approved March 1st, 1873, the 5th section of this Act waB amended bo that
the time for the first annual expenditure on olaims located prior to the pa6sage of the Act, was extended to June
10th, 1874. Again on June 6th, 1874, the 5th section of the Act of May 10th, 1872, was amended by*Congress bo
that the time for the first annual expenditure on claims located prior to the passage of said Act, was extended to
January 1st, 1875. By this legislation the requirements of the fifth Bection of the mining Act of May 10, 1872,
and the Amendatory Act of March 1st, 1873, were changed by extending the time for the first annual expenditure
upon claims located prior to May 10th, 1872, to the 1st day of January, 1875. The requirement in regard to ex-
penditures located since May 10th, 1872, were in no way changed by these amendatory acts.— Enrroas.]
Seo. 5. That the miners of each mining district may make rules and regulations, not in
conflict with the laws of the Unfted States, or with the laws of the State or Territory in
which the district is situated, governing the location, manner of recording, amount of work
necessary to hold possession of a mining claim, subject to the following requirements: The
location must be distinctly marked on the ground so that its boundaries can be readily
traced. All records of mining claims hereafter made shall contain the^ name or names of
the locators, the date of the location, and such a description of the claim or claims, located
by reference to some natural object or permanent monument, as will identify the claim.
On each claim located after the passage of this aot, and until a patent shall have been is-
sued therelor, not less than one hundred dollars worth of labor shall be performed, or im-
provements made during each year. On all claims located prior to the passage of this act,
ten dollars worth of labor shall be performed or improvements made each year for each one
hundred feet in length along the vein, until a patent shall have been issued therefor; but
where such claims are held in common, such expenditure may be made upon any one claim;
and upon a failure to comply with these conditions, the claim or mine upon which such
failure occurred shall be opened to relocation in the same manner as if no location of the
same had ever been made: Provided, that the original locators, their heirs, assigns, or legal
representatives, have not resumed work upon the claim after such failure and before such
location. Upon tho failure of any one of several co-owners to contribute his proportion of
the expenditures required by this act the co-owners who have performed the labor or made
the improvements may, at the expiration of the year, give such delinquent co-owner perso-
nal notice in writing, or notice by publication in the newspaper published nearest the claim,
for at least once a week for ninety days, and if, at the expiration of ninety days after such
notice in writing or by publication, such delinquent should fail or refuse to contribute his pro-
portion to comply with this act, his interest in the claim shall become the property of his co-
owners who have made the required expenditures.
Seo. 6. That a patent for any land claimed and located for valuable deposits, may be ob-
tained in the following manner: Any person, association, or corporation, authorized to locate
a claim under this act, having claimed, and located a piece of land for such purposes, who has,
or have, complied with the terms of this act, may file in the proper land office an application for
a patent, under oath, showing such compliance, together with a plat and field notes of the claim
or claims in common, made by or under the direction of the United States Surveyor-general,
showing accurately the bonudaries of the claim or claims, which shall be distinctly marked by
monuments on the grounds, and shall post a copy of such plat, together with a notice of such
application for a patent, in a conspicuous place on the land embraced in such plat, previous to
the filing of the application for a patent, and shall file an affidavit of at least two persons, that
such notice has been duly posted as aforesaid, and shall file a copy of said notice in Buch land
office, and shall thereupon be entitled to a patent for said land in the manner following: The
Register of the land office, upon the filing of sucu application, plat, and field-notes notices,
and affidavits, shall publish a notice that such application has been made, for the period of sixty
days, in a newspaper to be by him designaled as published nearest to said claim; and he shall
also post such notice iu bis office for the same period. The claimant, at the time of fiiing his
application, or at any time thereafter, within the Bixty days of publication, shall file wiih the
Register a Certificate of the United States Surveyor-general that five hundred dollars wonh of
labor has been expended, or improvements made upon the claim by himself or grantors; that
the plat is correct, with such further description by such reference to natural objects or perma
nent monuments as shall identify the claim, and furnish an accurate description to be incorpor-
ated in tbe patent. At the expiration of the sixty days of publication, the claimant shall file
his affidavit, showing that the plat and notice have been posted in a conspicuous place on the
claim during said period of publication. If no adverse claim shall have b*en filed with ihe
Register and the Receiver of the proper land office at the expiration of the sixty days of publi-
cation, it shall be ftSsumed that the applicant is entitled to a patent, upon the payment to the
proper officer of five dollars per aire, and that no adverse claim exists, and thereafter no objec-
tion from third parties lo the issuance of a patent shall be heard, except it be shown that the
aipiicant bus fulled to comply with this act.
Sec. 7. That wLere an adverse claim shall be filed during the period of publication, it
shall be upon oath of the peison or persons making the same, and shall 6how the nature, boun-
Mi
s
'In
daries, and extent of such adverse claim ; and all proceedings, except the publication of notice, |
and making and filing of the affidavit thereof, shall be stayed until the controversy shall have
been settled or decided by a Court of competent jurisdiction, or the adverse claim waived. If
shall be the duty of the adverse claimant, within thirty days after filing his claim, to commence
proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction, to determine the question of the right of pos-
session, and prosecute the same with reasonable diligence to final judgment; and a failure to do
so shall be a waiver of his adverse claim. After such judgment fchall have been rendered, the
party entitled to the possession of the claim, or any portion thereof, may, without giving fur-
ther notice, file a certified copy of the judgment-roll with the Register of the land office, to-,
gether with the certificate of the Surveyor- general that the requisite amount of labor has beeni
expended, or improvements made thereon, and the description required in other cases, and shall j
pay to the Receiver five dollars per acre for his claim, together with the proper fees, whereupon i
the whole proceedings and the judgment-roll shall be certified by the Register to the Commis-
sioner of the General Land Office, and a patent shall issue thereon for the claim, or such por-
tion thereof as the ap'plicant shall appear, from the decision of the court, to rightly possess. If .
it shall appear, from the decision of the court, that several parties are entitled to separate I
and different portions of the claim, each party may pay for his portion of the claim, with I
the proper fees, and file the certificate aud description by the Surveyor-general, whereupon the •
Register shall certify the proceedings and judgment-roll to the Commissioner of the General)
Land Office, as in the preceding case, and patents shall issue to the several pat tieB according to
their respective rights. Proofs of citizenship under this act, or the acts ot July twenty-sixth,
eighteen hundred and sixty-six, and July ninth, eighteen hundred and seventy, in the case of an
individual, may consist of his own affidavit thereof; and, in case of an association of persona
unincorporated, of the affidavit of their authorized agent, made on his own knowledge, or upon
information and belief, and in case of a corporation organized under the laws of the United
States, or of any Stale or Territory of the United Statts, by the filing of a certified copy of) JJJ
their charter or certificate of incorporation; aud nothing herein contained shall be construed
to prevent the alieuation of the title conveyed by a patent for a mining claim to any person
whatever.
Sec. 8. That the description of vein or lode claims, upon surveyed lands, shall designate
the location of the claim with reference to the lines of the public surveys, but need not conform l
therewith; but where a patent shall be issued as aforesaid, for olaims upon unsurveyed lands, J
the Surveyor-gent ral, in extending the surveys, shall adjust the tame to the boundaries of such I .'
patented claim, according to the plat or description thereof, but so as in no case to interfere
with or change the location of any such patented c'aim.
Sec. 9. That sections one, two, three, four and six of an aot entitled "An Act granting the J
right of way to ditch and canal owners over the public lands, and for other purposes, "approved jj
Jnly twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, are hereby repealed, but such repeal shall
not aff-ct existing rights. Applications for patents for mining claims now pending may be pros-
ecuted to a find decision in the General Land Office; but in such cases, where adverse rights
are not affected thereby, pateuts may issue in pursuance of the provisions of this act; and all
patents for mining claims heretofore issued under the act of July twenty-sixth, eighteen hun-^
dred and sixty-six, shall convey all the rights and privileges conferred by this act, where no ad-
v-eise rights exist at the time of the passage of this act.
Sec. 10. That the act entitled "An Act to ameud an act granting the right of way to ditch ZjL
and canal owners over the public lands, and for other purposes," approved July ninth, eighteen { m
hundred aud seventy, shall be and remain in full force, except as to tue proceedings to obtain a ,
patent, which shall be similar to the proceedings prescribed by sections six and seven of this act , ]
for obtaining patents to vein or lode claims. But where paid placer claims shall be upon sur-
veyed hind", and conform to legal subdivision, no further survey or plat shall be required, and'
all placer mining claims hereafter located sbail conform as near a-J practicable with the United
States system of public laud surveys and the rectangular subdivisions of such surveys, and no:
such location shall include more than twenty acres for each individual claimant; but where
placer claims can Dot be conformed to legal subdivisions, survey and plat shall be made as on
unsurveyed lauds; Provided, That proceedings now pending maybe prosecuted to their final de-
termination under existing laws; but the provisions of this act, when 40 1 in conflict with exist-'
ing laws, shall apply to such cases; And, provided also, That where, by the wegregation of
mineral land in any legal subdivisions, a quantity of agricultural land less than forty acres re-
mains, said fractional portion of agricultural land maybe entered by any party qualified by law,
for homestead or pre-emption purposes.
Sec. 11. That where the same person, association, or corporation, is in possession of a
placer ehvm, and aUo a vein or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall
be made for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode,
and iu such case (subject to the provisions of this act and the aot entitled "An Act to amend an
act granting the right of way to ditch aud canal owners over the public lands, and for other
purposes," approved July ninth, eighteen hundred and seventy) a patent shall issue for tbe
placer claim, including such vein or lode, upon the payment of five dollars per acre for such:
vein or lode claim, and twenty-five feet of surface on each side thereof. The remainder of the
placer claim, or any placer claim not embracing any vein or lode claim, shall be paid for at the
rate of two dollars and fifty cents per acre, together with all costs of proceeding; and where a
vein or lode, such as is described in the second section of this act, is known to exist with-
in the boundaries of a placpr claim, an application for a patent for such placer claim, which
does not include an application for the vein or lode claim, shall be construed as a conclu-
sive declaration that the claimant of the placer claim has no right of possession of the
vein or lode claim; but where the existence of a vein or a lode in a placer claim is not
known, a patent for the placer claim shall convey all valuable mineral and other deposits
within the boundaries thereof.
Seo. 12. That the Surveyor-gBneral of the United States may appoint, in each land
district containing mineral lands, as many competent surveyors as shall apply for appoint-
ment to survey mining claims. The expenses of the survey of vein or lode claims, and the
survey and subdivision of placer claims into smaller quantities than one hundred and sixty
acres, together with the cost of publication of notices, shall be paid by the appli-
cants, and they shall be at liberty to obtain the same at the most reasonable rates, and
they shall also be at liberty to employ any United States Deputy Surveyor to make the
survey. The Commissioner of the General Land Office shall also have power to establish
the maximum charges for surveys and publication of notices under this act; and, in case of
excessive charges for publication, he may designate any newspaper published in a land dis-
trict where mines are situated, for the publication of mining notices in such district, and
fix the rates to be charged by such paper; and to the end that the Commissioner may be
folly informed on the subject, each applicant shall file with the Register a sworn statement
of all charges and the fees paid by said applicant for publication and survey, together with
all fees and money paid the Register and the Receiver of the Land office, which statement
shall be transmitted, with the other papers in the case, to the Commissioner of the General
Land Office. The fees of the Register and the Receiver shall be five dollars each for filing
and acting upon each application for patent or adverse claim filed, and they shall be allowed
the amount fixed by law for reducing testimony to writing—when done in the Land Office,
such fees and allowances to be paid by the respective parties— and no other fees shall be
charged by them in such cases. Nothing in this act shall be construed to enlarge or affect the
rights of either party in regard to any property in controversy at the time of the passage of
this act, or of the act entitled "An Act granting the right of way to ditch and canal
owners over the publio lands, and for other purposes," approved July twenty-sixth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-six; nor shall this act affect any right acquired under Bflid act; and nothing
in this act shall be construed to repeal, impair, or in any way affect the provisions of the act
entitled "An Act granting to A. Sutro the right of way and other privileges to aid in the con-
struction of a draining and exploring tunnel to the Comstock lode, in the State of Nevada,"
approved July twenty-fifth, eighteen hnndred and sixty 6ix.
Sec 13. That all affidavits required to be made und.r this act, or the act of which it
amendatory, may be verified before any officer authorized to adminieter oaths within the land
district where the claims may be situated, and all testimony and proofs may be taken before
any such officer, and, when duly certified by the officer taking the same, shall have the same
force and effect as if taken before the Register and Receiver of the Land Office. In cases of con-
test as to the mineral or agricultural character of land, the testimony aDd proofs may be taken
as herein provided, on personal notice of at least ten days, to tbe opposing party; or if said
party cannot be found, then by publication of at least nnce a week for thirty days in a news-
paper, to be designated by the Register of the Land Office as published nearest to the location
of such land; and the Rcgister shall require proof that such notice haB been given
Sec. 14. That where two or more veins intersect or cross each other, priority of title shall
govern, and such prior location shf.ll be entitled to all ore or mineral contained within the
space of intersection; Provided, however, That the subsequent location shall have the right of
way through said space of intersection for the purpose of the convenient working of the said
mine; And, provided, also, That where two or more veins unite, the oldest or prior location
shall take the vein below the point of nnion including all the space of intersection.
Sec. 15. That where non-mineral land, not contiguous to the vein or lode, is used or occu-
pied by the proprietor of such vein or lode for mining or mil'iug purposes, such non-arijacent
surface-ground may be embraced and included in an application for a patent for such vein or
lode, and the same may be patented therewith, subj ct to the same preliminary reqniremems as
to survey and notice as are applicable under this act to veins or lodes; Provided, That no loca-
tion hereafter made of such non-adjacent land shall exoeed five acres, and payment for the same
\
Aarch 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
203
ant be made at the same rate as fixed by this act for the superfices of the lode. The owner of
qirtrtz mill or redaction works, not owning a mine in connection therewith, may alao receive
patent for his mill-site aa provided in thU section.
Sec. 16. That all acts anil parte of nets inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed; Pro-
ded, that nothing contained in this act shall be construed to impair, in any way, rights or in
treste in mining properly acquired under existing laws.
Approved May lu, 1872.
Instructions of the Commissioner.
ti,
Mineral Lauds Open to Exploration, Occupation, and
Purchase.
Fir-t. It will be perceived that the first section of said aot leaves the mineral lands in the
bri.- domain, flnrveyed or unsnrveyed, open to exploration, occupation, and purchase, by all
tizeiiti o( the United States, aud all those who hive declared their intention to become such.
Status of Lode Claims Previously Located.
Second. By on examination of the several sections of the forgoing act, it will be seen that
e hiatus of lode claims located previous to the djte thereof, is not changed I witb regard to (heir
tent uloug the lode or width of surface, Buch claims being r< stricted aud governed both as to
eir lateral and linear extent, by the Stale, Territorial, or local laws, customs, or regulations
bieh were in force in the respective districts at the date of such locations,' in so tar as the
me did not conflict with the limitations fixed by the miniug st itute of July 26 186(3 (14
at., 251.) ' v
'1'bird. Mining rights acquired under such previous locations, are, however, enlarged by
id net of May 10, 1,872, in the following reapeot, viz: The locators of all such previously takeu
in* or lodes, their b-irs and assigns, so Jong as they comply with the laws of Congress aod
ith State, Territorial, or local regulations not in conflict therewiib, governing mining claims
einvebted by saidac: with the txclusive possessory. right of all the surface included within
e lines of their locations, and of all veins, lodes, or ledges, throughout their entire depth
e top or apex of wbieh lies inside of such surface lines extended "downward vertically al-
ongh such veins, lodes, or ledger, may so far depart from a perpendicular in their course
iwuward as to extend outside the vertical side lines of such locations at the surface.it being
tpressly Drovided, however, that the richt of possession to such outside parts of said' veins or
dges shall be confined to su h portions thereof as lie between vertical planes drawn downward
aforesaid, through the end lines of their locations, so continued in their own direction that
ch planes will intersect such exterior parts of snch veins, lodes, or ledges; no right bein<*
anted, however, to the claimant of such outside portion of a vein or ledge, to enter upon the
rface locution of another claimant.
Fourth. It is to be distinctly understood, however, that the law limits the possessory
(ht to veins, lodes, or ledges, other than the one named in the original location to such as
jrenot adversely claimed at the duto of said act of May 10, 1872, and that where such other
nn or ledge was so adversely claimed at that date, the right of the party so adversely claiming
in no way impaired by said act.
Fifth. From and after the date of said act of Congress, in order to hold the possessory
to a mining claim previously located and for which a patent has not been issued, the law
quires that ten dollars shall be expended annually in labor or improvements on each
aim of one hundred feet on the course of the vein or lode, until a patent shall have been is-
ted therefor; but where a number of such claims are held in common upon the same vein or
de, the aggregate expenditure that would be necessary to hold all the cl urns, at the rate of ten
illarsper hundred feet, may be made upon any one claim; a failure" to comply with this re-
tirement in any one year, subjecting the claim unon which snch failure occurred to relocation
-other parties, the same as if no previous location thereof had ever been made, unless the
aimants under the original location Bhall have resumed work thereon, afier Buch failure and
sfore such relocation.
Sixth. Upon the failure of any one of several co-owners of a vein, lode, or led^e, which
s not been patented, to contribute his proportion of the expenditures necessary to" hold the
aim or claims bo held in ownership in common, the co-owners who have performed the labor
•made the improvements as required by said act, may at the expiration of the year, give such
u!1*1?6?1 co'owner Personal notice in writing or by notice by publication in the newspaper
■»ibli8hed nearest the ciaim, for at least once a week for ninety d i\s; aud if, upon the expira-
nof ninety days after such notice in writing, or upon the expiration of one huodred and
jhty days after the first newspaper publication of notice, the delinquent co-owner shall have
ded to contribute his proportion to meet such expenditure or improvements, his interest in the
aim by law paBses to his co-owners, who have made the expenditures or improvements as
Patents for Veins or Lodes Heretofore Issued.
Seventh. Rights under patents for veins or lodes heretofore granted under previous legis-
Ew-?, V011^639.' are enliirged by thjs act, bo as to invest the patentee, his heirs or asBigns
Ifith title to all veins, lodes, or ledges throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of which
Ifes within the end and side boundary lines of his claim on the surface as patented, extended
Ibwnward vertically, although such veins, lodes, or ledges may so far depart from a perpendic-
Uar m their course downward as to extend outside the vertical side-lines of the claim at the sur-
\lt S? "8 i. P0S9es9lou to such outside parts of such veins or ledges to be confined to
ftch portions thereof as he between vertical planes drawn downward through the end-lines of
Be claim at the surface, so continued in their own direction that Buch planes will intersect such
Ittenor parts of such veins or ledges, it being expressly provided, however, that all veins, lodes,
I it \ top or apex of which lies inside such surface locations, other than the one named
lb the patent, which were adversely claimed at the date of said act, are excluded from such con-
teyauce by patent.
It i?lShth' £PPlications f°r patents for mining claims pending at the date of the act of May
W, i«/A may be prosecuted to final decision in the General Land office, and where no adverse
lights are affected thereby, patents will be issued, in pursuance of the provisions of said acts.
Mfanner of Locating Claims on Veins or Lodes After the
Passage of the Act of May 10, 1872.
I, Ninth. From and after date of said act, any person who is a citizen of the United States
t wno has declared his intention to become a citizen may locate, record and hold a mining
: aim ot ntteen hundred linear feet along the course of any mineral vein or lode subject to loca-
.?' °Xf a" aSSOu i*11 ,, Peraon3> severally qualified as above, may make joint location of such
►laun ot fifteen hundred feet, but in no event can a location of a vein or lode made subsequent
j>tue act exceed fifteen hundred feet along the course thereof whatever may be the number of
[jersons composing the association.
L f?euth' ^U1J reg?'.d t0 the extent of surface ground adjoining a vein or lode, and claimed
m the convenient working thereof, the act provides that tbe lateral extent of locations of veins
fln^'s made alter its passage shall in no case exceed three hundred feet on each side of the
t«?in««, 2? Tem i th? sur[ace> a"<* that no such surface rights sha'l be limited by any mining
K? f T ° a88 tha* ^enty-five feet on each side of the midd e of the vein at the surface,
f» f«7r a?ver3friekts existing at the date of said act may render such limitation necessary
fe e°d-lmes of such claims to he in all cases parallel to each other.
1 Eleventh. By tho foregoing it will be perceived that no lode claim located after the date of
Ct wi i 5ftn GXCT a Parallel°S1,am fifteen hundred feet in length by six hundred feet in width,
I ?„il vhet*ev s™&™&'°™a of thafcwidthcanbetaken, depends upon the local regulations or
; CI! cw n llH.YB^n,forceilltheseveral mining districts; and that no such local regula-
i«rf« « °r I®*11*0"*1 law8 shall limit a vein or lode claim to less than fifteen hundred feet
2h? ifev°"fS? foe™0*' whether the location is made by one or more persons, nor can surface
fvi I? li™ d-*2 eSS tbi\n fiffcy feet in width' ymlesa adverse claims existing on the tenth day
v 7' h8/2' render such lftteral limitation neceBsary.
wnir }■ 1H Pr°7lded iQ said a^t that the miners of each district may make rules and
-gulations not in conflict with the laws of the United States, or of the State or Territory in
which such districts are respectively situated, governing tbe location, manner of recording, and
amount of work necessary to ho'd posseB-uon of a claim. It likewise requires that the location
must bo bo distinctly marked on the ground that its boundaries may be readily traced. This is
a very important matter, and locators cannot exorcise too much cure in defining tbeir locations
at the outset, inasmuch as the law requires that all records of mining locations made subsequent
tc its passage, shall contain the name or names of the locators, the date of the location, and
euch a description of the claim or claims located, by reference to Borne natural object or perma-
nent monument, as will identify the claim.
Thirteenth. The said act requires that no lode-claim can be recorded until after the dis-
covery of a vein or lode within the limits of the ground claimed; the object of which provision
fc evidently to prevent the encumbering of the district mining records with useless locations be-
fore sufficient work has been done thereon to determine whether a vein or lode has really been
discovered or not
Fourteenth. The claimant should therefore, prior to recording bis claim, unless the vein
can be traced upon the surface, sink a shaft, or run a tunnel or drift, to a sufficient depth therein
to discover and develop a mineral-bearing vein, lode, or crevice; should determine, if possible,
the general course of such vein in either direction from the point of discovery, by which
direction he will be governed in making the boundaries of his claim on the sti'face, and should
give the course and distance as nearly as practical! e from the discovery-shaft on the claim, to
some permanent well-known points or objects, Ruch, for instance, as stone monuments, blazed
trees, the confluence of st roams, point of intersection of well-known gulches, ravines, or roads,
prominent buttes, hills, ic, which may be in the immediate vicinity, and which will serve to
perpetuate and fix the locus of the c'aini and render it susceptible of identification from the de-
scription thereof given in the record of locations in the district.
Filtecnth In additition to tbe foregoing data, the claimant should state the names of ad-
joining claims, or if none adjoin, the r< lative positions of the nearest claims; should drive a
post or erect a monument of stones at each comer of his suiface-grouud, and at the point of
discovery or discovery-shaft, should fix a post, stake, or board, upon which should be designated
the name of the lode, the name or names of the locators, the number of feet claimed, and in
wbieh direction from the point of discovery; it being essential that the location notice filed for
word, in addition to the foregoiuy description, should slate whether the entire claim of fifteen
hundred feet is taken on one side of the point of discovery, or whether it is part y upon one
and partly upon the other side thereof, and in the latter case, how many feet ate ciaimed upon
each side of snch discovery-point.
Sixteenth. "Wit' in a reasonable time, say twenty days after the location Bhall have been
marked on the ground, notice thereof, accurately describing the claim in manner aforesaid,
shonid be filed for record wilh the proper Recorder of the district, who will thereupon issue the
usual certify ate of location.
Seventeenth. In order to hold the possessory right to a claim of fifteen hundred* feet of a
vein or lode located as aforesaid, the act requires that until a patent shall have been issued
therefor, not less than one bundled do'las worth of labor shall be performed or imp ovements
made thereon during each year, in default of whiah the cairn will be subject to relocation by
any other party having the necessary qualifications, unless the original locator his heirs, assigns,
or legal representatives, have resumed work thereon after such failure and before such re-
location.
Eighteenth. The importance of attending to these details in the matter of location, labor,
and expenditure will be the more readilv perceived when it is understood that a failure to give
the subject proper attention, may invalidate the claim.
Tunnel Rights.
Nineteenth, The fourth section of the act provides that where a tunnel is run for tbe de-
velopment of a vein or lode, or for the discovery of mines, the owners of Buch tunnel shall have
the rignt of possession of all veins or lodes within three thousand feet from tbe face of such
tunnel on tbe line thereof, not previously known to exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same
extent as if discovered from the surface; and locations on the line of such tunnel of veins or
lodes not appearing on tbe surface, made by other partien after the commencement of tbe tunnel,
and while the same is being prosecuted witb reasonable diligence, shall be invalid, but failure to
prosecute the work on the tunnel for six months shall be considered as an abandonment of the
right to all undiscovered veins or lodes on the line of said tunnel.
Twentieth. The effect of this section is simply to give the proprietors of a mining tunnel,
run in good faith, tbe possessory right to fifteen hundred feet of any blind lodes cut, discov-
ered, or intersected by such tunnel, which were not previously known to exist, within three
thousand feet from the face or point of commencement of such tunnel, and to prohibit other
parties, after the commencement of tbe tunnel, from prospecting for and making location of
lodes on the line thereof, and within said distance of three thousand feet, unless such lodes ap-
pear upon the surface, or were previously known to exist.
Twenty-first. Tbe term "face," as used in said section, is construed and held to mean the
first working face formed in the tunnel, and to signify tbe point at which the tunnel actually en-
ters cover, it being from this point that the three thousand feet are to be counted, upon which
prospecting is prohibited as aforesaid.
Twenty-second. To avail themselves of the benefits of this provision of law, the proprie-
tors of a mining tunnel will be required, at the time they enter cover as aforesaid, to give proper
notice of their tunnel location, by erecting a substantial post, board, or monument, at the face
or point of commencement thereof, upon which there should be posted a good and sufficient no-
tice, giving the names of the parties or company claiming the tunnel right; the actual or pro-
posed course or direction of the tunnel; the height and width thereof, and the course and dis-
tance from such face or point of commencement to some permanent well-known objects in the
vicinity by which to fix and determine the locus in manner heretofore set forth applicable to lo-
cations of veins or lodes, and at tbe time of posting such notice they shall, in order that miners
or prospectors may be enabled to determine whether or not they are within tbe lines of the tun-
nel, establish the boundary lines thereof by stakes or monuments placed along such lines at
proper intervals, to the terminus of the three thousand feet from the face or point of commence-
ment of the tunnel; and tbe lines so marked will define and govern as to the specific boundaries
within which prospecting for lodes not previously known to exist, is prohibited while work on
the tunnel is being prosecuted with reasonable diligence.
Twenty-three. At the time of posting notice and marking out the lines of the tunnel as
aforesaid, a full and correct copy of such notice of location, defining the tuDnel claim, must be
filed for record with the Mining Recorder of the disttict.to which notice must be attached the sworn
statement or declaration of the owners, claimants, or projectors of such tunnel, setting forth the
facts in tbe case; stating the amount expended by themselves and their predecessors in -interest
iu prosecuting work thereon; tbe extent of the wopk performed, and that it is bona fide tbeir in-
tention to prosecute work on the tunnel so located and described with reasonable diligence, for
the development, of a vein or lode, or for tbe discovery of mines, or both, as tbe case may be.
Twenty-four. This notice of location must be duly recorded, and with the said sworn state-
ment attached, kept on the recorder's files for future reference.
Twenty-fifth. By a compliance with the foregoing, much needless difficulty will be avoided,
and the way for the adjustment of legal rights acquired in virtue of said fourth section of the
at will be made much more easy and certain.
Twenty-sixth. This office will take particular care that no improper advantage is taken of
this provision of law by parties making, ur professing to make tunnel locations, ostensibly for
the purposes named in tbe statute, but really for the purpose of monopolizing the lands lying
in front of their tunnels to the detriment of tbe mining interests, and to the exclusion of bona
fide prospectors or miners; but will hold such tunnel claimants to a strict com) liauce with the
terns of the act; and as reasonahle diligence on their pait in prosecuting tbe work is one of the
essential conditions of their implied contract, negligence or want' of due diligence will be con-
strued as working a forfeiture of their right to all undiscovered veins on tbe line of such tunnel.
Manner of Proceeding; to Obtain Government Title to Vein
or Lode Claim.
Twenty-seventh. By tho sixth section of said act, authority is given for granting title for
miues by patent f-om the government, to any person, association, or corporation having the
necessary qualifications as to citizeusbip and nolding the right of possession to a claim in com-
pliance with law.
Twenty-eighth. Tbe claimant is required in the first place to have a correct survey of his
claim made under authority of tbe Surveyor-general of the State or Territory in which tbe
claim lies ; such survey to show with accuracy the exterior surface boundaries of tbe claim,
which b mndaries are required to be distinctly maked by monuments on the ground.
Twenty-ninth. The claimant is then required to pist a copy of tbe plat of such survey in
a conspicuous place upon tne claim, t jgether with notice of his intention to apply fur a patent
therefor, which notice will give the date of posting, tbe name of the claimant, the name of the
claim, mine, or lode; the miuiug district and county; whether the location is of record, and if
so where the record may be found; the number of feet claimed along the vein, and the presumed
direction thereof; the number of feet claimed on the lode in each direction from the point of
discovery, or other well-defined place on the claim; the name or names of adjoining claimants
on the same or other lodes; or if none adjoin, the names of the nearest claims, etc.
204
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[March 27,- T875
Thirtieth. After posting the said plat and notice upon theprem'ses, the claimant will file with
the proper Register and Eectiver a copy of such plat, and the field notes of survey of the claim,
accompanied by tbe affidavit of at least two credible witnesses, that such plat aad notice are
posted corspicnonsly upon the claim, giving the date and phve of such posting; a copy of the
notice so posted to be attached to. and form a part of, said affidavit.
Thirty-firtt. Attached to the field notes so filed most be the sworn statement of the claim-
ant ttat he has tbe pcssessory right to tbe premises therein; described, ia virtue cf a compliance
by himself (and by his grat-tors, if he claims by purchasr) with the mining rules, regulations,
and customs of the miniDg district, State, or Territory, in which the claim liesv and with the
mining laws of Congress; such sworn statement to narrate briefly, but as clearly as possible,
the facts constituting such compliance, the origin of his possession, and the basis of his claim
to a patent.
Thirty-second. This affidavit should be supported by appropriate evidence from the Hie-
ing Becorder's office, as to his possessory righr, as follows, viz: Where he claims to be a loca-
tor, a faU, trap, and correct copy of snch location should be furnished, as the same appears
upon the mining records; such copy to be attested by the seal of the Keeorder, or if he has no
seal, tnen he should make oath to the same being correct, as shown by his records; where the
applicant claims as a locator in company with others, who have since conveyed their interests in
the lode to him, a copy of the original record of location should be filed, together with an ab-
stract of title from the proper Keeorder, under seal or oath as aforesaid, tracing the co-locator's
possessory rights in the claim to such applicant for patent: where the applicant claims only as a
purchaser for valuable consideration, a copy of the location record must be filed, under seal or
upon oath es aforesaid, with an abstract cf title eeriified as above by the proper Recorder, trac-
ing the right of pessession by a coniinnoits chain of conveyances from the original locators to
the applicant.
Thirty third. In the event of the mining records in any case having teen destroyed by fire,
or otherwise lost, affidavit of the fact should be made, and secondary evidence of pcssessory
title will be received, which may consist cf the affidavit of the claimant, supported by those of
any other parties cognizant of the facts relative to his location, occupancy, possession, improve-
ments, etc.; and in such case of lost records, any deeds, certificates of location or purchase, or
other evidence which may be in the claimant's possession, and tend to establish his claim,
should be filed.
Thirty-fourth. Upon the receipt of these papers, the Register will at the expense of the
claimant, publish a notice of such application for the period of sixty days, in a newspaper pub-
lished nearest to the claim, and will post a copy of such notice in bis office for the same perioi.
Thirty-fifth. Tbe notices so published and posted must be as full and comple'e as possible,
and embrace all the data given in the notice posted upon the claim.
Thirty-sixth. Too much care cannot be exercised in the preparation of these notices, inas-
much as upon their accuracy and completeness, will depend, in a great measure, tbe regularity,
and validity of the whole proceedirg.
Thirty-seventh. The claimant, either at the time of filing these papers with the Register,
or at any time during the sixty days publication, is required to file a certificate of the Surveyor-
general that not le»s than five hundred dollars worth of labor has been expended or improve-
ments made upon the claim by the applicant or his grantors; that the plat filed by the claimant
is correct; that the field notes of the survey, as filed, furnish such an accurate description of
the claim, as will, if incorporated into a patent, serve to fully ideotify the premises, and that
such reference is made therein to ratnral objects or permanent monuments, as will perpetuate
and fix the locus thereof.
Thir;y-eighth. It wiJl be tbe more convenient way to have this certificate indorsed by the
Surveyor-gent ral, bcth upon the plat and field notes of survey filed by the claimant as aforesaid.
Thiriy-Dintb. After the sixty days period of newspaper public ition has expired the claim-
ant will file his affidavit, showing that the plat and notice aforesaid remained conspicuously
posted upon the claim sooght to be patented during said sixty days publication.
Fortieth. Upon the fiticg of this affidavit the Register will, if no adverse claim was filed
in his office during the period of publication, permit the claimant to pay for the lind accordirg
to the area given in the plat and field-notes of survey aforesaid, at the rate of five dollars for
each acre and five dollars for each fractional part of an acre, the receiver issuing the usual dup-
licate receipt therefor; after which the whole matter will be forwarded to the Commissioner of the
General Land Office and a patent issued thereon if found regular.
Fory-firsr. In sending up the the papers in the case the register must not omit certifying
to the fact that the notice was posted in his office for the full period of sixty days, such cerLifi-
cate to state distinctly when such posting was done and how long continued.
Forty-second. The consecutive series of numbers of mineral entries must be continued,
whether the s^me are of lede or placer claims.
Fcrty-Third. The Surveyor-general must continue to designate all surveyed mineral claims
as heretofore by a progressive series of numbers, beginning with lot No. 37 in each township;
the claim to be so designated at date of filing the plat, field-notes, etc.. in addition to the local
designation of the claim; it being required in all cases that the plat and field notes of the sur-
vey of a claim must, in addition to the reference to permanent objects in the neighborhood, de-
scribe the focus of the claim with reference to the lines of public surveys by a line connecting a
corner of the claim with the nearest public corner of the United States surveys, unless such
claim be" on unsurveyed lands at a remote distance from such public corner: in which latter ca*e
the reference by course and distance to permanent objects in the neighborhood will be a suffi-
cient designation by which to fix the locus until the public surveys shall have been closed upon
its boundaries.
Adverse Claims.
Forty-fourth. The seventh section of the act provides for adverse claims; fixes the time
within which they shall be filed to have legal effect, and prescribes the manner of their ad
justment.
Forty fifth. Said section requires that the adverse claim shall be filed during the period of
publication of notice: that it must be on the oath of the adverse claimant; and that it must
show the "nature," the "boundaries" and the "extent*" of the adverse claim.
Forty-sixth. In order that this section of law may be properly carried into effect, the fol-
lowing is communicated for the information of all concerned.
Forty-seventh. An adverse mining ciaim must be be filed with the Register of the same
land office with whom the appb'cation for patent was filed, or in his ab ence with the Receiver,
and within the sixty days' period of newspaper publication of notice.
Forty-eighth. The adverse notice must be duly sworn to before an officer authorized to ad-
minister oaths within the land district, or before the Register and Receiver; it will fully set
forth the nature and extent of the interference or conflict; whether the adverse party claims as a
purchaser for valuable consider* ion or as a locator; if the former, the original conveyance, or
a duly certified copy thereof, should be furnished, or if the transaction was a mere verbal one
he will narrate the circumstances attending tbe purchase, the date thereof and the amount paid,
which facts should be sap-ported by the affidavit of one or more witnesses, if any were present
at the time, and if he claims as a locator he must file a duly certified copv of the location from
the office of the proper recorder.
Forty-ninth. In order that the "boundaries" and "extent" of the claim may be shown, it
will be incumbent upon the adverse claimant to file a plat showing his claim and its relative
situation or position with the one against which he claims, so that the extent of the conflict mav
be the better understood. This plat must be made from an actual survey by a Uuied State's
deputy surveyor, who will officially certify thereon to its correctness; and in addition there must
be attached to snch plat of survey a certificate or sworn statement by the surveyor as to the ap-
proximate valce of the labor performed, or improvements made upon the claim of the adverse
party, and the plat must indicate the position of any shafts, tunnels, or other improvements, if
any such exist upon the claim of the party opposing the application.
Fiftieth. Upon the foregoing being filed within the sixty days as afore aid, the Register,
or in his absence the S-rceiver, will give notice in writing to both parties to the contest tba:
such adverse claim has been filed, informing them that tbe party who filed the adverse claim
will be required within thirty days from the date of such filing to commence proceedings in a
court of competent jurisdiction, to determine tbe question of right cf possession, and to prose-
cute the same with reasonable diligence to finel jndgment; and that should soch adverse claim-
ant fail to do so, bis adverse claim will be considered waived, and the application for patent will
be allowed to proceed upon its merits.
Fifty-one. When an adverse claim is fi'.ed as aforesaid, the Register or Receiver will in-
dorse upon the same the precise date of filing, and preserve a record of the date of notifications
issued thereon; and thereafter all proceedings upon the application for patent will be suspended,
with the exception of the completion of the publication and posting of notices and plat, and the
filing of the necessary proof thereof, until the controversy shall have betn adjudicated in court,
or the adverse claim waived or withdrawn.
Fifty-second. The proceedings after rendition of judgment by the court in such case are
eo clearly defined by the aet itself "as to render it unnecessary to enlarge thereon in this place.
Placer Claims.
Fifty .third. The tenth section of the act under consideration pravides "that the act en-
tilled 'A* ect to amend an act granting the right of way to ditch and canal owners over the pub-
lic lands, and for other purposes,' approved July 9, 1S70, shall be and remain in fall force, ex-
cept as to the proceedings to obtain a patent, which shall be similar to the proceedings pre-
scribed by sections six and seven of this act for obtaining patents for vein or lode claims, but
where said placer claims shall be upon surveyed lands and conform to legal subdivisions, no
further survey or plat shall be required, and all placer mining claims hereafter located shall con-
form, as nearly as practicable, with the United States system of public land surveys and the
rectangular subdivisions of such surveys, and no such locations shall include more than twenty
acres for each individual claimant; but where placer claims cannot be conformed to legal subdi-
visions, survey and plat shall be made as on unsurveyed lands," etc.
Fi'ty-fourth. The proceedings for ob'aining patents for veins or lodes having already been
fully given, it will not be necessary to repeat them here; it being thought that careful attention
thereto by applicants and the local officers will enable them to act understandingly in the matter,
and mate such slight modifications in the notice, or otherwise, as may be necessary in view of
the different nature of the two classes of claims, placer claims being fixed, however, at two dol-
lars and fifty cents per acre, or fractional part of an acre.
Fifty-fiith. The twelfth and thirteenth sections of said act of July 9, 1870, read as follows:
Sec. 12 And be it further enacted. That claims, usually called "placers," Including all forms of deposit, ex-
cepting veins of quartz, or other rock in place, shall be subject to entry and patent under this act, under like
circumstances and conditions, and upon gimiliir proceedings, as are provided for vein or lode claims: Provided,
That where the lands have been previously surveyed by the Tinted States, the entry in its exterior limits shall
conform to the legal subdivisions of the public lands, no further survey or plat in such case being required, and
the lands may be paidfor at tbe rate of- ttvo dollars and fifty cents peracre: Provided, further. That le^al tiubdi-
visions of forty acres may be subdivided into ten-acre tracts; and that two or more persons, or association of
persons, having contiguous claims of any size, although such claims may be less than ten acres each, may make
joint entry thereof: And. provide! further. That no location of a placer claim, hereafter made, shall exceed one
hundred and sixty acres for any one person or association of persons, which location shall conform to the
United States surveys; and noihing in this section contained shall defeat or impair any bona fide pre-emption or
homestead Hmtti upon agricultural lands, or authorize the sale of the improvements of any bona fide settler to
any purchaser.
Sec 13. And be it further enacted. That where said person or association, they and their grantors, shall have
held and worked their said claims for a period equal to the time prescribed by tbe statute of limitations for
mining claims of the State or Territory where the same may be situated, evidence of snch possession and work-
ing of the claims for snch period shall be sufficient to establish a right to a patent thereto under this act, in the
absence of any adverse claim: Provided, however. That nothing in this act shall be deemed to impair any lien
which may have attached, in any way whatever, to any mining claim or property thereto attached prior to the
issuance of a patent.
Fifty-sixth. It will be observed that that portion of the first proviso to said twelfth sec-
tion, which requires placer claims upon surveyed lands to conform to le^al subdivisions, is re-
pealei by the present statute with regard to claims hereto'ore located, bat that where such
claims are located previous to survey, and do not conform to legal subdivisions, survey, plat,
and entry thereof, may be made according to the boundaries fixed by local rules, but that where
such claims do conform to legal subdivisions, the entry may be effected according to snch legal
subdivisions, without the necessity of further survey or pl.*t
Fifty-seventh. In the second proviso to said twelfth section, authority is given for the
subdivision of forty-acre. legal subdivisions into ten-acre lots, which is intended for the greater
convenience of miners in segregating their claims, both from one another and from intervening
agricultural land.
Fi'ty-eighth. It is held, therefore, that under a proper construction of the law, these ten-
acre lots in mining districts, should be considered and dealt with, to all intents and purposes*-
as legal subdivisions, and that an applicant having a legal claim which conforms to one or more
of these ten-acre lots, either adjoining or cornering, may make entry thereof, after the UBnal
proceedings, without farther survey or plat.
Fifty-ninth. In cases cf this kind, however, the notice given of tbe application must be
very specific and accurate indescription, and as the forty-acre tracts may be subdivided into
ten-acre lots, either in the form of squares of ten by ten chains, or of parallelograms five by
twenty chains, so long as tbe lines are parallel and at right angles with the lines of the public
surveys, it will be necessary that tbe notice and application state specifically what ten-acre lots
are sought to be patented, ia addition to the other data required in the notice.
Sixtieth. Wnere the ten-acre subdivision is in tbe form of a square, it may be described,
for instance, as the "S. E. % of the S. W. % of N. W. }£t" or, if in the form of a parallelo-
gram as aforesaid, it may be described as the "W. % of the W. % of the S. W. % of the X. W.
% (or theN. % of the S. % of the X. E. % of the S. E. 14) of section , township ,
range ," as the case may be; but, in addition to this description of the land, the notice
must give all the other data that is required in a mineral application, by which parties may be
pnt on inquiry as to ihe premises sought to be patented.
Sixty-firsr. The proceedings necessary for the adjustment of rights where a known vein or
lode is embraced by a placer claim, are so clearly defined in the eleventh section of the act, as
to render any particular instructions upon that point at this time unnecessary.
Sixty-second. "When an adverse claim is filed to a placer application, the proceedings are
the same as in the case of vein or lode claims, already described.
Quantity of Placer Ground Subject to Location.
Sixty-third. By the twelfth section of the Baid amendatory act of July 9, 1670 (third pro
viso), it is declared "that no location of a placer claim hereafter made shall exceed one hun-
dred and sixty acres for any one person, or association of persons, which location shall conform
to the United States surveys," etc.
Sixty-fourth. The tenth section of the act of May 10, 1S7'2, provides that "all placer min-
ing claims hereafter located shall conform as near as practicable with the United States system
of public land surveys, and the rectangular subdivisions of snch surveys, and no such locations
shall include more than twenty acnes for each individual claimant."
Sixty-fifth. The foregoing provisions of law are construed to mean that after the ninth day
of July, 1S70, no location of a placer claim can ba made to exceed one hundred and sixty acres,
whatever may be the number of locators associated together, or whatever the local regulations
of the district may allow; and that from and after the passage of said act of May 10, 1872, no.
location made by an individual can exceed tw-nty acres, and no location made by an association
of individuals can exceed one hundred and sixty acres, which location of one hundVed and sixty |
acres cannot be made by a less number than eight bona fide locator*, but that whether as much
as twenty acres can be located by an individual, or one hundred and sixty acres by an associa-
tion, depends entirely upon the mining reflations in force in the respective districts at tbe date
of the location; it being held that such mining regulations are in no way enlarged by said acts
of Congress, but remain intact and in full force with regard to the size of location-3, in so far as i
they do not permit locations in excess of the limits fixed by Congress, but that where such reg-
ulations permit locations in excess of the maximums fixed by Congress as aforesaid, they are
restricted accordingly.
Sixty-sixth. The regulations hereinbefore given as to the manner of marking location* on
the ground, and placing the same on record, must be observed in the case of placer locations,
so far as the s^me are applicable; the law requiring, however, that where placer claims are upon
surveyed pnblic lands, the locations must hereafter be made to conform to legal subdivisions
thereof.
Sixty seventh. "With regard to the proofs necessary to establish the possessory richt to a
placer-claim, the said thirteenth section of the act of July 9, 1S70, provides that "where said
person or association, they and their grantors, shall have held and worked their said claims for
a period equal to the time prescribed by the statute of limitations for mining claims for tbe
State or Territory where the same may be situated, evidence of such possession and working of
the claims for snch period shall be sufficient to establish a right to a patent thereto under this
act in the absence of any adverse claim."
Sixty-eighth. This provision of law will greatly leBsen the burden of proof, more espe-
cially in tbe case of old claims located many years Bince, the records cf which, in many cases,
have been destroyed by fire, or lost in other ways during the lapse of time, but concerning the
possessory right to which all controversy or litigation has long been settled.
Sixty-ninth. When an applicant desires to make his proof of possessory right in accord-
ance with this provision of law. you will not require him to produce evidence of location, copies
of conve ances, or abstracts of title, as in other cases, but will require him to famish a duly
certified copy of the s-atnte of limitations of mining claims for the State or Territorry, together
with his sworn statement giving a clear and succinct narration of the facts as to the origin of
bis title, and hkewiseas to the continuation of his possession of the mining ground covered by
his application; the area thereof, the nature and extent of the mining that has been dope ilere-
on; whether there has been any opposition to his possession or litigation with regard to hiBi
claim; and if so, when the same ceased; whether snch cessation was caused by compromise or
by judicial decree, and any additional facts within the claimant's knowledge, having a d.rec-t
tearing upon his possession and bonajides which he may desire to submit in support of his
claim.
Seventieth. There should likewise be filed a certificate under seal of the court having jur-
isdiction of mining cases within the judicial district embracing the claim, that no suit or action
of any character whatever involving the light of possession to any portion of the claim applied
for is pending, and that there has been no litigation before said court affecting the title to said
claim or any part thereof for a period equal to the lime fixed by the statute of limitations for
mining claims in the State or Territory as aforesaid, other than that which has been finally de-
cided in favor of the claimant.
Seventy-first. The claimant should support his narrative of facts relative to his possession, !
oconpancy, and improvements by corroborative testimony of any disinterested person or persons
March 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
205
>f credibility who may be cognizant of the facts in the case and are capable of testifying under-
Ltandingly in the premises.
.S'-vtnty-second- It will be to the advantage of claimants to make their proofs as foil and
[complete as practicable.
Appointment of Deputy Surveyors of Mineral Claims-
Charges for Surveys and Publications— Fees
of Registers and Receivers, Etc.
Seventy-third. The twelfth section of the said act of May 10, 1872, provides for the ap"
ipoiuiiu'-nt of surveyors of mineral claims, authorizes the Commissioner of the Qeneral Land
jOffioe to « subli-h the rates to be chargt d for surveys and for newspaper publications, prescribes
the tees allowed to the local officers fur receiving and acting upon applications for mining patents
and for adverse claims thereto, &c.
Seventy-fourth. The Purveyor-general of the Bever.il districts will, in pursuance of said
law, appoint in each land district as many competent deputies for the survey of miniug claims
Hhimy Beek sucn appointment ; it being distiuctly understood (hat all expenses of these notices
an-\ surveys are to be borne by the mining claimants and not by the United States; the bystem
of makiug deposits for mineral surveys, a-* r« quired by previous instructions, being hereby re-
rroked as regards field-work; the claimant haviug ihe option of employing any deputy surveyor
within such dis'rict to do his work in the field.
Seventy-fifth. With regard to the platting of the claim and other office work in the Survey-
lor-Reneral's office, that officer will make an estimate of the cost thereof; which amount tbe
Iclaimant will deposit with any assistant United State Treasurer, or designated depository in
Jfdvor of the United States Treasurer, to be passed to the creJit of the fund oreated by "individ-
raal depositors for surveys of the public lands," and file with the Surveyor-general duplicate cer-
tificates of such deposit, in the usual manner.
Seventy-sixth. Tfie Surveyor-general will endeavor to appoint mineral deputy surveyors,
as rapidly as possible, so that one or more may be located in each miniug district for the greater
(convenience of miners.
Seventy-seventh. The usual oaths will be required of these deputies and their assistants
iks to the correctness of each survey executed by them.
ScVeuty-eighth. The law requires that eacn applicant shall file with the Register and Re-
ceiver a Bworn statement of all cuarges and fees paid by him tor publication of notice and for
survey; together with all fees and money paid th» Register and Receiver, which sworn state-
Imeut is required to be transmitted to this office, for tbe information of the Commissioner.
Seventy-ninth. Should it appear that excessive or exorbitant charges have been made by
'(any surveyor or any publisher, prompt action wi.l be taken with the view of correcting the
Eightieth. The fees payable to the Register and Receiver, for filing and acting npon appli-
leations for mineral land patents, made under said act of May 10, 1872, are five dollars to each
i officer, to be paid by the applicant for patent at the time of filing, and tbe like sum of five dol-
llars is payable to each officer by an adverBe claimant at the time of filing his adverse claim.
Eighty-first. All fees or charges under this act, or tbe act of which it is amendatory, may
Jbe paid in United States currency. .
Eighty-second. The Register and Receiver will, at the close of each month, forward to
this office an abstract of mining applications filed, and a register of receipts, accompanied with
Ian abstract of mineral lauds sold.
Eighty-third. The fees and purchase money received by Registers and Receivers must be
M placed to the oredit of the United States in the Receiver's monthly and quarterly account,
Uchar^ing up in the disbursing account the sums to which the Register and Receiver may be re-
■Bpectively entitled as fees and commissions, with limitations in regard to the legal maximum.
Eighty-fourth. Tbe thirteenth section'of tbe said act of May 10, 1872. provides that all
affidavits required under said act, or the act of which it is amendatory, may be verified before
lany officer authorized to administer oaths within the laud distriot where ihe claims may be situ-
ated, iu which case they will have the same force and effect as if taken before the Register or
UReceiver, and that in cases of contest as to the mineral or agricultural character of land, the
(testimony and proofs may be taken btfore any such officer on personal notice of at least ten
I days to the opposing party, or if said party cannot be found, then, after publication of notice
J for at least once a week for thirty days, in a newspaper, to be designated by the Register as pub-
lished nearest to the location of such land , proof of whi h notice must be made to the Register.
Eighty-fifth. The instructions heretofore issued with regard to disproving the mineral
i (character of lands are accordingly modified so as to allow proof upon that point to be taken be-
fore any officer authorized to administer oaths within the the land district, and that where the
' (residence of the parties who claim the land to be mineral is known, such evidence may be taken
:|without publication, ten days after the mineral claimants or affiants shall have been personally
notified of the time and place of such hearing; but in cases where such afiiants or claimants can-
I not be served with personal notice, or where the land applied for is returned as mineral upon
the township plat, or wh^re the same is now or may hereafter be suspended for non-mineral
proof, by order of this office, then the party who claims the right to enter the land as agricul-
tural will be required, at his own expense, to publish a notice once each week for five consecutive
weeks in the newspaper of largest circulation published in the county within which said land is
situated, or if no newspaper is published within such county, then in an a newspaper published
in an adjoining county; the newspaper in either case to be designated by the Register; which
notice must be clear and specific, embracing the points required in notices under instructions
from this office of March 20, 1872, and must name a day after the last day of publication of
I such notice, when testimony as to the character of the land will be taken, Btating before what
magistrate or other officer such hearing will be had, and the place of such hearing.
Mill-Sites.
Eighty-sixth. The fifteenth section of said acts provides, "That where non-mineral land
J not contiguous to the vein or lode is used or occupied by the proprietor of such vein or
I lode for mining or milling purposes, such non-adjacent surface ground may be embraced and in-
I eluded in an application for a patent for such vein or lode, and the same may be patented there-
with, subject to the same preliminary requirements as to survey and notice, as are applicable
under this act to veins or lodes; Provided, That no location hereafter made of such non-adja-
I cent land shall exceed five acres, and payment for the same must be made at the same rate as
fixed by this act for the superficies of the lode. The owner of a quartz mill or reduction works,
not owning a mine in connection there with .[may also receive a patent for his mill-site as provided
in this section."
Eighty-seventh. To avail themselves of this provision of law, parties holding the possess-
ory right to a vein or lode, and to a piece of land not contiguous thereto, for mining or milling
purposes, not exceeding the quantity allowed for such purpose by tbe local rules, regulations, or
customs, the proprietors of such vein or lode may file in the proper land office their application
for a patent, under oath, in manner already set forth herein, which application, together with
the plat and field notes, may include, embrace, and describe in addition to the vein or lode, such
non-contiguous mill-site, and after due proceedings as to notice, etc., a patent will be issued
conveying the Rame as one claim.
Eighty-eighth. In making the survey in a case of this kind, the lode claim should be de-
scribed in the plat and field notes as "Lot No. 37, A," and the mill site as "Lot No. 37, B,"
or whatever may be its appropriate numerical designation; the course and distance from a cor-
ner of the mill-^ite to a corner of the lode claim to be invariably given in such plat and field
notes, and a copy of the plat and notice of application for patent must be conspicuously posted
npon the mill-site as well as upon the vein or lode for tbe statutory period of sixty days. In
making the entry, no separate receipt or certificate need be issued for the mill-site, but the
whole area of both lode and mill-site will be embraced in one entry, tbe price being five dollars
for each acre and fractional part of an acre embraced by such lode and mill-site claim.
_ Eighty-ninth. .In case the owner of a quartz mill or reduction works is not tbe owner or
olaimant of a vein or lode, the law permits him to make application therefor in the same manner
prescribed herein for mining claims, and after due notice and proceedings, in the absence of a
valid adverse filing, to enter and receive a patent for his mill-site, at said price per acre.
Ninetieth. In every case there must be satisfactory proof that the land claimed as a mill-
site is not mineral in character, which proof may, whf re the matter is unquestioned, consist of
the sworn statement of the claimant, supported by that of one or more disinterested persons,
capable from acquaintance with the land to testify understandingly.
Ninety-first. The law expressly limits mill-site locations made from and after it3 passage
to five acres, but whether so much as that can be located, depends upon the local customs, rules,
or regulations.
Ninety-second. The Registers and Receivers will preserve an unbroken consecutive series
of numbers for all mineral entries.
Proofs of Citizenship of Mining Claimants.
Ninety-third, The proof necessary to establish the citizenship of applicants for mining
patents, whether under the pr* sent or past enactments, it will be seen by reference to the sev-
enth section of the act under consideration, may consist, in the case of an individual olaimant,
of his owu affidavit of tbe fact; in the case of an association of persons not incorporated, of
the affidavit of their authorized agent, made on his own knowledge or upon information and be-
lief, that the several members of such ass< elation are citizens; and in the case of an incorpor-
ated company, organized under the laws of the United States, or the laws of any State or Ter-
ritory of the United States, by the filing of a certified copy of their charter or certificate of
incorporation.
Ninety-fourth. These affidavits of citizenship may be taken before the Register or Re-
ceiver, or any-other officer authorized to administer orfths within the district.
Ninety-fifth. Oopies of the previous mining statutes of Congress, dated respectively July
26, I860, and July 9, 1870, are hereto attached. Sections one, two, three, four and six of the
foimer being expressly repealed by the ninth seotion of the act of May 10,187*2, aforesaid,
which iu its sixteenth section also repeals all aots and parts of acts inconsistent with its pro-
visions.
Ninety-sixth. The foregoing will be followed in due time by such farther instructions as
actual experience in the administration of the statute may render necessary.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
Willis Decmmond, Commissioner.
To Registers and Receivers and Surveyors-general.
Mining: Statute of July 26, 1866.
An Act granting the right of way to ditch and canal owners over the public lauds, and for other
purposes.
pfoTE.— Sections 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of this act have been repealed, bo they are not given here.— En.]
Section 5. And be it further enacted. That as a farther condition of sale, in the absence of
necessary legislation by Congress, the looal Legislature of any State or Territory may provide
rules for working mines, involving easements, drainage, or otner necessary nuans to their com-
plete development; and those conditions shill be fully expressed in the patent.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United States be, and is hereby,
authorized to establish additional land districts, aud to appoint the necessary officers under ex-
isting laws, whenever he may deem the same necessary for the public convenience in executing
the provisions of this act.
Sec. 8. And be it farther enacted, That the right of way for the construction of highways
over public lands, not reserved for public uses, is hereby granted.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted. That whenever, by priority of possession, rights to the
use of water for mining, agricultural, manufacturing, or other purposes, have vested and ac-
crued, and the same are recognized and acknowledged by the local customs, laws, and the de-
cisions of courts, the possessors and owners of such vested rights shall be maintained and pro-
tected in the same; and the right of way for the construction of ditches and canals for the pur-
poses aforesaid is hereby acknowledged and confirmed; Provided, however, that whenever, after
the passage of this act, any person or persons shall, in the construction of any ditch or canal,
injure or damage the possession of any settler on the public domain, the party committing such
injury or damage shall be liable to the party Injured for such injury or damage.
Seo. 10. And be it further enacted, That whenever, prior to the passage of this act, upon the
lands heretofore designated as mineral lands, which have been excluded from survey and sale,
there have been homesteads made by citizens of the United States, or persons who have de-
clared their intention to become citizens, which homesteads have been made, improved, and
used for agricultural purposes, and upon which there have been no valuable* mines of gold, sil-
ver, cinnabar, or copper discovered, and which are properly agricultural lands, the said settlers
or owners of such homesteads shall have a right of pre-emption thereto, and shall be entitled to
purchase the same at the price of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, and in quantity not
to exceed one hundred aud sixty acres; or said parties may avail themselves of the provisions
of the Act of Congress, approved May twenty, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled "An aot
to secure homesteads to actual settlers on the public domain, " aud acts amendatory thereof.
Seo. 11. And be it further enacted, That upon the survey of the lands aforesaid, the Secre-
tary of the Interior may designate and set apart such portions of the said lands as are clearly
agricultural lands, which lands shall thereafter be subject to pre-emption and sale as other public
lands of the United States, and subject to all the laws and regulations applicable to the same.
Approved, July 26, 1866.
Mining Statute of July 9, 1870.
An Act to amend "An Act granting the right of way to ditch and canal owners over the public
lands, and for other purposes."
[Note. — All that part of the law from section one to eleven inclusive has been repealed, and Is not given
here.— Ed .]
Be it enacted by tlie Senate and Souse of Representatives of ihe United Stales of America in
Congress assembled, That the act granting the right of way to ditch and canal owners over the
publio lands, and for other purposes, approved July twenty-six, eighteen hundred and Bixty-six,
be, and the same is hereby amended, by adding thereto the following additional sections, num-
bered twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, and seventeen, respectively, which shall here-
after constitute aud form a part of the aforesaid act.
Sec. 12. And beit further enacted, That claims usually called "placers," including all forms
of deposit, excepting veins of quartz, or other rock in place, shall be subject to entry and patent
under this act, under like circumstances and conditions, and upon similar proceedings, as are
provided for vein or lode claims; Provided, that where tbe lands have been previously surveyed
by the United States, the entry, in its exterior limits, shall conform to the legal subdivisions of
the public lands, no farther survey or plat in such case being required, and the lands may be
paid for at tbe rate of two dollars and fifty cents per acre; Provided, furtlier, that legal subdi-
visions of forty acres may be subdivided into ten-acre tracts; and that two or more persons, or
associations of persons, having contiguous claims of any size, although such claims may be
less than ten acres each, may make joint entry thereof; And, provided further, that no location
of a placer claim, hereafter made, shall exceed one hundred and sixty acres for any one person
or association of persons, which location shall conform to the United States surveys; and noth-
ing in this section contained shall defeat or impair any bona tide pre-emption or homestead
claim upon agricultural lands, or authorize the sale of the improvements of any bona fide settler
to any purchaser.
Sec. 13. And be it further enacted, That where said person or association, they and their
grantors, shall have held and worked? their said claims for a period equal to the time -prescribed
by the statute of limitations for mining claims of the State or Territory where the same may be
situated, evidence of such possession and working of the claims for such period Bhall be suffi-
cient to establish a right to a patent thereto under this act, iu the absence of any adverse claim;
Provided, however, that nothiag in this act shall be deemed to impair any lien which may have
attached iu any way whatever to any mining claim or property thereto attached prior to the is-
suance of a patent.
Sec. 14. And be it further enacted, That all ex parte affidavits reqnired to be made under this act,
or the act of which it is amendatory, may be verified before any officer authorized to administer
oaths within the land district where the claims may be situated.
Sec. 15. And be it further enacted. That Registers and Receivers shall receive the same fees
for services under this act-as are provided by law for like services under other acts of Congress;
and that effect shall be given to the foregoing act according to such regulations as may be pre-
scribed by the Commissioner of the General Land Office.
Sec. 16. And be it further enacted, That so much of the act of March third, eighteen hun-
dred and fifty-three, entitled "Au Act to provide for the survey of the public lands of California,
the granting of pre-emption rights, and for other purposes," as provides that none other than
township lines shall be surveyed where the lands are mineral, is hereby repealed. And the pub-
lic surveys are hereby extended over all such lands; Provided, that all subdividing of the sur-
veyed lands into lots of less than one hundred and sixty acres may be done by county and local
surveyors at the expense of the claimants; And, provided further, that nothing herein contained
shall require the survey of waste or useless land.
Seo. 17. And be it further enacted, That none of the rights conferred by sections five, eight,
and nine of the act of which this is amendatory shall be abrogated by this act; and the same
are hereby extended lo all public lands affected by this act; and all patents granted, or pre-
emption or homesteads allowed, shall be subject to any vested and accrued water rights, or rights
to ditcheB and reservoirs used in connection with such water rights as may have been acquired
under or recognized by the ninth section of the act of which this act is amendatory. But noth-
ing in this act Bhall be construed to repeal, impair, or in any way affect the provisions of the
"Aot granting to A. Sutro tbe right of way and other priveleges to aid in the construction of a
draining and exploring tunnel to the Co in stock lode, in the State of Nevada," approved July
twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six.
Approved July 9, 1870.
206
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March tf, 1875
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Albumenuria, Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Dust Deposit; Thick, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine,
with Bone Dmt Deposits; Burning Sensation with Sharp Pains when vniding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys,
Pain in the Kidneys and Loins, Torpid Liver Indigestion, Calculus, and Female Weakness.
There is no remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases bb effectuolly as Bethesda
Water. This fact has been demonstrated wherever the water has been used according to directions, which can
be had at the General Agent*' by application to them. The water is sweer and pleasant to the taste. It can be
drank at all hours. Why should any one Buffer while this Water 1b bo easily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fb27-eow-bp-3m 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FRANCISCO.
March 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
207
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWeLL & Co- Machinery Depot, San Francisco.
The California I'lanul and Mat. urn 1- got
ten up from new pattern* specially fur this
' Co*it. It ha» Cast Steel blotted Cyllinh r H.ad,
running In patent aelf oiling boxon; Matcher
8 Indies alw> uf the best Cabt fteeL The Gears
•re all protected with Iron covers. Will plane
24 In. vide and fi In. thick, and tongue and
groove 14 in. wide. Will make rustle
and stick gutters, ur heavy mouldings, etc., and
ih th<- betl Job Machine ever built.
t£7"We have always on hand a large assort-
ment of Planing Mill Machinery, all or tin- htt.-t
ImproTemi'iits. including Planers, Moulding,
Morticing aud Tonoolng Machines, Band and Jig
Bawa, fcc, &c. Send for Catalogues and prices.
TREADWELL & CO.,
33r29*eowf-t San Francisco-
Adjustable Saw Guatfe
Foot Power
lmprovAa Saw Arbors.
Z¥X3frX*/r
JL_JL_JL_Jl_J__JL
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand-
Jig
Improved Band Saws
KNOWLES' PATENT STEAM PUMP.
It has no CrankB or Fly- Wheel, and has no dead points where it will stop, consequently it is always ready to
start without using a starting-bar, and does not require hand-work to get it past the center. Will always start
when the steam cylinder ie flUed with cold water of condensation.
CENTRAL PACIFIC R. R.. OFFICE OF THE GEN'L MASTER MECHANIC, )
Sacramento Oal., Januarv 14, 1873. \
A. L. FISH, Esq., Agent or the Knowles Steam Pump-Dear Sir: In reply to your inquiry as to the merits of the
Knowles Steam Pump, in use upon this road, I will say thut It gives me great pleasure t'i report that they have per-
formed their work well whenever called upon. In no instance have they failed. We have now over JO of thorn in
'iae on this road as fire engines, and pumping water fur shop and station us«. I consider the Knowles Stenra Pump the
bflBlln use, and prcierit toanyother. Yours, truly, A. J. STEVENS, General Master Mechanic.
A. L, FISH, Agent Knowles' Steam Pump— Dear Sir: In answer to your inquiries, we state that the hiffhett award
for Steam Pumps at the Eiirhth or la-t Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco, was a First Premium and Diploma, awarded
to Knowles' Patent Stoum Pump, as published in the Official List September 23d. 1871.
w A. S- HALLIDIE, President Board of Managers.
Vf. H. Williams, Sec'y Board of Managers Eighth Industrial Exhibition, M. 1.
TZHUE KlsTOX &c OSBOBN
World,
WE BUILD AND HATE CONSTANTLY ON HAND
The Largest Stock of Pumps in the
And for Every Conceivable Purpose.
SOLE AGENT ON THE PACIFIC COAST FOK THE
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For Winei Cider, Lard, Paper, Wool, Hops, Hides, Tobacco, Bags, etc.— the Moat Powerful
in TJee.
A. L. Fish, Agent,
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P. S.— All kinds of new and second-hand Machines on hand.
4v29-lam-bp-3m
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Marine and
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Steam Pumps
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The CENTENNIAL is compoBed of the finest Hemp, made in strands or sections, of different sues, each be-
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Italian Hemp to be found in the market. It is manufactured in a shape the most convenient to use and
handle, and gives from 60 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs
with less friction on the rod lhan any other Packing made, from the fact of its being so perfect y soft -and
pliable, and so well lubricated so to require a minium pressure on the rod. It cuts off smooth and makes per.
feet joints, is easily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires occasionally; »w nug to keep the stuffing box
fall. ENGINEERS, TKT IT. For sale in any quantity by TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
eow
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
THIS FUKNACE BEDUCES CINNABAK, AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
And at LESS COST per ton than any other furnace. It will work continuously Twelve to Twenty-four
months without stopping.
NO MCAIV MA-S EVER BEEN SALIVATED
Or otherwise affected by the mercury about the furnace, either in operating it or making repairs. For full
particulars, plans, etc., apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
We refer any party desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining Companies,
where the furnace may be seen in successful operation:
The Manhattan Mine in Napa County.
The Redington Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Phcenis Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma Ccunty.
The Annie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Cloverdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The California Borax Company (Sulphur Banks), Lake County.
The Abbott Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Cerro Bonito Mine, Fresno County,
eow KNOX & OSBORN.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAT 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced, to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Supts. of Quariz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We take pleasure in stating that owing to Ihe rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of iteel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dieb superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and eolicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at leant 10 per
cent-cheaper than the best iron. There are no Stkel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers ndve-rt.se Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They wilt not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not. capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in u-ein many of the largest
mills on the Paci&c Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang--
ing and in setting tappets, increarej value of nmalgam ffl
by absence of iron dust and cbippings, and a saving of !|
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill ordersllj
from the manufactory East. Price 1G cents per "^SMjII
pound shipped at San FranciBco. Terms liberal. ^luli'' "1 1' MP'I'M HI- w^
with dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE <fc DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building, S F.
lv29-
208
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 27, 1875
P©pilu^ Lectins.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Eighth Lecture Delivered before the University of Cal
ifomia College of Agriculture, on Thursday, January
28th, by Pbof. 0. E. Besbey.
Spurgeworts, Laurels and Olives.
The topic to-day is, first, the Spurgeworts, the
plants belonging to the order Euphorbktcicu .
The order is to some extent represented here,
so that probably you are somewhat familiar
with its characteristics. It is one of the most
extensive orders we have, numbering fully three
thousand species, distributed in all climates. In
the temperate countries they are herbaceous, in
many cases very small plants growing to a bight
of four or five inches. In South and East
Africa they have leafless, succulent stems, often
rising to the bight of trees, being very much in
shape like the cactus, while in tropical and
South America they become very large trees.
Throughout the whole order there is a continu-
ous milkiness in the juice. This juice is in
many cases exceedingly poisonous,' so that we
may put down the order as a poisonous one.
The plant of greatest importance is the one
from which we derive our supply of India rub-
ber or caoutchouc. It is a large tree, Siphonia
elastica, growing to a hight of eighty or one
hundred feet; found in Brazil, Guiana and
Central America. It abounds very largely in
the islands found in the Amazon river. You
know the Amazon river spreads out so that a
wide portion of its islands and banks are at
times covered with water. In obtaining the
rubber, the natives begin just after the water
has subsided. They cut into the tree, making
great incisions into the Bides of the stems, and
from these there flows abundance of milky
sap- This is collected in large vessels and
dried. The usual method is to collect it on
some large surface and dry it. The natives
found it useful in making all sorts of arti-
cles, and so they would make moulds for that
purpose. Suppose they wanted to make a bot-
tle; they would make a mould representing the
inside of the bottle; they would then dip this
mould in the liquid material at intervals, thus
formiDg layer after layer, until the desired
thickness is obtained; they would then break
the mould and shake it out. Shoes were made
in tbe same way. Even now, the rubber is
brought to America very largely in shape of
such things. Its black color is largely due
to hanging in the smoke. If it was carefully
prepared, it would be
Much Lighter Colored.
It is brought here to the United States, also
to Great Britain, and manufactured in various
forms. The first knowledge Europeans had of
it was obtained at the time Columbus fiast dis-
covered the continent. He found the natives
used rubber balls, and various utensils of differ-
ent kinds; but, until 1820, they made very lit-
tle use of it but for erasiDg; from that time it
got the name of India rubber. Priestly made
the observation that it was useful. In 1820,
India rubber clothing was manufactured from
it. In 1842, it was hardened by vulcanizing it.
Since that, all sorts of uses have been found
for it, indeed there is scarcely an industry,
scarcely an art, but that has very much to do
with this vulcanized rubber. In your chemi-
cal works, you find it impossible to get on a
day without this, in its vulcanized form. The
fear is, it will
Become Extinct.
These natives go in there and cut and Blash
away at the trees; they take no pains to grow
them, so that there is very great danger of their
being emtirely destroyed. Probably the best
way to remedy ihis is to call the attention of
governments to the subject. Great Britain has
been memorialized. Our Government ought
to be also. It could be grown on any of the
islands lying within the tropics.
The box tree, Buxus sempervirens, is a native
of Europe and also of Asia. It grows to the
hight of twenty to thirty feet, and attains a di-
ameter of four, six, eight or ten inches. It
very seldom grows larger than this. Its use is
for manufacturing the finer mathematical in-
struments, and also bushing and works of the
smaller kinds of machinery, also in engraving,
because of the hardness and fineness of its
wood. In eugraving it is very much used, as
it is fitted especially for this. Our supply
comes almost entirely from the Mediterranean
basin and from the region lying in the vicinity
of the Black sea.
It Can Be Grown Here
Very readily, can be' grown throughout almost
all parts of the Southern United States. Its
growth is slow; however, it should be intro-
duced here. It is the same thing as the English
box.
English box is only the dwarf varie'y, and as
this grows very readily— being cultivated as a
border plant-it is probable that the tree would
do well h»-re. In fact^ our climate is very much
like the climate in which the tree grows. The
castor oil plant, ricinus communis. A large,
herbaceous plant, native of the East Indies,
now grown in almost all of the warmer climates;
grown as far north as 38° to 40° in the United
States; is grown now in portions of Missouri
and also in portions of Illinois, and States
beng southward. From its seed castor oil
used largely in medicine) is obtained by
pressure. In Central Europe it is grown for
feeding silk-worms. The leaves are very large
and there are a great many on each plant, so
that a great deal of food is provided in this way
for the worms.
There are a great many other plants belong-
ing to this order which are of a good deal of
importance, but I have selected some of the
most value. I might have mentioned the
crolon tiglium of India, from which croton oil
is obtained.
African teak is the product of Oldfieldia Afri-
cana, and is a very heavy, hard wood. It is
found that it is best to use in constructing
steamships, in building up the woodwork near
the fires and near the boilers. It seems to
stand a
High Degree of Heat
Without catching fire. Ought to be more
largely used. It, however, comes from Africa,
so that we probably cannot grow it here.
The laurel group, Zauraceos, is not a large
family, numbering only about five hundred
species. These are mostly evergreen trees,
and are found in the temperate and tropical
climates. Throughout the whole order there
runs a sort of aromatio principle which in some
cases is sufficiently concentrated to become
medicinally valuable.
The order derives its name from the bay tree,
or the laurel tree, as it is sometimes called;
Laurus nobilis, a native of Europe. This is the
bay, or the laurel that we read so much about
in literature. It is a tree about forty or fifty
feet in hight, and has beautiful leaves,
to some extent resembling the leaves of
trees here. In olden times these leaves were
used to crown heroes — now-a-days they .are put
to other uses. The testimony runs this way:
They are used for flavoring custards and pud-
dings, and for imparting a
Fictitious Flavor to Figs
When packed for shipping. Bay rum is not
from that tree, but from one allied to it.
Cinnamnn, Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, is a
native evergreen tree of Ceylon, and is exten-
sively cultivated on that island, also on the Mal-
abar coast, and in Java and Cayenne, for the
sake of the aromatic bark of its young brunches.
It is a shrub tree; that is, it is very much in-
clined to send up a great mnny reed-like little
stems, and they are selected for peeling when
they aTe about three years old, and one-half
inch to an inch in size. Workmen go along,
ruft their knives down the sides of the-e sterna,
and the whole bark is stripped off. In a day or
two the epidermis— corky and green layers-
can be removed, so that only the older or inner
fibers of the bark remain. This takes on a
brown color, and is brought to market in the
quill-like form in which it is arranged. In se-
lecting, the outer bark is rejected in the true
cinnamon. True cinnamon should be of a rich
brown color; should be very thin, about as
thick as four or five sheets of paper, not much
thicker than that, and should be exceedingly
fragrant.
Now, allied to this tree from which true cin-
namon is obtained, we have two others — C.
Fie. 1- The Olive Branch.
aromaiicum and C. cassia, natives of Ceylon,
from which, as well as from the older branches
of the species already noticed, cassia bark —
may be considered as a kind of inferior cinna-
mon— is obtained. This bark is thicker and
has more of a bitterness and a pungency than
the true cinnamon. Instead of occurring in
long, quill-like pieces, it is in the form of thick
chips; as, instead of taking that great pains
which they do with true cinnamon, they simply
cut and slash away at it in about the same way
we would take a drawing-knife and peel off the
bark of an ordinary tree. It is used as a! sub-
stitute for, and also to mix with, the true ciu-
namon. You go to any of the ordinary shops
and caU for cinnamon, you will find what is
properly called cassia bark in it and some
places it is found without any cinnamon at all.
I have seen many specimens that seemed to be
Nothing but Cassia Bark.
Whenever you find cinnamon occurring in
chip-like masses you may be sure it is not true
cinnamon at all, but it is really cassia bark.
Taking the British statistics, the amount annu-
ally consumed in England is some thirty to
forty tons true cinnamon and about two hun-
dred tons of this cassia bark which might be
called false cinnamon. Cassia buds are derived
from the last named species.
The camphor tree, Oamphora offidnarum, be-
longs to this order; is a native of China and
Japan and is now grown very much on the is-
land of Formosa. The wood is of considerable
value. It is used in the manufacture of trunks,
chests and other things where the fragrance is
of some importance, and from the wood is also
obtained the^camphor that is found in the shops.
In order to obtain this, the wood is chopped
up. thrown into water and subjected to heat;
camphor beiDg volatile, passes over and is con-
densed. It is then brought to this country and
used for medicine. Clothes put into a trunk
or chest made of camphor-wood, are almost
always preserved from moths, as these insests
seem not to like it.
The California laurel, Orcodaphne Califomica.
is our only representative of thi3 order. It is
possible, another representative one — a little
shrubby one— may be found here. But this is,
I understand, the o*ly one giving value to the
order here. The wood of this laurel is, as you
know,
Quite Valuable.
I find that it has not been used as much as it
might have been, or as much as it should be.
It is considered sufficiently ornamental in Eng-
land to be used in the gardens there quite con-
siderably, and there they have introduced it
Broadbooks' Excelsior Pruning- Shears.
under a different name, and I have little doubt
but that you will find it before mnny years
brought back from there and sold under that
name to our people for a new plant. Of course
it will do very well. It will do just as well to
use the wild plant, however.
In the United States, east of the Rocky
mountains, another tree, the Sassafras, (Sassa-
f?-as Officinalis), is of some importance, as fur-
nishing a very spicy bark which is supposed to
be very valuable in medicine; it is used some-
what.
The last family that I call your attention to,
is the
Olive Family,
Oieacece, (see fig. 1). It is smaller than the
preceding, numbering but a hundred and fifty
species. They are all trees; or, if they are not
trees, they are shrubs. We might say they are
trees, or shrubs more or less inclined to be
tree-like, natives of the temperate, northern
hemisphere, and to a limited extent of the
southern. The order is of importance, as fur-
nishing us some valuable woods. First or
probably most important is the European ash,
(Fraxinus Excelsior), a large tree extensively
planted in Europe. The wood is used wherever
strength, lightness and hardness are desirable.
Without any question this could be very profit-
ably introduced into California. It would grow
without any doubt, and as we are somewhat
short of wood of that character, it would be
well to see what could be done by way of intro-
ducing it. In the eastern United States, Frax-
inus Americana seems to take its place. It is
there called white ash, and is somewhat related
tu the European one. Its wood is equally
valuable, and it is largely used for the insides
of railroad and street cars. For any use where
lightness and toughness are necessary, it is
valuable. It is used very largely in the manu-
facture of useful agricultural implements, and
when kept reasonably dry the wood is very
durable also. This American species grows
somewhat larger than the Excelsior, preferring
the rich soils lying midway between the low-
lands and uplands, and
Might be Introduced Here with Advantage,
But probably it could not be as well grown as
the European, so I would adviBe the introduc-
tion of the Excelsior rather than the Americana.
In some parts of California occurs what is
called Oregon ash, (F. Orcgona). It is a tree
attaining a diameter of from twelve inches up-
wards, found in Oregon and probably the
northern portions of this State. I don't know
whether it grows as far south as this or not.
I have here specimens from a small tree of
it, alsp the curly form which seems to have been
taken from a knot or something like that. I
could not find any of the straight-grained tim-
ber in the collection. This ib very largely used
here in the city of San Francisco. I find that
our manufacturers use it very extensively.
They use it along with the Americana which
they import from the Eastern States.
The name of the order is derived from the
olive, Oka Europea. It is a native probably of
Western Asia. Its Dame would lead one to
suppose it was a native of Europe, but that
is not the case. It is, I think, grown to a lim-
ited extent in the southern portion of this State,
somewhat in the Southern U. S., in the West
India islands, but more extensively in the basin
of the Mediterranean. From its fruit, which is
a small, blue blaot, cherry-like fruit, is ob-
tained the sweet olive oil. This fruit in gath-
ered Tipe, subjected to pressure for the purpose
of extracting the oil. The wood of the tree is
very hard, of a yellowish white color and is ex-
ceedingly durable. It is used in the manufac-
ture of small implements and utensils in very
nearly the same way that box-wood is need and
can be used for very nearly the same purposes.
Manna, found in tbe shops, is the product of *
a species of ash, Fraxinus arnus, found in
Southern Europe, Calling for. manna at any
of the druggists, you will be shown a very pe-
culiar, waxy material which is the product of
Fraxinus arnus. Upon making incisions into
the tree the juice exudes and hardens, produc-
ing manna.
The order is of some little importance for its
ornamental representatives. Of these we need
only mention the fringe tree, grown extensively
in Quebec; the lilac and the jessamine. Hav-
ing gone over three groups, although I have
not used up the hour by any means, I perhaps
have given you material enough to work up
for this time.
Broadbooks' Excelsior Pruning Shears.
We illustrate herewith a novel pruning shears
the feature of which is a cam-shaped blade
for giving a very powerful drawing cut.
Fig. 1 represents the shears partially open,
showing how the drawing cut is secured. Fig.
2 is the wrench or lever, provided with a hook
and stud that drop in perforations on the blade,
Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is the other handle, with the
blade turned back again&t the shank, forming,
when used singly or without the lever wrencht
a hatchet, or knife, for trimming small limbs,
sprouts or shrubbery. The cam-shaped knife-
blade is provided with a series of perforations
to receive the hook and stud of the lever
wrenoh. When the handles, Fig. 1, are1!
brought toward each other, as is. evident, the
drawing cut is produced The point of contact
of the knife edge with the limb, where the
power is to be applied to do the cutting, is
inside the pivot or bolt that holds the blade.
The shape of the hook, Fig. 3, is such as to
bring the limb to be out directly under the
fulcrum or pivot on which the blade operates.
When the knife blade is applied it holds the
limb firmly until cut, and prevents its Flipping
on the hook. Injury to the bark is prevented,
also any crushing of the limbs, the ends being
left smooth enough for grafting. In other
pruning shears, where the power is applied
outside of, and at a distance from tbe fulcrum or
pivot which holds the two jaws together, sap-
ping of the limb often occurs, thereby mangling
the bark. The very long handles also employed
frequently crush the branches. The handles of
tbe shears represented in the engraving are
only eighteen inches in lengih, so that the
power is in the shears itself instead of in long
handles.
The efficiency of the device is very remark-
able, judging from specimens of its operation
forwarded to us. Two fragments of boughs are
before us — one 1% inches, and the other 2%
inches in diameter, each of which has been
divided with a clean, smooth cut, apparently at |
a single stroke. The wood is hard maple and
the length of the cut is greater than the above
diameters, owing to its being made at an angle.
For information relative to the additional ad-
vantages of the tool, and descriptive circulars,
address Broadbooks &Co., Batavia, N. Y.
Interesting Analogies in Nature.
A physician has recently published a pam-
phlet advancing a curious theory of the ''one-
nest of the earthy system." This he attempts
to prove by means of the resemblance in form
between the parts of the human body and many
vegetable productions; and the following are
some of the analogies in his ingenious argu-
ment:
"Thus the cocoa-nut is, in many respects,
like tbe human skull, although it more closely
resembles the Fkull of the monkey, and may
perhaps serve Darwin's purpose as a link be-
tween the two; a sponge may be so held as to
remind one of the unfleshed face of tbe skele-
ton; and the meat of an English walnut is
almost an exact representation of tbe brain.
Plums and black cherries resemble the human
eye; almonds and some other nuts resemble
tbe different varieties of the human nose; and
an open oyster and its shell are a peifect image
of the human ear. 'The shape of almost any
man's body,' we are told, 'may be found in the
various kinds of mammoth pumpkins.' Tne
open band may be found in the form assumed
by scrub willows and growing celery. Tdo Ger-
man turnip and the egg plant resemble the
human heart. The author finds other striking
resemblances between human organs and cer-
tain vegetable forms. In the course of Lis in-
vestigations he traces the forms of maoy me-
chanical contrivances now in common use back
to the patterns furnished by nature. Tbus he
tells us that the hog suggested the plow, tbe
butteifly the ordinary hinge, the toadstool the
umbrella, the;duck the ship, the fungus growth
on trees the bracket."
March 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
209
Pliocene Terraces in California.
(By J. O. Ooop«rt M. D. ]
I The recent article by Mr. Amos Bowman, on
"Terrace* in the Coast Bangs" (Minimi and
Scientific Pbess, March 20, 1875), disputes
jsome of the facts stated by me in an article on
{"California in the Pliocene Epoch," printed
in your journal for Oct. 10th, 1874. I am
therefor© called upon to notice briefly a few of
the points in which Mr. Bowman's statements
(differ from my own. %
J 1. 1 am willing to leave it to the observa-
tion of any impartial geologist whether 'any
true terraces can be seen on the San Francisco
peninsula north of Point Pedro or ioBide the
polden Gate, either east or west of the Bay.
2. The terraces described by Prof. David-
don cannot be traced by anyone (except Mr.
Bowman), north of Point P- tiro or inside of
the Bay. Where ihey do exist abundantly, as
bear Santa Crnz, they are evidently pot=t plio-
cene, for they have been cut from the slopes
of pliocene and miocene strata, whioh them-
selves are usually inclined at angles quite un-
conformable with the terraceB.
I 3. If any one sees evidence in my paper
that I consider "terrace as signifying the same
thin 1? as a bed or stratum," I hope the above
statement will correct the idea. Iu certain
■MB, however, terraces do conform to strata
bf undoubtedly pliocene age, and these I re-
/erred to as existing 'at low levels around the
Bay." These are not, however, marine ter-
races, but of fresh water origin, and have not
been described in any printed work. When
:he state of California becomes rich enough to
publish the results of several years' work done
py one ol her most faithful and unjustly abused
boien tints, the late State Geologist, and his as-
sistants, something mora will be known of
these interesting formations. Meantime, it is
better to "go slow," and state only well deter-
mined facts.
[ 4. If Mr. Bowman found any Pliocene shells
it heights of 700 and 1000 feet (as he may have
jionej, they mu>t have been washed from the
li-hly inclined marine pliocene strata between
Lake Merced and Point Pedro. As the ter-
races were tbe effect of erosion " by the reced-
ing sea," of course no deposits of shells could
be found in them. I am happy to say that I
agree with Mr. Bowman as well as wilh all ge-
ologists that I know of, in considering the ma-
rine terraces outside of the bay as thus formed,
and that there is no evidence to sustain Prof.
Davidson's theory that ice assisted in this ac-
tion. Similar erosion is still going on, especi-
ally on the southern coast. This is so gene-
rally accepted that I did not consider it worth
piscoBsion in former articles.
5. I did not attempt to connect these Coast
Range uplifts with the Pliocene strata of the
Bierra Nevada, having seen but little of the lat-
Ster, and I consider the evidence so far known to
prove a long period of time between the older
and newer of the pliocene formations, but do
pot propose now to discuss this point further
than to state that similar fresh water deposits
were made in the Coast Range at a rather later
time than those so extensive in the Sierra.
j 6. The last column of Mr. Bowman's article
[is rather obscure, but if he wishes for eviden-
ces of volcanic outflows above glacial moraines
land striated rocks, I doubt not he can find it
(near the recent volcano described by Dr. Hark-
jness in the Mining and Scientific Pbess of
jNovember 2Jst, 1874, as well as about many
others less recent. He may find, by late geo-
logical text-books, that since the pliocene
{epoch there have been vast changes in the
jearth'B surface, before any evidence is found
jof man's existence; changes as great as the
jnew river beds of the Sierra seem to require.
Using the term quaternary instead of post
(pliocene, Prof. Dana dividts it thus:
Quaternary Aae.
Period 1. Glacial or drift. Period 2. Cham-
plain (melting.) Epoch 1. Diluvian. Epoch
2. Alluvian. Epoch 3. Recent. Era 1. Rein-
deer or second glacial. Era 2. Modern.
In Europe, if not in America, man probably
existed in the reindeer era. The mastodon
Americanus seems to have been cotemporary,
even if tbe last of this species was not killed by
man, as has been asserted. Now, the most
complete estimate (Dana's Manual, 1874, p.
590), giveB between 31.000 and 380,000 years
as baviog elapsed since the mastodon exist* d in"
the later Champlain epochs, just before the
recent period began. Taking the lowest esti
mate as right, there has certainly been ample
time for all of our surface erosions.
Brooks' Improvement in Distilling.
A correspondent writes us from Santa Clara
as follows: ■' In a late number of your journal
you give a partial description of an alleged im-
provement in distilling, patented by Mr. Brooks,
at the close of which you promise to speak
again of the invention. In case you do, will
you please enlighten us on a point mentioned,
which I cannot understand? While Mr.
Brooks' arrangement may work satisfactory in
practice, the theory must be wrong, in my
view. We all know that water, unions confintd
in a steamtight vessel, can not be raised to
a higher degree that 212*3. Now wort being
somewhat thicker, may be raised a few degrees
higher, but never to 269 "->, which is said to be
necessary to vaporize fusil. But we all know
that fusil will pass over, consequently it must
vaporize at little above the boiling point of
water, or it would not do it, and would remain
in the wort. Will you please explain?"
In answer to the above, we inform our corre-
spondent that Mr. Brooks does not vaporize
the fusil oil, but leaves it in the wort. His
still is so constructed that he cannot by any
possibility create a pressure inside of it, there-
fore, the heat in the still being not over 212^,
the fusil oil whioh requires 269"" of heat to be
converted into vapor must of necessity remain
in the wort, and when the spent wort is with-
drawn from tbe still, the fusil oil goes with i
to the sewer. The ether is first got rid of by a
preliminary condensing process, and is entirely
withdrawn from the still before the alcoholic
vapors begin to vaporize. This leaves him
free to withdraw tbe alcohol, water and essen-
tial oil of the gr^in without fear of carrying
over the fusil.
Dubing the year 1874 the coinage executed
at the Carson mint in gold was 158,139 pieces,
worth $2,670,675, and in silver 1,459,017 pieces,
worth $1,411,781 70. The average during 1874
waB three times greater than any previous year.
The coinage at present consists of $300,000 in
gold end $200,000 in silver per month. The
1 monthly deposits amount to $400,000 in gold
! and $300,000 in silver.
The water has been drained from shaft No. 2
' on the line of the Sutro tunnel. There is still
t a considerable flow through the drill-hole made
from the header, but it is only of water which
naturally flows from the west country rock.
About 600 men are now at work in the Con-
solidated Virginia mine. In all, the oxmpany
employ nearly 800 men.
The Microscopical Society.
The Snn Francisco Miooscopical Society
held ts regular meeting on Thursday evening,
President Asbbnrne in the chair. Two pro-
posals for resident membership were received,
and Henry Molineaux, Esq., was elected as
such.
Under the head of donations to the cabinet,
Mr. C. G. Ewiog presented a slide mounted
with a colony of polyps, sertularia, in glycer-
ine from San Pedro bay.
C. Mason Kinne donated five slides mounted
by him, comprising the elytron of a beetle,
showing very marked peculiarities; raw cotton
from near Visalia, Oal.; scale of salmon; raw
cotton ftom New Mexico; and white horse hair;
the three last named being mounted in balsam,
for the polariscope, and which proved worthy
objects for observation with that accessory.
Col. Kinne exhibited some lining protococcus,
which vegetable, moving freely in tbe same
drop of water with the animal forms Param-
ecium vorticella and others, and aided to show
how nearly the two great animal kingdoms are
allied in the so-called lower forms of life.
Dr. Eisen exhibited tbe tentacles of barnacles
(lepas), and a variety of marine alg» (ulva.)
Mr. Hyde, Vice-President of the Society, read
an interesting letter addressed to the members
of the Society, from Mr. Joseph Beck of Lon-
don, corresponding member, from which we
quote the following: "It is from those enthusi-
astic and ardent workers with our favorite in-
strument, living in new countries and sur-
rounded with objects inviting their examina-
tion, that we expect freBh contributions to our
stock of knowledge. In microscopical appa-
ratus there is but little new. We have increased
the angle of our Achromatic Condenser to suit
ihe purposes of those who are still studying
the ultimate structure of the diatomacese, and
under the direction and with the assistance of
Mr. Sorby, are introducing various novelties in
connection with the spectroscope, which is still
claiming much attention. The intricate nature
of some of these investigations, and the uncer-
tainties attending some of them, have led some
even to doubt the value of results obtained;
but each new fact is a step in advance, and I
cannot but believe that in due time the appear-
ance presented under this instrument will be of
great value to science. We have yet much to
learn, and I think that one branch that may be
of use will be the ascertaining of tbe time re-
quired for the absorption by vegetables of cer-
tain substances, thus aiding both the farmer
and the fruit-grower in the cultivation of their
crops. Some of the most interesting lectures
we have had over here, have been on the in-
stincts and queer reasoning faculties of insects,
by Sir J. Lubbock, and on the great discoveries
of submarine matter, resulting from tbe expe-
dition of the "Challenger."
A block of marble 30 feet 5 inches long, by
20 feet wide, and 10 feet in thickness, weigbiog
about 610 tons, was recently quarried near Co-
lumbia, Tuolumne county. It will be reduced
to smaller blocks and taken to San Francisco
for the Palace Hotel.
Several mining companies in Nevada county
are employing Chinese labor, to the exclusion
of white laborers, whereat the latter are very
much excited, as it is natural they should be.
Woek has been resumed at the Santa Cruz
powder mills, after a stoppage of some weeks.
They will run 13 mills, employing 120 hands.
California Railroad Items.
Railroad building and surveying is pretty
brisk in California just at present, and a num-
ber of new lints are piojected. In other places
railroads are being extended, and general uotiv
ity in this line prevails. We append a brief
synopsis of what is being done in different
places:
A nabbow gauge railroad from San Luis
Obispo down the ooast to Guadalupe in Santa
Barbara county, is to be constructed immedi-
ately. In fact, two of them, that of Goodall,
Nelson & Perkins, and auotber by the Hartford
railroad company; and the Santa Barbara Press
urges citizens of that place to build ou from
there to meet it. If this were doue, tie road
would soon be carried on to Salinas, and rail-
way connections with this city would be soon
accomplished. The Goodall & Nelson man-
agers have already purchased nine miles ot
iron for this road. They have also ordered
work to be pushed forward with all possible
lm-te, and the laborers are now on the way.
With no obstacles, such as injuue'ions, this
road will be completed in perhaps ninety days.
Tbe Hartford company assert their determin-
ation to construct their road as originally pro-
jected. They claim to have means to construct
their proposed road, and wilt carry out their
original plans, regardless of the Goodall &
Nelson company. The outlook at present is
that they will soon have two roads to San Luis
Obispo, and unless tbe Hartford company
make it the terminus of their road, will have
two roads south to the Santa Maria valley,
which is fast rivaling the Salinas valley as a
grain-producing district.
In urging the building of a railroad between
Obico and Colusa, the Colusa Sun says, as an
inducement, that if the Chicoites will build the
road, which will be between thirty-five and
thirty-six miles, responsible parties will con-
tract and give bonds in the sum of $200,000 for
the performance of it, to carry freight from
Colusa to the side of the ship anywere in the
Bay of San Franoisco for $2 a ton. A survey
of the line was oommenced on the 17th inst.
The surveying party returned on the 22d inst.,
and report a natural grade without the necessity
of a bridge or filling, on the air line road from
Colusa to Chico. The distance is thirty-five
miles, being over a level, rich, agricultural
country. There ia no doubt that the road will
be built soon enough, to carry the fall crop.
Colusa and Chico men Bay the stock will be
taken by local capitalists without trouble. The
farmers and owners of land along the proposed
route are enthusiastic in support of the road,
and will take stock to the extent of their means.
The San Lorenzo Flume and the Santa Cruz
and Felton railroad company have about 200
men at work, and the work progresses rapidly.
The flume will be fourteen miles in length, and
about one and three-quarter miles is completed
and working with perfect satisfaction. The
company's mill is located twenty-one miles
from Santa Cruz and cost $12,000: The rail-
road will be seven miles long, and most of the
surveyed route is graded.
The Mendocino Star learns that a joint stock
company has been formed, with a capital of
$30,000, for the purpose of constructing a rail-
road from the mouth of- Salmon creek to its
headwaters, known as the Salmon Creek Basin,
for the purpose of freighting short lumber to a
shipping point on the coast, and perhaps for
the purpose of freighting lumber, as it is inti-
mated tbat a sawmill will probably be built at
the headwaters of the creek.
The lease of the San Rifael and San Quen-
tin railroad to the North Pacific Coast company,
has been formerly completed, and the new ar-
rangements thereunder were fully inaugurated
last week. Three trips are run daily ou the
same hours as before, but the fare is reduced
to 50 cents. The company will at once reduce
the gauge of the old road to a narrow gauge.
Wobe on the railroad bridge, over Salinas
river, which was partially swept away by the
flood some time ago, is progressing as rapidly
as possible, and the road is expected to be in
running order again some time this month.
The Narrow-Gauge railroad between Salinas
City and Monterey, will again soon be in run-
ning order, but the exact time cannot yet be
stated.
Thebe are 300 men at work on the Los
Angeles and Independence railroad.
Patents & Inventions
Panamtnt. — A gentleman Justin from Pana-
mint gives some items in relation to those
mines. The Wyoming ledp.e is found to be six
feet wide at a depth of 144 feet below tbe sur-
face. Tbe Hemlock and Alabama rlatins are
prospecting equally well with the Wyoming.
The company's mill will be ready to go to work
in sixty days. All the machinery is now either
in Panamint or on wheels on the way for that
place.
Good, efficient mill hands are very scarce
now on Puget Sound, W. T., the industrious,
the able young men seeming to have mostly left
the country— gone north to tbe mines or south
to California. To obviate the difficulties expe-
rienced from this cause, tbe Port Gamble com-
pany Bent to Macbias, Maine, for twenty-five
men to come West and work for them. ,
A gypsum mine was discovered a few days
since, near lone City, Amador county. The
mine will be immediately opened, if found
practicable.
A. Weekly List of D. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
(Fnou Official Refohtb fob the Mtxrao and Boies.
Tine Pbem, DEWEY k CO., Publish cm and
U. 8. and Fobxion Patent Aoknth.]
By Special Dispatch. Dated Washington
D. C. March. 23, 1675.
Fob Week Ending Mabch 0, 1875. .
Bill Filk.— F. B. Alderson, San Jose, Cal.
Button-Holm Casing. — Virginia V. Balmfoith.
Oakland, Cal.
Road Scbaper. — Abijah McCaH, of Saratoga
and Jumes T. Watkins and Jasper M Scott,
Santa Clara, Cal.
Non-Fbeezinq Hydrant tor Fibkplugb Etc. —
Huston I. Chapman, Portland, Oregon.
Gbain and Straw Lifter. — Donald Crane,
Knight's Landing, Cal.
Wateb Elevator or Chain Pump. — Orson A.
Davis, Waehington, Cal.
Reversible Pinion for Watches.— J. Gordon,
San Francisco, Cal.
Fnurr Dbteb.— Levi A. Gould, Santu Clara,
Cal.
Ice-Makino AppABATts, — William Hood, San
Francisco, ChI.
Ore Feedeb.— James Tullock, Sonora, Cal.
Earth Auoeb. — Elisha Whitney, Marysville,
Cal.
Stud Fastening.— Babe* Zacharias, S. F. Oil.
Metallubgic Furnace. — John Feix, 8. F.,Cal.
Clothes Spbinkleb.— William Obon, Sacra-
mento, Cal.
Tbadk: Mask
For axes.— Richard Patrick & Co., S. F. Cal.
The patents are not ready lor delivery by tfce
Patent Office until some 14 days after thedate of Issue.
Note. — Ooplea of D. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., In the shortest time ponaiblu (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and In tbe shortest possible time.
Agricultural Items.
The rain Bhowers which visited San Fran-
cisco on Monday the 22d, though slight, seem
to have been quite general in tbe central and
northern part of the State. The following
brief weather items of that day will prove of
interest: Emigrant Gap — It is raining a little;
thermometer, 44; Blue Canon— Calm and rain-
ing, thermometer, 42; Rocklin— Cloudy aod
windy; Trnckee — Cloudy and snowing tbe
least bit; it is more rain than snow; strong
wind from southeast, very cold; Colfax —
Cloudy, windwest; Summit— Cloudy and calm;
thermometer, 28; barometer, 23; it baa quit
snowing ; Marysville — Cloudy ; has been sprink-
ling this morning; wind south; Chico— Cloudy ;
south wind; no rain; cold; Redding — Raining;
Cisco — Weather drizzling; wind southwest;
thermometer, 40; Sacramento— Cloudy; strong
south wind; Shasta — It commenced to rain
here about eight o'clock this evening; wind
south; there are prospects of a glorious rain;
Tehama— There are good prospects for rain
soon; it is very cloudy; wind southeast; Dixon
— There was a slight sprinkle of rain this
morning; weather cloudy and cold ; windsouth.
Newmark & Co. have sold the Santa Anita
ranch to Thomas B. Fawcett of San Francisco,
for $200,000 cash. Tbe ranch contains 8,000
acres and is situated in the valley of the San
Gabriel river, eleven miles from Los Angeles,
and was purchased by Messrs. Newmark & Co.
three years since, for $85,000.
Expebiments made recently in the East are
decided proof tbat it will pay to pick out the
most perfect potatoes for seed, no matter what
the price may be, and that it is a losing game to
plant the refuse timbers.
The Healdsburg Flag says that in Russian
River valley, and generally in Sonoma county,
nearly eyery acre has been seeded, and the
prospects for abundant crops were never more
flattering.
The Marysville Appeal of the 20th says:
"Farmers who have been holding over hay for
spring prices are now hauling it to market and
the stables are supplying themselves at low
rates."
A gband horse and cattle show is to be held
at Petaluma April 3d, which will probably
prove tbe grandest exhibition of the kind ever
held in Sonoma county.
Alfalfa, in the opinion of the Yolo Mail, meets
the demand of a grass that will withstand the
hot sun, a parched earth, and the dessioating
winds that sweep down the Yolo valley.
A gentleman reports to the Hollister Ad-
vance that the country south of there is prosper-
ous, but the I'eed'is none too plentiful for the
large flocks on the range.
The Foothill Tidings calls attention to the
fact tbat the foothills of the State are admirably
adapted for raising sumao, a material much
used for tanning purposes.
Thbee thousand acres in San Benito county
are planted in flax.
Utah has in successful operation thirty-one
silver smelting furnaces, four arastras, odo sepa-
rating and refining work?, four concentrating
works, and thirteen silver mills.
A new mining district has been organized in
Napa county, and ia called Schramburg.
210
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 27, 1875
Tapping a Shaft.
The Virginia Enterprise describes as follows
the operation of tapping shaft No. 2 in the
Sutro tantf-l. The tapping of the water in
shaft No. 2, Sutro tunnel, was yesterday suc-
cessfully accoiriplished under the supervision
of chief engineer of the work, Carl O. Weder-
kineh, a most accomplished young engineer.
He had charge of the central shaft section of
the Hoosac tunnel, and has had much experi-
ence in other large .works of the kind. He
took charge of the Sutro tunnel as chief engi-
neer May 1, 1874, and has since been conduct-
ing that work. It will be remembered that en
the 30ih of Judo, 1874, the men were driven
out of shaft No. 2 by the striking of a heavy
body of water as they were drifting west from
its bottom. The volume of water was too
great to be handled by the pumps and the shaft,
1,010 feet in depth, was filled up to within 100
feet of its top. Work at that point was then
suspended until the tunnel header should be
advaoct d far enough to tap the immense body
of water contained in the shaft. On the 8th
instant the regular work of driving the header
of the tunnel was suspended, being at a dis-
tance of 8.800 feet from the mouth of the tun-
nel and 98 feet from the water in shaft No. 2.
A diamond drill was mounted and adjusted by
Mr. Wtderkineh, with the aid of a transit in-
strument in obtaining the line and a leveling
instiument for the grade, in order to exactly
strike the header driven east from shaft No. 2,
A double bulkhead, built of 12-iuch timbers
was constructed between the drilling machine
and the face of the tunnel, with a quarter-inch
boiler plate slide arranged vertically in its cen-
ter. Drilling was begun on the 9th instant at
11 o'clock p. m., the power for the drill being
compressed air. It made its way through the
unusually hard rock at an average speed of 18
inches eviry 15 minutes, diameter of hole be-
ing 2 inches. Excepting one interruption of
several hours caused by the breaking of the
diamond bit, the drilling went on finely, and on
March 11, at 2 a. m., three times three cheers
were heard from all when the drill-rod
broke through. The water coming out at the
side of the rod under a head of 835 feet (to
which the water had lowered since June), was
white as snow, and quite hard to feel of. Great
caro was taken in letting back the drill-rod,
but after a few feet had come out, the friction
betweeu the machine and rod and the grip of
every man present was no longer sufficient. It
went, like a streak of lightning, even not lack-
ing the fiery part, and finally lodged back in
the tunnel. The plate in the middle of the
bulkhead went down in front of the hole,
changing the 120 inches of water coming out
into a beautiful white feathery-shaped fountain
The idea of striking the workings of No. 2
shaft by a diamond drill through 100 feet of
rock, at a distance of one and two-thirds miles
from the mouth of the tunnel, has been
doubted by most everj one; its successful ter-
mination establishes here the already well-
earned name that Mr. "Wederkineh has attained
by his accurate work on the Hoosac tunnel
and in other places. In three hours the water
bad been lowered in the shaft 128 feet. Last
evening, however, we we're informed that the
fi )W had ceased. It is supposed that the drill
hole is stepped up by a piece of rock, or that a
stick of timber has been sucked tightly against
it. The obstruction, whatever it may be, will
doubtless be shortly removed.
Machineby fobthe Mines. — A large amount
of machinery is now arriving almost daily for
mines along the Comstock lode. Yesterday
there arrived for the Silver Hill mining com-
pany a Corliss engine, said to be the largest
engine of the kind on the Comstock. The
frame or bed of the engine alone weighs 25,-
000 pounds. There were two car-loads of the
machinery and its aggregate weight was 40,000
pounds. Two car-loads of machinery consist-
ing of a steam chest, pump column, etc., ar-
rived for the Florida mining company. Two
car-loads of new machinery also arrived for the
Utah mining company, making four car-loads
received by that company during the past two
days. Among the machinery received yester-
day was a shaft weighing 7,620 pounds. The
Consolidated Virginia mining company yester-
day received one pinion and two spur wheels
for their big mill, the weight of which was
5,870 pounds. -There also arrived for the
Gould & Curry company a lot of seventy-two
strap plates, weighing in the aggregate 16,000
pounds. Thus is machinery of all kinds, from
a large steam engine down to a small wheel or
shaft, rolling in from the huge machine shops
and founderies of San Francisco. This is all
in addition to the vast amount of work of all
kinds turned out by the several foundries, ma-
chine shops and boiler shops of this city and
Gold Hill. Much machinery in the shape of
air compressers,"blowers, Burleigh and other
drills of that kind, is brought here from the
Atlantic States, while we have steel-wire cables
ani ni! ny other things from Europe. — Enter-
prise.
Speaking of the large number of immigrants
ariiviug in Virginia City, the Enterprise says:
' Not one in ten of these people are of any use
here. They know nothing of mining and many
of them are without any trade. Why farmers
and men who have all their lives been engaged
in similar occupations should rush to our mines
it is hard to understand."
South Mountain
A correspondent of the Idaho Avalanche
writes from South Mountain a letter from
which we make the following extracts:
The operations of the smelting works for the
month of February have been light compared
with what can and will be done in future. As
stated in a previous letter the new furnace was
put in operation on the 7th ult., and for want
of coal shut down on the 18th. On account of
the moisture of the new furnace, the firstthree
days' operations amounted to nothing; conse-
quently there were but nine days that produced
any other results than the drying of the fur-
nace. In these nine days two hundred and
sixty tons of ore were put through, producing
a little more than thirty-eight tons of bullion,
containg:
Silver $13,292.53
And Lead .-... 3,040.00
Aggregating , ...$16,332.53
The cost of mining, transporting the ore to
furnace and smelting is not more than $22.50
per ton— 260 tons make $5,850.00
Leaving the Bum of $10,482.53
From which we subtract freight to San Fran-
ci&oo on 38 tons at $40 per ton......... $1,520.00
And there is a balance and profit of $8,362.53
Or nearly$l,000per day on one furnace
The Coal
Used heretofore has been principally from fir
timber. Juniper is said to make a much better
article and will- be used mainly hereafter. The
cost of coal will be1, much less, as well as the
quality improved next 6ummer. Now teams
that draw it to the sheds have their work to do
in and over dtep enow, and have to be fed. on
hay and grain at high figures. Next summer
they will have good roads to work on, and the
rich grasses of a "thousand hills" to feed upon;
consequently the cost of transportation from
the pita will be greatly reduced.
All the Ledges
So far wo'ked or prospected cluster around the
town of South Mountain, but I am id formed
by those who explored the country whtn the
ground was clear of snow, for a distance of six
miles to the east there is a continuous range
of metal-bearing ledges sure to be developed
during the coming summer, and that as you go
east the quality of precious metala increases
while the quality of base metals decreases.
Estimating the Value of Quartz Speci-
mens.
Down at the banking rooms of the late A.
Delano, as Superintendent Snyder from day to
day brings up samples of the gold quartz com-
ing out of the New York Hill mine, there is a
great deal of guessing and estimating on the
value of gold in the different pieces. There is
a rule for ascertaining very closely the percent-
age of gold in a mixture of gold and quartz,
and we have taken pains to condense and sim-
plify from several metallurgical works before
us as follows:
First ascertain the specific gravity of the gold
specimen, by weighing it first in air, and htn
suspended by a fibre of silk, in water, and divi-
ding the weight in air by the difference. Sup-
pose it to be 8.067. The specific gravity of
gold is 19.000; that of quartz is 2.600.
A. Deduct the specific gravity of the speci-
men from the specific gravity of the gold; the
difference is the ratio of the quartz by volume:
19.000—8.067=10.933.
B. , Deduct the specific gravity of the quartz
from the specific gravity of the specimen j the
difference is the ratio of the gold by volume :
8.067—2 600=5.467.
C. Add these ratios together, and proceed
by the rule^of proportion. The product is the
percentage' 6f gold by bulk:
10.933 t 5.467=16.400.
16 4 is to 6.467 as 100 is to 33.35.
D. Multiply the percentage of gold by bulk,
by its specific gravity. The product is the ratio
of the gold in the mixture by weight :
33.35x19.00=633.65.
E. Multiply the percentage of quartz by
bulk, by its specific gravity. The product is
the ratio of the quartz in* the mixture by
weight:
66.65x2.60=173.29.
IT. To find the percentage, add these ratios
together, and proceed by the rule of proportion:
633.65x173 29=806 94.
806.94 is to 633.65 as 100 is to 78.35.
Hence a mixture of quartz aud gnld, having
the specific gravity of 8.067, contains 78.53 per
cent, of gold by weight. — Foothill Tidings,
The Jettee System.
Among the closing acts of Congress was a
large appropriation for applying the jettee sys-
tem for deepening and keeping open the
mouth of the Mississippi river. In this con-
nection it may be interesting to learn what the
application of this system has done for im-
proving the navigation of some of the princi-
pal rivers of Europe. We" copy from an ex-
change :
ThE mouth of the river Libau in Russia had
six feet of water before the introduction of the
jettee system and 16 feet of water after its com-
pletion. The river Pernau in Russia, six feet
before and 16 feet afterward. The river Warne
in Prussia had Bix feet of water before the in-
troduction of the jettee system, and 13 feet af:
forwards. The river Niemen' in Prussia had at
its mouth a depth of only ten feet before the
jeltees were applied, but afterward and up to
the present time the depth of the water has
been 23 to 24 feet. The river Pregel in Prus-
sia had 12 feet of water before the application
of the jettees, and now has 20 feet, though the
improvement is not yet completed. The river
Oder in Prussia had seven feet of water before
the jettees were applied, and now it has 23 to
24 feet. The jettees there are permanent in
their character. The river Danube, the mouth
of which is very similar to that of the Missis-
sipdi, had nine feet of water before the appli-
cation of the jettee system, and now has 21%
feet. The river Trave in Prussia had seven
feet of water before jettees were constructed,
and it now has 18.
Paeties are already making their arrange-
ments for extensive salt manufacture at Cor-
rine, as soon as the spring opens.
Mexican Mines. — A correspondent of the
Bulletin, writing from Mazatlan, says: The
scarcity and dearness of quicksilver is appa-
rently the reason why thii port is going to lose
most of its trade. With the exception of the
Tajo mine, near El Rosario, the Alacran at Co-
pala, and Tamazula near Culiacan, almost all
the work in the other mining districts had to
be stopped, and particularly at Cosala, the
whole population is bankrupt, no returns
coming from there for sometime. Fortunately
the reports from Guadalcazar in San Luis Po-
tosi, and from Huitzuco in Guerrero, are very
favorable, and as equally valuable . cinnabar
mines have been discovered in other parts of
the woi Id, it is to be hoped that the price of
quicksilver will lower. At Oaxaca and at
Culiacan the mines have imitated the California
style of working on shares instead of the twen-
ty-four barras, in which a mine used to be
divided. The compaLies issue from 6 to
3.000 shares, and their value is daily quoted at
the exchange; however, the principle has al-
ready been adopted some time ago in the City
of Mexico, vihere a regular stock exchange ex-
ists. It is only something new in the minor
places. The mining reports from Sonora and
Lower California are very favorable, and no
'Indian aggressions are reported from the Amer-
ican frontier.
Minebal Character or Public Lands, — An
opinion of the Supreme Court, in the case of
McLaughlin vs. Powell, recently filed, in which
the question of proving the mineral charae'er
of public lands is decided, and which contains
a point that may be of interest to parties in
this district. The court holds that in an action
for the possession of patented lands, wherein
the mineral lands are excepted, while the plain-
tiff may not be required to prove the non-min-
eral character of the land, the d(-fei*dant must
be permitted to establish that the lands sued
for are within the exception. The reverse was
the ruling of the oourt below, and upon this
point the Supreme Court reversed the judg-
ment, and remanded the case for a new trial.
The opinion is by McKinstry.— Stockton Inde-
pendent.
Prospect Mountain.— From S. J. Beebe we
learn that considerable work is fceing done on
the western sloDe of this lofty range. On the
Manhattan' claim, which was located in 1869.
an incline has been opened from the bottom of
the main shaft, and a pipe vein about two feet
in diameter has been exposed, the ore of which
assays from S120 to $160. The Cloud ledge
has been opened to a depth of 50 feet, and sev-
eral tons of excellent smelting ore have been
extracted, assaying about $80 in silver, with 50
per cent. lead. Work is still being prosecuted
with advantage on the Williams mine, the Star,
and several others. If the owners could only
get a fair price for their ore, so that they might
be enabled to meet current expenses, several
valuable mines would soon be developed. —
Eureka Saniinel.
The Livermore Coal Mine.
The Livermore Enterprise says: On Sunday
morning we took-a ran np to the Livermore
coalmine. Superintendent Thomas Harris es-
corted us to the newly discovered vein of coal,
which is located about two hundred yards to
the north of his residence, and there gave ua
all the information necessary on the occasion.
The shaft was started about five feet square
and at air angle of forty degrees incline. It*
follows a heavy hanging wall of arm sandstone,
which passeB through the hill from east to
wesl and pitches to the north. The seam of i
coal was very light at first, but at a depth of
fifteen feet commenced to be compact and took
body. From this point till they reached about
thirty-five feet, the vein increased in size until
it became three feet, the hanging wall becom- 1
ing as smooth and solid as granite, and the
foot-wall well defined. But little if any dirt
next to the coal. At fifty feet the strata had
widened to five feet of very clear, glossy coal.
But little water has so far troubled the. work-
men in their descent, and they are enabled to
work rapidly and to great advantage. On top
of ground there was upwards of twenty tons
of coal ready for, shipment. The company are
arranging to erect suitable hoisting works and
prosecute the sinking of their shaft to a depth
of perhaps two hundred feet.
It is a matter not to be doubted now that-a -
heavy body of coal has been found in this new *
mine, and the company are assured by experi-
enced coal miners that thousands of tons are
in sight. Wa think as soon as the proper
hoisting works are erected and other necessary
machinery placed upon the ground, work will
be pushed to great pecuniary advantage. At
present our people generally feel highly elated
over the prospects of the mine, and confidence
in its beneficial advantages to on f town is gain-
ing strength. The shaft on Friday morning
had reached a depth of 110 feet, with the vein
still increasing in width, and coal improving in
quality.
The Monroe mine is the name given to the
quartz lode lately takeu'np by Messrs. Getobell,
Mosber M Campbell at the Lone Tree, above
Wheatland. Samples of the rock have been
taken to San Francisco for assay, and the own-
ers expect rich returns.
Montana is using its first Burleigh drill, in-i
troduced there by the Notional Mining Cotn-i
pany at Unionville-.
The sulphuret reduction works being erected
near Nevada City are nearly completed.
A Pony Mill. — A neat mill, capable of re-
ducing three tons of ore per day, has just been
erected in Lower Gold Hill by Mr. Charles
Feusief, a man who has had much practical
experience in milling. This little mill will be
of great use in making working tests of ores for
new mining companies and in working for men
who own small veins containing occasional
pockets of rich rock. In the vicinity of Silver
City there are many small leads of gold-bearing
quartz, in working which poor men might make
very good wages provided there was a place
where they could get their ore speedily and
honorably worked whenever they bad accumu-
lated a lot of from ten to fifty tons. A mill
supplying this want should do a good business.
— Enterprise,
The fever created by the mineral develop-
ments at Newburyport, Mass., is such that the
Newbury port Eerald says: ''Pasture lands
which stood on the assessor's books at $8 aD
acre have actually been sold at about §2000 an
acre where there had been no ores found,
but merely from the fact that they were adjoin-
ing the mines, and in a line. with the vein which
has been determined."
Heavy Blast. — Thirteen thousand and one
hundred pounds of Santa Cruz powder was ex-
ploded in the Enterprise mine at Sucker Flat on
the 18th ins. preparing, a large quantity of
gravel for washing.
The quicksilver mines in San Luis Obispo
county produced 500 flasks last month. An ad-
ditional mine will start a furnace soon, when
the yield will aggregate not less than 900 flasks
monthly.
STEELE, ELDER & 00.,
WHOLESALE
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOB THE 8ALE OF
California Dairy Produce,
GRAIN & QUICKSILVER,
I
204 Front Street, San Francisco.
■i
AGENTS FOE THE
Missouri,
Kentuck,
Ida Clayton
and Yellow Jacket
Qnicksilrer Mines.
All orders for Supplies (and Machinery foi
Mines promptly attended to.
RETORTS, POWDER and MINERS' TOOLS
Supplied at Importers' Prices
3v9-eow-bp
karch 27, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
211
teijiess birectory.
m. umr. jmti a. Hinn
GRAY & HAVEN,
TOHNEYH AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
•f P*ciac Insurance Co. M. K. corner O-li
*ornl« »u ' L«ld«»dorrt vtreeU.
.SAW l'R*)#riS''a
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. comer Haoramento.
[i- iioatrumenu made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-Sm
JOSEPH OILLOTTS
8TEEL PENS.
>i«hk> imiti-
BARTLING & KIMBALL,
fOOKBIlVIJEItS,
jer Kulers and Blank Book Manufacturers
&O& C'lavr atrvettfouthweatcor. sensoine).
Mm SAN FRANCISCO . „
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
jjorney at Law and Counselor In Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. F.
efera to Dewey k Co., Patent Agenta : Judge 8,
(tenfold! or B. H. Height. 6v28-am
banking.
ie Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN ni.l.VCIMO.
Capital. Five Million Dollars.
V. KBLLOOG. President.
\ HASTINGS Manager.
.TAN BBITNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street, San Francisco.
(otjntze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
low interest at the rate cf Four per cent, upor
laily balances of Gold and Currency.
:eivo consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
pillion, and make Cash advances thereon.
rite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
Bush street, above Kearny SAN PRANCI80O
rJ7tf a. MA HE, Director.
ALUABLE STANDARD WORKS.
NYSTROM'S MECHANICS.
.pocket-Book of Mechanics and Engineering. Con-
taining a Memo -andnm of Facts and Connection of
practice and Theory. By Jobn W. Ntbthom, C. E.
.eleventh edition. Revisod and greatly enlarged by
[be addition of valuable original matter. Fully
(m-ostbated. 16mo. Pocket-Book form. Gilt edges.
•3.60.
(■Nothing aeemB to be wanting which an engineer
tents to find in hie pocket-book. The tableB are
pre than ordinarily complete." — Eclectic Engineering
I \garine.
TABLES OP MINERALS.
bles for the Determination of Minerals by their
Physical Properties. Translated from the German of
-Vfinbacn. Enlarged and furnished with a Set of
Mineral Formulas, a Column of Specific Gravities,
Vnd one of the Characteristic Blowpipe Reactions.
py Pkbbifor Frazbr, Jr., A. M., Member of the
American Philosophical Society, etc. 12mo. Roan
Limp $2 .00.
'We have here an exceedingly usefnl and compendia
Is guide for explorers, who frequently havo to pro-
lunce on substances tn situ, where no laboratory is at
fnd. The eminent author gives many new lights on
maificatioii, and his aim has been throughout to
jader the science of mineralogy as clear and access-
ie as its complicated natnre will permit. The trans-
;or's work has been done faithfully and intelligently."
Scientific American.
For sale by Booksellers generally, or will be Bent by
ill postpaid on receipt of the price by
T.B. LIPPINCOTT 6t CO., Publishers,
715 and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia.
The National Gold Medal
WAS AWARDED TO
1RADLEY & KUL0FS0N
FOB THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE
JNITED STATES,
AND THE
VIENNA MEDAL
OR THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
No. 429 Montgomery Street,
eowbp San Francisco, Oal.
Ifotalllifgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR A CO.,
IMPOBTEES OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. ETC.,
618 and 614 Washington street. BAN FBAN0I8CO
We would cell the apodal attention of Asaayer*
Chemists. Mining Companies, Milling CoiunsjtieE
Proepoctore, otc., to our large and well adapted stock
AS8AYERS' MATERIALS
— AND —
Chemical Apparatus,
Hating been engaged In furnishing these supplies sine -.
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Oewt.
•V* Our Gold and Silver Tablet., showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tableB for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26*tf JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stunil Unrivaled,
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required r* pairs, The constant and Increasing de-
mand for them iti sufficient evidence of tholr merits.
They are constructed so »s to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of the moller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces.—
Thence It is thrown to the periphery Into the quickBllver.
The curved plates again draw it to »he center, where it
paeseB down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it 1b constantly passing a regular How between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal.
gamated.
Setters made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quickriilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setters
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francis©*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTJHN.
C. A. LUCKHARDT,
Mining; Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODO-ERS. MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHA1VT8,
A!1V.UCE» HADE
Vnaii kind* of Ores, and particular otlentloa
PAID TO
CONSIGNMENTS OF GOOM.
ivlC-Sm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination o£ Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENBY Qt. HANKS
Will receive afew pupils" at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up. stairs. TEKMS MODEBAT E
LEOPOLD KTJH,
(Formerly of the D. B. Branch Mint, B. F.)
Ajssnyer and Metall'iwjriea.J
CHEMIST,
No. Oil Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint
■8ah Fbanoibco Oal. 7v31-8n:
W. BREDEMEYER,
MINING,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
wait Lake, XL T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furniBhed; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block. " ' ■ J
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of Shafts. P- O. Box 1167.
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stovesand Metals. Tinners' Goods. Tools and Machines;
111 and 11' California St., 17 and 19 Davis St., Han ri-an-
oisoo. and 178 J St.. Sacramento. mr.-iy
ffecellapte fJotice?,
50 per cent. Better than any-
Imported Mustard-
Ask Your Grocer lor it.
9vfi-eow-bp.
gm^fe.** co^
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep.
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred sheep,
so that the cost of dipping is a mem triiie, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their Hocks.
Th s Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, givlug
full directions for its use, also certificates of proinuent
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounee It the most effective an-J reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
Quartz Mill for Sale
At Mineral Hill, Elko County, Nevada, four miles from
Mineral Hill Station, on the Palisade and Eureka Rail-
road, and 35 miles from the Central Pacific Railroad.
The Mineral Hill Silver Mines Company (Limited
offer for sale their new 20-stamp mill (dry crushing)
built by H. J. Booth J: Co, of San Francisco.
The mill is complete in every respect, with engine.
Boilers, Stetefeldt Furnace and all modern appliances,
and 1b as good as new. having only run two months
upon ore;
The whole is offered very cheap forcash. For further
information apply to
H. H O ABIES, Superintendent.
Mineral Hill, Nevada.
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
and Sulphuric Acid Manufacturers.
For sale or to lease, the LEVIATHAN COPPER
MINE, In Alpine county. California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metalllo copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations realized $30,-
000 for BlueBtone. In sight, 2,000 tonB 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons "5 per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Cost of
extraction, $\ There is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickoesa, impregnated with 26 per cent, of
pur© sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantage-
ous terms will be offered. For further particulars
apply to Louis Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpln
county, Cal.
Suttee Creek. February 26th, 1875
Messrs. Dewey & Co. — I have received my Letters
Patent through your agency. And, for your prompt
ness, accept my thanks. Tours, S. N. Knight.
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO.,
Patent Riveted
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery St.,
Ban Francisco.
These goods are specially
adapted for the use of
FARMERS, MECHANICS,
MINERS, and WORKING
MEN in general. They
are manufactured of the
Best Material, and In *
Sunetlor Manner. A trial
will convince everybody of
this f.irt.
Patented May 12, 1873.
USE NO OTHER, AND tNQUIBE FOR THESE
GOODS ONLY. vow-bp
Ayer's Hair Vigor
—FOE —
RESTORING GR AY HAIR
TO ITS NATURAL VITALITY AND COLOR.
Advancing years, sick-
neBS, care, disappoint-
ment, and hereditary
predisposition, all turn
the hair gray, and either
of them incline it to shed
prematurely.
Ayee's Haib Vigor, by
long and extensive uso,
has proven that it stops
the falling of the hair
immediately, often re-
news the growth, and always surely restores Its color,
when faded or gray. It Btimclates the nutritive organs
to healthy activity, and preserves both the hair and its
beauty. Thus brashy, weak or sickly hair becomes
glossy, pliable and strengthened; lost hair regrows with
lively expression; falling hair is checked and stabllsked;
thin hair thickens; and faded or gray hair resume their
original color. Its operation is snre and harmless. It
cures dandruff, heals all humors, and keeps the1 sculp
cool, clean and soft — under which conditions, diseases
of the Bcalp are impossible.
As a dressing for ladies' hair, the Vigor is praised for
its grateful and agreeable perfume, and valued for the
soft luster audrichnesB of tone it impartB.
PREPARED BY
DR. J. C. AYEB & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
»?" Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & EEIGHAM, Wholesale Agents,
jyl8-Ba SAN TBANCISOO.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
16 to 20
pounds.
BRAHMAS, GAMES
HOUDANS.
Emden Geese
10 to 60 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
Black
CAYUGA DUCKS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to taatob after arrivs I on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated (Jirculur and Price-
List, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS,
SAN FRANOIBOO,
MannfaoturerB of
Linseed and Castor Oils,
OIL CAKES AND MEAL.
Highest price paid for Flax Seed and Castor Beans de
Uvered at our works.
Office, 3 and 5 Front-street,
Works, King street, bet. Second and Third. fel6-eow
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on haudalarge stock of Manila Rope, all bizos:
Tarrea Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Wbale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO..
de20 Ml and fiI3 Front street. San Francisco.
£yery Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL, MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find the work valuable far boyond
its cost. Published by Dewey & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press.
Price, post paid, £1.
Mining and Scientific Press.— Unquestionably the
best mining paper in America for those intert-Bted in
gold or silver, placer or quartz mining. Is the Minims
and Scientific Press, published by Dewey & Co., Ban
Francisco; terms SI (gold coin) per annum. It is d< -
voted especially to mining affairB, has an able corps of
editors and correspondents, publishes all important
legislation relating to mining matters, inveBtigatrs and
produces with illustrations the new machinery and
processes of mining and reducing, ard Kindred sub.
jects, and gives full account of operations in the Pacini
States and Territories. There is scarcely anything
published in it but what i» of interest to miners, and
local papers can reproduce but little of this matter,
and that without illustrations,— New NortJi West.
'212
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 27, 187;)
General News Items.
Postoffioe changes for the week: — Estab-
lished: Excelsior, Sonoma county, 0. Walker,
P. M.; Isolatta, Sacramento county, Cal.; <To-
aiah Pool; Los Angeles county. Gal., Josiah
Locke, Camp Polk, -Washington county, Or.
Samuel W. Hendlan; Possy Rock, Lewis
county, W. T-, Mrs. Ira Watson; New Askiem
Prairie. Lewis county, W. T., Marcell Perlier;
Silver Creek, Lewis connty, W. T.; John Tuck-
er. Appointments: Carl E. White, Albion,
Mendocino county, Cal. ; George "W. Scott, at
Cache Creek, Yolo county, Gal.; James F.
Swain, at Modesto, Stanislaus county, Cal.;
Alfred Frje, at St. Thomas, Lincoln county,
Nov.; Mrs.L. L. Wimpy, atHingman's Creek,
Stevens county, W. T. ; Wm. P. tPole, at Beaver,
Beaver county, Utah; U. F. (•runniapn. at Gun-
nison, San Pete county, Utah; iTamjes J. Walk-
er, at Kay sville, Davis county/Utah; William
Ohnesorgen, at San Pedcp, Pima county, Ari-
zona..
Capt. Habloe, a '49-er, and well kixown as a
steamship captain on1 this coast, and latterly
in the employ of the.G, N. P. S.<S. Co., has
permanently retired from a sea-faring life, and
will devote the rest of his days to agricultural
pursuits. The company presented him with a
handsome gold watch and complimentary letter
on the occasion of leaving their service.
General Butlek says the Civil Eights bill
does not give the negroes any private or social
rights more than they have at common law in
barber shops, saloons, etc., but was intended to
apply to public conveyences, licensed amuse-
ments, etc.
On Monday last Andy Johnson . spoke in
the Senate in opposition to tbe .Louisiana reso-
lution. Just seven years ago the initial steps
for his impeachment were taken in that cham-
ber. His arraignment of the President was a
severe one.
Peteb Coopeh. Manton Marble, Bierstidt,
E L. Youmans of the Popular Science Monthly,
Judge S. J. Euggles, John Hay, Judge Gurtis,
and a number of other prominent New Yorkers
propose visiting California in May.
E. P\ Buckley, late license collector of San
Francisco, turned oat to have been a Boss
Tweed on a small scale. He swindled tbe city
out of nearly $100,000 per annum during bis
term.
By order of Governor Pacheco the execution
of William Dona, who was to have been hanged
at Modesto, on the 19th insr., has been stayed
until Friday, April 2d.
Tibtjkcio Vasqtjez, the notorious bandit, was
hanged at San Jost; on the 19th inst. Tbe cu-
rious paid $1 au inch for the rope that swung
him fromtiie scaffold into eternity.
The flood at Port Deposit, Maryland, and
Havre de Grace, is stated to be fearful, tbe wa-
ter is (from five to fifteen feet deep in the
streets.
The resolution sustaining the bandits action
in tbe Louisiana affair passed tbe Senate on
Tuesday — Johnson and Booth voting with the
Democrats in the negative.
Charles Perkins, a machinist by trade, sui-
cided in Gold Hill last week. Dissipation and
domestic troubles the cniise.
An ice gorge extends \n the Delawa' e river
eighteen miles, and' the ice all the way is from
ten to fifteen feet high.
Thermometer at 5 deg. below zero; and gold
16% above par in New York on the 22d — a blue
Monday that.
The Beecher case is still the "chief sorrow "
in Brooklyn. BesBie Turner has been oh the
witness stand for nearly a week..
Chief Justice McKeau, of Utah, bas been re-
moved, and David P. Low appointed in his
place. ,
The P. M. S. S. Co. offer for sal© their steam-
ers, Arizona, Ancon, Moses Taylor and Ne-
braska.
The Senate has confirmed the reciprocity
treaty with the Sandwich islands.
Chavez, the bandit, was in HolUster the eve-
ning of the day Vasquez was hanged.
John Mitchell, the Irish patriot, is dead.
Healdsbubg wants a public library.
The Senate has adjourned sine die.
Four, coal banks are in operation near Em-
pire City, Oregon. Each mine employs about
seventy-five men. Fifty tons are daily taken
out of each mine. The coal is extensive, and
most of it is shipped to San Francisco.
The Lewis mining district, established last
fall, sixteen miles southwest of Battle moun-
tain, promises to be one of the best in the east-
ern part of Nevada.
Slate from the Chile Bar quarry, El Dorado
county, waB used in repairing the roof of the
Cary House, Placerville. It is a very snpenor
article.
_ There are a gre t many persons on Puget
Sound, W. T., preparing to go to the Cassiar
mines this spring.
Over five hundred men are mining in Beir
valley, San Bernardino county.
One of the oil wells in San Fernando is now
flowing fifty barrels of oil par day.
Woodwabd'b Gardens embraces an Aquarium. Muae-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses.
Menagerie, Seal Fonda and Skating Rink,
METALS.
[WHOLESALE. 1
Wednesday m., March 21, 1875.
AmerioanPig Iron,$ ton @ 46 00
Scotch Pig lron.if* ton 46 00 to) 48 00
White Pig, # ton — — ^ '"
Oregon Pig.^ ton
Refined Bar, bad assortment, $ lb
Refined Bar, good assortment, $ lb. — —
Boiler. No. 1 to 4. i... — —
Plate, No. 5 to 9 — —
Sheet, No. 10 to 13...- *...
Sheet, No. 14 to 20
Sheet, No. 24 to 27 —08
Horse Shoes, per keg 7 SO
Nail Rod - 10
Norway Iron ■. — 9
Rolled Iron — 6
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Miners, eto. — —
OOPPEB.—
Braziers' : — 31
Copper Tln'd — 45
O.Niel'sPat — 60
Sheathmg.fi lb
Sheathing, Yellow
Sheathing, Old Yellow
Oom position Nails —24
Composition Bolts — 24
Plates, Charcoal, IX 3 box..;... 13 00
Plates, I O Charcoal . 18 00
Roofing Plates 12 50
Banca Tin, Slabs, ^ lb.: — 82^'S
Steel.— English Oast, H lb ,.. — 20 w
Anderson A Woods' American Cast (5 — 16^
Drill S (&— 16W
FlstBar —18
Plow Steel — 9fi
ZlNO @ — 11
Zinc. Sheet — <a — \}%
Nails— Assorted sizes ,_. 4 25 m 8 00
QoidKBlLVER, Per Tb .. .... — — @ 90
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
[WHOLESALE.] / j I I
Wednesday m., March 24, 1876.
Bnr«ka 26 ftO 2?
Devoe's Petro'm 26 @ 27^
Barrel kerosene — w -
Olive — (5)3 50
Downer Kerose'e 37J£@ 40
OasLiehtOil.... 23 (a) 25
PAINTS.
Pure White Lead 10# ©\VA
Whiting — @ 2
Putty 4 S 5M
Chalk — tfj 2#
Paris White 2H@ —
Ochre 3 S 5
Venetian Red... 3'</a) 5
Red Lead .-. 10 % 1)
Litharsre 10 <a 11
Eng. Vermillion — @2 25
RICK.
China No. I, $ lb %%& 7
do 2, do. fi!.i-ai 6W
Japan 6 @ 7
Siam Cleaned... 7 w —
Patna 6&© 7
Hawaiian 8 M %%
Carolina 10 @ 10}£
SALT.
Gal. Bay.per ton 10 00@l3 00
do Common.. « 00(5)10 00
,'armeo Island.. 13 0(1 a>M 00
uiverpool fine.. .23 WdVli 00
do coarse20 00@-
SOAP.
Castile ^ lb... .. 10 @ 13
Common brands.. 5 r5) <i'.|
Fancy da... 7 @ 10
SPICKS. _
Cloves.
Cassia
Citron
12 @-
BAGS.
Eng. Stand Wht.
Neville &, Go's.;.
Hand Sewed
22x3fi.: U$bf@12
24x36 '3 (ai 14
24x40 13&SU4K
Machine do 24x40. 13^@14
" " 23x40. ""
" 22H0.
" '* 22x36.
If lour Sacks J$s...
" Jt>..
" >fis.^_
Hessian 60-1.-1 1$ ft)
do 45-in,
do 40-in .... 9
Wool Sacke,4D>3...
do 3#.".
tS wind. Gunnies. . .
single seam do..
Bean Bags
Baney Bags 24x35.
do 23x40.
do 24x40.
Oat Bags, 24x40....
do • 28x36.: . r-
CANIVED GOODS.
Asst'dPieFrnitS'
in '2.4 a cans. 2 00 @ 2 75
do Table do. ..3 50 & 4 25
Jams Sc Jellies 3 25 @ 4 01)
Pickles tf gl.. — (a) 3 2">
Sardines.qr hoxl B0 @ 1 90
do hf hoxes.3 20 @
COAL- Jr.bbln.pr.
Auatralian.^ton 10 50 'a>\2 50
Coos Bay — — @10 0|i
Bellingham Bay.i @ 8 60
Seattle..... , @10 50
Oumberl'd, cfea. .- @19 00
do bulk. ..16 00 @!7 50
,6 25 (518 50
Mt. Diablo
Lehigh
Liverpool 10 50
West Hartley .... —
Scotch ...
Scranton
Vancouver's IsL.ll 00
Charcoal, !$sk... 75
Coke, ^bbl -
COFFEE.
Sandwich Island —
Central A meric'n 19
Costa Rica per lb 21
Guatemala 20
Java —
Manilla 20 (a.
Ground in as. . . . — «3
Chicory..*.- - 9 @
Pac.Dry Cod.new* 4}£®
17 DO
.11 SO
14 IU!
.12 00
tl3 50
ill 50
@ 22
a 26,4
-5
10
8
„-..,,,,,. ,„ yuio..., ,, «9 50
do % bbls4 50 (o)5 50
do '2>i lb cans — @t2 80
do 21b caii3..2 50 '<D2 60
do ID) cana.1 50 (ojl 75
Do Col. R. %b. . .5 00 @5 50
Pick. Cod, bbls.22 00 @ —
do % bblBll 00 @ —
Bos . Sm,k'dHer'e40 @ 50
Mack'l,No.l,^bl69 00 @ll 00
Extra. ... — @12 00
" In kits.... 2 00 @2 50
" Ex mess. .3 00 m 50
" Exmes9.Hh9-@13 00
Pio'd Herr'g.bx.. 3 00 @ 3 5
NAIJLS.
Assorted size. lb. 5 2VA@1 51
OILS.
Pacific Cine Co
Neat F't No. 1.
Pnre
Castor Oil, No. 1..
do do No. 2..
Oacoanut —
Olive Plagniol..
do PosBel....
Palm lb 9
Linseed, raw 95
do boiled 1 00
China nnt in cs.. —
Sperm, crude.,
do bleached.
Coast Whales..
Polar, refined.. .
Lard
Coal, refined Pet
Oleophine .......... —
Devoe's Bril't... 25
Long Island — —
Nutmeg, 1 ;
Whole Pepper... I
25
Pimento _ _ _
i>r*nd Allspprdz — @I 12S
do Cassia do . . — (oil 50
do Gloves do.. — @1 50
do Mustard do — (3d 20
do Ginger do.. — @1 00
do Pepper do.. — @1 00
do Mace do... — (nil CO
SUGAR, ETC.
Cal. Cube per ft... 10^3 —
Partz' Pro. Cube
bblorlOOEbbxs — @ 1K;
do in 50 lb bxs.. — @ Ill$
doin25tbbxs. — m >1&
Circle A crushed — @ lljq
Powdered — (a) il
Fine crushed... — ($ 11 J$
Granulated — &i Uy
Golden O — -S) 9-^
Hawaiian 8 (a 10
California Beet. 10:i.,'"i n '«
Cal. Syrup in Is. — w 67S
do in 4 bis. — @ 70
do in kegs.. — 0) 75
Hawaiian Molas-
ses 25 @ 30
TEA.
Uolong.Canton.lb 19 @ 25
do Amoy... 28 @ 50
do Formosa 40 to) 80
Imperial. Canton 25 ig to
do Pingsue; 45
do Moynne.. 60
Gunpo'der.Oant. 30
do Pingsney 50
do Moynne . 65
Y'ng Hy.,Canton 28
do Pingsuey 40
do Moynne.. 65
Japan, 4 cheats,
bulk. 30 @ 76
Japan, lacquered
bxs,4K and 5 tb a 46 @ 67
Japan do. 3 lb bxs 45 @ 90
donrnbx,4^Ib 35 @ 65
do,4Al lb paper 30 @ 55
TOBACCO— JnbblnE.
Bright Navys.... 60 @ W
Dark do .... 50 @ 55
Dwa:f Twist.... 60 $0 76
ijight Pressed... 70 @ 80
Hard do .. 50 @ 60
Conn. Wrap'r.... 35 @ 40
Penn. Wrapper.. 20 @ 45
Ohio do . .. . 15 M 20
Virgi'aSmok'g.. 46 @
Finectche'g,gr..8 50 @9
Fine cnt chew-
ing, buc'ts.^ lb.. 75 @
Banner fine cut.. 9 00© 9 90
Eureka Gala.,... — (519 25
TURPENTINE. 0u
Eastern 52J^@55
LEATHER.
[WHOLE8ALK.]
Wednesday m., March 24, 1875.
City Tanned Leather, & lb 26@29
Santa Ornz Leather, ty lb 26@29
Country Leather, "& Tb 24@28
Stockton Leather, & lb 25@2.'i
Jodot, S Eil., per doz $50 00® 54 00
Jodot, 11 to 13 KiL.perdoz 68 00@ 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz :...;.-. 82 00@94 00
Jodot, second choice, 11 to 16 Eil. $ doz 57 0U(d> 74 DO
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00@ 67 0l>
Cornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 OOto) 67 00
Oornellian Females. 14 to-lfi Kil 71 u0@ 76 SO
Simon TJllmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00@ 63 00
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil. , 70 00® 72 10
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00 4 75 00
Simon, IB Kil.,% doz 61 00@ U< i>tl
Simon, 20 Kil. & doz 65 00(a) 67 0U
Simon. 24 Kit. % dOE 72 OOfo) 74 00
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 00
French Kips, ~# 0> I 009 1 W
Calif ornia Kip, W doz 40 OOP "
French Sheep, all colors, 3 doz 8 00.
Eastern Calf for Baoks.fc lb :.. 1 00i
Sheep RoanB for Topping, all oolors, Vdoz.... 9 00l_ _
Sheep Roans for Linings, W doz 5 50@ 10 50
California Bussett Sheep Linings..... 1 75® 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot LegB, ^ pair 5 00a 5 25
Good French Calf Boot Legs, * pair 4 00® 4 75
French Oalf Boot Legs, W pair 4 00@
Harness Leather, $t lb 30® 37 S
Pair Bridle Leather. % doz 48 00® 72 00
Skirting Leather, Q lb 33® 37M
Welt Leather, W doz 30 00O 50 00
" -"- 17®
17®
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Charles Sutbo A Co.]
Sah Francisco, Thttbsdat. March 25,-1875.
Legal Tenders in S. F„ 11 x. .«., 87 to 88.
Gold Bars, 890. Silver Barb, 4 and 4W per cent, dis-
count.
Exchange on N. T., % per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, m and 'l per cent, discount.
Currency, 14)^ percent. On London — Bankers, 49^ ; Com-
mercial, 50. Pari?, 5 francs per dollar.
London— Consols, 92Jf to 92%: Bondsi 90%; Liverpool
Whent9s. 2d.; 9s. lOd ; Club 9s. 5d. ; 9s.ll
Quicksilver in S. F., by the flask, per lb, 90o
ANT Person receiving this -paper after giving au
order id Btop it, may know that such order has failed
to reach us, or that the paper is continued inadver-
tently, and they are earnestly requested to send j writ-
ten notice direct to us. We aim to stop the paper
promptly when it'is ordered discontinued. tf
fllipipg and Other Cojnpajiie$.
Buff Leather,' % foot..'..'.'.'.'
1 Wm Side Leather, V foot- .
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pan v.— Principal place of business, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia. Location of works, Kelsey Mining District, El
Dorado County, California,
Notice is hereby given, that at a meellntr of the Board of
Directors, held on tbe 17th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 4) of Ten (10) cents per spare was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary,
at the office of the Company, 531 California street, San
Francisco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 26th flay of Aprjl, 1875. will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless
f.ayment is made before, will be sold on Monday, the
7tb day of May 1875, to pay the delinquent assessmeot
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. .531 California street, San Francisco
Cal.
Electric Mining Company, Location of
principal place of business; San Francisco, State of
California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied
on the 16th day of Februiry, 1875, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
AHPutman 631 78 ?3 90
Alfred Wright 338 50 2 50
Alfred Wright 339 60 2 50
Alfred Wright 340 50 2 50
Alfred Wright 341 60 2 60
Alfred Wright 342 100 5 00
Alfred Wright 343 100 . 6 00
T B Wiogard, Trustee. .320 1,000 60 (10
T BWingard, Trustee. .326 100 5 00
T B Wingard, Trustee. .347 2,826 141 25
TBWingard, Trustee. .358 238 11 90
T B Wingard, Tiustee.. 359 100 5 00
JBHoughton 352 397 19 85
CJEader.; 302 150 7 50
0 J Bader... 324 1,060 53 OD
OJRader... 330 ' ' 300 " J6 00
0 J Rader.. ..........'... 331 100 5 00
OJRader 332 1,200 60 00
OCase 288 230 1160
D B Jackson 285 87 4 35
WW Smyth 271 100 5 00
WW Smyth 272 .15 75
ADHToby 258 100 5 00
ADHToby. 259 15 75
ADHToby 275 50 2 60
ADHToby 277 8 40
CMUry... 248 6,250 3J2 50
Henrietta Grant 162 400 20 00
Henrietta Grant 240 , 60 3 00
Louisa Thompson 161 400 20 00
Louisa Thompson.... '..239 60 3 00
Jas White 164 250 12 50
Jas White 15S 260 12 50
Jas White 255 76 3 75
Anna Woods 280 650 27 50
Anna Woods 346 6"0 30 CO
H"MShaw 329 100 5 00
HMShaw 344 31 155
Alfred Brings 66 1,334 66 70
Alfred Briggs. 220 200. 10 00
G WTerrill 61 600 25 00
John Mullen .361 1,000 SO 00
John Mullen 205 300 15 00
John Mullen, Trustee.. 364 3,760 187 50
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 16th day of February,
1875, bo many Bhares of each parcel of Bald stock aB
may be necessary will he sold at public auction at the
salesrooms of Maurice Dore & Co., No 326 Mne Street,
San Francisco, on the 12th day of April, 1875, at the
hour of 12 o'clocku., of said day, to pay said delin-
quent assessment then on, together with costs of ad-
vertising and expenses of sale. A. B. PAUL, Sec'y.
Office, No. 318 California street, San Francisco, Cal..
(Room No. 13.)
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
pany—Location of principal place of business. City
and County of San Francisco, S^tate of California.
Location of works, Cherry Creek Mining District,
White Pine County, State of Nevada.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment No. 4, levied
on the second day of January, 1875, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
George W Bihbens .!. 5 800 $60 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 9 600 100 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 10 78 15 60
I T Milliken, Trustee 20 2079 415 80
I T Milliken, Trustee 48 625 125 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 67 100 20 «0
I T Milliken, Trustee 88 1000 200 00
IT Milliken, Trustee 92 ' 2000 400 00
I T-Milliken, Trustee 93 1800 360 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 94 741 148 20
I T Milliken, Trustee 105 600 100 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 106 600 100 00
IT Milliken, Trustee 107 500 100 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 108 6/0 100 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 109 500 100 00
IT Milliken, Trustee 110 600 100 0^
IT Milliken, Trustee Ill 600 100 00
I T Milliken, Trustee ^..123 2000 400 00
ITMilliken, Trustee 125 2000 400 00
Charles Camden 23 312 62 40
Charles Camden 43 1260 250 00
Robert Merrill 24 1000 200 00
M W Kales, Trustee 99 600 100 00
MW Kales, Trustee 100 600 100 00
M W Kales, Trustee 101 600 100 00
M W Kales, Trustee 102 600 100 00
James T Maclean 26 145 29 00
James T Maclean 36 760 150 00
James T Maclean 87 125 25 00
James T Maclean 38 125. 25 00
James T Maclean 39 125 25 00
James T Maclean 40 125 25 00
J B Stanford 95 250 50 00
HBarroilhet 82 1260 250 00
RobertMcBeth ,. 34 1250 250 00
D MKenneld 36 1250 250 00
GeoF Geisse 41 1250 260 00
SMTheall 47 625 125 00
Names. * . No. ■Certificate. No. Shares. Amounl-
Jeremiah Callaghan 53 625 125 n
D WDouthltt.r.. :..... 1." ffP * '500 ' 100 (h
Geo Treat, Trustee 84 1000 200 01
Geo Treat, Trustee 66 100 20 0
J W Phillips, Trustee 65 100 20 Or
And in accordance with law, and an order of thl
Board of Directors, made on the second day of Felji
ruary,1875, bo many shares of each parcel of such stool <
as may be necessary, will be Bold at public auction a
the office of the company, room 14. 302 Montgomery
street, San Francisco, on Wednesday, fche thirty.flrst da;>
of March, 1875. at tbe hour of 12 o'clock, m, of sucjj
day, to pay delinquent assessments thereon, togethfli
With costs of advertising and expenses of the sale.
' I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary; l
Office, 302 Montgomery street, room 14, San Frani
cisoo, Cal.
.i
Keystone Quartz Mining Company— Prim
cil>al place of bu=ifless, San Frsnoisoo, Cslifornia. Lo
cation of works, Butte Township, Sierra county, Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the" Board o
Directo s.neldonthe 8ih day of March, 187fi an assess
ment (No. 4) of one dollar ($i) per share was levied upoi
the capital stock of the corporation, payable iminediatfh
in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the offie
of the oomnany, northwest corner Pine and San om
street0, Ran Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain «n
paid on »he 19th day of April, 1S75, will he delinquent am.
advertised for sale flt publio auction; and unless paymen
i« made before, will be sold «n Monday, tbe 10th dnyo'
May, IB75, to pay the delinquent assessment, together wit
costs of advertising and expenses of »ale.
LOUIS "VESAPvIA, Secretary.
Office, Northwest corner Pine and Sansome streets, Sb
Francisco, California. •
Orleans Mining Company.— Location o
principal place of business. San Franoiseo, Califomii
Licanon of works. Grass Valley Township, Nevad
Conntyt California. ■ ffn*
Notice ia h> reby given, that at a meeting of the Boar
of Trustees of said corporati'n, held on the 16th dav o
March, 1875, an assessment (No. 3) of one dollar per soar
was levied upon the oanitil slock of said company, piiya
ble immertiatelv, in gold coin of the United States o
America, to the Secretary, at the office of the company
room 8, No. 315 California stree', San F ancisco, Caliloriilt ;
Any stork up<.,n which said assessment shall remain un
poid on Wednesday, the 21st day of April, 1875, will h
advertise"! on that day as delinquent, an' unless payment
shall he made bpf ore, will be solil on Mondav, lhe lO'l
day of May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to
gether with costs of advertising: and excuses of Rale. ,
J.F.NESMITH. Secretary.
Office— Boom 8, No. 315 California street, Ban Fran
cisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company — Princi
pal place of btMnefls, San Francisco, State of f'alifor
ma Location of works, BZearsarge Mining Districl
Inyo County. California.
Notice is hereby g'ven, that at a meeting of the Boar
of Director?, held on the 17th day of February, 1875, ■■.(
■'sse-sment of five cents per share wan levied upon th'
capital Btonk of the corporation, payable immediately, ii
United states gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, j
the office of the Company, in San Franoiseo.
Anv htock upon which this assessment shall remain ntl
paid on the 17th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, an.
advertised for sale at public auction, i-nd unless pa > man
is made before, will be sold on Thursday, the ,17th day Q
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, tugt-tlic
with costs of advertising and expensf s of sale,
T. B. WINGARD, Secretary.:
Office— Room 13, No. 318 Ca'lfornia street, San Franolso
Theresa Mill and Mining Company.
Principal place of business, San Francisco, Staie of Cat:
ifornia. Location of works, Coulterville District, Mori
posa County, California.
Notice is hereby wiven that at a meeting of the Bnsrd c<
Directors, held on the l-<th day of March, 1875, an assess*
ment of twenty cents per share wan levied open th
capital stock <>f the corporation, payable immediately, It
United States, cold and silver ooin, to the f-ecrrtary, rl
the office of the Company, Room 16, 408 California street
San Franoiseo, Calif rnia.
Any stock nnun whi<h this assessment shall remain an
paid on the 14th day of April, 1875, will be d«linquent, an
advertised for sale at public auc ion, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the fir«t day o;
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent asse-sment, together wlt>
cob.b of advertising and expenses of "ale.
B: K.HIO^X, Secretary.
Office— Room 16, 408 California street, San Franoieoo
California.
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company.-
J ocatlon of principal place of business. City jta
Connty of San Francisco, 8tate of California. Loo*
tion of works, Tuolumne county. State of Oalifornii:
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the followim
described stock, on account of assessment No. i levie
on the 23d day of February, 1875, the several amount
set opposite the names of the respective shareholder
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amewr-
John Hahn 1
200
20
'3L.
200
20 "
20
20 0
20 0
20C
20
20
20 0
20 1
20(
20 t
20 (
20 (
201
201
20 (
20 (
20 (
20 (
E Van Santen, Trustee.. . . 3
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 3
E Van Santen, Trustee.. . . i
E Van Santen, Trustee 6
E Van Santen, Trustee S
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 7
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 8
E Van Santen, Trustee..,. 9
E Van Santen, Trustee.. .. 10
E Van Santen, Trustee 14
E Van Santen, Trustee .... 15
E Van Santen, Trustee 16
E Van Santen, Trustee... . 17
E Van Santen, Trustee 18
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 19
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 20
E Van Santen, Trustee.,.. 21
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 22
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 23
Oamilo Martin, Trustee.. . 24
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 25
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 26
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 27
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 28
Camilo Martin. Trustee. . . 29
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 30
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 31
Camilo Martin, Trustee. . . 32
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 33
Sidney Buckingham 42
Kidney Buckingham 43
Sidney Buckingham 44
Sidney Buckingham 45
Sidney Buckingham 46
Sidney Buckingham '47
Sidney Buckingham 48
SDRSte-wart 52
8 D B Stewart 63
SDRStewart 54
SDBStewart 55
E Weissig, Trustee 88
Isaac T Milliken 84
Charles Baum, Trustee. .. 85
WGTAalberlsberg.Trustee 89
George W Clark .not issued
E Kindman not issued
J T Machan not issued
And in accordance with law, and an order of th
Board of Directors, made on the 23d day of Februar:
1875, so many shares of each- parcel of such stock I
may be necessary, will be solo at public auction at tl
the office of the company, Hoom 14, 302 Montgomei
street, San FranciBco, California, on Saturday, the 171
day of April, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock, M., <
such day, to pay delinquent assessments thereoi
together with costs of advertising and expenses of tl
L T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Montgomery street, San Fral
25
100
100
100
100
100
100.
100
100
100
.100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
500
500
100
100
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500
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3,000
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2,900
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Office— Room li, S
oIbco, California,
lareh 27, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
213
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PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE
noil
The above iuu represent ihe new style "HOADLEY" variable cutoff 15 Horee-Power Portable Engine. We have same stylo and ■ ize mounted on
wheels us a Threshing Ennine for the Rui-sell End-shake Separator. We have all sizes from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES need
no recommendation from us. We have sold them In California for 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The last great Improve-
itieut ie the Cut-off Governor, thus giving them all the economy and increased power of the most thorough built stationary engine.
B5"Millmen, Mine-owners aod Mining Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines,, will do well to examine carefully the merits of the
* HOADLEY " before purchasing. Circulars and prices sent free on appplication. AddrtsB
TREADWELL & CO.. San Francisco.
DEWEY 4t CO.,
merican 4 Foreign Patent Agents,
he best, speediest, and surest method for you
to obtain patents, file caveats, or transact
any other important business with the Patent
Office at Washington, or with foreign coun-
tries, is through the agency of DEWEY a
CO., PUBLISHERS OF THE MINING
lAND SCIENTIFIC PRESS, SAN FRAN-
CISCO, an able, responsible, and long-estab-
lished firm, and the principal agents on this
side of the continent. They refer to the thous-
ands of inventors who have patronized them,
and to all prominent business men of the
(Pacific Coast, who are more or less familiar
with their reputation as straightforward jour-
nalists and patent solicitors and counsellors.
e not only more readily apprehend the points
and secure much more fully and quickly the
patents for our home inventors, but with the
influence of our carefully read and extensively
circulated journals, we are enabled to illus-
trate the intrinsic merits of good patents, and
secure a due reward to the inventor, besides
serving the public who are more ready to give
a fair trial, and adopt a good thing, upon
the recommendation of honest and intelligent
publishers.
To Obtain a Patent,
. well-constructed model is generally first need
led, if the invention can well be thus illustrated.
lit must not exceed 12-inches in length or
.bight. When practicable, a smaller model is
jeven more desirable. Paint or engrave the
name of the article, and the name of the.
inventor, and his address upon it.
md the model (by express or other reliable
conveyance), plainly addressed, to "Dewet
& Co., Mining and Scientific Press Office,
San Francisco." At the same time, send a
full description, embodying all the ideas and
claims of the inventor respecting the im-
provement describing the various parts and
their operations.
Lao send $15 currency, amount of first fee of
j the Government. The case will be placed on
pur regular file, the drawings exeouted, and
the documents made up, and soon sent to the
1 inventor for signing.
3 soon as Bigned and returned to us with th-
fees then due us, it will be sent straightway
to the Patent Office at Washngton
pr designs no models are necessary. Dupli-
j cate drawings are required, and the specifica-
tions and other papers should be made up
with care and accuracy. In some instances for
design patents two photographs, with the
negative, answer well instead of drawings,
or further information, send a stamp for our
illustrated circular, containing a digest of Pa-
tent Laws, 112 illustrated mechanical move
ments, and Hints and Inbtbuctions regarding
the rights and privileges of inventors and
patentees, which will be furnished post paid.
Also a copy of NEW PA1ENT LAW of 1870;
/hen the invention consists of a new article of
manufacture, a medicine, or a new composi-
tion, samples of the separated ingredients,
sufficient to make the experiment (unless
they are of a common and well-known char-
acter), and also of the manufactured article
itself, must be furnished, with full description
of the entire preparation.
'or Processes, frequently no model or drawings
are necessary. In ' such case, the applioant
has only to send us an exact description, and
what is desirable to claim.
Address JDJEW-EX & CO.,
Publishers, Patent agents and Enqbavebb,.
No, 224 Sansome street, 8. P.
QUICKSILVBE/.
"Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying; Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Scientifi Pbesb, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
AN DOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Pbebb, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
SHADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Sctentdtio Pbesb, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3m p. FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May 20. ISO*.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For bard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, NO. S,
For medium and seamy Bock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use wives from 30 to 60 per cent. In expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
•y The only BlaBting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
-r22-Sml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
Designing
and
Engraving
at
This Office.
We are prepared 'to do fine Wood Engraving
for illustrating Landscape Scenery, Buildings,
Machnery, Works of Art, Manufactured Articles,
Trade Marks, Seals, Etc. We have a first-class
Machine for Engraving
A portion of the work, which can be finished
thereby more perfectly than by the eye and hand
alone. Our patrons can depend mpon first-class
work always, and at reasonable prices. Samplea
can be seen at our office.
DEWEY & CO.
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTCH.EKS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Havi.g the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OK
WATER WORKS,
To Oontract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Hade and all Work Guaranteed
ISO Scale Street,
The Large Circulation of the Min-
ino and SoientificPbess extends thronghon
the mining districts of California, Nevada
Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Idaho, Montana,
British Columbia and to other parts of North
and South America. Established in 1860, it
has long been the leading Mining Journal of
the Continent. Its varied and reliable con-
tents giving it a character popular with both
its reading and advertising patrons.
A Good Pafkk— The Mmrno and Scientific Pbesb
has entered lis 30th volume. It grows better as the
years roll, and is, without exception, the best paper
published for California miners and artisans. IX such
papers were more generally circulated to the exclusion
of the sensation trash of the cities, the state would be
the gainer in wealth, morals and general intelligence,
— Tuolumne Independent.
OJ5.
LOOK TO TOUR INTEREST!
IS THE
Geo.M.Gbant&GO.
PHILADELPHIA.
These Candles are made of pare Stearic Acid, twice
hydraulic pressed, are unadulterated with any crude
material, and upon burning, give a large and brilliant
flame without running. L}v9-2ambp
Thursday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
No Agents are authorized to receive subscriptions for
this paper at less than our advertised rates.
George Wilson, formerly contributor of the Mining
and ScrBhTTPio Pbesb, will please address this office.
MANUFACTURED BY THE
PACIFIC RUBBER PAINT
COMPANY.
For many years chemists and others have experi.
mented in mixing India Rubber with Oil, Lead, etc.,
fa order to produce a perfectly
WATER-PROOF PAINT,
And at last buccessful In their effort, have formed a
chemical combination of Rubber with oil paints,
which when applied becomes hard and elastic enough
not to crack or peel, from the action of the atmosphere,
with a gloss equal to work finished with varnish . The
Pacific Rubber Paint Company,
Of San Francisco, California, together with the RUB-
BER PAINT COMPANY, of Cleveland, Ohio, own all
the patents covering perfect combinations like .the
above, which is known and sold by them aa "Rubber
Paint."
The great demand for the Rubber Paint indmed this
Company to purchase of lie Cleveland, Ohio, and New
York Rubber Paint Company, the patents for thie
coast, and are now manufacturing this paint in all col-
ors, in large quantities, and have put the price below
the best lead and oil paints. The Rubber Paint is
prepared in Pure White, in all Cottage and other
colors, comprising any number of different shades and
put up ready for use, being a greatadvantago, as it can
be spread by any one.
It Plowa Prom the Brush Freely. Works
Easily, and Settles Promptly. It is avail-
able for all kinds of Painting;,
And may be used with equal advantage on iron, stone,
wood, brick, or plaster.
The Rubber Paint will cover more surface, cover it
better, and last much longer than Lead and Oil. Two
coats of the Rubber Paint ia better than three coats of
Ordinary Puint.
REFERENCE:
San Jobe, Cal., March 20, 1975.
Pacifio Rubber Paint Co., Son Francisco.— Gantle-
men-— I have used and sold the Rubber Paint in this
city during the last four years. We have about one
hundred buildings painted with the Rubber Paint.
Among the prominent ones are the State Normal School,
Gates Institute, City Market: the r**sid*nces of Josiah
Belden J. W. Hinds, President Oold Note Bank, J. R.
Arquello, Santa Clara, etc. It has never failed to give
satisfaction, with a test of from one to four years, ao
that itB durability has been well tested. My Bales last
year were nearlv five thousand gallons.
Truly Youra, Amaba Eaton.
CAPT. EDWIN MOODY, San Francisco-
AMASA EATON, San Jose.
WILLEY&RINALDO, San Jobo.
WALLACE EVKRSON. Oakland.
F. K. SHATTUCK, Oakland.
ISAAC KNOX, ESQ.
Office and Factory.
No. 207 Sacramento Street,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
I^I^t^OHEST,) Propria™.
214
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 27, 187 J
Iron apd Machine toffe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 125 Beale Street SAN FRANOISOO
U. I. CtBBT,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANDTAOTCBEKS OF THE CELEBRATED
SHEET IBON 'WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPADtlNG promptly
attended to. . lW-Sm
THE RISX>03V
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAX FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
priceB. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. NorriB,
Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAILOR.. .President
JOSEPH MOORE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD ^.Seoretary
24vl"-qy
our
FUL*ON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
■AHCriOTBHlaHB OF
S riS-A-M ENGINES,
Quartz, Flour and Saw Mille.
H tyei> Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'i Im-
proved Cru»her, Sllnlnif Pomps,
Annilgnmnloi-i, and all kind*
of machinery.
N. E. corner ef Tehama and Fremont streets, above How-
street, San Francisco. '-<!>'
Empire Foundry,
Noh. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Sxbeet, San Fbancisco
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light CaBtingB of every description. House
Fronts,Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French RangeB, Burial CaBkets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere IronB,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in Btock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a Bpeclalty. Ornamental Fences In large
Tariety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento,
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAinir.AGTUBBRS Or
HTGAM ENGINES, BOILERS,
0BOB8' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar' a Patent Self- Adjusting Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kind* of Mining: Machinery,
Front »tr«et, between N and O *tr««t>,
Sacbamento Oitt.
G. TV. Pbesoott.
W. R. EOKABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MAHTSTILLE. .-.- .-- OAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKAET,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoi 8 ting Machinery, Saw *nd Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts Car "Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Ru-gines constantly on hand for eaio. 9v28-ly
Miners' Foundry and ' Machine Works,
80-OPEEATIVB,
First Street, oward and Folaom, San FranclBco,
Maohlnery and Castings of all kind..
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Rock Drill OomDany.
— jiantjfacturehs of —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES.
AIE COMPRESSORS AND OTHEK MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill'3 Exploders for ^Blasting, Putnam Ma-
chine Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin'a Eng-inea-
Address
21v28-3ia-hd
PARKE «fc LACY,
310 California St.. S. F.
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANUFACTUBEBS OF
f j '±p -Wj* Ttp ~r^* T 9 *W .■ r
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN"
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLDME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1&?3.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. P.
BySend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List-sent free
Jno. P. Raskin. Established i860- A. P. Brayto *
Pacific Iron Works,
First Stbekt, ... Sah Fbamoisoo.
Geo. W. Eogff, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
J0BBIN8 AND REPAntlNQ WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING- AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Solo Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & CO., Props.
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G-. & H. JB-A-RTYETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
SHEET IRON PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same -where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These small wheelB are made
of the best 0%r Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box— introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
M7" All fcindu of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
CALIFORNIA BR ASS F 0UN DR Y,
No, 185 Flnt »treet, sppotfte Hliina,
SAW FRANCISCO.
all ki»ds or BraBB, Composition, zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kindu, Spikes, Sheathing
NailB, Rudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bellsand
Gongsof superior tone. All kindsof Cocks and TalveB, Hy
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
as- PRICES MODERATE.^*
J. H. WEED. V. KINGWELI*.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUEEKA FOUNDRY,
128 and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howaid,
Sac Frtnoiaco.
UOHT A.Hlt HEAVY CA8TTBT08,
of every description, manufactured. 2»vlffar
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St-,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MASUFACTUBEB8 OF
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keop constantly on band a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
K. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
MAHtTFACTUBE
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF AIL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
aiTICKSILTEB FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &o.
Having mucb experience in tbe business of tbe Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
BtandinRly, parties about to erect.Reduction Works as to
tbe better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
A lilt —
Every- Variety of ^Jiaftiuy;,
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shaft «, Cranki, Piston and Oon-
9 nectlnv Bodi,Car and Locomotive Axles
and Frame*
— ALSO —
HAMMERED ITtOIV
Of every description and size
0»- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLINS MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Fraaoiaoo, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
09* The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
MANWACrUBEBS OF ALL KINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts, and Ship or
Band Bolts.
19, IS and 17 Dromm Street, San Francisco. 4v241y
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Fibbt Steeet,
San Fbanoisqo
STEIGEB & KERB,
IRON arroxnvr>Eits5i.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short nottm
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Holler Pi
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Bui-Din;
Screening).
Notice.— Particular attention paid to making Sup*
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
California Machine Works,|
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QDARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLSfl
Heating's Sack Printing Presses,
The Economy Btdbaulic Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v
McAFEE, SPIERS & -CO.,
BOILEOK MAKER*-
AND GKSKKAL MACHINISTS,
Howard at., between Fremont and Beale. San Franclw
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes — from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also,
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shaftii
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 33 Fremont Street. I
DAVID WOERNER,
Stgipp
COOPER,
No- 104 and 112 Spear St.. San Francisco
Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Bear
rels, etc., Manufactured at Short Notice
and LOW BATES.
LU MBEB for CASKS, etc., TANKS, etc Steamed
nd Dried if required.
eow-bp.
Office of Drain Pipe Works
S. W. Corner Sac
ramento and
;M out (^orn-
ery Sts.,
S. P-
DRAINS
CON8TBTJCTED
In any part of the
State, and
Work "Warranted
E. T.MENOMY
Proprietor.
bp-eow-1 yr
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
WOODBERRY COTTON DUCK
33, 36, 40, 12 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8. 10, 12. and li '
ounce Duck.
Flax. Canvas, Ravens and Drill* !
Roofing. Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hosii
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STBBET,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL,
darch 27, 1875. 1
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
215
jHeam tHipips.
PARIIK ^fc LACT,
0 California street, ^an Francisco
Machinery.
N. Seiberts Eureka Lubricators.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON.
Manufacturer* of K\; USE !-.VTHKS,4R in.be* swing
■nd HiiidlUT; VERTICAL liUHlS C. MACHINES, milt
■bla for Jobbing ui<5 boring *-'*e Wbttb; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, W Inches nod smaller, mud otln-r Mu. hiiii-ts'
rapt*,
COR. NUUrtf KIPTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
T. O. CANTBELL
WM. HAWKINS.
THE HIGHEST PREMIUM
Awarded by the Mechanics' [nsQtuie Fair. San Fran-
cisco, and State Fair. Sacramento, 1871.
Tlientt Lubricatnrn are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any tbry have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water supplied by
pipe A, regulated under tin- oil by valve J, ami farced
out through (.-beck valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
CI it t 111 bi-iniiL-H gr^any steam, passes to all the
valves and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glass
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rodi and steins lasts lunger, and the. Hol-h on the pinion
will Dot eorrude. One pint of oil will last from three
to six days, according to speed and size of engine; 1,
gliding gauge; E. valve to glint off when engine wtopps;
H, F, valves to shut off in case of frost; steam does not
enter the cup; it is always cool; warranted t give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1«71. Man facturedby
California Hruss Works. 125 First street, S F. 24v23
ADAPTI • "TO EVERY SITUATION
lolttl;M:co
H. P. GREGORY,
B l Agent for the Paciflo Coast, 14 and 16 First street,
bj Francisco, Oal.
REMOVAL.
Iicific Lamp & Reflector Factory
PA bttltT'MA CHINERV Ci£p Q f
. fi:i>(;i{i;ii(»i<:v
^'50l,'E;AGE MT FOK _l HE ■':■:■ g
TAKlTEEMErW
'^HEDLs^1
M &! i6-Fi«st 5T SAN FRANCISCO
PACIFIC MACHybEPOT
GUAKANTEED FURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
; BEATING
HP GREGORY
14&I6 FI.RST-.5T SAN FRANCISCO
Pacific jyXacJmiioi-y -JL>t;i>ot.
B*. P. GREGORY,
U and 16 First st.. S. F.
Sole Agent for PacificCoaat for J. A. Fay £ Co's "Wood-
working Machinery, Blake's Pa*enr, Steam Pumps.
Tanite Co's Emery Wheels and Machinery Fit'-h-
bure Machine Co'b Machiiist'a I'cn -I*. Edsoii'a
Recording Steam Gauge, TrimnpH. Fire Ex-
tinguisher. Aleo »■> band and for Sale:
turtovant's Bl"wers and Exhaust F.ms, John A. Roob-
lin >'b Son»' Wire Ror-e, Pure Oak Tanned Leaiher
Bi-lting Purin's French Band Saw Blades,
Planer K"ivep, Nathan A Dreyfus-Glass
Oilers, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kind". P. 0. Kox 16*.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
fV"
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided meritJ. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Economy in Fuel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
lK7~Calt and see it or send for Circulars.
J.M KEELER&CO., Agts,306,Cal. St., S.F
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting, Desulphurizing, Chloridizing
and Oxidizing- Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold. Silver, Lead and other or. h, Having a larger per-
centage, at less coat, thin any other iuwn'ion now in
U8'-. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly. In lens
time, with 1< sd fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
• ire preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
uuy u thiT invention. TJie Furnace it bo constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
I'uniti.'cn; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
mopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent "Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and (he boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and tho labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the n>lue or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary iu dryiug
ores for dry pulverlzlug. For description refer to
Minino and Scientific Phesb, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particular* address
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, fee*, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3ni
OAKES'S PATENT
I
T H E
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
EXTEA HEAVT AMD IMPROVED PATTERNS,
putiva-m: machine cq„
Manufactubeb.
LATHES, PLANEE9, BOKINO MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTINQ AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. 8EAK
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LA.CY,
310 California Street, S. P
" Diamond Drill Co.
:'he undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
J DIAMOND-POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
I hoBt Btftte of perfection, are prepared to nil orders
% 'the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
1 ILLS, with or without power, at' short notice, and
'Irednced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
1 great economy and successful working of numerous
chines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
this count. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
i given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
fflce, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
•«v26-tf
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
/ H P GREGORY -
SOLE AGENT
FITCHBURG MACHINE C°-s
TOOLS
I4&IS FIRST ST SAN FRANCISCO
Recently improved ana bubmiUfcd to thoromgh scien-
tific tests by James Eujerson, showing tbe followiug
useful effect of -the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percontsge of part gate, M B0.08; % 69.64; % 78.73
% 82.53; Zi 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emerson says: " These are the best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine "Wheel
in rhy experience."
A splendidly Illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further Information desired, furnished on application to
TR-EADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole AgeutH for-tho Pacific States and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description Bee Mining and Scibntifio Peebs,
Marsh 6, 1675.
For Cleaning- Quicksilver Before Using It
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strain*r at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO-
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Oor, Mission & Fremont Streets,
3v28-3m-sa
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMNLER QUARTZ BATTERY.
Ttiis machine. Complete, weighs 1,500 lbs. Haa an iron
frame, live i-teel arms wilh stamps weighing 17 lbs. eaeli.
which strike 2,0' 0 blows per minuie, in a mortar, provided
with BCrems on Uoih oidea. and crushuB fine 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive It. Has besu
thoroughly tented, and is guaranteed to give goud satis-
faction. PRICE. $(H>0.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf
315 California street, San Francisco.
BICHABB O.BANSON.
RlOHiED 0. HiTfSON & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
Importers of all kinds of
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum Vitse for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
ear 'Market, ...... bah praucmoo
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a lirge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, G-asand Water Pipe. Cast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel. Anvils.
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. McCBINDLE, Manager, 22 ft 24 Fremont St., S, F,
m6-m3
216
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[March 2% 18;
» GIANT POWDER.
Tlie Griant Powder Company own
XJ. S. Letters Patent for all Nitro-
Grlycerine Powders.
The object of this Company , since the Powder was first introduced, has been to make their
Powder as perfect as possible.
Late improvements, made by the Chemists of the Company, have enabled us to produce a
still stronger Powder than heretofore, and overcoming as much as possible the effects of" the gases
which are evolved by the explosion.
We therefore assure the public that the Giant Powder is now superior to any other Blasting
Material, notwithstanding what those who are infringing on our patent rights, may say to the contrary.
We respectfully call upon those dealing in or using Explosives to sustain our Company, which
alone have the right to manufacture or sell Nitro-Glycerine Powders.
The great success this Powder met with and the favor it found among all Consumers has
emboldened others to produce a similar article, thereby infringing on the GIANT POWDER
COMPANY'S Rights, and forcing a prosecution against those Manufacturers as well as Consumers.
We offer the Giant Powder at the LOWEST RATES fixed by the Company.
Also for sale the best electric Exploders, made at the Company's Works, in the Eastern States.
Single and treple force Giant Powder Caps, and Fuse of the different Fuse Manufactories
constantly on hand at the lowest prices.
B ANDM ANN, NIELSEN & CO.,— I
General Agents Griant Powder Co.
N. W. SPAUTiDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Noa. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANUFACTURER OF
SPAULDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most drj able and economi-
cal Saws In the Woud.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect.
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
BAIRD'S
IB PRACTICAL KN.
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRAGTI-
CAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 8vo., will be
sent free of postage, to any, one who will favor me with
bia addreBB. HENRY CABEY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
16p Philadelphia.
Dupont's Grnn-PowdLer!
AGENCY, 108 BATTERY STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Celebrated Brands i
SPORTING,
DIAMOND GEAIN,
1, 2, S * 4.
EAGLE DUCK, 1, 2 k 3.
EAGLE BIELE,
SUPERFINE RIFLE,
Fg, FFg, FFFg.
CRYSTAL GRAIN,
1,2 S3.
SUPERIOR RIFLE,
(A. F. ft Co.)
F, FF, FFF,
IN KEGS AND CANISTERS.
«-c/D-<^D"
<i>
[MINING-
MS
SUPERIOR BRANDS OF MINING
F, FF, & FFF.
BLASTING,
C, F, FF, FFF.
CANNON, MUSKET,
ETC., ETC.,
ALL* IN IRON KEGS.
FUSE,
OP ALL THE
VARIOUS BRANDS
IN USE ON
THE PACIFIC COAST.
From the Eagle Safety Fuse Factory,
Located near Santa Cruz, Cai.
WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS-COMPANY,
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
Their Unrivalled REPEATING SPORTING RIFLES, CrUtBINES and MUSKETS., Plain or Beautifully Plated
and Engraved. Cartridges of their make, for Rifles and
* Pistols of every kind.
Sole Agent for the Pacific Coast,
No. 108 BATTERY ST., San Francisco.
MACHINERY.
Iron and Wood- working Machinery, Wood Planers,
Lathes, Mitre and Cutting-off Saws, Iron Turning and
Screw Cutting Lathes, PI iners, Shapera and Drilling
Machines, Screw and Scroll Chucks, from the best
makers, always on band and for sale cheap by
NEYLAN &TOTTNG,
mar27eow 18 & 20 Spear Street, S. F.
Pacific Isural |$ress,
A first-class Ill-page Agricultural Home Journal, filler
with fresh, valuable and interesting reading. Every
farmer and rurallet should take It. It is im-
mensely popular. Subscription, H a year,
DEWEY & 00., Publishers.
No. 221 Sanaome street, BAN FRAN0I30 O.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 18
p 1
£ cp I
^Eryil-pORTABL^
The highest and only prize of its class given toil
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOIL!
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASB0CIATI01
. at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam
and the Sharpley Engines.
W. T. GARRATT.
AC I T Y i
Brass and Bell Founder, J
Corner Natoma and Fremont Street!
MANTTFAOTTTHEEfl OP
Brass, Zino and Anti-Friction or Babbet M i
o a.sti:ivos#
Church and Steamboat Belli-!
TAVERN AND HXD IS ELLS. GO)'
FIRE ENGINES. FORCE AND LIFT PDMP8
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange < !'
and Valves of all descriptions, made and rep *
Hoae and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and J
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cock -
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES »u
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pip flr"
niBhed with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all «•
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Ma) ■«•
turer of " Garratt'B Patent Improved Journal Met)
(by-Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, >r"
PER and BRASS.
I N &i
IY DEWKY «&• CO.
I »:l I •' II I V.ilti-ltlU's.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. APRIL 3, 1875.
VOLUME XA.S
N u in ' >er 11
Improvement in Screw Propellers.
The frequency with which propeller blades
have been lost from different steamers during
the past year or two has provoked considerable
discussion and comment, and many people
question whether the propellers om be made
strong enough to stand the strain on large ves-
sels. The City of Peking lost two blndes of h* r
propellor on her voyage from New York to this
port, and after they were repaired she lost one
more in her first voyage from here to China.
The City of Tokin, a sister ship to the City of
Peking, also lost one blade of her propellor in
her voyage from New York to San Francisco.
Both of these vessels are very largo, and would
be unwieldy under sail alone, so that the con-
fidence inspired by the size becomes lessened
when the liability to breakage of the propellor
blades is considered. Inventors have been for
Some time past tryiug to devise some plan
which would overcome this difficulty in con-
nection with propellora, and many suggestions
have been offered. The conclusion arrived at
by some as to the cause of these accidents, is
that the bladeB are given too much pitch, and
that in order to get a large propelling surface
the consideration of safety to the propellor is
ignored. With an immense vessel like the
Qity of Peking, for instance, with very heavy
and powerful machinery, the strain on the
bladeB is very great. When she meets a heavy
sea, and her headway is deadened for the mo-
ment, with the engines still workiog, the strain
on the propellor is suddenly and greatly in-
creased. The greater the flare or "pitch" to
the propellor blade the greater the strain in
such a case. When the Vfssel is going ahead
smoothly of course it is different, but when we
think of what the screw has to bear in a heavy
gale, the only wonder is that propellors stand
as much as they do.
Steam vessels are usually poorly supplied
with gear for Bailing, and the serious results
which arise from breaking a propellor should
an accident happen during a gale, are easily
imagined. Among the devices intended to
counteract the tendenoy to breakage is the one
. shown on this page, ■which was recently pat-
ented through the Mining and Scientific
Pbess Patent Agency, by Mr. James H. Loftus,
of Oakland. This construction, while it ren-
ders it easy to remove anv blade, should it be-
come necessary, is intended more particularly
to prevent the breaking of the blades at what
is usually a weak point, the shank, about a
foot or so from the hub.
In this invention the main blade, A, is made
of a suitable material and thickness, and it is
strengthened in its weaker points by the addi-
tion of shorter leaves, of which any number
may be used that are desirable. In ourillus
tration two extra leaves are shown upon the
back, and one upon the front of the main blade.
The main blade is bent at right angles at the
end next the hub, and fits into a groove planed
into this hub, a* can be seen in Fig'. 2. The
front supplemental leaf is bent in the same di-
rsction, while the two rear leaves are bent in
the opposite direotion, thus forming a strong
base, which fits solidly into the groove in the
hub.
Each of the blades is fitted in the same man-
ner, and the whole are held in place by means
of clamping rings or bands (shown at B)
which are driven on from each eud of the hub.
The Consolidated Vibginia mine is yielding
450 tons of ore daily. The ore breasts on the
1300, 1400 and 1500-foot levels of the mine are
looking splendidly, and Bhow no signs what-
ever of the diminution of the regular daily
yield. The bullion yield for the month of
March was increased to nearly a million and a
half.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
No. 19.
The Extraction of Gold.
Quicksilver is used to collect and combine
small particles of gold, in the form of amal-
gam. To facilitate this action it is necessary
to use it in such a way that it may be con-
stantly exposed to a contaot with these minute
particles of gold. For this reason the washing'
through the sluice-boxes must commence be-
fore any quicksilver is used, so as to get the in-
terstices between the riffles filled with small
gravel, sand, clay, &o,
This washing without quicksilver may be car-
ried on for a day, and light top-gravel will be
the b> fit material to use.
After the openings in the different riffles are
thus filled, so as to prevent the quicksilver
from dropping clear to the bottom of the
sluices, it may be applied, for the first charge,
a year, when the whole line of sluices is de-
prived of its gold and quicksilver.
The riffles, whatever they may be, are put
alongside the sluices, ready to be replaced for
new Bervice.
Cleaning the Amalgam.
The amalgam must be placed in a quioksilver
bath to separate the gold from any baser metal,
particularly lead, which has been scattered bj
the hundred pounds over the hill-sides of Cal-
ifornia by quail and rabbit hunters. The amal-
gam must be well broken up, and rubbed and
washed repeatedly. In this way the gold, as
the heaviest part, will settle to the bottom, and
all the other metallic substances will float on
the top of the quicksilver. After this washing
the amalgam is deprived of the free quicksilver
by straining through a filter of canvas, and
afterwards put in a bath of water and sul-
phuric acid (one-third acid and two-thirds
water) and bailed and stirred over a slow Are
for about forty minutes. By this procesa';the
remaining lead is generally removed, and the
LOFTUS1 IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER.
Ckoss cutting on the 1700-foot level of the
Ophir mine is being proseouted with all the
energy possible, iWith some very favorable indi-
cations of an ore development in the east cross-
cut on the California line.
with a liberal hand. From 600 to H00 pounds
are used for a sluice of 5,000 feet length. The
upper parts of the sluice are generally chorged
more profusely than the lower parts, as a por-
tion of the quicksilver is carried down by the
stream.
The quicksilver must be scattered in a light
spray all along the sluices; iron sprinkling-
pots, made for the purpose, are used with good
effect. The charging of the eluices is gener-
ally attended to twice a day;. but it must be
admitted that a more liberal and more frequent
application of quicksilver would be only bene-
ficial. The daily charges of quicksilver are
reduced to about 100 pounds, bo that a supply
of one hundred flasks of quicksilver (about 74
pounds per flask) will last for a six months'
run, allowing for the quicksilver regained by
the semi-monthly cleaning up of the upper
part of the sliuce-boxes.
Cleaning Up.
The upper part of the sluice, provided with
either scantling-riffles or block-riffles, is gener-
ally cleaned up once or twice per month.
Whenever this is resolved upon the sluices are
gradually emptied of their gravel contents
down to the riffles, and these are removed suc-
cessively, commencing with the upper riffle.
A small stream of water is applied to move
gently the black sand, or fine gravel, which
may remain in the sluices. The amalgam or
quicksilver is scooped up and put in wooden
or iron buckets. Here and there pieces of
scantling arc placed across the sluice to check
ihe flow of the quicksilver. Brooms, scrapers,
and knives are used to collect the amalgam
which may hide in small fissures of the wood.
A general cleaning up takes place once or twice
amalgam, after further washing In pure water,
may be considered clean.
The residue (skimmings) of lead, &c, is put
in pure nitric acid, which destroys the lead,
forming a nitrate of lead; the amalgam re-
mains, and is cleaned by a water-wash.
Retorting.
After the amalgam has been purified it is
ready for retorting. The retort is covered on
the inside with a thin layer of moist clay to
prevent the gold from sticking to the sides,
after which the amalgam is packed tightly into
the retort and the latter placed on the fire. A
pipe leading from the retort into an iron bucket,
filled with clean water, conduots the vaporized
quicksilver into -the water where a condensa-
tion takes place immediately. Five or ten
minutes after the flow of quioksilver has
stopped, provided the retort has been all the
time exposed to a brisk fire, the retort may be
removed from the furnaoe, and the amalgam
has-been changed into a cone of pure gold.
Great care must be taken to close hermeti-
cally the retort containing the amalgam, as the
escaping quicksilver-vapors are very poisonous.
Smelting.
The retorted gold is broken in fine pieces,
placed in a crucible, and, after some flux is
added, exposed in the furnace to a hot char-
coal fire. After a perfect fusion has taken
place, the liquid gold is cast in a mold, gener-
ally the shape of a small brick. After cooling,
the bar is stamped with the name of the mining
ompany and the weight, and is ready for th
mint or assay office.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the last Annual, Report of the V . S, Commissioner in
Mining Statistics^ |
The Tenth Industrial Exhibition.
Cs —
All the preliminary arrangements are being
rapidly made for the Tenth Industrial Exhi-
bition of the Mechanics' Institute of this city.
Mr. J. H. Culver has been appointed Agent for
this exhibition, and has commenced to call on
parties who intend to make displays. Mr. Cul-
ver has been connected in an official capaoity
with several of these exhibitions, and is well
known among ub. Blank applications for space
can be procured at No. 27 Post street, and it is
important that these applications be sent in as
soon as possible. The exhibition will open on
the 17th of August.
It is to be hoped that our manufacturers and
artizans will, for the credit of the city, unite
with the miscellaneous exhibitors, and make
he exhibition a worthy one. The display of
maohinery at the last Mechanics' Fair was a
meagre one, and not at all in proportion to the
interest represented. At that time our foundry-
men and mechanics were all very busy, and
were unable to do as much for the exhibition
as they desired. They are busy now, too, but
have nearly five months time to prepare such
articles as they intend to display. They
should accordingly begin right away, and make
up their minds what to do — and do it. We
hope to see a display of machinery this year,
which will throw in the shade all previous ef-
forts.
Some of the manufacturers complain that the
fair is more of a Fair than an {pdusfcrial Exhi-
bition. But they must remembev'^hat the mana-
gers are compelled by force of oircumstances to
rely entirely on the manufacturers and artizans
to bring it up to the proper standard. If it is
not as much of an Industrial Exhibition as a
fair, it is the fault of the manufacturers, and
not the managers. The latter provide the space,
light, power and spectators. The manufactu-
rers ought to provide the objects of attraction.
A great many, of course, attend these exhi-
bitions to see, and be seen; but still there are
thousands interested in the- machinery de-
partment, who would spend their whole time
there if this department was filled. This
part 6f the exhibition is by far the most inter
esting to many, and our foundrymen ought to
"keep up their end," and make a creditable
show. They have been prosperous of late, and
can afford to sacrifice a little time to this matter.
They should remember also, that they could
not possibly find a better way of advertiBing,and
should by all means take advantage of the op-
portunity.
Ransome Stone. — Mr. Ernest L. Eansome
has commenced the manufacture of Bansome
stone in this city, on his own account and by a
new process. The stone was formerly made by
the Pacific stone company, but it was found
that the cost of manufacture was prohibitory,
and the company retired from business. Mr.
Eansome now has a new patent and oan manu-
facture a good article as "cheap as any other
manufactured stone. Mr. Rausome's office is
No. 10 Bush street and the factory is on Oota-
via street, near Greenwich. The Ransome was
the first artificial stone used on this coast, and
Dr. Stone's church was the first building upon
which it was used. Every style and character
of stone work is made by the process employed,
some of the ornamental work being very hand-
some.
The Kimball manufacturing company has
just completed four monster wool presses for
the new wool warehouse, on Townsend .street,
two being for Ball & Julien and two for John
F. Knox, Esq. The imported presses cost from
$1,200 to $1,500 dollars each. The Kimball
company manufacture an equally powerful
press for $750.
At the Mint in this city, during the month of
March, the gold coinage was: Double eagles,
$2,180,000; half eagles. $20,000. The silver
coinage was: Half dollars, $127,000; -dimes,
$185,000; trade- dollars, $30,000. Total coin-
age, $2,542,000.
The new retorts of the Amador quicksilver
mine have been completed and are now in good
running order, and the work of extracting the
pure quicksilver is now under full headway.
218
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 3, 1875
Owyhee Mines.
The last issue of the Owyhee Avclanohe gives
a general review of the mines in that part of
Idaho. For some time these Idaho mines have
been under a cloud, and assessment after as-
sessment has been levied upon them. Judging,
however, from the review of the Avalanche, the
flatteriDg developments made this winter in
the Mabogany, South Chariot, Golden Chariot,
"War Eagle and other mines, in connection
with the encouraging prospects of the base
metal deposits in South Mountain, make it safe
to. predict that the bullion product of the
coming summer will be a great deal larger
than during any previous season. We con-
dense the following items from the Avalanche:
Golden Chariot. .
From Col. Reown, the veteran Superintend-
ent of this mine, we learn tbat shafts are being
sunk in both sections of the mine, including
what was formerly known as the Minnesota.
Four levels are also being driven. The Char-
iot shaft is down below the 11th station to a
depth of 20 feet, and the Minnesota shaft is
down 60 feet or more below the 10th, and
towards the 11th station. The 10th level, Min-
nesota, is already in 75 f et south, and the 10th
level, Chariot, is in 100 fe^t south towards tbe
Link- on chimney. The 11th level, Chariot, is
ia southward about 14 feet, and the 11th level
north just starting a few fet-t in. The develop-
ments thus far are very satisfactory. In a
ledge encountered recently a very large, rich
vein was found, and in one place in the 10th
level Chariot it was found tobe7feet in width.
Operations are-being pushed with all possible
speed. Since the 21st of November more than
400 feet of shaft have been sunk, about 215
feet in the Minnesota and 191 feet in the
Chariot, besides sinking two winzes and mak-
ing explorations in the upper levels. The
woiking force is not large, but will be increased
in a short time. ,
Ihe Golden Chariot mill will be in operation
in a few weeks. It has been renovated and
put in thorough repair during the winter, with
new mortals, eatha, tappits, etc. The mill is
in mnoh better condition now than it ever was
before.
Ida Ellmore.
Superintendent Corey reports main shaft
now 26 feet below the 13th level (quite suffi-
cient for sump*). Work of sinking has been
suspended, and soon as lower purup is in place
and preparatory work done, attention to cross-
cutting will be given at 11th, 12th and 13th
levels, each new level being 120 feet in d-pth.
New boilers work splendidly, and doing 25 per
cent, more work with one third less wood than
the old boilers.
The work of putting in place the 13th level
pump is progressing well and approaching
completion. Expect soon to be ready to com-
mence opening new levels. New set of boilers
now in mill aud furnace is being built and con-
nection made. In two weeks the mill will be
ready to start up.
South Chariot.
Supt. Corey reports connection with Mahog-
any drift on 10th level. Eighth level cross-cut
IB iu 47 feet, showing several strata oE quartz,
and considerable water in the face indicating
near approach to the ledge. Winze No. 2 on
this level is down 31 feet, showing a ledge of
15 inches wide of tair pay ore. This winze is
north of the riip and within 80 feet of the Min
nesota line. It makes favorable showing foi
9th level north. Ninth level drift is 27 feet
north of winze No. 1, or almost 200 feet north
of shaft, and has b- gun to show some very rich
ore, although the vein is small, being from six
to eight inches thick. It is steadily improving
in size as the work progresses, and promises to
provo an important development.
Mahogany.
On the 9th ' level, where drifts are already
run, a nearly continuous body of ore is shown
for 400 feet, and for an average width of 2%
feet. We are now opening up preparatory to
s oping out the ore, which at every point is of
good quality and the ledge strongly and well
defined. This level can be made to yield.
5,000 tons of high grade ore. We are now
taking out 12 tons of ore per d-iy, which will
soon be increased to 20.
Water samp below 11th level is ui-ar'y com-
p'e'e, the shaft being acme 22 feet below sta-
tion and crosscuttiug for ledge, which should
be reached at a distance of about 28 feet, will
be commenced now. Drift north on 10th level
is now in a distance of 98 feet, and south drift
on same level 73 feet, both carrying the same
good ore, and strong, well defin- d vein as here-
tofore reported. South drift on 9th level is in
a distance of 439 feet. Theie U still another
chute of ore further south, as shown by recent
work in the 8th level, which the 9th level drift
should reach about 30 feet further. The winze
on 9th level is down 31 feet through good ore.
Tbe &topes on 9th and 10th levels now opening
are all in fine ore, and promise a satisfactory
yield, both as to quantity and quality.
War Eagle.
A rich body of ore has been struck in the
northern portion of this mine, which gives
good promise of being extensive. We were
last evening frhown a Urge specimen from the
new fiud which was thoroughly permeated
with gold and silver. It appears to be entirely
different from any ore hitherto found in the
mine, and has a decidedly healthy look. Ore
continues to be raised as usual from the mine
and hauled to the Golden Chariot mill
Pauper.
Rapid progress is being made in the devel-
opment of the Pauper, and a large amount of
good pay ore can be extracted as soon as anoth-
er level shall have been opened.
Empire.
In this mine they have commenced driving-
the 6th level dr.fts both north and south from
the crosscut iu a lurge vein ot good ore, which
promises to be richer and more extensive than
aoy yet found in ihe mine. Empire is looking
"P- "
A True Story of the Black Hills Excite-
ment.
The Chicago Journal gives the following ver-
sion, as the true story of the Black Hiils ex-
citement:
Situated in northwestern Wyoming, near the
Nebraska and Dakota State line, are the Black
Hills, of which so much has been said within
the past few years, and over which a fever of
excitement has been raised this spring through
out the Northwest, on account of the alleged
existence there of gold and Bilver in fabulous
quwntities and easy of access. The hills spoken
of are a cluster of vo'canic elevations, detached
from the Kocky mountains, and in comparison
with the great and elevated peaks in the range
proper, are but heaps of dirt. General Custer
thoroughly penetrated this region last fall, and
found that the vegetation there was ordinary in
its growth, timber small and not over abun-
dant, water scarce, and mineral wealth not re-
matkable. This, then, is the region to which
the public is directed, and from which is prom-
ised a fortune for all who will take stock in the
expeditions preparing to invade it. A region
where there is gold to be had; gold, for Custer
found indications of it; gold, for parlies lately
returned have it on exhibition. But the ques-
tion of the exihtence of gold is not the only one
which must be answered in seeking wealth by
mining. Not "how much?" but "how attain-
able?" is the all-important point The moun-
tains of the West are full of gold, but men grow
poor in getting it out. Not a stone, scarcely,
is there in the whole Eo«ky mountainflrange
that has not gold in it. Gold quartz is found
on every side, holding with a flinty grasp its
precioiiB wealth, and the sand in all the streams
that have a source* in the mountains of the
West, even in the Missouri river, hundreds of
miles from its source, will "wash out" the cov-
eted yellow dust at every. pan. But gold in
s'onesi* gold in prison, and gold in quartz
can only be got out with gold expended in
"crushers" and "stamps" (machinery of great
cost), while gold in the sands of rivers must be
"washed out" by slow processesB. The sold
exhibited from the Black Hills is mostly in
quartz, just the same Article that fortunes have
been sunk upon in Colorado these many years,
in getting machinery to extract its yield; and
as for tbe Black Hdls "gold workings,'* it will
take water, a t-caroe article i'i that region (see
a map of the country) to get rich in that
wav.
But the question of those who are instiga-
ting the movement into the Black Hills is not
"Is gold out there?" It is, "Can we get a
rush of men through our cities, over our rail-
roads, and a iu-h ot money into our pockets?"
Two or three years ago tbe Blaok Hills were
not dreamed of, even in Soux City, Iowa,
where now the teat of excitement is located.
That city then relied upon ita river commerce
and its s-ituation at the head-of the Upper Mis-
souri trade for its prosperi y; tut, in'an evil
hour to Sioux City, the Southern Dakota rail-
road was projected to Yank'on, and the latter
city became acknowledged as the coming sbi't-
ing noint for freights from railroad to steam-
boats. Sioux City's pulse ran low, and "Whnt
shall we do?" was the interrogatory upper
mo^t in the minds of hrr citizens.
Back of Sioux City are high and precipitous
bluff-!, and one fine morning, soon after the
Dakota Southern project became a fixed fact,
the people of Sioux City and the strangers
within her gates were el- ctritied with the an-
nouncement that gold had been discovered in
the bluff*! It was heralded by mouth and tel-
egraphed throughout the land; every soul was
stirred, outsiders rushed in, aud within a
week's time the bluffs werp driven full of stakes
to mark off A, B and C's claims. Gold of
wondrous richness was exhibited in store win-
dows and carried around by interested parties,
It was found abundantly in some claims in
"vein" and in "pocket." Sioux city was
happy. Business jjjwas lively. Money began
to get "reckless." But the end came. At
length, alas! some one discovered tbe seoret.
It was all a hoax! The bluffs had no more
gold in them than a snowdrift. The big bo-
nanza had been "tatted."
Ttiis was Sioux City's excitement No. l;and
mark you.Jeverybody, the leading men of the
excitement then, are the leading men of the
excitement now. "If such a little gold/urore
could make things so lively," the schemers
soon began to argue, "why not get up a great
excitement, and make us all rich?" And so
they soon bethought them of the Black Hills,
as the point which would most naturally be
reached by way of their towu. No man had
been seen from there, but still gold specimens
were soon on exhibition (they had set n ser-
vice before), purporting to have comefiom the
region through traders and Indians. The bus-
iness men were talked with in their stores,
and shown the advantages of such a scheme.
They were asked to subscribe to send men
East to "work up" an excitement. This was
laBt year, and the expected "rush" did not
"pan out" very well. Fxcitement No. 2, like
No. 1, accomplished little. However, fate and
hard times made it necessary that the coon be
caught, and that a voice might be heard from
the hills themselves, a party was sent out last
winter, amply provided for and provisioned, to
stay until the grand tide should set in. Two
of the party came back ten days sinoe, in the
nick of time to start the ball rolling. One of
the eye-witnesses is in Chicago now, accom-
panied by two of the champion gold-fever mak-
ers of the city of Sioux, and the ball has begun
to roll — the ball which is meant, not to ctush
money out of the Bluck Hills, but out of the
hot headed men who become attacked with the
fever.
Who pays the expense of the expeditions or-
ganized to come here and work? Ask the
Sioux City merchants. Which way will th<-y
d.reet all expeditions? Through Sioux City,
to be sure. How much per head will the Black
Hill-* Associa ion gtt for evtry man whom it
sends over the Western railways? Ask those
in-ide the ling.
The mysteiy tbat is surrounding the reports
of riches in the Black Hills — the word of two
men againBt the* Cutter expeditions alone being
given — should deter men who have to work for
a living from going on so wild a chase at the
beck of unsubstantial runners. Common
sense will tell every man who has had experi-
ence in mining th*t there are no fortunes any-
where, in any gold fields, unaided by money
and machinery. Added to this are the positive
orders from the War Department to keep back
all intruders from the land ceded by treaty to
the Sioux Indians. Who, in the face of all
theBe facts, will consent to be led captive by
an excrement worked up to further the selfish
ends of unscrupulous parties.
Tuolumne County Mines. — Tbe Tuolnmne
Independent says: 'Ihe mines of Tuolumne offer
many good chances for the investment of capi-
tal, and those below who know not what to do
with their uninvested means, and prefer min-
ing to oiher business, would do well to investi-
gate the many good opportunities offered in
this county. We would earnestly advise them,
however, to come and see tor 'themselves, or
send those in whom they can implicitly trust,
of good judgment aud practical experience
Kid glove experts and adventurers on the m»ke,
are not wanted; fur Tuolumne has suffered too
much, in limes past, by these fools and knaves
They have done more to injure »ur quartz in-
terests than all other causes combined, and
every man interested in the welfare of this
county should have no dealings with such or
their employers. We wish our mines repre-
sented on their merits alone, and by this only
we wish them to rise or fall. As one among
many instances of judicious investment in our
mines and as au evidence that snch opportuni-
ties exist, we may mention the Knox & Boyle.
One-half of this mine was offered to parties il
ihey would furniBh the sum of $25,00(3 to open
and develop it.— The proposition was accepted,
and after using only $7,0u0 (the balance ties in
bank) the mine was not only made self-sn-t lin-
ing but has and is paying handsome dividends,
besides carrying on the work of extended devel-
opments. Judge Preston is Superintendent of
this mine, and it is by having just such ener-
getic and practical men iu charge of several of
our mines, tbat Tuolumne is gradually taking
her proper place among the most noted lode-
mining districts of the Pacific slope.
Mining Decision. — The Secretary of the In-
terior on the 25th ult., made a final decision of
the contest of the Bnlliun Mining company with
the "420" Mining company, of Nevada. The
f. rmer applied for a patent to the mine on the
Comstock lode, and the latter filed an adverse
claim. The Commissioner of the Geneial
Land Office decided that the Bullion company
were entitled to a pattnt, und the case was ap-
pealed to the Secretary of the Interior. Mean-
while the case was carried into the Nevada
Courts, which also decided in favor of the Bul-
lion company, whereupon the "420" company
took a writ of error to the U. S. Supreme
Court, and claimed tbat the Secretary of the
interior should suspend proceedings to await
the decision of that tribunal. Secretary De
lano now holds that the TJ. S. Supreme Court
has no juiisdiction over any contested mining
case or writ of error after it has been adjudi-
cated by the highest Court of the State or Ter-
ritory in which the claim is situated. Being
satisfied of the correctness of the CommiB-
sioner's decision, he therefore directs that a
patent be is-ued to the Bullion company, in
which a reservation shall be inserted reciting
the fact that the Burface ground described is
the estimated area of the lode, and that only
the usual surface ground embraced within
the walls of the lode is intended to be con-
nected. The Bullion company will thus get a
patent for 943 feet along tbe lode, together with
the surface ground that ia bounded by the east
and west walls thereof.
Marking Ink foe Linen. — Take the white of
ten eggs, and beat them to a froth; to this add
an equal quantity of water, and mix it well
with comminuted cinnabar, As it is a tolerably
thick liquid, pass it through a fine cloth, when
it is ready for use. It is of a reddish color,
and is set by pressing a hot iron over the v> r >ng
side of the cloth a* soon as dry. The hardett
washing, acid or alkaline will not affect it.
Carpentry, Joining, Etc.
Carpentry and joining, though two distinct
trades or arts, are usually combined in one; an
expert in ihe two may be considered a builder.
Carpentry consists in the assemblage and fit-
ting together, by framing, of pieces of timber
whether large or small. It is distinguished
from joining in the fact that the fitting is done
without the use of other edge tools than tbe
saw, the axe, the adze and chisel. The term
carpenter originally referred to what is now
called a wheelwright, and is derived from the
latin Carpentum — a car. The Latins called a
wheelwright, Garpentarius. But the English
word from the above derivation has now en-
tirely lost its original signification.
A joiner is distinguished from a carpenter
from the fact that his work is more nice and
complex, and the plane, augur, etc, has to he
added to his kit of tools, to enable him to meet
ihe requirements of his calling. The joiner
makes doors, window frames, staircases, and
the internal filings, generally, of a house.
The one who shapes and frames timbers for
ihe construction of buildings is sometimes
called an artificer. An arcniect is one who
plans a^d lays out the work, and snpei intends
the building. He is a contriver rather than a
worker. Architecture or the science of build-
ing, was one of fust arts taken up by man —
next to providing food it was his first neces?.i'y.
In the process of lime it has become a veritable
art, and as an industrial pursuit, it is one of
the most important in all the i>t of iudustrits.
It, perhaps, more th*n any other, measures tbe
degree and progress of civiization; it is a
pretty sure and the mos-t s gnific. nt visible
ind-x of tbe we 1th and luxury of a people.
The California pioneer has had the rare
privilege of witnessing the growth of a S ate
from the iriintive tent life, up through a.l its
stages of cabin, shanty, cluih find paper, aud
b.loon house, up to the m gn ficent paiacis
which are now beg nning to adorn and beautify
the stretts and avenues of this Golden
City of tbe far "West— and all within thel
short period of only one quarter of 1
ceutury ! It is safe to say that history, no-
where, in all the centuries of the past, furbishes
such another example of such regular andi
rapid growth. No one intervening phase of ar-
chitectural progress has been omitted in our ad-,
vance from the most primitive style of arcbi-;
tecture up to tbe grandest and most peifett tf
any, even the oldest cries of ih* old world.
California seems to be forming a school of
architecture peculiarly her own and one speoin
ally fitted to her local needs and conditions,
She is ako giving employment to an unusuallyl
lurge number of mechanics, in this direction,-
in p oportion to htr population. The chu-8 of
dwellings now sought for by the working men
of this city is also of a character altogether su->
perior to those constructed for tbat class oi
people in our eastern cities, or in fact in any
city, in the world. This comes from tbe fait
of the larger degree of prosperity which attends,
the meohanio and working man here. Thus
tbe rule already laid down, that the architecture
of a people is a measure of their wealth anc.
luxury, holds good here as well as elsewhere 1
San Franci-co promises to become not only f
city noted for tbe palaces of her millionaires
but also a city where the working man and mei
chanic are better housed than in any orihe cit^l
in the world.
Curiosities of Welding.
There bas lately been shown in this countr;
a very interesting specimen of blaclismitl
work. By means of Schierloh's welding com'
pound, it is alleged that, in one example of
bar of Bessemer steel, 'five diff rent kinds 0
iron and steel have been perfectly welded, with
out changing its shape in tbe least. The ba
was rolled into form at Thompson's stee
works, in Jersey Ciiy, and is % by 2% inch*
in the cross section.
First, a piece of Bessemer steel, cut fror
tbe end of the bir, was welded fast to itagair.
the heating and welding occupying eight mir
utes. On the reverse side of the bar a piece c
fine cast steel was welded in six minutes. Fui
ther aloug on the bar a piece of bli-ter steil
was welded in eight minutes. This same ster
caunot be welded with borax, as the high ten
perature needed with that flux makes it as bri
tie as cast iron under the hammer. Oppoaii
this a piece of wrought iron was welded in ei
minutes, and further along on the bar a pier
of cast iron was welded in three minutes. Th
was a piece of tbe mold-board of a plow. Tl
bar, with its additions, was then ground fli
polished on the edge, so as to show tbe poin
at which the welded metal came into contac
No weld was visible on any one of them, ai '
the difference in the metal could only be to
by the color after polishing. This solves
great many important problems in iron man
facture, among others the welding of BesBem ,
sc 1 ap.
The cau-e of a leak in the relief light-boat
New London is found to have been a hamtfc
which was probably left in the bottom wh
the vessel was built, thirteen years ago. Mov
with the continual motion of the vessel, it b
worn through planking and leel to the dpi
plating, which alone has kept the vessel m '
sinking.
V
April 3, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
219
SCIENTIFIC H?ROCRESS.
Fall of a Meteoric Stone— A La/ge Frag-
ment Secreted- Its Structure.. Etc.
The fall of a meteoric atone of unnmial di-
mensions was recently reported fioin Central
Iowa. The phenomena occurred on the eve-
ning of February 12th, at about half-past 10.
Its apparent hize, as reported by observers
nearby, was about half the diameter of the
moon, and accompanied by a leautiful train.
The color and vividness were about like that of
molten itou. While in view they were seen to
separate in'0 many fragments, und after about
three minutes th>- reports of three explosions
were distinctly heard.
Visit of a Scientist to the Spot.
Attr icttd by these remarkable reports Prcf.
N. R. Leonard, Pressor of Astronomy at tne
Iowa Siattf University, has visited the
locality, and bus inttdb sub-tmtidly the follow-
ing report to the Duvenport Gazelle:
The exact locality of its fall was the south-
east quart* r of stciion 5, township 80, range 9
west. It was on the farm of Mr. Sherlock.
Some members of bis family were returning
from a spelling school ut the time of the desceut
of thtt meteor, and saw, as they thought, three
or four fragments fall in the direction of their
house. Those of the family who remained at
home, h urJ this fragment as it went whizzing
by, and thought that it hud pasBed over the
bouse. They sought for it the next day and
the day following, but in consequence of the
deep snow, did not find it until Monday, when
a daughter of Mr. S. found it about 50 rods
northeast of their hoa.se.
The met.or struck upon the. suow and ice
just beyond a little -slouch that runs through
Mr. Snerlock's pasture field, making a very
Blight indention in the ground, and bounded
northwt-st a distance of thirty f< et or more, up
a siight declivity, and came to rest upon the
snow. It was apparently warm when it fell,
fur when f jund it was adherent to the ice and
snow underneath, so that it required a smart
rap to loosen it. The professor entertains the
suspicion thut the place pointed out is not the
first place of striking, but that when the snow
goes off he shall be uble to find on the other
side of the slough, a more dectdid mark of im-
pression wh- re it first alighted, and from whioh
it bounded to the spot first mentioned. This,
of course, is mere conjecture, but it ^eems that
th^ imp'ession made upon the ground where it
first alighted should have been more decided.
The weight of the entire fragment was seven
pounds six ounces, though we are sorry to
state that before Prof. L. could gain possession
of it it had reduced to three pounds ei^ht oun-
ce b, to Bupply sprcimens, not to men of science
but simply to neighbors or curiosity nunters.
This muttllation of the specimen is greatly to
be regretted, and as it is every way probable
that with the melting of ihe snow other frag-
ments now buried in the deep snowdrifts will
be found, the hope U entertuiued that the press
and all who desire the advancement of Bcience
in this rare and deeply interesting field will use
all their influence to prevent the mutilation of
such other fragments as may be found, and to
urge that preparatory to the dividing up of the
meteor, among the different museums or cabi-
nets of the State it shall all be 0 Ilected at
one place so that it may be examined and pho-
togrnphed as a whole — or as nearly 1=0 as possi-
ble.
The specific gravity of the specimen appears
to be near 3 50, its structure strong, with some
admixture of iron. That face of the fragment
Which firmed a part of the surface of the orig-
inal body is covered with a c mparatively thick
black coating, not perfectly smooth; while that
face by which the fragment was joined to the
main body is coated in like manner, but in a
less degree.
The outer surface has the pitted appearance
characteristic of such bodies.
Prof. Leonard has placed a sample in the
hands of Pr f. Hinrichs for chemical analysis,
and hopes soon to be- able to announce definitely
as to the number and proportion of the different
elements it contains.
To Show thk Path op an Electetc Dis-
charge.— A correspondent of the English Me-
tkanic says: "Take a sheet of gbit-s, wash it
"well with soda and water, dry we 1 with an un-
soaped towel, polish well with a clean wash-
leather. Having found the 'striking distance'
of your Leyden j tr, battery, or electric ma-
chine, plaie the BUeet ot glass just below the
points of discharge, so that they may rest up-
on it. The shock may now be paBsed over the
sheet, when on removing the glass, and breath-
ing on it, a picture of the track of the electric
fluid will be distinctly visible, as clear glass on
a dull ground."
Thk Agassiz Museum.— It is thought that the
Agassiz Museum at Harvard, will soon reach
the denired amount of 200.000, thus making it
possible to draw the $50,000 appropriated by
Massachusetts. With this $250,000 new halls
are to be built, new facilities for instruction are
to be provided, and the classification and ar-
rangement of the museum is to be carried for-
ward much further than it was at Agassiz'
death.
The Earth— Its Heat and Contraction.
Professor P. M. Duncan, F. R. 8., recently
delivered at the Royal Institution a course of
lectures upon "The Grander Phenomena of
Physical Geography." He pointed out that
there is strong evidence that the earth is a
solid body now cooling. As it cools the rock*
mutt contract; moreover, those rocks which
are rich in silica will not contract so rapidly on
cooling as olhers, consequently herein is a
source of change of shape of the earth. It is
well known that surface changes are going on;
that some large areas of laud are in course of
slow upheivul. while others areslonly linking,
and that at one geological period there vat a
great upheaval of the larger portion of the
continent of North America. The globe, there-
fore, is cooling unequally. The radiation from
some pails in greater than at other*, so in this
th»-re is n furtuer source of disturbance.
Sir William Thomson bas calculated that
every year 92 horse power of work— for heat
means work— is got rid of from every 217 acres
of the surface of the globe. The dissipation
of energy and the contraction of rocks not be-
ing uuiiorm, the effect of these disturbing
causes is to produce horizontal thrusts, which
form mountuiu range* by crumpling up the
e irth, for mountains are formed by this crump-
aciion, and not usually by direct volcanic or
other upheaval. The changes produced by the
contraction are slow, and there ia every reason
to believe that our present sea floors and our
present crihtinentB are extremely old, geograph-
ically speaking, so far as their present forms
are concerned. He said that the upper part of
Snowdon consists of sea sand, fossil Bea fishes,
aod volcanic ash- s all mixed together; in fact
it appe trs to have b»en at one time in the same
condition that the B 1 y of Naples is in at pres-
ent, that is to say, volcanic ashes fell into it
and sometime* buried fish. The lower part of
Snowdon consists of vast streams of old lava.
At some geological period the crumpling action
already mentioned took place below the Bay of
Snowdon; consequently the bottom of the bay
was elevated and oecamethe top of the highest
mountain in Wales. Rain, and rivers, and at-
mospberio changes then played upon it and
during the course of long ages, sculpturing out
the beautiful mountain scenery which oharact-
erizes the Snowdon range.
Structure of Coal.
By close investigation E. W. Binney, F. R.
S. , believes he has established the following
facts: Soft caking, or oherry coal, is chiefly
composed of the bark, cellular tissue, and val-
cular cylinders of coal plants with some mao-
rospores and microspores. Caking coal has
much the same composition, except thatit con-
tains a greater proportion of bark. Splint, or
hard coal, has nearly a similar compos tion,
but with a great excess of macro-pores. Can-
nel coal, especially that yielding abrown streak,
is formed of thy remains of different portions
of plants which had l>>ng been macerated in
water; it contains a great exce ;s of microspores.
Macrospores are from l-20th to l-25th of an
inch in diameter, and ean be easily seen bj the
naked eye. Their exterior is composed of a
brown coriaceous suostance, containing within
it carbonate of lime, or bisulphide of iron,
according to the nature of the matrix.' The
microspores are about 320 times less in size,
and contain some form of hydrocarbon, which,
by the action of heat, becomes paraffin. These
conclusions were arrived at merely as to the
composition of the different kinds of conl.
Each seam ia materially sffi-cted by the nature
of the roof, since, if it is an opi-n snnd^toue,
gaseous matter can freely escape, which is, of
course, the case when the seam is roofed in
with air tight, or shale or blue bind.
The Lower and the Higher Life.
An eloquent inaugural address was delivered
by Dr. William Stokes at the late annual meet-
ing of the Royal Irish Acadomy. After re-
view the recent progress of science, he con-
cluded as follows:
' 'The conservatism of energy, directive
though not creative, in the living organized
structure, and the chemical affinities in which
that is unorganized, show, it might be held,
that a lower mode of life pervades every exist-
ing being; but we believe that in God'eown
time that higher life which shows it elf in pro-
gressive organization, and is terminable, will
have a diff rent existence, at least as regards
the human being— one freed from material as-
sociations, freed from physical influences and
from moral shortcomings. It is believed by
thoughtful men that matter is indestructible.
May we not find that as it has, in time, subserved
the physical, so in eternity, it will, when spir-
itualized, subserve the moral law, and thus an
undving result will be evolved? It has been
written that we 'see through a glass, darkly;'
but are there not grounds for the belief that
su'-h will cot forever be the case? May we not
believe that every discovery in development,
in structure, in chemical composition, and in
electrical and optical character, will be, when
related to the property of life, a fuller ray of
the burning luster by which we approach the
footstool of that throne where we shall be per-
mitted nearer and nearer to contemplate the
power and the ineffable light ef Him from
whom comes all life?"
ECHANICAL ^ROGRESS
ISP
Bearings.
The results of experiments made on the ef-
fects of friction between various substances,
have recently been tabulated bj'M. C. Kunzel ,
The heat produced, other coalitions being
equal, in in proportion to the hardness of the
substances, and, on the olher band the great-r
the difference in the hardness of two
substances rubbing against each other, the less
the heat produced by the friction, and the harder
of the two heats more than the other. If fric-
tion takes place between glass and cork, the
amount of heat received by the two respectively
U as seven to one, and between bronze and
cork, four to one.
For durability alone, of course, bearings
should be of melal as hard as that of ihe
arbors which they support, but considering the
wear of the latter, the former should be as soft
as possible. In practice, however, certain pre-
cautions are to be observed; the beariog must
not cut the arbor, and it must wear as little as
Eo*sible; it should not get hot even when lu-
rication fails, and lastly, it should possess
resistance enough to bear all the shocks that
fall upon it without being deformed or broken.
The alloys of copper and tin generally in use
ere rarely homogeneous, with the exception of
that which contains eighty-two to eighty-three
parts of copper to seventeen or eighteen of tin.
When there is less tin ia the composition,
granulation takes place during cooling, which
alters the homogeneousness of the alloy, and
causes the cutting both of bearing and arbor.
When an alloy of copper and tin sets slowly,
the first part consolidated is a very soft alloy,
not containing more than 7 to 10 per cent, of
tin; this forms, as it were, the shell of the
bearing, while the hard alloys containing sev-
enteen to eighteen parts of tin, sets afterwards
and fills up the shell. When a bearing thus
formed is in work, the soft alloy soon gives
way, and the hard grains within attack the
arbor and are often torn out and carried away
when grease fails.
A good bearing should be the very opposite
of the above; its shell should be very hard and
durable, and the interior filled up with a softer
coinpoBiiion. This result is attempted to be
obtained by fusing together several alloys of
different compositions and degrees of fusibility,
so as to produce by cooling to given alloys, but
the operation is delicate and the result uncer-
tain. Phosphorous bronze succeeds best in
this way; the shell is then almost entirely
formed of very hard bronze, and the interior of
a soft alloy of copper and tin. The bearing
may then be considered as a BerieH of layers of
soft metal enclosed in a casting of metal almost
as hard as the arbor it-elf. The microscope
reveals th's disposition with greit clearness.
The results obtained with various kinds of
bearings used on the B-lgium and German
railways are thus given: Bronze composed of
83 parts of copper and 17 of tin, costs 3 fr. 25 c
per kilogramme, and wears at the rate of 11*6
grammi s for four beariDgs per 1,000 kilometres,
the cost being 0*037 fr.; bronze containing 32
parts of copper and 18 of tin costs 0032 fr.;
the same appl:ed to oarriages with brakes,
wears at the rate of 109*5 grammes, and costs
0.335 fr.; white metal, composed of 3 parts of
copper, 90 of tin, and seven of antimony, costs
3 fr. 73 c, wears at toe rate of 14.8 grammes,
and costs of 0.0*55 fr.; ditto containing copper
5, tin 85, and antimony 10 parts, costs 3 fr.
H6 c, wears at the ratd of 11.3 grammes, and
co-ts 0 041 fr.; ditto composed of lead 84, aud
an iminy 16 farts, cobts 1 fr. 48 c, wears at
the rate of 12.2 grammes, and the expense is
0.018 fr. per 1,000 kilometres; lastly, phos-
phorous bronze costs 4 fr. 37 c., wears at the
rate of 2.3 grammes, and the expense is 0 010
fr. onlc, but when applied to carriages with
brakes, the wfar rises to 9 5 grammes, and the
expense to 0.041 fr. — Iron.
New and Valuable Peintiko Pbess. — A new
printing prena made in Liverpool, Eng., by
Dun an & Wilson, for the Christian Union
newspaper of New York, is a remarkable nov-
elty in this class of mechanism.. It prints,
folds piste*, and binds tDe paper iodide of a
cover, which it also prints; aud delivers the
numbers, thus completed, at the rate of 5,000
copieB per hour, aud may be woiked up to
6.UU0 per hour. The paper is drawn from a
roll. The whole machine is 27 feet long, 7 feet
high, aud the cost is $20,000. The folding ap-
paratus may be disconnected whenever neces-
Hary, and the machine used to print without
folding. Various attempts have heretofore
been made to attach folding machines to print-
ing presses; but this, we believe, is the first
successful example of the kind.
Important Dibooveet. — It was an accidental
discovery by Goodyear that brimstone would
vulcanize India-rubber, and one of the most
important to tin industrial interests of the
world. An accidental discovery of recent date,
it is said, makes it possible to enamel car-
axles', end all kinds of healings, and thereby
prevent the friction und heat which is so ex-
pensive, dangerous and often disastrous in
running cars and machinery, Des Moines
capitalists are getting reaiy to introduce the
article. It can be applied like a lubricant, and
juit as readily.
Toughened Glass.
Webave made several allusions to the late
French improvement in glass manufacture,
wherby that heretofore fragile material is
made to possess a good degree of toughness;
but we have not, until the past week, been
able to learn the means by which this tough-
ening is accomplished. This process appears
to be distinctly announced in the following
paragraphs, which recently appeared in the
London Times;
It has long been known that when glHSS is
heated to redness, and kept at that temperature
for a considerable time, i s physical properties
are changed in a remarkable manner. Thus it
becomes opaque or feebly translucent, much
harder and tougher, and somewhat like porce-
lain in appearance. This change is termed
"devitrification," and is caused by the conver-
sion of the glass into a co-ifusedly-cryBtilline
mass, of whioh sections ore beautiful objects
when seen with a microscope ia polarized light
The subject was investigated by the renowned
French philosopher, Reaumur, early in the
last century; a<dto objects of devitrified glass
the name of Reaumur's porcelain is usually
applied. Such objects are exhibited ia the Mu-
seum of Practical Geology, in Jerinjn street,
London.
It has been reserved for another Frenchman,
a gentleman farmer, to discover the singular
fact that when glass is heated to redness and
then cooled or annealed in oil its toughness is
greatly increased, or, what is equivalent, its
fragility is greatly diminished, while its trans-
parency remains the same. Thu-*, suppose a
rectangular pane of glass placed flatwise and
supported on two of its opposite edges to break
when a given weight is allowed to fall upon it
—say, from the height of two feet— it would,
after having been toughened in the manner
above stated, resist the same weight falling up-
on it from the height of six feet or eight feet.
It is strange that, although glass has been
manufactured during the last 2,000 years, yet
such a simple and probably very important
fact as this should only receutly have been
found out, and equally strange that the discov-
erer should be a gentlemen farmer.
The foregoing information on the new pro-
cess of toughening glass is given on the author-
ity of Mr. (J. W. Siemens, F. R. 8., who is
well known in connection with telegraphy and
the furnace which bears his name. His
brother, an eminent glass-maker at Dresden,
has tried the process aod prononnoes it to be
"certain and unquestionable."
Alleged Improvement in Shot Guns. —
Capt. John L. Kerr, of Allegheny City, and
Wm. D. Squires, of Sioux City, Iowa, have
recently received Letters Patent for an im-
provement in shot guns, which it is said, prom-
ises the greatest utility to sportsmen. It con-
sists simply in a parallel eulargeraent of the
bora of the gun at ' the muzzle some seven or
eight inches down. For the last month th-y
have been making the most minute test-), and
have reduced the improvement to flx-d rules,
by which any good gunsmith can make a oor-
rect shooting shot gun, or improve al nost any
gun now in use. Their principal tests were
made w.th old Harper's Ferry muskets, and not-
withstanding their ponderous, non-elastic
character, they were made to nhoDt as well or
better than the best imported shot guns.
If such is the fact, that an old musket, with
so trifling an expense, can be made to shoot as
good if not better than the best imported Eng-
lish guns, the invention is mo -it certnnly
an important one.
A Valuable metallurgical process ha-* recently
be in brought forward by a Bir ninth im inventor,
wuich admits of the filling of articles of brass
with mil ten iron. The balance weights for
chandelierB, pillars, columns, and large weights
may be made, advantage bein^ tak-n of this
P'ocess, at a much diminished cost. It is
simply necessary to immerse the brass shells
in water, and the molten iron is then poured
in. The shell cannot, of course, attain a higher
temperature than 212 degrees, the boiling point
of water, while the temperature of its contents
may be about 3,000 degrees. In making large
ot imperial weights by this proceis, the plan
devised by th-i inventor is that of imbedding
the Bhells in iron fillings, the high conducting
poweis of which is thus turned to account.
Canal Steamboats. — Acoording to the recent
report of the S'ate Engineer of New York, the
Reamers on the Erie canal, invented by Mr.
Baxter, have success'ully solve 1 the problem of
rapid transit, so far as canal navigation goes.
Nine steamers of the Baxter Company were in
operation on the Erie omul last summer, and
this fleet will be increased the coming season
to one hundred. The average time of their
round trips from Buffalo to New York has been
fifteen days, consuming only twelve tons of
coal during the round trip.
Tungsten Steel. — A simple and certain pro-
cess, it is claimed, has been perfected by Bier-
mann, of Hanover, by which a white, exceed-
ingly hard and brittle cast-iron, containing
from five to forty per cent, of tungsten, can be
produced, which is adapted to chilled work,
and can be added to cast-iron in any propor-
tions.
220
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 3, 1875
Mining Stocks,
The miniDg share market has been pretty
lively this week, and prices realized have
been good. The Gold Hill end of the Corn-
stock haB been in the ascendant, -and transac-
tions in these stocks have been comparatively
extensive. Movements in Idaho and Ely dis-
trict stocks have been small, the principal at-
tention being drawn to Comstock mines. Of
the situation there the Enterprise thinks that,
eventually, the improvements and new devel-
opments now steadily being madealong the line
will attain such importance through constant
accumulation that they will force recognition
in the market. Although the impatience of
the people at large constantly runs far ahead
of drifts, cross-cuts, winzes and all other works
undertaken for the development of the bo-
nanza mines, yet all these openings are being
poshed toward the great ore-body as rapidly
«s men and machinery, working day and night,
can perform the task. When the public mind
has become excited and has run too far ahead
of the reality, it has nothing to do but to re-
turn, take a rest and Btart again when the hu-
mor returns; meanwhile the real work in the
mine is steadily, though it may be slowly, ad-
vancing.
The Enterprise says : All is going on well at
the north end of the lead, and in due season
there will no doubt be new and valuable devel
opments to report, which will gratify and sat-
isfy the clamoring and excitemt nt-loving sur-
face world for at least three days. It is not
only at the north end of ihe lead that prospect-
ing operations are tedious, but also at the south
end, and in all other places where hard rock is
to be passed through and floodd of water, defi-
cient ventilation and other obstacles to pro-
gress are to be overcome. All is being done Id
all of our mines that men aud machinery can
do, and we shall see many valuable develop-
ments along the Comstock before mauy months
have passed. Toward the south end of the lode
two or three companies are upon the eve of
opening up bodies of ore, and tie long we may
expect to hear good news from some of these.
Several "outside" mines are already furnishing
ores to the mills for reduction, and very soon
Borne others will be doing ihe same. Our
prospecting companies are all in excellent spir-
its and the people generally have unbounded
faiihio the permanence and value of the mines
aloug the Comstock range.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Last Week.
Thursday, Mabch 25.
morning session.
230 Alpha —19
1240 Beat A Belcher 51®52
195 Heloher 34
670 Bullion 3ft
1M Confluence 20@a&
55 Caledonia 16^(0)16'*
70 Crown Point... 30J4®30*a
220 Chollar H)@62
1780 California (ili#5)6.:J$
120 Coo Virpinia...440(5>442i2
310Emplre Mill B@oJi
15 Exchequer 21A
195 i>onld4 0urry.l8^rai«iu
170 Globe 87&c@'
70 Hale & Norcross...45@^
516 Imperial S.'«[§8!.|
120 Justice 75-8U
301) Julia tiVafr'.;
380 Ke muck U%®lf
lOi) Knickerbocker 4J4
970 Lao y Bryan -GM@6JS
1320 Mexioau W-ilT'1
1615 tiphir 105!£a.._
2l0 Overman 53@53^
160 Succur ...Ab%
55 Savage J3 }£
410 Sierra Nevada... 12»4@ U
1880 Union Con 8a8H
725 Yellow dacket 92<s9
1050
150
115
260
iuli
100
1OU0
185
AFTERNOON BESSION.
Andes VA6 _
American Flflt. .7';@7:i.
Belmont bi&nis
Baltimore VA
Cosmopolitan 25c
Challenge......
Dayton 3(c
EnrekaOon 18&'
Eclipse 6^
Golden Chariot 5@553
Kossuth 2>t
Lady Washington. .
Meadow "Valley 7.1-£(&B
Mansfield
Mahogany
New York 3#
Newark ."J
Original Flowery 3"»
Original Gold Hill.2@2!-S
Occidental $A
Prospect 2
Raymond A Ely. .4Udl'>'-
Rock Island 37a -^
Rve Patch 2-Va2'.;
Silver Hill S'A^'A
South Uhariot l?jj
Utah. 5
Woodville 2'-i(<z,;2\
Wash & Creole Ufc
Wells Fargo.. .25c;a30c
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from. Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. P. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS
Company. Location. No. Ami.
ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Levied. Deling'nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of Business.
American Flag M &. M Co Washoe 7 50
Andes S M Co Washoe 4 1 50
Adams Hill Cons M Co Eureka Nev 6 15
Alps SM Co Ely District 8 25
American Flat M Co Washoe 5 2 00
Atlantic & Pacific Cons M Co Cal 10 5
B.con M & M Co Washoe 3 50
Bellevue M Co Cal 11 50
Booth GM Co Cal 1 15
Buckeye G A S M Co Washoe 13 50
Caledonia S M Co Washoe 11 3 00
Chariot Mill A M Co San Diego Oal
Cherry Creek M & M Co JJevada
Chief of the Hul M Co
Coos Bay ureuon Coal Co
Crown Point R G & S M Co
Daney UiSltCu
Dardanelles M Co
Davton G & S M Co
El Dorado Water & D G M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Gold Run M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
IdaEUmore M Co
Imoerial S M Co Washoe 21 1 00
Independent GM Co Cal 8 50
Julia G ASM Co Washoe 21 200
Justice M Co Washoe 14 3 00
Kossuth M Co Washoe 3 50
Lady Bryan M Co Washoe 6 50
Mammoth Silver M Co Nevada 18 10
Meadow Valley M Co Ely District 8 1 00
Mexico G A S M Co Washoe 1 50
Monitor Belmont M Co Nevada • 50
Ne\v»rk S M Co Ely Diftnct 18 1 00
New York M Co Washoe 3 50
North Bloomfield G M Co Cal 3S 1 00
Overman S M Co Washoe 31 3 00
Phil Sheridan G & S M Co Washoe _
P.ctou M Co __ Washoe 7
2
Washoe 6
Orecon 1
Washoe 2
Washoe 13
Washoe 2
Washoe 2
Cal 8
Washoe 5
Cal 10
Idaho 13 2 00
Idaho 16 1 1)0
Washoe 21
Cal 8
Washoe 21
WaBhoe 14
Washoe
50
50
1 00
1 00
10 00
75
15
Pioche West Extension M Co Washoe 7
Prussian G A S M Co Washoe 4
Red Jaoket M Co ldl,n0 €
Rock Island G & S M Co Washoe 7
Savage M Co Washoe 17
Senator Silver M Co Washoe 11
Silver Cord M Co Iiaho 8
Silver Hill M Co Washoe 5
St Patrick G M Co Cal 10
Starr King M Co Wa'hoe 10
Sutro M Co Washoe
Victoria. A Imperial T A M Co Utah 4
Ward Keecher Cons M A M Co Nevada 4
Ward Ellis S M Co Robinson Distriot 3
Wahincton A ''reoleMCo Ely Distriot 14
Wells Fargo M Co Washoe 1
Woodville Cons S M Co Washoe 1
75
25
1 00
50
50
1 00
5 00
50
1 00
2 00
50
25
Mar 26
Feb 25
Feb 16
Feb 10
Feb 8
Mar 9
Mar 9
Feb 17
Mar 31
Mar 4
Mar 9
Keb 17
Feb 17
Mar 26
Feb 5
Mar 12
Mar 22
Feb 5
Feb 16
Feb 16
Mar 18
Feb 9
Mar 8
Feot
Feb 10
Mar 18
Feb 12
Mar 18
Feb 25
Mar 18
Feb 25
Feb 11
Mar 22
Mar 16
Feb 2
Feb 16
Feb 3
Mar 16
Jan 21
Mar 2
MarlO
Mar 24
Febl
Mar U
Feb 19
Feb 25
Mar 27
Feb 16
Feb 2
Feb2S
Feb 17
Feb 26
Feb 27
Feb 10
Feb 18
Mar 17
Mar 25
May 4
Mar 29
Mar 21
Mar 22
Mar 15
April 14
April 12
Mar 23
May 3
April 10
April 13
Mar 22
Mar 22
April 30
MarlO
April 12
April 28
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 19
April 22
Mar 15
April 12
Mar 8
Mar 17
April 19
MarlB
April 20
Mar 13
April 19
April 3
Mar 23
April 26
April 19
MarlO
Mar 23
Mar 12
April 20
Marl
April 3
April 17
May 3
Mar 9
April 15
Mar 24
April 3
April 1
Mar 19
Mar 8
Mar 31
Mar 22
April2
April 8
Mar 18
Mar 23
April 21
April 28
May 28
April 14
April 16
April 12
Apr 5
May 3
May 1
April 14
May 25
April 29
May 1
April 14
April 15
Hay 20
Mar 31
April 29
May 20
Mar 31
April 13
April 3
May 12
Apr 5
>layl
Mar 29
April 7
May 10
April 6
May 20
April 21
Mav7
April 28
April 20
May 14
May 17
Mar 31
April 12
Mar 30
May 10
Mar 30
April 23
May 7
May 22
Mar 30
May 7
April 12
April 23
April 22
April 9
Mar 31
April 19
April 8
April 27
May 6
April 12
April 12
May 10
May 17
Geo R Soinney 320 California St
M Landers 507 Montgomery st
W W Traylor 408 California St
O D Squire Cor Cali'oroia A Mont
C A Sankey 331 Montgomery st
A Noel 419 California st
Edward May 419 California st
D F Verdenal 409 Calif oroia st
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS
Cal
Cal
Washoe
Cal
Alhambra Q M Co
Alpine G M & M Co
Arizona A Utah M Co
Cascade Blue Gravel M Co
Cederberg G M Co
Cieneira P M Co Menco
Cincinnati OASMCo Cal
Edith Q M Co Cal
El Doaado State Co Oal
Electru- M Co Cal
Emma Hill Cons M Co Utah
Enterprise Coob M Co Cal
Exceleior Q M Co Ca
Fresno Q S M Co Cal
Geyser GSM Co n j Cal
Gold Monntain GM Co Bear valley Cal
GoloVn i;rown MCo n Cal
H«me G A Co Nevada up. Cal
This Week.
Thursday, April 1.
MOKNtNG BESSION.
0 Alpha 23#@23J£
0 Be-tA Belcher 53(«.*j
I) Belcher 3U(g)37
li Bulli n -i&am
8 California 5h@6(>
II Chollar 67@t»?«i
0 Crown P- int 3I(gi38,'£
0 Confidence rttgfil
0 Caledonia lB@t8!£
5 Empire Mill '/@7f*
a Could A l'iirry...l9^©20
0 Gold Hill Quartz 4
0 H.i)e & Norcroes... 47(a) 8
1810 Imperial d'Am^
170 Justice lvn@Uu
160 Julia 7K@7&
960 Kentuok lfi@17^
2-i0 L dy Bryan 6tyo)6^
630 M xican., ?74f@tH
905 I'phir 101®io3
400 Overman . :■!+".■■ ii:i
120 Savage 13l@138
185 Sii-rra Nevada.... I2fi|i23&
10 Seg. Belcher 105
70 Suvcor lis
e50 Union Con 8-tf@9
574 Yellow Jaoket. .. 93^ta5
AFTERNOON SESSION.
300 American Flat WA'aP
295 Alta Z%<afrA
!620 Andes 9)£®9M
595 Bt-lmont VA®iH
tiO Baltimore 8j$
200 Chariot Mill 60c
J35 Challenge ."«!-6@7
170 Dayton 3M@3J£
20 Eclipse VA
320 Empire Idaho L(
1245 Eureka Con 22(5)23
400 franklin VA
15 Golden Chariot 4-8
150 Globe \lA
18i IdaEUmore 3&@4
1000 Jacob Little 1
40 Knickerbocker 5
425 Kossuth 2&@3
450 Leo l>£@r£f
150 Lady Washington \%
3i0 Meadow Valley. ...7@7^
300 Mansfield. 7
2-ii .Mahogany 9>6
200 Mint 40c
405 Niagara 75!fl60c
850 New York 3a*)M
100 Original Gold Hill 2
270 PhiliSheridan 1«
150 Pacific 1
160 Hooiman ?,'.-,
800 Prussian 2M@2^
50 Pioche 4
185 RaymoiidAEIy.40M@41,J^
20 Rye Patch 2?.,
1000 Rock Island 5M@5H
295 Silver Hill \0)fq>l\
645 South Chariot \%
915 "Woodville 2^@3
Wt5 "War Eagle 4>&g)5
Judging from reports in the Nevada comty
papers it seems that many new claims are being
started up and that prospectors are not idle.
The Foothill Tidings says: "We waut a score or
more mines of the class of the Idaho, Empire,
Eureka and New York Hill at work, in order to
make things prosperous as Grass Valley de-
serves to be, and the only way left to bring
about such a result, since capital seems at-
tracted, to California street operations on the
Comstock, is for miners themselves to go to
work and show that their properties are really
valuable; when, alter the re-aciion from stock-
gambling takes place, as it surely will, men of
means will be glad to invest in and properly
open them.
Illinois Central M Co
Imperial S M «'o
Independence Cons M Co
Intern»tional Gold M Co
Kentucky (J A S M Co
Lake Count'- QSMCo
Los Prietos M Co
Mariposa L & M Co
New York Oons M Co
Orletns M C0
Pauper M Co
Phcenix Tunnel & M Co
Ri<cky Bar M Co
Sin Jose M Co
Silver Cloud G <fc S M Co
silver Peak M Co
Silver Sprout MCo
Table Mt Alplia M Co
Theresa M AM Co
Tuolumne Hydraulic M Co
Utah S M Co
weaverville DiHMCo
Woodville GAS MCo
Idaho
Washoe '.
Cal
Cal
Washoe
Cal
Cal
Cal
WaBhne
Cal
Idaho
Utah
Egan Canon
Cal
Washoe
Cal
Cal
Cal
Cal
Washoe
Cal
Washoe
Mar 2 1
1 25 Kelt 11
75 Mar 18
10 Mar8
50 Mar 8
50 Mar 5
10 Mar 17
30 MarlO
15 M*r4
5 Feb 16
40 Jan 29
25 MarlS
25 Mar 20
25 M-r2T
50 Mir 15
1 00 Jan 25
b Mar 3>
50 Feb 13
50 Mar 22
1 00 Feb 10
2 50 Feb 4
15 Mar 2
2 ' Mar 18
10 Mar 10
50 Mar 6
1 00 Mt 10
50 Feb 16
1 00 Mar 16
75 Mar 4
25 Feb 15
10 Mar 3
5 00 Jan 27
25 Feb 8
50 Mar 29
5 FebH
1 10 Feb 5
20 Mar 13
20 Feb 23
2 00 Mar 19
50 Feb 28
1 00 Mar 25
April 26
Mar 23
April 22
April 13
April 9
April 5
April 26
April 22
April 5
M«»r 22
Mar 8
April 24
April 26
April 10
April 23
Mar 6
Mayl
Mar 24
April 27
Mar 17
MarlS
April 6
A ril28
April 15
April 12
April ll
Mar 23
April 21
April 10
Mar 2:i
.-U.nl 14
Mar 8
Mar 15
May 6
April 17
Mar 15
April 14
M>r25
April 21
Mar 29
April 29
May 15
A pr.l 14
May 12
MavS
April 3»
April 22
May 17
Mav 14
April 20
April 12
April 5
May 18
May 15
May 3
May 16
Mar 31
Miy 20
April 16
Mav 20
Apr 7
April 2
April 26
May 22
May 4
May 3
May 3
April 12
May 10
May 3
April 12
May 8
April 13
April 12
May 28
June 17
April S
Mayl
April 17
May 11
April 21
May 17
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Amador Cons S M Co
Andes S M Co
Baltimore Con" M Co
Bunker Hill Q M Co
Franklin M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Greene M Co
Illinois Central MCo
Keystone ( I <t 2) Q A S M Co
Lady Washington M Co
Providence G A S M "~
Location.
Nevada
Wa'hoe
Idaho
Cal
Idaho
Secretary.
J M Bufnn ston
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
Win H Watson
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
W R Townsend
RH B own
W R Townsend
H C Kibbe
Called by Trustees
Office in S- F.
Merchants' Ex
507 Montgomery st
330 Montgomery st
19 First st
302 Montgomery st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
Academy Building
402 Montgomery st
330 Pine st
■US California et
Geo K spinney
320 California st
O K Sanltey
331 Montgomery st
K Wegener
F Swift
419 California et
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Charles S Neal
419 California at
T P Beach
424 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
J MBuffington
Geo R Spinney
320 California st
W S Duval
402 Montgomery st
W E Dean
419 California st
H Eli as
416 Montgomery st
J Maguire
419 California st
O O Palmer
W Willis
419 California st
WE Dean
419 California st
Geo T Grimes
240 Montgomery st
419 Calif-.rnia st
A Noel
J S Kennedy
Merchants' Ex
E F Stern
Frank Swift
419 California st
D A Jennings
101 California st
J W Col burn
418 California st
J W A Coleman
419 California st
W « Hopkins *
411^ California st
W Willis
419 California st
H C Kibbe
419 California st
T Derby
Geo D Edwards
W R Townsend
330 Pine st
S Philips
408 California st
T L Kimball
409 California st
R H Brown
402 Montgomery tt
W Willis
J W Clark
E B Holmes
419 California st
d H Sayre
10 Stevenson's Bldg
Frank Swift
W E Dean
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Louis K -plan
G W R King
Wm H Wat -on
302 Montgomery st
D A Jennings
401 Cafifnmia st
J M Buffington
F D Cleary
O A Sankey
331 Montgomery st
WMHelman
401 California st
: THE BOARDS.
R Von Pfister
J FLighiner
43s California st
J Maguire
J M Buffington
D M Bokee
W R Townsend
Wm Small
531 California f-t
Wm Stuart
113Liedesdorffst
Huirh Elias
416 M'-nteoinery st
316 California bt
T B Wingard
G J Cole
302 Momgnmeiy si
418 Kearny st
F J Hermann
R V<m Pfister
K Wegener
Ford H Rogers
414 California st
Academy Bldg
J PC vallier
Daniel Buck
F J Hermann
418 Kearny st
R H Rrown
402 Montgomery st
WE Dean
419 California st
F J Hermann
J M Buffington
R Goldsmith
Hi- Sansome st
ABalrd
S H Smith
L Leavltt
401 California st
H O Kibbe
419 California st
J F Ne«mith
W F Bryant
402 Montgomery st
OSHealy
J P Cavallier
513 California st
A Carrlgan
109 Front st
A A Enqnist
71 New Montg'y st
G T Graves
240 Montgomery Bt
TBWincard
3)8 California st
T F Oroniee
433 California st
B F H ckson
408 California st
IT Mil liken
W E Dean
419 California >t
F H Rogers
330 Pine st
WMHelman
. 401 California Bt
Meeting*. Date,
Annual
ApriU
Special
April S
Special
April 7
Special
April 6
Mar 29
Annual
Special
April fi
Special
April 2(
Annual
April 2
Special
April U
Annual
April 12
Annual
April ."i
Speoial
April 24
[INING SUMMARY.
The following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in the interior.in proximity to the mines mentioned
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Belcher M. Oo.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot Ai ABOo
Cons Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye fate It M Co
Location. Secretary.
Washoe. H. C. Kibbe,
Cal w L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe Charles H Fish
Washoe O E Elliott
N. c. Fasset.
Nev WW Traylor
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California st
409 California st
Amount,
3 00
25
40
10 00
2 00
1 00
Payable.
Jan 11
Mar 17
Nov 16
Mar 11
Jan 12
Jan . 25
Mar5
Mar 5
New Incorporations.
The following companiea have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk' s Office at San Fran-
cisco:
Pltjto Q. F. Co., March 27.— Object: Buying, selling,
and operating quicksilver furnaces in the StateB and
Territories of the Pacific coast. Capital stock, $150,-
000. Directors— H. H. Eames, R. D. Walbridge, Wm.
L. Ward, Matthew Bridge, and Sumner W. Bugbee.
First Premium G. M. Co., March 21. — Capital stock
$2,000,000. Location: Indian valley, Plumas county.
Directors— H. C. Bid-well, H. Cox, Thomas J. Kerr,
Paul Cornell and Miguel J. Quin.
Pacific Economical M. Co., March 27.— Object: To
work the Moose mine, in Utah Territory, and to mine in
California and Nevada, and the States and Territories
adjoining the same, and to carry on mining and con-
struct miningworks and machinery as a general busi-
ness; to establish agencies in New York or elsewhere
with a view to procure funds for the corporation and to
act as agents of mining companies, owners of mines, or
others. Directors— James Brodie. William H. Cum-
mings, Alexander Kydd, A. H. Griffith and S. Strahan.
Capital stock, $5 000,000.
Oobntjcopia Cons. G. andS. M. Co., March 29.— Loca-
tion: Elko county, Nevada, Directors — J. B. Fitch, J.
W. Pence, L. I Mowry, Edward Chatlin, and Mrs. M.
Piereon. Capital stock, $10,000,000, divided into 100,-
000 shares.
Cons. Alabama G. and S. M. Co., March 30.— Loca-
tion: State of California. Directors — Michael McDon-
nel.Wro. W. Burns, W. L. Htggins, Augustus Laver
and Edward A. Edwards. Capital stock, $7,500,000, di-
vided into 75,000 shares.
West End Di tilling Co., March 30.— Capital stock,
$300,000. Object: Manufacturing spirits in this city
and county. Directors— J. G. Goldsmith, A. G. Van
Winkle, J. B. Snyder, Thos. Donnolly, and J. H. Siro-
bridge.
Aububn Gbavel M and Ditch Co.,March 30.— Object:
To conduct the general business of mining and convey-
ing water in Placer and Sacramento counties, and else-
where in this State; to construct all works necessary for
the proper extraction and reduction of ores and metals,
and the conveying of water; to acquire mines, mining
claims, mill siteB, water rights, ditches and flumes, and
other property pertaining to the general business of
mining and conveying water, and to bold, use, and dis-
pose of the same. Directors — P. Crowley, James Gan-
non, O. N. Felton, H. F. A. Schussler and William T.
Higgins. Capital stock, $1,000,000, divided into 10,000
shares-
Badgeb Cons. M. Co., March 30. — Location: Goose
Creek district, Elko county, Nevada. Capital stock, $8,-
000,000, in 80,000 shares. Directors— Jas. A Pritchard,
E. W. Leonard.D, Porter Matthew Canavan and Joseph
McGillivray.
Teiibace Cone. M.Co., March 30. — Location: Goose
Creek district, Elko county, Nevada. Capital stock,
$8,000,000, in 80,000 shares. Directors— J. A. Pritchard,
E. W. Leonard, D. Porter, M- Canavan, and Joseph Mc-
Gillivray.
SootiaM. Co., March 30. — Location: Poverty Hill,
Sierra county, Cal. Directors— A. T. Elliott, H. Wilke-
man, David H. Walker, T. F. MoCarthy and J. H. Dick-
inson. Capital stock, $5,000,000, divided into 60,000
shares.
Nobth Almaden Q. M. Co., March 30.— Location:
Sania Clara county, Oal. Capital stock, $2,000,000. Di-
rectors— J. Neale, E. J. WilBon, R. B. Harper, John
Harper and Henry Michaels.
Thirty- five trains are now running daily
over the Virginia and Truckee railroad.
California.
AMADOR-
Eioh Stbike in the Kennedy. — Amador
Ledger, March 27: We are pleased to chronicle
the fact, that in sinking the main shaft in the
Kennedy miDe, a very rich strike has been
made at the depth of 700 ft. The ledge at that
depth presents a width of 6 ft, and increases
as sinking proceeds. The ore now being taken
out is evidently the richest, as a body, yet dis-
covered in the mine, the rock «eing the regular
ribbon rock peculiar to the great mother lode,
and well charged with free gold and rich sul-
phurets. The main shaft has evidently reached
the south edge of an extensive chimney lying
north. The company will, in a short time,
commence the erection of a forty stamp mill to
be propelled by water, which will be, when
completed, a great saving in the coat of crush-
ing over steam power.
The St. Makys' Geavel Claims. — Several
days ago there was a partial clean up of a few
days run on pay gravel in the above named
claims, which revealed the fact that the claims
contained very heavy gold; one nugget weigh-
ing $46, and a large number of others varying
from $3 to $10. The company are now placing
three hydraulics on the claims, two Little
Giants, and one of less ca'iber. The claims,
which embrace near nine acres, nearly the
whole f which is valuable mining ground, be-
long to the Amador canal and mining com-
pany.
Rr/ssEL Hill. — Mining is being vigorously
prosecuted at Russel hill, with very satisfac-
tory results, and preparations are being made
to mine the hill on an extensive scale. No
doubt exists as to the richness of the ancient
channels penetrating the hill, and when the
underground systems of these channels shall
be understood, so that they can readily be fol-
lowed, heavy returns in gold will be obtained.
BUTTE-
Ibon. — Oroviile Mercury, March 26: For
some time past it has been known that iron ex-
isted in considerable quantities over in Wyan-
dotte township, in this county. A few weeks
since a party traveling over the hills came upon
a rook that seemed to him highly impregnated
wilh the ore. He broke off several pieies and
gave them to his friends in town. One of them
was sent to an assayer in San Francisco, with
the request that he would test it and see what |
amouut of silver and gold there might be in it.
The answer returned was that neither of the
above metals were to be found, but that it was
rith in magnetic iron. Soon after a company
was formed, consisting of Thomas Callow,
Supervisor Freer, E. A. Mathews, G. M. Mc-
Bride, A. Goldbtein, and a man by the name
of Meyers, who lost no time in staking off their i
claims. It is within seven miles of the rail-
road, over a good road, part of the way, and the
balance can easily be made so. In the imrne*
diate vicinity is to be found an abundance of
the best kind of lime rock, and also plenty of
wood and water.
CALAVERAS.
Mining Sluices. — Calaveras Chronicle, March
27: Gravel mining enterprises are multiplying
very rapidly in this vicinity. Among the latest
operations of that cbaractei we learn that
Messrs. Fringle and Buryea are making active
preparations to open a hydraulic claim on Tun-
nel Ridge, about half a mile this side of the
Junction. The iron pipe necessary for the
enterprise has been hauled to the ground, and
washing will commence as soon as everything
is in readiness. The claim was worked years
ago, when water was dear and but Utile known
about hydraulieing as the business is now con-
d noted, and abandoned.
Recent developments in the Haskins & Had-
ley quartz mine, at West Point, stamp it as one
ot the best in the country. Fifty-one tons of
ore taken from the mine, crushed in Carlton's
arastra mill, yielded 539% ounces and a half of
gold, worth $9,440— an average of over $185
per ton.
FRESNO.
Discoveries. — Fresno Expositor, March 31:
We were shown some specimens of ore taken
from a mine recently discovered by J. C. Garri-
son and others, near the head of Big Dry creek, i
The ore contains galena, copper, gold and sil-
ver, but whether in paying quantities or not'
remains to be tested. The parties have sunt
an incline some 28 ft on the ledge, and the
ledge js found to be some 4 ft in width, and
gradually widening out, and the ore appears to
have more mineral in it than at the surface.
The value of the discovery of course is proble-
matical. There evidently is much good mining,
ground yet in Fretno county, both in quart2
and gravel. Of the former, as yet nothing bal
pocket ledges have yet- been discovered, or,
rather, ledges in which the gold is generally
diffused are not found sufficiently rich to pas
by the processes of ore-working in vogue here
We are of opinion that the mining interests o:
Fresno county will at some day not far diatani
receive more attention than in the past, anc
that good paying mines will be developed.
INYO.
Pine Mountain.— Id yo Independent, Marcl
27: Mr. John Broeder, just returned from Pitt'
Mountain, reports developments in his min
there as eminently satisfactory, and of sufficien
extent and advancement to justify the i turned)
*
lb
■■■
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}
a
:
s
J
April 3, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
221
ate erection of a furnace. A furnace, however,
will involve a heavy outlay of money, princi-
pally in the construction of roads, and before
going into this expense, he d-< nis it best to
personally explain the entire situation to bis
brothers, Jiving near VUalia, who are largely
interested, and for this purpose he goes over
there next week. Mr. Moffat has been pros-
pecting In tbe vicinity for fire el-iy, ana has
opened some that is thought will do, but which
i* to be sutimitted to a furnace test at Cerro
Gordo. The prospects are altogether favora-
ble for the immediate construction of a furnace.
NEVADA.
Omaha Mine. — Grass Valley Union, March
30: Tne new ten inch pump at tbe Omaha
mine is now safely in tbe mine, und begun its
work lust Saturday. This pump will be able to
fork out tbe water for a great many month* to
oome, and there can be no danger now of tbe
mine filling up any mora. Tbe Omaha's sul-
E burets, 'left over after the last crushing of ore,
avti been worked. Those sulphuretB have be-
haved very well, turned ont rich in fact, and
gave the neat result nf $116 to the ton. With
rock that pays about $53 to the ton exclusive
of sulphurets, and then sulphurets paying $116
a ton, we call the Omaha ore very good.
Fompino Out. — Tbe shaft of the' Idaho is
being dipped out. It has been re-limbered for
100 tt, from the 900 to tbe 800, aud while the
men were timbering it the water was allowed to
collect A large tub raises the water to tbe 600-
ft level, where the big pumps get at it and raise
it to tbe drain tunnel. It will take several
days to get it in "fork." As soon as this is
done they will put in tbe rails and the shaft
will be completed and ready for the cages.
Gaston Ridgk Mine. — The Gaston Ridge
mine, situated bttween Washington and Eureka
South, in this county, is working along very
well. The new tunnel is now in about 400 ft,
and in about 70 ft more the ledge will be cut.
The ledge is a very large one and as far as it
has been worked shows well in tbe true indica-
tions of riohness namely : free gold.
Day Mine. — Foothill Tidings, March 27th:
Tbe Day mine, situated in Willow Valley, near
Nevada City, which was worked some yeara
ago and produced many thousands in gold from
near tbe surfac, but never was opened to a
depth of over 30 ft at any point, has recently
passed under tbe management of Oapt. T. W.
Moore and others, who have purchased steam
hoisting machinery and are preparing for an
energetic movement thereon. The Day is noted
for the great length of pay chute developed
near the surface and for the good average qual-
ity of the rock taken out, as it were, from the
1 graes roots." We are told that tbe last day's
work was done on the ledge at a depth of 30 ft,
below which they could not get because of wa-
ter, and the then owners were not able to put
on machinery for pumping, was in ore which
would pay sixty dollars per ton, and it is be-
lieved that with the facilities for work which
are now being put on, this mine will soon make
croakers and sleepy-heads open their eyes with
surprise.
The Howard Hill mines, Lurky and Cam-
bridge, now owned by a San Francisco com-
pany and working under the superintendence
of Captain John White, are likely to soon re-
I deem that once famous locality from the disre-
pute it has fallen ioto these last few years,
j Considerable prospecting h*s been done the
i past winter and a few days since the stamp* of
I tbe Gold Hill mill were dropping on a grist
l tent down from there. About twenty tons of
1 rook was put through, which yielded, as we
I understand, at the rate of $40 per ton. This
we believe was from the Cambridge lode about
1 40 ft deep and the ledge averages at this depth
1 about a foot in tbicknt-sB. This result will be
] very apt to induce an increase of force and the
J starting up of the company's mill.
PLACER
Grekne Mine. — Placer Herald, March 27:
With the completion of the new eight-stamp
mill, this company have, undoubtedly, the
most perfect and convenient works in the dis-
trict. The buildings on the mine are neat and
substantial; the machinery of the most ap-
proved kind. The mill, being convenient to
the shaft, is driven by the same engine, (40-
horse-power) that drives the pump. Another
engine, 16-horse power, is used, exclusively for
hoisting. The water from the mine is raised
j above the building, whence it is conducted . by
pipe back to an immense reservo;r in tbe side
'hill, from which it is drawn to supply the mill
aud boilers, as needed. Tbe mine itself is
well opened. Tbe. main shaft being down
about 300 feet, from which two levels are run,
one at 100 feet, and the other at 200 feet deep.
The first named is in from tbe shaft about 50
feet east, and about 75 feet west; the second is
in from the shaft about 140 feet east, and about
110 feet west. They are now sloping from
each side of tbe main shaft between the 100 ft.
and 200-ft. levels. The mill is kept steadily
running to crush tbe rock as fast as it is hoisted
from the mine. There has yet been no clean-
up since the new mill was started, but indica-
tions for fair returns are favorable. The
energy displayed by this company is a matter
of just praise. Supt. Wm. Green, and Frank
Lavelee, the competent and accommodating
foreman, both shareholders, are entitled to
much of the credit,
Qocksilveb. — A few days ago C. C.Bagsdale
handed us a piece of ore from tbe Nickerson
quicksilver mine, located a short distance the
other side of Bear river, which, from appearances
is quite rich. Men working in the mine pro-
nounce the ore worth 5 per cent, in quicksil-
ver. The shaft on the mine is now clown, about
90 ft. The width of the ledge is not exactly
known. From the croppiogs it is supposed to
be at least 200 ft. wide.
SANTA BARBARA.
QrjiCEsiLYKii Mines.— Santa Barbara Index,
March 29: Tbe news from over the mountains
is of tbe most encouraging character. There
are good reasons for believing that the Santa
Barbara (Los Prietos) quicksilver miuea will
prove the richest in tbe world. The energetic
superiutendeut, Mr. Ca«sell, is driving the
work right ahead, and once Lis furnaces are
in operation, and that will be soon, the world
will learu something of the mineral wealth of
Santa Barbara county.
SONOMA-
Pbospkctino. — Sonoma Democrat, March 20:
Recent explorations nenr Bunch's Station, on
the Heald--bnrg and Pine Flat road, have
proven the existence of gold and silver bear-
ing quartz as well as stone coal. Captain East-
man has located claims of each of those miner-
als, as well as of quicksilver. The gold aud
silver mines are the Stnr and Wandering Jew,
and the quicksilver ledge is called the Wan-
derer.
SISKIYOU
Mobnino Star.— Yreka Unhm, March 27:
The Morning Star company started up their
eight-stamp mill about a week ago, and the
plates of the batterieB are looking very well.
This company experiences more difficulty in
saving iheir gold than any other oompany on
Salmon, owing to their quality containing con-
siderable silver, whiob latter they have not as
yet au'y means of saving. The prospects of this
mine are looking extremely good at present.
As a proof of the immense quantity of
qunrtz in this section, we are informed that
Mr. Hobson claims to have knowledge of tbe
locality of no less than 40 different quartz
ledges.
Business at the Bar is looking up, and the
prospects for a prosperous future were never
better.
The Klamath quartz mine under the super-
intendence of friend Daggett, is coming to the
front rank among quartz mines. Each month's
clean up shows an increased yield of bullion
over the last. This company have lately at
tached revolving blankets to their batteries, and
are now putting up pans, settlers, etc. The
company intend shot tly to erect a furnaoe for
the purpose of roasting their sulphurets.
The Star of the West company have now an
8-ft ledge, at about 87 ft below the surface,
and the ledge is continually widening. The
quartz is very rich, a large percentage of it ex-
hibiting free gold. Some specimens of quartz
from this ledge are as rich as we have ever
Been come out of any mine.
Mesebb. Bennett and Miller'have nearly com-
pleted their arrangements for working the
lorks of Salmon Bar. This Bar is very large,
•and has paid rich all around it, and there is
hardly any doubt that there is pay all through
it. Messrs. Bennett and Miller are both live
and energetic men, and have expended a large
amount of capital in this enterprise. We wish
them unbounded success.
TUOLUMNE
Cinnabab. — Tuolumne Democrat, March 27:
Some pieces of float cinnabar has been found at
Marsh's flat, on the south side of Tuolumne
river. Several parties have taken up claims
and are now hunting to find the vein; they
have much confidence in being successful. A
small piece brought from there we have seen;
it is rich in quicksilver.
TULARE*
Gold. — Tulare Times, March 27: From a re-
liable source we learn that gold has been dis-
covered in the foothills, near Wagy's mill, and
about 35 miles from Vi.-a.lia. Some parties are
now engaged iu washing on a small scale, but
profitably successful. Further prospering
may result ^in some very rich discoveries. Our
mountains' have never been thoroughly prso-
pected and wonders may yet be discovered.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Siebra Nevada.— Gold Hill iVeu>s, March
25th: Sinking the Dew ^haft is making excel-
lent headway. The wafer no longer interlereB
with tbe work. Driving the northeast drift on
the 700-ft level of the old shaft is making
good progress, the face in ledge matter.
Leo. — The northeast drift, running from the
north crobs-cut, is now in 25 ft, and the vein
of ore in tbe face of the drift is from 15 to
18 inches wide, and still widening. The ledge
at this point is about 40 fc w.de, aud the
pro-pects of making a good development are
steadily improving.
Jubtick. — Main drift south at the 800-ft
level now in 55 ft from tbe incline, with the
faee in hard ledge matter and very wet.
Lady Bbyan. — Driving the southwest cross-
cut oa the 380-ft level is going steadily for-
ward, with evident indications of soon reaching
the ore vein.
Kossuth. — The main west drift on tbe 350-
ft level has penetrated the ore vein a dis-
tance of 70 ft, proving it much more solid
'and better defined than on the levels above.
Wells-Fabgo. — The sinking of the new shaft
is being pushed forward as lively as three shifts
of men, working night and day, can do it.
Dayton. — Sinking the main shaft below the
400-ft level is still making good progress.
The face of tbe main south drift on the 300-
ft level is still in a fine character of quartz
and low grade ore.
Lady Washington.— Shaft down over 400
ft. Two ft per day are made at present.
The water has decreased somewhat, b-ing prob-
ubly drained to a certain extent by the Justice
shaft.
SilvkbHill — Tbe north prospecting drift,on
the third station level, is showing much more
favorable indications of an ore development
in that portion of the mine.
Eubopa.— The face of the drift or cross-cut,
from tbe winze. 113 ft below the adit level, is
now through the west wall of the ledge and
cutting into the vein itself, the whole face being
in quartz, which looks splendidly and gives
good ansHys.
Ammucan Fiat.— The main south drifts on
both the 750 and 800-ft levels are still driven
vigorously ahead, running nearly parallel with
the ore vein, and affording some very proniis-
ingiudications of good ore developments ahead.
Original Gold Hill — Tbe cross-cut from
the main south drift, to intersect the valuable
ore development found in tbe upraise above
that level is about cutting into it.
Savage. — The main south drift on the 2200-
ft level has not yet completed a connection
with tbe north drift from tbe bottom of the
south winze, but will probably do bo in a day or
two more. When that is accomplished, the
diifts enlarged to a good working size, and car
tracks have been laid, the cross-cutting of this
level can be oommenced, and some good re-
sults may be looked for,
Califobnia. — Sinking the 0 & C shaft is ma-
king splendid progress. It is now down 300
fc. The re-timbering of ibe north drift on the
1550-ft level is making steady progress. The
face of cross-cut No. 3, on the 1500ft level has
encountered ore of a very rich 'character, prov-
ing more and more the steady continuation of
the ore body to the northward. The north
drift on the 1500-ft level, to connect croBs-cuts
Nos. 2 and 3, is still in ore of the finest possible
description. East cross-cut No. 2 encountered
a few small clay seams during the fore part of
tho week, which have again given place to fine
solid ore. The winze being sunk from east
crosB-cut No. 2, on the 1400-ft level, to con-
nect with the north drift on the 1500-ft level,
is down 38 ft, the bottom still in fair grade
ore. The south drift on the 1400 ft level, from
this winze, to connect with east cross-cut
No. 1, is in 97 ft, the face still in low gride
ore.
Ophib. — Daily yield, 150 tons of ore. There
is little or no change to report of either the
yield or appearance of the ore breasts on tbe
1465-ft level. Sinking the northeast winze
below the 1465-ft level is making good headway,
following the dip of the ore, which at that
point inclines to the north and west. The
northeast drift on the 1600 ft level at tbe bot-
tom of the north winze is still driven vigorously
ahead, the face still in rich ore. This drift is
in a distance of 60 ft, all the way in good
ore, and insures tbe development of a valuable
ore deposit on that level. The southwest drift
at tbe 1600-ft station of the new shaft is making
good headway, tbe face still in hard porphyry.
Consolidated Vieginia. — There is no pros-
pecting being done in the mine at present, with
the* exception of running the east cross-cut on
the 1400-f.t level, on the CHlifornia line. That
drift is in a distance of 165 ft, the face still in
porphyry, with occasionally small stringers of
quartz. This drift has probably 30 or 40 ft yet
to run to reach the ore vein. The mills are all
running steadily and everything in and about
the mine looks bright and prosperous.
Overman. — The heavy flow of water in the
main shaft is kept below tbe 900 ft level by ac-
tive pnmpiog. Preparations are being made to
put in the new pump, which is contracted for
and will s^on arrive.
Cbown Point — Daily yield, 500 tons of ore,
keeping the company's mi'U steadily running
The ore breasts on the 1400, and those between
the 1400 and 1500 ft levels, are are all looking
well and yielding the usuul amount of milling
ore. Gross-cutting and prospecting on the
1600-ft level is still energetically carried 00,
without any valuable developments to report.
The 1700-ft Btation is about computed.
Noeth Consolidated Virginia. — The new
shaft of this company is located 2000 ft north
of the great C & C Bhaft, Virginia, and is now
down 85 ft. It consists of three compartments,
substantially timbered, and is sinking in very
promising vein material, some of the quartz as-
saying from $3 to $8 per ton.
Utah. — The erec ion of the new pumpins
machinery is making steady headway. Pros-
pecting the ore vein bo'h north and south on
the 400-ft level is still vigorously prosecuted.
Senatob. — The southeast cross-cut on tbe
400-ft level is showing a steady improvement
as the diift advances into deeper ground. The
ore in this drift has from its commencement
shown much base metal, which could not be
worked by the ordinary milling process, but
there is every indication now of tbe ore becom-
ing more free as the drift advances.
Globe Consolidated. — Tbe face of the main
west drift on the 400-ft level is still in quartz
aud ore of a fine character.
Mexican. — The ore in the face rf the north
drift on tbe 1465-ft level is looking much more
promising as the work advance?.
Caledonia.— The incline shaft is timbered
and finished to a depth of 60 ft below tbe 1000-
ft station. Prospecting on the 900 and 1076-ft
levels has developed nothing new during the
week.
Flokida.— New shaft down 446 ft to-day.
Tbe foundations for the new boilers and heavy
hoisting machinery are being laid, and all the
arrangements for the new works are being laid
out and directed under the supervision of Mr.
Patten, the constructing engineer of the new
mill and works of the Consol. dated Virginia
mining company.
Gould & ConBY.— Driving north on the
1700-ft level, to connect with the south drift
from tbe Best & Belcher, is making steady
progress, tbe faoe continuing hard blasting.
Choi.lab-Potosi.— Tbe fuce of both the
Rouih drifts on tbe 1150 and 1250-ft levels are
rtill in barren porphyry. Grading tbe site for
tbe company's shaft is making steady pro-
gress.
Julia.— The main Booth drift on the 1000 ft
level is still pushed vigorously ahead, the face
in soft porphyry with a mixture of quartz and
clay of a very favorable character.
Rock Island.— The shaft is down 231 ft be-
low the first station level, the bottom in good
working ground. It in the intention to open a
new level at a depth of 20 ft more, and start a
drift for the ledge.
Knickerbocker — Tbe north and south drifts
on the 600 and 700-ft levels are still driven
energetically ahead, following the east clay
wall of the ledge.
NiAOABA. — Sinking the incline shaft has
been resumed. This shaft is down a depth of
150 ft, at which point ore of a high grade was
encountered. Some fine developments are
confidently looked for as gveiter depth is at-
tained.
Sutro. — Excellent progress is being made
with the main west tunnel, the face still in soft
working ground. A considerable flow of water
will probably be encountered before the main
ore vein is reached.
Leviathan. — Shaft down 150 ft. Some
spots of very good ore are occasionally met
with, and the prospects for developing a good,
paying mine are excellent.
Impebial-Empike. — Sinking the main incline
is making fair headway. The main south drift
and the east cross-cut on tbe 2000-ft level are
eaoh still driven vigorously ahead.
Yellow Jacket. — Cross-cutting the ore vein,
on the 1740-ft levels, is being pushed vigor-
ously ahead, with some favorable ore indica-
tions, but nothing that as yet indicates paying
bodies of ore.
Woodville. — Sinking the winze in the north
drift, below tbe 300-ft level, is also making
good progress, the bottom stall in ore of a fine
character.
Oregon.
The Mines.— Walla Walla Union, March 20:
Until quite recently the prospect for a good
mining season has been very dull indeed, for
although we have had unusually heavy snows
in the valleys it was unusually light in the
mountains, consequently there was no prospect
of a good supply of water. But within the
last week or two there has been a considerable
addition to the amount of snow in the moun-
tains, and the prospect b for a moderate supply
ar« greatly increased thereby. Still there will
have to be a good deal more fall before a good
and abundant supply will be assured.
Mabyrvtlle Mining & Watee Co. — Bedrock
Democrat, March 24: On yesterday we had the
pleasure to make tbe acquaintance of Mr. Best,
who has just arrived from Marysville to attend
to the interests of the Marysville water and min-
ing company, whose works are located at
Aulmm, in this county, where tkey now have
in 1,500 ft of flume, which will convey some
2.000 inches of water. It is the intention of
the superintendent to run day and night and it
ib expected that they will be able to wash
down 1,500 square yards of ground every 12
hours. The oompany aro well pleased
with their prospects, and look for big
pay from their mining operations this season.
Mr. Best ha* the appearance of being a practi-
cal man, aud understands the business of which
he has charge. The company have five goose
neck nosgles from 2% to 3% inch, and three
Little Giants on the way here, some of wbioh
will be for sale. Here will be a good opportu-
nity for some of our hydraulic companies to
supply themselves with these improved means
of washing down banks. The Marysville com-
pany will oommence running as soon as water
starts.
Arizona.
Local Mining Affaibs, — Arizona Citizen,
M*rch20: It is now fully demonstrated that
the Orftrifh lode is at least six miles in lenath,
and runs from five to ten feet in width. Tbe
new discovery nude by D. C. Thompson, three
miles from tbe Ostiich, is simp'y that distance
from the Ostrich mine but on the same lode.
Tom Eoddick, who was among the first dis-
coverers and is now nn enthusiastic explorer of
tbe couutry, says that he is convinoed that the
Ostrich has the full extent of leng h, thickness
and richne^ that anybody has ever represent d.
In opening up the Saltan and Crescent, fully
three miles from the Os'rich claim, he finds
the vein ten feet wide. He is making a cut
across the top of about twenty feet from whiob
a shaft is to be sunk. He was in town early in
the week for supplies, and while here had two
assays mad* frun the top ore; on^ showing it
to contain $9.42 iu silver and $120 58 in gold,
and the other $9 42 silver and $75.36 gold.
From the Eclipse claim, he had one sample as-
sayed whiob gives $61.26 silver and $60.29
gold. This is the lowest in value of any sam-
ple we have hea'd of being nude, and assays
have been made of ores taken from various
parts of the lode for bis miles.
A man whose name we did not learn, came in
this week with a pound and a quarter of gold
taken from ore reduced in an arastra off south-
ward. The gold was put into a bar at the
Tucson assay office.
222
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 3, 1875
P©pdu^ LectJ^es.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Ninth Lecture Delivered before the University of Oal
ifornia College of Agriculture, on Friday, January
29th, by Pbof. 0. E. Bebpet.
Insectivorous Plants.
A week ago I called your attention to some
peculiar things, certain peculiar relations ex-
isting between plants and insects. Now,
strange as these relations, existing between
plants and insects may seem, there ate others
stranger still. If it is a strange thing that in-
sects in visiting certain plantB in search of
honey rrniet pass into the flower by one chan-
nel and out by another, or, if the slight motion
imparted to the stamens excites our wonder,
what shall we say of the plants which have
paths dotted with nectar to lure honey -loving
insects, or those with traps set for their prey,
which, when caught, they afterwards digest;
or those still stranger ones which actually reach
out and seize the unfortunate insect tbat ven-
tures too near and hold it in an embrace which
only ends in the total destruction of the victim?
Such plants, the ones of which I shall speak
this afternoon, may very properly be called in-
sectivorous (insect-eating).
There are the Pitcher plant, Sun Dew, Fly-
trap and a few others, and we have here before
you illustrations of them.
The Fly-trap is represented here, [Fig. 1.]
There are several species of the genus Sarra-
cenia, and this genus is well represented by
these two diagrams; this found in the Northern
States, and this found in the Southern States.
[For a representation of one species, see Fig. 2.]
Several species of this genus have, as you
know, leaves which are pitcher- shaped, or in
some cases trumpet-shaped. You see the tipper
one bears some faint rcsemblanc to a pitcher.
These are allied to it. [The Professor here
pointed to sketches illustrating different plants,
pointing out some of their peculiarities.]
These leaves have more or less water in "them,
or, a watery fluid.
This fluid is secreted at certain times —
Not at all Times—
Sometimes there is no fluid.
At other timeB you And an abundance of it.
It is found upon chemical tests to have a de-
cided re-action. If any meat or organic matter
is put into this fluid, it will act as a solvent.
Bits of fleBh allowed to remain in it for a time
will be found to have dissolved much more
rapidly than if they had been placed in ordinary
water.
This fluid, instead of being rained in, as it
might seem, seems to be actually secreted.
That is, there are little glands placed along
from this point downward. These little glands
seorete ihis fluid and pour it out. [The lecturer
then spoke of certain peculiar arrangements in
the habits and structure of these plants, show-
ing that this fluid certainly is a secretion, and
is not rained into the receptacle containing it.]
Above this surface, which is fouDd in these
tubes, the inner walls are made exceedingly
smooth, and above this smooth track is another,
covered over with bri.-tles, which are pointing
downward, and so arranged that as an insect
visiting the flower gets upon this it loses its
foothold very readily.
So you see how it would act. Supposing an
•insect happens to get into this water here and
tries to get out; it first has to cross this smooth
track, and if it succeeds, above that then it meets
this array of bristles. The edge of these
bristteR is so smooth it cannot get any hold at
all, as there seems to be a cheval de-frise of the
oavity. Around the mouth is a
Track Covered With Honey,
And this is secreted in some species in very
great abundance. And more than this, there is
a little pathway of honey right around this
point [refers to diagram], and upon this lid-
like portion there are little drops of honey, and
then along this to this part right here.
These honey drops are placed along so that
inseotB are attracted by this. They follow it up
just the same as a pig follows up a trail of
oorn. The insect passes just over the edge of
the leaf, plunges down and over it, goes into
the bath below, and, from experiment, it is
found they can never get out.
Now this watery fluid into which the insect
falls has an acid reaction, and is somewhat al-
lied to the gastric juice of the stomach, so that
it actually digests these insects. This fact of
the arrangement of this honey pathway for
luring the insect to the top of the leaf and
then having it fall into the fluid secretion was
just made out within the last year by certain
physicians in the Southern States.
This is the Darlingtonia Calif ornica. [Fig. 3.]
It differs from this order of pitcher plants in
this: that while in this case [Fig. 2.] the upper
part of the leaf is more or less open and ex-
posed to the air, in this, [Fig. 3.], the open
point is away under this edge, and from the
edge of this opening there is hanging down a
very strange appendage, which has a red oolor;
and, by th« way, I should call your attention
to the fact that we have some brilliant colors
placed up here close to where the lure is given.
A portion of the plant is
Smeared Over,
To use an observer's own expression, with
honey. Now, see how the insects act. Insects
usually vi3it the flowers which have some
bright color or which have some strong odor,
some fragrance; those are the things which
usually attract tbem. The insect, flying along,
notices this, and is lured on until very soon it
is toppling over into this water in here, where
it is imprisoned and very soon is digested.
Now another thing pointed out by an obser-
ver is this: This appendage is found to have
about the same oolor as the plant itself, and
he makes this suggestion that it would be well
to notice whether the plant has not attempted
here to feed these Inseots in one oase and in the
other case to feed upon them; whether those of
Fly Traps. As to the use made of the cap-
tured inseots, it would appear from 'the obser-
vations made wiihin the last year that it is
altogether likely, perhaps quite certain, that
the plants make use of this decaying matter in
just the same way animals make use of the
food received which is in their own stomachs;
so that these are so far like animals.
Brosera, or Sun Dew, is one of the small
marsh plantB. Its leaves are covered over with
little viscid, glandular hairs. If a piece of
organic matter such as an insect or piece of
beef be dropped upon one of these little leaves,
V
FlS- 3-DARBINGTONTA CALIFORNTCA.
the very same color, which in one caBe would
give the insect honey and pollen and every-
thing that it wants, in the other case following
it up carefully — will not be found to lure it on
till it flies over into this cavity and is destroy-
ed. Some hold that in this case, as in this
other, there are smooth tracks, perfectly smooth,
so that the insect can readily-pass out and that
others fare covered over again with retrorse
prickles so that when an insect is once in there
it stays there, and never can get out. In an
Pig. 1— Two Leaves of the Fly Trap.
allied form, but in a near relative, the
Pitcher Plant
Of the East having very near the same arrange-
ment. This is the plant found in the Eastern
Hemisphere. It climbs by these tendrils.
This plant has been known a great many years,
simply as a curious one. You find it spoken
of in all your botanies as an example of what a
plant can do in modifying its original leaf form.
Dr. Hooker thinks this has also a leaf track as
there is more or less honey also upon this.
There is also found abundance of water in here
which has the same chemical characteristics,
so that it actually works the same way the
Darlingtonia does. This is a species of Sarra-
cenia. These are known as the Pitcher Plant
the ha'rs verv soon begin to turn toward this
bit of beef. Very soon thev touch it with their
little g'andular tips, and when one touches )t
sticks. Very poou the iFaf folds over the in-
sect and actually in a short time it coils around
so that thirty, forty, or fifty of these little hairs
Figr. 2 Sarracenia Drammondi.
close around the insect; of course the insect is
destroyed.
Mrs. Mary Treat, an observer in New Jersey
made the following observations : —
At fif een minutes past ten she placed a
piece of raw beef upon a leaf of one of her
plants and at ten minutes past twelve, — that is
just about two hours — two leaves had folded
over the beef, partially or entirely hiding it
from sight
At 11 : 30, the same day, she placed living flies
upon leaves of the plants, and at 12:48— a
little more than an hour afterward— one of the
leaves had folded
Entirely Around its Victim,
And some time after the fly had ceased to
struggle. At 2:30, four leaves had each en-
closed a victim. She tried mineral substances
and pebbles, but in twenty-four hours neither
of the leaves had made any move like clasping
these articles. Evidently they knew what was
good for them. She wet a piece of chalk in
water, and in less than an hour bristles were
curving about it, but soon unfolded, leaving
the chalk free upon the blade of the leaf. It
was found, in making experiments with another
species, with a piece of apple, after eleven
hours part of the bristles were clasping it, but
not many of the glands were touching it.
Evidently it didn't like apples as well as it
liked beef. The same observer found that
when live flies were pinned at half an inch
distance from the leaves, the leaves moved to-
ward the insects, and in less than two hours
had reached them.
I don't know how to explain it, I don't know
how the plant in that case knew the fly was a
half an inch away from it, but in some way it
did know it, and managed to go over and
grasp it. .
The Dioncea, or Fly Trap, is perhapp, all
things considered, the most wonderful plant of
which we have any knowledge; though almost
all plants become more and more wonderful,
the more'we study them. The plant is
Bomewhat peculiar in structure, having a di-
lated bell-like portion, and at the top of this it
bears a sort of rounded blade with a kind of en-
larged fringe in the centre. This, as you 6ee,
bt^ars little bristles, so that when these two
sideB come together they meet thus : [The points
of the bristles passing by each other.] Upon
the surface, upon each side are three or four
bristles. These are sensitive.
These two sides fit together in such a manner
that the action is much the same as an ordinary
rat-trap; where you open out the jaws in this
way, and if you happen to touch the Bpriog
here, the jaws spring suddenly together. The
aciion is almost the same. I have frequently
taken a pin and irritated these little hairs and
they would clasp with a quick motion, just like
a little trap. Now, if an insect happens to
alight on this upper portion, and happens to
strike one of these little hairs, you see what
the result would be; it would be caught.
Now, you see why these hairs are made so that
they close in that way.
These hairs, by thus closing in, make a
prison with little bars. The insect tries to get
out; but usually does not succeed. It has been
known for a great many years tbat flies were
caught by this plant, so it was called the " Fly
Trap."
Botanists looked at it as a curious plant and
it was called the fly plant. Mr. Darwin, how-
ever, discovered that there was something in
the plant more than the catching of flies, and
to him we owe very much of the knowledge we
have of it. This last two years or bo, many
facts have come out. We don't know very
muoh about thiB plant. We do know enough,
however, to regard it as far more than a curi-
ous thing, it is a wonderful plant, and when
we staud before it, we see attributes which we
had supposed peculiar to anima's alone. It
not only destroys fl.es. It is destroying just as
effectually many of our old id- as of the
essential difference between plants and ani-
mals. Mr. Canity, a botanist, of one of the
Southern States, finds that the insect caught
as prey is absorbed, so that in one or two weeks
nothing but the shell of it remains. The ltaf
pours out a fluid which is like the gaslrio
juice, and has the power to dissolve the instct.
That is what Mr Canby found out.
Mr. Darwm finds that this fluid is acid in its
reaction, just as the gastric juice; that is, not
only hai it the Bame chemical reaction, but it
also acts as does the gastric juice. Mr. Canby
further finds that when the insect has dis-
solved, in a few days it is absorbed, eo tbat in
one or two weeks nothing but the shell of the
insect remains. The leaf is then opened and
is ready for its second meal.
Mrs. Mary Treat, of Vineland, the same
observer before mentioned, last epring made
some observations upon three of these plants.
Her account reads more like feeding an ani-
mal than like feeding a plant:
1 May 5th, plant No. 1. Two leaves caught
house flies. Another leaf caught a large blue-
bottle fly. May 12* h. The two large leaves
on No. 1 which caught house flies are open-
ing." That is, the flies were dissolved and
absorbed and the leaves opened out in a good
healthy condition, ready for more flies. '"But
the leaf which cangbt the large fly has sne-
cumbed." That seems to be very frequently
the case; when it has. taken an overdose it
seems to be taken with indigestion. "May
5th. A Btrong leaf has closed over an inseot
almost as large as a squash bug. June 5lh the
leaf opened. Leaf healthy. Nothing left of
the bug bat the shell." Entirely dissolved, as
you see. "June 14th.
It has Digested the Bug."
The beetle is longer in being digested, and t.o
t goes on. She says: "In this way I managed
to get nine beetles entrapped, but only one 1
leaf was strong enough to digest its victim. My
favorite plant, the strongest one, from May 1st
to October has caught forty insects and digest- 1
ed most of them."
Tbat is, a little plant, only about fonr or!
five'incheB in highr, with these leaves three
inches in length, a little plant like that catch-
ing and digesting forty flies! A strong story.
\
IN
April 3, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
223
Qood HE4LTH-
Trichina.
Mkbsbh. Editors: — la your issue of a fort-
night ago you gave us a long and interesting
dissertation on trichina aud its fatal effects on
the human s> stem. Now could you not kindly
inform us whether there is no cute or no pre-
ventive for this aliirmiug evil anve in. a total
abstinent •<■■ from all porcine nourishment? Are
we to infer from your aitiule tLat we nan at
banish the very palatable dijh of ham and
cggH from our tab!**? Shall we eschew the
time-honored dish of pork and beans, so dear
lo t hi- hunt and stomach of every New Eng-
land r — ai d niu^t pickled p'gs' feet and souse
be tabooed forever? Or. are wo to umb rntand
that it is only in fresh pork, or that which has
bein but paitiully cooked ilut this t*rribie
pira.Mto exi-tle? In nhort, does no ordinary
preparatory process kill the hiobina?
Yours Ktspectful'y,
G. A. Hamilton.
Virginia City, March 22.
Answkb:— The trichina will easily succumb
to a beat of 212 degrees F. Hence, no danger
need be apprenended from pork which has
been thoroughly cooked.
Tuk Tooth Achk. — A correspondent says
tbataf'er Buff-rit'g excruciating pain from this
ache, and haviog tried in vain to oht tin relief,
Betty told me a gentleman had b°eu waiting
aome time in the parlor, who said he would
not detain me one minute. He came— a friend
I had nut s^eu for years. He sympathized
with me, when I told him how sadly I was
:iiil o'ed.
"My dear friend," exclaimed he, "I can cure
you in ten minutes." ''How? how?" in-
quired I; "do it in pity." "Instantly," said
he — '"Betty, have you any alum?" "Yes."
"Bring it, aud some common salt." They
were produced; my friend pulveriz d tbem,
mixtd tbem in equal quantities; then wet a
small piece of cotton, causing the mixed pow-
ders t > adhere, and placed it iu my hollow
tooth. "There," said he. "if that doea not
cure yon, I will forfeit mv head; the remedy is
infrtllibl-*." It was so. I experienced a sen-
sation of coldness on applying it. which grad-
ually subsided, and with it the torment of the
toothache. Eisily tried.
Doctobb. — There is no danger that the phy-
sician will ever become a useless member of
society, for the simple reason that instead of
decreasing the share of his duties, the culture
of preventive medicine— of the knowledge of
how to prevent diseases as well as to cure them
after they are engendered— must tend to am-
plify arid enlarge the same. His will be the
task, not merely to recoguize the forms of ailB
and endeavor to combat their effects, but to look
into the future and, through the aid of all circum-
stances of the present, predict possible evils and
point out means of defense. Add to this the
constantly increasing knowledge of drugs aud
their properties, of the wonderful relations of
mind and body, of the nature and habits of dis-
jease, which- science is rApidly developing, and
(the physician of the future has before bim not
)a narrower but a far wider field for the exercise
of his skill.
Fob DiPHTHesiA. — A Mr. Greathead, of
,' Australia, communicates to the public a very
effective remedy for diphtheria. It is simply
the use of sulphuric ac d, of which four drops
are diluted in three-fourths of a tumbler of
water, to be adminis'ered to a grown person,
and a smaller dose to children, at intervals not
specified. The result is said to be a coagula-
tion of the diphtheritic membrane, and its
jready removal by coughing. It is abserted that
I where the case thus treated has not advanced
(to a nearly fatal termination the patient recov-
ered in almost every instance.
How to Become Fleshy.
You would like to be round and rosy-cheeked.
Then po to bed early after having spent the
evening socially. Cheerfulness and content-
ment are the friends of bealtbfulness. Sleep in
a pure atmosphere and in a room into which
the sun has shone through the day. Don't be
afraid of the night air, for there is no other air
at night, and you would certainly die before
morning if you did not breath it; avoid
draughts and dampness; sleep as lone as you
can and pet np as soon as you wake, if yon feel
rented- Drink all the pure cold water you can
swallow first, aud ride or wiilk in the open air
for half an hour; then eat a breekfast of Gra-
ham bread, baked swett apples with cream, or
some other fruit, with a soft, fresh-boiled epg,
or a bit of beefsteak and a baked potato, aud
drink a glu^s of new mi' k. if you like it.
Enjoy wha,t you are doi»g, either for itself or
what it will bring you. Brenthe an much pure
air as possible; bad food and pure air will make
flesh faster than impure air and good food. For
dinner, eat roast beef or mutton, or rare steak,
with bread, potatoes and all vegetables that are
relished, a dessert of plenty of ripe fruit, with
cream and sugar, bnt without pastry or cake.
If tired, rest a little before d'nuer. and take a
short nap after it. Don't work hard enough to
produce excessive perspiration, if you can help
it, or until you feel very much exhausted.
For supper, eat oat-meal porridge, cracked
wheat, or Graham mush, with cream and fruit,
and a fresh roll; or, if you den't feel hungry,
take a glass of milk and eat nothinp. Drink
little tea or coffee, or n^nsat all. Bathe every
day to keep the skin clean and Ski a surpris-
ing'y short time you will grow plump and
light hearted. But remember, you »ust laugh
to grow fat. — 3FUioaukee Magazine.
Invested Toe-nails. — The application of the
muriated tincture of iron to the nail and the
surrounding ulcerated and granulated surface,
ono'* or twice a day, wi'h a camel's hair penoil,
will effect a complete cure. As a general rule
to apply it once a day, at bed tim«, will be
sufficient. The ulcerated surface heals with
astonishing rapidity, and the nail assumes its
normal appearance, making a complete cure, in
moi-t cases in a few weeks. Paring and cutting
the corners of the nail usual 'y do more barm
than g'iod. — Surgieal Reporter, Philadelphia.
UsEfdL IflfQFUHTIQN.
Avoid Marble-top Tables — According to
the Herald of Health marble top tables are to
he avoided. It says: "They are cold, and rap-
idly absorb the heat and vitality of the body,
robbing it of its life. "We have heard of one in-
valid whom the doctor could not cure until
}one day he noticed she u$ed a marble s'and,
and suspected it had something to do wiih her
ill health. So he forbade her touching it.
Soon she was cured. We know healthy people
who feel the twinges of pain iu a shoulder by
sitting near one. They are handsome, but un-
healthy for all that."
Disinfectant and Mouth-Wash. — A weak so-
lution of peimnnganate of potash will destroy
iust-ntly any t lint from diseased teeth or im-
perfectly cleaned plates, and should alwifcys be
U'-ed to rinse spi'tnons with in hot weather.
It is -cheap, satisfactory, almost tasteless, not
poisonous, and qui'e fee from smell. It may
be satisfactory to aome to know that this will
remove the t dnt of smoking from the breath
if ustd as a mouth-piece.
To Cube Hoarseness. — When the voice is
lost, as is sometimes the case, from the effects
of cold, ai-imple, pleasant remedy is furnished
by beaing up the white of an egg, adding to it
thft juice of a lemon, and sweetening with white
sugar to the taste. Take a teaspoonful from
time to time. It has been known to effectually
remove the ailment.
How Malt is Made, — The grain is first taken
up by an elevator run by steam, and is poured
into a weighing bin, from which it passes
through an automatic arrangement, where the
chaff, light heads, du^t, etc , are carried off by
the air, after which the good grain passes over
a sieve, which separates any other foreign mat-
ter which may remain. It is then carried to
the storage room by a conveyancer. The grain
is now ready for the steeping or soaking tubs
in the basement, where it remains from 24
to 48 hours, according to the grain and
temperature. After being sufficiently steeped,
the grain is removed to the different floors by
an elevator and spread out so as to give v time
to sprout before being p'aced in the kilns.
It is necessary in the manufacture of malt to
have the grain sprout in order that the sugar
may be extracted, from which the alcoholic
properties is derived. Aferthe sprouting
process the grain is placed in the kilus,
which have to be kept at a certain temperature
and the malt siirred up or turned over several
times to prevent its being overheated. It re-
quires fifteen to sixteen days to convert the
barley into malt ready for the manufacture of
beer.
How to U-e a Gbindstone. — Common grind-
stone spindles, with a crank at one end, arc
open to the great objection that the stone will
never keep round, because every person is in-
clined, more or less, to follow the motion of
his foot with his hand, which causes the pres-
sure is always applied to the very same part of
stone, and will soon make it uneven, so that it
is impossible to grind a tool true. To avoid
this, put iu place of the crank a small cog-
wheel of 13 cogs, to work into the former. The
stone will make about *07 of a revolution more
than the crank, and the harder pressure of the
tool on the stone will change to another pluoe
at every turn, and the stone will keep perfectly
round if it is a good one. This is a very sim-
ple contrivance, but it will be new to many of
our readers
Blackening Sheet Zino. — The following is a
new process lately discovered for obtaining zinc
sheets of a solid black color. The sh- et of zinc
is cleansed by hydrocblorio acid and sand, and
then plunged into a solution of equnl parts of
chlorate of potash and sulphuric acid. A slight
velvety-black deposit is immediately formed.
The plate is carefully washed with water, al-
lowed to dry, and ihtn plunged into a solution
of asphalt in benzine, lefc to drain, and rubbed
with a piece of eotton rag.
Big Guns. — Seventy vears ago the heaviest
naval gun was a thirty-two pounder, weighing
two tons and a half, and ten pounds of powder
was a charge. A gun now in process of con-
struction at Woulwich, England, twenty six
feet and nine inches in length, will weigh
eighty-one tons, throw a projectile of 1,250
pounds weight, and requires 210 pounds of
powder to load it.
Beef Steak ELEcTRicrrr.— The six Christ-
mas lectures for juvenile listener** at the Royal
Institution, London, were delivered by Dr. J.
H. Gladstone, F. B. S He chose for his sub-
ject, " The Voltaic Battery." Most of the ex-
periments and teachings were of course too ele-
mentary to interest the readers of these pages,
but one of the experiments revealed a fact not
generally known. He said that in daily life
weak electrical currents are at work where their
presetare is often little suspected; for instance,
supposing a petsoa at dinner to have a silver
fork in one baud and a finger upon the steel
put uf ft knife held in t^e other, it follows that,
wh' n he p'unges the knife and fork into a beef
steak, two dissimilar metals are thereby placed
in a moist conducting substance, consequently
a vnltaio circuit is formed and an electric cur-
rent flows thmueh the body of ihe individual
between the knife and fork. To prove that this
was really the case, he connected a reflecting
ealvano meter with the knife and fork by
means of wires; he then proceeded to cut a beef
steak, and the current thus generated deflected
(he needle of the galvanometer, so that ihe spot
of light which it reflected was seen traveling
along the sort en by all the observers.
Cbemvtion. — The practice of cremation by
open-air burning has frequently be^n referred
to as long practiced by the Indians in various
parts of the country; but we have no reoollec-
tion of ever before meeting wi*h a cremation
pio^e^s, as described below. We copy from
an exchange: Cremation appears to have been
practiced in this country iu the a2es anterior
to its occupancy by our present race. In the
region of North Carolina the custom was to
cover the body with c ay and build a fire upon
it, which not only consumed the body, but con-
verted the clay into a hatdened mass, or sar-
cophagus. In the region of Indiana it appears
to. have been the custom to place the body,
with the futl. within an oven of clay, the ashes
being left in the receptacle after incineration.
To Cbystaize Flowebs. — Construct some
baskets of fancy form with pliable copper wire,
and wrap them with gauze. Into these tie to
the bo: torn violets, ferns, geranium leaves— in
fact, any flowers except full-blown roses — and
sink tbem in a solution of »lumu of one pound
to a gallon of water, after the solution has
cooled. The colors will then be preserved in
their original beauty, and the crystalized alum
will hold faster than when from a hot solntiou.
When y'ou have a li<<ht covering of crystals that
covers completely the article, remove the basket
carefully, and allow it to drip for twelve hours.
The basket makes a beautiful parlor ornament,
and for a long time preserve the freshness of
flowers.
DopESpc EcofJoffly.
Meat and Wine. — Meat does not oxidize or
putrify in compressed air, though it undergoes
changes of color, texture and flavor. Certain
fermentations mav be arrested by oxygen at a
high pressure. Wines may be prevented from
undergoing acetous fermentation by the action
of compressed air. Wine (even new wine)
may also be prevented from undergoing any
deteriorating change by rapid agitation for 24
or 48 hours under a pressure of two or three
atmospheres— in fHct wine may be "aged" in
a few hours by that process.
To do Away with Matches;— A recent French
invention, which, it is claimed, will sweep away
the match trade, ia an electrical tiod<-r box,
small enough to be carried in a cigar case. On
opening the box a platinum wire 1b seen, which,
by touching a spring, is made at once red-hot,
so that it will ignite a cigar. A mesh of cotton
steeped in spirits may also be introduced into a
tiny sconce, and a little lamp is the result. The
hidden agency which heats the wire is a mina-
ture electrical battery, set in action by touch-
ing the spring.
How to Prevent Benzine Stains on Cloth-
ing.— The brown marginal stain generally left
after removing a grease spot with benzine, may
be prevented by strewing gypsum or lycopo-
dium upon the cloth immediately after remov-
ing the spot, as far as the material is moist, and
allowing it to remain on until perfectly dry,
when the gypsum can be brushed off, leaving
the cloth without the usual unsightly rim.
An excellent way of cleansing soiled Brussels
carpet, in the spring when stoves are removed,
is to take a bucketful of soft water, with a pint
of ammonia added. With this give the carpet
a good rubbing, but do not moisten it too much.
Immediately afterwards wipe up with a clean
dry cloth, and the carpet will be thoroughly
clean and free from dust without shaking.
Alvan Claek, the Cambridge telescope maker,
who worked ten years to establish a reputation,
is getting ready to manufacture an immense
telescope for the Austrian Government, and is
a'so negotiating with the trustees appointed by
Mr. James Lick for the erection of an instru-
ment in a California university.
A 999 years' lease has just run out in Eng-
land, and the estate has reverted to the repre-
sentatives of the original owners. The laud is
at Woolwich, and was church property 1,000
years ago, but was leased to the Crown for mili-
tary purposes.
Composition of Wool Gkease. — According
to Schulze and Urich, the bulk of the natural
wool grease of sheep consists of compound
ethers. A part of alcohols and fatty acids are
in a free condition.
Fish as Food.
Fishes yield an almost endless variety of
food for man. They furnish a much greater
number of edible genera and species than any
other class of the animal creation, and from
them Borne nationsderive theircbief sustenance.
The inhabitants of the most northern pats of
Europe, Asia and America, where but frw ali-
mentary pl-tnts are f^und, are compelled to live
almost exclusively on flsh.
The great bulk of the soft part ol fi<he« con-
sists of voluntary muscles forming tfte flesh,
which are disposed upon the sides of the Fpinal
column— four series on either aide They aro
soft, pelucid and but little permeat d with
blood. Fish flesh contains more wtt-r th«n
the fle«h of either quadrupeds or birds. In
many fishes th« flewh is mixed with, or cover d
by, oily or fatty matter, as in the salmon, the
berring,the sprat and the' eel. Thin is more
abundant in the thinner or Hbdominal parts
than in the thicker or dorsal portions. Hrnce,
the thinnest part of salmon iB preferred by
epicures. After spawning, the quantity of this
oil is greatly diminished.
In the cod and many other fi-hes, the mus-
cles are arranged in more or less wedge shaped
masses, called flaken, which, after cooking,
readily separate from each other, owing pa'tiy
to the contraction of the muscular fib e, ai>d
partly to the solut on of interposed ligament-
ous tendinous matter. In the flat or eel-sbaped
fishes, the tiY-h has rather a fibrous than a
flaky arrangement. The flesh of the wbitinj,
the ood, the haddock, the sole, the flounder,
the turbot and other species, is white; hence,
they are termed white fiBh. The fle>h of fi6h
is in the greatest perfection for food at the
period of the ripeniDg of the milt and roe. It
is then said to be in season.
Fried Meats.
The frying of meat is most unwholesome and
unprofiiab.e for the eater, however convenient
it may be for the cook. It robs it of its juices
and hardens its texture. The extreme heat of
the fat not oulv burns the outjr layers of the
meat, so as to injure their value for nutritive
purposes, but also changes the chemical con-
ditions of the fatty acids, giving ri*e to pro-
ducts which ob.-truct the breathing and causes
tingling of the eyes and nose of the cook, and
which are more or less harmful to tbe eater.
The peculiar flavor of the meat is in a great
measure lost by frying, and for it is substitu-
ted tbe flavor of ttae fat in which it is cooked.
This fat permeates the fibers of the meat iu
such a way as to render them less soluble in
tbe watt ry fluids of tbe mouth and stomach,
and thus causes difficult digestion.
It is to be feared that our cooks have a fatal
facility in the use of tbe 4ying pan. It is the
rudest mode of preparing meat, and so inferior
to every other in its result, that we may rea-
sonably hope that the improvement in this re-
spect will continue. Bruiting on a gridiron
over a quick fire costs a little more time and
trouble, and very likely fuel also; but by this
process the juices of the meat are sealed up,
to a certain extent, instead of being evarpora-
ted, and the nutritive value thereby much in-
ceased. The superiority both of flavor and
digestibility which broiled meat possesses are
perfectly well known. The general substitu-
tion of t e gridiron for the fr,\ing-pan in the
hasty cooking of meats, would be most advan-
tageous to hedth. — Herald of Health.
Apples in Imitation of Ginger.
To three pounds of very hard apples take
two pounds of loaf sugar, and a quarter of a
pound of best white ginger. Put these in lay-
ers (having first sliced the apples in eight
pieces and cored them) alternately in a wide-
mouthed jar. Next day infuse an ounce of
white ginger, well bruised, in about a pint of
boiling water; let it stand till the next day.
Then put in the apples tbat have been two days
in the ginger. Simmer slowly until the apples
look clear. Take great care not to break the
pieces.
The following is another recipe, which we
find in the London Garden'. For 4 lbs. of ap-
ples take 4: lbs. of sugar, 1 quart of water,
and 2 oz. of best essence of ginger. First pare
the fruit, cutting out every paiticle of core;
then shape it to resemble the small kind of pre-
served ginger. Boil the sugar and water nearly
twenty-five minutes, until it is a nice syrup,
then put iu the apples; be sure not to Btir them
much; add tbe estence of ginger (if 2 oz. be not
sufficient, add more). It will tike nearly an
hour to boil, until it becomes yellow and trans-
parent. There will be some pieces that will
not clear; put them by themselves, as they will
spoil the look of the rest. It will require
skimming.
Preparing Potatoes fob Food. — First, in
whatever manner they are cooked, it should be
done rapidly— roasted, boiled or fried. No-
thing is bo soon spoiled by slow cookfng as the
potato, and should be removed from the fire
and placed upon the table when done. Pota-
toes tbat are mashed or baked on a dish, are
perhaps an exception. The potato may be
boiled, mashed and passed through a seive,
and dried upon dishes, and put away for sea-
soning stews, Boups or hash, and are nearly as
good as when fresh, for such dishes.
224
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[Apr* 3, 1875
^^qiK-NT^E^Ups^
W. B. EWER.....' Senior Edttoe.
DEWEY & CO., X*ul>lisliers.
A, T. DBWE1, OKO. H. HTBOHQ
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Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco,
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BUB8CRIPTI0NB payable in advance — For one year, $4;
six months, $2.26; three months, $1.25. Bemittances
by Kefjiatered letters or P. O. orders at onr risfe
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Per line 26 .80 $i.Ui . $5.00
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Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special of
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appeorin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
inserted at special rates.
Sample Oopieb. — Occassionally we send copies of this
paper to persons whom we believe weald be benefitted
by snbscribiDgforit, or willing to astist us in extend-
ing its circulation. We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
«■£ ,, , . . . , , , —
San Francisco:
Saturday Morning, April 3, 1875-
i STABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL NEWS.—
Improvement in Screw Propellors; Hydraulic Mining
in California— No. 19; The Tenth Industrial Exhibi*
tion, 217. The University Collection of Minerals;
Land Plaster or Gypsum as a Fertilizer; Notices of
Recent Patents, 224. A New Milling Machine; Sew-
ing Machines, 225. Gila Silver Mining Company;
Patents and Inventions; Bailroad Items; General
News Items, and other Items of News, 228.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Loftu 's Improved Screw Pro-
peller, 217- Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom,
222. The Tanite Company's Improved Milling Ma-
chine 225
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Fall of a Meteoric
Stone — A Large Fragment Secreted — Its Structure,
Eto.; To Show the Path of an Electric Discharge;
The Agassiz Museum; The Earth— Its Heat and Con-
traction; Structure of Coal; The Lower and the
Higher Life, 219-
MECHANICAL PROGRESS. —Bearings; New
and Improved Printing PresB; Important Discovery;
Toughened Glass; Alleged Improvement in Shot
Guns; Canal Steambots; Tungsten Steel, J219.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Thursday's sales
at the San Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assess-
ments; Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock
Market for the Week, 220.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, Oregon and Arizona, 220-21.
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 222.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— How Malt is Made;
How to Use a Grindstone; Blackening Sheet Zinc;
Big Guns; Beef Steak Electricity; Cremation; To Crys-
tabze Flowers; Meat and "Wine; To do Away with
Matches; How to Prevent Benzine Stains on Clothing;
Composition of Wool Grease, 223.
GOOD HEALTH. -toicbina; The Tooth Ache; Doc-
tore; For Diphtheria; Avoid Marblt-top TableB;
Disinfectant and Mouth* Wash; To Cure Hoarseness;
How to Become Fleshy; Inverted Toe-nails, 223.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Fish as Food; Fried
Meats; Apples in Imitation of Ginger; Preparing Po-
tatoes for Focd, 223.
MISCELLANEOUS. — Owyhee Mines; A True
Story of the Black Hills Excitement; Tuolumne
County Mines: Mining Decision; Marking infr for
Linen; Carpentry, Joining, Etc.; Curiosities of Weld-
ing, 218.
Says the Gold HiU News: " Many of the emi-
grants from the East, who intended coming to
the land of the bonanza, are wisely concluding
to continue their journey to California, for the
present, at least. On last Sunday thirteen car
loads of them passed Reno, en route for Sacra-
mento. Some of them stated that advice from
their friends already here and unable to obtain
employment, has caused them to change their
point of destination.
J. A. Bell has discovered in the San Fer-
nando mountains, about 28 miles from Los
Angeles, a large vein of sulphur, being 15 feet
wide and almost the pure article. In the imme-
diate vicinity he found a vein of coal that
would average about five feet in width. The
coal is what is known as black slate, and is
very hard.
Anotheb steamer is to be placed on the
Feather river, to ply between Marysville and
San Francisco. The keel will be laid at the
intersection of the Yuba and Feather rivers.
The lumber will be brought from the northern
ooast, and the machinery will be made at the
Marysville foundry. The steamboat will be
owntd by a citizen of Marysville.
The Lewis District, which is situated about
sixteen miles souihwest of Battle Mountain, is
attracting considerable attention,, and accounts
from thera are exceedingly favorable. A lot ol
rock from this ledge rtoently worked at Wiune-
mucca, yielded $2,500 to the ton.
Out near the Tacoma coal fields has been
fouud an immense quantity of granite, said to
be as fine as any in the world for building pur-
poses. Also marble of first-class.
Over 150 claims have been entered on vaii-
ous ledgeBin Josephine county, since the excite-
ment over the I onanza discovery there.
A bab of bu'lion valued at $6,676 was sent
down to this city a few days ago from the Viitue
mine, Baker county.
The miners from all the districts in Utah re-
port vast amounts of ore ready for shipment as
soon as the roads will permit.
The University Collection of Minerals.
"We are pleased to .Btate that the extensive
collection of ores and minerals at the State
University, is to be properly arranged and
classified. TheBegents of the University have
appointed Mr. H. G. Hanks to a position simi-
lar to that of the Keeper of Mineralogy at
the British Museum, and he will immediately
enter upon his duties.
The collection at the University is very large
and a valuable one, but in its present disordered
state is of no use to the students. The collec-
tion comprises that of the State Geologcial
Survey, the Voy, the Pioche, and the Hanks
collections, besides a large number of miscel-
laneous material donated by individuals. These
will all be merged into one and be properly
identified, classified and labeled. The labels
will be printed and give the name of the dis-
tinct collection, the name of the donor, etc.
It is the intention to draw from every part of
the Pacific coast, material to add to the present
collection, and classify and arrange everything
in proper order. There are to be three distinct
collections. The first will consist of the fines^
specimens of all classes, which will be placed
under plate-glass, properly labeled and ident-
ified, but whioh cannot be handled, although the
specimens can of course be examined through the
glass. The second will also be a complete one,
and will be labeled and placed in drawers, so
as to be accessible to the students for examina-
tion. The third will be for the purposes- of
analysis, exchange, eto.
Mr. Hanks intends giving his whole attention
to classifying and arranging this material, and
will make all exchanges for the University.
He will also make microscopic slides of all the
minerals and rocks. He proposes not only to
collect minerals and rocks, but all sorts of
metallurgical products. People who have any-
thing of interest in these lines will do a great
favor to the University and the State, if they
will forward such specimens as they can, giving
details they think proper to make public. All
these articles will be placed in the museum and
the fullest credit given to the donor. Articles
of this character addressed to the University
Museum, Department of Mineralogy, will be
forwarded free by Wells, Fargo & Co. If dup-
licate specimens are sent, so much the better,
Mr. Hanks says that when time admits and
it is considered essential, careful examinations
or analysis of substances will be made and the
result torwarded to the donor. For instance,
a mineral water, a salt, borax, or peculiar soils,
which are interesting, will be analyzed or oth-
erwise examined. In making a salt or soda,
sulphate of copper, or any manufactured ar-
ticle, if it is essential to know the character of
ihe special mineral used, Mr. Hanks will ac-
knowledge receipt of the article and give all
the information in his power. In such cases
as it is considered essential an analysis will be
made free of charge. The advanced students
will also make experiments with material of
this character, the results of which will be for-
warded to the donor. They det-ire to procure
all metallurgical products of whatever character,
such as samples of bullion, slag, tailings, wash-
ings of sluices, etc. Samples of earth from dif-
ferent hydraulic mines are solicited, as well as
specimens of ore, eto., from all mines on the
coast, with such information concerning it as
the donors are willing to impart.
The collection of the State Geological Sur-
vey, now at the University, is very extensive,
but has never been properly arranged. The
Hanks collection, recently purchased by James
Keene, and presented to the University, is all
properly labeled and classified. The Voy and
Fioche collections are both in pretty good or-
der. All of these merged into one, with the
additions made in the next few years, will
make a collection larger than any in the United
States. It is to be hoped that the mining com-
munity will bear in mind the fact that the
University will be thankful for donations, and
that the collection will at all times be open to
the public.
The Begents have made a wise choice in se-
lecting Mr. Hanks to fill this position. He is a
skillful chemist and assayer, and is as expert
in determining' ores or minerals at sight as any
man in California, He has had great experi-
ence in collecting and identifying this class of
material, having made several fine collections
for himself and for other parties. He has leen
cuiator of Mineralogy at the California Acad-
emy of Sciences for some yearB. With him
this work will be-a labor of love, and no one
could take more interest or pride in making the
collection so varied in its charaoter and coirect
in its classification. Mr, Hanks has made a
special study of the microscopic determination
of minerals, a branch of science which will in
a few years assume great prominence. He has
now a fine assortment of objects of this charac-
ter, mounted for microscopic examination, and
will take pains to collect and prepare a large
number of slides for the University.
The tunnel when has been commenoed by
the Virginia and Gold Hill water company, to
connect ihe head of their flume wicn Mariette
lake, will be 2,900 feet in length, passing
thtough the main mountain ridge between
Hobait creek and Lake Tahoe.
Land Plaster or Gypsum as a Fertilizer.
The manorial value of land plaster— sulphate
of lime — has long been known and acknowl-
edged. As long ago as when Benjamin Frank-
lin lived and employed his peculiar but moat
effective modes of presenting great and im-
portant truths to his countrymen, land piaster
was employed as a dressing upon the land of
our most advanced and intelligent farmers.
That great philosopher once adopted the fol-
lowing oharaoteristic method of teaching the
value of this important mineral as an aid to
growing crops: He selected a large grass field
by the side of a public highway near Philadel-
phia, which rose gradually from the read to
the rear of the field, and staked out upon its
surface the forms of certain letters; within
these forms he sowed freely his favorite fer-
tilizer. As the season wore away the grass
thus prepared soon shot np far ahead of the
surrounding herbage which was not so treated,
nntil it finally stood out in such bold relief of
luxuriant green that no paBser-by could fail to
observe the phenomena, which explained itself
in the magicwords — Land Plaster. This was
a practical- test of the value of the fertilizer,
which fairly spoke for itself in words which
could be neither ignored nor disputed.
The philosophy of this fertilizer — exactly
how it acts upon vegetation — is not fnlly under-
stood or agreed upon by agricultural writers
It is well known, however, that it has a great
affinity for ammonia, one of the most fertiliz-
ing agents known. It is this quality which
gives its great value as a disiniectant about
stables, where ammoniacal gas is so abundant.
A slight sprinkling of gypsum on a compost
heap arrests the escaping gases at once, and
the unpleasant volatile ammonia is lost to the
sense of smell. As fast as the ammonia passes
from the mass it is taken up by the sulphuric
acid contained in the gypsum and in combina-
tion therewith forms a sulphate of ammonia
which, when placed in contact with the root-
lets of vegetation,' in a not over moist soil,
readily gives up its ammonia as food for the
plant.
Hence it is reasonably supposed that when
spread upon land, without a prior contact with
the compost heap, it collects ammonia from the
atmosphere and conveyB it to the plant in the
same manner as already described. Others
suppose that when applied directly to the
land it possesses the power of condensing
moisture during the cool hours of the night,
and imparting its nightly accumulations to the
soil or plant roots during the day. Whether
one or both, or neither of these propositions
are true, there can be no mistake about its
great value as a fertilizer to every species of
vege tation — whether grass , grain, vines or
trees. The experiment of Franklin has been
ti ied time and again in nearly all parts of the
country, and almost always with the most grat-
ifying success.
The conditions of its use are simply a not
over moist soil. In oorn or roots it may be
dropped in the hill; but the usual way of ap-
plying it is to sow it broadcast upon the sur-
face—for wheat, as soon after it is up as it be-
gins to show the need of moisture; the same
with grass. For trees and vines it should be
spread freely upon the ground. It need not
be harrowed in when so spread under any cir-
cumstances. We have little doubt but that
this fertilizer would prove of great benefit to
the dry, arid soils of California. We under
stand that some of our farmers are already ex-
perimenting with it, and we trust some of them
will send us the results of their experiments
as soon as results are reached.
In the best agricultural districts of the East
gypsum has become a staple article among
farmers. They use it as the most reliable
remedy in cases of drouth. A slight dressing
of this, applied to corn in the early stages of
its growth — about the time of its first cultiva-
tion— produces marked results. It is benefi-
cial to all crops in nearly all conditions, espe-
cially in case of drouth; and it is this point
which we would like particularly to impress
upon the minds of the farmers of California,
wnere drouth is the paramount agricultural
difficulty. This fertilizer may be obtained of
Lucas, Gesner & Co.:, of this city. See their
advertisement in its appropriate place.
Foua lumbermen have discovered, located
and worked a quartz gold mine on the Fresno
river, oppos.te to a place called Indian Peak.
They have worked abunt thirteen tons of ore,
cleaning up nearly $5,000. The parties have
been offered and refused $40,000 for their dis-
covery.
* Advices from San Bernardino state that the
loDg lost Gunsight ledge has been found. It
was first discovered on the edge of Death val-
ley by a party of immigrants in 1849. It was
alwajs reported very rich, and specimens of
the ore received confirm all that has been said.
Mb. Tolles is putting in on Gold canon, be-
low Silver City, a revolving sluice for extract-
ing the silver sulphurets from tailings. By the
action of the water passing through the sluic a,
the blankets are washed every fitteen minutes.
The Newport mining company of C003 Bay
is buying a tugboat for its own use.
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the Pacific Coast patents recently ob-
tained through Dewey & Co.'s Scientific Pbess
American and Foreign Patent Agency, the fol-
owing are worthy of mention:
Eyeleting Machine.— John Coombe, San
Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal. This patent
provides an eyeleting machine, which will
punch the hole for the eyelet, and also fasten
the eyelet in the hole after it is punched, by
meanB of a single plunger, and without shifting
the article in which the eyelet is to be fastened
after it is once fixed for punching, To do this
properly the inventor provides the machine
with a clamp or holder, in which the article to
be eyeleted is held while the eyelet hole is be-
ing punched and white the eyelet itself is being
inserted and fastened. A sliding die, which its
operated by a lever, haB a hole for the punoh to
pass through in making the eyelet hole, and
also a short standard upon which the eyelet is
set previous to punching the hole. The ar-
rangement of the hole and eyelet standard is
such that by operating the slide both can be
brought under the plunger as required.
Impboved FAucET.^William C. Bussey, San
Francisco. The applicant for this patent
claims to provide a faucet for drawing liquids
from casks, etc., without the employment of
either a rotating plug or 6pigot. Into a hollow
tube which is driven into the cask is secured
a short plug through which a hole is made
communicating with a hole in the stem of the
tube and through which the liquid parses.
Over one end of the plug; is slipped an India
rubber tube which is squeezed together by a
clamp consisting of two jaws just below the
end of the tube, thus regulating the
flow of the liquid. A spring fits around the
end of the stem and a screw extending through
both jaws of the clamp close and regulate the
tube by compression.
Cab Coupling.— Thomas J. Hubbell, Yount-
ville, Napa county. The many terrible aoci-
dents which have occurred to brakemen and
others engaged in coupling cars has rendered I
any invention which would do away with risk of f
maiming or killing men engaged in this busi-
ness as among the most valuable to be imagined.
The inventor claims to have invented a perfect .
self coupler and uucoupler. The operation of I
coupling as described, goes far to prove that I
the claim of the inventor is a just one. It is •
automatic in its operation, and by means of a i
lever worked from the platform, the catB can i
be uncoupled and separated without danger to
life and limb.
Adjustable Device foe Bbake Babs.— fiobt; .
J. Knapp, Half Moon Bay, San Mateo Co.,
Cal. This invention relates to an improvement
on wagon-brakes, and consists of a method of
adjusting the brake-bar by which the distance
lost by the wear of the brake-shoes, can be
readily taken up. Brake shoes, of course, be-
come very worn in time, and as the short arms *
of the operating levers have a slight move-
ment, as compared with its long arms, it will
be seen that where the block becomes worn the i
bars will drop too far. To remedy this defect
this brake-bar was invented.
Tike Upsetteb. — Quentin Cincinnatus Tebbs,
Windsor, Sonoma county. The object of
this invention is to provide an improved man-
ner of upsetting metal bands and tires for the
purpose of shrinking or reducing their diam-
eter. The machine is operated by a leverage
power which can be increased to any required
degree.
At the Savage mine the two new hoisting
engines to take the place of the old incline
engine are in place, and will be ready to start
up in a few days. These engines are each of
200-horse power, and will work the mine to the
depth of 40'iu feet with the most perfect ease.
The new wire rope for the incline has arrived,
and is being placed on the big drum ready for
use. This drum is of the same pattern as that
used by the Crown Point Company, is three feet
longer, and is tapering from one end to the
other, so as to wind the rope with greater ease
than the old style. The rope is two inches in
diameter, and weighs over 25,000 pounds, the
last 1500 feet gradually tapering to 1% inches
in diameter.
The Battle Mountain Measure for Measure of
the 20th, leports a new mining discovery by J.
L. Higgins and E. Bickett, four miles south-
west ot Battle M luntain. Assays of the ore
run from $111 to $300 the ton in silver.
Cheyenne is endeavoring to get up a Black
Hills gold excitement in opposition to Sioux
City. Old miners and trappers in TJtib, who
have been in the Black Hills, pronounce the
discovery of gold there a great humbug.
The yield of gold from placers and quarlr in
Montaua for 1874 is placed at $2,360,170, di-
vided as follows: Placers, $1,851,007; quartz,
$496,170.
Since January 1st, San Francisco has re-
ceived over 6 600 flasks cf quicksi.ver from the
various producing districts of California.
'-•'-:
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i;;April 3, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
225
A New Milling Machine.
The Tanite company of Stroudsburg, Pa.( ex-
libited at the last Fair of the American Insti-
ute in New York, a new machine in which an
imery wheel is used, for the first time, for sur-
acioR files and sad irons, finishing anvils, nuts,
[lbs, keys, slide valves, straps, slides, cross -
leads, and in short, for accomplishing the ma-
onty of work now surfaced on the ordinary
iltner, milling machine, or shaper. It will be
emembered that the emery wheel made by the
,bove-Dumed corporation is of the solid type,
aid a brief review of the advantages claimed for
t may appropriately precede the mechanical de-
scription of the large, fine engraving herewith
resented, of the machine above referred to.
sad iroD, which is shown seoured in the chuck
on the table, G. In addition to performing
this labor, the gearing, immediately driven by
pulleys, C, also routes the vertical shaft, H,
which in tarn transmits power to the cones on
its right. These again (through the medium of
a belt, other cones, and further suitable inter-
posing mechanism) revolve a vertical rod, 1,
the lower end of which is fitted with a globe
joint. Its upper extremity carries a pinion.
which, by nuans of the handle, at J, may be
thrown into action with one or the other of two
rnoks under the table, 0, so that the Litter, by
manipulating tbe handle as requir'd, maybe
caused to travel automatically to and fro under
the emery wheel, and over such distances as
the dimensions of the work make necessary.
The hand wheel, at K, allows of similar move-
ment to bo imparted to the table by hand, in
circumstanced where the automatic motion is
not desired.
ing the employment of the diamond tool un-
necessary. The cut made is much deeper than
has hitherto been considered possible to ac-
complish by the emery grinder. The manu-
facturers aUo claim that in those articles iu
which first quality iron is used, on account of its
being more easily worked, the use of their wheel
will soon save enough valuable metal to pay
for a maohine. From a careful examination of
the apparatus, these advantages appear to us to
be well substantiated.
These machines are manufactured by the
Tanite Company, and are sold on this coast
only by H. P. Gregory, li and 16 Fiist street,
San Frmcisco.
Sewing Machines.
It is the general impression that through the
refusal of Congress to extend certain sewing
ing maobines. The cheap machines are now
sold at a price as low as the makers can afford
to sell them, and the first-lass machines are
not going to reduce their prions on account of
the refusal of Congress to extend the patent
mentioned.
The first-class machines are manufactured by
companies which have large establishments,
fitted up at immense expense, with all the nec-
essary machinery to turn out machines at the
lowest possible price. To successfully compete
with these companies, it would be necessary to
expend very heavy sums for purchasing ma-
chinery; and even then tbe wealthy companies
own the larger number of patents (or improve-
ments, andean make them cheaper than those
who have to pay for the use of these. This, of
course, would in a great measure prevent
others from competing with the richer com-
panies.
It is a combination of paten' ed improvements
THE TANITE COMPANY'S IMPKOVED MILLING MACHINE.
THe solid emery wheel performs the office of
a rotary file, the cutting edges of which never
grow dull. It is hard and travels steadily at a
high speed, the latter exceeding, with safety
that of the grindstone, while the emery cuts
faster and lasts longer than the sand. BeiDg
composed of an artificial mixture, its grit is
more even than that of the natural substance.
Finally, the solid wheels are successfully used
for putting the cutting edges on tools of all de-
scriptions, and they may be produced of any
shape, fitted for any special wotk.
The clearness of our illustration gives an ex-
cellent idea of the details of the machine. The
driving belt acts upon the pulley, A, secured to
shaft, if. The latter at its lelt hand extremity
carries another belt, leading to a counter shaft
attached to the floor (represented detached,
and lying on the rightof the machine), whence
a third belt returns to the pulleys, C, and a
fourth to the blower shaft, D. Through suita-
ble mechanism, the pulhya, C, actua'e the slot-
ted crosshead, E, the revolution of which com-
municates, by the rod. F, reciprocating motion
to the main shaft, B, imparting to the emery
wheel, represented on the right hand extremity
of said shaft, a transverse movement across the
The mode of operation consists in adjusting
the work in the chuck to the proper elevation
and starting the machine. The surface of the
sad iron, for example, is thus carried under
the wheel, and at the same time the latter is
drawn across it; and this continues until the mo-
tion of the table transports the object out of the
action of the grinder. The workman then gives
the handwheel, shown at i, a part of a turn,
thereby moving a fine screw which passes
through an arm on the table, thus slightly
elevating the latter, so as to give new surface
for the tool to take upon. The handle, J, be-
ing shifted, the work travels back under the
wheel, and so the operation is repeated aa
often as is desired, or else a new article is sub-
stituted after one passage under the emery. To
avoid injury to tools and workmen, a small
suction blower, with the necessary pipes and an
enlarged receptacle in rear of the wheel, is
provided, and so arranged as to draw away all
dust, while at the same lime to be easily re-
moved for setting the work. For keys and
similar small articles, a different chuck (see
sample in the foreground of the engraving) is
needed.
The machine, it is claimed, allows of using
the wheel to its full capacity, while protecting
the same against uneven wearing, thus render-
machine patents, we will have cheaper sewing
machines hereafter.' Many persons think also
that the large companies, like the Wheeler &
Wilson, Grover & Baker, Weed, Florence, etc ,
will have to reduce their prices from fifty to
seventy-five per cent., on account of competi-
tion. Now this is a mistake, for first-class
sewiDg machines will probably be no cheaper
for some time to come. The reasons for this
are simple, though not generally understood.
In the first place the patent which Congress
refused to extend was for the four-motion feed,
which is only one of a large number of patents
under which the various machines are manu-
factured. Still, this feed is used by all of them.
The refusal to extend this patent will permit
other machines to use the four-feed motion
without having to pay royalty, but all the first-
class maeLines are protected by a large number
of other patents; while the ordinary low-
prictd machines have been compelled hereto-
fore to u-e the common ft-ed or pay the royalty
to the owners of the patent, they can now use
the improved feed free, but we do not see how
it is going to break the price of first-class sew- i
which make the first-class machine, not one
patent. The wealthy companies have made it
a point to buy up all the good patents them-
selves, and they keep patenting every improve-
ment of any impprtance. This enables them to
keep the bast machines in their hands. As
these machines are improved from time to
time, in several cases the whole machine has
been changed for the better as new patents
were added. Any one can now make a sewing
machine of old-fashioned character, using pat-
ents which have run out, but they do not
manufacture a first-class machine such as most
people want when they buy. Any agent will
say tbat a simple change will have the effect of
selling thousands of machines, so the inferior
machines have little chance against those which
have all the latest patented improvements.
Timber is being buried in the Consolidated
Virginia mine at the rate of 6,000,000 feet per
annum, and in all the other mines in like pro-
portion. The Comstook lode may well be said
to be the tomb of the forests of the Sierra's.
The Eberhardt mill at White Pine willshortly
start up again.
226
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 3, 187s
Wn directory.
GiLna a. ueit.
JAMC8 M. BAVKK.
G-RAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
Id Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. K. corner Call
*'ornia an*1 LeldesdorfT streets,
SAW VRAWnTsnA
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street.
. W. corner Sacramento.
nqivl i inatruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL FEISTS.
Sold by alt Dealera throughoutthe World.
m. BAKTLIhG.
HKNRV KIMBALL.
BARTLLN& & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDEBS,
Paper Bulera and Blank Book Manufacturers.
505 Clay street, (southwest cor. Sansorac).
Bvl2-*m SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. E.
Refers to Dewey ft Co., Patent Agents ; Judge 8.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
banking.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Selig-xnan & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
Ban Francisco Office No. 412 California street ;,
Authorized Capital~Stock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid in, $1,600,000.
Remainder subject to call.
DlBECTOBB IN London— Hon. Hugh McOulloch, Reuben
D. Sasaoon, William F. Scholfleld, Isaac Seligman, Julius
Sing ton.
Managers:
F. F. LOW and ISXATZ 8TEL\HART,
San Fbaroisoo.
The Bank is now prepared to open accounts, receive de-
posits, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and issue
Letters of Oredit available thionghout the world, and to
loan money on proper securities. 2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAM FRANCISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOGO President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
R. N. VAN BRONX. Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street San Francisco.
Kountse Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate cf Four per cent, upor
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
bullion, and make Gash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society.
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tf G. MAHE, Director.
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
and Sulphuric Acid Manufacturers.
For sale or to lease, the LEVIATHAN COPPER
MINE, In Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallio copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 16 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations realized $30,-
000 for Bluestone. In sight, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons 15 per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Cost of
extraction, $\ There is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, of
pure sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantage-
ous terms will be offered. For further particulars
apply to Louis Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpln
county, Oal.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a Urge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel.-Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc-
WM. McCRLNDLE, Manager, 22 &24 Fremont St., S. F
infi-m*
ieoli$ notice?.
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
No. 41 Seoond street, - - - Sacramento
ACCUMULATED FUND, NEARLY
#i,sso,ooo.oo.
$100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with the Cali-
fornia State Department as security for
Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND STANFORD Presiden
J. H. CARROLii Vice-President
JOS. CRACKBON , Secretary
All Policies issued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, are exempt from execution by the laws of Cal-
fornia. THE ONLY STATE IN THE UNION that pro-
vidrn for this exemption.
•^Policies issued by thiB Company are nonforfeita-
ble, and all profits are divided among the insured.
Policies may be made payable in Gold or Currency,
as the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive Committee :'
Leland Stanford, J. H. Carroll,
Robt. Hamilton, Samuel Lavenson,
Jab. Caeolan.
SCHREIBEE, & HOWELL,
H-29-eow-bp-3m General Agents, Sacramento.
IRON PIPE,
Pipe Fittings & Brass Goods,
AT BOTTOM PRICES.
JAMES L. BARKER,
406 & 408 Market street, S- F.
METAL
Commission Merchant.
B^" Orders by mall will receive prompt attention
mrl3-eow-bp
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydrauli c Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Havi.'g the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OE
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IKON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
130 Bealc Street,
"We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from Ne. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
ble Bed Spring in use. It is adapted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in thiB State to
make the celebrated Obermanu Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man oan make his own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & SLLSBT,
14v28 -eo^-bn-fm 147 New Montgomery St., B.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
10 to 60 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS, GAMES jB Mfe^ Black
HOUDANS. ■"aafle&W < CAYUGA DUCKS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to batch afier arrival od
any part of the (Joaai. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address
SI. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw thiB advertiement.]
^ZMZZMZOlsTiJ^ I
For Washing and Cleaning- Purposes.
Fox* Sale by all Grocers.
This article is universally used in Europe, and, recenty
introduced for general family nee in San Francisco and
neighborhood, is already in great demand. If h »iow the
intention of the manufacturers To introduce it all ever the
Pacific Or aet, at prices which will bring it within the reach
of every household.
It is unequalled for cleansing Wo^en Fabr1cs, Cutler'*,
Harped or (Jrockery; for Scrubbing Floors, Washing Paint,
Removing Grease Spots. Shampooing or Rathing.
It renders water "oft, and imparts a deli^htlul sense of
coolness after washing.
DIRECTIONS.-For Laundry, use two to four table-
spoooi>fuls to a wash'ub of water. For bathing, use one
tablespoon ful in the bath tub. For removing grease spots,
apply with a brush, undiluted, and w ish with water after-
wan. For stimnlat'ng the growth of plants, ubo a few
drone tn every pint of water used in watering.
PRIOE.-Per Pint Bottle, 25 cents; per qnart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents; per Hall Gallo'i. 7i ce <zb
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for chemioal pur-
pose, fertilizing, and the pr*pHrHtion of artificial manures
AMMONIACAL PKEPARATION. for the p-eventfon and
-emo>aloi boiler Real*. CRUDE A MM iNIA, for general
manafactunns. and PUR LIQUOR and AQUA. AMMO-
NIA for chemical and pharmacentioal purposes.
■"®- Manufactured by the
SAN FRANCISCO GAS-LICrHT CO.
eowbp
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in UBe; construction
not excelled. Attention, diBpatch, satisfaction. Cost
lessfthan elsewhere.
WELLS. RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-Hm-sa
NTMKOD BAULSm.
RICHARD O. HANSON.
EioHtVKD G. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
IMPOBTER8 OF ALL KINDS OF
Patent Bashings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL, FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRES3ED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum Vitee for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
ear Market,
SAN FBANCISCO
oz.
Geo.M.Grant&Co.
PHILADELPHIA.
u These Candles are made of pure Stearic Acid, twice
hydraulic pressed, are unadulterated with any crude
material, and upon burning, give a large and brilliant
flame without running. 13v9-2ambp
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY COTTON DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 46-inch Wide Duci; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
onnce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
808 and 310 DAVIS STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find the work valuable far beyond
its cost Published by Dewey & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press.
Price, post paid, $1.
Averill Chemical Paint,
MANUFAOTUBED BY THE
Cal. Chemical Paint Co-i
PURE WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form", READY FOBl
APPLICATION— requiring no thinner or dryer, und witt
not spoil by standing any length of time.
It is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces a mure Beautiful Finish than the best of am
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and will'
last twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, state whether for Outside or In-i
side use, as we mauufxeture an Inside White (Flat) for
inside use, which will not turn yellow, aud produce*
a finish superior to any other White known.
Put up in Jtfj Jfi, 1,2 and 5 gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price List, or apply to the office.
OFFICE and DEPOT: FACTORY:
117 Pine Street, near Front. Cor. 4th & Townsend Sts.
3v9-eow-bp-ly
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
rV&fgAP.ONACeoUS. fSL
i
101
m
SEND FOR
CIRCULARS
I CONTAINING
L°'RECT10NS
Vfor its use.
ItJegS
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It also kill.-, Th-kh,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep.
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One g-illon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one huudred sheep,
so that the coBt of dipping is a mere trifle, and Bheep'
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im.
proved health of their flocks.
Ths Dip is guaranteed to cure when uBed according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Currosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobaco, and other remedies which/
have heretofore b(en used by farmers.
Circulars Bent, post paid, upon appMcation, giving
fu 1 directions for its use, also certificates of promii eut
sheep growera who have used large quantities of the I
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective am reliablei
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindredi
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
T
i:j
II
For Diseases of the Throat and Lungs, such:
as Coughs, Colds, Whooping- Cough, Bron-i lIE
chitis, Asthma and Consumption.
The. few compositions,]
which have won the conft-i
dence of mankind and be-
come household words,
among fiot ody one, bnb
many nations, must have'
extraordinary virtues. Pew
haps no one ever securedjot
wide a reputation, or main.
tained it bo long, as ayeb's
Cherry Pectoual It hasi
been known to the publiol
about torty years, by a long!
c ntinm-d Berles of marvel-i
lous cures, fnat hitve wont
for it a confidence in itBVlr-
tues, never equalled bv any other medicine. It still
makes tho most effectual cureB of Coughs, Coldn, Con-t
sumption, that ran be- made by medical r-ltill. Indeed1
the Cherry Pectoral has really robbed these d sneer.
oub diseases of their terrors, to a great extent, and giveni
a feeling of immunity from their fatal effects, that in
well founded, if the remedy be taken in season. Every
family Bhould have it in their closet for the remedy and
prompt relief of ite members. - Sickness, suffering and
evon life is saved by this timely protection. The pru-
dent should not neglect it, and the wise will not. Keep fti:
it by yon for the protection it affords by its timely use ffij
in sudden attacks.
prepared by
DR. J. C. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
Sold by all Druggists and dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, Wholesle Agents,
V29-Iy SAN FRANC BCO, OAL.
ERNEST L. RANS0ME,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer,'
10 Bush Street, San Francisco,
Office Hours 1 to 2 Daily.
1 one of ynur grindstones fnr some time, and
; I ever had." F J. Currey,
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2% and 1 cent per pound ac-
cording to quality. In ordering state for what pur-
pose the Btone is needed
"I have used
it is the beat.
November -JO, 1874. Prop. S. F. Boiler Works.
EMERY STONES. VA^ES AND FOUNTAINS, GRAVE-
STONES AND OE ME TERY WORK. STONE DRESS-
INGS GENERALLY, NATURAL STONE hard-
ened and preserved, SILICATE OK SODA for
Soap Matters and Laundrymen, &c.
PORTLAND CEMENT for Sale in Lots to Suit.
Send ior Price-List. eow-bp
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to'the
highest stute of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous -M
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v26-tf
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
227
Bscllio JkLetaJhinery Depot.
H. P. GREGORY,
14 .m. I lc Kim.t., S. F.
. .rent for Pacific Tom t for J. A. Fay & Oo's W< ud-
arkinc Haeliinitry, Blaicn'a Pa«iir Sreain Pomps,
T»»»ito Co » Emery Wheel* and Machiiu-rv. Fitch-
burit Machine Co'a Machl it«i'» Tela. Edaon'a
Biooraioc Steam Osage, Triompn Fire Ex-
lini!Ui«ber. Al-o o-> hand and for Sale:
rtOTant. Bl wen and Eilmuat I''..nn, John A. Rcoli-
hn ' a Sons' Wire R..19, Pnro Oak Tanned Le.nher
B-ltinK P<Tin'a Frenah Band Saw Walk's,
Planer Ki'ive*. Nathan A Droyfo* Glass
Oiler*, and Mill and MininR Supplies
of all kind*, 1'. 0. r,px HiS.
/IACHINISTS' TOOLS,
EXTBA HEAVT AST> IMPROVED PaTTEBKS,
tJTNAM MACHINE CO.,
MANUFACTOHEB.
PLANERS, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DODBLE NOT TAPPINQ
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY,
ddress
PARrLE 6k LACY,
310 California Street. S. F
WIN HARRINGTON & SON,
kuufacturerB of ENGINE LATHES, 48 Inches 8wiDg
W smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
ue for jobbing aad borinp Car WheelB; UPRIGHT
RILLS, 36 Inches and Bmaller, and other Machinists'
Lola.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
M. HAWKINS. T. G. CANTRELL
PACIFIC MACHINERY- BEPOT
HPGJElEiGJORV:
»w S 0 L£ A GS N,T •f'6-R T H'E- • 'C
'' ^HEELsv'
4 8,16 FIRST:ST:, .-JS.AN f.RANCiSCO
PACIFIC.MACH'V Df POT
GUARAIMTEE-D PURE OAK TANNED
LEATHER
hrohegorSt
14 &IG,FiR=ST;.-:ST.; ,SAN;,ERANCI8C0:
1NQINES.
ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
!as decided merit.!. It-; Beauty, Compactness,
irength. Durability, Ecosjoanr in Fuel, Ease in Hand-
ng, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
is Price readily concludes the Sale.
B7"Call and see it or send for Circulars.
■ MKBELEBft CO., Agts.,306|Cal. St., S.I?
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH. 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San FiusfCisoo, November 10th, I8T4.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally;
We take pleasure In stating th»t owing to thi- rapid
Increase in our orders, our Pit 1 shun; Mi.iuifa< tiirertt
have been compelled to add laigely to tbvir works—
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— anil are
iLiiM enabled to reducu tin- OOBt of • fieri aud at tlie
wtine time produce Shoe* and 1'iks BUpi-rior to any yrt
manufactured. Wo have coiir-equr-utly reduced tln>
I'M-, to 16 cents iji r pound and idUdl atrial order,
tiiui ran teeing that YOU will find them at leat>t 10 per
I c-nt- cheaper than the bent iron. There are no Stkkl
j Shoes and Diks made excepting under our pati-nt and
, I told at thie office, or by oar authorized agent*, tlioucb
) certain la- Urn tuanufacturera advertise Stkkl Sb<i] |
and Pies which are only cast Iron hardened by tho
addition of a eompMtthffi, They will not out-wear two
BOtsof>oomiBOB Iron, though, called Btasl. They arc
very brittle uud are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the ha miner like cast iron. Our
mmi. Ebiosa ani> Diks are In u-eln many of the larauat
mill* on th« Pacific Coast, and all who bavy tried them
pronounoe tbein cheaper *ud far superior to iron Id
every rfhpfect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Tbeir advantages over iron are cheapness on t.rnt
cunt, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chain-
ing aud In setting tupi-tin, imrca eJ value of amalgam
by absence of Iron dust and clappings, and a Having of
75 percent. Id freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
y from the manufactory Bast. Fricu 16 cents per
- ■ - — — pound shipped ut San Frauolsco, TerniB liberal.
Address all orders, with 'dimensions, to
lv29*3m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Boom 1, Academy
Buildine, S. F.
PACIFIC MACHINERY' DEPOT
H P GREGORY
SOLE AGENT,
FITCHBURG MACHINE C°'s
MACHINISTS^
14 &I& FIRST. 3T- SAN - FRAN Cisco
gteam topps.
PARKE & LACY,
310 California street. can Francisco
ADAPTEDTO EVERY SITUATION
H. P. UREUOBY,
Sole Agent for the Pacific Coast, 14 and 16 FirBt,etreet,
SanFrancisco, Oal.^BSStfea* '^iri-* . — -- b
f/lipipg fflachipery.
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
For Roasting, Desulphurizing. Chloridizing
and Oxidizing- Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold, Silver, Lead and other oreB, saving a larger per-
centage, at less cost, than any other invention now in
us«. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in less
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. Tbe Furnace is so constructed
that one man, of ordinary ability, tends five or more
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
Stopping or startina at will; charging and discharging
■with ease. Also, Patent -'Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasted ores, heating the water for
amalgamation and the boilers at the same time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed to the pois-
onous chlorine. gases. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln," for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
ores for dry pulverizina. For description refer to
Mining and Sojentifio Pbebs, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulars address
D. B. MIDLER & CO., "
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, fcc, will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description see Minting and Scientifio Peesb,
March 6, 1875. ■
For Cleaning' Quioksilver Before Using it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of, the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1.500 lha. Han an iron
frame, fire" teel arms with stumps weighing 17 lbs. each.
"hiub alrike 2.0' 0 blows per miriiiie, 111 a mortar provided
with 9crems on Imih sides, and crushes fine 600 Iba. per
hour, requiring one-horse power 10 drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, :md is guaranteed to givo go.jd satis-
faction. PRICE, $000.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf
815 California street, San Franc}sco,
Metallurgy apd Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTEHS OF AND DEALEBS IK
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington utreet, SAN FBANOISOO
We would call the special attention of Ass&yers
OhemlBts, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
froapectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies line*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast
»" Our Oold and Silver TableB, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays In Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26-tf JOHN TAYLOR & 00.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
Theuc Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be Rpared
to have them constructed in tbe most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required rtpairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them 1b sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam direotly
Into the pulp, or with Bteam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver
The curved plates again draw It to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it 1b constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
tng surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and tbe metal amal-
gamated.
Setters made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly In con.
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setters
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franeiso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Franolsoo.
Ores worked by any proceBs.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, eto.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
B. HTJHN,
C. A. LTJCKHABDT,
Mminp Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODG-ERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MJEBCHANTN,
ADVANCES MAUJB
Ob all kind, of Ore., and particular acieullAs
PAID TO
COHBIONMEA'TS OF HUOJ1,
ivlfl-Stn
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENRY G. HANKS
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-Btaire. TERMS MODERAT E
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, S. F.)
Assayer and IMetalliir^icii'
CHEMIST,
No. Oil Commercial Street,
(Opposite the D. 8. Branch Mint
San Fbanoiboo Oal, 7v21-3m
W. BREDEMEYER,
31I1NI1NG,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAI. STJKVEYOR.
;SaIf Lake, TJ. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Minns.
The Concen'ration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am | repared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of fhaflB. P. O. Box 1167.
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., importers of
Stoves and Metals. Tinners' Qoada, Tools and Machines;
111 and 11- California, St., 17 and 19 liavis St., San Fran-
oiBoo, and 176 J St., Sacramento. crr.-iy
s^>'^;.,
228
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[April 3, 18751
Gila Silver Mining Company.
Editobs Peess:— This mine has done remark-
ably well since date of last writing,' and it is
now looking better than at any time since its
incorporation, with every prospect of improve-
ment largely exhibited wherever opened.
There is now a vein defined in outline and
accnrate in formation, with the distinctive fea-
tures that are strongly indicative of permanence
aDd character. The south drift on the main
incline is now in on its course about 25 feet,
through ore of an excellent quality. The vein
is about two fret thick, between walls which
are well formed, smooth and clean, and descend-
ing at about an angle of 6(P, the hanging wall
exhibiting the same formation as before, but
the foot wall shows quartz, lime and quartzite,
at alternate distances with talc, manganese,
iron, and other minerals that are well-known
companions of silver ores, found in greater
abundance than formerly. The vein at the
farthest end of this drift was beginning to
expand, and I have no doubt that when a few
feet more southward it will open out consid-
erably. The ore found here continues rich as
formerly. Drifting is continued to the right
hand parallel with the main tunnel, and a con-
siderable qnautity of high grade ore extracted.
The stratum is now about three feet thick, and
is descending and leading obliquely across the
main tunnel, at a poirjt about midway between
the mail} winzeand the end of the tunnel, thus
showing its connection with the lode, as does
all of the ore on this lead. The inside winze
Bunk at the furthest end of the main tunnel,
where the ore body opened out and gave signs
of gong down, has attained an incline depth
of about 30 feet, all the ore of a very high
grade ($867), susceptible of being easily re-
duced.
The vein is fully six feet thiek between walls
at the bottom and in t e best formed portion of
it which has been t'ius fir uncovered. Hero are
found every characteristic of a true fissure vein,
wi'h walls smooth find perfect, and the ore rnn-
ning in a Folid vertical strata, as deposited
by nature, thus considerably proving the fis-
sure theoiy. and establishing the fact that the
ore coming from the d^p one is not a new sur-
face deposit as might, have been supposed.
Th* ore is chiefly chloride of silver and
qu.trlz highly min.niliztd and e sity worked.
The connection from this pi int to the drift ex-
tending from the out r winz* will be made by
Wednesday, which will greatly facilittite opera-
tions, by giving plenty of pnieair aud passage
way f- r powder, smoke, etc. Work was com-
menced on the outside tunnel on the 9th of
March with three 8-h<mr shifts, and is steadily
progressing, showing excellent ore indications,
inside the outer rim of the potphyry formation,
oxide of iron and other ferruginous matter im-
p egnating the sides and face of tunnel. A
c xiple of pieces taken for ass*y test are highly
mineralized, and will show well in the precious
metal. We'll seed re.-ult as soon as completed.
A substantial blacksmith &>hnp has been built
within the past week, for picks, drills, and
other matters. A boardng house has also
been set in motion, giving the men a ohance to
procure good board at $9 per week; five Indians
also are employed as orting ore as extracted
from the mine aud one packing water from the
spring down at th e town for the useofmenin
the mine in which there are twenty-five at
work. The contract for hauling the ore from
nvne to mid has been let.
The mill is now ready and has been since the
10th, and had steam up to test machinery
which is found in proper working condition.
Wood contracts have also been let, and already
about 40 cords at the mill, and probably 100
cords cut, which will be brought in during the
ensuing week.
A few assays have been made, showing 3 per
cent, of lead, some iron and copper, but not
enough of any of them to interfere with milling.
The mill is expected to be in motion on the
17th without fail. J. D. P.
Reveille, March 13, 1875.
California Railroad Items.
A large meeting of the responsible citizens
of San Buenaventura aud representatives from
Santa Barbara w.is held on the 29th ult. at San
Buenaventura, to take the initiatory steps to
secure the building of a broad-gauge railroad
through Saiti Clara valley from San Buena-
ventura, to connect wilh the Southern Pacific
near Lyon's i-tation. The citizens pledge them-
selves to do all in their power to accomplish
the desired end. Parties who are simply able
to build and equip the road have said that if
the people along the line would do their duty
they would conutct us by rail with San Fran-
cisco hii-ide uf two years. A committee has
written to the parties pledging the hearty sup-
port cf the people. Tbc following named gen-
tlemen constitute the committee appointed: E.
A. Edwards, T. Wallace More, L C. McKeeby,
L. D. Chillnon, M. H. Gav, N. W. Blanchard
and T. R. Baird.
The new railroad from Vaeaville to Winters
is progressing rapidly. Grading is completed
for half tbe distance, and by means of a new
machine which has just come down from Sac-
ramento, the work has been going forward at
the rate of a mile per day. The machine is
worked by ten horses, and looks something
like a header. By the term of the contract
with farmers, the railroad must be completed
and cars running on the 19th of September, or
$30,000 of subsidies will be forfeited. The
country through which the road takes its way
is very level, and there will be no heavy cuts
or fills. Sweeney creek will have to be bridged
two or three times and P Utah once. The for-
mer creek is small, but the latter Will require
a longer bridge than it does where crossed by
the California Pacific, near Davisville.
The Santa Clara Echo says that it is rumored
that a movement is on foot for the construction
of a narrow gauge railroad from San Jose' or
Santa Clara to Santa Cruz. The route suggest-
ed is by either the Santa Cruz or Stevens'
creek passes, either of which is very practic-
able. Rumor also has it that an effort will be
made to have the road constructed by the way
of Menlo Park; but the route that way would
not be so favorable. The building of tbis road
would be a good thing for Santa Clara county.
The Surveyors of the new Sonoma and Marin
railroad commenced work in San Rafael on
Tuesday. Subscriptions to the enterprise now
amount to $15,000 per mile, and it is to be
pushed forward rapidly to completion. Mr.
Wickersham, the President, has informed par-
ties that he had purchased a short road leading
towards San Rafael from Fetaluma, and would
put the remainder of the route nnder contract
at an early day.
The managers of the narrow gauge railroad
connecting Salinas valley with the ocean at
Monterey, distant 18 mile?, have resumed op-
erations, after a suspension of several months,
caused by the washing away of tbe trestle-work
piling across the Salinas river. They have now
two Baldwin locomotives on the road, weighing
twenty-three and twenty-one tons respectively.
A natural grade has been found for a rail-
road on an air line between Colusa and Chico,
without a bridge or filling, and it is said that
the road will be built in time to carry the fall
crop.
General News Items.
The great topic of the week has been James
Lick's revocation of his deed of trust pertain-
ing to his immense estate, valued at above
$4,000,000, on public enterprises familiar to
all Cahfornians. He has, having unexpectedly
regained his health, changed his mind, and de-
sires to obtniu control of his property. Tbe
trustees appointed by him to superintend tbe
disposition of the estate under the trust refut-e
to resign. How the case will teiminate is
doubtful. The lawyers, of course, expect a
"fat thing" and if i goes into the courts their
expectations will be rtalized-
W. F. Stobey, editor of the Chicago Times,
was sentenced to ten days imprisonment by
Judge Williams, of the County Court, for con-
structive contempt. A writ of supersedeas*,
however, released him after a few hours incar-
ceration.
Plackd in a prominent position in the new
Congregational church at "Woodland, is a card
with this inscription: "Use no tobacco in this
church." Attendants at that church are ex-
pected to eschew evil.
Eminent lawyers are of the opinion that if
the late decisions of United States judgeB and
United States commissioners on the new Civil
Rights bill, be sustained on appeal, that with
the exception of the jury clause there will be
nothing left of it.
A shooting affray occurred on Los Alamos
Rancho, about fifteen miles from Guadalupe
last Sunday, which resulted in one man being
killed and one badly wounded.
Thebe was a fire at Benicia, Tuesday morn-
ing, burning the house of William Melrose and
destroying the lives of three boarders —
Wm. Pinnerty and two men named Shea and
Hanson.
Five hundred trees have been planted in the
Court-house square, Woodland, — 90 acacia,
90 eucalyptus, 100 pine, 100 Cyprus and 20
poplar. They are doing well.
Thebe is trouble again on the Mexican bor-
der. An additional cavalry force has been or-
dered to the Rio Grande with orders to arrest
all marauders.
Vice-P resident Wilson has admitted to an
interviewer that he was a candidate for the
presidency.
The orthographic mania has reached San
Francisco They had a spell of it at Bethany
church, Tuesday evening.
Rqmob states that a fine prospect of coal has
been discovered within three and a half miles
of town.
Six hundred immigrants arrived by. the over-
laud train Wednesday.
Toby Rosenthal's great painting "Elaine" is
on exhibition in this city.
The MaripoBa folks are jubilant over a
weekly mail.
General Spinner, treasurer of the United
States, has resigned.
Good Friday was generally observed by bus-
iness men in the East.
Inoendiaeism is prevalent in Marysville.
Woodward's Gardens embraces an Aquarlani, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, TropicaHHouaeB,
Menagerie, Beal Ponds and S&ating Rink.
Industrial Items.
The Pacific Mail steamship company and
Union and Central Pacific roads combination
have agreed on a new through freight tariff,
which went into effect on the 5th in8t. The
rates per 100 pounds are: First class, $6; sec-
ond class, $5; third class, $4; fourih class, S3;
class A, $2.50; class B, $2; class G, $1.75;
class D, £1 50. The steamship rates are as
follows: First class, $4.50; second class, $3.60;
third class, $2.50; fourth class, $2.25; clas; A,
$2; class B, $1.75; class C, 1.50, class D,
$1.30.
The Central Pacific railroad company have
decided to construct a rail oad from Gait, in
Sacramento county, to lone city, in Amador
county. The engineers have been instructed
to take the field at once, and the orders are to
have the road in operation within one hundred
days from this dale.
The Reno 'vNev.) Journal is talking of the
Truckee river as a water power, and asserts
that it is peculiarly adapted for the manufac-
ture of paper, on account of the purity of water
and freedom from mineral impregnation.
Operations have been oommenced at the
upper end of the North Anaheim canal, Los
Angeles county, and the workmen are scattered
over three mile* of ground, pushing the work
forward with all rapidity.
The surveyors for the new Sonoma and
Marin. railroad commenced work. in San Rafael
on Tuesday. Subscriptions to the enerpriso
now amount to $15,000 per mile, and it is 10 be
pushed rapidly forward to completion.
An organization has just been formed in
Santa Clara county, under the name of the
" Hay. Growers Co-operative Union of Califor-
nia," which has for its object the producing,
buying and selling of hay.
At a meeting of citizens of San D.e^p on last'
Saturday evening, it was resolved to organize
a joint stock company for the purpose of boring
artesian wells throughout the county.
A new steamer line to Pugpt Sound ports
was inaugurated this week by tbe departure of
the Los Angeles, which will call at Victoria with
mails and passengers, up and down.
California tobacco has taken old Virginia by
surprise. A sample was generally commended
in the Exchange at Riohmond, and $16 was
refused for one hundred pounds of it.
Gilboy claims to have furnished 2,500,000
f^et of tbe 10,000,000 feet of lumber which was
consumed in this country last year.
Castboville want* a btet sugary. The
Atyus Btijs tbe land* in lhat vicinity cannot be
surpassed fur beet growing.
The population of Sin Bernard no county
has increased over 500 during the past sis
months
P. G. "WiGiNGToN is planting forest trees on
his ranch on Owen's croek, Merced county.
Bbicks are scarce in Bakersfield.
The Mining & Scientific Press.
Started In 1860, Is one of the oldest weekly journals now
published In San Francisco. It has been conducted
by its present proprietors lor ten years, during which
period it has been repeatedly enlarged and constantly
improved. The active and steadfast efforts of ltB pub*
Ushers have gained for its conduct an amount of practi-
cal experience greater than any other puolisners have
accumulated on this coast, of a weekly journal.
The sum paid by us for the best editorial talent ob-
tainable for our special class journal; for engravings,
for interesting news and correspondence, and for print*
log a large-sized, handsome sheet, is unequalled by that
of any other American weekly west of the Mississippi.
As a Practical Mining Journal it has no rival on
this Continent.
It is the only Mechanical, and the only Scienthto
journal of the Pacific StateB.
Miners, AsBayers, Millman, and Metallurgist in the
United States should take it.
Pacific Coast Mechanics, Engineers, Inventors, Maun-
facturere, Professional Men, and Progressive and
Industrial Students should patronize its columns of
fresh and valuable information.
Mining Engineers, Superintendents, Metallurgists, Mine
Owners and Mine "Workers throughout the world
should profit by its illustrations and descriptions
of New Machinery, Processes, Discoveries and
Record of Mining Events.
Intelligent thinkers throughout the land, in high or
humble situation, who would avoid literary trash
for genuine information, should SUBSCRIBE AT
ONCE.
DEWEY & CO.,
No. 224 Sansome street, 8. F
Patents & Inventions,
A Weekly List of 0. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Bepobtb fob the Mining and Sgien.
tific Press, DEWEY k GO., Publishers and
U. 8. and Fobeion Patent Agents.]
By Speoial Dispatch. Dated Washington,
D. G., March 30, 1875.
Fob Week Ending March 16, 1875.
Clamp Apparatus for Connecting Strekt
Cars, Etc., with Endless Traveling Devi-
ces.— William Eppelsheimer, S. F., Cal.
Process of Obtaining Boraoio Acid from Bo-
bate of Lime. — Ferdinand Formnals, S. F.t
Cal.
Combined Parasol and Whip. — John Perrins,
S. F., Cal.
Chafing Iron fob VEmcLES.-^-Gilbert Smith,
S. F.( Cal.
Windmill.— Albert H. Sonthwick, S. F., Cal.
Re -Issue.
Pantaloons, etc. — Jacob W. Davis, Reno, Nev.
—*The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after thedate of issue.
Note. — Copies of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and In the shortest possible time.
The building of a tailings flame from the
Consolidated "Virginia mill to the Carson river
is contemplated. The flume would be eight or
ten miles in length. A'ter all has been taken
oat of the ore that can be got out by means of
pans, settlers, agitators aud blanket sluicing,
the tailings stilt asany $8 to $10 per ton.
There are several counties in Idaho which
comprise more space than many of the Eastern
and Southern States.
The Cloverdale mine has made its .first ship
ment — twenty flaskR— rf qnioksilver.
Jubtioe at Last. — The publio were far in advance
of the medical profession in recognizing Hale'b Hones
of HoREHOtTND and Tab as a specific for consumption,
coughs and colds ; but at last the Faculty are doing
justice to the great autaRoniwt and conqueror of Pul-
monary Diseases. The country druggists generally re-
port that the local physicians are preecr bing it in
preference to all the old pulmonics, and that the re-
sult is an immense increase in the percentage of cures.
Pike's Tooth- Ache Deops— Cure In one minute.
From an Inventor.
The following letter, which waB recently re-
ceived from an old client of Dewey & Co., now
residing in one of the Eastern States, speaks <
for itself:
Gentlemen: It was through your house that I se-
cured my first patent, and although I have since done
business here in the Atlantic States with the ablest pat-
ent solicitors— eenttemen who have done me j ustice— yet
I have often regretted that you were too far off to ad-
vise with me in my cases. It has taken a longer timet
with every patent I have taken out since I left Call,
fornfa and came East, than in the cases yoti prepared'
for mo In San Francisco, which is certainly very credi-
table to you.
Hy the WJ*y, one of my patents has passed the ordeal
whioh is the essential test of a patent's value. I mean
that of a trial hi the courts, and it stood the battling -
of one of the best lawjftrs in the couotry. The sped-
flcations and claims were completely made out and>;
tbere was a perfect comprehension of its principle dur-
ing the trial. Since giving it tbis test we tnought thati
we would make it even stronger, if possible, and sub-i
nut tcii it to one of tbe best patent solicitors for advice. .
After a careful examination of the cafe he advised us
to let it alone as it stood, Baying that whoever made upi)
those papers understood their buslnr-ss. I then iu-
foriued him that they were drawn up by Dewey & Co.,t
of San Francisco, and he replied that lie knew you«,
very well by reputation. Very truly yours,
L. L. Sawtbb. ■
Meridan, Conn., Mav 16, 1874.
ing
Designing
and
Engraving
at
This Office.
We are prepared to do fine Wood Engravt
for illustrating Landscape Scenery, Buildings,
Machinery, Works of Art, Manufactured Articles,
Trade Marks, Seals, Etc. We have a first-classi
Machine for Engraving
A portion of the work, which can be finished
thereby more perfectly than by the eye and hand'
alone. Our patrons can depend upon first-class
work always, and at reasonable prices. Samples
can be seen at our office.
DEWEY & CO.
SECOND EDITION— REVISED AND ENLARGED.
The Explorers', Miners' and
Metallurgists' Companion,
Comprising a Practical Exposition of the Vi-
rions Departments of Exploration,
Mining, Engineering, Assaying,
and Metallurgy.
Containing1 672 Pages and 83" Engravings
BY J. S. PHILLIPS, M. E.,
Ot California, a Practical Operator for Thirtj-fonr
Years ; Explorer, and Resident in the Pacific States
and Territories for t lie past Eight Years.
PKICE, bound in cloth, $10.50; in leather, $11. For-
warded by mail for fiOo'. extra, at the Mining akb
Bciestdho Pbess Office, by
DEWEY & CO.
Our Agents.
Oub Friends can 'do much In aid of our paper and ifa<
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents In their labors of canvassing, by lending then
influence and encouraging favors. We intend to sane
none but worthy men.
J. L. Tharp — San Francisco,
B. W. Cbowell — California.
A. O. Champion — Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties*
D. J. James — Australian Colonies.
J. 0. Ewing — Contra Costa County.
John Rostran— Sonoma County.
W. C. Qoinby, Enstern and Western States.
B. E. Lloyd— Nevada and Placer Counties.
B. Goodwin -California.
A. O. Knox, Southern California.
G. W. McGhew, Santa Clara county.
L. P. McOakty, California.
H. D. Morgan, Santa Cruz County.
i
i
,pril 3, 1875-]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
229
METALS.
[WIIOLBBALX.)
Wedvudit ■., March] , 1876.
American rig Ir„n.*l«> - -■<* « 00
Stolen Pig lroo,H K>D 41 00 _. 4« UO
win. p.«. * to. -- 2.5W
Oregon p"s.* too ..... ® «w
fUfiued ll*r. bad a*»ortm«at. *i * Iff — **t
Uflu.d Bar, good a»»orlin.Dt, * w W — 4
Boiler. So. I U> 4 »- J>
>Uto, No. * to 9 W— »**
»h«.t. No. loto U W— >^
ih.ot.jlo. 14 to *> -- g-.'H
4h~t. !lo. 84 to 17 -Of) » — 09
aor..8ha.«,p.rk.« 7*1 «0 9 ot>
•i.il Bod - I* S--
Vorwaylron — 9 @
[tolled Iron - 6 V — -
Jtn.r Iran* for Hl«*k»milb«. Minora, otc. » — 41,
*££*..:. -Jl »-*>
JopuerTlod —49 » — —
l.Nlel'.Pat -M) •}--
Ihutbiog.V » »— «
Ibo.thloi. Yellow 9 - i\
bulbing. Old Y.llow g - 1*1
Empo.itiooN.il. —14 @
mpositioo BolU — 24 (ttt
w Plates. —
Itui. Charcoal. IX » box 13 90 a 19 1 0
latoa ICCharcoal 13 00 fa) 14 .VI
looBna- Plato. 12 »> 8 IS 00
" laTlo. Blab..?l«. - a<i - 33
IB.— KnilLh Oa.t. » » -20 9 - 29
aodtraoo A Woo.1.* American Cast, m — IfiS
Mil 9- 1«H
l-UlHar -18 0-22
•low Hu.l - 9l»- 10
wo. 60 — 11
Sine. She.t — * - U1*
LIU— A«orud >lu> 4 25 g 8 00
icaarLTEit. nor ft @ 8 »
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
HAW*.
.Stand Wbt..
•Vllf- k Oo'B...
H.md Sawed...
.U«-,
.IX to
achine iloJhi'i.
" 23X40.
" MxtO.
'• 83116.
Sticks ■■»"■■•
" *s
" 'nB
. 1876.
&1 fisn
I d li lu-tn ....
rnol Si.okt>.41b4...
Llo^ «■*.
kand. f. tinmen ..
■iDff.e fleam do..
tan Hans
kr.ey tin.,'-- MxJ9.
d.> 23jrt0.
da 84x40. .
LtBa-tS. 2(x40.... 14 -ails
do 2Hx36.. . 16 (atl7
c.n'\KU 000 1>«.
lsst'dFie Fruits
n ."■• lb cans. 2 CO ") '-' 75
Ho Table do.. 3 80 <9 4 25
Ema* Jellies 3 -". @ 4 IMj
Ickiee H «'•. - tfs 2s
trdines,qrr.oxl 80 @ 1 90
[do bf bnxea.3 20 @)
COAI Jobbing,.
natralian.fUoolO 50 -.-I.' 50
bos Bay @10 0*J
Ellinghom Bay. S 8 60
battle ©lOftO
(umberl'd. cks. . @19 IW
f do bulk. ..16 00 ifl,!7 50
It. Diablo 6 25 '5« W
thigh »H 00
iverpool 10 50 all 50
/est Hartley .... —
botch
pranton — —
ancoiiver'rj Ial..ll 00
(narcoal.'^sk.... 75 GO —
oke. ^bbl — @ 60
COFFEE.
atulwli h Island — @ 22
antral A meric'n 18 ® 19
otta Kica per lb 19 20
oaleraula 20 @ 22
Wednesday, m.. March
do t'osael
Palm lb 9
Linseed, raw.. , 95
do boiled 1 00 31 10
Ohloaout in OS- — It} 95
Sperm. crude — — in) I 40
do bleached. 1 90 iaV. 25
Ooaat WhaleB... 4t.S'9 M
Polar, roflucd.... — (a) 60
Lard 1 30 @1 35
■ v>i.l, refined Pet 40 @ —
■ in.. [>■ inn —Ml 28
Devoe'sBril't... 27>*;a 31
l.nntr Inland — <ai 25
Kureka 20 (2) 27
Dovoe's Petro'tn 31 ig :; ,
Karrel keroxeoe
l")l | 7,
1 50
14 00
ll'J 0f>
ilJ 50
Hi 50
flownor Keroee'e UT'-taJ 40
Uaa Lfebt Oil.... 23 ■<..-, 25
PAnvrs.
Pure White Lead !"■ .■ ■■- 1 1 ',
Whiting — at i
Patiy « <a 5^
Chalk - (3 2><
Pane White 29kjlt5 —
Oohre 3 it 5
Venetian Red... HV* 5
lied Lead 10 (o) II
Litharno 10 -a 11
Eng. Vermillton — @2 2-5
KICK.
china No. 1, * lb t. 'i in 7
do 2. do. ti'.i-i, f;' ■
Japan 6 :<i .
Siam Cleaned... 7 (Si —
Patna 6-S'2i 7
Hawaiian 8 |3 8),
"larolina 10 tg) 10.^
SALT.
Oal. Bav.per ion 10 00@l3 00
do Common. . 5 00(5)10 Hi)
Carmen Island. .13 00" U 00
Liverpool fine. ..23 00,a)24 00
coarse20 00(g)
SOAP.
Castile ^ ft. 10
Common brands.. '
Fancy do ..7
SPICKS.
Cloves 50
Cassia 26
Citron 33
Nutmeg. 1 20
Whole Pepper.
LEATHER.
[WHOL1SAJU.)
Wudkudat «tn iUrch Jl , 1675.
Ollr Tanned Leather, V ft 26tf29
>auta Urui L««tber, V lb 26(3)2!>
Uoontry Leather. * lb Matt
Stockton L«athar,> h 'OHfrfr
Jodot.9 Kil., perdoz »SO OO4 M Of
Jodot. 11 to f3 Kil..p«Tdot WWdD-IStHi
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz Si OO.iW en
Jodot, aeuond uOoiuo. 11 to In kil. f. dOS. 57 0UA> 74 >U
Oornellian. 12 to 16 Ko 57 OWq) 67 I-1
Uornvlliao Females, 12 to 13 - K3 W0 K7 l >'
Coniell'an F -males. 14 to- 1A Kil.. 71 '-JriJ 76 SB
Simon Ullmo Female*. 12 t<> 13, Kil 61) W)i KJ VO
Simon L'limo Femaiea, 14 to 15, Kil .0 0u<v 72 '0
Simon Ullmo FenuUs. I* to 17. Kil 73 00 *> 76 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,* do* 61 "»■.<* tJ H
Simon. 20 Kil. *t do* £5 00-^ B7 m-
Simon. 24 Kil. V doi 72 OOuj) 74 '«i
Robert Ualf, 7 and » Kil 35 UOut) 4f 'K>
rreoob Kips, > ft. 1 uoa 1 15
OaliroruiaKip.-fldox 40 UOCmi ** "0
FrvoobShi'..p. all colors, fl dor 8 OUtg, 15 IK-
Kaatem CalMor Backs,iH fit 1 OOS 125
Sneep Roans for Topping, all colors, V dot 9 04X<$ 13 00
Sbeep Roans lor Lioiuitb.V doz 5 50$ 10 M>
California Ruaaoit Sheep Lioinga 175(d) 4 50
Best Jodot Calf Boot Legs, 'fi pair 5 00a 5 25
C.ood Frouch ','ivlf lk.01 LcKB. H pair 4 00(0) 4 71-
French Calf Boot Letts. >i pair 4 00$
Harness Leather, >. fb S-Kuj 37 S
Fair Bridle Leather » dox 48 004 72 00
Skirting Leather. W * 334J 37H
Welt Leather, t* dos 30 00a 50 00
Huff Leather, * foot 17(d)
Wax Side Luther. V foot 17(0
The Large Circulation of the Min-
ino and SciENTiric Pre^h extentls throcghuu
the mining dislriots of California. Nevada
Utah, Colorado, Arizona. Idaho, Montitna.
British Columbia and to other parts of North
and Sonth America. Established in I860, it
has long been the leading Mining Journal of
the Continent. Its varied and reliable con-
tents giving it a character popular with both
its reading and advertising patrons.
KWaVDia ANn Scientific Press.— Unquestionably the
beet mining paper In America for those liiti-r ■uttd in
gold or Bllver, placer or quartz lululng, 1h the Mining
>-.vd KcntsTHfic PitEss, publiflhfd by Di-wty it Co., Salt
Francisco; terms $1 (gold coin) per annum. It is <l—
voted especially tu mining affairs, has an able corpB of
editors and correspond eutu, publishes all iuipnrtaut
legislation relating to mining matters, investlgat' s and
produces with illustratlona the new machinery and
processes of mining and reducing, and kindred sub-
jects, and gives full account of operations In the Pacltle
States and Territories. There Is scarcely anytblug
published in It but what 1- of i tereat to miners, and
local papers ran reproduce bat little of this matter,
and that without Illustrations.— jVew North WaL
avu - a 26J^
lanilla 20 a. 21
round incs.... — & 27
bicory 9 ® 10
'fto.Dry Cod, new 4^a -5
lOOBflS 6 a •}■
1 do boneless.... H's'cy 10
.astern Cod 7>ig; 8
ialmonin bbls..9 Oo :<z,-9 50
I do S hhls-l 5ij -5 5 50
do 2JfiIb cans — ©2 80
; do 21b cans. .2 50 fe.2 60
jdO lib oans.l 5U (ail 75
bo Col. K. '-b. ...'■ 00 (tub 50
,'iok. Cod. bbls.22 mi w -
[ do '- bblsllOO iv —
los .Sm'k,dEIer'c40 @ .50
Haok1,No.l,^bla» 00 ®ll 00
1 " Extra.... — @12 Oo
I" in kits. ...2 00 @2 50
" Ex mess. .3 00 @3 50
I ** Ex mfls3.}*.b9— S»13 00
flo'd Herr'g.bx.. 3 00 (51 3 50
I HABDWABE.
Amriskeag handled Axes
|16lgil7,do unhandled do $13
914— less 50c in 5 case lota.
1 Amonkeag Hntchets Shin
■rling. No 1, $7.25; No. 2. $8
Wo. 3, $8.25. T>o do. Claw
rjo.l.ftT.75; No. 2.8.50; No. 3
$9.25-1698 10 per cent.
\ Locks. Tale Look Mf'g Co.,
llHcotiut 'iV , per cent, from
ist.
[Planes, Ohio Tool Co., dis-
count 30 percent, from list.
1 Am. Tack Co's Cut Tacks
"2lv pi.-r CLMiL djscount and 5
per cent, extra. Finishing
(ad Olont Nails Vi off Hat;
H fine NailB $7.25 per keg.
Ihio Butt (Jo's Loose Joint
Butts 50 per cent, and 5 per
pent ex ra;do doE ast,r35 per
'joni off list. .
. Machine Bolts._20®35 off.
Square Nuts. 2513c off list.
* Hexo«on Nu^.1 2@3o off list.
1 Wrought Iron Washers.
G@3o off list.
Lag Screws, 15 per cent off
Hat.
NAIIX
lABBorted size. lb. 5 37}f.@7 W
OILS.
iPaciflo Olue Co
NeatF'tNo. 1. — @ 90
Pure — W -
Castor Oil, No.).. — ©ISO
do do No. 2.. 1 J.'i.J.il 40
Oocoanot — 9 75
Olive Plagniol.. @ —
Pimento.
Qr'nd Allspprdz
do Oa-iBta do ..
do Gloves do..
do MuBtard do
do Ginger do..
do Pepper do..
Jo Mace do.. .
SUGAR,
Cal. Cube per R...
Partz' Pro. Cube
bblorlOOlbbxs
do in 50 lb bxti..
do in 2ft lb bxs.
Circle A crushed
Powdered.......
Fine crushed. ..
Oranulated
Oolden O — 'a, hi
Hawaiian 8 (al 10^
California Beet, lo ', a. nj,
Oal. Syrupin Is. — @ 67H
In % bis. — @ 70
In kegs.. — 0) 75
Hawaiian Molas-
26 @ 30
TJEA.
Uolong.Canton.lb 19
do Amoy . .. 28
do Formosa 40
[m peri a I.Canton 26
do Pingsuey 45
do Moyune.. 60
Qunpo'der.Oant. 30
do Pingsuey 60
do Moyune. 66
V'ng Hy., Canton 28
io Pingsuey 40
do Moyune.. 66 (u
Japan, % cheats,
bulk
Japan, lacquered
bis, I 'p and .i lbs
Japan do, J Lb bxB
do pl'nbx,4Hlb
do Si lib paper 30 ® bb
TO JB ACJC' O— J o b b I n g.
BrigluXavys.... 50 @ «0
Dark do .... 50 @ 56
Dwa.f Twist.... 6(1 (5 76
Liight Pressed... 70 @ 80
Hard do .. 50 fcu (H)
Conn. Wrap'r...
Penn. Wrapper.
Ohio do
Virgi'aSmok'g.. <j (to
Fine otohe'g,gr..e 50 @9
Fine out chew-
ing, buo'ts.^i ft... 75 @
Banner fine cut.. 9 00® 9 90
Eureka Cala — (d)9 '25
TDKPEMTINE. 00
Eastern.
30 @ 75
35
35 @ 40
20 @ 45
15- tai 20
O^EWEY &> CO,,
American & Foreign Patent Agents,
The best, speediest, and surest method for you
to obtain patents, tile caveats, or transact
any other important business with the Patent
Office at Washington, or with foreign coun-
tries, is through the agency of DEWEY, at
CO., PUBLISHERS OF THE MINING
AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS, SAN FRAN-
CISCO, an able, responsible, and long-estab-
lished firm, and the principal agents on this
side of the continent. They refer to the thous-
ands of inventors who have patronized them,
and to all prominent business men of the
Pacific Coast, who are more or less familiar
with their reputation as straightforward jour-
nalists and patent solicitors and counsellors.
We not only more readily apprehend the points
and secure much more fully and quickly the
patents for our home inventors, but with the
influence of our carefully read and extensively
circulated journals, we are enabled to illus-
trate the intrinsic merits of good patents, and
secure a due reward to the inventor, besides
serving the public who are more ready to give
a fair trial, and adopt a good thing, upon
the recommendation of honest and intelligent
publishers.
To Obtain a Patent.
A well-constructed model is generally first need
ed, if the invention can well be thus illustrated.
It must not exceed 12 inches in length or
night. When practicable, a smaller model is
even more desirable. Paint or engrave the
name of the article, and the name of the
inventor, and his address upon it.
Send the model (by express or other reliable
conveyance), plainly addressed, to "Dewet
& Co., Mining and Scientific Pkess Office,
San Fbanoisoo." At the same time, send a
full description, embodying all the ideas and
claims of the inventor respecting the im-
provement describing the various parts and
their operations.
Also send $15 currency, amount of first fee of
the Government, The case will be placed on
our regular file, the drawings executed, and
the documents made up, and soon sent to the
inventor for signing.
As soon as signed and returned to us with tht
fees then due us, it will be sent straightway
to the Patent Office at Washngton
For designs no models are necessary. Dupli-
cate.drawings are required, and the specifica-
tions and other papers should be made up
with care and accuracy. In some instances for
design patents two photographs, with the
negative, answer well instead of drawings.
For further information, send a stamp for our
illustrated circular, containing a digest of P*-
teni Laws, 112 illustrated mechanical move-
ments, and Hints and Ii^stboctionb regarding
the eights and pmvtlegeb of inventors and
patentees, which will be furnished post paid.
Also a copy of NEW PATENT LAW of 1870.
When the invention consists of a new article of
manufacture, a medicine, or a new composi-
tion, samples of the separated ingredients,
sufficient to make the experiment (unless
they are of a common and well-known char-
acter), and also of the manufactured articlt
itself, must be furnished, with f ull descriptioE
of the entire preparation.
For Processes, frequently no model or drawings
are necessary. In such case, the applicant
has only to send us an exact description, and
what is desirable to claim.
Address DEWEY «& CO.,
PUBLISHEBS, PATBNT AGENTS AND ENGBAVEaS,.
No. 224 SanBOme Mreet, 8. F
jnipipg and Other Compaiiies.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Principal pace of bu'iuesi, San Francitoo,
Cal. Local I on of works, .\a-hville, h! Dorado county
Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Boiird
of Directo-s, held on the 1st day of April, 1875, an assess-
tnen) of fifty (50) cents per share was levied upon the cap-
ital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in U. *.
gold and Bilver coin, to the secretary at the offlae of the
company. Anj stock opon which this osaeasment shall
remain unpaid on the 3d day of May 1-75. will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, nnd un-
less pavment Is madebe'ore will be Bold on Tuesday, the
18th day of May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with coBts of advertising and expense of <-aIe. .
J. W. TBIPP. Sec'y.
Office, 408 California street, room 16.
Keystone Quartz Mining Company— Prin-
cipal place of bu-ines*. San Fnncuco. California, Lo-
cation of works, Butte Township. Sierra county. Gal.
Notice ib hereby giten. that at a meeting o( the Board of
Direct" s, Held on the 8ih day of March, 1975. an assess-
ment (No. 4) of oo* dollar (,$0 per share was levied upon
the capital itock of the corporation, payable immediately,
in United Stales gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of th - company, northwest corner Pine and Sao ome
ntrtotte, s»n Francisco. California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain no-
paid on the K)th day of April, 1B75, will he delinquent and
advertisid for sale nt public auction, and unless payment
i« made before, will b« sold mi Monday, the loth dny of
May, 1H75, lo pay the delinquent assessment, together wlib
costs of adrertiMng and expense* of *ale
rt- „ , LOlIa VKSARIA. Secretary.
Cfflce. Northwest corner Pine und Sanaome .treets bun
■TMaeuoOwO* iioinia.
Manhattan Marble Company of Califor-
nia. Locution of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, California. Locaii4tn jt works, Oakland, Alauuda
ton ntj, S'ate of I'allforma
Notice ia huribv t-iven that ui a meet'nn of the Direc-
tors, held «-n the SUbdayof March. 187V an assessment
(No 7) of five dollars per share was levied upon thee- pita I
sloik if the corporation, i ayable immediately, in United
Slates gold C4iln, to the Secretary of the c in pan y, at his
office, Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, Sun Francisco, Cali-
fornia.
Any stock unon which this asse^ment aha!) remain un-
puid on lhe30th day of April, IH75. shall be dcunied de-
linquent, and advertised I >r Kale at put.lic auction, nod
unless payment ie made b«f -re, will be told oo Monday
the 17th day of May, 1875. at 12o'coi k M., to pay the delin-
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising and
expenses of sale.
L L ALEXANDER, Seoretarv.
Office, Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California. _^
Orleans Mining Company. — Location of
principal place of business. San Francisco, California.
Location of workB, Grass Valley Township, Nevada
County, California.
Notice is h< rehy given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said corporation, held on the 16th day of
March, 1875, an assessment (No. 3) of one dollar per share
was levied upon the capital stock of said company, paya-
ble immediate)?, in gold coin of the United States of
America, to the Secret iry, at the omce of the company,
room 8, No. 315 California stree',Kan F'anoisco, California.
Any Btock up^n which said assessment shall remain un-
paid on Wednesday, the 21bI day of April. 1875, will be
advertised on that day as delinquent, ani unless pavment
shall he made before, will be sold on Monday, the lOih
dny of May. 1675, to pay the delinquent as8eB<ment, to-
gether with costs of advertising and exnenseaof sale
J. F.NE8MITH. Secretary.
Office— Boom 8, No. 315 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pan v.— Principal place of business, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia. Location of works. Kelsey Mining District, El
Porado County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 17th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 4) of Ten (10) cents per Bhare was levied upoo
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold and silver com, to the Secretary,
at the office of the Company. 531 California street, San
Francisco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on tlie "j'"'t.h day of April, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless
payment iB made before, will be sold on Monday, the
17th day of May 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California street, San Francisco
Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Princi-
pal place of business, San Francisco, State of Califor-
nia. Location of works, Kearaarge Mining District,
Inyo County. California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 17th day of February, 1875, an
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and Bilver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 17th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auotlon. »nd unlesi pavment
is made before, wlU be sold on Thursday, the I7t li day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent ass.-s-ni.-nt, together
with, costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD. 8Bcrelary.
Office— Room 13, No. 318 Ca'ilornla street, ban Francisco
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
■ [Corrected Weekly by Charles Soteo ic Co.]
San Francisco, Thuiisoay, March 25, 1875.
LEOAL TENDEBS in S. F„ 11 A. M., 87J*j to 88j£.
Golp Bar*, ByO. SlLVEB BAB3, 4 and 4)6 per cent dis-
count.
Exchange on N. Y., W per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, 1>6 and £ per cent, discount. *
Currency, 14>£ percent. Oil London— Bankers, 499a. ; Uom-
merclal, 60. Fans, fttranos per dollar.
London— Consols, WW to 9238; Bonds. 90%; Liverpool
Wheat 9s. 3d.; 9s. 7d ;. Club 9s. bd. ;9s.ll
QDICKSU.VEK in 8. ¥.. oy the flask, per lb, 85c
Electric Mining Company, Location of
principal place of business; San Francisco, State of
California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessjeuent levied
on the 16th day of February, 1875, the several amounts
get opposite tbe names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Oertifl
A H PutmBn 531
Alfred Wright 338
Alfred Wright 339
Alfred Wright 340
Alfred Wright 3*1
Alfred Wright 8ft .
Alfred Wright 348
T B Wingard, Trustee. .320
T B Wingard. Trustee. .326
T B Wingard, Trustee.. 347
T B Wingard, Trustee. .358
T B Wingard, Trustee. .359
JB Houghton 352
0 JRader 802
C JRader 324
O JRader 330
CJ Rader 331
C JRader 332
0 Case 286
D B JackBon 285
WWSmyth 271
WWRmyth. 272
AD HToby 258
AD H Toby, 259
AD HToby 275
ADHToby 277
CMUry 248
Henrietta Grant 162
Henrietta Grant 240
Louisa Thompson 161
Louisa Thompson. 239
Jus White 154
Jas White 15 »
Jas White 255
Anna Woods 280
Anna Woods 346
HMShaw 329
HMShaw 344
Alfred Briegs 66
Alfred Briggs 220
G WTerrill 51
John Mullen 361
John Mullen 205
John Mullen, Trustee . .364
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 16th day of February,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
salesrooms of Maurice Dore & Co., No U26 Fine Street,
San Francisco, on the 12th day of April, 1675, at tbe
hour of 12 o'clock m., of saia day, to pay said delin-
quent assessment thereon, together with costs of ad-
vertising and expenses of sale. A. B. PAUL, Sec'y.
Office, No. 318 California street, San Francisco, Gal.,
{Room No. 13.)
Ko. Shares.
Amonnt.
78
$3 90
so
2 60
50
2 50
so
, 2 60
50
2 60
100
5 00
100
5 00
1,000
50 00
100
5 00
2.8J5
141 25
238
11 90
100
5 00
307
19 85
150
7 50
1,060
53 00
300
15 00
100
5 00
1,200
00 00
230
11 50
87
i 35
100
5 00
15
76
100
5 00
15
75
50
2 60
8
40
6,250
312 50
400
20 00
HO
3 00
400
20 00
60
3 00
250
1? 60
250
12 50
75
3 75
650
27 50
600
30 cn
100
5 00
31
1 65
1,331
66 70
200
10 or
500
23 OO
1,000
60 0C
300
15 (Hi
3,760
187 60
Theresa Mill and Mining Company. —
Principal place of business, San Francisco, Sta'e of On 1 -
jfornia. Location of works, Ooulterville District, Mari-
posa County, California.
Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
Direclors, held on the 13th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty cents per share was levied upon tbe
capital stock of the corporation, payable Immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, ui
the office of the Company, Room 16, 408 California stroet,
Sao Francisco, California,
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 14th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the first day of
May. 167ft, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
coslB of advertising and expenses of sale.
B. F. HIOKOX, Secretary.
Office— Room 16, 408 California street, Son Francisco,
California.
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company.—
Location ot principal place of hueinesB, City and
County of Sau Francisco, State of California. Loca-
tion of works, Tuolumne county, State of California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment No. 4 levied
on the 23d day of February. 1875, the several amounts
set opposite tbe names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
John Huh n 1
EVan Santen, Trustee.... 2
E Van Santen, Trustee.. . . 3
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 4
E Van Santen , Trustee. ... 5
EVan Santen, Trustee.... 6
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 7
E Van Santen, Trustee 8
E Van Santen , Trustee 9
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 10
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 14
E Van Santen, Trustee .... 15
E Van Santen, Trustee. ., . 16
E Van Santen, Trustee... . 17
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 18
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 19
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 20
E Van Santen. Trustee.... 21
E Van San tea , Trustee. ... 22
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 28
Csmilo Martin, Trustee... 24
Oamilo Martin, Trutst.ee... 25
Oamilo Martin, Trustee.. . 26
Ant Pehson receiving this paper after giving an
order to atop it, may know that such order has failed
to reach us, or that the paper is continued inadver-
tently, and thoy are earnestly requested to send writ-
ten notice direct to us. We aim to stop the paper
promptly when it is ordered discontinued. tf
Thursday Noon our last formB go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
No Agents are authorized to receive subscriptions for
this paper at less than our advertised rates.
Geobge Wixson. formerly contributor of the Mining
and Soientieio Pbesb, will please address this office.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Prin-
cipal place of business, San Francisco. Location of
works, Lower Rancha.ift. Amndor county, Cal.
Notice la hereby given lhatat a meeting of .he Board of
Direotora, held on the 26th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty-five cents per ..hare was levied upon the
cHpital stock uf the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, 10 ihe Secretary, No.
116 Leidesdorff street. San Frnncisco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 24th day of April, 1875. will be delinquent, and
advertised for Bale at public auotioD, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th day. of
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
cosla of advertising and exoenses of sale. .
W AUG. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office, 116 Leidesdorff street, San Francisco. Oal.
Camtlo Martin, Trustee... 27
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 28
Oamilo Martin. Trustee. . . 29
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 30
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 31
Camilo Martin, Trustee. .. 32
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 33
Sidney Buckingham 42
Sidney Buckingham 43
Sidney Buckingham 44
Sidney Buckingham 45
Sidney Buckingham 46
Sidney Buckingham 47
Sidney Buckingham 48
SDBStewart 52
8 DB Stewart 53
BDR Stewart 54
SDBStewart 56
E Weissig, Trustee 88
Isaac T Mllliken 84
Charles Baum, Trustee. .. 85
WGTAalbertaberg.Trustee 89
George W Clark not issued
E Kindman not Issued
J T Machan not Issued
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 23d day of February,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary, will he sola at public auction at the
the office of tbe company, Boom 14, 302 Montgomery
Btreet, San Francisco, California, on Saturday, the 17th
day of April, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock, M., of
such day, to pay delinquent assessments thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of the
sale.
I. T. MILL1KEN, Secretary.
Office— Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, Ban Fran.
Cisco, California,
25
100
100
100
100
100
103
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
loo
,»oo
100
100
100
100
100
100
600
600
100
100
100
100
100
1,000
1,000
500
500
3,000
100
750
2,900
5,000
750
8,000
5 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 CO
20 00
20 00
211 00
100 00
100 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
200 00
200 00
100 00
100 00
600 00
20 00
150 00
580 00
1,200 00
150 00
600 00
230
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 3, itfi
Iron and fAactiijie hh
San Francisco Boiler Works,
138 and 125 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
i\ I. CUBBY,
Late Foreman 01 the Yulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIBAL BOILER,
SHEET IKON WORK of eyery description done
at the Shortest Notice.
AU Binds of JOBBING- and EEPAXR1NQ promptly
attended to. 17v25-3m
THE RISsDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Cornel of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAN FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam EngineB, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery. Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationa. y ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure). AU kinds of light aud heavy Castings at loweBt
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. N orris,
Jesse Holladay,
Wm. H. Taylor,
James D. Walker.
C. E. McLane,
J. B. Haggin,
WM. H.TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOOUE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD...: Secretary
24vl7-qy
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
xunnrAOTUBBU or
8TKAM ENGINES,
Quartz, Flomr and Saw Mills,
Htyei' Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'a Im-
proved Craiher, Mining- Fnmpa,
Amalgamators, and all kind*
of Machinery.
N. E. corner «f Tehama and Fremont utreets, above How*
■treat, San Franolaoo. My
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Stbeet, San Fbanoisco,
RICHAHD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts.Miningand General Machinery eBtiinaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
F«Lid«-rs, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploiitfhwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Ketil*nin stock at h astern rates. SHOES
aud DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
Variety. 4V30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Haorameuto.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
xAirtnrAOTDEsas or
STEAM ElVCrXTTES, BOIUSBS,
0BO8B' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND 8EDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar's Patent Self -Adjusting: Steam Piston
PAOKINQ, for new and old Cylinders.
And all fclnd* of Mining Machinery.
Front Street, between X and O it, recta,
Sacramento Oitt.
G. W. Pbebcott.
W. R. Eon apt.
Marysville Foundry,
IrLAB.YS'VTLl.E, - - - ----- GAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKAET,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
iioiM ins Machinery. Saw mid Griut Mill Irons, House
Fronts. Car Wlieela, and Castings of every de-
scription ra;tde to order.
Steam 13ng.neB constantly on hand (or sale. 9v28-ly
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
GO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, Award and FolBom, San Franciscc
Machinery sand O&atinffa of all kinds.
PARKE & LACY,
BOLE AGENTS FOE THE
Burleigh Rock Drill ComDany.
-MANTJFACTUREnS OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIE COMPRESSOES AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting, Putnam Ma-
, chine Company's Tools, 'Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address •
PARKE & LACI,
■2iv28-sm-ha 310 California St., S. F.
QU1CESILVEB.
Eandol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Minins and Sctentxfi Pkess, November 7th, 1874.
Ilntm ufl£ lllm T >
Patented November 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1871. See Miking and Scientific Press. September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Miming and SorEiranc Pbebs, November 16th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3m F- FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May SO, 180S.
THE ON LY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT I*OWI>ER., NO. S9
For medium and Beamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, "Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
Ir7~ The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANUFACTUREES OF
T \*y T^ lH"4 f<* T ' ^
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBINF
WATEE WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Plumes.
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GBEATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
jjySend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List -sent free
Jiro. P. Ranmm. Established 1850. A. P. Beat-ton
Pacific Iron Works,
FntST Street,
San Fbanoisco.
Geo. W. Fog-e, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERT DESCRIPTION.
Heavy
Forging Boilers,
and Marine.
Stationary
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERT
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERT.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PBATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & CO., Props.
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
a. & H. BARKETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Nod. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18y25.1y
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St.,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FKANCISCO.
MANCTACTUBEES OF
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
AIbo manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines
i
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
CALJrUKNIA BKASS FOUNDRY,
IV*. 135 First atreet, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All Kisoaot Brass, Composition. Zinc, and Babbit i; Mela
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
Valla, Kudder Braces, Hinges.Ship and Steamboat Bcllsand
Gongsol superior tone. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
iraulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
jar PRICES MODERATE. -©J
J. H. WKPD. V. KINOWELI*.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILEK M A K E B !*
AKD GKNEIIAL. MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale. San Francisco
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Hills, Alining Pumps, EoiBting Machinery, Shaftiug,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J, HENDT, No. 33 Fremont Street.
Occidental Foundry,
197 and 199 First Stkket, - • San FBAHoiiofl
STEIGEK & KERR,
IRON FOUNDERS,
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notic
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pa
and Callahan. Grate Bars, mutable for Burnii
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Sup
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.9m
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO., ,
19 to 25
FIBST STKEET, SAN FBANCTSCC
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machiner;
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
atTICKSILVER FURNACES, CONTJEI
SERS, &c-
Having much experience In the bnslnesB of the I
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, undo
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as
the better plans, with regard to economy and, utility.:
Rolling Mill Company,
8AK FBANOISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AHD —
Every "Variety o* £*liaf tint
Embracing ALL SIZES i f
Steamboat Shaft*, Gra&Bi, Pl«iou and In
fl nectlng Rods, Car t»Bd Locomotive AjcI«§ i
and Frame*
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size.
US- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING BWV
COMPANY, P. O. box 203^, ban Francisco, Oal., wili I
ceive prompt attention.
uy The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
SHEET IRON r»II>E.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Wort
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTl
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a peri*
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard stzeB of railroad Car Wheels, with spec
putterns for Mining Care. These small wheels are mt
of the best Car "Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced
this company, and guaranteed to outlast an; otl
wheels made in this State.
&F~ All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m
JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
HANT/rACTUBEBB OF ALL KDfDS Or
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship
Band Beits.
IS, lfi and 17 Drama Street, Ban Franolsco. 4v4-
California, Machine Work
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FKAN0IS00.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QDAKTZ, SAW AND FLOTJB MIL
Keating's Sack Printing Presses,
The Econoht Htdraulio Hoist fob Stones
And General Machinists. 25v38-
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
JEXJR-ESItA FOXJIVI>RY
129 and 131 Beale street, between Itlaeion and Howi
San Prtnclsoo.
U6HT AND HEATT CASTIJf»i,
of every description, manufactured. 2*vl6i I _
\pril 3. 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
231
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
0 'a
3 ±3
tt 0 'a
>jSas
-
4 * ►>■
g • «
HOISTING ENGINES.
COOK, RYME4 4 CO.'S Celebrated Hoisting Engines have been loo long
in une on the Vac t no Coast 10 require any special recommendation irom us.
We ro£»r with confidence to any one of the hundreds now in use. We simply
stale that they htill sustain their old reputation, the manufacture re not
having followed the now too common practice of reducing the quality of
matt-rial and workmanship for tho sake of cumpetiug with cheaper engine*.
For details ot bIzub send for prl.o lUt. Wo desire to call particular attention
10 our new
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the same parties.)
Whi.h have just been Introduced on this Coast. The plans and specifications
are the nombined i-fTm-tH of opb most successful mining knqinkkhr, and the
nriiilt tl the iir.st complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING- ENGINE
Ever Irallt. Tlieir advantages will be seen at a glance by any on. familiar with
the ueoesnnM III a mine. Ooe of these engines may be seen at work In the
Belcher wine, and one In tho Ophlr, on the Conistock lode, to both of which
we refer. tWWe have all slaes of those engines conatantly on band For
sale only at
TREAD-WELL & CO.'S,
/, San Francisco, Cal.
1 as
|£sf|t
23vl9-eow-tf
I I
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
SI00.00 IN GOLD.
And FIEST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for the beat
SJk.XVS
tho great National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
We havfl made Rneclal shipping arrangements f\>r very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
acificCoist. «^"ONLY SEVr.N DAYS BY M-ilL FROM SAN FR \NCISCO.^B0 Send your address for a full
■p<>rt of the RTfUt National Sawin« Contest, and tho class "f saws that >ou use, with the thickness, eize and
fud that you use. «Ld specify such as you will require within the next CO davs. We will guarantee to furnish
ou with saws mat have no equal iu quality, and at prices that will be entirely' satisfactory. Address
t
EMERSON, FOR) & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
BAILEY'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE PLANES.
U-UIIITY MFPEBEKT STYLES.
Smooth, Jack, Fore, Jointer, Block and Circular Planes.
MANUFACTUKED OF BOTH
IRON AND WOOD.
85,000
Already Sold.
MANUFACTURERS:
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY-
Factories: New Britain, Conn. Warerooms: 35 Chambers Street, New York,
OVER, S::,.-0 0 PER. MONTH WAVED
BY THE U8E OF
Hendy's Improved Amalgamator and Concentrator
FOR SALE BY ALL HARDWARE DEALERS.
I" aX^Send for descriptive Circular*, embracing a full asBortment of Improved" TooIb.
21v28-lum-ly
-T^sl
ftGENTs ■ pC
.5uW55x&i
£Vllei*s-
l\\t^l
M.F.G. CO- *,\?"> A^*
VfiJHu O ' c PANS ANrj
TT—'^-) SYSTEMATIC |
lC°NtENTRATlON
Cter1
>ioUr Mill h*£^M w!^Mn^ER^ ^br^^!
Can be seen at the Manufactory, No. 32 Fremont Street, San Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 27, 1872.
JOSHUA HENDY, Esq.— Dear Sir.— As a practical miner and millman, I take pleasure in recommending the
use of your Concentrators in all mills where gold or silver ores are reduced. No mills shomld be without them,
for the followingreasons:
1st. They are good sizers (no perfect concentration in pulverized ores can be effected without first sizing) .
2d. The best Concentrator I have ever known — (the concentrated stuff only containing 5 per cent, of sand).
3d. They are good amalgamators, light (feathery) particles of amalgam and particles of coated gold by at-
trition are brightened, and from their specific gravity and the action of the pan, fall to the bottom and adhere.
4th. They require but little power and attention to run them, and with ordin ary cure will last for years.
I have been familiar with the workings of your Ooncentrators for four years past; have run them myself in
the North Star Mine, Grass Valley; am familiar with their practical workings on the Empire Mine, OrasB Valley;
St. Patrick, PlacerOo.; St. Lawrence, El Dorado Co.; Oaks and Reese, Mariposa Co., and most cheerfully give
you tbiB testimonial. For further information you are at liberty to refer to,
Tours respectfully, JAS. H. GROSSMAN, M. E.
409 California street, or Cosmopolitan Hotel.
■ BAN FRANCISCO, February 10, 1874.
Office StrpEBiKTENDENT op Keystone Con. M. Co., Amador, Amadob County.
MR. J. HENDY — Dear Sir; — In answer to your inquiries as to your Concentrators furnished our company
last July, I would say that I am more than pleased with them; and the saving to the company nas been ovei
$3,600 per month more than with the blankets and buddies formerly in use. O. C. HEWITT, Supt.
OFFICE SUMNER MINE. Kebnvjlle, April 27, 1874.
J. HENDY, Esq. — Dear Sir.' Having four of your Concentrators in use at our Mills for four or five months,
which for saving Amalgam and for concentrating Sulphurets, are a success, beyond a doubt, I feel it a duty
due you and those interested In Quartz Mills, to recommend them.
As further evidence of their worth, I now order TWELVE more of your Machines for our new Mill, now In
course of erection. E. R. BURKE, Superintendent.
For description send for Circular.
Office and Works, 82 Fremont street.
JOSHTJA HENDY, San Francisco.
9v28-lm-tf
DUNHAM, CARRICAN oV CO.
SUCCESSORS TO
ICALIFORNIA WINE
COOPERAGE
AND MILL CO.
30. 32 & 34 Spear St.
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors.
Manufacturers of
WATER TANKS. SHIP
TANKS, MINING
WOEK,
^.WINE, BEER AND LTQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
Cooperage and Tanks, Steamed
and Dried Before or After
Manufacture at Reason-
able RatcB.
Sawing-, Planing", etc.
22?^=^ at Short Notloe.
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF
ihijlie^id'w^irie, i^ozlst, steel
■
AND OTHER METALS,
107, 109 and III FRONT STREET,
108, 110 ajid 112 FINE STREET,
SA.3V FRANCISCO, CAL.
■
____ 2v30-fim-eow
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheetB or catalogue!) illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFQ. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
232
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 3, 1873
THE PACIFIC COAST
12 Per Cent.
COIsTSOLS.
Interest Payable Monthly, in Gold and
Silver.
A MINING, REAL ESTATE ANHLAND
COMPANY.
Incorporated February 12th, 1875.
Capital Stock, S27.0OO.OOO,
IX CONSOL SHARES OF $1 EACH,
Of which 13,500,000 shares constitute the Sinking and
Investment Fund. IntereBt payable monthly at the
rate of 12 per cent, per annum. Certificates of CON-
SOLS shares receivable at their par value in exchange
for any Mining, Real Estate or Landed Property if the
Company.
Directors :
T, PHELPS, - ' W: 8. REYNOLDS,
B. M. FETTER, L. K. GOODMAN,
J. H. BATES. y^^^S:
Certificates of CONSOLS only issued at the rate and
proportion of 60 per cent, of the cash valuation of
property to he represented in CONSOLS shares. Divi-
dend paid from profits and sales of property, and only
on shares of CONSOLS that have beeu issued for prop-
erty valued and entered on the books of the Company.
Principal Office, 526 Kearny Street-
Principal Depository Agency,-: Bank, San Fran-
• DihCO. ., i
Depository Agencies for payment of interest on CON-
SOLS will De established in the principal cities in the
United States and Canadas, and in London, as when re-
quired.
Interest payable on the 5th. of each mouth at any De-
pository Agency of the Company.
Certificates of interest-bearing CONSOLS, Class A,
First Series, iBstied lor Mining Property in Washoe,
Storey and Lyon counties and on the come tock Lode,
in Nevada, will be ready for delivery to subscribers
snd purchasers on or before April 10th 1875.
Orders for not less than one hundred shares of CON-
SOLS, with the purchase, money required ($1 per
share), may be sent through Wells, Fargo & Co.'s, at
our expense. No certificate of stock issued for less
than twenty shares. All orders must be addressed,
"Office of the CONSOLS M. R. E. and L. Company, 52b
Kearny street, San Francisco:"
T. PHELPS, President
apr3-sa-bp W. S. REYNOLDS, Secretary.
THE AMERICAN
TURBINE
Water Wheel.
THE EXCELSIOR MINING PUMP.
WITH EIGHT YEARS1 USE OF THIS PUMP WE CONFIDENTLY
Recommend its use for Mining and Prospecting.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
>
2] !
rn
BRITTAN, HOLBROOK
Power Pledged Equal to
any Over-shot Wheel
Ever Built.
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific tests by James Emerson, showing the following
useful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, H 60.08; H 69.R4; % 78.73
?i 82.63; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emerson says: " These are the best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine Wheel
in my experience.*'
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnished on application to
■ '■
TREADWELL & CO..
, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific States and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
EXECUTRIX SALE.
STODMKT'S IRON WORKS.
. . OXS Sb WA uTSTS
This old and well established Machine Business, to-
gether with the first-class Tools, Stock, etc., for sale,
and Building to lease. .Apply on the premises,
114 Beale Street, San Francisco, Cal.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
433 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Painted at, contract prices, Jot goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors, Gents'Furnish'g' Gds,
Bootmakers, *"urniture Dealers,
Hatters, Jewelers,
Hotels, Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants, Etc., Etc
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1866.
We have just Added a large amount of new maohinerv o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to hll orders for Hope ol any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on handaSfege stock of Manila Kod
Tarred Manila Rods- u '
Rope; Whale Line^ etc?,' etc.
TTJBB3 & CO..
PeSO ■ 611 and 613 Front street, San Franoisoo .
Send for Circular.
General Agents, 111 and 113 California St.,
SAN FRANCISOO, (And also Saoramento.)
KNOWLES' PATENT STEAM PUMP.
It has no Oranks or Fly- Wheel, and has no dead points where It will stop, consequently it is alwaxs ready to
start without using a starting-bar, and does not require hand-work to get it paet the center. Will always start
when the steam cyliuder is filled with cold water of condensation.
OENTRAL PACIFIC R, R., OFFICE OF THR GEN'L MASTER MECHANIC,)
Saobamento Oal., Januan- 14, 1873. J
A. L. FISH, ESQ., Agent of the Knowlea Steam Pump -Dear Sir: In reply to' your inquiry as to theme-its of the
Knowles Steam Pump, in use upon this road, I will say that it gives me great pleasure to report that taey have per-
formed their work well whenever called upon. In no instance have they failed. We have now over 30 of them in
(■ee on this road as fire eiisines, and pumping water for shop and station use I consider the Knowk'S Sieam Pump the
best in use, and preier it, to any other. Yours, truly, A. J. STEVENS, General Master Mechanic.
A. L. FISH, Agent Knowles' Steam Pump — Dear Sir: In answer to your inquiries, we state that the hishest award
for Steam Pumps at the Eiirtath or la-.t Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco, was a First Premium and Diploma, awarded
to Rubles' Patent SJteam Pump, aa published in the Official List September 23d. 1871.
H..i7"l /A. VV V A. S. HALLlDIE, President BoaTd of Managers.
" W. H , Williams, See'y Board" of Managers Eighth Industrial Exhibition, M. L,
WE BTJIXD AND HAVE CONSTANTLY ON HAND
The Largest Stock of Pumps in the World,
And. for Every Conceivable Purpose.
SOLE AGENT ON THE PACIFIC COAST FOR THE
CLAPP & JONES SUPERIOR STEAM FIRE ENGINE,
Challenging the World !
i
THE CELEBRATKD BOOMER PRESS,
For Wine, Cider,' Lard, Paper, Wool, Hops, Hides, Tobacco, Sags, etc.— the Host Powerful
in Use.
A. L. Fish, Agent,
Nos, 0 and 11 JPirst Street, San Francisco, Cal.
P. 6.— \ll kiddsof new and second-hand Maohines on hand.
4v29-lam-bp-3m
03
1 O
8 P
H ►• IT
s a
r
>
o
.-<
<w
o
CD
m
re
CD
3
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The higheBt and only prize of its class given to anji
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS;
BIT THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' A8S0CIATI0M,
at their Fair In Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
N. W. SPAULDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT .
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market
MANT7FA0TUHER OF
SPAULDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws;
They have proved to be the most do able and economii
cal Saws In the Woi*d.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
"W.
T. GARRATT.
CITY fk
Brass and Bell Founder, 4»
, Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANTTFAOTCmEBS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Mets
CASTINGS,
Church and steamboat Bells,
TAVERN AMI 1LABJD IIEIL8, 8MW ;':
FIRE ENGINES. FOROE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Oocki
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired
Hose and all other JointB, Spelter, Solder and Cop
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, 01
Qlobes, Steam Whistles. HYDRADLIO PLPE8 AM
NOZZLES tor mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe ftti
ni6hed -with Fittings, etc Coupling Joints of all size*
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufat
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
ea-Hlghest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, 001
PEE and BRASS. 6-tf
BAIRD'S
FOE PRACTICAL HEN.
My new revised and enlarged Ostalogue of PR*0T-
OAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 8vo., will t
sent free of postage, to anv one who will favor me wit
his BldresB. HENRY CARET BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
16p Philadelphia.
u
w
kg
s?
j'l
■ i.
An lllustra
of Mining,
utm Sciei
»Y DKW1CY <St CO.,
Patent Solid lor**.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. APRIL 10, 1875.
VOJL.UM.E XLX.31
CTumber IS.
Details of Operations of Burleigh Drills at New Almaden Mine.
Day Shift— 9 men.
Giant Powder used, pouadB..
i
u
'J6
2
14
19
3
9
i2
'4
13
22
6
ie
28
6
13
25
3
30
7
8
16
28
33
9
1C
16
10
18
14
29
11
12
14
■21
12
9
11
2b
X
9
6
12
50
11
12
1
18
13
6
18
1
MX
14
15
16
8
10
17
9
9
is
8
8
19
14
11
90
17
13
ll
13
24
1:1
id
2b
10
17
26
11
24
27
8
8
98
TOTAL
6
12
12
13
10
11
2J3
407
29
2U
24
22
31
20
6
X
3
3
X
9
5
21
H
7
10
98 '-.■
21 X
21
21
26
4
X
11
6
190, Vi
9
i
21
5
4
22
6
6
6
4
6
6
6
8
9
13
6
12
10 8
5
8
7
7
7
7
5
13
75
12
12
17U
5
6
11
22
;S
26
28
14
14
14
19
11
12
12
3
11
11
12
8
11
11
13
12
10
17
15
4
12
12
324
65
12
13
1
21 X
SO
12
12
30
10
12
50
11
13
337
Night Shift-7 men.
Number of holes missed
OUiit Powder used, pounds..
BUck Powder used, kegs
U
21
21
14
20
58 ■■
13
23
13
a
8
6
13
17
3
16
a
8
6
16
18
1
11
1
8
6
14
15
13
17
11
18
18
14
13
13
13
13
14
14
11
9
10
9
308
319
8
1
8
5!4
3
1
6
8«
5
1
6
4
6
a
10
4
3X
H
7
5
111
22
23 X
flSJf
5X
X
10
4X
7X
X
9
5
9
X
6
IX
9
J.X
6
4X
16
iii"
4X
5
X
6
5X
20
22
327 X
e
ii"
56
lX
9
7
4
11
8
12
4
fi-H
5
10
12
13
12
7
12
10
12
188
89
108
1*
5
1
1*
Vi
5
75
1$
80
IX
6
70
1H
6
80
IX
76
IX
65
IX
IX
lJt
1«
IX
15
46
I'-
55
IX
to
IX
90
1
III
70
IX
1
IX
870
31 a
35
Work Done by Burleigh Drills.
We give herewith a detailed account of the
esults accomplished with the Burleigh drills
rod air compressors during the month of Feb-
■nary at the New Almiden mine, in the tunnel
icarthe "hioienda." The report is male by
T. B. Rindol, manager of the mine. The di-
ensionsof the tunnel areBeven feet bix inches
jy seven feet six inches, and the rock pissed
.hroughhis been a strata of hard rook of a
ime&tone class, interspersed with thin seams
>f quartz. The seams cross the tunnel at right
tugles. The operations for February (24 days)
rere as follows: Holes drilled four feet deep,
|300; average per day, 25.04. Holes forced,
u86; average per day, 32.75. Holes missed, 9.
Hercules and Giant powder used, total, 818
(pounds; average, 34.08; average per foot, 6.59.
Black powder, total, 287 pounds; average per
day, 12 pounds; average per foot, 2.31. Car
loads removed, 358; average per day, 14:91
Cords wood, 31%; average per day, 1.29. Feet
■Driven, 124; average per day, 5.17. Heroules
|>r Giant powder is used for the cut as shown
In the diagrams and fired by electricity, driving
put the wedge of rock. Side holes are then
kharged with black powder, which squares the
prifr.
J The cost per foot wa* $21.90, in which ac-
count is inoluded all expenditures, as follows:
Labor, including repairs, $1,418.56; material,
Including fuel, track, pipe, explosives, eto.,
11,307.89. Total, $2,726.45. The tabular state-
ment herewith gives the details of daily work
iior the month. We publish it to show that the
fbcoount has been systematically kept, and also
ib a guide to others keeping similar accounts,
'it should be stated that the day shift each day
Itbommences work at 7 a.m., and stops at 5:30
P.m. The night shift goe3 on at 5:30 p.m.,
bid is off at 5:30 a. m.
'I Previous to the introduction of these drills
[he tunnel was run 7x7 in size— by hand labor.
Wine men on contract in October made 40 feet
it $23.29 per foot, and the same number of
rien in November made 33% feet, at a cost of
MB. 49 per foot. Work with the drills on
neasurement 7 feet 6 iuches by 7 feet 6 inches
was commenced in January, when 108 feet was
nade at a cost of $22.89. It will be seen from
hie that even at an equal cost the amount of
ivork done by the drillB in a given time is more
r-han trebled.
Blaisdelfs Improved Railway Tie.
The invention illustrated herewith is an iron
tie, designed as a substitute for the wooden tie
originally employed, and also to provide a
strong and elastic support for the rails, while
constituting a portion pf a permanent way.
width; aDd owing to the firm bearing afforded
by the abutting surfaces, they are retained in
position with the least possible number of
spikes.
The sloping contour given to the surface of
the t.e enables, ic is olainied, the wheeiB of a
train, in event of running off the track, to
mount and pass over the lieu, instead of crush-
ing the same, as might otherwise occur. Fi
.
Faoe.
j Fubthee East. — The new hoisting machin-
ery of the North Consolidated Virginia mine is
'iompleted, and everything is in fine working
pondition. The Gold Hill News thinks that
'he company haa shown good judgment in the
JtartiDg of their shaft to the eastward, on the
ine of the O & C and Chollar and Savage
ihafts, : it being evident that nearly
ill the mines on the Comstock will eventually
lave to shift their hoisting works further to
he east.
Section.
The peculiar form of the cast iron body of
the tie, clearly shown in Fig. 1, is calculate! to
give strength and stability, and, at the same
time, to insure economy of material. At each
end are formed rectangular sockets, open at
the top and at the outer extremities. The
lower parts of said sockets are flanged in order
to retain rubber blocks, A, in the sectional
view, Fig 2, above which wooden blocks, Bt
are laid. On top of each of the last, the rail
ohair is placed. The chair is made in two
parts, so as to be adjusted readily to grasp the
rail between the lip and foot plate. Overlap-
pingportions of tne body, C, together with the
bolts entering the wooden block, Becurely hold
the chairs in position. Passing longitudinally
through the entire tie is a truss rod, D, which
is set up outside the wooden blocks with nuts
and washers. The apertures through which
this rod enters the metal part of the tie are
made sufficiently large to allow the depression
of the blocks when the rubber yields to super-
incumbent pressure.
It will be seen that the rubber blocks give an
elastic support to the track, tending to nullify
the results of jarring and compression. The
wooden blocks serve a similar purpose, and
may be used alone when any great degree of
elasticity is not required. The chairs may be
adjusted to hold rails having flanges of varying
IMPROVED RAILWAY TIE.
farther particulars address the inventor, Mr.
George D. Blaisdell, Cambridge, Vt,
The mining fever has spread into Maine.
Penobscot county now boasts its silver mine,
and is readv to compare nuggets with New-
buryport. Ore is said to have been discovered
in Dexter, which careful scientific analysis
shows will pan out $360 silver and $12 gold
per ton.
H. J. Booth & Co. are at work on a mill for
the California mine, which will be 'the largest
mill on the Comstock, and, consequently, in
the world. It will have 70 stamps (10 more
than the big Consolidated Virginia mill), 42
pans, and will be run by an engine of 1,200
horse-power.
A fiee broke out in the San Bruno mine at
Mosquito, Calaveras county, March 29th, and
to extinguish it the mine was closed, the shaft
and all other openings stopped. It had not
been opened at last accounts, and the damage
is not known.
Immense deposits of coal have recently been
discovered in East canyon, of Utah, within five
miles of the Utah Western railroad, causing
considerable rush and excitement.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
INo. 30.
Loss of Gold and Quicksilver.
It is difficult to arrive at a oorreot estimate
of the loss of gold in hydraulic washings. In
mines where cjaise gold predominates the loss
cannot be so great as where gold in fine parti-
cles, commonly called flour-gold, constitutes
the principal yield. Hydraulic mines, how-
ever, must ohiefly depend on the latter gold,
which is diffused through the hills and moun-
tain sides.
The loss of quicksilver in the best conduoted
hydraulic mines is from 12% to 15 per cent.,
and the loss of gold, in many cases, can hardly
be leBS. Even if almost all the heavier parti-
cles of bright gold are saved, still there is in
all mines a proportion of rusty gold, which is
not attacked by quicksilver, and is very liable,
on account of the reduction of its specific
gravity by the adherence of foreign matter, to
be carried off in the sluice -stream.
In most cases the tailings of a hydraulic mine
become public property, and are, therefore, a
total loss to their original owners. How great
this loss is may be evidenced by the yield of
only a small portion of these tailings under
subsequent working.
There can be no doubt whatever that gener-
ally too much gravel is washed for the supply
of water. We need only to argue from the moBt
primitive mode of gold-washing, namely, the
washing with the pan, to gain the strongest
proof that by the washing of enormous quanti-
ties of gravel in a stream of thick and muddy
Water great quantities of the finer particles of
gold are lost. To save such gold in a pan re-
quires not only a skillful hand, but a change
of water, so as to offer the least resistance to
the settling of the particles at the bottom of
the pan. Considering, then, how easy it is to
carry on certain mechanical operations on a
small scale, which are altogether impracticable
on a large one, we must conclude that the diffi-
culties of saving the flour-gold in enormous
sluices, running rapid streams of thick and
muddy water, must be increased, though not,
perhaps, in direct proportion to the difference
between the quality of material washed. That
it is desirable to extract the gold as completely
as possible from the gravel-depobits, which,
though immense, are nevertheless exhaustible,
needs no demonstration; the only means will
be a greater supply of water. With an ample
supply of water a system of sluices could be
introduced which would separate the finer
gravel, black sand, etc., from the main stream
and carry this finer stuff, with a new supply of
pure water, alongside the main sluice. A
medium grade of six inches to twelve feet of
the main sluices would suffice not only to carry
out such a system of separation, but to estab-
lish under-currents and drops for finer gravel,
even tn a greater extent than the present system
of sluice-washing permits.
We will suppose that sluice-boxes on a grade
of six inches per twelve feet and for a distance
of 5,000 feet are established; that, furthermore,
the natural fall of the main outlet permits no
higher grade.
At the point where main sluices leave the
tunnel (the length of which is immaterial), a
grating, such as described under the heading of
under-currents, is inserted in the bottom, flush
with the pavement of the Bluice3. The bottom
of the main Bluice, below this Rrating, which
may be from fifteen to eighteen inches in width,
forms the bottom of the box which receives the
water, fine gravel, etc., falling through the
grating. To give fall to this box, a false bot-
tom on a grade of one-half inch per foot is in-
serted. This box leads into (or is continued in
the form of) a smaller sluice box, running
alongside the main sluice and on a grade of
only four inches per twelve feet
To facilitate the flow of this strained material,
and to make up for the loss of grade, a jet of
pure water 'is injected by a small pipe into the
receiving-box below the grating, asaisting thus
in keeping this box clear and in washing the
strained gravel, etc., in a pure stream of water.
Condensed from an article bv Oharlea Waldeyer, of
the last Annual Report of the V. S. Commissioner in
Mining Statistics.
A nugget of pure gold, weighing eight oun-
ces, was last week discovered in the Granite
Tunnel mine, El Dorado county.
234
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April io, 1875
Correspondence.
The Treatment of Ores of the Precious
Metals.
Editors Press: — The constant efforts made to
improve the methods in use for the reduction of
ores of the precious metals demonstrates the
fact that considerable inconvenience is experi-
enced in the economical treatment of these
ores. The careful study of the chemical and
phvscial condition of the metals, and their
peculiar behavior under external and adventi-
tious circumstances, may help to explain what
appear as discrepancies in many metallurgical
operations. The observance of those laws that
govern disposing causes, that frequently inter-
fere in chemical reactions, may also lead to the
establishment of rational hypothesis. While
great caution is necessary in discussions o
subjects of difficult solution, yet some latitude
may be allowed to the stud' nt searching for
data to base technical operations. Numerous
experiments have been made to determine toe
relative force of chemical actions of various
re-agents with a view- to solve some of these dif-
ficulties, constantly met with by the metallurgist.
Slight causes often turn the scale when the op-
posing forces do not greatly differ. To narrate
the result of a long list of inquiries to base the
present case upon, would exhaust the patience
of t be reader; therefore, only such matters will
be mentioned that may be of practical vulae,
which this paper is intended to treat.
Concerning the decomposition of auriferous
sulphides by roasting; the question has been
asked, if amalgamabie gold can be obtained.
"We answer, no. The so-called desulphurized
ore is far short of the theoretical acquirements
of the law, even when conducted by the most ap-
proved methods in use. A smelting heat would
0e fatal for the purpose of amalgamation. It
we examine some of the elements that the
metallurgist has to contend with, there may be
found some explanation that may lead to
the solution of some of the difticu ties
frequently met with. One of the moat insidi-
ous of these bodies is ihat of sulphur; this
substance bears great resemblance to that ot
oxygen in its chemical relations, the basic
chaiacter of the proto and iutermtd ate oxides
and sulphides, and the great attraction existing
between that body and most of the ma,il-,
The less oxidizable metals frequently hold
sulphur with great obstinacy. Long continued
roasting reduces the sulphides to a lower con-
dition or to a proto sale, which has strongly
maikcd basic qualiiies. The mttals possessing
strong attraction foroxygeu, an oxide is formed;
the complete removal of ihe whole of the
suiphur by the ordinary calcination may be
qUHbtioned, more particularly in presence of
hydrogen vapours. The rationale of the chemi-
cal changes inductd by treatment of sulphurets
by the Statefeldt and Bruckner furxuees has
been given ; to some the explanation is not whol-
ly satisfactory, yet sufficient evidence is £iven to
snow that a double interchange of e em^uts
is necessarv to effect complete decomposui n.
Tue laws of substitution regulating thefoima-
tion ot compounds are of sufficient importance
to meiit careful consideration. The complex
changes brought about by ihe action of varia-
ble quantities of compound bodies often
present great difficulty to the student in search
of data; he finds it necessary to pause to ex-
amine such disposing causes that would other-
wises lead to the belief that the oider of things
was reversed; nor is it surprising when pas-
sages are met with in chemical writings to this
effect: that oxygen replaces chlorine hydrogen,
bromine, etc., to form oxides; again, chloiine
draws out oxygen fiour metallic oxides to form
chlorides, etc. An example is seen in the
rel-tive force of chemical attraction existing
between hydrogen and iron for that of oxygen.
A Slight alteration of temperature is sufficient
to cause a change of state. The more negative
metals, even in tXeess, similar effects take place.
The application of a solution of bichloride of
mercury to the photographic imageoffersan ex-
ample. Further, here is a multitude of curious
phenomena and indirect actiuns connec el, to
be considered before satisfactory foimula can be
arrived at. Ihe.-e slight allusions to impor-
tant chemical changes as they occur in the
tieatment of ores of the precious metals, it is
hoped, will prepare the way to render ihat pro-
cess intelligible.
This new method is dependent on the
fact that the incandescent sulphuret par-
ticle, if placed in an equivalent of globing
atmospheric oxygen, decomposition will imme-
diately ensue. The resulting bases are acted up-
on in a manner which is determined by their re-
spected attractions for the elements employed.
Ores containing sufficient sulphur for heap
» roasting may be stacked and roasted iu the
open air. Sulphur will be expelled, together
with arsenic and volatile bases, and an inter-
mediate Bulphide produced. This is a cheap
method which greatly aids the subsequent fine
grinding. Ores containing less sulphur, un-
fitting them for this treatment, should be finely
ground and heated to redness in a reverbera-
tory fumaoe of especial construction, that con-
sists of several hearths, placed one directly
above the other; also inclined or zig-zag and
communicating air chambers or pipes aTe
made to traverse through the interior, then pro-
ceeding to a coil or pipes heated to redness by
a separate furnace, and so arranged that it can
be detached when necessary. This hot chamber
receives air from ihe blast, which, circulating
through the heated pipes, attains a high |tem-
perature, this being brought to the vicinity of
the bridge of the reverberatory. The ore is fed
from the top; it soon attains some degree of
heat, and is then pushed to the second floor, and
so on until it ariives at the lowermost, in a
state|higbly incandescent, and falls into a hopper
near the bridge. This is supplied with a feed-
ing apparatus which allows the ore to fall grad-
ually on ihe current of glowing air, that carries
it immediately into a chamber a few feet high,
striking against the upper end or hood. It
is deposited in the outer chamber. Thus it
will be seen that a complete decomposition of
the sulphuret particle is dependent, not on the
time ol contact wiih atmospheric oxygen, but
the necessary equivalent for that purpose. It
is always well to have an excess, which guards
against any tendency to cinder.
The end of this last chamber communicates
with a dust condenser. This, too, has some im-
portant features which must be described: This
condenser consists of a cyliudrical or other
form vessel, with a sieve at one end, and of suf-
ficient dimensions to hold a quantity of irregu-
lar shape d pieces of metal scraps, waste tin, or
even stone or coke that will allow gaB or water
to pass through it. This vessel is charged with
these materials and placed in a tank with an
inclined bottom, and the whole put under a
chimney or in communication with it. A fine
spray is allowed to play upon the top of these
pieces of metal. The draught from the chim-
ney draws the dust and permanent gases up
from the bottom, sufficient space 1 eing allowed
between the cylindrical vessel and the tank for
the purpose. The large surface of wet mae-
rial, constantly irrigated, rapidly condense* the
dust, which is carried by the current to the
tank, and is discharged outside and collected,
if necessary, while the eases pass up the flue.
This simple condenser occupies but little room,
and giving place to more costly condensing
chambers, and may receive the appellation of
the "dust trap *'
Tbe red hot decomposed ore deposited in the
above chamber enters a feeding hopper and
falls on a current of chlorine generated from a
retort outside, that keeps a small chamber
charged with that gas. A small aperture will
keep up ciiculation, and will regulate the pres-
sure. The addition of a little nitrate of potassa
to form hyponitric acid will greatly aid the
chemical action. With ores containing 1-ss sul-
phur or base material this method is highly ad-
vantageous. Salt may be employed in the
hopper instead of the gas, and some ad-
vantage may be obtained by using, in conjunc-
tion, the byponitiic acid.
It is necessary to tike a retro1 peel ive glance
of the chemical changes induced by this method
of treatment of the sulphides. By roasting in
h^aps in the open air a lower sulphide is
formed, analogous probably to the blaek oxtdr,
and coutaining qualities of a sulphur base.
Ibis is in contact with atmospheric oxygen in
excess, and incandescent ignition immediate-
ly takes placH, wi h the forrna'ion of sulphu-
rous and sulphuric acids, and oxides of the
more oxidizable metals and b^ses. Those pos-
sessing It as at traction for txygen form a sulphur
ba-*e. There are a nuinbe r of complex changes
brought about by di-posing causes. Their na-
ture and action will be omitted, as they do not
greatly interfere in piactict.1 operations; yet
mention must be made of one of the most po-
tent, namely, heat. This determines chemical
aciion with great avidity. This is seen when
an equiva'ent of atmospheric oxygen and sul-
phur are brought in contact with the sulphuret
particles and blast, while an excess of the latter
prevents any tendency to scarification by act-
ing on the metal and bases. Ores containing
ziuc, had and copper, readily yiel in smelting
by employing the appropriate fluxes. Simple
roasting amalgamabie gold isn <t obtained, no
doubtfrom the condensation of sulphuretted
hydrogen on its surface, generated by the de-
eomp >sition of the metallic sulphides. The
contact of chlorine i>r the hyponitric acid used
as suggested is sufficient to remove this evil.
It owes its existence to the decomposition of
water,the hydrogen combining with the sulphur
and oxygen with the metals. The second treat-
ment or chlorination has some advantages; the
ores are acted upon in a manner whicn is de-
termined by their respective attraction for ox-
ygen and chlorine; giving lise to a method
employing approsima'e equivalents of chem-
ical bjdies used in their redacion.
Something might be said here regarding the
subsequent treatment and reduction of the chlo-
riuated silver ores, but will be deferred for a
future opportunity. J. Tonbbidgk.
Nevada City, Cal.
Capital Wanted in Utah.
Editors Press: — "Well knowing and fully
appreciating the untiring energy and enterprise
of Californians, I would call their attention to
the consideration of two opportunities for the
investment of capital in this vicinity, which it
would seem are first-class in all respects. The
first and most urgent want for successful
smelting in Utah, is the procuring of fuel at a
reasonably low price. All the coke used here
is obtained at St. Louis or beyond, at the enor-
mous cost of $35 per ton, delivered in Salt
Lake City. The draft on our smelters for this
item in the past year was something near one
million dollars, and making the cost of tnielt-
ing approximate closely to $25 per ton. In
West Mountain mining district, of which Bing-
ham is the center, we have a vast amount of
argentiferous galena, of too low grade to be
worked at so high cost and return a satisfactory
profit. And there is no necessity for this state
of things continuing. There is an abundance
of coal within *t short distance, shown by an-
alysis to be adapted to coking as well as that
from which we are procuring our supply.
Henry S. Pool, F. B. S., to whom specimens of
San Pete coal were sent for analysis, reports:
Volatile matter and ash .....35.50
Ooke 64.50
By Fred. Claudet, of London, England:
Coke 6210
Ash 10 54
Volatile matter 27.36
With scarcely a trace of sulphur. Analysis
in New York and Pniladelphia equally favor-
able. The Southern Utah railroad is completed
to within forty-five or forty-six miles of the mines
that are opened, and the road is being extend-
ed; yet there are known to be undeveloped
mines much nearer the route.
Here is a chance for the profitable employ-
ment of capital that ought not to go begging.
The business is capable of an indefinite expan-
sion, the twenty-five or thirty smelters already
in operation, with the certainty of great in-
crease of the number, would give a-surance of
success to a large investment. A reduction of
only twenty-five or thirty per cent, in the coBt
of coke would enhance the out-put of ore in this
and the adjoining districts to at least double
the present quantity in a year. The facilities
are first-class in the San Pete region for the
purpose under consideration. A feeble attemi t
was made in this direction last year, but
whether relinquished or not we are not in-
formed.
Equally certain of successful returns would
be investment in concentration works, situated
at intermediate points between the mines and
the great number of smelters in Salt Lake val-
ley. Two or three failures have been made, or
if not failures, only partial successes, have
been made in that line. No reason can be as-
signed why there is any peculiar difficulty in
concentrating our ores, and we must look for
the cause of the failure to defective manipula-
tion.
This business alBO would be susceptible of
enlargement to au unlimited extent, and would
be second to none in importance as a pajing
investment. In should be mentioned in this
connection that concentrating woiks on a huge
scale were erected near Suit LaKe City two
years ago, that would have been of infinite
benefit to the country as well as profitable to
the owners, but by an unaccountable blunder
ihe location was so ill-advised as to defeat the
entire purpose. William Teal.
Bingham, U ah, March 27.
Yosemite.
Cost of Travel and Roads to Yosemite and the
Big Trees.
The time for tourist travel to the above
named places will probably soon commence,
and some idea of the cist of the trip and the
routes and distances will be interesting. Per-
haps no one knows any more on this subject
th n Mr. J. M. Hutchings, of Yosemite Valley
fame, and he writes as follows 10 Ihe Bulletin:
" There are now two excellent wagou roadB
comp'eted to the Yosemite, so that persons < an
ride in a carriage to the hotel door.-*, if they so
elect. One is via Big Oak Flat, and the other
via Coulterviile. Another, between Clark and
Moore's (now known as the Big Tree station)
and the Valley, is in course of construction,
aud will probably be completed to the ' Her-
mitage ' early this season.
Routes, Distances, Etc.,
Will indicate ihe starting point and genera*
course to be taken.
First— Via Stockton and Big Oak Flat to
Yosemite:
San Francisco to Stockton, by rail 91 miles
Stocktou to Miltou, also by rail 28 "
Milton to Chintae Uamp, by coach 28 "
Chinese Gamp to Hotels in the Valley 60 "
Total, (by rail 119 miles, coach 88 miles,)... 207 "
This mute lies directly through the Tuolumne
Grove of Big Trees.
Second — Via the Calaveras Grove of Big
Tri-es to Yosemite:
San Francisco to Stockton and Milton, by mil. 119 iui Ire
Milton to Murphy's Camp, by coach 30 "
Murphy's Camp to Big Tree Grove, 15, and
back 15, by coach 30 "
Murphy'* Camp to Sonora, by coach 14 "
Sonora to Chinese Camp, by coach 11 "
Chinese Camp to H tels in Valley 60 "
Total, (by rail 119, coach 145 miles) 264 "
This route is through a portion of theminiog
districts, and a very picturesque country, and,
like the former, embracing the Tuolumne Grove
of Big Trees.
Third — Via Merced and Coulterviile to Yo-
semite:
San Francisco to La th rop , by rail 82 miles
Lathrop to Merced, also by rail 57 "
Merced to Coulterviile, by coach 48 "
Coulterviile to Hotels in the Valley 48 "
Total, (by rail 139, coach 96) 235 "
The Merced Grove of Big Trees is directly
on this route.
Fourth — Via Merced and Mariposa to Yo-
semite:
Sau Francisco to Lathrop and Merced, by rail. 139 miles
Merced to Mariposa (mail route), by coach... 46 "
Mariposa to Big Tree Station, by coach 26 "
Station to Big Trees and back, horseback 12 "
Big Tree Station to HotelB in the Valley, by
coach and on horseback 2T "
Total, (by rail 139,coaoh and horae'k 111 m's) 250 "
There is an excellent trail constructed down
the wild canon of the Merced river, and which,
being generally below ihe snow line, opens the
great valley to ihe tourist in winter, and pre-
vents the "Bnow blockade" of former years.
This route would be by Mariposa and Hite's
cove; or by Coulterviile and Brewer oave to
the valley, and gives about thirty miles of
horseback riding.
.Admonitory Suggestions.
The following, the result of experience, if
kindly taken, will be found valuable:
Go in by one route and out by another. The
reasons for this will be obvious to every one.
Avoid "round trip tickets," for if they save
a trifle (and there is really little if anything
eaved) they often put yon to trouble that is
not trifling. And it frequently happens that
you meet friends in the valley whom you would
like to journey with, but who may be going ;
one way while your ticket take* yon another.
W hen private teams are preferred to stages >have
jour agreement in writing and clearly ex-
pressed. Of course, take this with you.
Srlect genial companions, leaving all "growl-
ers " at home, as one such will destroy the com-
fort of a whole party.
Do not hurry, especially when going. Any
one whose time is limited should go alone, or
with others similarly situated.
Eschew large trunks (unless you are intend-
ing a long visit) and all useless articles. Take
inexpensive jet comfortable clothing, inclnding
one change of underclothing (there are laun-
dries theie,) strong boots, not necessarily
htavy, well broken to the feet before t-tarting.
Ladies should carry an extra pair. They should
also provide themselves with one short dress —
a neat Bloomer would be found the best.
Add twenty-five per cent, to yonr carefully
considered estimate of the expenses of the
trip.
Be and keep jolly, taken even any little mis-
hap good-naturedly.
Take the best, and make the best, of every-
thing.
I' any man tells you, "lam the only author-
ized agent for the sale of tickets; the route I
represent is the only one," don'c you believe
him — in anything.
Probable Expenses of the Trip.
Fare from San Francisco and back, say, about $60
Board, $3 5j per day, by the week 20
Horse hire, guides, tolls, etc., about 20
Total $100
Horse hire in the villey is generally about
$2.50 per day. Guide, which includes his
horse, wag' s and board, $5 per day to the
party. To insure careful attention and safety
on mountain trails, large parties should have
one guide fur every five or six persons.
As several excellent horse trails have been
made by private persons to picturesque points
that were formerly inaccessible on horseback,
tolls are charged as follows:
To Glacier Point $1 00
To Nevada Fall (Snow's) .' 7fi I
Nev»da FalU to Glacier Point 75
Foot of tbe Upper YoBemite Fall 60
Total Tolls in and around Valley $3 00
Thee is also a charge of $1.50 each person
on h th of the new reads opened lust season;
b t this toll is included in the fare charged.
The information is for those only who drive in
their own private teams.
Lastly; stages will commence running early
in April. Private teams at any time du-ired.
Ed. Harrison, 140 Montgomery s'reet, is agent
for the direct route via Chinese Camp, also for
that via Calaveras Big Trees. Thns. House-
worth, No 9 M- ntgomery street, Lick house,
is agent for the McCeh-natban & Co. t-tages via'
Meiced and CoultervillH. S. Miller, Ko. 3 New,
Montgomeiy street, under Grand ho* el, isognnt
for the route via Mariposa and the W. shburne,
Chapman & Co. Btages via Coult rvill«. Pri-
vate teams can be had of Doak & Dunning and
Captaiu Johnson of Stockton, and of M. Mc» •
Celenathan and Washburne, Chapman & Co.,
Merced. Each of these will have their agents
— all duly authorized, I presume — in this city.
New Process for Working Gold Ores.—
"We do not know anything officially," says
the Grass Valley Uidon, "about a new piocfss of
working gold bearing quart 2, which has recent-
ly been put in operation in this county. We"
only know that works htve been established,
and are in operation, between this place and
Nevada City, which will treat ores in a new '
way. The works are located near Glenbrook
race-course, halfway between this place and
Nevada City, and have been in operation some, j
three or four weeks. It is said the procesSv
there used will work quartz in lumps, without
crushing and without concentrating sulphurets,
in the completest manner. Not a color of gold
escapes the new process. The lumps of quartz
put into the works are dissolved, so to speak,1
iu a few moments, and all the gold and other
metals are extracted and returned, less cost of
working, to the man who carries quartz to that
place. And the cost of working, it is snid.is
much less than by mill process. ThiB we give
as a rumor, and we do not know that the ru-
mor is correct. If the new process is all that
rumor says it is, then the millenium has about
arrived. At all events, the new operators are
paying their own way and are asking no one to
put up a cent for them, We noticed, yester-
day, several sacks of quartz going up to be
turned into gold. It may be, in tbe course of
time, that we can catch a definite idea about the
new manner in which quartz here is to be here-
after worked by the new process.
<
:
«
.t*
April io, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
235
ECHANICAL ^ROGRESS
Big Guns and What They Will Do.
The London Standard has an article about
big rub*, which gives Home startling facts. It
says: 'England is now bnildiuga ship to carry
tweuty-four incLe-* of armor, and »be is making
a guo which will be eighty-one tons in weight.
Unquestionably, the ship is splendidly design-
ed. So also is th«- gun, which we are to h .v.-
ready some time about next July, und whioh
will don' tl ess inrn ont to be a wonderful wea-
pon. Artillerists speak of the coming monster
as 'an awinlgnn.' Crowds assemble at the
forge whenever one of the huue coils is to be
pommeled by the new steam hammer at Wool-
wich arsenal. Even in the making of the 33-
ton gun, masses of iron weighing twenty-eight
ton-, at a wtldiog heat, have to oe laid under
the hdmmer, For the larger gun, an incan-
descent mass of forty tons has to be fetched
ont of the fire and duly hammered. The fur-
nace has the capacity of a cottage, and the tongs
by which the glowing cylinder is lifted out of
its burning bed, weigh no less than thirty tons.
A steam crane bear* the wbole weight of tongs
and coil, and everything proceeds withont acci-
dent or bitch of any kind. At night the sight
is truly grand, and well repays those specta-
tors who iak«j the trouble to be present.
"This great gun, which is being contracted
•t Woolwich arsenal, has a bore of sixteen
inch's diameter, aud twenty-four f et in
length. It will fire a ball weighing oue hun-
dred and i-ixty-MX pounds, pr>>pelltd by three
hundred pounds of powder, the range being
seven ml s." But the Standard Bays this is
{not a!l that can be done, aud niVr speaking of
jthe practicability of a twenty-inch boie, it asks;
I "Why should we stop short of that which must
(be gained at some period or other? Let us
(contemplate the further step at once. Why
not bav« a gun with a bore of twenty-four
inches — simply iwo feet. The weight would
be two hundred and seveaty-five tons, the
.charge of ponder would be one thousand
■pounds, the weight of the projectile nearly two
tou-i aud a half, and ihi range eight or nine
mihs! This is not a mere dreim, but a per-
tfec ly practicable pieca of work. The C"8L
Iwoaid probably be a trifle less than $500 per
ton, or about $125,000 fur the entire piece. In
H weight of projec.ile, such a gun would probably
be somethiug more than a 5U00-p >under.
Ferhips. when we had nude such a gun, we
might think *e had gone far enough As for
the armor, the project i.e of she 275-ton gun
would p»netiata three feet uf iron, with corre-
sponding backing. The length of its bore
rwould be thirty-six fret. Thut of the 'Wool-
itwich Infant,' of thirty five tons, ib tbiiteenand
a half feet, the bore of the thirty-eight ton gun
being thiee feet longer. The eighty-one tun
g'in, as already fit-ted, will have a bore of
iweniy-fuur feet. The 'Wool #ich Infant' haB
a maximum external diameter of rather less
than fivo feet. The eighty-one ton gun will
mea-ure in this respect eix feet But ihe two
bundrtd and seventy-five ton gun would measure
nine feet. Such would be its full bight if
lying flat on (he ground. A tall man would
■come a y-ird short of the top of the gun, the
fatter simply lying on the bare earth without a
(Damage." The Standard intimates that this
^will be the most popular guu ever to be used.
Plumbago— PreservationoT Iron.
1 In these days of general diffusion of chemical
knowledge, it is Bcarcaly necessary to state that
•he "black lead" or "plumbago" of com-
fnerce, is not lead at all, or any compound of
jts composition. Neither is it a carburet of
lead, and it includes no lead whatever in iron,
■is is sometimes stated. It is simply carbon.
Pure plumbago is pure catbon, impure plum-
bago is impure carbon. Its proper name is
graphite, that is, wiiting stone. We may ven-
ule to describe it as the softest of ull true
solid b, and have often pondered wonderingly
pon the apparently unnoticed, but very curi-
UBchemico-mechanical paradox that the hardest
nd softest of all the solids exibtiag upon the
urtb are, chemically speaking, the same sub-
tanoe, graphite and the diamond being both
tarbon.
It is this wonderful softness, combined with
bersiBtent solidity, that enables us to smear it
>ver any other solid surface, and thus obtain a
olid paint, ail body and no medium. For the
Mass of casting* to wuich it is commonly ap-
plied where its application can be readily re-
peated and where it is not exposed to the direct
jiction of water, it is unrivalled us a protecting
ilm for iron. Its chemical action, sofarasitdoes
kct when cold, is reducing or anti-oxidizing, Its
idor and tone are so familiar to iron that Mr,
luakin himself could scarcely make any aas-
hetic objection to its use, and the film is bo
oarvelously thin that it obliterates nothing.
There does not appear to have ever been any
j.ttempt to estimate the thickness of a well-
unshed film of graphite, but it would seem
hat if a hundred strata of such films could be
riled in contact with each other, their combined
hicknesB would fall short of that of the thinnest
old leaf.
I Graphite or plumbago is also extensively
tBed fur the lubrication of machinery, and for
ruciblee, being entirely incombustible through
'Biug pure carbon. It is, when pure, & true
a«tallic carbon, and the iron of four to twelve
>er cent, that it contains is purely a mechani-
al combination.
A New Plan for Heating Dwellings.
Heating by hot air or steam is a wasteful use
of fuel. It is poor economy to heat air or wa-
ter and rely upon the cooling of those elements
for our enpply of warmth. We overlook the
fact that heat will travel quite as well alone as
in company.
Radiant bent, Bays the Scientific American,
the sort required for perfect heating, obeys
the same la vs as light. By proper arrange-
ment of reflectors and lenses, heat radiations
can be massed into beams of parallel ray-t, and
seoi where we will, with little or no wasting.
It is n< t until the radiations are arrested that
they become manifest as heat; a fact put to prac-
tical use two thousand yearn ago, when Archi-
medes burnt the nVet ofl' Syracuse with mir-
rors. A stream of heat vibrations, intense
enough to fuse gold, wonld pass through a
stream of ice without affecting it, provided the
air In the tube be sufficiently pure and dry.
There appears to be no g< o 1 reason, therefore,
why we should not warm our housea by the di-
rect distribution of pure beat, and so gain all
the benefits of an open fire in each room, with
none of its disadvantages.
Briefly described, the plan would involve a
central furnace; a system of tubes leading to
the different rooms terminated by radiators in
each room; a system of reflectors to throw the
heat of the furnace into the conducting tubes
in parallel rays, with other reflectors at the
bends and angles of the tubes to direct the
course of the radiations properly. The radia-
tors in the rooms might be placed so tbat every
portion would be flooded with light, yet no
part be heated beyond what would be enj »yable.
An nothing would enter the room from the fur-
uacs save pure h°at, the effect would be like
that of a room warmed by direct sunshine.
The surplus heat of the furnace might be util-
ized in warming an abundant supplv of fresh
air let in from out doors; a steady circulation
being kept up, from the ventilating chamber
through the rooms, by the draft of the furnace.
We should have then (theoretically) perfect
heating combined with perfect ventilation,
and at the same time the most economical com-
bustion of our fuel.
Possibly ihere maybe mechanical difficulties
to prevent the successful carrying out of a plan
of hou*-e heating of this Rort. We do not »n-
ticipate any, and the advantages it promises,
on the score of health, comfoit and economy,
certainly justify its trial by any one possessing
the >equisite means. The plan could be eas ly
tested in the laboratory of any insiitution hav-
ing a few lenses and reflectors. These sugges-
tions might afford a good opportunity for in-
ventors to exeioisa their ingenuity.
Photographic Parasols and Wearing Ap-
parel.
We have already alluded to the ufo of the
photographic art for the ornimentationof para-
sols. A late number of the Photographic News
contains an article upon the mmy subject in
illusion to its more.ext-nded application. The
same process, says that journal, i-t now being
furi her employed for printing handkerchiefs
and shirts; and. we were fortunate in seeing the
other diy some examples of what can be done
in this delicate fancy priming process. Some
handkerchiefs shown us bad at the corner two
or tbree butterflies most charmingly impressed,
the images having evidently been taken direct
from the inst-cts themselves. Other fabrics had
Bk- tcbes, evidently reproductions from wood-
cuts and engravings, obtained and printed by a
photo-mechanical process, all of them being of
a most delicate nature, such as could hardly be
secured from blocks or lithographic stones.
Photographic portraits of various kinds were
also to be seen impressed upon fabrics in the
same way; but these, perhaps, can scarcely be
called novelties, neither was the result so suc-
cessful as in the case of the other objects we
have meotioned. The prints were undoubtedly
all produced by fatty ink. and. would, nodouot,
be very permanently printed upon the fabric.
This method is much simpler and more satis-
factory than printing in the ordinary way by
silversalts; for very great care has to be exer-
cised in the latter case, and failures are far
from unfrequent, the dressing in the fabric be-
ing most difficult to remove aud apt to discolor
the silver print, Moreover, there are the
tronblesome operations of salting andalbumen-
izing, and flattening the stuff, which is by no
means an easy proceeding, any more than the
examination of the print in the pressure frame.
This photo-mechanical printing upon fabrics is
certainly an art to be cultivated.
The Baxter Canal Steam-boat. — Experts
and the public are becoming more and more
convinced of the eminent practicability of the
Baxter canal steamer. It has been determined
to put on a daily line of these boats to go
through from Buffalo to New York. These
boats will have twice the speed of carriage by
horse boat, and each steamer will carry the ton-
nage of a full railway freight train, aud will de-
liver in quick time, say three or four days at
most, in New York.
A New Belting Matebial. — In engineering
shopB in Germany a new kind of beltiag is be-
ing adopted. It is made from hair, presumably
that of the alpaca, and is delivered by the mak-
ers in a single piece without seam. It has a
coating which consists principally of minium.
It is spoken of as most satisfactory, and as be-
ing more durable than either gutta-percha or
leather.
Is the Ea/th Approaching the Sun?
Mr. It. A. Proctor, writing to the London
Times in regard to the idea that the earth is
gradually approaching the sun, says: " If ihe
earth bad, as has been stated, drawn nearer by
one-thirtieth of her former distance, the length
of Ihe year would have changed by one-twenti-
eth of its former length, or by eighteen days.
A change of only ten miles in the last 100
years would correspond to a change of more
than 300 miles since the length of the year was
first determined very exactly. This would be
about a three hundred tnousandth of the sun's
distance, and the length of the year would
have been changed by about a two hundred
thousandth part— that i*, by about two minutes
and a half. Now.it is known that the Chaldean
sidereal year, probably far more ancient than the
above reasoning assumes, contained 365 days,
6 hours and 11 minutes, being not quite two
minutes too great. The Bun's distance might,
therefore, be diminished by about eight miles
per century; but, in reality, we have no evi-
dence iu support of such a theory, seeing that
the Chaldeans professedly selected such a value
for the year as would make their 'saros' contain
an exact number of hours." "Considering that
astronomers will be well satisfied if they can
detrmine the Bnn's distance within 100,000
miles, it is clear," Mr. Proctor says, "that the
maximum change of distance we can admit, by
which 1,000,000 years would be required to
bring the earth 100,000 miles nearer to the sun,
is not a very important point in the inquiry."
The. observations of the recent transit have
been so recemly made that a comparison be-
tween tbem and those which will be made at
the transit in 1882, will show quite definitely
whether the earth's distance from the sun is
constant or not. Or if tbat time is too short,
astronomers will certainly be able to arrive at
definite conclusions at the next subsequent
transit, which will occur a hundred years later.
Until then, in fact, speculation will be useless.
The weight of evidence and observation up
to the present time is in favor of the perma-
nency of the earth and all other plan ts in
their orbits To use the language of a scientist
in the N. Y. World: "To change, materially,
our relations to the sun is to change everything.
The Bun, the great all-vivifying, all pulsating
heart of our system, regulates, directly or in-
directly, every circumstance in our physical
condition. If a change should be going on in
this relation, there will, doubtless, be compen-
sations which wilt enable us to accommodate
ourselves to our new environment. The as-
tronomers and physicists would set us an ex-
ample in this regard, since, if their unit of
measure is sensibly disturbed, pretty much all
their system w uld be disturbed, and they
would have all th ir cilcuiatio. s to make over
again. But whatever else bap ens, the great
primordial powers of nature will not suffer;
Kepler's a-td Newtou's 1 iws will govern the
universe all the same, and time, spao , eternity,
move ceaselessly upon tneir unsearchable ways,
without haste, withoutrest, for ever and ever."
Comets and Repulsive Force.
As the result of a suggestive paper by Faye.
on the forms of comets, ha stat -s that he has
been led to conclude with perfect certainty that
cometary phenomena reveal to us in the heav-
ens the existence of a second force totally dif-
ferent from attraction, and capable of playing
an important part, and p>oducing before our
eyes gigantic phenomena; that, with great
probability, this force is nothing less than the
repulsion due to heat. In order to demon -trate
experimentally the exigence of such a repulsion
(which is matfjematicably demonstrable on the
dynamic theory of gases), he advi-tes the fol
lowing arrangement: a jar of very rarefied air
is illuminate d by means of the sparks of an in-
duction apparatus; the glass bell jar iu which
the vacuum is to be made is traversed by two
wire conductors of the apparatus, the one ver-
tical and the other horizont 1, and the induc-
tion spark itself appears in the form of feebly
luminous rays whose colored stratifications
surround the horizontal conduotor with a lu-
minous sheath of well-marked blue color. The
horizontal wire having ber-n made with a thin
plate of platinum, an independent electric
current is passed through it, so as to render it
red-hot, aud immediately the blue-colored
sheath of rarefied air is repelled from the red-
hot platinum plate. After having made all
possible variations of this experiment, he con-
cludes that it demonstrates the repulsion be-
tween the heated platinum and air.
CORBENTS OF AlE WITHIN CrOLONES AND
Water- spouts. — In a memoir on cyclones and
water-spouts, Mouchez publishes some obser-
vations made by him while upon the ocean,
and which, if correct, are quite important.
According to him, at or near the surface of the
ground the current of air in the cyclone is al-
ways from below upward, while in whirl-
winds the movement is, on the contrary, from
above downward. In the former case the
winds are winds of aspiration; in the latter case
the wind descends from the cloud in the form
of a bag or tube, which terminates in a point.
He believes that water-epoutB have no relation
whatever to cyclones, having an opposite ap-
pearance and cause. In this opinion Benou
also concurs.
Gases Evolved by Molten Iron.
The author considers that gases evolved
from molten iron come from three sources.
1. They were dissolved by the iron while
melting in the furnace. 2. They were dis-
solved by contact of the molten iron with the
air. 3. They were dissolved by contact of
the molten metal with the mould.
1. The evolution of gas from gray iron is
small; the gas consists chiefly of hydrocarbons
or carbon iron oxide. From white iron more
pas is evolved, together with little particles of
iron, which are oxidiz-d in the air. Spiegel-
eisen evolves a peculiar white fuming gas,
which contains silica, and is probably silicon
fluoride.
The author thinks that the poorer an iron is
in combined carbon, the more readily does it
absorb gases containing carbou, while the
richer it is in carbon the more readily does it
dissolve gases containing hydrogen. The pri-
mary cause of the evolution of those gases
which have been dissolved in the furnace he
traces to the diminished pressure under which
the iron exists, as compared with the pressure
in the furnace.
2. By the action of the air, the surface of
the molten iron becomes oxidized. In iron
containing much carbon the oxygen is trans-
ferred from the air by means of the metallic
surfa e to the carbon, which it oxidizes to car-
bon monoxide, which again bubbles up through
the molten mass; hence it is in such irons tbat
we find the greatest amout of blisters on the
surface after cooling. White irons show fewer
of these, and spiegeleiseu solidifies with a
smooth surface.
3. As the mould into which the molten
iron is ran always contains water, this water if
vaporized by contact with the liquid iron, the
steam thus generated is partly given off as gas,
and partly decomposed, hydrogen being
evolved and iron oxide being formed. Again,
if the iron contains sulphur, this, by reacting
on the Bteatn. will form sulphuretted hydrogen,
whioh is often formed in the cooled iron. — A.
Ledebur, Chem. Center, 1873.
Tne Universal Diffusion of Heat the End
of all Energy.
Professor Balfour Stewart recently delivered
a very interesting lecture in Manchester, Eng-
land, on the "Energies of Light and Heat."
The lecturer explained the two great laws of
thermo-dynamics, one of which, determining
the quantity of mechanical energy necessary to
produce one degree of heat, had been discov-
ered by the eminent Mr. Joule, and the other,
being the law according to which heat might be
converted into work, the establishment of
which law was greatly due to the labors of Sir
William Thomson.
This latter law showed that no work ould
be obtained out of heat unless we had a fall of
heat from a higher to a lower degree, just as
we could get no work out of water unless it fell
from a higher to a lower level. Upon this
principle the uses of the boiler and condenser
in a steam engine were explained, and in the
Work done by the globe, it was shown that the
heat pass- d from a great boiler in the shape of
the equator to condensers in the shape of the
poles. Our winds were due to the passing, in
obedience to this principle, of the heat from the
equator to the poles. While all work, as in the
boring of a cannon or in friction, could be
changed into heat, all heat conld not be changed
into work. According to this principle of the
universe, the universal diffusion of heat would
ultimately be the fate of all energy.
While the principle of the conservation of
energy was quits true, there was also another
principle equally true called the dissipation of
energy. That was, as it were, the great com-
munist of the world. It tended to distribute
itself < qua ly in such a way tbat no work oonld
be got out of it, and would ultimately bring
the visible universe to an end, at least, so far
as available energy was concerned. Heat de-
noted two kinds of energy, namely, absorbed
heat and radiaut light and heat. Hit bodies
parted with their heat to cold bodieB by three
processes — conduction, convection and radia-
tion.
Combustion.— The heat produced in "Blak-
ing " lime is due to the intensity of the chem-
ical action. ' It is in reality combustion. The
lime has a strong affinity for water, and unites
with it to form a hydrate. Chemical combina-
tion is regularly attended with the evolution of
heat. This is illustrated in our ordinary meth-
ods of obtainiug heat by the burning of fuel,
which is simply a process of oxidation. If a
piece of iron is ignited in a jar of oxygen gas,
it burns quickly with a great heat. If the
same piece of iron is allowed to rust away in
the air, it is none the leas burned, though
slowly ; and the whole amount of heat produced
is precisely the same as in its quick combus-
tion in oxygen gas.
Darwinism. — There ia one objection to Dar-
winism, says a late writer, to whioh little, if
any, attention has been given: For example, the
nearest creatures to man in form are not the
nearest in intellect. The elephant, and dog
and horse, which have no affinity to man have a
far closer intellectual affinity than those pets of
Darwinism, the gorilla and chimpanzee. Again,
man is omnivorous— the stronger races of men,
from the Greeks before Troy to the English of
to-day, are primarily carnivorous. But no
monkeys are carnivorous. If a man is to be
developed from a lower creature, he is nearer
to the monkey inform, but to his faithful friend
the dog in mind.
236
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April io, 1875
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
.«<! ;
'%
Last Week.
Thtjebdat, Apeil 1.
mobning 8eb8iok.
470 Alpha
480 Be?t& Belcher.
420 Beloher
511) Bulli n *i8(a^(J
3768 California 05^61;
10 Ohollar 67"'"
2030 Crown Point 3i
830 Confidence
50 Caledonia lSia-ia.'!,
545 Empire Mill "<(«V;>
215 Uould <fc furry. ..19>2@2U
250 Gold Hill Quartz 4
250 Hale & Norcross, "
1810 Imperial....
170 Justice
160 Julia
960 Kentuck....
250 L uiv Bryan
630 Mt-xican
905 Uphir 101@lUa
400 Overman 5SJ@6(J
120 Savage 134@138
185 Sierra Nevada.... 1^ \%%
10 See- Belcher 105
7(J Succor 11%
850 Union Con 83f~"
574 Vellow Jacket 93i
AFTERNOON SESSION.
300 American Flat Waii
295 Alta r...3«@4M
2B20 Andes $i£@9%
595 Belmont J'-.^-l'i
BO Baltimore %%.
200 Chariot Mill 60c
135 Challenge 6'a(5
170 Duvton 3M@3j
20 Eclipse 7,'
320 Empire Idaho ,
12J5 Eureka Con 22@',_
400 Franklin 1%
15 Golden Chariot i"
150 Glohe :
185 IdaEllmore 3&(
10U0 Jacob Little
40 Knickerbocker
425 Kossuth 1U{
450 Leo V4m
150 Lady Washington 1%
320 Meadow Valley.. "'
300 Mansfield
20 Mahogany 9^
200 Mint 40c
405 Niagara 75:580c
850 New York 333^
100 Ordinal Gold Hill.
270 Phil Sheridan
150 Pacific
160 Poorman
800 Prussian 2k@2&
50 Pioche 4
185 Raymoud.iElr.40>£@41M
20 Rye Patch 1%
1000 Rock Island 5M@5>4
295 Silver Hill \oWsiil
645 South Chariot 1&
915 Woodville 2&@3
1515 War Eagle 4^@5
Friday, Apbu. 2.
morning session.
95 Alpha...
325 Belcher
50 ....b20
625 Boat & Belcher. ,53@51?4
10 ....b 30 53
220 Bullion..... ....45M@40*
4rf5 Baltimore Con ttMfSjv
960 Crown Point 38@3!
1340 California 62^®63
50 ....b30 63^
30 Caledonia 17®!?%
345 Confidence *>.2@22^
95 Oon "Virginia.... 45U@455
290 Ohollar 6334(g>6:
60 Empire Mill b%®\
5 Exchequer 330
890 Gould & Curry.. .|9@19J4
125 Hale <k Norcross... 455i46
365 Imperial
20 Justice
95 Knicker \h
40 Kentuck 1"@17M
290 Lady Bryan eW&ti
1010 Mexican 27?4@-'8
725 Overman 55M57
1225 Ophir...
10 ....b 10
30 Savage 1300132}^
145 Sierra Nevada. U>2(ail2ki
10 Seg Belcher KB
29S Union Oon 9d83s
110 Yellow Jacket... 82yB@9U
AFTERNOON SESSION-
m Alta 4^1
330 American Flat... .9®^
2635 Andes S@Sk
42'i Belmont 5(g}4-t»
100 Booth 50c
10 City Gas.' 97"£
300 Challenge 6JS
1070 ''Odmopolttan 30c
50 Dayion ....3^
100 Dardanelles '•'
45 Eureka Con 2:
25 ....s 10 . 2
10 Euieka Grass Valley. ..!
100 Empire Idaho... . 176'a/
130 Golden Chariot 41
55 Ida Elmore *%
400 Jacob Little 1'4
2i5 Kossuih 2M
300 Leo 1^
150 Leviathan 1^
2» Mendow Valley...
315 Mahogany !
l'O Mint 40e
750 Newark
550 New York 3fi3.'
..37
..2.S,
50 Orig Gold Hill
45 Pioche
200 Pi.-che West Ex
200 Prussian
150 Poorman
9;0 Phil Sheridan V&
250 Pioneer I
160 Raymond A Ely 41
290 RyePatoh..
240 Rook I land.
1)00 South Chariot 1%
645 Silver Uill 10-ya9%j
20 Senator 87j£c
100 Wash & Creole 1
500 Webfoot 75a
....blO T
475 War Eagle 4?4"(_
490 Wondville 2lf
200 ...b30 '1%
390 Wells Kargo 30c@35c
Saturday, April 3.
morning session.
25 Alpha 21?b@21,^
485 Belcher 35!£@'J6>£
3i 0 ... .b 30 36;2(fll3' &
335 Best & Belcher. . 52a;51^
25 Baltimore Con
25 ....b 10
450 Bullion 45^@hj
740 California 62%(q)6a
240 Ouollar fi6(c""
750 Crown Point 37>£<L
100 ....b 30 38-i.i
200 ....B30 37S.j.;i-
200 Confidence WaV.' ,
85 Con Virginia Jfti,i lio
15 Caledonia.
»00 Challenge.
10 Exchequer 31t)
12U Empire Mill "
120 Gould & Curry. ,.19MU-
150 Globe \lAi
45 Hale & Noro'ross.45!^@)6
410 Imperial 9
150 Julia....
135 Justice..
170 Kentuck 17^1 m
50 „..b30 ..7.n&
30 Knicker., 5
170 Lady Bryan .6
490 Mexican 28M@J8^
50 ....b 2 28^
1020 Ophir 100@102!-fc
80 ....b5 I02,^@10i
130 overman 55jg@57
75 ....b 30 -'8
20 Savage 130
150 Sierra Nevada W4@V2X4
80 Succor \%®\lA
325 Silver Hill 10*vg»3£
215 Utah m
1145 Un-on Con... 9@8W
270 Y Jacket 8i@92
This Week.
Monday, April 5.
morning sesbion.
835 Ophir 100@973^
715 Mexican .28(^27!^
10 ... b 30 28>g
105 Gould &Curry.l8^(g.l&;.'4
370 Best & Belcner 52@5l
100 ,...s30 M
35 Savage 128@130
220 Ohollar ". 64-.a;65
110 Hale & Norcross... .45.0)43
580 Crown Point... Ti'.jta/dl?.,
195 Yellow Jacket 88(^89
275 Imperial 8K
140 Empire Mill..: V&
195 Kentuck Hi&@lKK>
280 Alpha 19@2U
220 Belcher 3a^(a36
15 Oonlidence 22^
170 Con Virginia 4f;0
110 Sierra Nevada 12
1390 California (>3@63i£
205 Bullion 45^^46
20 Seg Belcher 105
290 Overman 57M@57
50 ....b 5 57H
135 Union Con 8&@8«
200 Lady Bryan 57fj
60 Succor 1>£
95 Caledonia WtylrA
115 Knicker *■%($$
H"0 Globe ....1:^
110 Baltimore Con 9
50 Utah »>
2)15 Silver Hill 10
250 Dayton .3
300 Rocklslanil &&8H
215 New York 3%
25 Phil Sheridan ),%
350 American Flat 9%
50 Tyler Mc
4,50 Alta .4@5
430 Woodville 2^@2%
AFTERNOON SESSION.
30 Occidental V..3M
420 Andes
300 „..b 30
790 Belmont
100 Booth 50c
10 Beach &. Paxton 4
125 Cherry Creek 1
850 Cosmopolitan... 25c'«30o
355 Eureka Con 22&@22
380 Golden Chariot.. 4&@4#
200 Kossuth 2»«4
400 Lady Wash 1%@2%
400 Leviathan V/&
260 Meadow Valley. .-7(s)6?6
170 Mansfield 7
50 Mahogany '0
500 Mint 40o
50 Niagara 7£o
550 Orig Gold Hill 2
500 Orig Flowery.... 2%@2!£
250 Poorman 4J$
50 Prussian 2;^
J00 Pioche West Ex 1
185 Raymond & Ely .41.!i(g/43
150 Rye Patch 1%
500 South Chariot...l:1., !(f.-l ■"■■„
150 War Eagle a<s)5J£
Tuesday, Apbil 6.
..8^
MOBNIMG SESSION.
450 Alta fi@5^
130 American Hat 9-M
80 Alpha 19a2'i
390 Belcher 36@36M
lOti Biltimore Oon...B3i(A^
200 Bacon 4
40 Bullion 43ii@43
595 Best & Belcher.. ,MJJ4(g)51
45 Uh liar 64fa)B7
69i Crown Point 37@37^
50 „..b 30 37.^
50 Con Virgii. ia 450@45l
090 California 63@62W
30 Caledonia 17
50 Challenge 1
95 Dayton 3M
50 Dardanelles 3M
90 Empire Mill 7
cO Gi>uld&Curry...l9o.l914
120 Hale & Norcross.44@43;ij
10 ....b 30 45
170 Imperial 8i^(aj8^
40 Julia ; :i
170 Knicker 5
3.^0 Kentuck IbM©^
63u Lady Bryan 5
476 Mexican 27(S)27M
1110 New VorkCon...2?A@3iJ6
290 Uphir 9iig)96
150 Overman 59@5B
150 Oucidental 4
■ 25 Phil Sher dan 1^
655 Rook It land 5
4il Savage 127
55 Si«rraNevada,.l!^@ll%
140 Succor 1«
46 1 Silrer Hill lUS^I 1M
50 Tyler 6llc
255 Union Con 8J4
580 Woodville ?&^2&
135 Yellow Jacket.. ,85>£@87
AFTERNOON SESSION,
100 American Flue 1\i
sWS Andes 6u5
10U ...,b30 6g)6
320 Bullion \\fc&\K
100 Booth .T20c
70 Beach Jt Paxton 4
100 uherry Mill \.
350 CosinopoIitaQ.ayJ^c@30o
455 Eureka Coo TZ'^&ii
50 hureka „.9
240 Golden Chariot. .3litt.458
130 l<la Elmore ?.... i
v(40 Ko-suih 2K@2>d
550 Leopard 2$
200 Leviathan 1«
170 Lady Wash J&
^0 Meadow Valley 6%
140 Mansfield 7
150 Mahogany M@9J4
16' Mint 40o
650 Niagara 80c
70 Orig Gold Hill 2
500 Pioche WestEx 1
550 Prussian m
500 Pioche iy,@2
1000 Prospect... 2
890 Poorman .j!*
300 Ruvmond & Ely..42^@l2
175 Rye Patch 2{jTut2^
400 South Chariot. ..1M(0>1>b
50 Seg Rook Island...... ..I
350 War Eagle 5%®5M
10j Wells-Fareo ^c
Wednesday, April 7.
morning session.
420 Bullion 44W@15!4
245 Overman .in@62
25 Seg Belcher 71 10
40 Justice 120@122&
400 Succor l^@lJ<i
990 Union Con 8@^
1605 Lady Bryan 4fe!4J6
65 Julia 6%
40 Ccledonla 17^(5117^
20 ...,s30 .T.nA
400 Knicker. 5
295 Globe \%,
260 Baltimore Uon. ..8iV®8%
50 Bacon 5
Silver Hill 11
Challenge BM
Eclipse 6
Dardanelles.
Dayton 3M
New York 3
Occidental 3&@4
Rock Island 5,..'<i1.!'>.J
Ophir Wu'.m
....bao 91(oJ9. jK
..-.b5 90@91
Mexican 26@2H'0
Gould & Curry 18^
Best & Belcher . .49(2)49,4.
Savage 125
Oboliar
Hale & Noroross..-^
Crown Point b7@.6
Yellow Jacket 82fg(8J
Imperial BVai*1-.-;
Empire Mill.
Kentuck
520 Savage..
...lo@I6^
16&
...35;U@36
455
460
. .22
550 Alpha
135 Belcher
225 Con Virgiuia.
20 ....b 10.. .J...
50 Cotintlenoe. . .
100 Sierra Nevada.. llMwi'l.1"
2095 California 62@62^
150 biO "-
AFTERNOON SESSION
60 Am Flat
570 Alta
100 ..do. a 10 6
199i Andes ft^@5M
190 ..do..b 30.'. bH
190 Belmont 4)$©4>4
70 Beech & Pax 4ta)4!*
100 Booth
250 Cosmopol
30flCPRav 20@25c
34o En Con 2U@22&
150 ..do..s90 22
105 EurekaG V 9
$ 85 Gold chariot 4i£
120 I Elmore,
370 Jefferson ,
3U0 Kossuth 2S4
400 Leopani 7&~"
12i Lady Washington. 1%
900 Leviathan ...l&fi..,.,
250 Meadow Val 6i4@6*fi
25 ,.do..b 5 6JK
195 Mansfield 7
35 Mahogany 10
10 Mint 35@379{
745 Manara 75c
3D OrG H. ..
835 Pioche W Ex.
160 Pioche 3@3^
, 500 Prussian 2S(gW
200 Poorman 7^5
50 Phil Sheridan.. ..U£@l&
100 Pacific 1
500 Prospect 3
600 Pioneer 1^
260 RayAEly 42K@42
120 Rye Patch 2ii
100 ..do. .s 10 iM
525 SOhar Ijy
150 Senator 1@1»/,
455 Tyler 62&62Ji
961 Woodvi
10 . do..b 10 2%
1700 Wells-Fargo....a4@27>£o
Thursday, April 7.
morning session.
100 Alpha 20
136 Am Flat ..* 9a9!^
800 Best* Belcher.. ..49@50
360 Belcher 355sfoJ36
185 Bullion 45ii(a)47
80 Bacon 4Jfi
tO Baltimore Con . . .8&(gj8%
1770 California 6l@fil^
9 0 Crown Point.. 3.6J£@37Ja
115 CbollarPotosi...6d^@6i
210 Con Virginia 455 01450
195 Caledonia 17^tol8
630 Confidence 21®il^
50 Daney %
■10 Davton a
70 Dardanelles 3@3M
140 Gould & Curry. ..18@18>$
200 Globe l(o)l&
165 Hale & Norcros. . 42@43
455 Imperial 8Js>'a)8%
225 Justice 13.i@l4'>
100 Julia 7
160 Knickerbocker 5
22 > Kentuck 152i@16
830 Larly B.yan 4a@5M
1470 Mexican 2-il£Wji!6
20 New York 3
575 Ophir 86&87is'
450 Overmao 6U^j63
i20 Rock Island 5^io,5^
20 Savage 12 (0)122
205 silver Hill 10%©)11
300 Sierra Nevada... ll^(q)12
5 SegBelcher 110
1110 Union Con 8@8^
50 Utah 454^5
400 Woodville 2}ftg)2K
180 Yellow Jacket. . .85^86^
AFTERNOON BES3ION.
2180 Andes 5%@5%
2 0 Am Flag-. 2M@2M
2000 Bocth 50o
100 Beech & Paxton 4
3(0 Cosmopolitan 30c
770 Eureka Con. . . .22lA@->>^
170 Golden Chariot 6J4
20U Jda Ellmore 3jif@4
170 Jeffeison 7
190 Leopard 9ltei»
230 Leviathan ljtf'fl'2
315 Meadow Valley 7
90 Mansfield 7
30 Mahogany )0
25 North Carson '\%
90OGHill 2
g909 Pioneer 134
900 Prospect 2®21i
430 Poorman 4S@5
300 Raymond A Ely 43(5)45
600 Rye Patch 2@2h
50 Silver Cord 2
1050 Wells-P'argo 25@30o
150 War Eagle 5@5,^
Mining Stocks.
The mining stock market is rather depressed
at present, there being no special excitement
in any line of stocks. Of course, as usual,
Washoe stocks are in the ascendant, although
some people have fond hopes of a rise in Idaho
and Ely stocks. These rises have not come
yet, however, and on the Ely side an "Irish
dividend" of $5 per share has rather dampened
the ardor of holders. Still, the piles of machin-
ery which have gone to the Raymond & Ely
mine must be paid for, and if the mine does
not pay for it, the stockholders must. There
are several assessments running on the Idaho
stocks also, as usual. On tbe Comstock every-
thing is running quietly on; new machinery is
going up, new shalts being sunk, and the peo-
ple have preat faith in most of the mines. The
Consolidated Viiginia mine has declared its
dividend of $10 per share this month, which
makes a total of |l,080,000, a pretty good run
for one mine to pay pf-r month, and far exceed-
ing the amount of assessments on many others.
The clean-up for the month of March (exclud-
ii>g last clean-up and not yet heard from) was
$1,573,964, wbich after paying the dividend
and deducting $250,000 expenses, leaves $243,-
964 balance tu the surplus fund. The total
jieldforthe month was probably $1,500,000,
and if mills could be had to crush the ore the
yield could be increased to $2,000,000 per
month. The largest month's production of the
Btloher was in May, 1873, when it paid a div-
idend of $1,040,000. Half a dozen mines like
the Consolidrtted Virginia ought to make the
whole coast prosperous.
Industrial Items.
The contracts for constructing the Petaluma
woolen mill have been let, and the foundation
for the building, which was commenced last
Friday, is already finished; and it is expected
that the structure will be completed by the
first of May, at -which time a portion of the
machinery for the mill will arrive from the
East. It is now expected that the mill will be
completed and in running order by the middle
of June,
A flock of 500 Angora goats, says the Bakers-
field Courier, are now at Mr. S: B. Inman's
place, on Old liver. They arrived there about
three weeks ago from the Salinas valley, and
the proprietor is in search of a suitable* range
for them in that county.
H. B. Abbott, of Big Meadows, has taken a
contract to cut 750,000 feet of lumber for the
Dutch Hill mining company.
Sixty new buildings have been erected in
Ventura during the past 100 days.
The Truckee Republican says the railroad
boys Btate that there are numbers of men mak-
ing their way back East, completely "dead
broke." They travel on the railroad, on foot
when they must, and on the trains when they
During the month of March the broom fac-
tory at Vallejo sold 1,534 dozen brooms; and of
wood and willow ware about $4,000 worth.
The greater part of the brooms were for the
home market, but a portion were shipped to
| Australia.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Frees and
other S. F. Journals.'!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS
Company.
Location. No. Ami.
American Flag 11 i ill Co
Andes S M Go
Adams Hill Cons M Oo
AlpsSM Oo
American Flat M Co .
Atlantic & Pacilic Cons M Co
B»con 11 i M Co
Belh-vue M Co
Booth G M Oo
Buckeye G & S M Co
Caledonia S M Co
Chariot Mill i M Co
Clierry Creek 11 A M Co
chief of the Hiil MOo
Crown Point Ravine S M Co
Daney G & S M Oo
Davton G &. S M Co
Globa Cons M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Imnerial S M Co
Independent G M Co
Julia G & SMCo
Justice M Co
K K Cons M Co
Kossuth M Co
Lady Bryan M Co
Mammoth Silver M Co
Meaduw Valley M Co
Mexican G & SMCo
Monitor Belmont M Co
New York M Co
Overman S M Co
Phil Sheridan G & S M Co
Pictou M Co
Pioche West Extension M Co
Prussian GiSMCo
Raymond & Elv M Oo
Ruck Island C .t S II Oo
Savage M Co
Senator Silver M Oo
Silver Cord M Co
Silver Hill M Co
South Ohariot M Oo
St Patrick G M Co
Starr King M Co
Sutro M Co
Victoria & Imperial TAMCo
"Ward Keecher Cons M A M Co Nevada 4
Ward Ellis S M Co RobinBon Distriot 3
Wahineton A Creole M Co Ely District 14
Wells Fargo M Co Washoe 1
Woodville Cons S M Co Washoe 1
Washoe 7
Washoe 4
Eureka Nev 6
Ely District B
Washoe 5
Cal 11)
Washoe 3
Cal 11
cal 1
Washoe 13
Washoe 11
San Diego Cal 2
Nevada 2
Washoe fl
Washoe 2
Wa>hoe 13
Washoe 2
Washoe 5
Idaho 13
Washoe 21
Cal 8
Washoe 21
Washoe 14
Eureka Nevada
Washoe 3
Washoe 6
Nevada 18
Ely District B
Washoe 1
Nevada
Washoe 3
Washoe 31
Washoe 2
Washoe 7
Washoe 7
Washoe 4
Piocbe 4
Washoe 7
Washoe 17
Washoe 11
Iinlio 8
Washoe 5
Idaho 13
Cal 10
Washoe
Washoe
Utah
ON THE LIST OF
Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale.
is
50
3 U0
50
35
51)
1 00
75
2 DO
1 U0
£0
2 00
3 00
1 00
50
1 (10
50
50
5 00
1 00
5 00
10
Mar 26
Feb 25
Feb 16
Feb 10
Feb 8
Mar 9
Mar 9
Feb 17
Mar 31
Mar 4
Mar 9
Feb 17
Feb 17
Mar 26
Mar 12
Mar 22
Feb 16
Mar 18
Mar 8
Feb 10
Maris
Feb 12
Maris
April 2
Feb 25
Mar IB
Feb 25
Feb 11
War 22
Marl6
Feb 16
Marl6
Jan2i
Mar 2
MarlO
Mar 24
April I
Mar 11
Feb If)
Feb 25
Mar 27
Feb 16
Mar 30
Feb 2
Feb 25
Feb 17
Feb 26
Feb 27
Feb 10
Feb 18
Mar 17
Mar 25
Miiy 4
Mar 29
Mar 24
Mar 22
Mar 15
April 1 4
April 12
Mar 23
May 3
April 10
April 13
Mar 22
Mar 22
April 3D
April 12
April 28
Mar 23
April 22
April 12
Mar 17
April 19
Mar 18
April 20
May 6
Mar 13
April 19
April 3
Mar 23
April 26
April 19
Mar 23
April 20
Mar 2
April 3
April 17
May 3
May 10
April 15
Mar 24
April 3
April 1
M«rl9
May 4
Mar 8
Mar 31
Mar 22
April 2
April 8
Mar 18
Mar 23
April 21
April T
May 28
April 14
April 16
April 12
Apr 5
MayS
May 1
April 14
May 25
April 29
Mayl
April 14
April 15
May 20
April 29
May 20
April 13
May 12
Mayl
April 7
May 10
April 6
May 20
May 9
April 21
Mav7
April 28
April 20
May 14
May 17
April 12
May 10
Mar 30
April 23
May 7
May 22
June 5
May 7
April 12
April 23
April 22
Anril 9
May 25
Mar 31
April 19
April 8
April 27
May 6
April 12
April 12
May 10
May 17
THE BOARDS.
Secretary. Place of Business.
Geo R Spinney 320 California St
M Landers 607 Montgomery st
W W Traylor 408 California st
O D Squire Cor California & Mont
C A Sankey
A Noel
Edward May
D F Verdenal
Geo R spinney
C H SRnhey
K Wegener
F Swift
D F Verdenal
Charles 8 Neat
J MBuffington
Geo R Spinney
W E Dean
J Maguire
L Knplan
WE Dean
Ge<i T Grimes
ANnel
J S Kennedy
B B Minor
E F Stern
Frank Swift
S A Jennings
J WColburn
J W A Coleman
W W Hopkins
H C Kibbe
Geo D Edwards
W R Townsend
S Philips
T L Kimball
R H Brown
J W Oolburn
J W Clark
EB Holmes
J H Sayre
Frank Swift
W R Dean
O H Bogart
D F Verdenal
Louis K ' plan
G W R King
Wm H Wat -on
D A Jennings
J M BufSngcon
F D Oleary
C A Sankey
W M He! man
331 Mcintcomery st
419 California Bt
41 9 California st
409 California st
320 California st
331 Montgomery st
414 California st '
419 California st
409 California st
4U» California st
Merchants' Ex
320 California st
419 California at-
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
419 California st
240 Montgomery st
419 Calif .rniast
Merchants' Ex
411.^ California st
41*) California st
419 California st
401 California st
418 California Bt
419 California st
■Jli1.. California Bt
419 California Bt
414 California st
330 Pine at
408 California st
409 California st
402 Montgomery tt
418 California st
419 California st
10 StevenBon'sBldg
411) California Bt
419 California at
402 Montgomery st
409 California at
Merchants' Ex
431 California st
302 Montgomery Bt
401 California st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
331 Montgomery st
401 California st
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alhambra Q M Co . Cal
AlpineGM&MCo Cal
Arizona & Utah M Co Washoe
Booth GM Co Placer Co Cal
Cascade Blue Gravel M Co
Cederberg G M Co
CienecaP M Co
Cincinnati GiSMCo
Edith Q M Co
El Doaado State Oo
Electric M Co
Emma Hill Cons M Co
Enterprise Coos M Co
Excelsior Q M Co
Fresno QS M Co
Geyser QSM.Cn
Golden Crown M Co
Home G M. Co
Illinois Central MCn
Independence Cons M Co
International Gold M Co
Interna tional G M Co
Kentucky G A S M Co
Lake Countv Q S M Oo
Los Prietos M Co
Mariposa L & M Co
New York Cons M Oo
Orleans M Co
Pauper M Oo
Phoenix Tunnel & M Co
Ro(fky Bar M Co
Sun Jose M Co
Silver Oloud G & S M Oo
Silver Peak M Co
Silver Sprout M Co
Stanislaus R'vi r M Co
Theresa M & M Co
Tuolumne Hydraulic M Co
Utah S M Co
Weave rville D & H M Co
Woodville G <fc S M Co
Cal
Mexico
Cal
Cal
Cal
Cal
Utah
Cal
Oal
Cal
Oal
Cal
Nevada Co Cal
Idaho
Cal
Cal
Oal
Washoe
Cal
Oal
Cal
Washoe
Cal
Idaho
Utah
Egan Canon
Oal
Washoe
Cal
Cal
Cal
Oal
Washoe
Cal
Washoe
5 Mar 21
1 25 Feh 11
75 MarlB
15 Mar 31
10 Mar 8
50 Mar 8
50 Mar 5
10 Mar 17
30 MarlO
15 Mar 4
5 .Feb 16
40 Jan 29
25 Mar 15
25 Mar 20
25 Mir -J
50 Mar 15
5 Mar 31
50 Feb 13
50 Mar 22
2 50 Feb 4
15 Mar 2
15 Mar 2
2^ Mar 18
10 MarlO
50 Mar 6
1 00 Mar 10
50. Febl«
1 00 Mar 16
75 Mar 4
25 Feb 15
10 Mar 3
5 00 Jan 27
25 Feb 8
50 Mar 29
6 Feb 17
40 April 1
20 Mar 13
20 Feb 23
2 00 Mar 19
50 Feb2B
1 00 Mar 25
April 26
Mar 23
April 22
Mav3
April 13
April 9
April 5
April 26
April 22
April 5
Mar 22
Mar 8
April 24
April 26
April 10
April 23
Mayl
Mar 24
April 27
Mar 13
April 6
May 5
Anrll28
April 15
April 12
April 14
Mar 23
April 21
April 10
Mar 23
April 14
Mar 8
Marl5
Mav 6
April 17
May 5
April 14
Mfrr25
April 21
Mar 29
April 23
May 15
April 14
Alay 12
May 25
Mav 3
April 30
April 22
May 17
Mav 14
April 20
April 12
April 5
M«y 18
May 15
May 3
May 16
May 20
April 16
Mav 20
April 2
April 26
May 24
May 22
May 4
May 3
May 3
April 12
May 10
May 3
April 12
May 8
April 13
April 12
May 28
June 17
May 22
Mayl
April 17
May 11
April 21
Mayl7
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
R Von Pfister
J F Lighmer
J Maguire
G R Spinney
J M Burlington
D M Bokee
WR Townsend
Wm Small
Wm Stuart
Hui.-h Elias
T B Wingard
G J Cole
F J Hermann
R Von Pfister
R Wegener
Ford H Rogers
Daniel Buck
F J Hermann
R H Rrown
F .1 Hermann
J M Buffington
J M Bufflog'on
R Goldsmith
A Balrd
S H Smith
L Leavitt
H O Kibbe
J F Nesmith
W F Bryant
OSHenly
J POavallier
A Carrlgan
A A Enquisfc
G T Graves
T B Wingard
W Stuart
B F H ckson
IT Mil liken
W E Dean
F H Rogers
W M Helman
Merchant*' Ex
433 California st
419 California st
320 California st
Merchants' Ex
216 Sansome Bt
33ii Pine st
531 California t>t
113 Liedesdorffat
416 Montgomery at
318 California st
302 Montgomery st
418 Kearny et
Merchants' Ex
414 Call' ornia at
Academy Bldg
14 Stevenson's Bldg
418 Kearny at
402 Montgomery st
418 Kearny st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
lo- Sansome st
iUH California st
Montgomery Av
401 California st
419 California st
315 California at
402 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
513 California Bt
109 Front at
71 New Montg'y Bt
240 Montgomery st
318 CflHforni'iSt
113 Leidesdorffst
408 California st^.
302 MonteomBry st ^
419 California st
330 Pine st
401 California Bt
Name of Co. L
Barcelona Cons M Co
Franklin M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Golden Chariot M Oo
Illinois Central M Co
Keystone (1 A 2) Q & S M Oo
Providence G & S M Co
Shasta Bullion G St S M Oo
Wyoming G M Co
Waehoe
Idaho
Idaho
Cal
Oal
Secretary.
J P Moore
Wm H Watson
Called by Trustees
Called by Trustees
R H B'own
W R Townsend
Called bv Trustees
Called by Trustees
J M Buffington
Office in SP.
426 California st
302 Montgomery st
419 California fit
Merchants' Ex
402 Montgomery at
330 Pine at
Ills Leidesdorff st
Merchants' Ex
Meeting-.
Annual
Annual
Special
* special
Special
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Date,
May-
Mar 2,
April \
April oi
April f»
Apn lj
April n*
April S*
April ii
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
Name of Co. Location. Secretary.
months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Belcher M. Co.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot H & M. Co
Cons Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Waahoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe ObarlesHFish
Washoe C E Elliott
N. c.Fasset
Nev WW Traylor
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4i9 California st
401 California at
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California Bt
409 California st
Amount.
3 00
25
40
10 00
200
1 00
£0
Payable.
.Tan 11
Mar 17
Nov 16
Apr 12
Jan 12
Jan, 25
Apr 2
Mar 5
IINING lUMMARY.
The following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in the interior. in proximity to the mines mentioned
California-
AMADOR-
Amadob Quicksilver Mines. — Amador Ledger,
April 3. "We learn from Mr. C. H. Turner, re-
cently from the above mine, that two of the
retorts are now in active operation, reducing
about 900 pounds of ore daily and from that
quantity turning out 100 pounds of quicksilver,
and which daily turn out will be greatly in-
creased when the retorts are thoroughly heated
up and in good workiug condition. The ore so
far reduced, has paid over ten per cent, and a
large-iocreaBe may be confidently expected. A
tunnel is now being run to the lowest level
whi h, when completed, will greatly facilitate
work and lessen the cost of extracting the ore.
The mine, as work progresses, gives promise of
great and permanent value.
Pkospeots. — We learn other, and very flat-
tering cinnabar prospects have been discovered
in the vicinity of the Amador, and which will
be thoroughly proven. Evidently, from the
quantity of float ore found in the neighborhood,
there must exist a heavy deposit of metal bear-
ing rock in the vicinity. The energy now
being displayed in prospecting the country
will undoubtedly lead to the great store-house
from whence the float has been thrown. To
the Amador company belongs the credit of ex-
tracting the first quicksilver ever taken from
native ore in the foot-hills.
CALAVERAS.
The San Bruno Mine Fire. — Calaveras
Chronicle, April 3: Last Monday morning at
about 3 o'clock, the underground works of the
San Bruno Mine, at Mosquito, owned by
Messrs. Hoerchner, Seigler & Key, waB discov-
ered to be on fire. The fire originated from
the Bmoke stack of the engine, which is situ-
ated in the lower tunnel of the mine, which
extends about 500 ft in from the mouth, and
extends to the upper tunnel, a distance of
100 ft or more. This pipe, which is
used for the escape of smoke and steam,
is eleven inches in diameter, and in some
places comes in close contact with the heavy
timbers that are used in the mine. They
have been usiug considerable pine wood for
fuel in running their engine lately, which ere- ,
ates a greater amount of soot than most any
other quality of wood that can be used. The
supposition is that the soot in the pipe ignited,
and by so d?ing rendered it hot enough to set
fire to the timbers which are inclose proximity.
A large force of men were set to work to nose
up every avenue through which a breath of air
could reach the flames. The mine has been
kept in that condition since last Monday, and
up to the time of going to press, Friday after-
noon, it has not been opened.
"West Point Items — Ch ampion. — Calaveras,
Citizen, April 3: The recent clean up at this
mine may be said to demonstrate the fact that
April 10, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
237
deep mining in that district will pay. Rock We hear of an important mining diecoveryVtbat
which will pay $180 per ton, and such as two
men can take ont at th* rate of not less than
one-half ton per day, is proty good.
Lone Star.— Ore from this min* is now be-
ing reduced at Carleton's mill. The immense
body of good ore now opened, renders this the
king mine of the district.
Max»ka.— Henry & Son have a portion of
their milling machinery running on rock taken
from the mine— good ore too — while the bal-
ance of the reducing works are devoted to
custom services.
Josephine. — Operations are industriously
prosecuted, and a good mine developing.
Gouldeon and Herbert are taking out ore above
the bottom of tbe shaft, and as sonn as finished
they will commence sinking. At the lowest
depth attained, the ore " horns " an ounce to
the cargo.
el dorado-
Fine Ncoobt. — Mountain Democrat, (Placer-
ville), April 3: At the Granite Tunnel claim,
Smith's Flat, Messrs. Partridge, Lucas & Co,
last week took out a very handsome nugget of
pore gold which weighs a fraction over eight
ounces and may be seen in the show-window
at tbe jewelry store of F. F. Barss. This claim
is being worked very systematically, and ever
since it fell under the present management has
been paying handsomely, the yield frequently
including handsome specimens of coarse gold,
though we believe the nugget above referred to
is the largest they have yet obtained.
Cinnabab. — H. T. Turnbull was in town one
day last week, having with him some very
specimens of cinnabar which he reports to have
been taken from the claim in which he is inter-
eated, locale J a few mib-s from Shingle Springs.
These are not merely *' tracings," they are the
genuine article, and yield as high a peicentage
of quioksilver as any of the celebrated Napa
discoveries. We also received, but have some-
how mislaid, a communication from a corres-
pondent located further toward the Amador
claim than the location in which Mr. Turnbull
ib interested. This correspondent reported a
four to six inch seam of very rich cinnabar, and
very encouraging prospects for a valuable dis-
covery. He also sent and criticized a notice
from the Amador Ledger, in which, because of
its name, the best development of cinnabar in
that vicinity is claimed as in Amador county,
while in fact it is considerably this Ride of the
line between the two connties. All reports
from that region concur in sanguine confidence
that a rich quicksilver distriot is in course of
development.
FRESNO.
Discovebies. — Mariposa Gazette, April 3: For
some time past we'have heard rumors of the
discovery of a vein of gold-bearing quartz in
Fresno county, near the boundiry line of
Mariposa county, some two or three miles be-
low Crook's ranch, and near what is known as
Indian Peak. The discoverers of this bonan-
za are J. Floyd Dodds, John Bye, Thomas
Collins and James Lewis — most of whom were
former residents of Mariposa county. They
made the discovery some time in December
last, Bince which time a Bhaft 6x8 feei has been
sunk on one side of the vein to a depth of 30
ft. The vein is about 35 ft in widih. Tbe
rock taken out was worked in an arastra, and
yielded from $275 to $515 per ton. After about
three months work, our informant says, the
owners passed through Merced, on route for
Sim Francisco, with the product of their labor,
it beii»g forty pounds and ten ounces of gold.
It is said the parties have been offered from
$40,000 to $100,000 for their mine.
INYO.
Panamint Items. — Inyo Independent, April
3: We are indebted to Judge J. M. Murphy,
Mining Recorder of Panamint, for the follow-
ing interesting items:
There is a great excitement in Panamint
over the discovery of au immense lode, called
the Juno, of free milling ore, four miles south
of Panamint city. The ledge is 40 feet wide,
and from 40 assays made, the lowest went $40
and the highest $420. The fortunate discov-
erers are James A. Parker, James Bruce, C. D.
Gillaod Mr. Stinburger. It is at tbe Happy
I valley side of the mountain. The owners
I would not dispose of their interest for leBS lhan
I $200,000.
The Stewart's "Wonder mine, at a depth of
. 250 ft, struck an immense body of ore, the
J richest yet found in any of the company's
\ mines.
The Jacobs mill is working successfully at
concentrating. It is said that the tailings
from ore runciog to $150 will not assay more
than $6 per ton. This success in reducing
j ores injures a most prosperous future for tbe
camp, for there is no lack of the ores, rtfrac-
■ torv as they may be.
I The 20-atamp mill is rapidly approaching
completion. An order arrived at Panamint,
from ihe company, for the erection of a Sttte-
feldt furnace.
I The tramway to the Wyoming mine is under
way, and 50 more men were placed on the line
1 to complete it as soon as possible.
Panamint is recoveiing from dull times, and
I inside of six weeks the Surprise V. M. &. W.
J Co. will have in their employ not less than 500
men.
I J. J. Dolan has been working the Jessie May
lode, and now it takes rank with the Wyoming.
Gen. Evans has s ruck 7 ft of ore in tbe
Ocean Q ieen mine, and is about permanently
lootng in this country.
KERN.
Discovery. — Kern county Courier, April 3:
has recently been made a few miles north ol
Keruville. For more than twelve years p ist
prospectors have been in the habit of finding
rich gold and silver-bearing float rock on an
extensive fiat near an affluent of Kern river,
oalled Bull Kan, but without meetiug with sne-
oess in their efforts to trace it up. This piece
of good luck was reserved for John Dunn and
Albert Bunnell. The ledge averages 15 ft in
thickness, and has been traced upward of two
miles. The specimen shown us is rich iu free
gold and chlorides and sulphnrets of silver.
Seven claims of 1500 ft each, besides those of
the discoverer*, have been located. It is iu
the same mineral belt — en upheaval of the
primitive strata and igneous rockn — to which
the Sumner mine, of Kernville, belongs, and
that has been traoed north and south nearly a
hundred miles. The lead is called the "Albun-
nel." An astay of the ore, made at Kernville,
shows $225.90 in gold, and $143.35 in silver, or
a total of $3G9.25 to the ton.
NEVADA.
Pittsburg Mine. —Grass Valley Union, April
1: Tbe Pittsburg mine, in the Deadman's
Flat neighborhood, is sending out splendid ore
from the shaft. The ledge is now from two
and one-half to three feet in thickness, and
shows well in metal, plenty of free gold being
ia the metal. The new hoisting and pumping
works give entire satisfaction. The main shaft
is now being put down in the direction of
China.
Empire Mine, — Yesterday two fine looking
UliB j
fine, 'gold brioks were brought in from the Empire
mine. They were the free gold products, ex-
cluding sulphnrets. of a four weeks' run. The
two bars aggregated in value the sum of about
$22,000. This is very good for the oldest
working mine in the district. We can remem-
ber that on several occasions tbe Empire man-
agers, when things looked a little blue u der
ground, started in to pull np tbe pumps and to
close down the mine. Tbat was not done,
however, and the Empire is now looking bet-
ter than she ever did before in all her history.
Dartmouth Mine. — Grass Valley Union,
April 4: We think that the Dartmouth mine,
on the east part of the Alta hill, is doing pretty
well; we can say excellently well. Yesterday
a pan of dirt, from the north drift of the mine,
was washed out by" Captain Miller, the Super-
intendent. The dirt was not selected, although
it was well known that the dirt in tb.*t part of
the drift is very rich. The pan of gravel
yielded the sum of $25.25 in the pretlieBt
washed gold we have seen since the days of
the famous Alta company No. 2. The Dart-
mouth is doing well.
SIERRA.
Struck Gravel — Mountain Messenger (Down-
ieville), April 3: Word oomes tons tbat the
South Fork company, at Forest City, have
struck gravel that prospects, in their tunnel.
The company raised a shaft about fifteen feet
in their tunnel, struck gravel, and found the
bed rock pitching. They will now run the tun-
nel ahead to strike the bottom of the lead.
There was considerable excitement over the
strike.
SONOMA-
Quicksilver Items. — Russian River Flag,
April 1: The Calistoga silver mine mill re-
sumed work last Monday, with a full force of
men.
The Sonoma furnace was lately fired up, and
is now roasting good ore. The mine looks well.
The Socrates has 23 men at work, and is get-
ting out fifty tons of ore per day. The mine is
in tine condition. A Bmall bench of retorts
for testing ore is in operation. Geo, Maylone
is superintendent.
T. B. Sleeper informs us that the New York,
a mile and a half south-eaBt of Pine Flat, is
now being worked by four men. The main
tunnel was in, last Friday, 240 feet. From the
pitch of tbe ledge it is believed that the tunnel
must run 60 feet further to reach the ore body.
Filteen tons of high grade ore have been take'n
from a face cut.
We believe the following to be a correct list
of all the furnaces in this county:
Name of Company. Pattern of Furnace.
Rattlesnake Lockhardt
Sonoma ".Lockhardt
Annie Belcher Knox & O-sbom
Geyser Knox & Osborn
Ida Clayton and Yellow Jacket Knox & Osborn
Excelsior Winterbum
Livermore
Cloverdale
Mt. Jackson Almaden
Tbe Missouri & Oakland have r-torts. In
Lake couuty the Redington bas Kuox & Os-
born furnaces; the Great Western, a Green and
a Lockhardt; the Sulphur Banks, a Lockhardt
and a Knox & O^boin.
The Live Oak mine, near Cloverdale, is
working seven men (night find, day shifts);
the 1 wer tunnel has advanced 370 feet, the
last fifteen fett in ledge matter. The Kay tun-
nel is 205 feet long, with side drifts and a shaft.
TRINITY.
Prospects Impbovtnq. — Trinity Journal,
April 3. Later developments in the Mountain
Laurel cinnabar mine, on Canon creek, are
favorable and indicate the existence of a large
body of ore in that neighborhood. By way of
experiment, 16 ounces of ore from the Moutain
Laurel tunnel was reduced in a common gold
retort aud produced over 5% ounces of quick-
silver— about 35 per cent.
Will be Wobked. — Flowers & Lang will re
open and work the Wilt mine on Canon Creek,
Although this claim did not pay last season, it
is thought to contain some good ground,
Cinnabab. — Hawkett & Lytle are etill getting
out good ore in the Altoona mioe. The re-
torts will be fired up and the manufacture of
quicksilver begin next week. The ore will be
assorted at the mine and tbe best shipped to
the retorts. A ditch is being dag from Crow
creek to the Altoona, the water to be used in
concentrating the low grade ore. Several new
cabins are being erected at the mine*, and
lively times are expected during the Summer.
TUOLUMNE.
Cinnabab. — Tuolumne Independent, April 3.
Some little excitement has prevailed the past
week in consequence of cinnabar ore being
found on the east side of Tuolumne river,
about a mile west of Madame Watts' house, on
Marsh's Flat. The locations are in a belt of
country bearing cinnabar, which was discovered
high on the ridge, some 1,000 or 1,500 feet
above the river. It is a serpentine rock, or
rather vein matter, of greenish color, with
strings of quartz, the whole being thickly
stained with vermillion, the metallic luster
showing plentifully therein. The original
claim, the Great Eastern, relocated by W. G.
Long, on the 16th ultimo, was partially pros-
pected in 1862, quicksilver having been found
in the gulch below. A tunnel GO feet in length
was run toward the vein, when a difference
of opinion arising among the p'oprietors as
to the mode of working, a general dissatis-
faction ensued— a premature blast frightened
the parties and put an end to the work and the
claim was abandoned.
Work Begun. — Union Democrat, April 3. A
company of capitalists commenced work this
week on the old Chandler and Beals claim, in
the gravel range on the middle fork of the
Tuolumne river, about 16 miles above Garrote.
They recently bought the claim with an area of
several hundred acres and will spare no effort
to develop it. Men are being sent up and
large orders for lumber have been given. If it
proves to be profitable it will be the commence-
ment of opening up a large extent of gravel
mining.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
California. —Gold Hill News, April 1 : The
face of the north drift to connect cross-cuts Nos.
1 and 2 on the 1500-ft level is still in rich
ore. Cross-cut No. 3 east is also running in
ore of the finest possible character. Cross-
cut No. 4 on this level is making good head-
way, the face in good milling ore. Sinking
tbe winze from the 1400 to connect with the
1500-ft levels is making good progress, the bot-
tom still in fine ore. The face of the east cross-
cuts on both the 1400 and 1500-ft levels are
still in ledge material of a favorable character.
Sinking the C & C shaft is making rapid pro-
gress. Repairing and retimbering the main
north drift on the 1550-ft level is about com-
pleted.
Ophir. — The ore breasts on the 1465-ft
level are all looking well and yielding tb£ usual
amount of ore. Daily yield 150 tons of ore.
Sinking the northeast winze on tbe 1465-ft
level, is making good headway, the bottom
still in ore The face of the northeast drift at
the 1600 ft station, in the north winze, i*
still in fine ore. Cross-cutting on the 1700'
fc level is still vigorous y prosecuted, with
some favorable indications of better ore devel-
opments to the eastward.
Julia. — The face of the main south drift on
the 1000ft level is still in vein material of a
fine encouraging chancer. The flow of
water from the face continues about the same.
Sllveb Hill.— The prospecting drifts north
on the third station level continue to show im-
provement as the work progresses. Work on
the new machinery is progress'^ finely.
Consolidated Virginia.— Daily yield 460
tons of ore, ke ping th* mills steadily running.
The ore breasts on the 1300 and 1400-ft levels
are lookiDg splendidlv and yielding the usual
amount of rich ore. The east cross cut on the
Calif mra line on the 1400-ft level is in 184
feet, the face still in quartz and porphyry
mixed. The north drift on the 1300-ft level,
to connect with the east cross-cut on the Cal-
ifornia line, will have about 50 feet yet 'to run
to reach the point at which it is expected that
the two drifts will meet.
Justice.— Owing to the very hard rock met
with at the bottom of the main incline, below
the 800-ft level, sinking continues to be
slow. The south drift at the 800-ft level is
now in 65 feet from the incline, with the face
still in hard vein material and * ery wet. Bur-
leigh drills a-e soon to be brought to bear in
both incline and drift.
CALEmNiA. — Sinking tbe main incline shaft
at the old works is making excellent progress.
The main incline is now dnwn 110 feet. Sink-
ing the new shaft is making spl-ndid r rogiess,
it being necessary to put in a set of timbers al-
most every day. It is now down 67 feet, the
bottom in excellent wording ground. The new
hoisifg engine is working splendidly.
Savage.— The south drift from the 2200-ft
station of the ni iin incline has completed a
connection with the north drifL from t.ien*?uth
winze, thus securing a splendid circu n'ion of
pure air, cooling off the level and greatly facil-
itating the prospecting in that portion of the
mine. The main drifts on tbat level are now
being enlarged and car tracks laid, preparatory
to cross-eutnng ihe ore vein.
Siebba Nevada.— Sinking the old shaft is
making excellent headway, the rock in the bot-
tom working quire soft. Driving the north-
east drift on the 700-ft level of this shaft is
making fine progress.
Leo. — The ground in the face of the main
tunnel is working better again. The ledge
matter is getting Bofter and shows improvement
in character. Good headway continues to be
made iu driving the northeat-t drift, fine
bunches and stringers of ore being met with
daily.
Utah. — There is little or no'change in the
flow of water at the bottom of the shaft. Pros ■
pecting, both north and south, on the 400-ft
level, Btill continues, with no material chance
to report except a strong increase in the flow
of water from the face of the north drift.
Cbollar-Potooi.— The main south drift on
the 1 1 50-f t bvel, during the week, out some
favorable looking quartz, with seams of clay
interspersed, but has not yet found anything
of value, tbe highest assays obtained being $2
to $3 per ton.
Yellow Jacket. — The 1810ft. level is still
flooded with water, aud all work suspended in
tbat portion of the mine for the present.
Bullion. — The prospects of finding pay ore
on the 800-ft level is looking more favorable
than at any time in tbe past. On the 1700 ft
level of the Imperial a cross-cut has been
started 100 feet north of the south line, which
is now passing through the mixed vein matter
on the west Bide of the ledge.
Amebican Flat. — The prospects on the 750
and 850-ft levels for valuable developments
are steadily on tbe increase, and now that the
new pumping and hoisting machinery is about
completed, are being looked forward to with a
great amount of interest and confidence. As
soon as the pumping machinery has been
thoroughly tried the development of the lower
levels will be commenced in good earnest,
Balttmoeb Consolidated. — The new pump-
ing machinery will be in good condition to com-
mence draining the lower levels of the mine by
Monday next, everything, so far as tested,
working with the utmoBt perfection. Once the
machinery is all in good running order, work
at all points in the mine will be resumed, when
some valuable ore developments are confidently
expected.
Niagaba. — An average assay of the ore in
the bottom of the shaft, yesterday, gave a re-
sult of $14.13 in silver and $87.89 in gold,
making a total of $102.02. The arrival of the
new hoisting works machinery is expected
daily.
Phil Shebidan.— More stringers of quartz of
a reddish brown character have been passed
through since la=t week's report, and these in-
crease in size and favorable appearance as the
drift progresses.
Ovebman. — The 1100-ft level has been
reached by tbe incline, and a drift started east
to connect with the main west drift from the
shaft on tbe same level.
Rook Island. — The shaft is down to the 450-
ft level, at which point a station is being
opened for the purpose of cutting and prospect-
ins the ore vein.
Gould & Cubby. — The enlargement of the
main shaft to the fourth station level was com-
pleted yesterday, and the putting in of tbe
new pumping machinery is making all tbe
Kpeed possible. Nothing is doing on the 1700-
ft level, owing to tbe strong flow of water.
Cbown Point. — Daily yield, 550 tons of ore.
The ore br-asts on the old upper levelsare all
looking well, and promise a goodly yield for
many weeks yet to come. Prospecting on the
1600-ft level is still carried forward with all the
energy possible. Work progressing well at the
1700-ft i-tation.
Woodvillb.— All work in the mine is sus-
pended for the pre^nt, with the exception of
driviog the north drilt and sinking the south
winze below the 300-ft level. Sinking the new
shart is progressing finely. It is now down 215
IjAdy Bbyan. — Sinking the winze in the ore
body below the 80-ft level is making good pro-
gress, tbe bottom still in fine milling ore. Driv-
ing the main south drift on the same level is
still continued, the face also in gooA ore. A
west cross-cut has been started on the 180-ft
level, which is now in a distance of 24 ft, in a
fioebidy of whitish blue quartz, containing
spots of rich ore. The main west drift on the
250-ft level is etill driven vigorously ahead,
through a fine body of favorable looking quartz
and low grade ore.
Kossuth.— The south drift from the main
west cross-cut, on the 350 ft level, is in a
distance of 60 feet in as fine a ledge as is to be
found on the line of the Coms'ock. Thp ore
vein is much better defined aud more promis-
ing than it wa* on the levels above
Flobida. — The foundation vork for the
heavy new machinery is going ahead as expe-
ditiously as possible.
Oeiginal Gold Hill.— Fnm the mam
south drift the cross-cut bas run i ito the cou-
tinua i m of the excellent ore body found in
the up nise abeve that 1-vel, and it is found to
be of 'he same good quality.
Dayton. — The erection of the new pimping
machinery is m tking excellent speed. Sinking
the main shaft ia making rapid headway, wi h
strong indications of soon cutting ihe main
ledge. . - •. • 3 j
Buckeye.— The water is again drained, and
«ond work is being done openiDg tbe 550-fojt
station. The prospects of finding p iy ore on
this level are very favorable.
Iowa.— Preparations for the erection of the
new hoisting machinery are making good
progress. • -
Nevada.— Cross-cutting now in the ledge,
from the tunnel, to see what good ore develop-
ments can be discovered at the lower level,
Prospects excellent.
238
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[April iof 1875
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Tenth Lecture Delivered before the University of Cal
if ornia College of Agriculture, on Monday, February
1st, by Pbof. 0. E. Besbet.
The Nightshade, Star Apple, Tobacco, Etc.
The nightshade family, Solanacece, are her.
baceous or woody plants; in all abontl,000 Bpe-
cies, of these a very few specieB are found all
over the world, bat the most of the species are
tropical, so that speaking of it generally we
roust call it a tropical order. Although some
when prepared are wholesome, yet the whole
family iB more or less poisonous and this poison
is a narcotic. Several plants, however, are of
the greatest value for food and, outside of the
order of graminece, I doubt whether there is an-
other single plant which has .as much general
value as the potato, Solanum tuberosum, a native
of the higher regions of South America and also
found to a certain extent in Mexico and one
verynearlyallied species is found growing in por-
tions of California. The potato was originally
very small, but culture has changed it. In this
change, it seems as if the size of the potato
was increased, while the amount of poisonous
matter in it was not increased, so that it is con-
ciderably diffused and probably this is due
largely to culture. It was first introduced into
England in 1597, by Sir Walter Kaleigh; but
for fully a century it was very little esteemed.
In fact, only within the last hundred years, it
has come into general use. Not only does it
furnish food, but it furnishes starch for use in
the arts. From it also there is produced, in
some parts of the country, a spirituous liquor
gomewhat resembling brandy. I should say,
whenever these tubers are exposed to the sun,
they are
Pervaded by This Narcotic Poison;
So, of course, it is unhealthful to make use of
(hem.
The egg plant, Solanum melongena is another
South American plant. [Fig. 1.] It bears
large egg-shaped fruits which are used in cook-
ing. It has never come into general use. Fur-
ther, it has so much of this poisonous matter
that unless taken at the proper time there is
danger in it.
The tomato, Lycopersicum esculemtum, also
from South America, is now largely grown for
ts delicious fruits, though for many years
after its introduction .it was supposed to be
poisonous and was grown only for ornament
under the name of love apple. Almost any of
the old people will tell you of seeing it grown
years ago just for an ornament. Now, in these
the poison is still present when they are green,
but in ripening the sun seems to eliminate the
poison from them. If eaten when they are
green they are injurious, unless prepared in
vinegar or in some manner so as to remove the
unwholesome tendency. [A student. "The
sun seems to have an opposite effect upon
them from that it has upon potatoes."]
[Professor explained this, saying]— When the
son shines upon a potato, it changes the tuber
into a stem, and it is therefore poisonous. I
suppose if the f 1 nit of the potato when ripe
could be eaten we would find little poison in it.
As long as the fruit is green there is a great
deal of poison in it which can only be dissi-
pated by the sun or the beat of cooking.
Another plant is the ground cherry or cherry
tomato. It belongs to the genus Physalis, and
is a little, low plant, with yellow, or orange-
colored ft nit, not unpleasant to the taste, in-
closed in the enlarged calyx. It grows in
the United States. The winter cherry, Phy-
salis alkakengi, is a native of Southern Europe;
now considerably grown for ornament.
Cayenne pepper is the product of Capsicum
annuum, a South Asiatic plant, coming from
India, now largely grown in alt warm climates.
In this oase the narcotic matter or poison
seems to be changed into this pungent matter
found in pepper. What we call Cayenne pep-
per is the variety which grows large, long pods.
These being annuals, of course can be grown
very far north, and oan also be grown well to
the south.
Stramonium, or thorn apple — you see we are
passing from the food plants to the medicinal
ones — Datura Stramonium, is a large ill-scented
weed, wiih very large, trumpet-shaped flowerB
and prickly pods. Its s« eds [Fig. 2], contain
an alkaline priuciple cousidered valuable in
medicine. When taken in considerable quan-
tity tbey pruduce raving and in excess profound
stupor. Stramonium is kept in the shops in
con>idei able quantities. It ib Said to be one of
the ingredients of
Drugged Liquors.
When any one is put into a - stupor through
taking certain liquors, generally btramonium
has been ustd in the liquor. It is, however,
used quite considerably in legitimate practice.
Belladonna is a product which has a better
reputatinn^and is derived from the perennial
herb, Atropa belladonna, a native of Europe.
The whole plant in this case is exceedingly poi-
sodous, and from it we get the drug known as
belladonna. Like henbane, which is derived
from a nearly allied species, it has the power of
dilating the pupil of the eye. If a drop is al-
lowed to fall upon the eye, upon the pupil, it will
dilate greatly and it is from this fact it gets its
common name.
[Belladonna is derived from two Italian words
bella, beautiful and donna, lady; according to
Webster.]
The Spanish and Mexican ladies have long
made use of this to try to highten the beauty of
their eyes. Our oculists now pat it to a better
use.
Tobacco, Nicotiana Tabacum, is a native of
the warm portions of America. [Fig. 3.] It
was used by the original inhabitants of this con-
tinent long before the Europeans came here,
but it was very soon introduced into Europe.
In 1589, Sir Walter Baleigh took the tobacco to
England and some eight years afterwards the
potato also. At first, it met with great opposi-
tion, tb.rongfc.out all Europe; kings, priests,
popes, everybody opposed it; nevertheless, its
use spread rapidly over all the countries of the
civilized world. Some of the authorities say
that on an average
Every Fourth Man
Makes use of tobacco. A greater Dart of the
product is derived from the United States.
There is a strip of country including Virginia,
Ohio, Pennsylvania and running down into
New England, also including portions of Ten-
neessee, Indiana, Illinois and southern Iowa —
all through that belt of country is a very
important district engaged in tobacco growing.
Certain varieties are grown very far north. I
have known its very profitable cultivation up
Fie. 1.
Seed Pod of Thorn Apple—
(Datura Stramonium) .
near lake Erie. It probably will become of
more and more importance.
Among the weeds we name black nightshade,
which is a remarkable plant botanically, from
this fact: that it is found running as far north
as a plant will grow, np into the frozen regions;
and also in the southern temperate zone, it ex-
tends as far as plants will grow. This is an
anomalous case, because as a general thing
the plants of the north temperate zone are
hardly found in the south temperate zone at all.
Second, the "jimson weed" or thorn apple. It
grows abundantly in almost all oaltivated
places. It grows in California. Both of these
weeds are poisonous.
Among the flowering plants only one is
worth mentioning, and that is petunia. This,
wi'hin the last six or seven years has been con-
siderably improved, although a few years ago
itwaacalled old-fashioned. Kb ease of growth
and delightiul fragrance place it very deserved-
ly quite high among the ornamental plants.
Referring again to tobacco, I just want to
make one remark: You will find the statement
frequently in our agricultural journals that to-
bacco is not an American plant. I think that
remark comes from this: there are a great
Pie. 2. Eeg Plant.
many species of ' Nicotiana, some of which are
not natives of America, and I think it is from
this we get the statement that the Chinese were
acquainted with tobacco long ago. The tobac-
co largely used all ovtr the woild for smoking
and chewing is an American plant.
The second order, the
Mints
Of the order Labiatece, are herbs or small
shrubs, never trees; mostly with square stems,
very abundantly distributed, but most abun-
dant in the temperate zone. There are up-
wards of 2500 species, throughout nearly all of
which is to be found a highly aromatic and
pungent property which has caused them to be
long held in high repute as possessing medicinal
virtues. At the present time this medicinal
use has nearly passed away, and they are re-
stricted almost entirely to a few strong scent d
plants which make up the medicines of quacks
and herb doctors. In fact, this order furnishes
the perfume or odor for the quack medicines
more than any other we have. A few, how- .
ever, are harmless plants, used in domestic
practice, and called, generally, herbs. This
aromatic principle is of importance as furnish-
ing soma very useful oils and essences.
First, is lavender, from the Lavandula vera,
which is a little shrubby plant found in South
Europe, grown for its leaves; from these by
distillation is obtained oil of lavender. This,
dissolved in alcohol and mixed with water is
what is known as lavender water, and is used
largely in perfumery,
Rosemary, (Rosemarinus officinalis,) also a
shrubby plant found in tioutu»rn Europe, and
to some extent in Western Asia; is grown for
its oil, used m the manufacture of all sorts of
perfumes; also very largely used in the manu-
facture of cologne water— is one of the more
important ingredients in the latter.
There are a great many others. I pimply
will mention a half dozen or more of them in
testimony of this fact, that the order is an order
of pe'fume. Peppermint, pennyroyal and
sage are European; sweet basil is from India;
horehonnd and catnip are European. You can
hardly mention a plant of this order but that
is more or less aromatic.
Some of these, as peppermint and penny-
royal, are used in domestic practioe. It is my
opinion that they are quite harmless, but as to
their real virtues, I doubt whether tbey possess
any. If we must take something whenever we
have a little pain, I suppose we mignt as well
take these. I do not want to put myself on
record as against taking medicine when pre-
Pier. 3. Tobacco Plant.
scribed by a physici'n. If we wieh to dose
ourselves, without knowing anything about
their properties, these things may be taken.
A few plants of the order are of ornamental
value. Two are in quite common use — Coleus
and Perilla; these are the generic names. They
runoff into false species or varieties. These,
here, have a brilliant, red color. They grow
east, in hot-houses; b.'re, out of door*. Sage,
an Indian species, and Borne tropical, are grown
for ornamental purposes. When these three
are mentioned, yon have about all. It seems a
little strange that an order of so many species
should not furnish more, more valuable for or-
nament. None furnish food for man or beast,
though a few are used as substitutes for tea,
very poor at that. None furnish textile mate-
rials or materials which can be used in any
way in building — no woods.
There are but few bad weeds. I do not call
to mind a sing'e one but that can be readily
driven out. As soon as you use the plow or hoe
they disappear. It is possible that in some lo-
calities there are some of more weedy habitB.
The group may be consider* d a^ yielding med-
icines of a poor order, and perfumes of a hieh
order; and it illustrates peifvctly how one pre-
dominant character may determine the position
of an order or group in the list of economic
plmts. The aromatic property which it pos-
sesses determines its position.
Next we take up several small groups of but
few species, but of considerable' importance,
and first is the
Ebony Family,
EbenacGcB, a small group of only a hundred and
f-ixty species; fuund chiefly in the tropics. It
derives its name from the ebony trtes of thr
East Indies, and of the surrounding countries
there. The Ceylon ebony, Biospyros Bbenum,
is from Ceylon. A seoond one, D, Ebenaster,
is from India, as is also D. melanoxylon. B.
reticulata is from the island of Mauritius. The
trees are large, and very slow in their growth,
■as- you will expect from the nature of the wood.
In the largest, the wood is of a light color, but
after a while it begins to turn durk, and takes
on the very dark, almost black, color to which
it has given a name. This is labeled here as a
true ebony. I have some very grave doubts
whether it is, but then it will show you, how-
ever, what ebeny is— its general appearance.
I think if a bit of that sp-cimen was taken out
and boiled in water a crhring matter might
come out. It is probably white-wood stained
and
Sold as True Ebony.
The true ebony should not have the appearance
which you will see if you hold it up to the light
in the proper way. True ebony blackens in
the center, and from the cen'er outward. It is,
therefore, difficult to account for any such
whiti-hness on the inside. Then ag-iin, it is
not hard enough. True ebony should be jet
blaok, considerably hard and quits brittle. Tue
bfst is that coming from Mauritius. Ceyltn
and Iudia are not so valuable.
There are a few allied specieB which furni-h
some woods of a good deal of value in certain
localities, but so far, their values are only local.
In China and Japan, one of the speoies of this
same genuB Biospyros, furnishes a very valuable
and very delicious fiuit. It is called there the
Kaki, or Chinese date (Biospyros Kaki), and
so in giving it a name, botanists very wisely
gave it the same specific name which it has for
a common name. You understand that it is
not the date spoken of in literature generally;
but thiB is a fruit about the size of an apple,
said to be excei dingly delioious. It is eaten
from the tree and also pe-^erved— makes a sort
of fig-like preserve. Can be
Grown in Southern California.
If not already introduced, it could very profit-
ably be brought into the United States.
In the eastern Unittd States and running up,
I hardly know how far, into the Rocky Moun-
tains, we have what may be called the Ameiican
date, or the American date palm.
It is known in the East and, probably all
over the country, as the Persimmon, Diospyros
Virginiana; the American date palm, or Per-
simmon, is a tree growiug from twenty to sixty
feet high. It produces a plum-like fruit, v. hich,
when green, is exceedingly pungent. When
ripe it is sweet and edible. Now, from the
fact that this closely allied species produces
such a very delicious fruit, and a hardy one
too, it is very likely that this same Per-immon,
if taken into nurseries *»nd cared for, might, in
a short time, be developed into a very good
fruit indeed; notwithstanding that the name
Persimmon is one we almost always smile at, as
not worth thinking much of. It abounds
through almost all of what might be called the
interior States, including Ohio, Indiana, Illi-
nois and southward. There are some in the
extreme southern portion of Iowa. I think
there is no part of Southern California as cold
as Southern Iowa. However, as this Kaki
could be grown in the southern part of Califor-
nia, there is no need of introducing it, the
Persimmon, there. Taking it wild, we,* of
course, expect it to be a poor thing; but gTOw
it, selecting the best varieties wherever it
sports, and no doubt in a very short time we
might get from it valuable fruit.
The Star Apples
Form another Bmall order, the order Sapotaeece,
which includes about two hundred speoieB,
mostly tropical, and they are all either shrubs
or trees. Throughout the whole order, the
plants are possessed of a milky juice and this
upon drying becomes more or less glue-like.
In gutta percha, or, the gutta percha tree, this
becomes of very great eoonomio importance.
The gutta percha tree, Isonandra gutta, is a tree
from sixty to seventy feet in hight, found in
Southern Asia, and on the islands of Borneo
and others near by. The juice is secured by
cutting the trees. The natives there seem not
to know how to get the juice in any other way.
They out the trees and peel off the bark and by
so doing obtain the juice, but this results in
rapid destruction of forests. As the juice dries,
it is made dp into little cakes and iB exported^
When brought to the United States, or England,
or any of the countries on the continent, it is
manutaotured into alt sorts of utensils and is
applied to a great variety of uses. As the trees
only produce from twenty to thirty pounds
apiece and as the consumption requires a very
large quantity annually, there is great danger
that it will become extinct. No steps have
been taken, except by the British government
within the la6t few years, for the purpose of re-
planting these trees, and as the policy adopted
by the natives is suicidal, we ought to be look-
ing out for eomething to' take its place. Its
uses are very many. One peculiarity it has, is,
that when heated it softens "up and can be
moulded into various forms and 'when it coots
becomes htrd and retains its form; so it can be
vry largely used for any purposes required.
Then again, it is nsed for the telegraph cables.
Very likely, if gulta percha had not been found
just when it was we
Should Not Have Had Atlantic Cables.
At least, for some time yet. In order to pre-
vent the great waste resulting from the present
method, the trees coald be tapped or partially
girdled and their juice thus utilized for six,
seven or eight successive years. .This method,
though not giving so large immediate results
as cutting down the trees, would give a larger
aggregate.
Now, Europeans pay no attention how the
natives get the material together at the sea-
ports. In some speeies, this milk is used for
food by the natives. I suppose in such species
the juice does not coagulate or dry up as soon,
and in some casrs the juice is na d just as the
na ives if South America ut-e 'hut ot tbe cow I
tree, and as the Pacifio islanders have always
used that t-ame tree.
Th« star apple and the sappodilla plum, of
theW«8t Indie*, are large trtes bearing deli-
cious fruits about the size of an apple, which
are said to be second only to oranges. H*-re,
we know nothing at all about th< m. In fuct I
never saw a star apple or sappodilla plum.
They ate difficult of irancp -rtation. They
could be grown, almot to a certdinty, in cer-
tain parts of this Stare. A few species furnish
valuable woods, but they are not of general im-
portance as yej;. being known only in certain
restricted districts, so we pass them by.
Spontaneous Combustibility, of Chabooai.
— Andrew F. Har^reavt-s s-iys: Charcoal ab-
sorbs its maximum amount "of oxygen from
the atmosphere within tDree days after carbon-
ization and (hat a ter that timi no danger
neei be apprehend d in using it, while np to
that time its use may be attended with danger.
: r
April to, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
239
Qood HEALTH-
Washing the Inside of the Body.
There is no cavity in the body which water
is not fitted for if you get it in properly. Why.
one of the beet things yon can do is to waith
your blood, and the great folly we commit in
going through our lives from childhood to the
grave, is that we do not wash our blood as we
ought. Infusions of coffee, tea, chocolate, or
cocoa, or cider, or beer, do not wash the blood,
because, with the fluid so takeu in. something
is carried in also which befouls and defiles the
blood. Let a mau say to himself, " It is Sat
urday night; I have worked hard all the week,
and Sunday shall be a day of rest to me. I nm
goiiiL' to give my whole system, between this
and Monday morning, a good, thorough wash-
iog." So be begins to drink, and drink, aud
driuKs but little at ft time, yet between Satur-
day night and next Moudty morning, a bealthy
man can drink without producing any distur-
bance a gallon of water. Now let this come
into and go ihrough his circulation — through
his lungs, and skin, and kidneys, and bowel6—
and waste materials are carried out; and when
Monday morning comes, if he jumps out o f
ted and gives his external skin a good washing
the water that he washes in will be foul. Or,
if he prefers to teat the question even more
thoroughly, all he has to do is to take a clean
sheet, and then wetting it in good, soft, pure
water, be wrapped up in it for forty-eight or
dixty minutes, and then have the sheet washed
in a tub of water, and it will color that watsr
go it will look dirty. The mau had been
washed inside— his blood has been washed
When you have washed his blood, tissues,
bones, nerve, muFcla, siuew, membrane, and
brain, and everything in him, he can dely all
pestilence for that week. The washing of a
person's outside is twi^e as necessary as the
washing of a person's clothes, yet there are
those who are very particular to have their
clcthes washed, who seldom take a bath.
Dogs as Propagators of Disease. — Among
the many agents for the spread of infectious
diseases, are, it seems, "our domestic pets."
For the propagation of fever a dog is some-
times as bad, or worse, than a drain; and a
ease is referred to in the Sanitary Record, in
which scarlet fever wsb carried from one child
to another by a favorite retriever. The dog
had been reared in a house where scarlatina
' prevailed, and was subsequently given to a
friend of the family. Shortly after, one of the
children in the dog's new home was attacked
with malignant scarlatina, and died. Disin-
fectants were used plentifully, and every pre-
caution taken to prevent a recurrence of the
malady, but in two months' time a second child
took the same dipease, in its worst form, and
died. As the dog had been the constant com-
panion and playfellow of these children, its
woolly coat, it is a'leged, became so charged
with contagious matter a* to render it a source
of disease and death. Although it is only fair
to the dog to Hdmit that the children may have
caught the fevt-r from other sources than hi*
woolly coat, yet there is reason to fear that both
dogs and cats, especially the latter, do assist in
the circulation of infectious illnesses; and where
fever prevails the sooner they are lodged out
of the house the better. They are, however,
probably not more dangerous in this respect,
than books. No one who takes up a book from
a library ever troubles himBelf or herself as to
the antecedents of the volume; it may have
just left ihe hands of the fever patient.— Pall
Mali Gazette.
Aie Kequired fob Respiration. — The aver-
age at.uouut of air inspired and exhaled at each
respiration is 30 cubic inches, and the average
number of respirations 20 per minute, bo that
500 cubic feet of air pass through the lungs in
24 hours. The amount of carbonic acid ex-
hale 1 is variable, and is interesting as an index
of the rate of internal change. The more
euer g-iic the circulation, the larger the quantity
of carbonic aoid; it is less during Bleep than
wbi e awake, and less during fasting than aftt-r
a full meal. A Bleeping apaitment should al-
ways have adequate ventilation while in use.
DrJST-SpECTAOLEB FOB THE PROTECTION OF TUB
Ey£b in Vahiods Occupations. — Spectacle-
frames, furnished with fine wire gauze instead
of glass, carefully fitted to iheeye, and fa-tened
to ttie head by agum band, have been fnund by
Kuhn to ammi perfectly for the promotion of
tbe eyts from dust, solid particles, e'o., in
] various occupations, as thrtsbing, stone-cut-
ting, etc., while they, at the frame time, permit
the necessary access of air to the eye, and pro-
duce no inconvenience whatever to the wearer.
Hfalthy Old Age. — The brains of people
advanced in years would be greatly strengthen-
ed by habitsof study. Old people should have
thtir lessons, their mental culture, like chil-
dren, to keep their brain in a healthy c< ndition.
M derate study is almost a sure guarantee
against decaying of tbe mind as age advances.
Quick Belief fob Burns.— Apply a layer of
common salt, and saturate it with landauum.
Hold it in position a few hours with a simple
wrapper. The colonel says the smarting dis-
appears almost immediately, and the sore gets
well with incredible rapidity.
To Detect Bbight'b Disease. — Urine when
mixed w.th nitric acid and boiled should coag-
ulate if the person is suffering from Bright's
disease of the kidneys.
When to Get Up.
The Duke of Wellington always slept on an
iron camp bedbtead eighteen inch* s wide.
"When a man wants to turn over." be said,
" it is time for him to turn out." The Empe-
ror Nicholas did the same. Mr. Owen Bays.
The principle is w-ll enough; but I think the
detail is wrong. Sleep is fur too important to
be made uncomfortable. My old friend ttos-
Mtir fixed bis alarum so that, at tbe fore-or
daiued momeot, tbe bed clothes were dragged
from the bed, and Rossiter lay shivering. I
have myself somewhere tbe drawings and speci-
fications for a pa'eut (which I never applied
for), which arranges a Met of cams and wheel-
work mider the bedstead, which, at the moment
appointed, lift the pillow-end six feet, and de-
liver the sleeper on his feet on the now h"ri
zoutal foot-board. He is not apt to Bleep long
after that.
Rossi ter found another contrivance which
worked letter. The alarm clock struck t\
match, whioh lighted the lamp, which boiled
the water for Eosaiter's shaving. If Rossi ter
staid in bed too long, the water boiled over up-
on his razor, and clean shirt, and the prayer
book his mother gave him, and Coleridge's
autograph, and his open pocket-book, and all
the other precious things be could put in a
basin underneath when he went to bed; so he
had to get up before that moment came.— Old
and New.
UsEf JL l(JFQ^*4TION.
Wheeled Vehicles.
The history of locomotion on wheels is one
which takes us back to the very origin of all
history. The horse was undoubtedly the ani-
mal whose lab r was first utilized by man; but
no doubt he was employed many centuries be-
fore the wheel was known as a vehicle of loco-
motion or transportation. Carrying loads was
tbe first occupation of this useful animal; next
he was probably employed as the Indians on
this continent still use him, to drag loads or
poles — one end of said poles being secured to
the flanks of tbe animal, while tbe other rested
upon the ground, the load being placed near
the middle.
The next idea was to rest the ground end of
the poles on wheels, from which the transition
to the two-wheeled cart and the ancient chariot
was a very natural step. No doubt the nncient
Egyptians and Assyrians were content, for
many ages, to travel upon two wheelajyetit
was an inevitable necessity— that a four-wheel-
ed vehicle should ultimately have been sug-
gested. In the first attempt to build such a ve-
hicle, the second axle was no douot fixed to
tbe body rigidly, in the same way as the sin-
gle axle had been. Theinconveniencesaltend
log the working of such a rigid four-wheeler,
and its obstinate tendency to move in a straight
line, no doubt condemned the enrly whtel-
wrigbt to much mortification and disgust, and
his ootemporary Jehus must often have heaped
athemas on his head in the vain efforts t o
gracefully turn the corners of the giy avenues
of .heir city drives. No doubt such disgust led
for a time 10 the utter condemnation of the new-
fangled vehicle and a return to the use of the
moie easily managed two-wheeled chariot.
But necessity was then, as now, the mother
of invention, aod the perch-bolt must have
been soon devised, as the only means of mak-
ing a four-wheeled vehicle a really practical
thing on a common road Once introduced it
was sure to survive, and the oarriage-maker of
to-day who should propose anything for a sub-
stitute would be considered a fit candidate for
an in?ane asylum. The railway car-builder,
however, has gone ba k to the original con-
struction. His practically straight road allow-
ing the possibility of such a device. But this
is only another case of history repeating itself.
The modern iron road being entirely novel in
its design implies a similar novel1 y in all its ap-
purtenances. But the car-builder of a century
bence will wonder that such a barbarous run-
ning ge a. could have been endured on a rail-
way in 1875. The audible grinding of a rail
road train on a short curve, and the wear and
loss of power consequent upon the wheels be-
ing dragged out of their natural our?e, assures
us that we have not yet reached perfection in
railroad gear. The perch-boitor its equivalent
must be eventually employed upon the iron as
well as on the common ro id, aod ihat, too, with-
out sacrificing the steadiness of the vehicle or
any other essential condition of safety and com-
fort.
The Exclusion of Damp from Brick-wobk.
It is stated that one of the most effective methods
of accomplishing this object is the following:
Three quarters of a pound of mottled soap
are dissolved in one galloi of bo ling water,
and ihe hot solution spread steadily with a fiat
brush over tbe outer surface of tbe biickwork.
c re being taken that it does not lather; this is
allowed to dry for twenty-four hours, when a
solution formed of a quarter of a pound ofalnm
difesi lved in two galluns of water,_is applied in
a similar manner over the coating of soap.
The Boap and alum form an insoluble varnish,
which the rain is unable to penetrate, and this
cause of dampness is thus said to be effectually
removed. The operation should be performed m
dry, settled weather.
Another method is to use eight parts of lin-
seed oil and one part of sulphur, heated to-
gether to 278° in an iron vessel. — Bcitnt&fic
American.
The Omnibus Not a New Invention.
The omnibus is not, as is generully supposed,
a uoi dero device. Its history is tract d back to
the year 1GG2, when Louis XIV. authorized a
line of them for the special benefit of tbe mid-
dle classes. Seven ouiiiibus-s were started,
each constructed to hold eight people. The
tortus of concession to tbe company provided
that ihey should run at fixed hours, whether
full or empty, to and from different quarters of
the city, for the benefit of the infirm and those
engaged in lawsuits, as well as for all who
could not afford to hire a carriage. But before
long the new conveyances were converted from
their original puipnse and became extremely
fashionable. The Grand Mouarque traveled in
one to St. Germain, and his example being fol-
lowed by the aristocracy g-nerally, the class for
whose benefit they had been introduced were
completely excluded. This fashionable whim
appears, however, to have las'ed only a short
time, followed by the failure of the company,
owing to the subsequent refusal of the poorer
elapses to patronize the new vehicles.
Nothing more waB st-eu of omnibuses in the
French capital until 1828, when they were
agniu introduced by a leading banker, who
made a large fortune out of tbe speculation. It
was not until two years after this date that they
made their first appearance in the London
streets, when two were started by an enterpris-
ing citizen, running between the Bank and the
western extremity of the New-road. These
ponderous vehicles carried twenty-two passen-
gers inside. But in some respects they ap-
pear to have been superior to the modern
omnibus. The first conductors were sons of
gentlemen, and the periodicals of the day were
provided gratis, by the proprietors, for passen-
gers to read en route.
Restoring Burnt Iron.
Many are the ideas that have been presented
toward the sbove end, but so far, we believe,
nowhere is the method carried on extensively.
Many establishments that accidentally or oth-
erwise meet with such incidental loss contrive
"to work off the iron so burnt by a proportion-
ate mixture of new iron, and perhaps some use
certain chemicals. But to restore burnt iron
in large quantities by any systematic method
we do not know to be followed. Such material
we know to be a common product incident to
the manufacture and working of .iron; suffi-
ciently great in quantity to justify special fa-
cilities for its redemption, but beyond the
nmull efforts of those who meet with such loss
in a comparatively limited way, no well-directed
and special method toward making it a busi-
ness has been done.
Quite large quantities of burnt metal are to
be found at various foundries, which is not
wholly "slag," as many suppose, left from the
"charge" of a foundry air furnace or cupola,
but in tbe majority of cases is burnt metal.
One of our city fuunders pointed to a lot of
several tons as "burnt irou, not Blag." In our
mills a common way of disponing of burnt
wrought iron is to work it off in small quan-
tities with new iron; either with scrap or by
re-piling with puddle bar. — American Manu>
facturer. .
A Three-wheeled Omnibus.— The Carriage
Builders' Gazette furnishes an illustrated de-
scription of quite a novelty for the road, in the
shape of a three-wheeled omnibus. It is
claimed that by this construction, economy in
cost and draft, as well aB comfort for rids.s is
secured. Dispensing with a truck or under-
carriage and one wheel, admits of economy in
construction; while the triadic bearing of the
wheels on the ground favors tbe draft. The
bulk of the load is placed upon the pair of
wheels, which are large and forward, and is
pattly suspended beneath the line of theaxle.
Ihe axle of the single wheel is in the rear of
the body of the vehicle. There is an entranoe,
placed diagonally upon each rear corner, which
may be reach d more readily than the rear en-
trance of the omnibus as commonly constructed.
A stairway also leads to the roof of the vehicle
from thorear. Tbe total weight of an omnibus,
as ordinarily constructed, to accommodate 28
passengers, ranges from 20 to 24 hundred-
weight. A three -wheeled vehicle to accommo-
date the Bame number can be constructed to
weigh from 14 to 16 hundred-weight only. The
construction is very bimple — the hind wheel
turns freely in an upright axle-box, filled wiih
a coil spring around the spendle. The body
forward rests upon elliptic Bprings.
The Life oe Locomotive Wheels. — It is
sean by the returns of the London- and North-
western (Eug.) Railway, made to Parliament
ia the year of 1873,'h'it their locomotives aver-
age a run of about 15,000 miles a year, and that
the usual term of service of a set of chilled
wheels is about Feven years,— or a run of
105,000 miles,— a little more than four times
round the world. Passenger cars traverse about
three times tbe distance each month or year
that an engine does. Fir-hl-cla^s cars are not
subjected to such continuous wear a-i inferior
ones; more rest is given to the wheels. Such
ears are heavier, and consquently bear harder
on the axles, and hence are more liable to heat.
Cab "Wheels.— A St. Louis company are pro-
ducing car wheels with steel tires, which are said
to be as much superior to iron wheels as steel
rails are to iron rails. The disi ance an ordinary
wheel will run is said to be about 50,000 miles,
while it is claimed for the steel tired wheel that
it will have a life of about 400,000 miles.
DopnEsjic Economy.
How to Roast Beef.
Somebody recently sent a receipt to the Ohio
Farmer for roasting a Hirloin of beef. Another
correspondent— "An Old Housekeeper," takes
correspondent No. 1 to do after the following
manner: "The receipt furnished by your cor-
respondent of the 9th instant, for roasting a
sirloin of beef, is not ihe way that I or any ex-
perienced housekeeper would attempt to cook
it. It first recommends a 'joint weighing from
fourteen to fifteen pounds from a young and
fat beef.' Now, everybody knowing anything
about good beef would say, 'old and fat beef."
Young beef is neither bo tender, juicy or rich as
old beef, as the fat and the other flesh on the
latter is newly put on. The writer goes on:
'fnving laid it in tfte dripping pan, tender-loin
downward, we dredge it slighily with flour.'
Doesn't this writer know that all 'doctoring'
of beef helps to deteriorate its quality? Togo
on, the meat is then put down iu the pan, in
which a little water is poured, and then put in
the oven, not to roast, but to stew. The writer
'ben adds: 'As soon as the surface of the meat
i< so browned that the juices of the meat will
not readily escape, allow the oven to cool to a
moderate degree of heat.' This is remarkable.
•Whtn the beef is done, sprinkle with sail and
pepper. Empty the pan of all its drippiDgs,
Dour in some boiling water, slightly salted, stir
i. about and strain uver the meat.'
"This is one way, truly, and it may suit some
people who have never eateu really good roast
beef ; but it will not do for me or my family.
Why, beef, to roast it in the best manner,
should not be tampered with in any way — not
even touched with water before putting in the
oven. Instead of laying it broadside in the
water of the pan, it should be elevated on a
'meat stand ' placed in the pan. A quarter of
an hour to a pound of beef is the correct peri-
od to roast. No dredging, peppering, mlting
or pouring over of gravy, etc.; they destroy
ihe sweetness, deliciousuess and relishment of
the beef."
English Dishes.
"An English Woman" furnishes the Ger-
mantown Telegraph with tbe following recipes
for preparing certain English dishes: —
Bullock's Livee. — Cut the liver in scores,
and salt it with two pounds of salt for a fort-
night, then let it drain dry for three days, then
rub in two ounces of several kinds of spice, ac-
cording to your judgment, and all sorts of sweet
herbs chopped very fine; also a good seasoning
of onions and shalots. Then hang it in a dry
cellar for a time, and then put it in a bag for
use. A small piece is sufficient to make gravy
for bares, ducks, &c. It will keep many months,
and be useful to use in the summer.
Fricasseed Tripe. — Cleanse tripe well from
the fat, cut it into pieces about two inches broad
and four long, put it into a stew-pan and cover
with milk and water; let it boil till tender.
Slice two Spanish onions and put in a stew-pan
with a quarter pound of butter; salt, pepper
and nutmeg to flavor, and let them brown; put
this sauce with the tripe, add the juice of a
lemon, and Berve very hot.
Yorkshire Parkin.— Two and a half pounds
of oatmeal, two pounds of treacle, a quarter of
a pound of moist sugar, half a pound of buttt-r
rubbed into the oatmeal — a little ginger or finely-
cut candied peel may be added if liked; mix all
well together, put into tea-cake tins, and bake.
Winter Salad. — Boil some potatoes aud some
onions, and when cold cut them into slices, to-
gether with some beetroot. Dress as any other
salad. The onions should be cut so as to fall
apart in rigs.
To Mend Tinware.
Every housekeeper may not know of what
they are capable in the Hue of keeping their tin-
ware in order. For tbe benefit of Buch we will
say that it is easier to solder such things than
to pay a traveling tinker two prices for mending
them. Take a t-harp knife and scrape the tin
around the leak until it is bright, so that the
solder will stick. Tben sprinkle on a little
powdered resin, (ihey have liquid solder to sell,
but resin will do as well), lay your solder on the
hole, and with your sotdt-ring iron melt it on.
Do not have the iron too hot or the solder will
adhere to that. After two or three trial-' you
can do a job that you will be proud of. If you
do not own a soldering iron procure one by all
means; but when hard pressed I have UBed the
knob on theend of the fire-shovel, or a smooth
piece of iron, or held a candle under the spot
to be mended. Anything i-t better than stopping
leaking pans wiih beeswax or rags. Try it,
voung housekeepers, and see how independent
you will feel. Your pans should be dry when
you take them in hand.
Bice Jelly. — Boil one pound of flour with
half a pound of loaf sugar in a quart of water
until the whole becomes a glutinous mass,
strain off the jelly and let it stand to cool.
This is nutritious and light.
Candy.— Two cupfuls of sugar, two large
tablespoonfuls of vinegar, and half a cupful of
water. Boil together, and add vanilla or lemon
for flavor. It must be worked before it is very
oold.
240
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 10, 1875.
li^HEiMiwia
W. B.EWEB 8ENIOE Editob.
DEWEY «fc CO., P-ubllsliere.
i. T. DEWEY, OEO. H. BTBONQ
W. B. EWEB, J^O. L. BOOKE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
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inserted at special rates.
Sample Copes.— Occassionally we send copies of this
paper to persons whom we believe would be benefitted
by subscribing for it, or willing to astist us in extend-
ing its circulation. "We call the attention ol such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
Sail Francisco:
Saturday Morning, April 10, 1875-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EDITORIALS AND GENERAL NEWS-—
Work Done by Burleigh Drill; Elaisdell's Improved
Tie; Hydraulic Mining in California, No. 20, 233.
Society of Engibeers of California; "Watchmaking in
San Francisco; A Disastrous Explosion, 240. de-
duction of Quicksilver Ores— Patera's Process, 241.
ILLUSTRATIONS. — Improved Railway Tie;
Work Done by the Burleigh Drill, 234. Economic
Botany, 238. Patera's Process for the Reduction of
Quicksilver Ores, 241.
CORRESPONDENCE.— The Treatment of Ores of
th el Precious Metals; Capital "Wanted in Utah, 234.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— Big Gums and
What They Will Do; Plumbago — Preservation of
Iron; A New Plan for Heating Dwellings; Photo-
graphic Parasols and Wearing Apparel; The Baxter
Canal Steam-boat; A New Belting Material, 235.
■SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Is the Earth Ap-
proaching the Sun?; Comets and Repulsive Force:
Gases Evolved by Molten Iron; The Universal Dif-
fusion of Heat the End of all Energy; Combustion;
Currents of Air Within Cyclones and Water-spouts;
Darwinism, 235.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 237-
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Wheeled Vehicles;
The Omnibus not a New Invention; Restoring Burnt
Iron; The Exclusion of Damp from Brick-work; A
Three-wheeled Omnibus; The Life of Locomotive
Wheels; Car Wheels, 239.
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 238.
GOOD HEALTPC. -When to Get Up; Washing the
Inside of the Body; D.ogs as Propapators of Disease;
Air Required for Respiration; Duet-Spectacles for
the Protection of the Eyes in Various Occupations;
Healthy Old Age; Quick Relief for Burns; To Detect
Bright's Disease, 239.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— How to Roast Beef;
English Dishes; To Mend Tinware; Rich Jelly;
Candy, 239-
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, 236-37
MISCELLANEOUS.— Yosemite; New Process for
Working Gold Ores, 234.
Society of Engineers of California.
A meeting of this society was held on Mon-
day last. Mr. G. W. Dickie in the chair. Pa-
pers presented by W. J. Lewis, C. E.,"On Cal-
culation of Earthworks," and by W. W. Hans-
com, M. E., "On the Screw Propellor." The
paper of the former gentleman was altogether
too technical to be of general interest, and was
drawn oat to too great length. We might sug-
gest a conformity with the customs of similar
societies elsewhere, on the matter of papers of
this oharacter. They are simply interesting as
matters of reference to those pursuing that
branch of .the profession to which the paper re-
lates and should be submitted by title and re-
ferred to the publication committee. Even
those to whom the paper is valuable would
prefer to have it in print where they could re-
fer to it at leisure. But when the author thinks
proper to read the paper he should at least
carefully arrange his manuscript, models, etc.,
in such a manner as to have everything in
proper order before he goes on the platform;
otherwise the audience are under the necessity,
as was the case in this instance, of impatiently
waiting every now and then for five minuted
or so to elapse, while the reader was trying to
find the riibt pa^e. Iq the present age bieviiy
is a valuable adjunct to a paper and the more
condensed the information ihe more chance
there is of its bting read or listened to.
The paper on the Screw Piop^ler, by Mr.
Han-com, was biief and pithy, and advanced
some new views, io which others in the pro
fes=ion take exception. Owing to the lateness
of the hour, discussion on the paper whs post-
poned, altbough Mr. Dickie, of the Kisdon
Works, appeared anxious to give his reasons
f r dlsventing with Mr. Hun^com's views.
The paper will be disoussed at the nest meet-
ing of the society, and as the members will
have time to post themselves on the subject, a
lively and interesting discussion may be ex-
pected. Mr. Hanscom's pjper will appear in
our next i--sue.
All of the mills in Sis and Stv> n Mile oan-
yons are rnnning to their fall capacity.
Watchmaking in San Francisco.
Watchmaking has now become a prominent
manufacturing industry in San Francisco. The
large building recently fitted up on Fourth
Btreet for the Cornell Watch Manufacturing
Company is now quite well filled with machin-
ery. Something over one hundred operators
— about one-quarter of whom are females — find
constant employment there. Still the works
are not yet in foil and oomplete operation.
Their completeness requires time, and it is
really wonderful to see what has been done in
so short a time as has elapsed since the projeot
was first set on foot.
When the project of starting this faotory was
first broached, the idea was received by the pub-
lic with many misgivings. But the skill and
enterprise of the founders and experts, and the
public spirit of several of our prominent capit-
alists has brought the scheme into full realiz-
ation, with a resolution and dispatch which is
highly creditable to their spirit and energy,
and we have no doubt that it will alt>o meet
with the full financial success which it so
richly deserves.
The officers of the company are as follows:
Paul Cornell, President; Oliver Eldridge, Vice-
President; Bank of California, Treasurer; H.
Cox, D, D., Secretary; Charles R. Bacon, Su-
perintendent. Directors, John Parrott, Peter
Donohue, William Norris, Paul Cornell and
Oliver Eldridge. It would be difficult to com-
bine a better or more substantial set of men
for the head of such an establishment in this
or any other city.
A Visit to the Factory.
We took occasion, a few days since, to visit
this interesting scene of industry. We found
Superintendent Bacon — who is evidently the
right man in the light place — at his post, and,
on making known to him the objeot of our visit,
he very politely- and kindly invited us to a
thorough examination, and offered to accom-
pany us through the various departments.
The building is a three-story brick, and well
adapted to the purpose. Everything appears
to be in perfect order and admirably arranged
for the purposes in view. To describe all we
saw would be a task which we are not prepared
to undertake — in fact, such a description could
not be prepared from the observations of a
single visit.
The Machine Shop
Was the first room visited, and, as the founda-
tion of all, is located upon the ground floor.
This department is under the special hupervis-
ion of Mr. G. S. Kendrick, master mechanic,
who has had many years* experience in design-
ing and constructing machinery of this descrip-
tion, and is thoroughly competent to fill so im-
portant a position. A large portion of the ma-
chinery was brought from Chicago, where, it
will be recollected, the factory was first started,
and removed here mainly on account of the
superior fitness of our climate for such delicate
workmanship. It is the policy of the com-
pany to manufacture their own machinery,
tools, implements, etc., which is nearly all of
such a delicate and peculiar character as to
necessarily involve the closest personal inspec-
tion of the experts of the factory itself. The
motive power is also placed in this room, and
consists of a steam engine of 15-horse power.
The Various Departments
Are mostly confined to separate rooms— the
rooms being so arranged as to secure the fullest
advantage of sunlight — for which purpose the
building is admirably located. The depart-
ments are fifteen in number, divided and
named as follows:
The machine shop, the pattern room, the
draughting room, the plate room, the piniou-
forwarding room, pinion finisher, the escape-
ment department, flat steel and screw depart-
ment, the motion department, the balance de-
partment, the jeweling, the gilding, the dial,
finishing and the case departments. The latter
is quite separate from the others, being, in fact,
a business or department of itself. Both sil-
ver and gold cases are manufactured here, of
various styles and prices. In addition to the
various departments there is also the
The Material Room.
The latter is near the center of the building
on the second floor, and is in charge of a lady,
who receives and hands out all the fine stock
and material whioh passes into any of the de-
partments, or from one department to another.
By this system every item of material, finished
or unfinished, is cirefully accounted for, and
can be readily followed by those in charge from
day to day, and from one department to an-
other. This is the enter and heart of the
whole esiablishment, fLom and to which every-
thing fliws in coutinudly recuning currents.
Boih key and stem-winders are turned out by
the Cornell company. The letter though sim-
ple in cunsiruciiou, nevertheless require more
labor in their manufacture ihau the former.
Their great convenience, however, makes them
especially desirable, particularly for the lad es.
Among the variuus kmds of delicate workman-
ship to which ouratten ion was called, was that
of a lady who was provided with machinery
and tools to drill ho'es one eighteen-thousandth
of an inch in diameter!— to our eyes, at least,
absolutely micros opu-al iu size.
The pinion dep.itmeut is very interesting
for it-i miuu'en-ss, and it is upon ihe perfect
execution of this wink that the excellence of
the watch largely depends. The pinions are
| turned out of the best steel wire. About one
hundred pieces are made from a piece of wire
about a foot long, in an almost incredible phort
space of time, and with a precision which is
absolutely astonishing. These pinions work in
jewel sockets, which last have also to be adjust-
ed with the greatest nicety and exactness.
Among the minutiae of the various portions
of the watch, we were shown a small box con-
taining what appeared to the eye to be small
granules or particles of iron. A magnifying
glass was subsequently plaoed in our hands, by
the aid of which we were enabled to perceive
that we were examining a lot" of most perfectly
finished screws, so infinitesimal ly fine that it
requires nearly 190,000 to make a pound troy!
We were informed that some of the pieces that
go to make up a watch were subjected to 20 dis-
tinct operations before they were ready to be put
in place.
The balance department interested us much,
not on account of its minuteness, of course, but
on account of the great care taken in its con-
struction to render that important piece of
mechanism aa far removed as possible from
the evil effects of expansion and contraction by
change of temperature. In most watches but
a single metal is used in the construction of
the balance-wheel; hence variations of temper-
ature cause much inequality in such time-
pieces. All the Cornell watcnes are provided
with balance-wheels consisting of two metals —
steel and brass — so peculiarly and carefully
combined as to reduce their possible variation in
size to the minimum quantity.
And right here we may stop to remark a no-
ticeable and important feature in all the watch-
es turned out at this establishment, and that is
the rapidity of the balance-wheel movement.
A slow motion is much more largely _ affected
by jars than a quick movement. This is an
important consideration in these days of rail-
road travel. It is impossible for a slow move-
ment to be kept regular on a railroad car,
and proportionally so under any other condi-
tion of travel or constant concussion.
A watch is rated at this establishment chiefly
by the value and perfection of its movements,
which vary in price from $16 to about $150.
Any desired class of movements can be placed
in any style of case, silver or gold.
As a Home Institution
The Cornell watch faotory may now be re-
ferred to with pride. Its future will no doubt
be grand and important. It will in time beoome
the most successful and extensive establishment
of the kind in the world. There are several
reasons for this conclusion, whioh any intelli-
gent person cannot fail to foresee. Watohmak-
ingis a business which from the delioacy of its
manipulations requires a mild and uniform
temperature. The extremes of heat or cold are
equally injurious "to its successful prosecution.
There is not another locality in the world
which so well meets these conditions as San
Francisco. The company starts as a progress-
ive institution. It has fitted up its own ma-
chine shop, which it proposes to continue in
constant operation, adding to and increasing
its power for turning out work as fast as the
growing market for its productions shall de-
mand.
The factory is located directly at the gateway
of the great Pacifio ocean, throagh which the
travel of its islands and bordeiing continents
must continue to move with constantly increas-
ing volume, until this city shall become the
great commercial center of the world. New
York has nearly reached the climax of its pos-
sibilities— henceforth it must surely divide its
growth with its sisters on the seaboard and in
the interior. London and other great cities of
Europe are much in the same condition. Cli-
mate is against them, the tide of travel and of
empire is against them all, as compared with
San Francisco, the population of which is
doubling with every decade. Our industrial
enterprises and institutions are also bound to
keep fall pace with our growth. Our mines
and our enterprise makes that a fact beyond
doubt. Japan and China are just opening up
an immense market for watches and a large
line of other industrial products, and is build-
ing up a current of travel which will soon eon-
vert our semi-monthly steamers into a daily
ferry line aoross the Pacific. The chief part of
the industrial supplies for these peoples must
reach them from this city.
When American Watches
Were first talked of, very few people believed
in them. It was thought that the skill which
two or three oenturies had given to European
operatives . would have to be of similar slow
growth here — especially was this considered
certain when our capitalists were unable to buy
foreigu machinery at any piice or induce for
eign laborers to come here to any extent. It
was probably wt-ll tnat we were thrown upon
our own resources. The Yankee never dtes
better than when he is rtduced t> j ist that
extremity. That was bis opportunity in th>-
watch basiness, and he went to work in his
own wi y, invented machinery after his own
ideas, and can now discount, by large odd-*, the
best machinery and the best workma' ship which
Europe cin produce. The American watcb,
and watch manufacture is to-day as far iu nd-
vance of ihat of Europe as is our skill iu the
manitfactute of the revolver or the sewing ma-
chine. Aud so it wnl ever be with any class of
instruments which are made by what is tech-
nically calL d "assembling" — whr-n any part of
nue machine ism-ide to answerthe same purpose
in any orber mt>chin- of the hiime pattern and
~ize. Th;s is, an i ever will be, the result of
the superiority of machine work over hand
lubsr, wbirh last'enters iu:o every dep ntujen
i f construction, much more largely in Europe
than here.
But we have extended this article alto-
gether beyond the limits intended, and that
too, we fear, without giving our readers- what
they probably expeoted at the outset — something
of a mechanical idea of what a watch factory is.
The fact is, we found there was too much to
learn and describe in a single visit, and if the
patience of Superintendent Bacon and our
readers both hold out, we propose to repeat
our visit at some future time, and so inform
ourselves as to be able to tell more of what the
Cornell watch factory really is — leaving its fu-
ture to its own praotical demonstration. Mr.
Cornell is determined to make the enterprise a
success in every particular. By the partiality
of his associates, his name has been indis-
solubly connected with its existence, and he is
resolved to make the institution his life's,
monument.
A Disastrous Explosion.
A fearful explosion of Giant Powder ocour-
red on Hathaway's wharf, at Bincon Point, on
Wednesday afternoon, by which several lives
were lost and a large amount of property was
destroyed. About 150 pounds of Giant Pow-
der had been brought from the factory in the
morning, for blasting operations in removing
Bincon Book, in the- bay, and this powder
caused the explosion which resulted in such
loss of life and property. The rock is very
near the wharves, and Clark, the foreman, went
to the office on shore to prepare the cartridges
for a blast. While doing this the explosion
took place.
The most probable reason for the explosion
is given in the following statement by George
Green, a blacksmith who worked on the rook:
I went into Bisdon's office with Mr. Clark
and Joe Corran to have a talk- I used to work
for Mr. Bisdon. Mr. Clark went into the office
to get tho cartridges ready for blasting. He took
the loose powder out of a box filled with pow-
der and put this powder into tin cans with a
wooden scoop through a hole about one and a
half inches large. He had filled one can and
placed it on the table and placed two empty
cans near the box and commenced filling them.
The box with powder was standing on the floor
from which he filled the cans. He then lighted
his pipe and sat down on an empty box along-
side the powder. He was crossing his legs
which jarred his pipe in his mouth, from which
dropped some fire into the box of powder. He
then tried to extinguish this spark of fire
with his finger pressing on it, when after*
moment the powder in the box blazed up, on
seeing this I ran out to a distance of about 50
feet, when I heard an explosion take place.
He had a number of fuses prepared with the
caps on the end of them. These were some
three or four feet from the can of powder on
the table. There were two more cases of pow-
der in the room; also, two small tin boxes,
which I think ooatained caps, standing on the
table. There were also some paper cartridges,
with powder, in a box in the room.
I only saw one oan filled and two com-
menced on, but I do not know if there were
other cans filled or not.
Exactly how the explosion took place will
never be known but this statement is probably
nearly the truth. Still, in all probability,
some of the cans on the table had the fuses on
them or the caps and fuses were nearer the
powder than Green thought, and their discharge
fired the powder. The Giant Powder company
have made experiments in this direction and
find that by firing 100 caps within six inches
of a box of powder it would explode; but a foot
and a half away it would not. These experi-
ments have been numerous and exhaustive,
and with 100 caps each time. When the pow-
der which caught from the spark of the pipe
blazed up it probably set off the fuse and caps
and discharged one oan of powder, whioh in
torn set off the rest. With such a blaze as so
much powder would make, the fuse might be
easily fired close to the lower edge and dis-
charge the caps and powder. People smoking
pipes around powder might expect accidents
and it shows Clark's confidence in it that he
should do so. Black powder under such con-
ditions would not have allowed Green to get
away but would have exploded, not burned.
Clark has been handling this powder for some
years and was probably careless with it.
Corran, his assistant, may have also prepared
other cans or cartridges, which exploded at the
same time. Fuses with caps prepared, boxes
of open powder on the table and floor, aud a
lighted pipe were good ma'erials for an acci-
dent Hnd this wa6 a fearful one.
Hathaway's large bonded warehouse was de-
stroyed with its ooi'tents, as were also a num-
ber of smaller buildings. The loss of property
foots up ahout $60J,000. The killed were
Frederick Hus-e, James Mcintyre, O ark,
Brown and Jesse Langdon, and o hers of the
injurtd will proballv die. Besides those in-
jured by the explosion, numbering ten. four
firemen were tadly butt; one haviog h.s leg
broken, another h;s shoulder and knee dis-
located, anoh^r his arms Hnd ribs fractured,
and the other b idly burned. The firemen will
probably recover. B'it Kicbard Bichaid-s B.
Thompson »nd Wm. Knight, of the wounded,
ure not expected to livd. The accident was a
mo-t a*ful and fatal one, »nd should w»rn
o hers do' to be caiel' ss witu d muerous e^li-
-ives. If the bum ng powd r hid Iteeu thrown
into he street before it igmted the fits s an 1 ex-
ploded the other c i s no harm would have en-
dued; but in such cases people almost always
lose their presence of mind.
April 10, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
241
Reduction of Quicksilver Ores— Patera's
Process.
There is, perhaps, no other ore, the redac-
tion of which is attended with such a propor-
tionate loss, as ore containing quicksilver.
Patera, in describing bis new method for the
redaction of cinnabar ore states that ia Idria
(Austria), the loss of quicksilver used to
amount to from 46 to 48 per cent, in the rever-
beratory furnaces, 59 to 74 in the shaft fur-
naces, and 7 to 9 per cent, in rt torts.
He explains the causes of this grtat loss as fol-
lows:
1. The ore is fed into the reverboratory fur-
DBOes as coarse sand and in small pieces; iuto
the shaft furnaces in larger and even veiy Urge
pieces. There remains, therefore, in the fur-
naces some of the cinnabar which is not prop-
erly roasted.
2. The temperature applied is always very
high, and in consequeuoe the quicksilver fumes
become very much expanded, and are ihere-
fore difficult to condense.
3. The temperature and draft in the rever-
beratory and shaft furnaces caonot be properly
regulated; and an excess of atmospheric air
with the products of combustion of the fuel
and carbonio acid of the ore, mixed with the
already much expanded quicksilver fumes,
pafis through the condensers, preventing, to a
great extent, the condensation of the fumes.
4. The porous mason-work of the rev« rbera-
tory and shaft furnaces absorbs much of the
quicksilver, which can
only be recovered when
the furnace is torn
I down.
I 5. The above con-
ditions demand very
(large condensing cham-
bers, which ogain entail
considerable loss.
I Having ascertained
line causes of loss, tbe
(remedy can be found
[according to Patera, as
I follows:
1. Reduce the ore
(into smaller particlea.
I 2. Select a furnace
[ which allows the regu-
lation of the tempera-
tare and the admission
I of air, and
I 3. In which the pro- I
ducts of combustion j
] have not to pass through (
I the condensers.
I 4. The furnace se-
lected should not absorb
any quicksilver fumes,
aud then
5. "We shall not have
any necessity for snch
a large and complicated
condensing apparatus.
On these principles
Patera has based his
process, aud construct-
ed the furnace with
which he made his firRt
experiments, and which
ia shown in the accom-
panying engravings.
The furnace A (Fig.
8) contained a cast iron
tube 2% inches in diam-
eter and \x/% feet long.
It was open at a and
was connected at 0 with
a glass tube of equal
diameter and two feet
long. Then followed
several "Wolf's appara-
tuses (which need no
detailed description)
and last came an ex-
hauster, E, which drew
the air slowly through
the whole apparatus.
About three inches
from the furnace was a
thermometer, (, inserted
in a glass tube, to ob-
serve the temperature
during the whole oper-
ation; on several other
parts of the apparatus
were other thermome-
ters for the same pur-
pose. The first experi-
ment was to ascertain
how small the ore pieces
have to be, so that the
ore will be completely
roasted, or all the quick-
silver expelled at a low trmperature. To this
end samples of ore of different sizes, which
contained from one to two per oent., were
lieated moderately iu a porcelain cup, so that
the cup did not get red hot. After two hours
beating the ore was pulverized in an agate
mor ar, and assayed.
The m st suiUble size for the ore is that of
prety fine grains of sand, because after one
hour's heating, no more trace of quicksilver
could be lound. The ore reduced to this size
was put in the pipe or sheet iron saucers; the
temperature was kept low, say from 400° to
, bo that the pipe did not get red hot.
The thermometer three inches from the fur-
nace rose from 70- to 80-, aud here occurred the
greatest condensation; at tbe end of the tube
ltsa was noticed. The thermometers at
the other parts of the apparatus did not indi-
cate any rise jn temperature. It sometimes
happened, particularly in treating rich oreB,
that sni"ll quantities of fumes passed in an op-
low temperature. It is easily kept tight, and
the draft ia easily produced by connecting the
outlet of the oonoenalnfl apparatus with the
fireplace, and regulating it by valves or damp-
ers. Paten was unable to introduce his process
until he himself constructed a furnace made
like the oue shown in the engraving.
Tbe apparatus represented bv Figures 1 to 7
consists in a oast iron retort, M, with condens-
Section through. A B
Scale 1 to 24 in Vienna Feet=12.45 English
PATERA'S aUICKSILVEK FURNACE AND CONDENSER.
ranged in the usual way, as can be seen from
the drawings.
The front of the retort is closed by an iron
cover, which haB two openings, a, a, one inch
in diameter, from which lead iron pipes which
admit air and allow the operator to look inside
during ihe operation. To protect tbe laborers
from tbe fumes which might esoape through
these openings, a hose, b, is attached to the
end of tbe iron pipe, which leads into an open
vessel, c, wherein the escaping quicksilver may
be collected. This vessel may be of iron, or of
brick and cement, whichever is most con-
venient.
At the back end of the retort, at c, the first
condensing pipe is attached. It has there ex-
actly the same incline as the tt tort, but towards
c* the bottom forms a bind of trough, slanting
towards c". At the deepest point is a pipe for
the outlet of the quicksilver, and opposite is
another one, 1 1 admit of the first being cleaned.
The condensing pipe is closed by a cover,
which has two openings: the one K is two
inches in diameter and leads to the other con-
densing apparatus; tbe other openiog is closed,
as it is only a spare one. In the top of the
condensing pipe is a hole, T, for a thermome-
ter, by whica the temperature of the passing
fumes can be noticed. At E the connection
with the other condensing apparatus is made.
This consists in a system of clay pipes, of two
inches in diameter, which terminate, finally,
in the fire-place. At several points in the sys-
tem of pipes, holes are provided, which can be
closed, so that the operator can see whether
oomplete condensation has taken place.
To effect a rapid condensation the pipes
ought to be large and kept cool by water; by
means of a partition the fumes are compelled
to pass close to the side of the condenser,
which produces, also, a very good effeot. The
thermometer, T, at the condenser near the re-
tort, showed a tempera-
ture from 210c to 230° C,
whereas, it showed at
the other end, say about
three feet distant, hard-
ly 30O. Tbe length of
the first large conden-
sing pipe for different
sized furnaces is some-
what difficult to deter-
mine. For Patera's ex-
perimental furnace the
pipe waB four feet long,
and he found, at the
end of the operation,
most of the quicksilver
in the part near the
retort. He therefore
thinks it advantageous
to contract the conden-
sing pipe suddenly after
the first wide one. It is
difficult to determine
the length of this part
of the condensing ap-
paratus. In working
100 pounds of ore of
1.50 to 3.06 per cent.,
he had a condenser nine
feet long, and found
that considerable fumes
passed iu the fire-place.
He then lengthened the
apparatus to 12, and
finally to 24 feet, and
could find only small
traces of quicksilver
where the fumes passed
into the fire place.
The manufacture of
such small clay pipes is
not difficult. Patera
considers sheet iron the
best material for the
first large condensing
pipe; further on, clay
pipes are preferable.
The whole operation
takes about two hours,
and at the beginning
the fires should be very
slow. The residue of
ore of 3.06 per cent,
contained .05 per cent.,
and the pure quicksil-
ver amounted to from
to 90 per cent. The
sheet iron condensing
pipe is coated inside
with "hartenlaok" (a
hard varnish), and out-
Bide with platinum
paint.
The advantages
claimed for this process
are: the greater per-
centage obtained; the
purity of the product;
and prevention of the
foimation of soot.
posite direction to the current of air out at the
eud, a, of the pipe, when the temperature rose.
To prevent this and to protect the laborer, the
pipe was closed at a, and a pipe applied to the
middle of the cover. With this apparatus tbe
ores were tes'ed as to quantity. Iu this man-
ner Patera got 85.07 of the quicksilver con-
tained in 2.08 per cent, ore; in richer ore he
got from 91 to 94 per cent. ; the quicksilver con-
tained very little soot.
Encouraged by the resu't* of these esperi-
men s, Patera obtained a patent in 1871. The
furnace is a very simple oue, on account of the
ing apparatus. The bottom of the retort is
twj feet wide; it is nine inches high, and ten
feet long; three inches of each side rest on the
brick wall, and three inches project beyond the
rear wall, to connect with the condensing ap-
paratus. Therefore, it gives four square feet
heating surface of the retort botlom, available
for the spreading of the ore to ba retorted.
As 100 pounds of quick ilver ore of two to
three per cent., and reduced to that fintnes*,
oci-npy one cubic foot, there may b-; spread
100 pounds of ore on the heating surface in a
layer three inches thick. The furnace is ar-
An Immense Flume.
The Fresno lumber and flume company,
in Fresno county, are consimcting under
the supervision of George H. Perrin a flume
which when completed will be fifty-four miles
in length and is what is known as a V flume.
It will be thirty-eight inches across tbe top.
It staTts near the Fresno Big Trees and
will end at some point on the Southern
Pacific rairoad. It is intended to carry
su°ar-pine lumber to the railroad from tbe
mills uf the company. Twenty-four miles of
this flume are already completed. The entire
cost of this flume will be near $250,000.
242
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[April 10, 187J
TDBZIE IKIIfcTOIX: <Sc OSBOE/W
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
THIS FUENACE REDUCES OINNABAE, (EOOK OE PINE EARTH.) AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
And at LESS
COST per ton than any other "furnace. It will wori continuously Twelve to Twenty-lour
mouths without stopping.
NO M-A.TV HA.S EVER BEEN SiVX.IVA.TEX>
Or' otherwise affected by the mercury about the furnace, either in operating it or making repairs. For full
particulars, plans, e'e, apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
We refer any party desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining Companies,
where the furnace may he seen in successful operation:
The Manhattan Mine in Napa County.
The Redington Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The PhceDix Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma Ccunty.
The Annie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Cloverdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The California Borax Company (Sulphur Banks), Lake County.
The Abbott Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Oerro Bonito Mine, Fresno County.
KNOX & OSBORN.
DURYEA'S SATIN GLOSS STARCH
AND
DURYEA'S IMPROVED CORN STARCH
-A.ro the Best in the World.
USE IT ONCE AND YOU WILL USE NO OTHER.
For Sale t>y All Grocers.
OE3STTE3Srisri^L PACKI1TG.
SELF-LUBRICATING.
IFOR.
Locomotive
Marine and
Stationary
EN GINES.
FOR
Steam Pumps
AND
Hot or Cold
Water Pumps
OF A'.L KINDS.
Pit
The Messrs. Duryeatuve suceeded in refining Starch to entire purity and developing it1* entire strength and clear-
ness, an improvement that will be readily perceived in the great Btrengch of the Starch, the superior luster that lfc
gives, ind in its reliable uniformity. Much of the so-called starch contains from one-fourth to one-third foreign mut-
ter. Teadily perceived by sourness, mustiness, or a golden yellow tinge, peculiar to inferior starches, a color notdesira-
able foi.one s linen, but insepirable from the use of common starch. They pledge themselves to the publio to give a
uniformly Bupt-r or article, Irom one-fourth to one-third stronger than any other starch in the world, and at the com-
mon market rates.
EGERTON, ALLEN & CO., Sole Agents for the Pacific Coast
San Francisco, California.
The CENTENNIAL is composed of the finest Hemp, made in strands or sections, of different sizes, each be-
in* salura™ in a compo itlon of pure Sennan Black Lead and Tallow and covered Wi th a braidm* of the best
Italian Hemo to be found in the market. It is manufactured in a shape he roost ; convenient to use and
handle, and gives from 60 to 100 per cent, more length compared with an equal weight of other makes. It runs
with less friction on the rod than any other Packing made, from the fact of its being so P^c'ly soft and
pliable, and so well lubricated so to require a minium pressure on the rod.
feet joints, is easily adjusted to any size rod, and only requires ^stouallya^ew ri£g^00*e|pJV^L°c0
full. ENOINEEB3, TRY IT. ~ ' "'" " n n-,.i,wr.i I . .,, n * r.i jk.IoCO.
For sale in any quantity by
eow
It cuts off smooth and makes per-
_ new ring to keep the stuffing b<
TKEADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE
AND MILL CO.
30, 32 & 34 Spear St.
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors.
Manufacturers of
WATER TANKS. SHIP
TANKS, MINING
■WOEK,
WINE, BEER AND LTQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
Cooperage and Tanks, Steamed
and Dried Before or After
Manufacture at Reason-
able Rates.
Sawing-. Planing-, etc.
at Short Notice.
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILEK FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFGr. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Ohioago, 111.
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us for the best
In the great National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1871, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated |
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
"We have made Rpecial shipping arrangements for very low freights and quiok dispatch of our saws for the
Pacific Coast. C^-ONLT SEVKN DATS BY MalL FROM SAN FR\NOiSCO.""^H Send your address for a full I
report of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of saws that >ou use, with the thickness, rize and
kind that you use, and specify such as you will require within the next 60 days. Wn wilt guarantee to furnish
you with saws that have no equal in quality, and at prices that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting: Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont & Natoma
streets, S. F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use.
■ SEND FOR OIROULAR
N. B. — Also manufacturer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double-Acting Force Pnuip.
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San c'rancinco.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
BETHESDA MINER AL~ S PRING WATER
Of Waukesha, "Wisconsin.
We claim Bethesda to be a specific in all cases of Diabetes Inflammation of the Kidneys, Inflammation of
the Neck of the Bladder and Urethra, Inflammation of the Bladder, Dropsy. Gouty Swellings. Stoppage of Urine,
Albumeiiuria, Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Dust Deposit; Thick, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine,
with Bone Dui-t Deposits; Burning Sensation with Sharp PaiDS when v iding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys,
Pain in the Kidneys and Loins, Turpid Liver Indigestion, Calculus, and Female Weakness.
There is no remedial aaent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases as effectually as Bethesda
Water. This fast has been demonstrated wherevt^ the water has been u^ed according to directions, which can
be had at the General Agent-s' by application to them. The water is sweer and pleasant to the taste. It can be
drank at all hours. Why should any one suffer while thiB Water is so easily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fttn-eow-bp-Sm 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FRANCISCO.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
243
'ueilie lUachmcrv Depot.
H. P. G-REG-ORY,
1* and 16Firatit.,8. P.
oleAarent for Paciflo Coast for J. A. Fay A Go's Wood-
work i nii Machinery, Blake's Pa' en' Steam Pumps.
Tanlte Co'h Emery Wheel-* and Machine. Fitch-
burs Machine Co's Macliijtst'B Tools, Edson'a
Recording Sieam Gauge. Trinmpn Fire Ex-
tioffUinher. Also on hand and for Sale:
turte*«nt'» Blowers and Exhaust Funs, John A. Rceh-
lin :'a Sons' Wire Rone. Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting P-Tin's French Band Saw Blades,
Planer Kmvee Nathan A Dreyfus Glass
Oilers, and Mill and Mining Supplies
of all kind*. P. O. Box 163.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
EXTBA HEAVY AJTO'IMPEOVED PATTERNS,
•CTNAM MACHINE CO.,
Manutactubeb.
ATHE8, PLANERS, BOKINQ MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CTJTTEB8, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, BLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINE3 ON HAND. GEAB
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PAEKB & LACY,
310 California Street, S. P
■DWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATBE3, 48 Inches swing
tnd smaller: VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for Jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DKlLLy, 36 iDcheB and smaller, and other Machiniets'
{Tools.
00R. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
JWM. HAWKINS. T. G. OANTRELL
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT
H.PGREGORY
J ^L 50L£. AGE N.T FOR THE.. 'g
wmmMwk
1.4 "MS FiR'ST;ST -- SAN-i?RANC!S§0'
PAG I F ID WAe'H'^OlP O T
GUARANf EE-D PQRE:0AK TANNED
LEarHERM
U8..IG FIRST S3 S/\ti FRANCISCO
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided merits. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Economy in Fpel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Smill Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Snle.
B^" Call and see it or send for Circulars.
J.M.KEELEH& CO.. Aert8.,30ei0al.St.,S.F
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills
[PATENTED MAY 2*TH, 18T4.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Suftt. of QuarU J/i/i* and Mining Hen general!]/;
We take pleasure In stating thnt owing to the rapid
tnereaM in our orders, our Pit'sburg Manufacturers
I n compelled to add largely to tht-lr works—
a new gaK furnace and heavier trip hammer— ami are
thus enabled to reduce the coxt of i-teel and at the
same time product- Suues and J'ikb superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently rednoed Etta
price to 16 ceota per pound and solicit atrial order,
guarurtet-liig that you will find them at U-aht 10 pur
cent- cnesper than the best iron. Then are nn Steel
Shoes and Diks made excepting undt-r our patent and
sold at this i llic, or by nnr authorized agents, though
certain Ear-tern manufacturer* advertise Stkkl Sunn
and Qua which are only cant iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sett* of common Iron, though culled .-n.-l , They are
very brittle and are n -t capable nf being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
hici-L smu.ri mid Diks are In u e in many of the largeHt
mills on the Pticiuc Coast, and all who have, tried them
pronounce them cheaper aud far superior to iron in
every r- upect, even at the old price of 20 ceDts per
pound. Their advantages over Iron are cheupness on first
ooat, increased crushing capacity, time Paved in chang-
ing ami in settiug tappets, increa e i value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and cbipplngn, and a Bavins of
76 per cent. In freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory Eat-t. Price lii cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal, ■!- — tIWBE^
Address all orders, with 'dimensions, to
lv29-3m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO.. Eoom 1, Academy Building, S. F.
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIGHEST PEEMITJIVt
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cIbco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated under the oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
C; it then becomes greasy steam, paBseB to all the
valves and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glass
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rod-- and stems lasts longer, and the rihus on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will last from three
to six days, according to speed and size of engine; T,
sliding gauge; K, valve to shut off when engine stopps;
H, F, valves to shut off in case of frost; steam does not
enter the enp; it is always cool; warranted t' give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Man ifacturedby
California Brass Works. 125 First street, 8 F. 24v23
PAO/F/C * MACHINERY 'DEPOT
HP GREGORY
LE AGENT
FITCHBUR6 MACHINE G°1s
MACHINISTS*
MACHINERY.
Iron and Wood-working Machinery, Wood Planers,
Lathes, Mitre and Cutting-off 8aws, Iron Turning and
Screw Cutting Lathes, Planers, Shapers and Drilling
Machines, Screw and Scroll Chucks, from the best
makers, always on hand and for sale cheap by
NETLAN & YOTJNG,
mar27eow 18 & 20 Spear Street, S. F.
[vlipipg JVlachijiery.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description see Mintng and Scientific Peebs,
March 6, 1875.
For Cleaning' Quicksilver Before "Using- it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
■X.J3 Jga
AMERICAN TURBINE WATER WHEEL
Recently improved and submitted to thorough Bcien-
tiflc tests by JameB Emerson, showing the following
useful effect of the power of the water utilized, being
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, h£ 60.08; H 69.64; % 78.73
% 82.63; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emerson says: " These are the "best aver-
age results ever given by any Turbine Wheel
in my experience."
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnished on application to
TREADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific States and Territories.
1 8v29-eow-tf
TEATS' PATENT FURNACE
*"or Roasting-, Desulphurizing, Chloridizing
and Oxidizing Ores, etc. For the reduction of
Gold. Silver, Lead aud tther oreB, saviDg a larger per-
centage, at less enst, than any other inven'ion now in
ubh. Chloridizing Silver ore more thoroughly, in leas;
time, with less fuel, salt and labor; also roasting Lead
ore preparatory to smelting, better and cheaper than
any other invention. The Furnace is so constiucted
that one man, of ordinary ability, tendB five or mon
furnaces; controls them with ease; adding heat or air;
stopping or starting at will; charging and discharging
with ease. Also, Patent ''Conveying Cooler," for con-
veying and cooling roasfed ores, heating the water for
amalgama*ion and the boilers at the Esme time. Saving
the large space in mill (covered with brick or iron),
and the labor of two men per day, exposed, to the pois-
onous chlorine gapes. Also, Patent Air Blast "Dry
Kiln." for drying ores direct from the mine or breaker,
saving fuel and labor heretofore necessary in drying
or.es for dry pulverizing. For description refer to
Mining and Scientific Pbess, No. 18, October 31, 1874.
For particulartj address
D. B. MILLER & CO.,
No. 12 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
Circulars, &c., will be furnished, if required.
18v29-3m
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
Thia machine, complete, weight 1,. WO Ion. Has an iron
frame, five *teol arm* with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which Btrike 2.0 0 blows per minute, in & mortar provided
with sereins oo bmh sUies. and crufchea fine 800 Iba. per
hour. reqolniiK one-noree power io drive It. Has been
thoroughly tested, itnri '» guaranteed to give eo-d satis-
faction. PRICK, 9000.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf 815 California street. San Francisco.
jMetalllirgy apd Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
S12 and 514 Washington street. SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and veil adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND —
Chemical Apparatus*
Having been engaged In furnishing these supplies sine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
t3~ Our Oold and Stiver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at djJXarent degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays In Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR h OO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
Theae Machinei Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and Increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed bo aa to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows;
The pan being filled, the motion of the mailer forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is t brown to the periphery Into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it Is constantly passing aregular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore Is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Sellers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly In con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setters
for themselves, at the office. 229 Fremont Street,
San Frsneino*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
31 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HUHN,
C. A. LTTCKHARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODG-ERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
All VANCES MAKE
<•» Mil kind, of Ore., and particular atteat-lo.
PAID TO
CONSIGNS! J!STS OF "WOJB.
ivl64m
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
nse of the Blow-pipe.
HENRY G. HANKS
Will receive a few pupils at his hew laboratory, 617
Montgomery stroet, np-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. 8. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
Assaycr and Meta.llursrioa.2
CHEMIST,
So. 611 Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U . S. Branch Mint
Sab Fbamoisoo Oal. 7v2L-8m
244
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[April io, 187
Oakland Beal Estate.— No city in this
State equals Oakland in irs general improve-
ments and rapid growth. The building of the
State University upon its very border, the large
court house for Alameda county, several large
and new churches, together with the $200,000
appropriation by the Government for _ the im-
provement of its inland channels, stimulates
great confidence in the future of San Fran-
cisco s sister across the bay. Oakland may
well be proud'of her public and private educa-
tional institutions. Its population is, in a
great measure at least, now composed largely
of people who choose a quiet home rather than
the clatter and bustle of a great city. It has
more advantages than we can stop to name,
and people in the mines and agricultural dis-
tricts are constantly investing in real estate in
Oakland and vicinity for present and prospect-
ive homes. We think men are prone to_ make
less wise investments. Parties who wish to
post themselves further on the future pros-
pects of Oakland, and to learn of the best
chances offering tor the sale of lots in Oakland
and laud in Alameda county, are confidently
referred to the advertisement of Messrs.
Bigelow & Kowell in the Bttkal Press. These
gentlemen, long residents of Oaklaud, are
among its most enterprising and respected citi-
Wateb Pipe. — The necessity, in many sec-
tions of the State, for utilizing the water supply
in the most economical manner, causes the
demand for water pipe to increase with the
development of our agricultural and mineral
resources. While the mild and equable char-
acter of the climate renders the expensive and
laborious method of laying pipe needed to
guard against the severe winters of the Eastern
States unnecessary here, the wants of the agri-
culturalist and miner have made it highlv
profitable to them to make use of this means
for conveying water from the base of supply
to points where it is required for use. So
general has this now become that there is
hardly a farmer but uses more or less water
pipe, while in the mining districts miles of iron
tubing conduct the reserved floods of the
mountain streams to aid man in unveiling
earth's hidden wealth. Prominent among the
different qualities of pipe in this market is
that of the Graff Tube Works, at Pittsburg, Pa.
The pipe of this company has achieved an
excellent reputation, and loses nothing "by
being offered to the public through the^ageucy
of Mr. James L. Barker, 406 and 408 Market
street* The grades most in demand on this coast
vary from % inch to four inches in diam-
eter and weigh from .42 to 18 77 pounds per
loot. Mr. Barker keeps a large quantity of
wrought and galvanized pipe of these dimen-
sions in stock, and offers it at prices which
compare favorably with those of other dealers.
General News Items.
A few days ago, in Gilroy, Mrs. Anna Babb's
little boy, three years old, drank a pound of
quicksilver, which he found in a bottle in an
old trunk, while playing. A physician was
sent for, who administered some light remedy.
The child gave no other indication of having
taken the mercury than drowsiness. The met-
al did not leave the stomach for ten days.
A writer in the Visalia Delta states that Tu-
lare lake contains twice the area usually as-
cribed to it, its length being seventy-five miles
and breadth thirty miles.
A mare belonging to Asa Butler, of San
Benito, California, gave birth, a few days since,
to two colts, one having five legs and tne other
but three.
The San Diego World bas changed hands.
It still remaiup Democratic in polities.
The waste dump of the Virginia City coal
company, in El Dorado canyon, is on fire, and
has been burning for about three days. It is
supposed that it took fire from cinders thrown
out from under the grates of the engine fur-
nace. The dump is composed of a mixture of
coal and dirt. The fire burns in a Bmoldering
way and can do no damage, as the dump is at
a distance from where the vein crops out.
A new double working shaft has been started
in the Carolina mine, 150 feet east of the old
prospecting shaft. The miue is 850 feet east
of the Wells-Fargo, on the Comstock. The
ledge is from 40 to 50 feet wide, and assays
average from $15 to $20 in silver and gold—
about two-thirds in silver.
A SUFFOCATING COUGH.
In a letter from Mrs. Charlotte Lisle, of Chicago, a
lady well known as a contributor to the western press,
she ascribes the cure of a dangerous cough, accompanied
by bleeding at the lungs, to Hale's Hones op Hore-
hound and Tab. " My cough," she savs, " threatened
to suffocate me * * * * , but the Honey of Hore-
hound and Tab has removed every trace of it." The let-
ter was to a lady friend in this city, who has placed it
at the disposal of C. N. Crittenton. 7 Sfxth avenue.
Pike's Tooih-Ache Dbops -Cure in one minute.
Santa Claba, Cal., April 6th, 1875.
Messrs. Dewey & Co.— Gents:— We have juist received
Patent No. 160,535, for J. T. Watkins & Co's Mammoth
Road Grader, which was patented through your Agen-
cy. It is the neateBt and best that we have ever re-
ceived. We feel proud of it and thankful to you for tha
can? and attention that you have given it, and when
we have anything to do in that line of business we will
surely give you a call. Very respectfully,
J. T. Wat-ions & Co.
Woodw abp's Gabdens embraces an Aquari.mi, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skatfug Risk.
IATENTS & INVENTIONS.
A Weekly List of D. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[From Official Bepobts fob the Mining and 3cien
TTFIO PBEaS, DEWEY & 00., P0BLI9HEB8 and
U. 8. AND FOBEION PATENT AGENTS.]
By Special Dispatch. Dated Washington,
D. O., April 6, 1875.
Fob Week Endino Maboh 23.
Tool fob Tobninq Metal — Chas. Oummings,
Virginia City, Nev.
Bed-Bug Tbap.— John L. HawMns, San Qaen-
tin, Cal.
Wagon-Brake Block, — William Hendriok, Mo-
desto, Cal.
Wateb-Wheel and Htdbauho Govebnob. —
Frederick G. Hesse, Oakland, Cal.
Htdbadlio Engine. — William L. Smith, S. F.,
Cal.
Vacuum Belief Valve fob Wateb Pipes. —
Philip Hinkle, S. F„ Cal.
Grain Separator. — Michael O'Brien, S. F. ,
Cal.
Amalgamator. — John Rutherford. S. F., Cal.
Fbdit Jab. — Pierre F. Darcne, S. F., Cal.
Demijohn Case. — Carlton Newman, S. F., Cal.
Re-Issue.
Band Sawing Maohine. — Olpha Bonney, S.
F., Cal.
'The patentB are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after the date of issue.
Note. — Ooples of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Oo., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast Inventors transacted with
perfeot seourltF aud in the shortest possible time.
METALS.
[WHOLESALE.]
Thubsday m., April 7, 1875.
George Wilson, formerly contributor of the Mining
and Scientific Press, will please address this office.
American Pig Iron, ^ ton
Suotcti Pig iron, $t ton
White Pig, # ton
Oregon Pig, $ ton ...
Rbfined Bar, bad assortment. «* lb
Refined Ear, good assortment, r$ lb
Boiler, No. 1 to 4
Plate, No. 5 to 9
Sheet, No. 10 to II
Sheet, No. U to 20
Sheet, No. 24 to 27
Horse Shoes, per keg
Nail Rod
Norway Iron
Rolled Iron
Other Irona for Blacksmiths, Miners, etc
OOPPEB.—
Braziers'.."
Copper Tin'd
O. Mel's Pat
Sheathing, jg lb
Sheathing, Yellow
Sheathing, Old Yellow
Composition Nails
Oora posi t ion Bolts
Tin Plates.—
Plates, Charcoal, IX $ box
PlateB, IOOharooal
EPlatm, I. 0
Platin.I.X
Rooflntt Plates
BancaTio, Slabs, $ lb
Steel.— English Oast, $ lb
Anderson k. Woods' American Cast,
Drill
Flat Bar
Plow Steel
ZlNO
Zinc, Sheet
Mails— Assorted sizes
Quicksilver, per lb -
[d\ 46 00
W 48 00
SI 46 00
@ 46 00
3},
4
3H
5S
-E-
J — 24
i — 25
i — I2,s
14 00 @ 14 00
12 00 ® 12 50
12 — & 12 50
14 — @ 14 50
11 00 (a) 11 50|
- 82 ^ — 33
- 20 @ - 25
@ - 16M
- — © - 16&
- 18 J) - 22
- 9 ®— 10
- — (S> — 11
n w @ n 60
4 25 m b on
70 — @ — SO
LEATHER.
[WHOLEBALE.]
Olty Tanned Leather, $* lb 26@29
Santa Oruz Leather. ?» lb 26@29
Country Leather, # lb 24@28
Stockton Leather, if* !b 25@29
Jodot, 8 Kil.. per doz ...*60 00® 54 00
Jodot, 11 to 13 Kil.. per doz 68 OOiffi 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz 82 00@94 00
Jodot. second uhoice, 11 to lti Kil. ^S doa. 57 """- "
Oornellian,12 to 16 So 57
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 R3
Cornellian Females. 14 to- 16 Kil 71
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil ,...60
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 __.
Simon Ullmo Feinalea, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00
Simon, 18 K.il.,» doz 61 00
Simon, 20 Kil. » doz 65 OOl
Simon. 24 Kil. $ doz 72 00C .
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00(g) 4*1 00
French Kips, f> lb 1 00a I V>
California Kip, « doz 40 00@] P »
French Sheep, all colors, ?i doz 8 OOto 15 00
Eastern Gall for Baoks, ft lb 1 Wfai 1 25
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, iS doz 9 00@ 15 00
Sheep Roane for Linings, $ doz 5 50a 10 50
California Rnssett Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
Best Jodot Calf Boot Lege, $ pair 5 00® 5 25
Good French Calf Boot Legs, $ pair 4 00® 4 75
French Calf Boot Legs,$ pair 4 00®
Harness Leather, $ ft 30® 37^
Fair Bridle Leather. W dos 48 00® 72 00
Skirting Leather, ^t lb 33® n^.
Welt Leather,* doz 30 OOi
Bnff Leather, m foot... 17(
Wax Side Leather, » foot 17*
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Oharleb Suteo A Co.]
Legal Tenders in S. F., 11 a. m., 87!& to 88M-
Gold Babs, 890. Silveb Baes, 4 aud 4^6 per cent, dis-
count.
Exchange on N. Y., J{ per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, \% and 'i per cent, discount.
Currency, 14 per cent. On London— Bankers, 49Jf: Com-
mercial, 50. Pans, 5 francs per dollar.
London— Consols, 93 to 93J£; Bonds. 103J4: Liverpool
Whe»t9». 3d.; 9s. 7d : Club Hs. 5d. ; 9s.ll
Qoioksilveb in S. F., by the flask, per lb. 8lc®90c
T. A. MoOoemiok. Oscab Lewis. J. McCormick,
McCormick. Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON "WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Particu-
lar attention given to Architectural Iron Wort.
233 and 235 BEALE STREET,
Bet. Howard and Folsom Streets, SAN FRANCIPCO.
I
HGHI1 ffiS BY CONTRACT.
Estimates River. !'or Special Work of every
description. Are fully equipped with first-
class Machinery ami Tools.
The Hull & Eelden Company, Danbnry, Ct.
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep-
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred Bheep,
bo that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore been used by farmerB.
Circulars Bent, post paid, upon application, giving
full directions for its use, also certificates of promhent
sheep growers who have uBed large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective and reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
THE DR. BLY ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
166 Tehama Street,
COB. OP THIRD, BETWEEN HOWABD & FOLSOM
sa
™ c
>
a a
o
o 3>~
X
p p, »
o
s
w
THE "ANATOMICAL LEG" WITH A UNIVERSAL
ankle motion; the above cut is its illustration. ThiB
artificial leg approaches so much nearer an imitation
of the functions of nature than any other, that it stands
witbont a rival among all the inventions in artifiicial
legs, old or new. (The very latest annouced new in-
ventions duly considered.)
Address MENZO SPKINO-,
166 Tehama street, S- P., Cal.
6v30-lam-bp-3m
"THE DANBURY"
IDR1LL CHUCK.
The Favorite Everywhere,
Send stamp for circular.
| The Hull k Eelden Company, Danbnry, Ct.
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO
Patent Riyetetl
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery S
San Francisco.
These goods are sptcia
adapted for the use I
FARMERS, .MECHANIC!
MINERS, and WORKINl
MEN in general. ThJ
are manufactured of tl
Best Material, and in I
Supetior Manner. A tr 1
will convince everybody I
this fact.
Patented May 12, 1873.
USE NO OTHER, AND INQUIRE FOR THE!
GOODS ONLY. TOw-
X
o
o
50
per cent. Better than
Imported Mustard-
A.*Lc Your Grocer fbr it..
9v6-eow-bp.
p. s. — These Chucks are now on hand and for Bale
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
EXECUTRIX SALE.
STODDAET'S IRON WORKS.
This old and well established Machine Business, to-
gether with the first-class Tools, Stock, etc., for sale,
and Building to lease. Apply on the premises,
114 Beale Street. San Francisco,' Cal-
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPOETEKS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY COTTON DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
onnce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STREET.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a l'irge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues. G-asand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 Ik 24 Fremont St., S. P.
mfr-m3
Ayer's _Sarsaparilla,i
FOR PURIFYING THE BLOOD.
This compound of tl
vegetablp alteratives, Sai
parilla, Dock, Stillingia an
Mandrake with the lodidt
of Potassium and Iro
makes a most effectual cm
of a scries of complain'
which are very prevaler
and afflicting. It purine
the blood, purges out ti
lurking humors in the system, that undermine healfc
and settle 'into troublesome disorders. Eruptions c
the skin are the appearance on the surface of humoi
that should be expelled from the blood. Internal At
rangements are the determination of these same humoi
to some internal organ, or organs, whose action thei
derange, and whose substance they disease and destroj
Aran's Sahsapariixa expels these humors from th
blood. When they are gone, the disorders they produc
disappear, such as Ulcerations of the Liver, Stomae
Kidneys, Lungs, EruptioDB and Eruptive Diseases of t
Skin, St. Anthony's Eire, Rose or Erysipelas, Pimple
PuBtuleSj Blotches, Boils, Tumors, Tetter and Si
Rheum, Scald Head, Ringworm, Ulcers and Son
Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Pain in the Bones, Side ai_
Heaa, Female Weakness, Sterility, Leucorrhtea arising
from internal ulceration and uterine disease, Dropsy
Dyspepsia, Emaciation and General Debility. Witt
their departure health returns.
PBEPABED BV
BR. J. O. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
03*"* Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRICrHAM, "Wholesale Ag-ents
SAN FBANCIPCU.
Jyll-a
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Franoieco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Mail
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
No Agents are authorized to receive subscriptions for > ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
this paper at less than our advertised rates. j Balusters. 2Sv8-8m.bp
pril io, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
245
banking.
e Merchants' Exchange Bank
or SAW FKANCMCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
?. KELLOGG President.
\ BA »T ING3 Manager.
I. TAN BBUNT Canhler.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 433 California street San Francisco.
0U1TTZE BROTHERS, BANKERS,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
dw interest at the rate cf Four per cent, npor
&U7 balances cf Gold and Currency.
eive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
lullloi, and maxe Sash advances thereon.
it* Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
ompanles, Merchant b and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
Both street, above Kearny BAN FRANCISCO
G. MAHE, Director.
ulisipess directory.
«J ■. SB1T. J*M«a M. HAVI.lt.
GRAY & HAVEN,
I rOKNEYSAND COUNSELORS AT LAW
alldlnK of PMin*Insurance Co., N. B. corner Call
torn la and Leldesdorll street*.
9AK FRAKriSCO ___
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. corner Sacramento.
11 vc iinstnimentamade, roputrcd and adjusted
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PEWS.
SoW by all Dealers 'broils-hoot the World.
THE PACIFIC COAST
12 Per Cent.
COITSOLS.
Interest Payable Monthly, in Gold and
Silver.
A MINING, REAL ESTATE AND LAND
COMPANY.
Incorporated February 12th, 1875.
Capital Stock, g27,0OO,O0O,
IN CONSOL SHAKES OF $1 EACH,
Of which 13.600,000 shares conntltute the Sinking and
InveHttneiit Fund. Inter- «t payable monthly at the
rate of 12 per c^ut. per annum. Certificates of CON-
SOLE ithar - receivable ut their pur value In exchange
for any Mlulug, Real Estate or Landed Property of the
Company.
Directors :
T. PHELPS, W. P. REYNOLDS,
B. M.FETIriK, L. K. GOODMAN,
J. H. BATES.
Certificates of CONSOLS only issued at the rate and
proportion of 50 per cent, of the cash valuation of
property to bo represented In CONSOLS BhareB. Divi-
dend paid from prontB and Bales of properly, and only
on Bharea of CONSOLS that have beeu iBSued for prop-
erty valued and entered on the bookB of the Company.
Principal Office, 526 Kearny Street.
Principal DepoBitory Agency, Bank, San Fran-
cisco.
Depository Agencies for payment of interest on CON-
SOLS will be established in the principal cities In the
United States and Canadas, and in London, as when re-
quired.
Interest payable on the 6th of each month at any De-
pository Agency of the Company.
Certificates of interest-bearing CONSOLS, CI asa A,
First Series, Issued for Mining Property in 'WaBhoe,
Storey and Lyon counties and on the Comstock Lode,
in Nevada, will be ready for delivery to subscribers
snd purchasers on or before April 10th 1875.
Orders for not less than one hundred shares of CON-
SOLS, with the purchase money required ($1 per
Bhare), may be sent through Wells, Fargo At Co.'s, at
our expense. No certificate of Btock isaued for leB8
than twenty shares. All orders must be addressed,
••Office of the CONSOLS M. R. E. and L. Company, 62a
Kearny street, San Francisco."
T. PHELPS, President-
aprS-sa-bp W, 8. REYNOLDS, S«cretary.
Real Estate Agency,
000 Broadway, OAKLAND.
— BT—
T. B. BIGELOW, E. 8IGEL0W and
WM. K. HOWELL.
Parties seeking homes or looking for property for
investment in this rapidly -growing city, noted for lis
cducatloual and many other advantages, are Invited to
call on the above agenta, who have ft large list of very
choice improved and unimproved property for sale.
Th-y also deal in FARMING AND GRAZING
LANDS, aud Invite correspondence from any who
may wish to buy or sell this kind of property.
Apr3-lam-bp
I"
DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
1MPP.OVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIN.
|3nuaxs Blow Heavy oa Ltcur, Fast ob Slow.
I Prices Heduced Jan. 1st, 1S75.
|Th.B Hull & Belden Company, Danbnry, Ct
IHlipipg and Other Ctppapies.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Principal pace of bu^ines*. San Francisco,
Oal. Location of worts, Nashville, hi Dorado county
Cal.
Notice is herebv Given, that at a meeting of the Bonrd
of Directo-a, held on the Is' day of A pril, IfiTft. an ubwds-
men of fifty (60) cents per share was levied upon the oup-
it.il stock of the corporation, payable immediately in U. "*.
gold and silver com, to the r-ecreiaryat the office of the
company. An;, atnek upon which this assessment shall
remain unpaid on the 3d day of May 1^75, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and un-
less pavment Is made be'ore. will be Bold on Tuesday, the
18th day of May, ISTft, to pay the deliwiutnt assessment,
together with coats of advertising and expense of nale.
J. W. TRIPP. Secy.
Office, Jus California street, room 16.
j, KAeTL.no. HEMBT KIMBALL.
BARTLING & KIMBALL,
jOOEBINDEBS,
Her Solera and Blank Book Manufacturers.
j 505 Clay at reel, (southwest cor. Sansome),
JtSm 8AK PRANCI8CO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Mrney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. F.
eiera to Dewey & Co., Patent Agenta ; Judge S.
Hdenfeldt or E. H. Ealght. CrtHm
STEELE, ELDER & CO.,
WHOLESALE
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
panv.— Principal place of business, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia. Location of works, Kelaey Mining District, El
Porado Coonty, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meetine of the Board of
Directors, held on the 17th day of March, ISIS, an assess-
ment.No. i) of Ton (10) cents per share was levied upon
the oapitut stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold and silver com, to the Secretary,
at the office of the Company. 631 California street, Sun
Francisco, Hal.
Any stock upon which thia assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 26th day of April, 1675, will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at publio auction, and unless
fiayoient is made before, will be sold on Monday, the
7th day of May 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California street, San Francisco
Cal. ___
ment (No. 4> of one dollar (CI) per share was levied upon
the ea, m*.l 4tock of the corporation payable luimtidiauly,
in United Slut ee gold coin, to th« Sec rotary, at the office
of the comi'iini, n rthwent corner Pine and Sao otiie
urti't', San Fmnciucq, Ualtforma.
Any stock upon which this aatn-ssment shall remain un-
paid on the I nth day of April. 1»75, will be delinquent and
advi'i t iv. il for sale -it public miction, and unless payment
|i made baton, will bo sold r>n Monday, iLio Itlth day of
M»>. IB76, to p*7 the delinquent anxisiiuaai. togifther with
ocata of advert ^ing and MMMM ot «ale.
LOUIS VBfiASXA, Secretary.
Office, Northwest corner Pine and S.inaotne streets, San
Francisco, California,
Manhattan Marble Company of Califor-
nia. Lnention of prinolpat plaoa of btiaintaf, fiio i-'ran-
cibco. Oalifornift. Location of works, Oakland, Alauii-du
county, State of California
Notice is hLT-bv fiven. that at a meetintc of the Direc-
tors, held on the 30tb day <>f Murch, I(jr7\ an aaaeaament
(No. 7) of five dollars per snore was levied upon t ho on pita 1
atock of the corporation-, payable immediately, in United
Status gold c 'in, to the Secretary of the company, ai his
offioO, Nob. 13 and Ift Fremont street, Sun Francisco, Cali-
fornia.
Any stock uron which this usseoKment shall remain on-
'd on the 30th day of April, 1h7.'j . sliull be deemed de-
nt, and advartiaed I r sal© ftt public auction, and
unions payiiiuiil is ma-le bi>f re, will be kold on Monday,
the 17th day of May, 1875, at 12 o'clock M., to pay the delin-
quent .i- - rMii- il-, together with coats of advertising* and
expenses o( aale.
L L ALEXANDER, Secretary.
Orhce, Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California
paid
linqi
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal place of business. San Francisco, California.
Location of works, Grass Valley Towmliip, Nevada
County, California.
Notice Ls h> reby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trusl«.'8 of said corporation, held on the 16th dav of
March, ISV mi at-sessment (No. 3) of one dollar per share
was levied upon the capitnl stock of aaid companv, pj>ya-
i'l" i ■ 'i.-ni 1 '■ , in gold coin of the United States of
America, to the Seorctiry, at the office of the companv,
room 8, No. 315 California stri-t<, S:m l* auciaco, Caliiornla,
Any stock upon which laid ariscrmment shull remain un-
paid on Wednesday, the 21st day of April. 1875, will be
advertise'! on that nay as delinquent, an < unless payment
shall be made before, will be sold on Mondav, ihe 10th
d.iy of Miiv, 1675, to pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. F.NE8MITH. Secretary.
Office — Room 8, No. 315 Califernia street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Princi-
pal place of business, San Francisco, State of Califor-
nia. Location of works. Kearsurge Mining District,
Inyo County. California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 17tti day of February, 1876, an
risseasmcnt of five cents per Bharo was levied upon the
capita) stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock npon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 17th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, und unleB" pavment
is made before, will be sold on Thursday, the 17tn day of
June, 1875. to pay the delinquent asses-ment, together
with coBts of advertising und exponsr-s of sale.
T. B. WINrJARD, Secretary.
OfiVe-Rooni 13. No. 31 S Ca'llnrnia street, San Francisco
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOB THE SALE OF
X&OD BAULHUl. BIOHABD O. HANSON
JRioha^d G. Hasson & Co.,
lock' and Pump Makers,
Importers of all, kdtob of
atent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL, FRICTION HOLLERS,
' ING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PBE99ED LEATHER EOK POMPS,
Litre urn Vitea for Hill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
i Market, ..... 8AH Francisco .
I The National Gold Medal
WAS AWARDED TO
BADLEY & RULOFSON
FOR THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE
'NITED STATES,
VIENNA MEDAL
THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
No- 429 Montgomery Street,
iwbp San Francisco, Cal.
Electric Mining Company, Location of
principal place of business; San Francisco, State of
California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied
on the 16th day or Febru try, 1875, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
sb follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount,
78
, -ouze Turkeys
« *pblerB, 30 to 10
i bunds. Hi.-na
r is to 20
< pounds.
' llaHMAS, GAMES
, HOUDANS.
Emden Geese
40 to 60 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity,
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
a Black
CAYUGA DUCKS.
California Dairy Produce,
GRAIN tto QUICKSILVER,
204 Front Street, San Francisco.
A8ENT8 FOR THE
Missouri,
Kentuck,
Ida Clayton
and Yellow Jacket
Quicksilver Mines.
All orders for Supplies land Machinery for
Mines promptly attended to.
RETORTS, POWDER and MINERS' TOOLS
50
50
50
100
100
1,000
100
2,635
238
100
397
150
1,060
800
100
1,200
230
87
100
15
100
15
50
8
6,250
400
60
-1 1 10
60
250
250
75
550
6(10
100
31
1,331
200
600
1,000
300
3,760
Theresa Mill and Mining Company. —
Principal place of business, San Francisco. Stale of Cal-
ifornia. Location of works, Coultervilla District, Mari-
posa County, California
Nollco is hereby mven that at a nieBtinc of the Board of
Direotore, held on the iJth dny of March, 1K75, an assess-
ment of twenty cents per share wa* levied upon tbo
capital stock of the corporntinn, payuljle immediately, in
United States Rolil and stiver coin, to the secretary, at
the office of the Company, Room 16', 108 California atreot,
San Francisco, California.
Any stock npon whi'h this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 11th day of April. 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised tor sale at public auutlon, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold no Saturday, the first day of
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
B. K. HIOKnx, Secretary.
Office— Room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California.
A H Putman 531
Alfred Wright 338
Alfred Wright 339
Alfred Wright 340
Alfred Wright 841
Alfred Wright 342
Alfred Wright 343
T B Wtrjgard, Trustee.. 820
TBWingard, Trustee. ,326
TBWingard, Trustee. .347
T B Wingard, Trustee. .358
T B Wingard, Trustee.. 359
J B Houghtou 352
C J Under 802
OJRader 324
C JRader 880
OJRader 331
0 J Under 332
OCase 286
D B .lactam 285
W WSmyth 271
WWSmyth ....272
ADHTobj 268
ADHToby 259
ADHToby 276
ADHToby 277
OMUry 248
Henrietta Oront 162
Henrietta Grant 240
Louisa Thompson 161
Louisa Thompson 239
JaB White 154
Jas White 155
Jas White 255
Anna Woods 280
Anna Woods 346
HMShaw 329
HMShaw 344
Alfred Brings 66
Alfred Briggs 220
GWTerrill 51
John Mullen 361
John Mullen 205
John Mullen, Trustee . .364
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 16th day of February,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said Btock as
may be necessary Trill he sold at public auction at the
salesrooms of Maurice Dore k Oo., No 326 Pine Street,
San Franciaco, on the 12th day of April, 1875, at the
hour of 12 o'clock M., of saia day, to pay Baid delin-
quent asBesBment thereon, together with costs of ad-
vertising and expenses of Bale. A. B. PAUL, Sec'y.
Office, No. 318 California Btreet, San Francisco, Cal.,
(Room No. 13.)
$3 90
2 50
2 50
2 50
2 50
5 00
5 00
60 00
5 00
141 25
11 90
6 00
19 85
7 50
63 00
16 00
5 00
60 00
11 60
4 35
6 00
75
5 00
75
2 50
40
312 60
20 00
3 00
20 00
3 00
12 50
12 50
3 76
27 50
30 CO
5 00
1 55
66 70
10 00
25 00
60 00
15 00
187 60
GOS, fresh, pure, packed bo as to hatch afler arrival on
i part of the Coast. For Illustrated circular and Price-
t, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw thiB advertisment, ]
Thursday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
iUcationB should be received a week in advance and
'BrtlBements as early In the week as possible.
Supplied at Importers' Prices
3v9-eow-np
ANY Pebson receiving this pBper after giving an
order to Btop it, mBy know that such order has failed
to reach us, or that the paper is continued Inadver-
tently and they are earnestly requested to send writ-
ten notice direct to us. We aim to stop the paper
promptly when itls ordered discontinued. tl
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Prin
cipal place of biiBiness, San FranxiflOO. Location of
works, Lower Rancharia. Amador county, Cal.
Notice is hereby given 'hat at a maeunK of the Board of
Directors, held on the 28th dav of March, 187S, an asaeaa-
ment of twenty-five ^eois per j-hare wa^ levied upnn the
oapital stock of the corporation, payable immedfiitely. in
United States cold and silver coin, 10 the Secretary, No
116 Leidesdorff Btreet, San Francisco, Cal.
Anr atock upon which ihla assessment snail remain un-
paid on the 2Uh day of April, 1B75, will be delinqiu-nt, and
advertised for sale at public auotion, ami unless payment
is made before, will be Mild on Monday, the lUth day of
May, 1815, to pay thu delinquent assessment, together with
cosis of advertising and eineuaes of snle. _
W AUG. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office, 116 Leidesdorff street, San Francisco, Oal.
Keystone Quartz Mining Company— Prin-
cipal place of business, San Fr-ncisoo, California. Lo-
cation of works, Butte Township, Sierra county. Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that ata meeting of the Board of
Directors, Ueld on the 8th day of March, 1875, an assess-
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company.—
location of principal place of busineBB, City and
County of San Francisco, State of California, Loca-
tion of works, Tuolumne connty, State of California.
Notice.— There are delinquent npon the following
described Btock, on account of aBseBBinent No. 4 levied
on the 23d day of February, 1875, the several amounta
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Bhares. Amount.
John Hahn 1 25 6 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.. . . 2 100 20 CO
E Van Santen, Trustee 3 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 4 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 5 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 6 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 7 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 8 100 20 00
E Van Santen, TruBtee 9 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 10 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... U 100 20 00
E Van Santen, TruBtee 15 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trusteo 16 100 20 00
E Van Santen, TruBtee 17 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 18 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.. . . 19 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 20 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 21 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 22 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 23 100 20 00
Oamilo Martin, Trustee. .. 24 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 25 100 20 00
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 26 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 27 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee,.. 28 100 20 00
Oamilo Martin. Trustee... 29 100 20 00
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 30 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... SI 100' 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 32 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 33 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 42 500 100 00
Sidney Buckingham 43 500 100 00
Sidney Buckingham 44 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham t 46 lnO 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 46 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 47 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 48 100 20 00
SDRStewnrt 52 1,000 200 00
SDR Stewart 53 1,000 200 00
SDRStewart 54 500 100 00
SDRStewart 55 600 100 00
E Weissig, TruBtee 88 3,000 600 00
Isaac T Milliken 84 100 20 00
Charles Baum, Trustee. .. 85 750 150 00
WGTAalbertsborg.Trustee 89 2,900 580 00
GeorgeWOlark not issued 6,000 1,200 00
E Kindman not issued * 750 150 "00
JTMachan not issued 3,000 600 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 23d day of February,
1875, go many shares of each parcel of such Btock aB
may be necessary, will be sola at public auction at the
the office of the company. Room 14, 302 Montgomery
street, San Franciaco, California, on Saturday, the 17tu
day of April, 1875, at the honr of 12 o'clock, m., of
such day, to pay delinquent assessments thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of the
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office— Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San Fian-
c1kc.ii, California.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above sale is hereby post-
poned until Monday, March 19th, 1875, at the same hour
and place above mentioned. By order of the Board of
Trustees, J. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary,
246
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April id, i8?3
Iron apd Machine tyofe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 an* 125 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
OF. I. CURRY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17v25-3m
Iron
THE RISDON
and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL tl,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Seale and Howard Streets,
ban FBANCISCO.
Manufacturers of 8team Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and stations. y ), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure). All kinds of light aud heavy Castings at lowest
prioes. Camsand TappetB, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore, Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLane,
Wm. Norris, Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM. H.TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOOUE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
2ivl7-qy
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAjrOTAOTinURS or
STEAM ENGINES.
Quartz, IPIotijt and ©aw Mlllf.
JBnye** Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'a Jo.
proved Crniher, Mining Pnmpi,
Amoleamaton, and all kinds
of Machinery.
JJ. K. corner ©f Tehama and Fremont streets, above Ho'
itreet, ten Franolieo. s-q>
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 13T, 139 and 141 Fkkmont Sxheet, San Francisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts.Hining and General Machinery estiinaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French RangeB, Burial Caskets, GrateB and
Fenders, Boad-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere IronB,
Ploushwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship CastingB, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Gauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Nacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
XASUrACTURBKS or
BTESAJftE ENGINES, BOIL-ERH
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar's Patent Self- Adjusting- Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kind* of Mining machinery.
Front Street, between IV and O street*,
Sacramento City.
G. 'W. Pbescott.
. I
"W. R. ECKAHT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSYLLLE, _-- OAL,
PRESCOTT & ECXART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
Hoiatina Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts (Jar Wheels, and CastingB of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines c onsen h tly on hand for sale. 9v28-Iy
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, oward and Fel&om, 3an Francisco,
Machinery and Outings of all kinds.
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Eock Drill Comuany.
— MAHUFACTUBEBS OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also. Farmers1 Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting:, Putnam Ma-
i chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PABKE «!fc 1L.A.CY,
2lv28-3m-hd 310 California St., S. F.
QTJIOKSILVEE,.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Sctentifi Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mintng and Scientific Pbess, September 19th, 1871.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Soibntifio Press, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, addreBB
21v2M6p-3nl F. FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
GIANT POWDER..
Patented May 26, 1SGS.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT I»OWX>EK, IVO- 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, INTO. S,
For medium aDd Beamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur; Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc,
Its EXCLUSIVE use saveB from 30 to 60 per cent. In expensea, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder,
t&~ The only Blasting Powder uBed in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-8ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL
& MYERS,
MANTJFACTUBEBS OF
L E V Jb' E E ' S
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN
WATEE WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes.
vlso all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our WheelB.
PKICtS GKEATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HOH1ZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & HTEBS, 306 California St., S. F.
l£7"Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List- sent free
Jnj. P. Rankin. Established I860. A. P. Bbayton
Pacific Iron Works,
Fihst Steeet, ... San FeancisCo.
Geo. W. Foge, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERT DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers,
and Marine.
Stationary
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVEET
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
FBATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
60DDAED & CO., Props.
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G, & H. BARHETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v26.1y
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St-,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MANUFACTUEEES OF
Steam -Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B. — Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
California brass foundry,
dim. 1JBS Flrat street, vppoalte Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All kinds ot Brass, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Jastlnga, Brass Ship Work of all kinds. Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Kudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bcllsana
dongs of superior tone. All fcindsof (Jocks and Valves, Hy
irauiic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, iurnished with dispatch
■3- PRICES MODERATE, -tf*
J. H. WEED. V. KINGWELL.
IMcAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
tt O I L E R MAKERS
AND UKtiKUAL MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quarts
MillB, Mining PumpB, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, ete. For sals at the lowest prices by
10v27tf .T. HENDY. No. 33 Fremont Street.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Fmra
San FnANaiago
i
*
it
STEIGER & KERR,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS ef all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Fan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings. , , t j
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Saps*
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
Golden State Iron Worksr
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
•
PALMER, KNOX &. CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STEEET, SAN FEANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machine]
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEM
SERS, &o.
Having much experience In the bUBiness of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under*'
standingly, partieB about to erect Seduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
1(
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, OaL
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROM
— ABB —
Every Variety at (SHaitir
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shurta, Cranki, Plnton and «'o
U necllng Rodi.Oanind Locomntlve Ail*i { I I
and Framei
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size
o»- Orders addressed to -PACIFIC- ROLLING MILL*!
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Kranoisgo, Oal., will r»-J
onvH prompt attention.
a-y- ThB hiehesl prioe paid for Scrap Iron.
SHEET IRON PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTUM'
PIPE, of any size and for any preBsare, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Oars. These small wheels are mads
of the best Car"Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can bi
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
fty All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
JOSEPH MOORE. Superintendent.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
HANUFACTURFJIS op all. kinds or
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship
Band Belts.
13, 15 and 17 Dmmm Street, San Francisco, i v241y
.
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, ■ SAW AND FLODB MILLS
Keatinj?'s Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdbauxio Hoist fob Sxoheh,
And General Machinists. 26v28-3m
s
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOUNDRY,
fin and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard.
San Frsneifico.
LI6HT AND IBEATY (ASTINftS,
of every deicriptiou, manufactured. 3«vl0ar
jril 10, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
247
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co- Machinery Depot. San Francisco-
'htCALiroii.su Fijuto am) Mat. urn 1b got
up from new patterns specially for tht*
>at. It has Oast Stf«l Blotted Cylinder n.a.l,
nlntf In pati-tu self oiling twnea; Matcher
dies *lHMof the bent cai-t Keel. The Gears
all protected with iMQ cover*. Will plane
d. wide an-l ('• In. thifk. and tongue and
)Ye It Id. wide. Will raak<- rustic
•tick gutter*, or heavy moulding)*, etc., and
b M* lilue ever built.
rWe hare always on hand a large assort-
t Of Hailing Mill Machinery, all of the lat«»t
■■■ luding Planers. Moulding.
uclnt/ and Teuoning Machines. Bind and Jig
a, Itc, Ac. fv.-ud for Catalogues and prices.
TREADWELL & CO-,
wf-t San Francisco-
Iron Working- Machinery.
Adjustable Saw Quaere
Foot Power
lmptuvMa Sii** Arbors.
zh-x 3&XJ/*
ii n__n_ji R__fi
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand-
Improved Band Saws
gtearn hpips.
FAKKU Jk. LACY,
0 California street, ^an Francisco
ADAPTED TO EVERY SITUATION
msmsm go.
H. P. GREGORY,
\ Agent for the Pacific Coast, 14 and 16 First street,
Frbncitico, Cal.
Ho, 4 Car Wheel Borer.
For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc,
address
NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
98 Chambers Street, New York.
tfirts-eow-ly * ■ 1 '
c "tuivfV "^^ ^=~" ^^■—^=~~~ *~u .e,<
J^T/u V successors to eagle: works M,ro. co.
VLl_J^r)W-J-- ^P'O'V PAN b and
V^-^SitlR5T^ '-? SYSTEMATIC
?&m«e&*;
s^^hwal MflbHinf
UATID *" WOF.K NgHIg
Diamond Drill Co.
bo undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT;
'DIAMOND POINTED DEILLS, now brought to tie
h aeet atate of perfection, are prepared to nil orders
' the IMPROVED PBOSPECTCiG and TUNNELING
6 IjlLLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
^reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
1 great economy and successful working of numerous
'.bines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
1 given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE 4 CO.
dice, No. 315 California street, Booms 16 and IT.
Mv26-tf
COOPER,
Ko ■ 104 and 112 Spear St.. San Francisco.
■Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes. Beer Bar-
rels, etc., Manufactured at Short Notice
and WW BATES.
LUMBER for CASK9, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
ndDried if required.
eow-bp.
PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS,
SAN FBANOISOO,
Manufacturers of
Linseed and Castor Oils,
OIL CAKES AND MEAL.
Highest price paid lor Flax Seed and Castor BeanB de
Uvered at our works.
Office, S and 6 Front street
Works, King street, bet. Second and Third. fel&«w
REMOVAL.
Pacific Lamp & Reflector Factory
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission k Fremont Streets.
:n-2S-:ini-t»a
Office of Drain Pipe Works,
NEW MINING AND MILL LIGHTS.
3v30-3nveow
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and Btudents, will find the work valuable far beyond
its coBt. Published by Dewey & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press.
Price, poet paid, $1.
S. W. Corner Sac
•ramento and
Montffom-
ery Sts.,
S. F-
DRAINS
. CuNtJTRUCTED
tn any part of the
Slate, and
#o k "Warranted
E. T-MENOMY
Proprietor.
bp-enw-1 yr
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
and Sulphuric Acid Manufacturers.
For sale or to lease, the LEVIATHAN COPPER
MINE, in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which is in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallic copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 50 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out duriug exploratory operations realized $30,-
000 for Bluestooe. In siaht, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons "5 per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum prpsent capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Cost of
extraction, $ . There is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, of
pure sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantage-
oofl terms will be offered. For further particulars
apply to Louis Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alplne
county, Cal.
W. BREDEMEYER.
MrNIiXOr,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt LaMe, TJ. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines. "
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent lor the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers ol
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block. ™_ ■ , * *v»
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of Shafts, *• O. Box 1157,
248
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April io, 1875
THE "HOADLEY" PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE
ALL SIZES ^V-"-J»a^
• ™M£e^TREAOWEU.*C0
From />iLL sizes
3 to 40
Horse
Power,
The above cuts represent the new style "HOADLEY" variable cut off 16 Horse-Power Portable Engine. "We have same style and nze mounted on
wheels as a Threshing Engine for the Rutsell End-shake Separator. We have all sizes from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES need
no recommendation from us. We have sold them in Cali'ornia for 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The last great Improve-
ment is the Cut-off Governor, thuB giving them all the economy and increased power of the most thorough built stationary engine.
B^"Mil'men, Mine-owners and Mining: -Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of the
■ HOADLEY " before purchasing. Circulars and prices sent free on appplication. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
N. W. SPATXLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
Buffalo Pony Planers.
MANUFACTURE OF
SPATJLDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most du able and economi-
cal Saws in the Woud.
Each Saw is YarTanted in every respect
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
A
W. T. GARRATT-
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MANUFA0TUBEB8 OF
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and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oi]
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NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt'B Patent Improved Journal Metal."
O-Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 tnl^horae power. Shifting, Pulleys, Hoist Gears,
Quartz Mill-, Water Tanks, Spanish Araslras. Pumps and
Pipes. Hepburn and Belden Pans, and all kinds or Ma-
chinery for .-tile at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
2G6 Brannau street, S. F.
Highest cash prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
CRANK PLANERS.
■Superior Deugn and Workmanship, Extra Hoar? (1100 lb.)
DOWN, ANGULAR &. CROSS-FEED.
TO FL-iNE 12x16x15. *
IThe Hull As Seidell Company, Banbury, Ct
HBB pSP 3* S" B* 5*
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1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
^EMI-pOHTABL,E;
DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
SA.1V ■FTtA.HiCXSCO, CA.lv.
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are Dnrable, Compact and
Cheap.
For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGKDZEZLnT,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
FOR PMICH MEN.
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRA.CTI
OAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 8ro., will be
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hia addresB. HENRY CAREY BAIED,
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(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
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articles in which they trade, viz:
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Brittan. Holbreok & Co., importers of
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111 and 11 California St., 17 and 19 Uavis St., SaD Fran-
cisco, ami 178 J St., Sacrairento. mr.-ly
The highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the-
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILEBS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
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FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFAOTUREKS OF
Hydraulic Pipe
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Havi-g the Latest Improved Machinery, we can mt&t<
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OE
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Hade and all Work Guaranteed'
130 Beale Street,
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Established 1866.
"We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
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stantly on handalarge stock of Manila Rope, all sixes
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TTJBBS & CO..
e20 «ll andfiL3 Front street, San Pranoisoo
1
* IRON AND STEEL
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Of Every Description, at Reasonable Pricei. I
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and Scientific Pbess is the best publication of its clas
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iv ojarvrsrv At OO.
Patent Solloltoi-w.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. APRIL 17, 1875.
VOJL.UME XXX
Number ]<;.
A New Industry.
A collection of all the various articles ot do-
mestic and commercial use into which paper
enters as the chief constituent, would form
qnite an extensive and interesting museum.
With the expanding progress of invention it is
difficult to forecast where the end will be to
the application of this simple yet useful ma-
terial. , So extensive has become its applica-
tion that the rag bag of the housewife, the
gleanings of the cheffonier, and the waste of
the cotton mill, long since failed to meet the
wants of the paper manufacturer in the way of
new material, and almost the entire fibrous
material of the vegetable kingdom, not even
omitting the growth of the forest, has been
called upon to sapply the ever increasing de-
mand for paper "pulp."
The latest use to which paper has been ap-
plied is the manufacture of barrels of various
sizes, from the size of a fruit can capaoity up
to the largest packages employed for packing
flour, sugar, etc.
Were we not already familiar with the paper
collar, paper bosom, and even the full length
extension of shirt, paper handkerchiefs, pants
and coat — the last made even water-proof— we
might have regarded the idea of a paper barrel
as preposterous. Bat nothing in the way of
handiwork possibilities can now surprise the
ordinarily intelligent Yankee; and so, when
some months since we heard that to that
curious collection of machinery employed in
1 the wonder working mechanisms that may be
I daily witnessed at the Pacific Barrel Factory of
1 Flint, Peabody& Co., on Brannan street, near
I Eighth, was to be added still another set of
| machinery for converting the straw of our
1 wheat fields into convenient packages for' con-
I veying to market the grain itself, we suppressed
j any demonstration of curiosity, but resolved
I to "keep an eye out" and watch cloBely the
[development of that new Yankee notion. True
j to our purpose, we have from time to time
I made some exouse or another for just happen-
i ing in, you know, at the works, until one day
(the past week we observed the workmen
I actually engaged in making paper barrels, and
I judging from the modus operandi and the qual-
tityof the article produced, we see no reason
[why that institution would not better serve the
I public and themselves by converting their sup-
(ply of timber into kindling wood, and turning
j their entire force to converting the waste straw
of our wheat fields into the neat looking and
substantial paper barrels with whiob they are
now prepared to supply all who may be in need
of that kind of package.
What is a Paper Barrel?
i Is a question that the reader will very naturally
ask— how is it constructed? In answer we
j would say that this barrel is made of successive
layers of ordinary straw paper board, cemented
{together, and subjected in the process to an
1 enormous pressure, the result of which is a
j compact sheet of considerable thickness, and
', of far greater resistive force than the same
thickness of the toughest wood that the forest
i can prodnoe. The sheet thus formed has its
two ends dove-tailed, as shown in Fig. 1 of the
accompanying illustration, which are after-
wards brought together and closed in the form
of a oylinder, as shown in Fig. 2, backed by a
cleat of the same material, and held firmly in
place by double pointed tacks, which are driven
through and clinched on the inner side. The
heads of the barrels are turned from wood
and flanged, as shown in section, and inserted
in the cylinder, and so secured as to be much
stronger and safer than in a common wooden
borrel. The barrel may be subsequently
strengthed by hoops, either of paper or iron, as
may be desired, although the former seems all
that is needed. The resisting power and dura-
bility of these barrels will be perfectly appar-
ent to any person who will take the trouble to
examine them. The following may be men-
tioned as
Some ol the Advantages
They possess over the wooden barrel. Their
form being that of a uniform cylinder there is
a Baving of fifteen per cent, in stowage. ThiB
would be a large gain in stowing in a vessel,
and also in cost of storage in warehouse.
They have successfully stood all trials as to
liability to burst, having been tested with 4,001)
pounds inside pressure without bursting.
The paper is made water proof, impervious
to air or moisture, and hence is not liable to
absorb the odors arising from other articles
when stored together in a vessel, and being
about air tight tbey are especially desirable as
a protection against the insects and vermin
which abound in warm climates and against
than boxes. They are also proof against dust,
bugs or insects, as they are so tight that none
can enter.
They can be unbended without injury to bar-
rel or head, and when empty will form a valu-
able and even ornamental article for many
household purposes, such as for the storage of
s.
Paper Barrel Complete.
loss of flour or sugar by sifting out in handling.
They are more easily handled than the
wooden barrel, as they roll at a true angle,
while the wooden barrel, from its convex
shape, is liable to roll in any direction. Nei-
Faper Barrel in Farts.
soiled clothing, furs, linen, vegetables, etc.
They are especially calculated as desirable
packages for Soar, sugar, rice, cheese, butter,
meal, grain of all kinds, coffee, spices, dried
and other fruits, etc.
Fitr. 1. Slain and auxiliary sluice-boxes. A, rock-pavement;
small pipe.
B. large iron pipe; O,
ther will the heads fall out as readily as those
of wooden barrels.
They can be shipped each part complete,
and set up as required, thus saving much
At some future time, when the machinery is
in more full and complete operation, we pro-
pose to give a detailed description of the ma-
chinery oy which they are constructed, and the
Fig-. 2. Arrangement of undercurrent, (perspective distorted to show details.) A, first
tap; Bt second tap; C, platform, of undercurrent; D, widened boxes; E, main sluice.
space and cost in transportation; and in this
way any man can be his own cooper. Any boy
can put them together. A smart boy can set
up from one hundred to oue hundred and fifty
barrels per day. The hoops are only added for
protection in rolling, so that if they become
loose, or are even knocked off, the barrel is in
no degree impaired.
The paper from which the barrel Is made is
manufactured from wheat straw, and it is evi-
dent that nothing can be cleaner or sweeter for
the packing of flour than the straw on which
it is grown. And the same advantage applies
to sugar and many other articles.
These barrels are lighter and more easy to
handle than any others of equal capacity, or
mode of manufacture. This, we believe, is the
seventh factory for this manufacture which has
been put in operation, their order being as
follows : Chicago, Jacksonville, 111. ; Beloit,
"Wis.; Decorah, Iowa; "Winona, Minnesota;
Kansas City, Missouri; and San Francisco.
In this connection we desire to make partic-
ular reference to the energy and enterprise of
the Pacific Barrel and Keg Company, who
have manifested suoh persistent energy in the
inception of and carrying into the most suc-
cessful operation this important branch of
manufacture — the only establishment of the
kind on the Pacific coast. In addition to diffi-
culties which always attend any new manufac-
turing enterprise on this coast, they had the
misfortune, soon after they started on the Po-
trero, to lose their entire stock and machinery
by fire. Bat, nothing dannted, they immedi-
ately ordered new, more perfect and more ex-
tensive machinery, and rebuilt at their present
location. Tbey have been constantly adding
new and improved machinery from time to
time, thus keeping their establishment con-
stantly abreast of the best appointed institu-
tions of the kind in the country, and always
ready to supply the public with the best char-
acter of work. It is in furtherance of this de-
sire to be behindhand in nothing, that they
have just added the new feature which forms
the subject of this article. We may also add,
in concluding, that much of the success of this
enterprise has been due to the energy, urban-
ity and untiring devotion to his charge of the
chief manager, Mr. James L. Crosset, who has
been in charge of the works from their very
first inception until the present time.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
Figure 1 represents the sluices running on a
higher grade than 6 inohes to 12 feet, to make
the difference in grade whioh exists between
the two sluice-boxes more prominent and per-
ceptible. A represents the rook pavement in
the main sluice-boxes flush with the grating.
B is an iron pipe, large enough to supply
streams of pure water in sufficient quantities,
when necessary. C is a smaller pipe, leading a
jet of water into the box below the grating.
The small sluices, containing the strained
gravel-wash, will gain, in a ran of 250 feet,
about 3 feet and 6 inohes night over the main
sluice-boxes, the former running on 4 inohes
and the latter on 6 inches grade to the 12 feet.
At this point — 250 feet from the first tay —
another grating and small sluice-box is estab-
lished as before. At the same point the plat-
form of an under-current, 36 feet long and of
any desirable width, rnnning on a grade of 12
inches per 12 feet, or 1 inoh per foot, can be
constructed, This platform connects at its
lower end with the second smaller sluice-box,
and empties its contents into that box, whioh
needs to be enlarged sufficiently to carry, in a
shallow stream, all the gravel and water re-
ceived. It is supposed that another jet of
pure water has been tapped from pipe JB, nnd
applied as before mentioned. It will hardly
be necessary to say that all these arrangements
should be carried on far enough from the main
sluices not to interfere with them except at
those places where the tapping takes pi ice.
In Fig. 2. A is the first tap, running 250 ft.
and gaining 3 ft. 6 in. over grade of main sluices.
B. Second tap from main sluices, 3 feet 6
inohes lower than the first. G. Platform of
under-current, on 1 inoa per foot grade, and
36 feet long. J), Widened boxes, running on
4 inctt per 12 feet grade. E. Main sluice.
We have here, then, in a distance of 250 feet,
and without loss to the grade or elevated
position of the main sluices, an under-current
of 36 feet length and 1 inch per foot grade; and
we can repeat the arrangement for every simi-
lar distance, and without losing control of the
strained gravel, etc., which is carded onward
independent of the mass of material in the main
sluices.
The finer gravel, which is gradually extracted
from the main sluices, must be coll oted into
one box, increased in Bize as new tributaries
empty into it. Considering that only very fine
gravel, with an inoreased supply of water, is
carried by these boxes, they may be made very
wide, bo as to permit the gravel and sand to
spread and run in a thin stream.
To regulate the overflow, triangular checks,
as represented in the platform 0 in the last
sketch, may be used, one of the angles turned
toward the stream.
Ii a drop is preferred, from time to time, in-
stead of an under-current, or its platform, a
very strong and tight box should be placed be-
low, and a few feet lower than the actual drop.
To the bottom of this box a strong iron pipe,
1 or 2 inches in diameter, may be adjusted,
being, at the same time, connected with the
supply-pipe which furnishes the water along
the line of sluices;
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, of
the last Annual Report of the V. 8. Commissioner is
Mining Statistics.
250
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 17, 1875
Coal on the Pacific Coast.
At the last met ting of the California Academy
of Sciences, Amos Bowman, formerly of the
State Geological Survey, read the following
paper on the "Coal Deposits of the Pacific
Coast:"
By permission of the Chief Engineer and
Directors of the Central Pacific railroad com-
pany, I hope to be able to present to the Acad-
emy, shortly, for examination and criticism,
one or more of a series of maps made by me,
which accompanied a report to the Chief En-
gineer, Mr. Montague, ■ of a reconnoisance,
undertaken at his suggestion, and recently
carried out by me in the employ of the railroad
company.
The subject of this reconnoissance and of
these maps is the coal deposits adjacent to the
lines of communication of the railroad.
Where coal furnishes the sinews or motive
power of all our traffic, and where the cost of
getting it involves not only dollars and cents to
the railroad company, but fares and freights,
touching eveiy pocket in the Pacific States, we
are in a position to realize that the formations
in which coal is found are worth knowing
about, and that there can be a case where even
fossils mean dollars and cents.
I had previously given attention to tertiary
and principally surface geology as underlying
the great industry of hydraulic placer mining,
and to the "auriferous slate formation" of the
mesozoic or middle age — in other words, sec-
ondary age, with its gold veins, as underlying
the quartz mining industry of California, these
two industries together yielding California, an-
nually, over $20,000,000 in gold.
The present study brings up the intermediate
period, the cretaceous^ and in its comprehen-
siveness it is, geologically, perhaps the most
important. California pays out over $6,000,-
000 every year for coal; the people of tee Uni-
ted States are paying, at the low average of $5
per ton, $220,000,000 every year for coal; the
civilized world is paying over a billion annually.
I wish to s,tate, only very briefly now, a few
of the leading facts that my reconnoissance de-
veloped:
1. The fact of the existence of two continents;
a Cordilleran continent far to the west of the
Appalachian continent, at the time when the
peculiar condition of thiDgs arose in the West,
which resulted in giving us our coal beds.
The outlines 01 the Cordillera continent of
the period I was able to trace much more easily
and with much more detail than I had antici-
pated was possible, with the data and the
means at hand whenl began. The rocks of
the cretaceous period in the Pacific States are
generally sandstones, merely locally metamor-
phosed, and the fossils found in them are so
abundant that the contributions of geologists
of the United States and other exploring par-
ties have furnished sufficient data from which
their general geographical distribution could be
mapped with perfect reliability.
The Rocky mountains at our latitude were
not a part of this Cordillera continent, but
formed one large island, extending from Den-
ver to Santa Fe. The Overland railroad, where
it crosses the summit of the Rocky mountains,
follows what was the bottom of the sea, along
a strait, extending through the Kocky moun-
tains. At Salt .Lake it strikes the ancient
western continent of our coal period, and at
Rocklin it leaves it again.
The eea extended not only from Omaha to
the island of the Rocky mountains mentioned,
but 270 miles west of the aries of the Rocky
mountains, over what is now the Cordilleran
plateau, as far as the Wasatch mountains, and
down along the Colorado river into Arizona.
On the west side it covered a large portion of
Arizona, of Eastern Oregon, and of the interior
of British Columbia east of the Cascade moun-
tains.
The upper cretaceous and lower tertiary
rooks embrace a series of formations which
may be called the Cordilleran coal measures.
Their fauna and flora are closely related to
ench other. Their lithological character and
the geological conditions under which they
were formed are identical, forming- as they did
a marginal deposit, extending clear around this
Cordilleran continent of our coal period, and
giving us a hundred thousand square miles of
country more or less coal bearing.
That this statement may not appear exag-
gerated, I will add that the localities have been
tabulated in the report referred to, by States
and Territories, and located on the maps, and
that the coals themselves, with accompanying
fossils, were assiduously collected or sent for
by myself and Mr. Soupham, Assistant Engi-
neer of the Central Pacific railroad. They are
not packed away in boxes, but properly ar-
ranged and labeled, in paper trays, and placed
on shelves, where they can be seen. Thero are
about 300 specimens, representing the coals
and coal measures, and they will speak for
themselves.
In the table of localities where coal has been
found are given the particulars of the size of
veius or seams of coal as reliably as possible.
Representative localities and representative
coal deposits are thus placed before the eye,
fiom which the conclusion is unavoidable and
indisputable, that in respect to coal the Pacific
States and Territories have not been left out in
the cold.
Taking different basins, so situated around
tbe margin of thia Cordilleran continent as to
be at tolerable regular distances from eaeh
other, it is found that the conditions for coal
making were in general not unfavorable.
The test of this is the size of the veins in
representative basins geographically distrib-
uted throughout. Considered either as to the
extent of distribution, when compared with
similar large areas in othfr parts of the world,
or as to the thickness of particular veins in
widely separated localities, where , the condi-
tions were most favorable, they do not seem to
fall short of the rest of the world.
The quality of this coal of thejCordillera has
been alleged to be sadly against us. Many
will remember the time when we used to regret
that we were bo unfortunate as to have no tim-
ber suitable for ship building.
Our coal has been called "lignite" by ex-
perts because there was no other word in the
dictionary for it. Several geologists have held
on to the old fallacy, long since abandoned by
leading geologists, that there was no "true
coal" to be found in any other than one geo-
logical period. Not being "true coal," it could
be nothing else than "lignite."
Neither the origin nor the chemical analysis
nor the quality of the Cordilleran coals justify
the old nomenclature. Hayden was the first to
speak out on the subject. They are not lig-
nites properly — a name presupposing that they
are derived principally from ancient forests. In
the vegetation that gave rise to these accumu-
lations, there is a parallelism to that of the
carboniferous coal deposits, a resemblance iu
method, though the plants were of different
families.
To settle the question whether we must re-
frain from calling them "true coals," I set to
work systematically. First, I collected and
tabulated all the ultimate analysis that I could
find. I found abundant material, representing
all our principal coal basins, excepting that of
San Pete, Utah. The- comparison with wood,
with peat, and with eastern and foreign coals,
showed clearly that the title "true coals," as
limited to any formation or period, is not
scientific. Varying degrees of hydrogen, in
association with oxygen, running down to an-
thracite, characterize our western coals, pre-
cisely like those of any other formation.
Next, as to the effective heat producing qual-
ities, I collected the results of half a dozen
series of elaborate experiments which have
been made of our coals in comparison with
others, and tabulated them along with the ulti-
mate analyses. The showing is that, notwith-
standing some of our coal is little better than
peat, that some of it has a large percentage of
a^h, that most of it has a large percentage of
water, — we have not only first-class coals, coking
coals, gas coals, and anthracite, but nearly
every other variety that can be desired, repre-
sented in the Cordilleran coal measures.
Wonderful Retention of Heat.
On the 30th of October last, about two
o'c'ock in the afternoon, the large new air
shaft of the Belcher mine, then completed to
the 1000-foot level, took fire and was destroyed.
The timber of the shaft all burned out and the
rock fell in and blocked it up. After mature
deliberation it was thought that it would be
better and cheaper to sink a new shaft than to
try to clear out the old one, so badly were its
sides caved and so great was the quantity of
rock that had fallen into it. The new shaft
was sunk a short distance to the west of the
old one. It has now reached a point near the
1000-foot level, where it will be continued
down on an incline. The inoline was started
at the 1000-foot level, and carried up to meet
the vertical portion of the shaft. The course
of this incline carried it through the remains of
the old vertical shaft, but as soon as it was tap-
ped the men found that they could do nothing
in it on account of the ashes, burnt earth and
rocks that poured down into their incline. A
tunnel was then run until it had reached a
point a short distance west of the old shaft,
when a vertical upraise was made to the line of
the proposed incline to be run up to meet the
new shaft. The men then began to work down
on the incline in order to reach the point
from which they were driven in trying to come
up. They have succeeded in getting into the
bottom of the old shaft, where, much to their
.surprise, they find the rock still red hot. In
trying to but in timbers they were set on fire,
and in order to work at all it is found necessary
to bring a line of hose into the place and play
a stream of water upon'the rocks wedged in the
bottom of the old shaft. There is no timber on
fire among the rocks. They seem to have been
heated to a degree so intense at the time of the
fire, that they have remained red hot ever
since. When we find so small a mass of rocks
as can be contained in the bottom of a shaft
remaining hot for over five months, after hav-
ing been heated to whiteness, should we be in-
credulous on being assured by scientists that
the center of the earth, once a molten mass of
rock, still remains in a molten state after un-
told ages? Nearly three years after the great
fire in the Yellow Jacket mine, places were
found in the lower levels where the rock was
still red hot. — Virginia Enterprise.
The Belchek ore breasts are looking well
and holding out beyond all expectations- The
mine is yielding 500 tons of ore per day. The
air shaft is down to the 1000-foot level, and is
fast drawing off the hot air and cooling the
lower levels of the mine.
The new pumping machinery for the Utah
mine is on the ground ready for ereotion as soon
as the foundation for its reception is com-
pleted. This portion of the work is being
pushed with all the energy possible.
Academy of Sciences.
The regular semi-monthly meeting of the
California Academy of Sciences was held on
Monday evening Apr. 5tti, Vice-President Henry
Edwards in the chair. There was quite a full
attendance of members. The donations to the
cabinet comprised several bird's neBts, of San
Joaquin county, donated by Charles D. Gibbes;
collections of plants from Wasatch mountain;
grasses, barks from the Sandwich Islands' oil
nuts by Mr. Frink ; plants, etc., from Japan,
by Professor Davidson. The library received
the usual monthly publications and periodicals.
Horatio Stone, of the Washington Art Asso-
ciation, delivered a lecture on the Unity of
Arts. Mr. Stone made some complimentary
allusions to the resources of California, and
paid a graceful tribute to Mr. Lick in introdu-
cing the subject. The lecture was rather elab-
orate, but was listened to with attention.
Amos Bowman read a paper on Pacific Coast
Coals, elsewhere referred to in this issue.
Professor Brewer exhibited a map showing
the distribution of woodland in the United
States. It was prepared by running over all the
counties of the States east of the Mississippi and
marking what was timber land and what was
not. These maps were prepared at the time
the last census was taken. For the Western
States the information was based on estimates
derived from persons familiar with certain lo-
calities, coast survey officers, engineers, etc.
The map was shaded so as to show the extent
and comparative thiokness of, woodlands.
In speaking of the map Prof. Brewer alluded
to the theory of the connection of the existence
of forests with rainfall. There are no data of
any authority to prove that the destruction of
forests lessens the rainfall. Iu the investiga-
tions of the Smithsonian Institute no evidence
has been found, in any part of the United
States, that the destruction of forests has re-
duced the rainfall. The fact appears to be sc,
but has not been proved by instrumental meth-
ods. He said, however, that in some places
where rain gauses were kept only a few miles
apart, the difference in rainfall was very
marked; in some places it appeared as if tim-
ber affected it, and in others not.
Dr. Gibbons thought there was evidence to
prove that there was a connection between
forests and rainfall. Speaking of California,
he said that, in regions very limited in extent,
the rainfall .varies very much in a few miles.
The rainfall in San Francisco and Sacramento
is nearly the same. At San Rafael, about
twelve miles to the north, they have from one-
half to two-thirds more rain than in this city.
On the western side of the bay, to the souih,
near Redwood City and Mountain View, the
average quantity is certainly not more than
two-thirds of what there is here. As we ad-
vance to the south the average is gradually,
but rapidly, lessened, and vice versa on the
north. To the north there are extensive
tracts of timber, and to the south there is com-
paratively little. It is worthy of remark, how-
ever, that the rainfall in the southern part of
the state has been exceptionally large this
year.
The President called the attention of the
Academy to the fact that, as the Academy was
founded April 4th, 1853, it was now of age and
entering its twenty-second year. He hoped it
would continue to prosper as well as it had
done.
Dr. Gibbons exhibited a branch of poplar on
the end of which a piece of mistletoe had
grown in a peculiar manner. It came out from
the end of the branch exactly as if it had been
grafted artificially.
Important Engineering- Work. — A great
engineering work, the only one of the kind in
France, is about to be executed at Lyons. It
is that of an iron bridge to conneet the plateau
of Fouvrieres with that of the Croix-Kousse,
which are two hights, like that of Montmartre,
in Paris, at a distance of 300 metres from each
other. This undertaking is estimated to cost
about 2,800,000 francs, of which a subvention
of 600,000 francs only is asked from the city.
This aerial bridge will consist of three spans,
the central one of 135 metres and the two
others of seventy metres each, resting on open
iron columns in a line with the houses on the
quays. The platform of the bridge will be
sixty-five metres above the road and nearly
fifty metres above the houses. Each of the
two central columns will have inside a lift,
by which pedestrians will be raised in two min-
utes, at a charge of ten centimes, to the top,
whence they may reach the higher parts of the
city, where they may have business. The only
similar works existing in Europe are the
Britannia Tubular Bridge in England, con-
structed by Robert Stephenson, in 1847, and
consisting of one span "of 569 feet and two
smaller ones; that over the Conway, by the
same engineer, of a stretch of 400 feet and the
bridge of Dirschau, in Prussia, which has six
sections of 129 metres each.
The South California claim lies east of the
Belcher and Overman, and about due north of
the Woodville. A working shaft of three com-
partments is being sunk to develop this lead,
substantially timbered, and now down eighty
feet.
The tunnel in the West Point mine, Washoe,
has been discontinued, as it would not strike
the leage low enough. A working shaft has
been commenced on the ledge itself.
PopjL^ LectU^es.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Tenth Lecture Delivered before the University of Cal
ifornia College of Agriculture, on Monday, February
1st, by Pbof. C. E. Bebsex.
The Heath, Sunflower, Madder and Parsley
Family.
The family we take up to-day is the Heath
family, Ericaceae, a group including about 1,200
species. They are found mostly in temperate
climates and usually in localities which are
quite moist. They are inclined to grow in
bogs and marshes and are trees, herbs, or
shrubs, most of them being shrubs. A few of
them are herbaceous, a few are white and
ghostly, as the parasitic Indian Pipe, of but a
few inches in highl, and others again are tall
and' tree-like. Taking the order as a whole,
we find that it may be said to be composed of
the Heath family proper, of certain little out-
line groups, and in these outline groups,
we have certain plants. The Heath found so
abundantly in England, Scotland, and very
abundant on the Cape of Good Hope has small
leaves which continue green all the'year.
While the most of tine plants of the order
we are familiar with are shrubby-, Manzanita
and Madrona are trees, much removed in their
aspect; they are usually put, however, into what
is called an outline group of the order.
Throughout the greater part of the group, in-
cluding the heaths proper, there runs a nar-
cotic poisonous principle.
Two of them furnish valuable timber. First,
is manzanita, Arctostapkylos glaucat a native of
California and other portions of the Pacific
coast, and here I have a littte block of runoza-
nita, which will give you a pretty good idea of
its wood.
The madrona is called Arbutus Menziesil,
being named after Menzie, who made a great
many discoveries along this coast.
[Professor asks if they know how far man-
zanita extends north. One student says, I
know they are as far north as Siskiyou county.
[Speaking of a specimen of manzanita or
madrona.] I should say this was fully
Equal to Rosewood.
I made the observation that I supposed they
would not grow large enough, but was told that
upon the mountains they grow to be very large; 1
large enough so that they can get good pieces
for making furniture. It branches out so that
it can be used for veneering or any such pur-
poses as that I have seen it made use of in a
manufacturing establishment. They seem to
to out it up into thin pieces. There were
pieces put upon the furniture so as to repre-
sent raised panels, and in this way they use it
quite largely. The madrona is a very fine
wood. I see it stated in the books to grow
sometimes to the diameter of twelve inches.
Now, looking the whole order over, I find tbi
there is but one other species well known
which is large enough to be used in the arts at 1
all and that is an allied species of this madro-
na found in Southern Europe, which attains
about the size of our tree. So that we are very
fortunate in having this very pretty and valua<
ble wood.
Several species furnish food in their berries.
Oaylussacia furnishes, in one or two of its
species, what are called properly huckleberries,
or frequently in the books, whortleberries. Ill
the market,, huckleberries and blneberries are
mixed up and you can scarcely tell them, one
from the other.
The Cranberry, belonging to Vaccinium ma'
crocarpon, is now grown very extensively in
certain parts of the East. Growers make cran-
berry bogs in wet places. This cranberry has a
trailing stem, not usually more than an inch in
diameter, usually grown in moss found in
marshes. It is quite productive, and with its
fruit you are probably acquainted. The diffi-
culty in growing them here would be, the drj
season.
If you have here what are called sphagnum
bogs — this bog moss found in such places, hat-
ing, in a high degree, the property of absorbing
moisture from the atmosphere — you maybe sure
that you can grow the cranberry. A very few
cranberries have been grown on ordinary dry
land, but so far the experiment has not been
very satisfactory.
A good many of the nurserymen in the Bast
are advertising tbe upland cranberry. It don't
amount to very much, you could not keep
enough moisture around the roots in a tule.
You will find, perhaps, down here, a very soft
mud and running up sometimes for two feet,
will be these old moss stems. The moss IS
growiDg at the top and dying at the bottom.
Now, tbese cranberries seem to root very little
down below this, and they trail along all
through this. You have to imitate that to a cer-
tain extent; either by a system of irrigating or
in some manner you must keep
The Lower Part of this Stem Moist
Wherever growers have had any lasting succesB
it has been only by imitating the natural growth.
But, as I said, some are trying to grow it upon
upland. Massachusetts and Wisconsin are the
great districts for cranberry culture, and all
the eastern markets are supplied from this
source, excepting the supply from the wild bogs
Continued on Page 254-
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April 17, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
251
(CIENTIFIC PROGRESS.
&
The Mission of the House Fly.
The missiuu of the house fly nnd mosquito
have long exercised the iugjouit y of the most
curious and the most scientific. The generally
received opinion is that they form one of the
UN of life that was imposed upon humanity as a
penalty for the undue curiosity or presumption
which led to the expulsion of our first parents
from the garden of Eden.
One possible beneficial U9e of the mosquito,
inferred, in part, from the fact that it is found
almost exclusively in malarial districts, is that
its mission is to inject homceopathio doses of
quinine into the system, either as a warning to
humanity to absent itself from uuoh localities,
or as on antidote to the malarial poisonB taken
into the system by residence in such places.
We gave the views of the originator of this idea
in a recent issue of the Puggs— to the end that
they might be taken for what they were worth.
And now comes a Mr. Emerson, an English
obemir-t. with rather more show of wisdom and
science than was manifested in the propoundor
of th.- quinine theory, and gives us his theory
with regard to the mission of the fly, which we
find expressed in the Scientific American as fol-
lows:
Did you ever watch a fly who has just alight-
ed after soaring about the room for some little
time? He goes through a series of operations
which remind you of a cat licking herself after
a meal, or of a bird pluming its feathers. First,
the hind feet are rubbed together, then each
Bind leg is passed over a wing, and then the
fore legs undergo a like treatment; and lastly,
If you look sharp, you will see the insect carry
pis proboscis over his legs and about his body
as far as he can reach. Now the rubbing to-
bether of legs and wings may be a smoothing
bperation; but for what purpose is this care-
fully going over the body with his proboscis,
especially when that organ is not fitted for lick-
ing, but simply for grasping and sucking up
food.
I This query, which perhaps may have sug-
gested itself to thousands, has recently for the
first time been answered by a Mr. Emerson;
knd certainly in the light of the revelations of
that gentleman's investigations, the fly as-
inmes the position of an important friend in-
stead of a pest to mankind. Mr. Emerson
;tates that he began his self-appointed task of
finding out whether the house fly really serves
iny appreciable purpose in the scheme of crea-
tion, excepting as an indifferent scavenger, by
rapturing a fine specimen and gluing his wings
lown to a microscope slide. On placing the
llide under the instrument, to the investiga-
tor's disgust the fly appeared covered with lice,
ansing the offending insect to be promptlv re-
eased and another substituted in his place,
'ly No. 2 was no better off than fly No. 1, and
s the same might be predicated of flies 3, i, 5
or of n flies, as the algebras have it), Mr. Em-
raon concluded that there was something
thick at once required looking into. Why
fere the flies lousy? Meanwhile fly No. 2, en
[he slide, seemed to take his position very
loolfy, and, extending bis proboscis, began to
jweep it over his body, as if he had just
Jlignted. A glance through the microscope,
lowever, showed that the operation was not
ine of self-beautification, for wherever the lice
yere, the trunk went. The lice were disap-
pearing into the trunk— the fly was eating
htm! Up to this time the investigator had
bated his specimen as of the masculine gen-
lef ; but now he changes his mind and con-
Dudes it to be a female, busily devouring not
ce but her own progeny. The flies then carry
leir young about them; and when the family
et too numerous or the mother too hungry,
le offspring are eaten.
Awhile reasouing thus, Mr. Emerson picked
p a scrap of while writing paper, from which
pvo flies appeared to be busily eating some-
ping, and put it under the instrument: There
fere the progeny again on the paper, and
psily rubbed off -with a cloth. "This," he
ays, "set me thinking. I tookthe paper into
he kitohen again and waved it around, taking
toe that no flies touched it, went back to the
lioroscope and there found animalcules, the
>me as on flies. I had now arrived at Some-
ling definite; they were not the progeny of
le fly, but animalcules floating in the air; and
le quick motions of the flies gathered them
n their bodies, and the flies then went into
Jme quiet corner to have their dainty meal."
The investigator goes on to describe how he
intinued the experiment in a variety of locat-
es, and how, in dirty and bad smelling quar-
ts, he found the myriads of flies which ex-
ited there literally covered with animalcules,
hile other flies, captured in bedrooms, or well
sntilated, clean apartments, were miserably
■an and entirely free from their prey. Where-
ver filth existed, evolving germs which might
enerate disease, there were the flies, covering
lemselves with the minute organisms and
reedily devouring the some.
Mr. Emerson, while thus proving the utility
I the fly, has added another and lower link to
tat carious and necessary chain of destruction
hich exists in animated nature. These infin-
9Bimal animalcules form food for the flies,
ie flies for the spiders, the spiders for the
irds, the birds for the quadrupeds, and so on
p to the last of the series, serving the same
purpose to man. He certainly deserves credit
for an interesting and novel investigation, and
for an intelligent discernment which might
even attack the more difficult task of teachiug
us the uses— for nature makes nothing without
some beneficial end— of the animalcules them-
selves.
ECHANICAL PROGRESS
A New Gigantic Fossil.
We recently alluded to the reported discov-
ery of a fo88il skeleton of a gigaotio beast,
apparently of the bovine family, bat different
from anything hitherto met with, either living
or dead. The remains were found in some
marshy land on the north shore of Lake Erie,
eighteen inches nnder ground; while over them
btood an oak tree three feet in diameter. A
correspondent of the Scientific American, on
hearing that the skeleton was on exhibition at
St, Catharine's, Ontario, Canada, went to
see it and reports to that paper substantially as
follows:
There are not many of the bones to be seen,
but there was enough to give an idea of what
the beast must have been. The horn, which
was the most conspicuous, I found to be eight
feet nine inches in length and two feet one
inch in oircumference, slightly spiral, consid-
erably curved and tapering almost to a point.
There are three pieces of tbe jaw, one of which
is two feet long and contains the two back mo-
lar teeth, and is one foot five inches from the
joiut to the first molar tooth. The largest of
the teeth are seven inches long, and three and
one-half broad, measured on tne face. A joint
of tbe back bone measured thirteen inches in
breadth aud twenty-one in hight. A bone
said to be the third short rib, is four feet five
inches in length, and the bone from the knee
to the ankle is seven inches across the top.
Tbe horn in its present state weighs one hun-
dred and five pounds, aud one of the teeth
weighs five and one-half pounds. The bones
are in a very good Btate of preservation, and
also the horn; but the teeth (which are tuber-
cular) are perfect, the enamel being as hard
and intaot as ever. There is more of the skel-
eton still under the surface, which will be
taken out as soon as the frost is out of the
ground.
A New Utilization of Refuse Materials.
A very important discovery has recently
been made by MM. Croissant and Bretonniere,
of Mulhouse, France, which consists in pro-
ducing dyes of a large variety of brown hues
from substances not merely refuse, but in
themselves colorless. The pigments are ob-
tained by tbe reaction of alkaline sulphides up-
on ordina ry wood sawdust, humus, horn,
feathers, linen, silk, cotton, and paper waste,
gluten, blood, and a number of other mate-
rials. In certain cases, when treated with the
sulphides or polysulphides, the sulphur directly
combines with the organic body; in others sul-
phuretted hydrogen becomes substituted for the
hydrogen atoms eliminated.
The same body gives different shades', ac-
cording to the degree of temperature, the du-
ration of the operation, and the proportion of
sulphide employed. The longer the heating
and the higher the degree, the nearer the dye
approaches to black. Humus gives a fine
bistre shade, which does not fade, and is un-
alterable by prganio or mineral acida, caustic
lyes, soap, oxalate of potassa, etc. "With bran
a color is produced which subsequently, with
bichromate, yields a fine brownish yellow or
resin color, which can be changed to gray by
the addition of carbonate of soda. Sawdust,
preferably of oak, chestnut, and other non-
resinous woods, gives a soluble dye of a
brownish black, which appears upon the fabric
of a greenish hue. It is possessed of high
coloring properties and is very permanent.
Cycles of Gbowth. — A writer in the Prairie
Farmer, who has lived on the prairies of Illi-
nois for twenty years, thinks that many plants,
if not all, have a minimum and maximum year
for producing flowers and that these years are
at regiilar intervals of time. They increase
gradually from minimum to maximum, and then
decrease gradually to minimum, thus forming a
cycle. These cycles, differ in different plants
from four to seventy years. J He suggests that
this may account for the different varieties of
grain "running out," aha' wishes others to
make observations in this direction.
BueninO Undbb Pbhsbtjbes. — Accbrding to
reoent investigations by M. Cailletet, the re-
sults of burning sulphide of carbon, alcohol,
and carburet of hydrogen, under pressures
reaching thirty-five atmospheresr are that the
flame augments considerably in brilliancy,
while the combustibility of the substance
burned is notably diminished.
Rewabd3 and Punishments.— An English
soientist, by way of experiment, injected ab-
sinthe into the veins of some dogs, for which he
was fined by an English magistrate for cruelty
to animals. Shortly afterward the French Acad-
emy of Sciences awarded him a prize of $500
for his scientific researches.
New Use for the Cameba. — Among recent
curious inventions is the application of the
camera obscura to a railroad car, imparting to
the traveling and wondering beholder a mov-
ing diminutive picture of the country through
which he is passing.
Bobax. — M. S3hretz Btates that borax en-
feebles the spontaneous movements of all liv-
ing vegetable tissues and kills microscopic ani-
malcules. In this country the uae of borax as
a preservative of wood has been patented.
Filth or Foul Water the Cause of Boiler
Explosions.
The following interesting matter is collected
from a recent report of A. T. Hay to the Sec-
retary of the U. S. Treasury on the subject of
steam boiler explosions. His remarks are
quite novel, and well worthy a close consid-
eration :
When we boil pure water the steam rises
regularly in spheres from the bottom of the
vessel to the surface of the water. Steam at a
like temperature and pressure has at all times
the same number of molecules in a like volume,
aud the true measure of its energy may be cal-
culated with mathematical precision. Water
assumes three natural or alio tropic forms —
liquid, solid and vapor; in all these forms its
qualities inhere. What is true of a molecule of
water, ice or steam, is true of the whole volume
of either — these severol forms being due en-
tirely to a change of temperature. Water is the
most stable compound in nature; neither pres-
sure, cold, nor heat alone being able to reduce
it to its original elements.
ilany of our most terrific explosions take
place under a reduction of pressure; in fact, I
have known inatances wherein, just before an
explosion ensued, the steam gauge would recede
from 50 lbs. to 20 lbs. pressure, and no amount
of firing would bring up the pressure sufficient
to perform the work satisfactorily. If there
had been a scarcity of water there would have
been a surplus of steam. When boilers fire
easily and steam freely there is no danger of
any fearful disaster. If boiler.s give way under
such conditions, it is simply from rupture, the
effects of over-pressure, and not explosions in
any sense of the term.
There can be no violent explosion from
steam made from clean water, free from organic
matter. At least, after many years' close ob-
servation, coupled with direct investigation and
research, I have failed to find an instance where
pure simple steam made from clean water ever
exploded within a range of from 15 lbs. up to 500
lbs. pressure to the square inch. But I do find
that explosions in steam boilers revel in filth
and foul water. Take, for instance, the Mis-
sissippi and its tributariSs, and it will be found
that steamboat boiler explosions have been most
frequent in the vicinity of large cities, and as
we go down the river. The Lower Mississippi
ha3 been termed a graveyard, while in that
portion of the river above St. Louis, including
the Illinois, where the waters are comparatively
pure aud free from nitrogenous matter, explo-
sions have been very rare, while the Ohio, from
Cincinnati down, is noted for many steamboat
disasters. The most destructive and terrific
explosions have occurred in the spring of the
year, when the waters were loaded with organic
substances, earthy salts and oleaginous matters.
When we boil foul water we find it tumultu-
ous, accompanied with a low, bumping sound,
with fits and starts, so sudden and violent in
some instances as to jump bodily out of or even
burst an open vessel. This antagonism to the
boiling of any compound solution is caused by
the attraction of these foreign particles for
each other (chemical action and reaction),
while in the boiling of pure water there is no
chemical action whatever. Great rivers, like
those in the Ohio, Mississippi aud Missouri
valleys, are great natural sewers, and their
waters at certain seasons of the year are loaded
with organic remains in every stage of putre-
faction, while city wells and those around fac-
tories frequently become great sink-holes and re-
ceptacles for matter. My researches show that
such waters hold in solution and carry in sus-
pension from six up to sixty-three grains per
gallon of organic substances, to which may be
added copious quantities of oleaginous matter
in certain localities and the salts of ammonia
— N, H3. These' substances find their way into
steam boilers, where . they rapidly undergo
ohemical change, distillation, concentration,
and sometimes violent decomposition — that is,
culminate in terrific explosion, j
These organic skeletons, glycerine salts,
albuminous substances and atnmoniacal gases
found in water, consist chiefly of carbon, hy-
drogen; oxygen and nitrogen, and it is among
such nitrogenpus combinations aud types that
we find some of the most remarkable explosive
bodies. They are not only aeriform, but they
are gases of the most subtle and potent charac-
ter; gelatinous substances, in which the differ-
erent elementary atoms are all chemically com-
bined in the same molecule, that are liable to
sudden and violent decomposition whenever
the opposing forces to which they owe their ex-
istence become deranged by heat or some
external cause. Their affinities are very feeble;
hence their frequent destruction at high tem-
peratures. Merely a molecular disturbance of
any kind may cause violence. Their combus-
tion'being internal and instantaneous, they de-
velop a force at least ten times greater and one
hundred times quicker than that of Bteam
pressure— sudden and violent enough to de-
stroy open vessels. But in clean water we have
being the source of electricity, water in the
midst of fickle and treacherous company be-
comes demoralized and loses its virtue and sta-
bility, and goes off in a caseous state in time
of chemical reaction. This frequently occurs
when boilers explode, as neither water nor
steam are ejected from them, but an inflamma-
ble gas is evolved. Under such conditions the
engineer, dead or alive, is convicted of murder
for allowing the boilers to become dry, when,
in reality, a moment before the explosion his
boilers contained a full gauge of water.
Electric Lathe Chuck.
In order to obviate the inconvenience and loss
of time involved in the ordinary mode of fixing
upon a lathe chuck certain special kinds of
work, such sb thin steel disks or Bmall circular
saws, the chuck U converted into a temporary
magnet, so that the thin steel articles, when
simply placed on the face of the chuck, are
held there by the attraction of the magnet ; and ,
when finished, can be readily detached by merely
breaking the electric contact and demagnetiz-
ing the chuck. The face plate of the magnetic
chuck is composed of a central core of soft iron,
surrounded* by an iron tube, the two being kept
apart by an intermediate brass ring; and the
tube and core are each surrounded by a coil of
insulated copper wire, the ends of which are
connected to two brass contact rings tbat encir-
cle the case containing the entire electro-mag-
net thus formed. These ring3 are grooved,
and receive the ends of a pair of metal springs
connected with the terminal wires of an elec-
tric battery, whereby the chuck is converted
into an electro-magnet capable of holding
firmly on its face the article to be turned or
ground. For holding articles of larger diame-
ter, it is found more convenient to use an or-
dinary face plate, simply divided into halves
by a thin brass strip across the center; a horse-
shoe magnet, consisting of a bent bar of soft
iron, with a coil of copper wire round each leg,
is fixed behind the face plate, each half of
which is thus converted into one of the poles
of the magnet. The whole is enclosed in a
cylindrical brass casing, and two brass contact
rings fixed round this casing are insulated by a
ring of ebonite, and are connected with the two
terminal wires of the magnet coils. A similar
arrangement is also adapted for ho lding work
upon the bed of a planing or drilling machine,
in which case the brass contact rings are dis-
pensed with, and any desired number of pairs
of the electro-magnetic face plates are com-
bined so as to form an extended surface large
enough to carry large pieces of work. For ex-
citing the electro -magnet, any ordinary battery
that will produce a continuous current of elec- *
tricitycanbeused; but in machine shops, where
power can be obtained, it is more convenient to
employ a magneto-electric machine— such as
Gramme's for instance — rather than a battery.
the most stable substances known, under the
three distinct forma named, either of which
may be safely had out of the other by merely a
change of temperature.
As I said before, heat alone will not decom-
pose water, but electricity readily re-olves it
New Mode of Raising Water.
.Mr. R. F. Mushet, of Cheltenham, England,
has recently invented and patented a device,
whereby water and other fluids can be raised
from a greater depth than has hitherto been
practicable by the use of an ordinary suction
pump. To the lower end of the barrel of an
ordinary suction pump is attached a Auction of
feed pipe, the united lengths of which barrel
and pipe must not together exceed the hight to
which in practice a suction pump will raise a
column of water. The lower end of the suc-
tion pipe passes into a covered reservoir or
chamber, and extends nearly to the bottom of
the same. A second length of suction or feed
pipe is inserted through the bottom of the res-
ervoir or chamber, and passes upwards to with-
in a short distance of the top thereof. A simi-
lar arrangement of pipes and reservoirs or
chambers is continued until the source of water
is reached. The reservoirs or chambers are
respectively supplied with water by any con-
venient means, a stratum of air remaining at
the top of each reservoir or chamber. The
pump is set in action in the ordinary manner,
and the water is raised from the source of sup-
ply and discharged from the outlet of tbe pump-
barrel. A check valve or valves is or are
placed in the suction pipes for the purpose of
sustaining the column or columns of water,
and thereby rendering the discharge from the
pump more uniform than it otherwise would be.
into its original elements, and chemical action ' inches wide.
. A Locomotive Hill Climbeb. — A new loco-
motive for use on Ithaca hill, N. Y., has'made
its appearance. The incline has five tracks,
of which the two outer are of the usual width,
used in the ordinary manner. When the en-
gine starts up the hill' it rests upon a pair of
railsjjust within the usual track and upon a set of
double flanged small driving wheels which are
unon the 'same axles with the big drivers — they
bein<* only about thirty inches in diameter;
this "inside track is raised about fifteen to
eighteen inches above the outer one, and high
enough so that the big drivers do not touoh
the track at all; the engine rests now upon the
small drivers, and is independent of the outer
ones; then in the center of the track is placed
a wide cogged rail, which exactly meshes into
the cog wheel, which is between these small
drivers, directly under the center of the loco-
motive. Thus it will be seen that, by applying
power to the big drivers, in the ordinary way,
the power is applied to the cogged wheel, which
does the climbing. The cogs are about three
inches from tip to tip, and the wheel is eight
252
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 17, 1875.
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
Friday, Ahul 9.
mokning session.
405 Alpha 2J.'
1160 Best & Belcher.53^(
160 Belcher , ,36>£i
7(15 Bullion
60 Baltimore Con.
115 Ohollar
2040 Crown Point Hi
50 ....t"^
30 ....b
40 ....b 30
275 Confidence...
145 Con Virginia.. .46?', p55
1005 California 62&P&J
85 Caledonia 20$|@218
5 Lxchequer,...
130 Globe
260 Gould A Curry. .
179 Hole & Noroross...45@<2
145 Imperial 8&P"
65 Julia 1)4®
65 Justice Mu^i
95 ....b5 ... U0
150 Kentuok 17@16%
80 Knickerbocker 5
335L.dy Bryan 5 , fflft
1050 Mexican 28M@28&
50. ...1)5 28>£
2615 Ophir
290 Overman
110 ... b 5 62%
75 Savage 131@129
630 Sierra Nevada... .12@12%
95 Seg. Belcher. ..105<g)9T"
120 Succor )
270 Silver Hill
680 Union 8ife(
50 Utah 1
290 Vellow Jacket 90@
20 ....b 30 ,
70 ....b5 88(2
AFTERNOON SESSION.
3277 Andc3 GH
60 American Flat bH
120 Alta 5
205Bplmont WGHfa
100 Booth 7,^c
20 Challenge 7>$
250 Cosmopolitan. ...29@3o
190 Dayton 3jfi@3
1895 Eureka Con 25@2"
70 Eclipse '
85 Golden Chariot.... 6^@
55 Ida Ellmore 2%©
115 Jefferson '
120 Kossuth 2£
510 Leopard U
70 Lady Wash 1*$@1J£
250 Leviathan l%@13f
205 Meadow Valley. .7M@7&
115 Man-field „..7
2" tO Mahogany 10@9%
300 New York 3
850 Niagara «75®>2«C
50 occidental 32f
325 Orig Gold Hill. ..2^@2^
80 Pioche a&@3&
I .... b 30
250 Pioche West Ex.
300 Prussian..-
115 Poorman A%
100 Phil aheridan 1%
335 Raymond & Ely.. 45%r"
355 Rye Patch
650 Kock Island 5M@5
205 South Chariot. ..\%m%
300 S Rock Island 1
109 War Eagle 5%@5M
785 Woodville 2M@2>*
300 Wells-Fargo 24c
Satubday, April 10.
morning session.
120 Alpha 22M@23
320 Belcher 3i@37H'
515 Best ..&. Belcher. .52a52*
435 Bullion 56^(341
60 Buckeye 10c
780 Crown Point 39M@38
60 ....b 5 39%
160 Chollar 66
140 Confidence 22®22*
30 Con Virginia... 447%@450
1190 California 62^@63
100 ....b 5 7.63
35 Exchequer 300
20 b30 306
10 Empire Mill 6Jtf
335 Eureka Con 25@26
300 Gould & Curry 18%
36 H&le&Norcros9...44@45
470 Imperial 8%@8%
340 Kentuck ...16%@1694
1205 Lady Bryan &%@6
tfiOU Meadow Valley.. IHfflfik
375 Mexican 21@il%
40.. ..b 30 27:'
589 Ophir 97@U
250 ....b 30 99@1>
480 Overman 61@C.
300 Raymond & Ely. .48@40%
50 ....bSO 49
50 Succor I1,,
50.. ..d 5 \%
80 Savage 129@13l>
155 Sierra Nevada.... ....„I2
115 Union Con....
Monday, April 12,
morning session.
20 American Flat
755 Alpha ,...23,'
120 Belcher 36' ,
385 Bullion 503£®51
20 ....b30 ..7.52
409 Baltimore Con 9@87a
175 Best* Belcher SST"
10 ....b30
30 Chollar 65^1
685 Crown Point 39®
256 Con Virginia. .,.44073)445
20 Confidence 2
215 California 62^@623
30 Caledonia 2t
80 Dayton ....3
250 Dardanelles 3
120 Empire Mill 6g@6J
460 Gould & Curry. . .18®l8W
100 Globe Iiu!„
30 HaleiNorcross... 44@43
40 Justice 135@Ui>
320 Jacket 95%ffi^6't
100 b39 ZXtt*
70 Julia VA@1%
100 Knicker WmH
310 Kentuck 16@16M
575 Lady Bryan... ...6^@6M
100
..'27
385 Mexican
225 New VorK
100 Occidental *
630 Ophir 96@S
50 b 30 „ S
,30 b5 w%m
100 Overman 61@f
410 Phil Sheridan Al
400 Rook Island 6^(3
150 Sierra Nevada >
250 Silver Hill 10^3)10;„
50 Tyler 62^c
620 Union Con B>$@8^
50 Utah „775
AFTERNOON SEBBION.
400 American Flae 2%
1735 Andes 6@6%
150 ....b30 e«r -
205 Belmont 4M)
40 Beech A Paxton
100 Cosmopolitan 29o
190 Eureka Con 30f "
100 El Dorado youth.... 62%c
85 Golden Chariot.. ..7Mi
200 Jefferson 8%u.-
^20 Kossuth 2%<m$i
100 ...890 7.7.2%
150 Leopard ...]
270 Leviathan 1MSL
455 M Valley 8&®8M
100 Mansfield 7>4
200 Mahogany 10@9%
100 Niugara 70o
10O Orig Gold Hill 2%
200 Pioohe 4
100 Prussian 2%\ 97U Woodvilk.,,
230 Poorman 5 1700 Wells-Fargo
300 Pioneer IK
500 Pioche West Ex 2
618 Raymond & Ely. . . .50@56
205 Rye Patch 2
130 South Chariot.. -,1«@1%
100 Seg Rock Island....?:..!
100 WarEacle 4&@5
1065 Woodville 2%@2?fi
1800 Wells- Fargo.... 25@27%o
Ttjebday, April 13.
morning session.
465 Ophir 97
10 b30 6H@6H
445 Mexican 2K%@27
100 Gould & Curry. 18^@I8.%
817 Best & Belcher. . .wmin
100 ...,b 30 63%
20 Savage 130
130 Chollar 64%@6S
20 ....b30 66M
50 Hale & Norcross. 45@43%
1695 Crown Point 40@4I¥
40 ....b 6 41%
325 Jacket 89@-t7
195 Imperial 8%@9
20 Empire Mill 6%
430 Kentuck 17%@17$f
340 Alpha 22*4 @23
240 Belcher 37#
20 ....b 30 38@3S^
Hi Confidence 22
20 Con Virginia... 44 Ito444%
295 Sierra Nevada. .12%w)l2?s
670 California 63^63!4
220 Bullion 53@5l
20 -....30 b&/£
365 Overman t»l@K2
10 Seg Belcher ..107%
53 Justice 140
48" Union Con, 8@8Ji
6^5 Lady Bryan ti<S)6J4
100 ....b 10 6%
290 Jnlia 7S£@7>£
40 Caledonia 21@20%
100 Knicker.- 4M@4H
401 Globe l<a>lM
55 Baltimore Con...8^'@S7a
450 Silver Hill 10%@1I
60 Challenge t
10 Utah 5
120 R ck island bk§B
110 New York ,....3@2?6
150 Occidental 3$f
50 Phil Sheridan 1%
165 American Flat...9M@9,%
100 Tyler V£%o
AFTERNOON SESSION.
455 American Flag 2>^@3
23) . ..0 30 2%
555 Alta 5a,4J4
2i50 Andes 6M@6^
1UO0 ....b 30 64s@6,%
>-W Belmont 4Ula)4%
100 Chief of Hill „..10c
209 Cosmopolitan ..27c
845 Eureka Con 30@33
200 El Dorado South 1
60 Eureka 9
375 Goiden Chariot., ..VA®1
385 Ida Ellmore 4^@3%
190 Jefferaon... 7
lOOKoatuth 2M
400 ....s 90 2%
100 Leopard 11
475 Leviathan 13{@2
625 Meadow Valley.. Mtimi
100 ....b3U 85tf
100 North Belmont 37%o
50 Mahogany 3%
90 Mint 3t)c
50 Niagara 70o
900 N Carson 50o
605 Orig Gold Hill...2>$@2«
65 Pioche 4Jfe
50 Pioche West Ex 2
500 Prussian
900 Pioneer 1,%I
SOU Poorman r
370 Raymonds Ely52%
415 Rye Patch L.
270 South Chariot ....1
50 ...,b 5 2
50 Wash <t Creole \XA
290 War Eagle -I-V' ■>
955 Woodville 2%a2^
1250 Wells-Fargo ,25@3dc
Wednesday, April 14.
morning session.
630 Ophir 99@100
195 Mexican 27%Q27?4
225 Gould 4 Curry. 18^@18%
565 Best & Belcher. ..53@53%
20 ....b30 54%
B0 Savage 131@132%
145 Chollar 64@65
10 ... b 30 65
70 Hale & Norcross 44
20 ....b30 44*f
2315 Crown Point 40%@42
180 ..:.b30., 42%
20 ....b5 41%
80 Jacket 87@87%
60 Empire Mill 6'A
610 Kentuck... I8@k7¥
250 ....b5 18
100 Imperial 8&
310 Alpha 22%@23
355Befcber 37^'@37%
175 Con Virginia. . .450@147%
400 Sierra Nevada.. ..13^@U
100 ....b 10... .14
50 Daney 75«
2630 California 64%@65
330 Bullion 52@50
65 ....b 30 52@o2S
95 Justice lS0@13l
225 Union Con 8%
250 Lady Bryan 6@5&
50 ....b30...
780 Jnlia
60 Caledonia
100 Knicker il4
820 Globe l@l%
220 Baltimore Con...8?4@8^
200 Silver Hill 11
iO Dayton 3
200 Rook Island *«
85 New York. 3@27b
65 Utah 5
25 American Flat 01 .,
80 Phil Sheridan. ...1%@1?b
30 Exchequer 310
— ....b30V 310
585 Overman 61@62
AFTERNOON SESSION.
100 American Flag..2M@2%
570 Alta 4^@5
4115 Andes 6>4@6%
100 ... b 30 6i4
100 Belmont 4J6@4%
2 0O P Ravine.. ..50c@62%c
400 (Cosmopolitan.. .2.5@i8%c
795 Eureka Con
20 Eureka G V.
130 ....a 10 ,
50 Empire Idaho 2
280 Golden Chariot.... 7M@7
615 Ida Ellmore 3%@3«
50 Indus 3%
390 Jefferson 7@7%
1650 KK Consolidated 1
395 Koaanth VA
75 Leopard ..13
450 Leviathan 1%®2
6^0 Meadow Valley. .7%@8M
225 M Belcher 37%®50c
5J Mahogany 10
220 Mansfield 7M@7%
390 Mint 35c{gH0o
300 N Carson 50o
100 Niagara 70o
500 ....b5 70o
660 Orig Gold Hill 2%@4
80 Pioohe 5
200 Pioohe West Ex 2
100 Poorman 4M@4%
450 Prospect 2%@-M
525 Rayinond&Ely....49@50
10 ...s90 49
685 Rye Patch \%®2
55 South Chariot 2
50 Wash A Creole 1%
25 War Eagle 4%
...2%@i^
Uo@Z7^C
LAST WEEK AND THIS WEEK COMPARED.
Last Week.
Thursday, April 8.
morning session.
100 Alpha 2<
136 Am Flat 9S9J-
800 Best* Belcher.... 49g)5l
360 Belcher 35%@3(
185 Bullion 4S%@4';
80 Bacon 4fc
£0 Baltimore Con... 8%@8^
1770 California 6L@61%
910 Crown Point.. 3.6%@37%
115 Ohollar Potosi...63%@64
210 Con Virginia 455-aM50
195 Caledonia 17%@18
630 Confidence 21@21%
50 Daney Jfi
40 Dayton.. 3
70 Dardanelles 3@3!.(
140 Gould & Curry. ..16@IS%
200 Globe 1@1%
165 Hale & Norcros. . 42@43
45.5 Imperial B&QiaH
225 Justice I35@14.^
100 Julia 7
160 K-.ickerbooker
22 Kentuck 15¥
830 Lady B yan 4%(fe~,,
1470 Mexican 25%(326
20 New York "
575 Ophir 86®...,
450 Overman 6J@63
120 Rock Island 5^($5%
20 Savage 12 f ""
205 >ilverHill 10^"
300 Sierra Nevada... 11>^©12
5 Seg Belcher 110
1110 U 01 011 Uon 8@8>4
50 Utah «T "
400 Woodville Ziiwfyi
180 Yellow Jacket... 85@86%
AFTERNOON SESSION.
2180 Andes L___
2 0 Am Flag 2&®VA
2000 Booth 50c
100 Beech & Paxton 4
3*'0 Cosmopolitan 30c
770 Eureka Con. . . .22lA@2iU
170 Golden Chariot 6>ai
200 Li a Ellmore 3%@4
170 Jeffe.son 7
190 Leopard 91@0
230 Leviathan 1V'~
345 Meadow Valley
90 Munsfield 7
3i> Mahogany 10
25 North Carson .1%
90OGHill 2
L909 Pioneer 1JK
»00 Prospect 2@2k
430 Poorman 4%@5
300 Raymond 4Ely....43®45
600 Rye Patch 2@2}a
50 Silver Cord 2
1050 Wells-Fargo 25@30c
150 War Eagle 5@5%
This Week.
Thursday April 15,
morning session.
75 Alpha 22@23
35 Belcher 37
365 Best & Belcher. 53^@53K
365 Bullion 53M@5!)£
130 Baltimore Con... 8*/@3%
80 Oh liar 63%%64
515 Crown Point.. .38&@£S5JU
60 Confidence 20
60 Con Virginia. ...450@452%
160 California 64W@64^
30 Caledonia 2l@21%
5 Challenge 7
120 Dayton 3
150 Dardanelles 3
125 Empire Mill 6M
5 Exchequer 300
310 Gould &, Curry. . . 18^(319
405 Globe .... .1
30 Hale & Norcross..43%@44
2)0 Imperial B¥@9
160 Justice .1303134
906 Julia 8K@8?a
500 Kentuck '.7%@18
100 Knickerbocker.. .4%fa)4Ji
360 Lady Bryan 5*4@5*j;
930 Mexican 27 (■iiaitfK
300 New York Con 2%@3
1105 Ophir 103@i0o}2
230 Overman 6l@61%
25 Occidental S5fi
175 Rock Inland b%
20 Savage 132
155 Sierra Nevada.. ]3J4@I3'^
3'6 Silver Hill 11@11M
100 Succor \%
20 Utah 45J
60 Union Con BM@8^
100 Yellow Jacket. .86J£@87%
AFTERNOON SESSION.
100 American Flag 1%
120 Alta 45*
35 0 Andes 6M@6%
335 Belmont 4%.®4&
500 cherry Creek l
O P Ravine 62%
350 Cosmopolitan 28o
100 Eureka Con 27@28
50 Eureka Graas Valley.. ..8
50 Florida 3
55 Golden Chariot 7
225 Ida Ellmore 33.,(3:4
100 Jacob Little 50o
405 K KCon. 1@1M
150 Leviathan 1%
330 MeHdow Valley.. ..7^@8
li-0 M Belmont. 4%@4%
210 Manatield 7^to7?a
109 Mahogany If
200 Mint 45o
200 Niagara ...70c
780 North Caraon 50c
250 Pioneer \\t
370 Prospect 2M
55 Poorman 4?£@5
50 Pioohe 2k
905 RaymondAEIy....50@r)2
"55 Rye Patch S%
150 Silver Cord 2%
940 South Chariot 2
570 Woodville 2J4@2-16
8S0 Wells-Fargo 25o
Mining Stocks.
The market during the week under review
has been without any noteworthy general
movement. The Comatooks have been un-
steady, with slight and comparatively regular
vibrations. Toward the close of last week an
upward tendency was observable, which was
firmly maintained for a time, but at the open-
ing of the present week met with the custom-
ary relapse. Consolidated Virginia has de-
clared its usual little dividend of $1,080,000,
and is the only Washoe mine now disbursing
dividends. It is expected, however, that sev-
eral otber prominent mines will soon come to
the front with regular monthly returns to stock-
holders. Ophir, California and some of the
Gold Hill mines are spoken of as probable divi-
dend-payers.
Assessments are now in order. Yellow
Jacket, Chollar and' Hale & Norcross call for
$5 each, and California for $3.
Among the outside stocks Eureka Consoli-
dated and Raymond & Ely have attracted most
attention. A sudden leap upward of 20 per
cent, in each of these startled the market early
in the week. With Raymond & Ely the other
Fioche stocks strengthened in sympathy.
Eureka Consolidated has been developing the
new strike witn flattering prospects. Steady
and larger dividends are promised for the
future. The Idaho stocks are on the up grade,
and are stiffening daily.
The Locomotive. — For some time past a
series of valuable illustrated articles has been
running in the Railroad Gazette, entitled "Cat-
echism of the Locomotive." These articles
have now been published in book form, and
are for sale at Bancroft's, in this city. It com-
prises a most exhaustive treatise on locomo-
tives, in suoh a form as to furnish a clear and
easily understood description of the principles,
construction, and operations of the locomotive
of the present day, a subject which is not con-
cisely or adequately treated in any similar
work. It is clearly and plainly written, in a
manner decidedly advantageous fo.r those who
have not acquired stndiouB habits of thought.
To such the question asked presents first a
distinct image of the subject to be considered,
so that the explanation or instruction which
follows is much more apt to be understood
than it would be if no such question had been
asked. The idea was taken from the German
work on locomotives by Georg Eosak, and that
work is largely quoted from, The work is pro-
fusely illustrated with all conceivable sorts of
diagrams, so as to explain each thing in detail
as it ocours. It is very comprehensive and
full, and contains in the appendix tables ' 'of
the properties of steam," of "hyperbolic log.
arithims," "of the properties of different
kinds of fuel," "of the resistance of trains,"
etc. This book is useful, not only to locomo-
tive engineers, but to all classes interested in
steam engines; and to students and apprentices
is invaluable. The author is M. N. Forney.
The Amador quicksilver mine is yielding
about 100 pounds of metal a day.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press aavfl 1
other S. F. Journals.!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company. Location. iVo. Ami. Levied. Deling'nt. Sale. Secretary. Place of ButineM,
American Flag M & M Co Washoe 7
American Flat M Co Washoe 6
Atlantic & Pacific Cons M Co Cal 10
Bacon M * M Co Washoe 3
Baltimore Conn M Co Washoe 8
Booth G M Co Hal 1
Buckeye G & S M Co Washoe 13
Caledonia S M Co Washoe ll
rhief of the Hill MOo Washoe 6
Chollar-Potosi M Co WsBhoe 6
Crown Point Ravine S M Co Washoe 2
Daney G Jfe S M Co Wa-hoe 13
Europa M Co Washoe 3
Globe Cons M Co Waslioe 5
Golden Chariot M Co Idaho 13
Hale & Norcross S M Co Washoe afi
Independent G M Co Cal 8
Justice M Co Washoe 14
K K Oona M Co Eureka Nevada
Kossuth M Co Washoe 3
Lady Bryan M Co Wnshoe 6
Mammnth Silver M Co Nevada 18
Meadow Valley M Co Ely District 8
Mexican G & SM Co Washoe 1
Monitor Belmont M Co Nevflda
Overman S M Co Washoe 31
Phil Sheridan G & S M Co Washoe 2
Pictou M Co Was''oe 7
Pi"che West Extension M Co Washoe 7
Prussian GiSMOo Washoe 4
Bavmond A Ely M Co Pioctie 4
Rock Island G & S M Co Washoe 7
Senator Silver w Co ■ Washoe 11
Silver Cord M Co Iiaho 8
South Chariot M Co Idaho 13
South r.omstookGASM Co Washoe 2
St Patrick G M Co Cal 10
Starr King M Co Wa=hoe 10
Succor M & M Co Washoe 11
Victoria & Imperial T & M Co Utah 4
Ward Reechpr Cons M A M Co Nevada 4
WpIIs Fargo M Oo Washoe 1
Woodville Cons S M Co Washoe 1
Yellow Jacket S M Co Washoe 20
50 Mar 26
1 00 April 10
5 Mar 9
50 Mar 9
1 00 April 12
15 Mar 31
50 Mar 4
3 00 Mar 9
2-5 Mar 26
5 00 April 14
50 Mar 12
50 Mar 22
25 April 14
75 Mar 18
2 00 Mar B
5 00 April 13
. tO MarlS
3 00 MarlS
1 00 April 2
50 Feb 25
50 MarlB
10 Feb 25
1 00 Feb 11
50 Mar 22
50 Marie
3 00 Mar 16
75 Jnn2l
25 Mar 2
1 00 Mar 10
50 Mar 24
5 00 April I
1 Oil Mar 11
50 Feb 25
1 00 Mar 27
50 Mar 30
25 April 9
50 Feb 2
25 Feb 25
50 April 8
15 Feb 26
30 Feb 27
10 Mar 17
1 00 Mar 25
5 00 April 7
May 4
May 14
April 14
April 12
May 19
May 3
April 10
April 13
April 30
May 18
April 12
April 28
Ma\ 20
April 22
April 12
May 18
April 19
April 20
May 6
Mar 13
April 19
April 3
Mar 23
April 26
April 19
April 20
Mar 2
April 3
April 17
May 3
May 10
April 15
April 3
April 1
May 4
May 12
Mar 8
Mar 31
May 13
April 2
April 8
April 21
April 28
May 11
May 28
June 2
May 3
May 1
June 7
May 25
April 29
Mayl
May 20
June S
April 29
May 20
June 8
May 12
Mayl
June 9
May 10
May 20
May 9
April 21
Mav7
April 28
April 20
May 14
May 17
May 10
Mar 30
April 23
May 7
May 22
June 5
Mav7
April 23
April 22
May 25
May 31
Mar 31
April 19
June 3
April 27
May 6
May 10
May 17
June 11
Geo R Soinney
O A Sankey
A Noel
Edward May
C A Sankey
Geo ft Spinney
CH Sankey
K Wegener
Chirles S Neal
W E Dean
J M Bufflngton
Geo R Spinuey
R B Noyes
J Maguire
li Kaplan
J F Liphtner
Geo T Grimes
E F Stern
Frank Swift
D A Jennings
J W Colburu
J W ACoIi-man
W * Hopkins
Geo D Edwards
W R Townsend
S Philips
T L Kimball
R H Brown
J W Ooiburn
J W Clark
J U Sayre
Frank Swift
O H Bogart
J M Buffington
D F Verdenal
Louis Kinlan
W H Watson
Win H WatJon
D A Jennings
C A Sankey
W M Hetman
G W Hopkins
320 California st
331 Montgomery st'
419 California at-
419 California st
331 Montgomery b(
320 California st
331 Montgomery si
414 I'alifornia st
419 California, st
419 California st
Merchants' £1
320 California st
419 California at
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
438 California st
240 Montgomery at
Merchants' Ez
41 1M California st
419 I'alifornia st
419 California st
401 rah'oriuaBt
418 California st
419 California st
41U$ California at
414 California at
3311 Pi -e Bt
408 California Bt
409 California st-
402 Montgomery st.
418 California st !
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
10 Stevenson's Bldg:
41" California st
402 Montgomery at
Merchants' Bx-
409 California st
Merchants' Ei
202 Montgomery at.
302 Montgomery st
401 Califoruiast
33] Montgomery et
401 California st
Gold Sill Nevada.
Alharabra Q M Oo Oal
Annie Belcher Quicksilver M Oo Cal
Arizona & Utah M Co Washoe
Booth GM Co Placer Oo C .1
Cascade Blue Gravel M Oo Cal
Cederberg G M Co
Chicago Quicksilver M Oo Oal
Cienega P M Co Mexico
Cincinnati O & S M Co Cal
Edith Q M Co Oal
El Doaado State Oo Cal
Emma Hill Oons M Co Utah
Enterprise Cons M Co Cal
Excelsior Q M Co ■ Cal
Fresno Q S M Co Oal
Geyser Q S M Co oil
Golden Crown M Co Cal
Gold Run M Op Nevada Co Oal
Illinois Central M Oo Idaho
International Gold M Co Oal
International G M Oo Oal
Kentucky G 4 S M Co Washoe
Lake Countv Q S M Oo Cal
Los Pnetos M Oo nal
Magenta SM Co Grass Valley Cal
Mariposa L & M Co Cal
North Bloomneld Grave] M Co Oal :
OrleinsMCo oa]
Pauper M Oo Idaho
Eociy Bar M Co
Silver Cloud G 4 S M Oo Cal
Silver Peak M Oo„ Washoe
Silver Sprout M Co ' Cal
Stan lelaus River M Co Cal
Utah S M Co Washoe
We.vervilleD.lHM Co Wa80al
Woodville G 4 S M Co Washoe
20
75
15
10
50
10
Mar 21
April 10
Mar 18
Mar 31
Mar 8
Mar 8
April 9
50 Mar 5
10 Mar 17
30 Mar 10
15 Mar 4
411 Jan 29
25 Mar .0
25 Mar 20
25 Mar 2
50 Marl5
6 Mar 30
15 April 7
50 Mar 22
15 Mar 2
IS Mar 2
2" Mar 18
10 Mar 10
50 Mar 6
50 April 9
1 00 Mar 10
1 00 April 14
"" Mar 16
Mar 4
Mar 3
Feb 8
Mar 29
Feb 17
April 1
Mar 13
Mar 19
Feb 28
1 00
40
20
2 00
50
Name of Co.
Amador Cons M Co
Barcelona Cons M Oo
Oosala M Co
Franklin M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Gohlen Chariot M Co
Huhn 4 Hunt S M Co
Illinois Central M Co
Pioche S M Co
Providence G 4 S M Co
Shasta Bullion G 4 S M Oo
Wonder G M Oo
Wyoming G M Co
1 00 Mar 25
MEETINGS TO
Location. Seoretary.
Nevada J M Bufflngton
J P Moore
Mexico ChasBaum
Wm H Watson
May 15
May 31
May 12
May 25
Mav3
April 30
Mav 31
April 22
May 17
Mav 14
April 20
April 5
May 18
May 15
May 3
May 16
May 20
June 4
Ma- 20
April 26
May 24
May 22
May 4
May 3
June 1
June 7
June 6
May 10
May 3
May 8
April 12
May 28
June 17
May 22
Mayl
May 11
April 21
May 17
HELD.
Office in S F.
Merchants' Ex
426 California Bt
510 Battery st
302 Montgomery at
April 26
May 12
April 22
Mav 3
April 13
April 9
May 10
April 6
April 2G
April 22
April 5
Mar 8
April 24
April 26
April 10
April 23
May 1
May 10
April 27
April 6
May 5
Ai>ril 28
April 15
April 12
May 13
May 13
May 12
April 21
April 10
April 14
Mar 15
May 6
April 17
May 5
April 14
April 21
Mar 29
April 28
R Von Paster
J M Bufflngtoa
J Maeuire
G R Spinney
J M Biifflnston
D M Bokee
O R Oottrell
W R Townsend
Wm Small
Win Stunrt
HuL-h EliaB
G J Cole
F J Uermann
R Von Pflster
R Wegener
Ford H Rocers
Dnnlel Buck
C O Palmer
R H Brown
J M Bufflngton
J M BuffiDfrion
R Goldsmith
A Balrd
S H Smith
L K ii plan
L Leavitt
Thos Derby
J F Nesmith
W F Bryant
J P Oavallier
A A Enqnist
G T Graves
T B Wingard
W Stuart
B F H ckaon
W E Dean
FHRogers
W M Helman
tl
I
H
Me roll ants' Er
Merchants' Et
419 California at
320 California f>6
Merchants' Ex
216 SanecmB Bt
310 Kearny at
33! i Pirjo aft
*31 California Bt
113Liedesdorffett
■ilfi Montgomery at
302 Monigomeiyst \
418 Kearny Bt
Merchants' Ex
■JUCali ornwiat
Academy Bids
14 Stevenson's Bldg
41 Markets*
402 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
UH Sansome st
316Californlftst
Mont ■omery At
Merchants' Ex
401 California et -
32>l California st i
315 California st ^
402 Montgomery a* ■
513 California s
71 New Mftpte'y efc s
240 Montgomery st !
318 California st •
113I>eideadorfTat ■
408 California st <
It
i
!
1
:a
i!
BE
330 Pine _
401 California st
Wa«hoe Called by Trustees 419 California st
Idnho Called by Trustees Merchants' Ex
Ely Diet T L Kemball 409 California at
Idaho R H Brown 402 Montgomery st
Ely Diat Ohas E Elliott 419 California st
Called by Trustees
Oal Called by Trustees 111'* Leidesdorff st
Oal J L Armstrong 513 Sacramento st
Oal J M Bufflngton Merchants' Ex
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING
Loeation.
Name of Co.
Belcher M. Oo.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M &, M Co
Oons Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Co.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Excelsior M & M Co
Jefferson S M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Secretary.
Washoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Oal Frank Swift
Washoe Obarles H Fish
Waahoe OE Elliott
N. c. Faseet
Nev WWTraylor
Frank Swift
O A Lankey
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4.9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay at.
419 California st
419 California at
331 Montgomery st
409 California st
if
Data..
nrtl 20 :■
May
April 29 I
Mar 34!
April 9 i
April 20 .
April 27-
April 10 i ,
May 3
April 24
April 21 •
April )9
April ig
INCORPORATIONS.
Amount.
3 00
29
Meeting.
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Annual
10 00
2 00
1 00
so
1 00
50
so
Payable.
Jan 1
Mnr I
Not 6
Apr i
Jan 2
Jim. 5
AprJ
April Id
April 15
Mar 6
HO.
hi
it
Heavy Flow.— At the Lady Washington
mine, on the Comstock, the miners last week
suddenly cut through or into what is supposed
to be the east wall of the ledge, encountering
such a heavy flow of water thttt the men- had to
get out of there in a hurry. The water rose in
the shaft rapidly, and although it has been
taken out at the Tate of 150,000 gallons per
day ever since, it had attained a night of nearly
100 feet in the shaft day before yesterday.
Since then the huge bailing tanks have been
gaining upon it and the water is gradually
lowering in the shaft. Like similar bodies or
pockets of water found in the ledge, it will
doubtless become drained out in due time.
A flood of water was reoently tapped in the
Globe Consolidated mine, by the south drift
from the main weBt cross-cut on the 400-foot
level. Pieces of quartz and ore brought out by
the flood are of a highly encouraging character.
The frame of the new building for the incline
machinery of the Ophir mine is nearly com-
pleted, and laying the foundation for the hoist-
ing engine will be pushed to completion as fast
as the nature of the work will permit.
The erection of the new incline machinery
on the Savage mine is nearly completed, and
the developments on the 2200-foot level are
looked forward to with great interest.
The Hale & Noroross mine extracted 292 tons
of ore last week; there are 2,764 tons on the
dumps.
Several prominent silver mines in Bingham,
Utah, have developed rich copper veins thirty
feet wide.
At the Pacific Kolling Mills about 150 tans
of rails have just been finished, beside the
usual amount of miscellaneous work. The
mills have been partly Bhut down during the
past week, for repairs, but everything will be
in runniog order with a full foroe on Monday.
They are very busy at present. A large amount
of work is being done for the mines; and in
fact this class of work alone has, of late, been
sufficient to keep the mills buBy.
*>
At the California mine the new machinery
is fast arriving on the ground and the excava-
tions for the foundations of the engine and1 s--i
other machinery is being pushed to completion
as fast as it is possible for it to be done.
A project is on foot to establish a large foun-
dry in East Napa, to be conducted by a joint
stock company. Its purpose will be to manu-
facture Btoves, etc.
Caepon river, it is said, will not be able to
furnish sufficient water this summer to run the
mills on that stream to half their capacity.
The Australian tin mines produced in 1874
about 8,404 tons, a steady and increasing
yield, averaging about 700 tons per month.
The Pacific Tannery, of 8tockton, recently
destroyed by fire, will be rebuilt thiB season.
No less than 34,255 immigrants have arrived
in California overland since April 1, 1874.
The Jefferson mine shipped $4,462 on the
3d inst.
The Chollar mine s<-nt to mil) 279 tons of ore I
last week, Hsaaying $34.27 per ton.
The Eureka mine at Grass Valley cleaned uf
3U0 ounces gold amalgam last week.
\pril 17, I875-]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
253
Fining
iUMMARY.
The following U motlly coadan««d from jo ureal » pab-
nb*d to (he interior. in proximity to the mine* meotioae't
California.
MADOR-
Rich Diacove*T.— Amador Dispatch, April
We are reliably informed that another rich
oartz mine bus recently been discovered about
mile from tie town of Sutter Creek, which,
rom present indications, is likely to prove as
•laable, when tally developed, as the famous
mudm mine. The new mine is owned by the
Urimflitiu mining company, and a shaft has
kready been sunk to a depth of 25 ft, at which
pth the vein is three ft wide, and is increas-
igin width and thickness as they go down,
boat 80 tons of the rock has been taken oat
nd crushed, and it yielded an average of
12.50 per ton.
Mining Items. — Amador Ledger, April 10:
inking still continues in the Kennedy, and
ropos&ls for sinking 100 or 150 ft deeper in
ie main t-huft have been advertised. The ore
the Kennedy at the lowest depths reached,
iks very flittering.
Col. Whitesides, M. E., was in oar county a
days ago making an examination of the
oval League mine near Drytown, and should
report be favorable, the mine will again be
in working condition.
The Gover, also near Drytown, at last re-
>rts was producing high grade ore from a
~ extensive body. The future prospect of
e mine is represented as being very flatter-
CoDsiderable activity prevails in gravel
ning with satisfactory returns. The heavy
el claims along the line of the canal are
ing opened on a permanent scale, and as far
hydraulic power has been applied, the
lims are looking remarkably well. When
claims shall be thoroughly opened fmany
them presenting gravel over 200 ft in depth),
is bat reasonable to expect a large amount of
Id therefrom. Altogether tbe mining out-
ok of the county U very encouraging.
LAVERAS.
Clean-up. — Calaveras Chronicle April 11: A
rant clean-up at tbe Veith hydraulic claim
Tunnel ridge, after a ran of thirty days, re-
lted in $1,0U0. A cave that occurred during
e month delayed operations somewhat. Hy-
"ics have multiplied rapidly in this vicinity
ring the past few years; and yet, oonsidering
e opportunities that have not been improved,
' character of mining is still in its infancy.
DNTRA COSTA.
N*w Retort*.— Contra Costa Gazette, April
The quicksilver company at work near
ayton are progressing satisfactorily in run-
ir their tunnels, and in aacumalating good
9 for the furnaces, which tbey have not been
erating for the past few weeks, as their re-
"ng apparatus was not satisfactory. Their
st retorts were on a new and before untried
.a, which was found defective on trial, and
iy have been replaced by others of well tested
)rit, and the furnaces will soon be again
■rted in operation.
YO.
Panamint Cons. M. Co.— Panamint News,
il6: This is the new company recently in-
orated, whioh is now engaged developing
following mines: Don Juan, Jesse May,
w Englaud, California and Humboldt. The
m Juan js situated in Woodpecker canon,
j is a 20-ft shaft and a 50- ft tunnel in the
, The ore averages about $100 per ton as
(cornea out of the mine. The Jesse May is
Quartz canon, and consists of 12 parallel
ata of quaitz, of from three to four feet in
lib, all rich in ore and only a few feet apart.
ley have 100 tons of $150 ore on the dump.
I n tons of $300 ore have been assorted and
ibked. The other mines of the company are
■ being worked.
Twilight. — This mine is on the north side
i Sunrise canon. On this ledge an open cut
I I been run for a distance of 20 ft, and some
aft from the cut a shaft has been sunk to a
ipth of 3C ft. At these points a ledge fully
•Bft in width is shown. The oountry rock is
ftestone, but it is entirely covered up by the
■oris from the main or porphyry mountain.
-out one hundred tons of ore have been taken
a ih.it assay-*, on an average, $200 per ton.
Sunrise. — There is piled up on the dumps of
»s aim* not lee* than 500 tons, andtbere is
wight in the different openings made, not
Ihthun 1500 tous more — a.l fr -e miling ore.
3 more will be tak*-n out until th-ir mil is
>Ldy lor crushing. From ihe huodreds of a--
while out prospecting in.tbe rough, almost in-
accessible mountains northeast of town, hunt-
ing for an extension of the Bull Run ledge
owned by Gilpin and others. The lead crops
boldly out and can be traced at least a mile,
Alfred F. Bnnnell being the first locator.
Seven claims of 1500 ft each have been located
by John Dunn, Robert Butts, Daniel Thorn-
ton, J. 3. Collins, James Bunnell and J. D.
Button. The lead runs parallel with the Big
Blue, and about one mile west. An assay
shows S325 gold, with some silver and an en-
tire absence of base metal. Work is now pro-
gressing. The mill of the Big Blue will be
used for the present, crushing rock. .The pros-
pects are that Kemville will become one of the
most important mining towns in the State.
NAPA.
Cheome Ibon.— St. Helena Star, April 8: We
learn from the party most interested, Mr. C.
B. Sharpe, of Chiles valley, that he has sold
out his chrome iron mine, situated near his
ranch, in the aforesaid valley, to the firm of
Tvson Brothers, of Baltimore. Their agent,
Mr. Reisler, is still in this vicinity, and it was
through him the sale was made. The ore will
be brought by wagon to this point, and hence
to San Francisco by rail. Th is is the first mine
that has been sold in this neighborhood, and
the ore from which, will oome here. May it
not be the last. We want mines to be sold and
worked, and all the ore to come out this way
Every ton is productive of good to the business
interests of our town.
Coal. — Culistoga Press: A coal mine was re-
cently discovered about eight miles from Mid-
dleiown, on Soda creek, by Messrs. Brown &
Co., and looks and burns well. There is no
danger of its giving oat, as the ledge is about
40 ft wide. G. Ivancovish showed us a sample
of the coal. It is pronounced by experts to be
of very good quality.
The Calistoga Mine.— It is well known
here that when tbe mill stopped laBt fall the
road leading from the mine to the mill was im-
passible, and that its condition was the sole
cause of the stoppage of the mill. A thousand
tons of high-grade rock was left at the dump,
awaitiug fair w-ather. After tbe mill hands
were discharged, the managers of the mine con-
sidered it expedient to put a large force of men
at work on the prospecting tunnels, and to
that end have been to work on three important
points. First, tunnel No. 4 on the extreme
south line of the mine, and 2,000 ft from the
discovery point. Second, tunnel No. 3, about
a hundred yards west of the toll-gate, and tap-
ping the ledge 590 ft under the cropping, and
third, tunnel No. 2, on the ore yard, 385 ft un-
der the cropping. This tunnel is on the ledge
almost 260 ft, and the development on this
level promises the most flattering results. The
ledge has widened to about six ft, and the
average assay has been $130 per ton. About
twenty tons per day are taken from the face
and stopes immediately over the tunnel, and all
of a character that shows the existence of a
perfect fissure vein. Tunnel No. 4 is within
about 40 ft of the ledge, and No. 3 will reach it
in about 65 ft. The mill is now in full opera-
tion, and we may confidently look for the sil-
ver bricks again.
NEVADA.
Cincinnati Hill. — Foothill Tidings, April
8: We took a stroll over beyond Gold Hill one
day this week and found a really live move-
ment on one of the oldest locations in Grass
Valley district — the Cincinnati Hill claims.
Several years ago theBe claims, comprising
2,600 feet on .the lode, were largely worked
through innumerable shafts, down to where
water interfered, and a goodly amount of gold
taken out. No machinery was ever put upon
it, we believe, and a drain tunnel run in from a
long distance only took the water from a depth of
about fiity feet. Recently a company of Grass
Valley men, having secured the title from the
former owners, have made an earnest start,
under the superintendence of Mr. John Bray,
toward opening up these claims and working
them below the water level. When we were
there a large double shaft, inolining about 60
degrees, was down fifteen or twenty feet, the
boiler, engine and hoisting rig set, and by the
look of firings they would soon be nicely under
way. They expect to reach the ledge at the
point above which it has been worked out, in
five or six weeks, when affairs thereabouts will
begin to get exceedingly interesting.
^New Yobk Hill.— Everything in and about
this mine seems to be in a mot prosperous
condition. Rich roek continues to come from
the lowest depths and a p r ial clean up made
ihis wetk turned out a $6 000 bar apparently
as easy as any of the older mines of the dis-
trict.
6p made from ihiB ore, the average U $15fi. * California Consolidated Mine. — Nevada
y ton.
Jhe Emma lies about 12D0 ft south from the
jfiligbt. and is probably on the same vein
writ is ju't being commenced, and there has
ft been sufficient done yet to determine the
OJUh of this ledge, hut thus far it m> intains
ji same characteristics as the Twi iuht and
Saiise — tbe wuole vein matter is color de ore
fll free-in illi g. The owners of this mine are
Hi
I'iBHrB. Evtrlet & Moore.
ZRN.
The New Discoveries— Sovthern Calif ornian,
ril 5: Ver\ fl.i't riuuaccoun s come from <he
n discoveries nt Ej-rnville. The whole rang-
monn aius, betwet-n K^rn and Inyo counties,
1 be.ieved by our keenest prosptotors to be
i h in mineral. The first discovery was made
A. F. Bunnell, of Kemville, by accident,
Transcript, April 8: The California Consoli-
dated miuing company own the California and
the G 1 i Tunnel mines, which are located on
bo h sides of Deer oreek, ai'Out half amiWrom
town. Toe Cali'ornia is ou tbe south fide of
tbe creek, and th« Gold Tunnel on tbe north
side. Mr. J. L. Hoi 'and is th** Sup- rintend-nt,
and has held ih-j position since Augu t last,
t he ledge in the 420-ft level in the Califo ma
averages from one to two fe< t in width and is
composed of heavy snluhnret rock. The last
crushing was made a day or two since ot about
300 tonB of ruck, and yielded 832 ounces of
amalgam, which is woith eight d ■dlars an
ounce. There was about 100 ions of snip bur-
ets saved, which will yield a hundred d< liar- to
tie ton. Therefore, the crushing yit-lded about
$8,156, or over $27 to the ton. The hoisting
at both mines is done by steam power. The
mill at the Gold Tunnel is driven by water
power, and the one at the California by steam
power. There is a new incline being sunk at
the Gold Tunnel preparatory to the erection
and use of new machinery so as to allow more
extensive and systematic work. They are em-
ploying only 30 men at the present time at both
mines. There are ten stamps in each mill and
they can bo kept running steadily on rock from
the mine. As before said, tbe future prospects
of the mine are first-rate.
PLACER.
Rising Sun.— Placer Herald, April 10: The
new shaft of tbe Rising Sun mine, which is
situated near Colfax, is now down about 500
ft. The work of opeuing up the drifts is being
prosecuted with vigor. Tlie ledge varies in
size from 2 to 3 ft. About 20 men are employed
in the underground works of the mine. The
new hoisting works are, it is said, a model of
neatness, convenience and good wormanship.
TUOLUMNE.
Cinnabar. — Union Democrat, April 10: The
recent discovery in the vicinity of Marsh's
Flat has attracted considerable attention from
parties below. Mr. Dodge has returned from
San Francisco with others attracted by these
reports. If tbero is a paying lode existing,
every effort will be made to find it by experi-
enced miners and capitalists who are interested.
A claim was recorded this week in the name of
W. C. Ralston, whioh is a good sign that
nothing will be spared to develop its value
properly.
Mabks & Darbow. — Tnolamne Independent,
April It): The company are gaining depth very
fast on their new hoisting shaft; it is expected
they will reach the main vein in a short time.
Tbey are already getting small stringers of
quartz in the rock and carrying rich Bulphurets,
indicating vein matter (and consequently solid
lode not far distant). They are also refitting
their three stamp prospectiog mill, preparatory
to testing aod classifying tbe different gold and
silver bearing quartz already discovered upon
this excellent mine. The Superintendent is
indefatigable in pushing the work ahead. We
wish them all success.
Encouraging.— Tbe owners of the "New
Albany," situated east of this place, were up
from San Francisco last week on a tour of in-
spection, and went home more than pleased
with their property. They have given orders
to have a two mile ditch dug to the mine for
power for a mill, which, in all probability, will
be erected before long. The mine is sufficiently
developed to warrant this expenditure.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Califoenia. — Gold Hill News, April 8: The
north drift from cross-cut No. 2 on the 1500-ft
level connected yesterday morning with cross-
cut No 3, greatly adding to the circulation of
air in that portion of the mine, and proving
the continuous extent of the rich ore from the
pouth line to cross-cut No. 3, a distance of over
220 ft. Taking into consideration the fact that
the last 20 ft of the south cross cut run on the
south line of the Opbir is in rich ore, there is
not a doubt left but what cross-euts Nob. 4 and
5 will both find the ore vein as rich when they
reach it as it is in cross-cuts Nos. 1 and 2.
There are only 120 ft unfinished of the large
air gallery on this level being carried forward
to connect with the Ophirfor ventilating pur-
poses.
Cons. Vibginia. — Daily yield, 500 tons of
ore. The joint east cross-cut on the California
line, on the 1300-ft level, is in 200 ft, and will
have 60 or 70 ft yet to run to reach the ore vein.
Tbe joint east cross-cut on the California line,
on the 1400-ft level, has connected with the
north drift from the ore breasts, greatly assist-
ing the ventilation of that portion of the mine.
No prospecting is being done on the 1550ft
level at the present. The shipments of bullion
up-to last evening, for the past month amount-
ed to $1,701,000 with bullion enough not yet
melted to swell the yield to $1,750,000.
Belcheb. — The main incline is down 11 ft
below the 1600-ft station, the bottom still in
very hard blasting rock. There is a consider-
able seapage of water in the shaft that inter-
feres somewhat with the progress of the work.
The south winze on the 1400-ft level is down
134 ft, the bottom still in good milling ore.
The middle winze on the same level is down
115 ft, the bottom in ore that will pay for
milling. The face of the north drift from the
east cross-cot on the 400-ft level is in a fine
quali y of quartz, but has developed no val-
uable body of ore as jet.
Ophib. — There is little or no change in either
the appearance or yield of tbe ore breasts on
the 1465-ft level. Sinking the northeast winzr
below tbfl 1465-ft level is nuking t-tendy pro-
gress. The new hnis^ing works building for
tbe incline machinery is completed, and good
headway is being made with the heavy stone
fonnda<ions f <r the engine.
Andes. —Work ou the lower levels is making
steady progress, with a very favorable pros-
pect of the development of a fine b>dy of rich
ore.
Woodville. — Sinking the new shaft is pro-
gressing at the rate of t*vo ft per day. the bot-
tom stii in good working ground. The noith
d ift on the 300 ft l^vel is again being driven
ahead, following the hauping clHy wall of tbe
ledge, wbi* h is well defined mid of the regular
Coiu stock formati-m. The ore at this point is
22 ft in uid h. and of a fioe character.
Siebba Nevada. — Sinking the new shaft is
making fine headway, tbe rook in tbe bottom
blasting out finely, and no water to interfere
with the work. The large water tank at the
COO-ft station is rapidly approaohing comple-
tion. Driving the northeast drift on the 700-ft
level of the old shaft ia making good headway,
the face in ledge matter of a favorable charac-
ter.
Chollar-Potohi.— The south drifts on both
the 1150 and 1250- ft levels are still being driven
vigorously ahead, the face of both in porphyry
mixed with ledge material.
Ovkbman. — The men have been taken from
the drifts at the bottom of the winze on the
1100-ft level and put to work to enlarge the
pump stations in the shaft preparatory to put-
ting in the new and powerful pumps.
Golden Fleece (Peavtne).— During this
week 60 ft was added to the south drift, all
through good ledge matter. The shaft being
raised from the incline to the surface for hoist-
ing purposes will be completed in about 14
days, when the engine and pump will be pat in
their places. Present assays average $140 per
ton.
Utah. — The flow of water from the north
drift on the 400-ft level continues so strong
that all work on that level has been suspended
for tbe present, and the tanks are kept as busy
as possible hoisting the water to the surface.
Leo.— The ledge matter in the face of the
main tunnel is steadily improving in character.
The northeast drift shows the ledge to be very
large at that point, and the formation is of the
most promising nature.
Hale & Noborobs. — The north drift on the
2100-ft level has reached the Savage line, and
will connect in a very short time with the Sav-
age works, which will give a much needed ven-
tilation on that level. Daily yield, 60 tons of
ore from the old upper workings.
Best and Belcheb. — The south drift from
the bottom of the winze on the 1700-ft level is
still driven vigorously ahead, without change
of interest to report, if We except the rapid
headway that is being made sinoe the intro-
duction of a Burleigh drill— the drift having
been advanced 21 ft during the week, where
only 5 ft could be made in the same length of
time by- hand work.
Gould & Cubby.— The shaft is enlarged to
four compartments, and is now in fine working
order down to the 1500-ft station. The water
has risen in the shaft to a considerable distance
above the 1700-ft level, so that all work on
that level is stopped for the present.
Caledonia. — Sinking the new shaft is making
splendid progress, the rock in the bottom blast-
ing out finely.
Savage.— Enlarging the drift on the 2200-ft
level is making fine headway. The work of
putting in a large water tank and pump station
at the 2200-ft level is being pushed with all the
vigor possible.
Julia. — The face of the south drift, on the
1000-ft level, is still in soft porphyry, mixed
with quartz of a very enouraging character.
Senator. — The body of quartz cut into last
week proved only a hunch, yet the face of the
drift continues in line looking vein matter.
Lady Bryan. — Owing to the breakage of a
spur wheel of the pumping maohinery and a
stoppage of the pumps, the lower level of the
mine is completely flooded, the water having
stopped all work below the 250ft level.
Justice. — Water increases as the main in-
cline attains depth below the 800-ft level. The
face of the main drift south at the 800-ft level,
from the incline, is in hard porphyry, very
wet.
Cbown Point. — Daily yield 500 tons of ore.
There is no change in any of the upper ore
producing levels of the mine. Opening the
1700-ft station is nearly completed.. Every-
thing in and about the mine is working finely.
Imperial-Empire. — The face of the south
drift on the 2000-ft level is still in clay and por-
phyry. The face of the east cross-cut from
this drift is in porphyry.
Baltimore. — The shaft is being thoroughly
repaired and placed in the best possible work-
ing condition.
Phil. Sheridan. — The reddish brown string-
ers of quartz so plentifully met with of late,
and which give suoh good assay, increase in
frequency as well as in size.
Buckeye. — The water has been drained at
the 550-ft station, and a drift started east to
determine the full width of the vein, as the
entire station is in ledge matter.
Bullion. — The body of quartz in the south
drift on the 800-ft level continues to enlarge as
the work of development progresses.
Yellow Jacket.— The 1740-ft level is being
gradually cooled off by the connection with the
Imperial mine, so that much better progress
can be nude with the prospecting operations
in the future.
Niagara. — The ledge eontinnes to show im-
provement as the shaft gains greater d-pth.
Ihe ore is of a fine grade and gives great en-
con ragement.
North Consolidated Virginia. — The nrw
shafc is down over 100 feet, wiih the bottom in
fioe looking ledge matter, which gives good as-
says.
Kossuth. — The ore io the face of the Booth
drift on the line of the ledge on the 350-ft level
w -bowing considerable improvement as the
drift arivinces.
Occidental. — Cross-cutling the ore vein to
tbe westward has b;jen commenced.
Original Gold Hill— The upraise above
tbe crosscut from the main south drift is all
the way io good ore. R^tiwbeing the main
drift in placts is the principal thing being done
at present.
Nevada. — The east oross-out at the lower
level gives an excellent showing of low grade
ore, but no pay ore as yet.
254
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April* 17, t875
Continued from Page 250.
throughout the States where it abounds. Ore-
gon is here tbe source of Bupply.
A few species of the order furnish essential
oils or essences. The only one that we need
notice, is what is called the wintergreen. Its
oil or essence is derived from the little plant,
Gaultheria procumbrus, called wintergreen. It
is usually a little plant three to four inches
high, bearing bright, red berries. They gather
the plant and distill the leaves, distilling over
the volatile oil used in medicine, flavoring can-
dies and flavoring drinks. It is said to be
stimulating, and so is more or less valuable.
The great importance of the order lies in its
furnishing a large number of very beautiful or-
'namental plants, and wherever you find an
Ericaceous ornament, you may be very sure of
having always something quite pretty. The
forms are always quite pretty. Take up a
flowqr and examine it; it has all the perfection
of a symmetrical form, instead pf having a
looseness as though it bad not been quite fin-
ished. Indeed, I should say that among these
plants are the most perfect forms -we have.
The next one is the genus Erica, found in
the region of the cape of Good Hope. There
are 300 species; perhaps 250 of them have been
grown. I noticed in Woodward's Gardens
quite a number of them. One Species of Erica
is the heath I spoke of a while ago. Rhodo-
dendrons grow usually to sis feet .in hight,
with large snowy flowers. Azaleas, which may
be seen in almost any greenhouse, have large,
spreading flowers of all colors. I would cau-
tion you again against making free use of these
plants, only as you know what they are. In
fact, it is known that honey made from some
of these, the Rhododendron, for instance,
Is Poisonous.
It would be injudicious to have very many of
them growing near where bees are kept. The
plant that covers the heaths of Scotland be-
longs to this family and originally belonged to
this genus, Erica, But you understand that
whenever we get a genus which has a great
many species, there is a great temptation for
the botanist to divide it up. There are
now about 400 species of the genus Erica,
so the botanists are splitting it to' pieces.
I think the true heath has been taken out of
that. The only true Erica we have in the
United States grows in two or three restricted
districts in Massachusetts.
The Composite or Sunflower Family.
Compositce, containing fully 10,000 species.
It is what is called a very * 'natural'1 order; that
is, any one seeing the -plants would class them
together, even -without a knowledge of botany.
They aTe found in all countries and in all
climateB, having perhaps as wide a distribution
as any order. Now, in all this vast assem-
blage, it is remarkable, that there are hardly
any trees. A considerable number are shrubby;
but the great majority are herbaceous and very
many of them are only annuals. A bitter,
astringent principle runs through a large part
of the order, but this very rarely becomes
poisonous. There are a very few poisonous
plants, but as a general thing you may chew of
them or eat of them with safety. Though in-
cluding bo many species, comparatively few are
of economic Value. Perhaps, taking the num-
ber of species, this is the most valueless order
we have. Under the food plants we have what
is caUed the Jerusalem Artichoke, Helianihus
tuberosus, a very near relative of the common
Sunflower. This produces tubers resembling
the potato, having very nearly the same general
properties, and they are used in some places,
because they are very readily grown. It is a
perfectly hardy plant throughout the whole
United States, so that the people need not re-
plant it. If afield is once planted with arti-
chokes, all that is needed is to cultivate it.
I think it would be well to
Grow it Where Swine are Kept.
It would be very valuable grown in this way;
when the hogs are feeding on corn, and need a
change of food, the grower could turn them in
and let them get these tubers. The culture of
the potato, however, has mostly driven out
the Jerusalem artichoke. By the way, "Jerusa-
lem" does not mean it came from Jerusalem. It
is an American — Brazilian — plant, and was ta-
ken to Spain. In Europe it was called girasole;
as it passed over into the English language,
the common people got hold of it and changed
it to Jerusalem.
True Artichoke, Cynara Scolymus, is a native
of Southern Europe. In this case, instead of
eating any tubers, we eat small, undeveloped
flower scales, grown somewhat here and brought
into the markets, Jerusalem artichoke looks
like wild sunflower, has every appearance of
it. In fact, it is found more or less running
wild all over the eastern part of the United
States.
Salsify, or, as it is sometimes termed, vege-
tible oyster, Trago pogon porrifoiium, is a na-
tive of Europe, gr* wn for its roots, which are
about as ih ckas this chalk pencil, growing six,
to eight or ten inches in length. They ate cut
in tach fall, and are used s0mewh.1t as ingre-
, dieut's in soup. It is worth growing, I think,
in every place.
Letiuee, Lactuca saiiva, is probably a native
of Central Asia. It has been grown so long
that it is now grown in every place. Endive,
belonging to the East Indies, called botanically
Cichoriuvi endivia, is also another pUnt quite
considerably grown fur salad. Chicory, Cicho
rium zn'ybus, a native of Europe, is grown
throughout almost all portions of the United
States for its roots. These are powdered,
dried, and mixed with coffee. It is supposed
to give it a little bttter taste. I think, how-
ever, for most people, the testimony is it does
not improve it very much. Dandelion rcots
and wormwood are valuable medicines, used
largely, and arnica, used as a tincture, is found
very valuable in serious wounds. These three,
dandelion, wormwood and arnica, are almost
all of the ordinary herbs in goed repute men
tioned in the dispensatory, while chamomile,
feverfew, elecampane, southern-wood, and
many others are what might be called domestic
remedies. In the dispensatories you will find
that they are not-admitted as first-class medi-
cines.
On the plains and in the Rocky mountain re-
gion several species of Artemisia furnish a large
portion of the fuel. This artemisia sometimes
grows up some three feet high or so, mostly
smaller, and they call it sagebrush. It is not
the sage, by any means, but it is very closely
related to wormwood, having nearly the same
properties.
There are other forms, all used more or less,
however, for fuel. [A Btudent asks "What
particular variety of artemiBiaisit that furnish-
es food for animals?"] That certainly cannot be
a true sage. Is it bitter? [Student. — "It is
bitter until the frost."] It is probably just one
of these common species, one of tbese white
ones. One bind is very white occasionally;
sometimes more or less green. It grows east as
far as the Missouri river, and, I suppose, west-
ward as far as the Sierra Nevada.
Among the ornamental plants, and there are
many -of them, are crysanthemums, dahlias,
sunflowers, zinnias, marigolds, and a great
many others. Now, this order is peculiarly
adapted to improvement. You take any one of
the wild composites, and it iB a very easy mat-
ter to change its form so as to double it, so as
to make a quite ocnamental plant of it, so that
the flower will be quite attractive. The effect of
cultivation may be seen in these asters,
daises and chrysanthemums. Wild dock is
one; cultivation will double it. Now, this
doubling is only changing the little double
flowers of the great composite whole into the
Fig, L
Ox Eye Daisy, or Whiteweed.
long, ligulate, or strap-shaped ones. Examine
the next dahlia you see; you will find that the
only change is as stated. There is no change,
really, in the structure. Instead of the little
floweret having that general form, it is split
down on one side, considerably elongated, and
has taken on a form like that. It is simply a
very slight change in the corolla that brings
about the result.
The whole order seems to have a very great
tendency to become weedy. There is hardly a
plant in the whole order but that has a tenden-
cy to become weedy, if it has a Ghance; so
that out of the 150 species which may probably
be found in California, undoubtedly one hun-
dred may be found as weeds.
The Worst Weeds are Imported.
Thistle, cocklebur, rag-weed, bitter-wood,
ox-eye daisy, may weed, beggar-tick, and
dandelion are the most important of the weedy
growths belonging to this order. Ox-eye
daisy, or white-weed, [Fig. 1,] grows East. I
don't know whether it is found here or not It
has white flowers about an inch and a half
across. [A student thinks it has been seen
here]. It has a thin stalk, and grows always
in very little bunches. I suppose the seed falls
on the ground near it, so the plant will multi-
ply both by its underground stems and by i's
setds. It sends out little underground stems,
so that a Fmall plant is very soon a big one,
and is quite troublesome to deal with.
One plant in tbe order is very peculiar".
Grqwieg all through the prairie regions of
Iowa and Illinois we find wnat is called the
compass-plant. It is in general appearance
like the sunflower. It Bends up from the
ground a number cf great radical leaves, and
after awhile it sends up its flower-stem. Now,
these leaves have the property of standing in
the meridian. Why it is, or how it is, there
doi s not anybody know.
The general shape of the leaf is very greatly
labiated, rtmiuding you of an enormous calyx.
Now, that leaf stands alm> st always in that
direction, so that one edge of it is to tbe noith
and the other to the south. You go to any of
these plants— I have done so hundreds and
undreds of times — and you will find all the
leaves, except some two or three, apparently
twisted around, though growing on every side.
They twist around to the meridian. This
peculiarity of the plant is made use of by the
inhabitants quite frequently to find their direc-
tion. If you 6tand north or south of the
plant and look towards.it, you will see only the
edges of the leaves; while viewing it from the
west or east side, you will tee those great,
broad leaves standing out. Several years ago
Dr. Gray attempted to explain it. It was sug-
gested that a careful examination would proba-
bly reveal the fact that there were nearly the
same number of stomates to be found on each
side. Examination was made— tne stomates
were about equal. But the difficulty is, while
that might account for the leaf trying to deal
justly with its two sides, it will not account for
this fact, which is very well established; that
there are a great many other plants closely
allied, the leaves of which do not turn in this
way. So that, after all, Dr. Gray's suggestion
did not account for the whole thing. You can
not tell by these leaves any more about which
way is no?lh and which south than you can
with your compass, if both ends of the needle
are Bhaped alike. Of course you cannot tell
which is which. I have seen this, where for
some reason the leaf apparently wished to twist
around where it had twisted
More than Once Around,
Or over 360 degrees.
It is quite common for them to twist 160 to
180 degrees. All that grow in a certain posi-
tion must twist around that far, at any rate
ninety degrees.
The next is the Madder family, Mubiace,ce
herbs, shrubs and trees, numbering nearly 3,000
species, mostly confined to tbe hotter portions
of the globe. There are no timber trees which
are of special value. There are some of local
value. The order derives its importance from
the fact that it furnishes
Coffee, Quinine, Ipecacuanha and Madder,
Four of the most important vegetable products.
The coffee tree is called Coffea Arabica. It was
called Arabica because supposed at that time
to be a native of Arabia. It is now found
native in Abyssinia. It is a much branched
tree, growing to the hight of twenty feet. The
Fig. II
Leaves, Flowers and Fruit of Coffee Tree.
flower has a fragrance a good deal like the
orange and the tree yields red berries as big as
an ordinary cherry. Each berry has inside of
it two seeds, which are the coffee seeds. (See
Fig. 2.) These seeds always lie with their
sides or faces approximating.
Examine a grain of coffee; out it down care-
fully and you will find a little embryo, a very
minute one, indeed. It will be necessary, per-
haps, to boil the kernel before you can do this
conveniently. It is of comparatively recent
use, Borne accounts placing its introducticn
into Arabia somewhere in the fifteenth century;
so it was about the time tobacco, potatoes
and Indian corn were brought into notice.
About 1560 it was first brought to London,
long after they had been chewing tobacco. It
was quite a good while before it came into
general use. Now it is cultivated in the West
Indies and considerably in South America, also
in the East Indies. All these differences in
locality have brought about differences in the
coffee; but it is that we get from Arabia which
is the best, occasionally to be found in the
markets under the name of Mocha coffee. So,
if you want to get the finest, highest priced,
best tasting, buy Mochji. Java stands next,
produced in the East Indies, largely upon the
island of Java and usually it is next in price
also.
The Rio coffee comes from the "West Indies,
South America, and a little of it corner £10111
the extreme southern part of Hindostan.
Down in that part of A*»ia ihey grow it, and
it is found to be the same quality and same
grade as the Eio, so it is classed with it. It is
the greenest and poorest. Now, it is found
that if tbe very poorest coffeo is kept for a
long time in close bpxes or chetts, it is
improved. If ordinary Bio is
Kept Ten to Fifteen Years,
It is found that in that lime it will be fully
equal to the best Mocha. The diffeience seems
to be partly due to climate and largely due to
the way in which it is preserved or prepared;
the two go together somewhat. The West
Indies and South America are not favorable to
the long ripening which it should undergo. In
Java the climate is such that it ripens more
slowly, while in Arabia the ripening iB slower
still. This is something parallel exactly with
the ripening of the grape. In both cases we
find the same thing — long ripening favors a
higher development.
The second important plant is the Cinchona,
There are several of the trees growing in the
mountainous regions of Peru, Bolivia and New
Grenada, and generally throughout the west-
ern part of South America. They all belong
to this genus Cinchona. Of species belonging
to this genus are C. officinalis, C. calisaya, C.
micrantlia and others. From a number of these
species is obtained all the Peruvian bark and
Jesuit's bark. From this Peruvian bark we
get, by manufacture, the quinine, which is
really, I think, a ohemical; I think it is a sul-
phate of the alkaloid or alkaline principle. It
is used very largely now all over the world.
This Cinchona was first made known under tbe
name of Peruvian bark about 1640. Some of
the Jesuits happened to be traveling in South
Ameiica and made the discovery that it was
valuable for fevers. They introduced it into
Europe, and there is now a great demand for
it. For a time there was a great danger that it
would become extinct, so the English Govern-
ment took steps to make plantations of it.
There are now fine plantations in the islands
of the West Indies, also in the East Indies.
Ipecacuanha, a very strong and safe emetic,
is derived from Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, a small
plant growing in Brazil. The root of this is
taken, powdered and manufactured. It is per-
haps one of the most generally used of all the
emetics that are in general practice.
Madder is derived from Rubia tinctoria,
which is a perennial, herbaceous inits growth,
a native of the Mediterranean region. It is*
grown for its roots. The roots bear tubers
which resemble those of the dahlia, but not
quite as large, by any means.
They have a remarkably great amount of
coloring matter in them. The roots are pow-
dered and the coloring matter extracted. It is
cheap, quite durable and very largely used in
the red colors of calico and other cheap fabrics.
It is grown largely in the United States
throughout Southern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
and the adjacent regions, considerably also in
Kentucky. If not already introduced into this
State, it can be added as one of the indus-
tries.
The Parsley family, Umbellifercz. It might
be called the humble family, because of the
humble-looking inflorescence. It is qaite ex-
tensive, including fifteen to sixteen hundred
species, mostly herbaceous, although in the
south temperate zone a few shrubby ones are.
found, and in one or two cases tree-like forms
are known.
The order is mostly found in the north tem-
perate zone. There are three distinct princi-
ples or properties to be found in the order,
sometimes in the same plant. First, an acrid,
poisonous principle which is usually very
abundant in the stems and leaves, so that these
parts of the plant are generally to be avoided;
an aromatic, wholesome principle is found in
the roots, or seeds as we call them. You will
understand that it has a form of fruiting,
doublets, usually known as seeds; they are.
really two fruits. The third principle is a
milky, resinous one. This is found usually in
the roots, although it is found occasionally in
the stem and other parts of the plant. A few
of the plants are somewhat important. First,
the parsnip, Pasiinica saliva, a native of-
Europe. In this case we eat the roots. If the
plants have been well grown, grown rapidly,
have not been made poisonous by too much
sunlight, too much heat, they are quite pal-
atable. The Carrot, Daucus carota,, also of
Europe, is used for the same purpose.
Both of these, if allowed to run wild,
Deteriorate and Become Poisonous.
Cultivation takes out the poisonons principle,
and one may grow very good parsnips which
will have no poison in them.
Celery, Apium gvaveolens, is a native of Eu-
rope, very well known. In this case, as is very
well known, we eat the stems. Take the green
stems and they are poisonous, but when this
poisonous matter has been driven out by keep-
ing the stems away from the sunlight for some
time, they are quite wholesome. They grow
it first, allowing it to be a foot high, and then
throw earth, sometimes straw, sometimes boards
around it — usually boards — so that the stem is
kept away from the light. Whenever perfectly
white, they are wholesome. Whenever acrid,
and I find some such are in the market here,
you should throw them away; don't eat them.
Parsley, termed Apium pelroselinum, is a na-
tive pf Southern Europe, and is grown as ft
pot-herb. Some mix it op with their food.
Now, in connection with all these, parsley,
parsnip, carrot and celery, joumust remem-
ber you are.
Dealing with Poironous Plants.
Among the aromatic p'ants we find caraway
coiander, dill, cum n, anise, ftnnei, etc. Of
tour.-e ihey are harmless.
We get a f«-w gums, first psafcetida,. from the
Northex asaf&tida, a lall plant, native of South-
ern and Western Asia, ai.d is grown there.
■ ■:
•_'
S
I
IB
:
The main north drift on the 1740-foot level
of tLe Y-llow Jacket mine has madn a connec-
tion with the south drift from the Imperial on
the same level, thus s curing a firje ci'caLiiion
of good air, and ( reatly aidiug the development
of that portion of the miue.
A new working .shaft is to be sunk in the
South Europa mine, on the Comstook,
April 17, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
255
UsEfUL lflr°tlP4TION"
Coloring Process for Gems.
There is a factory in Idar, Germany, nhtre
the coloring of atones for art purposes is said
to be curried on to a greater extent and more
perfectly than in any other part of the world,
the process pursued in thus converting chal-
cedonies and red aud yellow carnelian into
onyxes resulting in the production of admira-
ble upeeimen*, which are known and prized in
ill the markets of Europe uod America. The
peculiarity of this process consists in the fact
that the ribbotjs or zones in the different vari-
eties of chalcodony — which, in the kidney*
f..rni<.i masses of that aubstauce, lie su-
f*rimposed — differ in their texture and
;ompnctnu-s ; but owing to their simi-
larity of color in the natural state, they
only be distinguished from ouch other
a-ith difficulty. The stone is, however, capa-
of absorbing fluids in the direction of the
itrata; and as the airata possess this property
n different degrees, it necessarily follows that
fa colored fluid be abaoibed, and the quantity
1 up by the pores of the stone is different
or every stratum of zone, a number of tints
rill be produced corresponding to the number
>f zones, each being distinct and colored in
)roportion to the quantity of the fluid ab-
orted. In this way a specimen of stone nat-
irally but slightly colored may be rendered
►qua! to fine stratified chalcedony or onyx, and
nay be employed equally well in the eneraving
if cameos, or for any other purpose where the
ariety of color can be rendered available.
The Pottery. Tbke. — Among the many veg-
table products of Brazil, the pottery tree of
'ara, is not the least worthy of note. This
ree. the Moquilea utti'm of botanists, attains a
light of one hundred feet up to tbejowest
ranches. The Btem is very slender, seldom
luch exceeding one foot in diameter at the
age. The wood is very hard, and contains a
krge amount of silica; not so much, however,
8 the bark, which is largely employed as a
onroe of silica in the manufacture of pottery.
preparing the bark for the potter's use, it is
rat burned, and the residue is then pulverized
nd mixed with clay in varying proportions.
Pith an equal quantity of the two ingredients,
superior quality of ware is produced. It is
ery durable, and will bear almost any amount
f heat. The natives employ it for all manner
culinary purposes. When fresh the bark
tits like soft sandstone, and the presence of
ie silex may be readily ascertained by grind-
ig a piece of the bark between the teeth.
Phen dry it ia generally brittle, though some-
mes hard to break. After being burned, if of
ood quality, it cannot be broken up between
ie fingers, a pestle and mortar being required
) crush it. — Am. Artizan.
Coating Seams in Wrought Iron Tanks. —
ome one asks the Scientific American if there
any preparation for coating the seams of
irge wrought iron tanks so as to prevent the
akage of alcohol? The tanks are for storing
; they are perfectly water tight, but the spirit,
eing of a much less specific gravity than
ater, oozes out. To this query that journal
jplies as follows: Try cotton cloth soaked in
Sue, and cold rivet with this between the
Qates. Let us know if this succeeds, and also
be results of other experiments tried by you,
pad we may be better able to inform you of a
■ode of procedure.
; Interesting and Important Calculatton. —
t is estimated that of the 12,000,000 women in
fmerica, at least 11,000,000 wear calico dresses.
k is not an unreasonable supposition that the
pirit of economy has, during the past year,
Educed them to forego one dress apiece, or an
perage of eleven yards each, making, in all, a
j>88 to the trade of 121,000,000 yards. This
\ nearly the entire product of all the Massa-
chusetts mills for a year. From the above it
ill be seen how easy, from a slight induce-
ment or necessity for economy, an ovevbur-
ened market may be produced in the article of
ptton goods.
I Oxygen and Eggs. — In dry oxygen gas eggs
:e not affected, unless punctured. Moist ox-
I ben decomposes the eggs. In moist nitrogen
kga will keep three months. Hydrogen the
fime. Eggs, whether pierced or whole, are
(erfectly preserved in carbonic acid, dry or
101st. Illuminating gas the same. Ia chlo-
jne water 1 to 500 eggs kept eight months in a
osed vessel. Io a solution of dilute chl >ride
jf lime, eggs would not keep ten days. Lime
';ater and sulpbite of lime kept them a little
Wer. Caibolic acid solution 1 to 500 pre
erved them about six weeks.
Beet Cider.— M. Plouard, a lawyer of An-
delys, France, has devised a new cider, said to
be very cheap and of excellent flavor— the pe-
culiarity of which is that a large proportion of
sugar beets is mixed with the apples before
pressing; 80 pounds of beets are mixed with
(00 quarts of apples, or about 11 pounds to 100
quarts. The beets and apples are pressed to-
gether, then saturated with w»t**r,left quiet in a
cellar for twenty-four hours, aud pressed anew.
This is repeated seven times. The inventor
says he makee 100 quarts of cider for 80 cents,
whioh seems rather questionable.
New Use fob Gas-Tar.— A gentleman in
Bnrlington. Vt., of an investigating turn of
mind, a week or two ago determined to try it
aeain with the rats which infested his house.
He purchased a supply of coal tar at the gas
works, and placed small quantities of it in the
rat holes in bis cellar, and elsewhere in their
runways. The rats, bedaubing themselves, be-
came disgust*. d with the manner of their en-
tertainment, and speedily left the premises,
and have not been seen or heard from since.-—
Sci. American.
Sleeping Cars. — Sleeping cars have ceased
to be a luxury and have become one of the ne-
cessities of modern travel. It is said that the
Palace Car company own 800 cars, which are
operated on 32,000 miles of road. The aver-
age cost of these cars is $17,500. In Pennsyl-
vania they run their cars on 22 lines of road,
and 17 in Ohio. Their net profits in these two
States is said to amount to 14% per cent, on
the capital employed, from which 5 per cent,
must be deducted for wear and tear, leaving
9% per cent, net profits.
New Applications op Electro-Metallur-
gy.— A very ingenious application of electro-
metallurgy has recently been brought before
the notice of the Society of Arts. It consists
in the application of a coat of silver, by means
of electro-deposition, on natural leaves and
flowers. By this means very delicate orna-
ments are produced, since the precise form and
texture of the natural leaf is preserved under
the thin silver film. The special process by
which these results are attained is the invention
of Mr. Denton.
America Before the Days of Columbus. —
The supposition that America was known to
the northern nations of Europe many centuries
before Columbus was born is now very genei-
ally credited. The evidences in favor of that
supposition are constantly accumulating. So
much interest is felt in the matter by European
scientists that an "International Congress" is
to convene at Nancy, France, on the 19th of
July next, of persons interested in investigating
this interesting and important subject.
Combinations of Colors. — As an illustration
of the limitless number of combinations which
the three primary colors are capable of, it may
be interesting to know that in the Gobelin
tapestry manufacture 28,000 distinct shadings
of yarn are employed, each one distinguishable
by the practiced eye.
Qood HE1LTH°
To Produce Perspiration.
Editors Press: — One of your subscribers
takes an interest in recommending the follow-
ing recipe for family use. She has used it for
years, and has never known any but good and
satisfactory results, and through her some M.
D.'s have confirmed her tastimony by contin-
ued use of same where a sweating effect was
desired:
Take gum camphor, saffron, ipecac and Vir-
ginia snake root, each one ounce; opium, half-
ounce (pulverized) ; add one quart good fourth
proof brandy, digest or soak two weeks, then
filter or strain.
Dose. — For adults a teaspoonful every one
or two hours, in a little warm herb tea to pro-
duce sweating. Useful in fevers, inflamma-
tions, colds, and wherever free perspiration is
desired. When used for children, the amount
and frequency of the dose should be modified
according to age and circumstances.
A Mother.
Kio Vista, March, 1875.
What the Health Lift Does for Exhausted
Nature.
This era is one of eon densation— from con-
densed thought to condensed milk— and the
question here was bow to condense exercise.
Itatber is it a gradual, easy, complete waking
up of every torpid molecule in brain, liver,
blood and nail, the sending through and pos-
sessing the entire mau with a new sense, and
re-creating him then and there, so that he re-
turns from his few minutes at the lift a ipw
creation. It doean't seem to take the place of
ext-rcise exactly, but rather to make all exer-
cise tell. It U the complement of the exhiltr-
aut to it. Never shall I forget the sensations
of my first lift and my introduction to parts of
myself unknown or forgotten. It seemed to be
forever to tho end of me — as if life was going
out from its center to an infinite circumference,
as if the eye were gone beyond fingers' ends,
and would soar into, fill all space. Then a
glow all over the body that was as luscious and
cheery as any that have been told of by the
Turkish bath enthusiasts, and then— I am
afraid it may betray me — an exhilaration purer
aud more subtle and enduring than that of the
beat ohampagne. That was a red letter day,
aud though I have never felt quite that first,
tull joy again, my exDerience has been a record
of m.iny joys; joys that come of soothing and
strengthening to a fagged brain, and a weary
body and a pestered soul. I take my lilt be-
fore my late dinner, when the day's work is
done. I carry to it whatever weariness the day
has made — of body, of brain, of heart — <.nd I
go away another than the man I came. Head-
ache, limb ache, heart-aohe are gone, or toned
down to ea-y bearing, and anew counteractant
vigor set at work in all the pulses. It seems to
get behind the heart, and bolster that first seat
of power and action. It is the best of rest. —
Rev. John F. Ware.
I Useful Hint — A kind of tracing paper,
fhich is transparent only temporarily, is made
w dissolving cantor oil in abso ute alcohol and
bplyiDg the liquid to the paper with a sponge.
;he alcohol speedily evapora'es, leaving the
;aper dry. After the tracing is made, the pa-
er is immersed in absolute alcohol which re-
uoveB the oil, ' restoring the sheet to its original
pa-i'y.
Wooden Skewers. — The only manufactory
f wooden skewers in the world, it ia supposed,
idht-i at Toledo, Ohio, whence millions of
ltm art- shipped to England. They are made
y machinery from hickory blocks. Between
ghty and ninety thousand are turned out
?ery day.
How to Breathe. — Civilized man U the only
being that breathes through the mouth, which
at once s-hows that it is an unnatural and ac-
quired habit. The wild Indian would as soon
think of eating with the nose as of breathing
thus. The habit is nsually acquired in child-
hood, and is generally the result of breathing
impure air. It is then that the fond mother
shonld guard her offspring with watchful care
against this iijs dious and deadly enemy of her
child- Let her follow the example of the wild
Indian mother, and give her child the pure
air of heaven to breathe, and if perchance it
opens its little mouth during sleep, let her
gently press its hi tie lips together, uniil the
habit of keeping them closed becomes fixed for
life. — Science of Health.
If a wound made bv a rusty nail be held for
twenty minutes over smoke from burning
wool or woolen-cloth, the rain will be relieved
and the worst case of inflammation allayed,
This is simple and worthy of a trial, in these
very frequent cases, which ofcen result so
fatally.
Interesting Facts.
The organ of vision is considered themost del-
icate organization of the human frame; yet
maDy who were born blind have been enabled
to see by surgical operations, and the following
is an interesting fact concerning one of that
class: A youth had become thirteen years of
age, when his eyes were touched by a surgeon.
He thought scarlet the most beautiful color;
black was painful. He fancied every object
toucned him, and he could not distinguish by
sight what he perfectly well knew by feeling;
for instance, the cat and dog. When his sec-
ond eye was touched, he remarked that the ob-
ject3 were not so large in appearance to this as
the one opened at first. Pictures he considered
only partly colored surfaces, and a minature
absolutely astonished him, seeming to him like
putting a bushel into a pint.
Stanly, the organist, and many blind musi-
cians, have been the best performers of their
time; and a schoolmistress in England could
discover that the boys were playing in a dis-
tant corner of the room, instead of studying,
although a person using his eyes could not de-
tect the slightest sound. Professor Sanderson,
who was blind, oould, in a few moments, tell
you how many persons were in a mixed com-
pany, and of each sex. A blind French lady
couid dance in figure dances, sew and thread
her own needle. A blind man in Derbyshire,
England, has actually been a surveyor and
planner of roads, his ear guiding him as to dis-
tance as accurately as the eye to others; and
the late Justice Fielding, who was blind, on
walking into a room for the first time, after
speaking a few words, said: "This room is
twenty-two feet long, eighteen wide and twelve
high," all of which was revealed to him
with accuracy through the medium of his ear.
Verily, "we are fearfully and wonderfully
made."
Domestic Ecoftopty.
The Virtues of Buttermilk. — Mr. Bebber,
in a paper presented to the French Academy,
thus extols the virtues of buttermilk: Life
exists only in combustion, but the combustion
which occurs in our bodies, like that which
takes place in our chimneyF, leaves a detritus
which is fatal to life. To remove this he would
administer lactic acid with ordinary food. This
acid is known to possess the power of removing
or destroying the incrustatiens which form on
the arteries, cartilages and valves of the
heart. As buttermilk abounds ia this acid,
and is, moreover, an agreeable kind of food,
its habitual use, it is urged, will free the system
from these causes, which inevitably cause
death between the seventy-fifth and hundredth
year.
Ready Means for . the Production of
Ozone. — Ozone may be easily and abundantly
geneiated in an apartment, by means of an
aqueous solution of permanganate of potash
and oxalic acid. A very small quantity of
these salts, placed in an open porcelain dish,
is all that is nectssaiy, the water being re-
Dewed occasionally as it evaporates. Metallic
vessels should not be used. Ozone, as m >Hi of
our readers are aware, is remarkably condu-
cive to health.
Cooking Cranberries.
Cranberry sauce is the great American dtBb,
and the most popular one for general use, either
tor dinner or tea. As a relish with game,
poultry and meats of all kinds, it is unequaled.
To every pound of fruit add three-quarters of a
pound of sugar and half a pint of water. Stow
over a moderate but steady fire. Be careful to
cover and not to stir the fruit, but occasionally
shake the vessel, or remove to a gentler heat,
if in danger of sticking or burning. If atten-
tion to these particulars be given, the berries
will retain, to a considerable extent, their
shape, which is desirable and adds greatly to
their appearance on the table. Boil from five
to seven minutes, when they should be re-
moved from the fire, turned into a deep dish,
and set aside to oool. If to keep, they can be
put up at once in air-tight jars. Very soft
berries should first be removed and those re-
maining thoroughly washed, after which they
should be placed in scalding water for about
two minutes and then taken out; this removes
a portion of the acidity, and a little less sugar
will be required.
White sugar (granulated is best) should be
used, and not too much water; the proportions
given of each, it is thought, will Buit the ma-
jority of tastes, but when otherwise, the quan-
tities can be made larger or smaller, though in
«<ing sugar too freely, the distinctive craitr
berry flavor will be partially lost; some may
preter one pound of sugar where the amount
specified is three-quarters, but probably others
will be better pleased with less, perhaps with
half a pound — especially dinner sauce — which
makes the preparation very palatable, and has
the advantage of economy; but when desired
to keep a long time without canning or sealing,
a larger quantity should be used. On account
of the acidity of the fruit it is preferable,
though not positively necessary, to use porce-
lain-lined cooking utensils.
Dark Houses. — A d wk house is alwayB an
unhealthy house, always an ill-aired house,
always a dirty house.' "Want of light stops
growth, and promotes scrofula, rickets, etc.,
among the children. People lose their health
in a dark house; and if they become ill they
cannot get well in it
Value of a Milk Diet. — If any one wishes
to grow fleshy, a pint of milk before retiring
at night will soon cover the scrawniest bones.
Although now-a-days we see a great many
fleshy females there are many lean and .auk
ones, who sigh for the fashionable measure of
plumpness, and who would be vastly improved
in health and in appearance could their figures
be rounded with good solid flesh. Nothing is
more coveted by thin women than a full figure,
and nothing will so rouse the ire, and provoke
the scandal of one of those "clipper builds,"
as the consciousness of plumpness in a rival.
In cases of fever and summer complaint, milk
is given with excellent result. The idea that
milk is feverish has exploded, and it ia the
physician's great reliance in bringing through
typhoid patients, or those in too low a state to
be nourished by food. It is a mistake to scrimp
the milk pitcher. Take more milk and less
meat. Look to your milk-man, have large-
sized, well-filled milk pitchers on the table
each meal, and you will also have sound flesh
and light doctor's bills.
Useful Hints from One Who Knows. — Beef
can be preserved for farmers' use by cutting it
up, frying slightly, packing in a crock and cov-
ering with warm tallow. Beef tallow should be
used for this, and kept perfeotly clean and tried
out nicely.
We pack hams in the same way in the
spring, but consider them best without fry-
ing. They should be tightly packed and care
taken that the warm lard fills up all the vacant
places left by the meat.
Some housekeepers think that tallow is not
fit for cooking purposes; but I think when it is
properly rendered it is as good for some things
as lard. I prefer it for frying doughnuts, and
one of my acquaintances, a good cook, says it
the only shortening fit for mince-pie cruBt.
A Pan Dowdy. — Did you ever hear of a pan
dowdy? It is an old-fashioned New England
dish and has the flavor or our grandmother's
cookery. Make a rich crust; line a deep earth-
ern pot with it; now slice some pie apples quite
thin for the first layer, strew the apples with
molasses and ppice aud a teaspoonful of milk;
cover with a thin crust and repeat the process.
Cover the top with crust and your pan dowdy
is made. Bake in a slow oven. A brick one is
made use of in New England generally. When
done turn it on a platter and serve hot.
An Excellent Bread Pudding.— Soak two
pounds of pieces of dry stale bread or toast all
night in plenty of water, with a plate laid on
the top to keep them under the water. Next
morning pour off and squeeze out all the su-
perfluous water; then ma*h fine the pieces of
bread, mix with half a pound of cleaned cur-
rants, a quarter of a pound of moist sugar,
four ounces of suet chopped fine, and two lea-
Hpponfnls of fresh ground allspice; grease the
inside of a baking dish with a bit of suet, put
in the puddiug and bake four hours.
Yellow on Silk Garments.— Boil the ar-
ticles for half an hour in Marseilles soap, with
the addition of wheat bran; then rinse, and dye
to a buff in a bath of soap and annatto, lift,
and pass through a sulphuric acid bath of %o
Beaume, in which they will acquire a beautilul
yellow color.
256
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[April »7, 1875
teiCIENTIFIC
W. B. EWER Bbhiob Editob.
OEWEY & CO., T*Tzblisliers.
A. T. DEWET, GEO. H. BTBONG
W. B. BWBB, 'NO. L, BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising- Kates:.
Subbobtptions payable In advance — For one year, $4 ;
ell 'months, $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orderB at our risfc.
Advertising Rates. — 1 week. -1 month. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $'2.U0 $5.00
One-half inch "..... $1 .00 3.00 7.50 24.00
Oneinch 1.50 4.00 12.00 40.00
Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special of
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
inserted at special rates.
Sample Copes. — Occassionally we send copies of this
paper to persons who we believe would be benefited
by subscribing for it, or willing to assist us in extend-
ing its circulation. We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
Sail Francisco:
Saturday Morning, April 17, 1875-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS. — A New Industry;
Hydraulic Mining in California, 249- Manufacture
of Agricultural Implements; Giant Powder; A New
Gas Machine; Hydraulic Engineering in the Sierras,
256- Baker's Rotary Blower; The Old Bell to be
Mended, 257- The Screw Propellor; Mechanics'
Institute — Tenth Industrial Exhibition; Patents and
Inventions, 260. Mining Decision — Locations; Sil-
ver in Montana — Concentrating, 261.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Paper Barrel Complete; Pa-
per Barrel in Parts; Hydraulic Mining in California,
249- Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom, 254.
Baker's Rotary Pressure Blower, 257-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— The Mission of the
House Fly; A New Gigantic Fossil; A New Utilization
of Refuse Materials; Cycles of Growth; Burning
"Under Pressures; Rewards and Punishments; New
Use for the Camera; Borax, 251.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS. — Filth or Foul
Water the Cause of Boiler Explosions; Electric Lathe
Ohucfe; New Mode of Raising "Water; A Locomotive
Hill Climber, 251.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 252.
MINING SUMMARY from the various- counties
in California and Nevada, 253.
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 250-54.
USEFUL INFORMATION. — Coloring Process
for Gems; The Pottery Tree; Coating Seams in
Wrought Iron Tanks; Interesting and Important Cal-
culation; Oxvgen and Eggs; Useful Hint; Wooden
Skewers; Beet Cider; New Use for Gas-Tar; Sleeping
Car-*; New Application of Electro-Metallurgy; Amer-
ica Before the Days of Columbus; Combinations of
Colors, 255-
GOOD HEALTH.— To Produce Perspiration; How
to Breathe; What the Health Lift Does for Exhausted
Nature; Interesting Facts; The Virtues of Buttermilk;
Ready Means for the Production of Ozone; Dark
HouseB, 255.
DO 1VIESTIC ECONOMY.— Cooking Cranberries;
Value of a Milk Diet; Useful Hints from One Who
KnowB; A Pan Dowdy; An Excellent Bread Padding;
Yellow on Silk Garments, 255-
MISCELLANEOUS.-Ooal on the Pacific Coast;
Wonderful Retention of Heat; Academy of Sciences;
Important Engineering Work, 250.
Manufacture of Agricultural Implements.
The Kimball Manufacturing Company are
enlarging their sphere of enterprise by the ad-
dition of a branch establishment for the man-
faoture of agricultural implements. For the
accomodation of this new industry a commodi-
ous building, 90x220 feet in its exterior dimen-
sions, has been erected on the corner of Berry
and Sixth streets.
It is proposed to manufacture every imple-
ment needed on a farm from a garden trowel
to a lumber wagon. Heretofore our farmers
have depended almost wholly on Eastern man-
ufacturers for their implements and as a result
a large sum has annually been sent away which
could as well be retained to circulate in our
own State.
The moBt approved machinery will be intro-
duced by the Kimball company and they in-
tend that their agricultural implement depart-
ment shall be fully equal in reputation to their
other manufacturing departments which is a
sufficient guarantee of its excellence. The
building is two stories in height. On the
ground floor is the engine, of eighty-horse
power, twelve forges, lathes and necessary ma-
chinery. The upper room is divided into a
drying room, a paiotirig room, wood workers'
room and an office for the Superintendent, Mr.
E. Soule. Between seventy-five and one hun-
dred hands will be employed when the manu-
factory is in operation, which is expected to be
about May 1st. In time it is the intention of
the company' to add a foundry for the cast-
ing of such light work as is needed in their
business.
This will form a valuable acquisition to the
constantly increasing manufacturing enterprises
of San Francisco. We feel that its success is
assured.
Bubbeb Paint.— The TJ. S. Hospital at the
Prtsidio, and ihe Governor's mansion at Sacra-
mento, are both being painted with tbe rub-
ber i aiat manuf tcturtd by the Pacific Rubber
Paint Oo., No. 207 Saciaineuto street. This
paint is fast cjming into more general use as
its merits become known, Hnd the manufactui-
ers have all they can do to fill orders,
Giant Powder.
The jury in the inquest relative to the recent
explosion at Bincon Point went out to the
Giant Powder Works on Monday last to wit-
ness a series of experiments with the powder.
The Mayor, members of the Board of Super-
visors, and a number of other gentlemen were
present. The manufacturers desired to prove
to the jury and others that the powder would
not explode by contact with fire, but would
simply burn up, unless the proper agents were
used to explode it. Giant powder, it may be
stated, is a compound of nitro-glycerine and in-
fusorial earth. The particles of the nitro-
glycerine are absorbed in the earth, as if by
a sponge, and when ignition takes place, either
by loose powder or powder cartridged, a con-
tinuous and very hot flame is the result, until
all is consumed, but never an explosion.
The experiments were carried on a few hun-
dred yards from the Superintendent's resi-
dence, in the sand hills on the other side of the
Golden Gate Park. Boxes of Nos. 1 and 2
powder were carried tothespot,as well as a few
boxes of cartridges and some percussion caps.
Out of a box of fifty pounds of No. 1 giant
powder Mr. Yarney dug a half spadefull, and
set it off with a piece of punk. It simply
burned up. The box of powder from which
this was taken was then ignited with a fuse,
but no cap, and it burned up in a fierce, broad
mass of flame. A box of ordinary cartridges
was then burned in a similar manner, but the
combustion in this case was less rapid, as the
powder was packed together and bnrned slower.
One of the cartridges being cut in two, one
portion was burned loosely, and the other was
placed over a heavy beam of wood, with a per-
cussion cap inserted. At last came the shock
and a shower of dust. The four ounces of
dynamite shattered the beam into fine splint-
ers. A 50-pound box of cartridges was now
placed under an upright pole triangle, and a
weight of 100 pounds was allowed to descend
upon it from a hight of thirty or forty feet.
Except in smashing the box and bursting the
cartridges, it had no efivot. This shows that
•simple percussion will not ignile the powder.
A fire being lighted, two shovelsful of loose
powder were thrown into the flames; and then
cartridges were thrown in, and they all burned
up. A 50-pound can of No. 2 powder was then
ignited. Its conflagration lasted a couple of
minutes. Then five pounds of No. 1 powder
were packed tightly into a box and p'laced
among the live embers. The powder simply
burned away.
A quantity of loose giant powder was then
taken in a box and set on fire. When half con-
sumed a bucket of water was thrown upon it
and the fire quenched. The remaining half of
the powder, now saturated with water, was then
exploded with a cap. This experiment aston-
ished all present, who had no idea such a thing
could be done.
Experiments were now made to demonstrate
the extraordinary strength of the powder. Into
a mortar with a bore for a 32-pound ball a
quarter of an ounce of ordinary black
blasting powder was inserted as a charge. It
sent the ball a distance of precisely nine feet.
The same quantity of No. 2 giant powder
hurled the ball in a graceful arch a distance of
443 feet; and a quarter ounce of No. 1 powder
sent the ball 45 or 50 feet further. A quarter
ounce was also tried without a cap. Not
enough power was developed to send the ba'l
out of the mortar. Thirty grammes (almost
an ounce) of blasting powder was next applied
to discharging a 32-pound ball vertically. This
was done by placing the ball in a cavity in
the upper side of a solid iron surface. When
placed in this hollow the ball was not quite half
imbedded, and rested directly on the powder.
The ball did not rise at all. -With the same
quantity of giant powder it shot straight up-
ward about 1,000 feet. Half a pound of pow-
der, looking like ordinary damp sawdust, was
poured loosely on an 8x8 stick of timber, with-
out being tamped or otherwise confined, and
when exploded with a cap, it cut the heavy tim-
ber clean in two without splintering it at all.
Those present were thoroughly convinced
that when caps are not stored beside the pow-
der, though it is inflammable and gives out a
strong heat, it is an explusive not at all danger-
ous to handle. Tney were also convinced that
if 150 pounds of powder had exploded at Bin-
con Point it would not have left a vestige of
Hathaway's warehouse, or even tbe Marine
hospital. The general opinion is that when
the powder in the box on the floor caught on
fire from the sparks from Clark's pipe, the
blaze set fire to the fuse which was affixed to
the cartridge on the table, and thereby ex-
ploded only the 15 pound cartridge, which
caused the damage.
Upon returning to the city, the jury, with-
out hearing further testimony, returned the
following verdict :
We find that these persons came to their death by the
explosion of a quantity of giant powder, which was be-
ing prepared in caitridges in an. office occupied by J.N
Riedon, contractor for the removal of Bincon Rock.
That the exploison was occasioned by the setting on fire
of a fitty-pouud box of giaot powder by a spark dropped
from a pips carelessly held by J. Clark, foreman of
the work, and one of the sufferers, which flamed up and
exploded a box of detonating capB lying on a bench a
few feet from an eight-pound cartridge Just filled by 3.
Ourry. We think that J, N. Bisdon, contractor for re-
moving Bincon Rock, and the occupant of the office
where the explosion occurred, should be greatly cen-
sured for permitting the manufacture of cartridges in
such a neighborhood, adjacent to dwellings and bus-
iness buildings, and suffering detonating caps and giant
powder to be stored on the same premises. We under-
stand that the city ordinances do not prohibit the
storage of giant or Hercules powder within the city
limits; and we recommend that an ordinance be passed
by the Board of Supervisors forbidding the storage of
giant or Hercules powder or dynamite in quantities of
over fifty pounds within the city limits, or the storage
of detonating caps or black powder in the same prem-
ises with giant or Hercules powder or dynamite, and
the absolute prohibition of the transportation through
the streets of this city of nitro-glycerine. (Signed, John
Taylor, Foreman; R. G. Brush, Thos. V. Fawcett, H.
H. Bigelow, Geo. W. Wyer, iBaiah Dixon, C. A. Kellogg,
M. J. Luddington, G. Forest Walter.
A New Gas Machine.
In walking down Beale street one day this
week we came across a newly invented gas ma-
chine of small proportions but large capaacity,
which, as it will be shortly introduced in this
city and is a California invention, we examined
carefully. It is called the Hydrostatic Gas
Machine, and is run by air, water and gasoline,
in a simple manner. The water is admitted in a
small spray into a large- mouthed pipe. Thence
it goes into a receiver, where the air foroed in
by the water, and which is carried down with
it, is stored. From this tank it passes through
a pipe or pipes, under a perforated diaphragm.
and upwards through it and a film of gasoline
floating over this diaphragm. This film of oil
is kept constant by meaDS of communication
with a reservoir connected by pipes with the
carburetter, and as the carburetter is supplied
with water from a side tank by- means of a
siphon, the water in the carburetter, in trying
to retain the level of this tank, flows down one
of the pipes connecting with the gasoline res-
ervoir, forcing up, by its speoific gravity, an
equivalent quantity of gasoline into the car-
buretter, where it floats upon the water already
there.
The air, after passing down through the in-
let pipe, and upwards through the perforated
diaphragm and gasoline film, is naturally dis-
charged with the gas, and is passed off through
suitable outlets to the turners'
ThiB is the operation of the machine, which
appears, however, much more simple than a
description. The machine itself appears like
a small galvanized iron box with a few
connecting pipes, and occupies a space
of about two feet square. The barrel" or
can of gasoline may be buried in the ground in
the back yard if necessary, or placed anywhere
out of the way, as it needs no attention after
being filled. The capacity of the apparatus we
examined is about two hundred burners, and
the whole cost will be about $5 or $10. The
whole thing'runs by natural laws. When the
gas is turned on the machine begins to make
gas, and when it is turned off the action of the
machine ceases immediately; accordingly there
remains on hand only about enough gas to
start with, perhaps a cubic foot. Turning on
the gas at the burner also turns on the water
to start the machine, and vice versa. There is
no large gasometer to maintain, nor any ex-
pensive apparatus. As far as we can see there
is no danger of any explosion, as the gasoline
barrel may be buried in the yard, and there is
only a thin film of the substance in the ma-
chine, and that floats upon more than two
hundred times its bulk of water. This also
may be kept in a cellar if thought necessary.
This may be really- called a poor man's gas
machine. The owners propose putting them
in houses in this city for the cost of meters
already in; and they inform us that the gas
costs (including water bill) from 90 cents to
$1.10 per thousand feet.
The capacity of the smallest sized maohine is
two hundred burners, aud it makes gas in pro-
portion to the amount used, only running
when required. The cheapness of this appa-
ratus is greatly in its favor, as is also its sim-
plicity and economy in working. It will
answer as well in the country as in the city, as
only a slight fall of water is necessary. Alto-
gether, the machine appears to us a simple and
effective one, and the owners are sensible
enough to put it at a price low enough to allow
any one to purchase. The first machines are
now being built at 139 Beale street. The in-
ventor is John C. Henderson, and we understand'
that A. Chabot, Henry Pierce and G. B. Cot-
trell are the other owners of the patent. As
soon as all the arrangements are made th~
machines will be' pat upon the market, and
judging from the men interested it will not be
long before this is done. It is different in op-
eration from any apparatus for similar pur-
poses heretofore invented, and its simple ope-
ration and cheapness commends it to favorable
notice.
Hope Ikon Wobks. — Mr. HaDscom's new
works on the Potrero will be in running order
in about a month. The buildings are nearly
completed, the cupola furnace up and the en-
gines are bting put in place. Most of th*
lathes, drill*, etc , have been purchased in
Philadelphia, and will arrive sboitly. The
woiks are to be very complete, and the ma-
chinery ordered is all first class.
The machinery for the "War Eagle mine has
Arrived, and the mine is sending 20 tons of ore
per day to the mid.
Hydraulic Engineering in the Sierras.
In December, 1873, we gave a description of
the Virginia and Gold Hill water works, show-
ing by diagrams and engravings the details of
this great undertaking.- The pipe as it now
stands sustains a pressure of 1,720 feet perpen-
dicular, or 750 pounds to the square inch — the
greatest in the world. The average diameter
of the pipe used is 11% inches, and the entire
weight was about 700 tons. Nearly one million
rivets were used to manufacture it, and some
thirty-five tons of lead were consumed in
making the joints. At the point of heaviest
pressure the pipe is No. 0 thick, and is hot
riveted with % rivets, there being a double row
on the straight and a single row on the round
seam. The entire length of pipe crossing
Washoe valley is 37,100 feet.
These works are to be doubled in capacity
and another pipe ten inohes in diameter is to
be laid across the valley. Marlette lake, which
is at an elevation of about 1,500 feet above O
street, Virginia City, is within a mile of the
eastern shore of Lake Tahoe and 1,000 feet
above its level. The lake has an area of 200
acres and is 15 feet deep when full in
winter.
The present supply is obtained from Hobart
creek, and is conducted for a distance of twenty-
two miles to Virginia. The creek is fed by
melting snows, and the amount of water is de-
pendent upon the character of the season.
When the snow fall is heavy and the thaw
gradual the supply is ample, but when the
snow melts rapidly early in the spring, the
volume of water is much diminished before
the season is over. The new works will take
the water from Marlette lake and add it to the
supply from Hobart creek. A tunnel half a
mile long is being run through to the mountain,
range between"Hobart creek and Lake Tahoe.
This is being worked from both ends by air
compressors and Burleigh drills. If considered
necessary, a shaft seventy-five feet deep will be
sunk on the line of the tunnel, and work can'
then be prosecuted on four faces of the tunnel
at the same time. Six miles of grade are also
necessary to reach Marietta lake.
The pipe is the main feature of the under-
taking. The water is carried in flnmes to the
eastern end of the pipe. From the outlet or
eastern end it runs through a flume eight miles
long to Virginia and Gold Hill, connecting with
the city pipe system. The inlet of the pipe
has a perpendicular elevation above the outlet
of 465 feet. The supply, with the present pipe,
can be inoreased to 2,350,000 gallons per day.
The new pipe, which is to cross the valley, is
ten inches in diameter, made of iron, lap
welded. This will give ten pipes across the
valley, of nearly equal capaoity, and the supply
will be greatly increased. There has betn a
scarcity of water for mining purposes, but with
this supply more mills will be erected at the
mines, thus doing away with the expense of
hauling ore to reduction works at a distance.
The immense consumption of water is caused
by the building of mills new hoisting works, I
increased power of old ones, etc. The details
of this work are interesting to hydraulic en-
gineers, as the methods of tightening leaky
joints, the automatio air valves, blow offs, I
elbows, straps, etc., are of novel construction
to stand the immense pressure. The additions
to the work will cost some $500,000. ConBid- l
erable of this increased supply of water will be
used in hydraulic works. The ground, accord- 1
ing to tbe Gold Hill News, with water at a |
nominal figure would have paid well, but op-
erations have been suspended for the present
on account of the expense incurred in obtaining
water.
Mb. Geobge Spaulding, who has had busi-
ness connections with this office for some years
past, departed for the East with his family this
week, on a three months' trip. Mr. Spaulding
came to this State about twelve years ago. He
was at one time assistant foreman on the old
San Francisco Journal, and then foreman in
the Daily Flag office. He was foreman on the
Mining ant* Scientific Peebs for about five
years. He then bought out Dewey & Co/s
job printing office and went into business with
Harrison Barto, nnderthe firm name of Spauld-
ing & Barto, which firm is still successfully
running. Mr. Spaulding has been one of ihe
Board of Dir»-otors of the Mechanios' Institute
for over four y> are, and .one of the managers of
three of the industrial exhibitions given by
ihe Institute. The managers of the Institute
gave Mr. Spaulding a supper on Tutsday
evening list, on which occa-ion spjtohes were'
made and a general good time enjoyed. Mr,
Spaulding is oae of those quiet, uoa^sumiug
men, who unconsciously make frieuds every-
where and who " wear " well. In all our inter-
course with him we have never he^rd him ac-
ou^ed of any incivility or unfairness of any I
kind, and tbe estimation in which he is held by
his friends would be flittering to any man. He
has fortunately prospered in pecuniary mat- 1
tors by honesty and upriebt dealing, and ia
now rewarding himself for cluf-e attention
to business by taking a pleasure tiip. He goes
back to his old h me at Fit.-hburg, Muss., for
a few moo h->, aud we, as well as all his other
friends, pait from him with regret, and wibh
him a pleasant trip and speedy return.
!
\pril 17, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
257
Baker's Rotary Blower.
I This blower, illustrations of which we here-
nth give, is made entirely of iron. The cylin-
Irical portion or case is bored oat and faced on
'he ends. The heads of the machine, or ends
ipon which the beariogs are boiled, are also
aced off trne. The case is secured to the ends
Ly bolts, and, when in exact position, the eiidB
(re doweled so that when the case is removed
,t can be returned to its proper position with-
out much trouble or delay.
1 The base is cast in one piece and faced on its
jpper side, and bolted firmly to the ends of
he machine. The drums are eaoh one solid
fon casting, turned np true and balanced, thus
nwring closeness aid at th~ name time steadi-
ness when running. The two lower drums are
nor will the machine have to be taken apart for
internal repairs.
The large illustration affords an exterior view,
and Fig. 2 gives a sectional representation of
the interior. The external case is made of
light boiler iron, formed up very truly and in-
serted into the heads of the machine, said
heads being of cast iron, flrmbr secured to a
bedplate of similar material. They are also
bolted together longitudinally', by outside iron
rods. Within toe chest, and concentric there-
with, is a cylinder, A (a single iron casting j,
wt ifh is provided with two vanes, B itnd C.
The Bbaft of the cylinder, A, is rotated by the
driving pulley shown outside. The air enters
at D, from underneath, and U forced by the
vanes out through the outlet, E, in the direc-
tion of the arrows. In order to prevent any
direct communication between inlet and outlet,
two slotted cylinders, F and if, are arranged
on separate shafts, the latter actuated by gear-
ing on the main shaft (partially concealed by
meat's consideration, supposing the auxiliary
cylinder* to revolve in the direction of the
arrows drawn within them, will show that,
whatever the position of the vanes may be, one
or the other or both of these cylinders will pre-
vent lommunication between inlet and outlet;
while their slots will always be presented to
the vanes so that the latter may, at the proper
time, enter and so pursue the uninterrupted
course necessary to drive a steady blast.
The manufacturers enclose, to us a report of
the Franklin Institute Committee on this
blower, giving a comparison between the Baker
and Boot blowers, in which the former has the
advantage. The Committee examined the ma-
chines in detail and in summing up the report
say, " Yourcommittee are therefore of theopin-
ion thai the Baker machine has proved itself
the best in every respect and entitled to the
first premium and diploma." The report is a
very flattering one to the Baker Blower and as
it is on file in this office can be examined by
The Old Bell to be Mended.
It is quite generally known that the old bell,
at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, which
first rang out the joyful news of our nation's
birth, has long been silent by reason of a seri-
ous fracture which made its appearance while
being violent h\rung on a Fourth of July occa-
sion many years sgo. Although its ringing,
joyous tone has not been beard for these many
years, by reason of this injury which bus been
heretofore considered past remedy, it h<is been
carefully preserved and shown to visitors at
Independence Hall, as a precious relic; and in
tho preparations for the coming centennial
jubilee, a prominent place had been arranged
for it, where, in mute but eloquent silence, it
would form one of the connecting links be-
tween the past and the present.
But a better fate and better purpose, it is
BAKER'S ROTARY PRESSURE BLOWER.
ilotted their entire length, to allow the wing of
ihe central drum to pass; these openings or
lots are made considerably wider than is
peeded for the passage of the wings; this* is
lone to insure perfect freedom in action, and
it the same time to remove the danger of the
rings coming in contact when entering or
eaving. As each drum only acts as abutments
Alternately, the power required to drive them
js merely to overcome the friction of the jour-
aalB. The wings of the central drum are faced
Ijff and bolted on firmly ; they are cast in the
Requisite form to insure the greatest strength
I u proportion to their weight. The gearing,
->hich is made exceedingly strong, is only in-
tended to keep the drums in proper position,
i The bearings and journals are made extra
large, to secure as large a bearing surface as
'possible, and to give to the journals a great de-
gree of strength, so as to prevent them from
Springing in the bearing, and to overcome
yapid wear. A shield is placed over the gears
«o prevent accidents. Thpre is only one pnlley
to each machine, and as this is made with a
piamster large enough to give the belt a good
[running speed, and with breadth amply suf-
ficient for the purpose, the necessity of furnish-
ing extra belts, pulleys, counter shafts, etc.,
is avoided, and the expense saved. The
great trouble heretofore has been to build a ro-
tary pressure blower, of sufficient strength,
fewness of parts and ease of motion to stand
the work they generally receive; whereas in the
improved blower the working parts are made
exceedingly strong, and there is no point in
actual contact (although working very close;
in its internal movemeuts; hence the tendency
to hammer itself apart is en'irely removed.
As there is no material to shrink in dry weath-
er, or expand in wet, nor i uts or bolts innum-
erable to become loose, the internal working
parts of the blower will not require replacing,
fast as the central drum. As the cylinder, A, I
therefore turns in the direction of the arrow.
Fig. 2, the vane, B> is almost in contact with
the upper part of the casing, and is compress- 1
those interested. FuAer information can
also be obtained by addressing T. Wilbraham
& Bros., 2,314 Frankford avenue, Philadelphia,
Pa., sole manufacturers of the American pat-
the figure on the extreme right of the large en-
graving) so that said cyliDdf-rs revolve twice as
ing the air before it, driving the blast out of
'he pipe, E. This compressed air is prevented
from returning to the iulet by the cylinder, F,
wlrch above is close against the cylinder, A,
and below meets the abutments formed on th?
bottom. The vane, C, at the same time has
entered the slot of the cylinder, G. A mo-
ent, or Charles Asbury, Birmingham, Eng-
land, in relation to the English, French and
Belgian patents.
Besides the;r own bie sisty-stnmp mill, the
Consolidated Virginia mining company is run-
ning the Mariposa, Occidental, Bacon, Kel-ey,
Trench. Hoosier State and Sacramento mills-
eight mills in all.
hoped, is in store for the old "Independence
Bell." Mr. D. L. Biggs, of Salem, Oregon,
who has devised a method for mending broken
bells so as to restore their tone to their original
pitch, has been corresponding with the cen-
tennial authorities at Philadelphia, with the
view of trying his skill in the restoration of this
precious relic. The result of this correspon-
dence has brought an invitation to Mr. Biggs
to visit Philadelphia with this object in view,
and he has already gone thither. It is to be
hoped that he will succeed in the effort, and
that after its long silence, that old bell will
again resume its duty of ringing in the advent
of the "Glorious Fourth." from the belfry of
Independence Hall, and that the first note of
its new-found voice will be heard when the
rising star of July 4, 1876, ushers in the cen-
tennial return of our country's natal day.
Industhial Iron "Wcbes. — The foundry
and machine shop recently erected by Mc-
Cormick, Lewis & Co., on Beale street, and
known as th* Industrial Iron Works, are now
in the full t;de of succes'-fal operatic. The
first "run" was made on Saturday the 3d irst.
At the'r works mav be seen in operation Ea-
ter's Rotary Pressure B'ower. the on'y one in
use, we believe, on this C^ast. The Bafeer
Blower is said to be a desirable improvement
on rotary pressure blowers in the gre*tBtrength
and ab-ence of friction internally. The Messrs.
McCormick, Lewis & Co. have all th« facilities
which improved machinery can afford and are
de'ermined to do first-class work in every re-
spect.
The largpst hoiflting cable on the Comstock
lod* arrived fit Virginia City on Sunday, con-
signed to the Savage mining com' any. It is
4,000 feet in length and weighs 25,190 pounds.
It will be used in the incline.
258
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[April 17, 1875
banking.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Selig-man & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $8,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, $1,500,000.
Remainder subject to call.
Diebctobb in London— Hon. Hugh McOulloch, Reuben
D. Sassoon, William F. Scholfield, Isaac Selikcman, Julius
SinKton.
Managers:
F. F. LOW and IGXATK VTMIXHIKT,
San -Fbancisco.
The Bank is now prepared to open accounts, receive de-
posits, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and issue
Letters of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on proper securities. 2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN PS AN CISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
0. W. KFLLOSO President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
E. N. YANBKDNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street San Francisco.
Kountze Beothess, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, npor
daily Balances of Gold and Currency.
BeceiYe consignments of Sold, Silver and Lead
bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tf a. MAHE, Director.
Wm hirectory.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEY S ANDIOCNSELORS AT I, AW
In Building of Piiclflc Insurance Co, N. E. corner Cab
•ornift an LeidesdorfT streets,
04V pr i w^TS^n
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. corner Sacramento.
v i -instruments made, repaired and adjusted
JOSEPH GULLOTT'S
STEEL FEISTS.
SoM by allDealers throughout the World.
WM. BAKTI.1M],
HENRY KIMBALL.
BARTLXNG & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDEBS,
Paper Balers and Blank Book Manufacturers,
SOS Clay street, (southwest cor. 8ansome),
ftvl2-*Tn SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MOR&AN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey k Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenf eldfc or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
A.:M:M0 3sr:i:-A i
For Washing: and Cleaning1 Purposes.
For Sale fc>y all Grocers.
This article is universally used in Europe, and, recenty
introduce for general family use in San Francisco and
ueighborhood, is already in great demand. It la now the
inteotion of the manufacturers to introduce it all ever ibe
Paci tic Ci ast, at prioes which will bring it within the reach
of every household.
It is unuqualled for cleansing "Woolen Fabrics, Cutlerv,
Carpets or Crockery ; for Scrubbing Floors, Washing Paint,
Removing Grease Spots, Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water soft, and imparts a delightluL sen bo of
coolness after washing.
DIRECTIONS.-For Laundry, use two to four tablo-
epooonfuls to a wash:ub of water. For bathing, use one
tableKpoonful in the bath tub. For removing grense spots,
apply with a brush, undiluted, and w.teh with wa'er after-
waru. For stimulatng the growth of plants, ute b lew
drops in every pint of waier used in watering.
PRICE. -Per Pint Bottle, 25 cents; per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents: per Hall Gallon, 75 coma.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for chemical pur-
pose, fertilizing, and the prcpjirntion of artificial manures.
AMMONIACAL PuEPARATION, for the prevention and
removal of boilerscalft. CRUDE AMMONIA, for general
manafacturing, and PUR -. LIQUOR and aQIJ\ AMMO-
NIA for chemical and pharmaceutical purposes.
*g~ Manufactured by the
SAN FRANCISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowhp
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a lnrge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Grasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal. Etc
WM. MoCRINDLE, Manager, 22 k 24 Fremont St., S. F.
m6-»t3
|»etalllifgy apd Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assayers
Chemists. Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
■ ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AMP —
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies sine«
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Oeast.
%2~ Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assayB in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR & 00.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to: have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of tbe great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows;
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passesdown, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly pas&ing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTJHN,
C. A. LTJCKHARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
ADVANCES HADE
Ob all binds of Ores, and purtlcnlur itttentfoi
PAID TO
COWBIttNHENTs OF OOOJA.
4vl6-3m
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENRY a. HANES
Will receive afew pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
A-ismsvyei" and ^tetairmrgficn^
CHEMI8T,
No. fill Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U . S. Branch Mint
San Francisco Oax. 7v21-Sn:
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY COTTON DUCK.
33. 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15.
ounce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
M.acle to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STHEET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL,
eoli3 Notice?.
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep.
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly dilute d
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred Bheep,
so that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, andto be vastly superior to Corrosive
8ublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, giving
full directions for its use, also certificates of promiient
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective and reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
Geo.VKGijant&GO.
PHILADELPHIA.
These Candles are made of pure Stearic Acid, twice
hydraulic pressed, are unadulterated with any crude
material, and upon burning, give a large and brilliant
flame without running. 13v9-2ambp
NTMBOD BAOXSm.
BICHABD O. HANSON
RlOHAED C, HaHSON & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers,
Imtobtebs of all kinds of
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum Vitee for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
SAN FBANCISCO.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the Bmallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
ble Bed Spring in use. It is adapted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make the celebrated Obermann Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make hiB own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to FarmerB* and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & SXLSBY,
14v28 -eov.-br-Jm 147 New Montgomery St., S.
W. BREDEMEYER,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt H.a,lr©, TJ. T.
* Working Plans and Estimates forMineBond Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concen ration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Maihinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of (shafts. P. O. Box 1157.
JgACIFIC MURAL |§RESS,
A first-class 16-page Agricultural Home-Journal, filleu
with fresh, valuableaud interesting reading. Every
farmer and ruralist should take it. It is im-
mensely popular. Subscription, $4 a year.
DEWEY & CO., Publishers,
No. 221 San some street, SAN FRANCISCO.
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance |
Company of California.
No. 41 Seoond street,
- - Saoramento
ACCUMULATED FUND, NEARLY
i,^so,ooo.oo.
$100,000 Approved Securities, deposited with the Cali-
fornia State Department as security for
Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND STANFORD Presiden
J. H. CARROLL Vice-President
JOS. CRACKBON Secretary
All Pol icieB issued by this Company, and the proceeds
thereof, are exompt from execution by the laws of Cal-
fornia. THE ONLY STATE IN THE UNION that pro-
vides for this exemption.
ByPolicies issued by this Company are non-forfeita-
ble, and all profits are divided among the insured.
Policies may be made payable in Gold or Currency,
as the applicant may elect, to pay his premium.
Executive Committee :
Leland Stanford, J, H. Cabboix,
Robx. Hamilton, Samuel Lavenson,
Jas. Cabolan;
SCHREIBER & HOWELL,
n-29-eow-bp-3m General Agents, Bacramento.
Ayer's Hair Vigor
— FOE —
RESTORING OKAY HAIR
TO ITS NATURAL VITALITY AND COLOR.
Advancing years, sick-
ness, cure, disappoint-
ment, and hereditary
predisposition, all turn
the hair gray, and either
of them incline it to Bhed
prematurely.
Ateb's Haib Vigor, by
long and extensive use,
has proven that it stops
the falling of the hair
immediately, often re-
news the growth, and always surely restores its color,
when faded or gray. It stimulates the nutritive organs
to healthy activity, and preoerves both the hair and its
beauty. Thus brashy, weak or sickly hair becomes
gloBBy, pliable and strengthened; lost hair regrows with
lively expression; falling hair is checked and stablished;
thin hair thickens; and laded or gray hair resume their
original color. Its operation is sure and harmless. It
cures dandruff, heals all humors, and keeps the1 scalp
cool, clean and soft — under which conditions, diseases
of the Bcalp are impossible.
As a dressing lor ladies' hair, the Vigor is praised for
its grateful and agreeable perfume, and valued for the
soft luster and richness of tone it imparts.
PBEPAEED BY
DR. J. C AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
■y Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIG-HAM, Wholesale Agents,
jyl8-Ba BAH FBANCISCO.
The National Gold Medal
WAS AWARDED TO
BRADLEY & EULOFSON
FOK THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE
UNI TED STATES,
AND THE
VIENNA MEDAL
FOR THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
eowbp
No. 439 Montgomery Street,
San Francisco, Cal.
ERNEST L. RANS0ME,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer,
No. 10 Bush Street, San Francisco,
Office Hours 1 to 2 Daily.
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2'Jj and 1 cent per pound ac-
cording to quality. In ordering state for what pur*
pOBe the Btoue is needed.
"I have used one of your grindstones f"r some time, and
it is the bem I ever had.'T . F .'. CtTRBEY,
November 20, 1874. Prop. S. F. Boiler Works.
EMERY STONES, VASES AND FOUNTAINS, GKAVE-
STONEsANDCEviElERi' WORK. STONE DRESS-
INGS GENERALLY, NATURAL STONE hard-
ened and preserved, SILICATE OF SODA for
Soap Makers and Laundryinen, Ac.
PORTLAND CEMENT for tiale in Lots to Suit..
Send or Price- Li«t. eowbp
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to CO pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BKAHMAS, GAMES. _«-v«jR|£----y_-- Black
HOUDANS. £^K§HfV CAYUGA DUCKS.
EGGS, fresh, p"re, pa ked bo as to batch af >er arriv ■ 1 on
any part of tua Cuasi. For Iiluetra>ed l irc-.il .r and Price-
List, uddress
M- EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
Purchasers please say advertised in Scientific Prese,
.pril 17, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
Machinery.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
EXTKA Hl'.AVI AND'lMPBOVtD PATTERN*,
rCTNAM MACHINE CO.,
MASCrACTtniEB.
)\THE8. PIiAKERS, BORINO MILLS. DRILLS,
j BOLT COTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND 8HAPINU
MACEINE3 ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
lAddrcKH
PAEKE & LACY,
310 California Street. S. F
IDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
latmfaeturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
.1 smuller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
lie for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
KILLS, J6 laches and smaller, and other Machinists'
boU. •
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENDE.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
FM. HAWKINS. T. G. CANTRELL
"THE DANBURY"
DRILL CHUCK.
The Favorite Everywhere.
Send stamp for circular.
The Hull 2c Belden Compan7, Banbury, Ct.
|P. 8.— These Chucks are now on hand and for Bale
I manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
jos. H & 16 First Street, S. F.
MACHINERY.
(Iron and Wood-working Machinery, Wood Planers,
pthee, Mitre and Cutting-off Saws, Iron Turning and
crew Cutting Lathes, Planers, Shapers and Drilling
whines, Screw and Scroll Chucks, from the best
lakers, always on hand and for sale cheap by
NEYLAN & YOUNG,
far27eow IS & 20 Spear Street, S. F.
IRON AND STEEL
IDROP* FORGING.
Of Every Description, at Seasonable Prices.
I The Hull Is Belden Company, Dantmry, Ct. j
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
jrom 3 t.Q 75-horse power. Shafting, Pulleys, HolstGeara,
uartz Mill*, Water Tanks. Spanish Araelras, PurapB and
lipoB, Heiiburo and Belden Pans, and all kinds or M;t-
omery for sale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H, WHITELAW.
266 Brannan street, S. F.
IHighcut cash prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
CRANK PLANERS.
Isaporior Benign and Wortmanaliip, Extra Heavy (1100 It. )
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED,
TO PLANE 1^x16x15. J
|The Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
3NQINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
[as decided merit.!. Its Beauty, Compactness,
trengih, Durability, Economy ln Fi el, Eaan in Hand-
ng, and Small Space required attract the Bujer, and
le Prica readily coucludt-s the S«Je.
i*-'v't.'a.ll and see it or send for Circulars.
U.KE!SC.Eft& CO , Asrfcs.,306.Cal.St.. S.F
Mil Hill BY CQfflTHACT.
I Estimates giver, Tor Special "Work of ©very
■ description. Are fully equipped with, first-
I class Machinery ami Tools.
[The Hull ti Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
I "DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIN*.
Stbie£3 Blow Heavy oh Light, Fast or Slow.
Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1875.
The Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
259
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIBST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to u. for the best
la tne great National contest held at Cincinnati. September, 1871, and lasting over aii days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUB TEMPERED SAWS were declared tbc victors.
„. i*f"J?°v". U'"',S.",!S?1"1 S&E5M arrangement, for very low frelgbtR and qnlek dispatch of our saws for tho
r^i°^1' "^f;1 WS VA™ BV *''IIj FE0M SAN ™*N01SQO.X« Send your address for. lull
E2S .» . ^ Nu,,lon°1 Sowing Contest, and the olass of aawa that >ou use, with the thickness, ste and
kind that yon use. and speedy such a. you will require within the ncit is) days. We will guarantee to lunilsh
you with saws that have no equal In quality, and at prices that will bu entirely Battsiiotory. Address
_^__^__ EMERSON, FORO & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
piping fvlachijiery.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 2G, 1875.
For description see Mining and Scientific Peess,
March 6, 1875.
For Cleaning; Quicksilver Before TJsinft it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Straiuer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION ntOK WORKS' San Francisco.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lba. Has an iron
frame, live ?teel arras with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which Btrike 2,0i 0 blows per minute, in a mortar provided
with screens on both sides, and crushes fine 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and Is guaranteed to give goud satis-
faction. PRICE. $600.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf 315 California street. San Franciaoo.
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in nee; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL, & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Oor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
d. & J5L. BA»lXE1"r,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nos. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Fa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co.. Importers of
Stovesand Metals. Tinners' Goods, Tools and Machines:
111 and 11 Oalilornia St., 17 and 19 lisvis St., San Fran-
oisoo, an J 178 J St., Sacramento. T3r,-iy
PARKE Jfc LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
fepN Pipe.
Pipe Fittings & Brass Goods,
AT BOTTOM PRICES.
JAMES L. BARKER,
406 & 408 Market street, S- F-,
HARDWARE AND METAL
Commission Merchant.
0^" Orders by mail will receive prompt attention
mrl3-eow-bp
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic P ipe
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Hayi.g the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OS
WATER WORKS,
To Contract -with us for
{WiHTEjET-IROlV jPJjPE.
All Sizes Made and all "Work Guaranteed
130 Bcale Street,
THE TUEBINE.
0
a
M
ft
0
0
<i
THE INVENTOR OF THE
DEXTER WINDMILL
Has made new and useful improvements in Windmills
and now feels confident of having the SIMPLEST'
CHEAPEST, MOST DURABLE, and «wi,
ONLY PERMANENT WINDMILL
IN THE WORLD.
Simplest, because it fa lefts complicated; Cheapest,
because it never needs repair, standing on a firm foun-
dation; Most Dupable, because It is all under cover,
and has lees rigging to get out of order; Only Pkiim a -'
nent, because the only Windmill in the world that has
never been injured by storms. Hundreds of people,
who have thought the DexU r perfect, will be glad to
observe the SUPERIORITY OF THE TURBINE over
all predecessors. Although much improved, the price
of mills remain the name as formerly. Persons who
study their own interest will investigate the TURBINE
before purchasing any other.
Territory for sale outside of California, at reasonable
rat^s and easy terms-
Mills Built to Order of the Best Material,
and at the Shortest Notice-
0~For further information regarding Mills or Terri-
tory, address,
A. H. SOTJTHWICK,
P. O. Box 1385, San Francisco; or
P. O. Box 25, Oakland, Cal.
mrl3-lam-bp
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this cuasfc. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No- 8?S Oalilornia street. Rooms 16 and 17.
TO COPPER SMELTERS, BLUE-STONE
and Sulphuric Acid Manufacturers.
For sale or to leaBe, the LEVIATHAN COPPER
MINE, in Alpine county, California.
The ore, which ia in the form of silicate, black and
red oxide, and gray sulphide, with metallic copper
finely disseminated, averages from two to five feet
thick, and 15 to 60 per cent, copper. A few parcels
taken out during exploratory operations realized ?30,-
000 for Bluestone. In Bight, 2,000 tons 20 per cent, ore;
on dump, 300 tons 15 per cent. Supply inexhaustible.
Title perfect. Minimum present capacity, 10 tons per
day, which may be extended indefinitely. Coat of
extraction, $1. There is also a stratum of sandstone 20
feet in thickness, impregnated with 26 per cent, of
pure sulphur. To a coin purchaser highly advantage •
ous terms will be offered. For further particulars
apply to Louis Chalmers, Silver Mountain, Alpine
county, Oal.
Averill Chemical Paint,
MANUFAOTUHED BY THE
Oal. Chemical Paint Co.
PURE WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY FOR
APPLICATION — requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not Bpoil by standing any length of time.
It is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces, a more Beautiful Finish than the best of any
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and will
last twice as long as any other PaiDt.
In ordering White, state whether for Outside or In-
side use, as we manufacture an Inside White (Flat) for
inside use, which will not turn yellow, and produces
a finish superior to any other White known.
Put up in l£, J«S, 1,2 and 5 gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price List, or apply to the office.
OFFICE and DEPOT: • FACTORY:
117 Pm« Street, ntar Front. Cor. 4th & Townsend Sts.
3v9-eow-bp-ly
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
PersonB engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Paintfd at contract prices, for goodB or
articles in which they tradp, viz:
Merchant Tailors, Gents'Furnish'g G'ds,
Bootmakers, furniture Dealers,
Hatters, Jewelers,
Hotels, Piano Fortes,
"Wi-ne Merchants, Etc., Etc.
260
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
•
[April 17, 187S
The Screw Propellor.
The following paper was read by W. W.
Hanscom, of the Hope Iroa Works, at the
meeting of the Society of Engineers of Califor-
nia, held April 6th. The paper will be dis-
cussed at the next regular meeting:
"Baring my experience and study of the
screw as a means of propulsion of steam ves-
sels I have endeavored to find expressions
which would approximate to a certain value in
the efficiency and power required to propel ves-
sels at any given speed, the displacement being
fixed. So far in my investigations I find
formulas which, iu order to approximate to the
power required for a given speed, insist on a
deeper knowledge of higher mathematics than
is possessed by many men of sound judgment,
whose very opinion will come nearer to the
actual duty performed and power required than
the so-called formulas. Not that formulas
should not be employed, but so many terms
are called into use in their evolution that they
become intricate, and oftentimes, I think^
more unreliable than the so-called rules of
thumb, whioh have come into common use for
approximation; andalso, I think, what may he
called false terms are brought into requisition,
which do not have any necessary bearing on
the question, and only serve to make more
complex the solution of a question so import-
ant.
In this paper I propose to speak particularly
of only one or two points in the screw propel-
lor, and those are the proportion which the area
of the screw's disc bears to the immersed mid-
ship section, and the importance of sectional
lines. "At another time I shall speak of the
pitch and velooity. I believe that some very
erroneous notions have crept into the heads of
designers and owners of screw steamers, and
while I treat with respect the opinions of oth-
ers, I shall endeavor to give some reasons for
the ideas which I have respecting the diameter
of screw, at present a general standard, I be-
lieve, of first-rate speed at sea. I mean the
average of a voyage is about ten knots, and in
order to make the comparison which I have I re-
duce the speed to that rate. Although at some
future time the speed of vessels may be in-
creased much beyond that, and even now ves-
sels are doing it, vet not many, I think, on the
coast of California and Oregon, are exceeding
it.
It is commonly supposed, and the theory is
advanced by well-known writers on the screw
propellor, that the larger the diameter of the
screw the more will be its effcet in proportion
to the power consumed; therefore, they say,
get the screw's diameter as large as possible.
But such is not the fact, and I take it for
granted that the immersed midship section
may bear to the area of the screw's disc, indif-
ferently, any proportion between four to one
and two and one-half to one, without impairing
its efficiency — that is, the area of the immersed
midship section may be anywhere between two
and one-half and fuur times the area of the
screw's disc, and its efficiency for the power
will be the same, or, if there be any advantage,
it will be in favor of the smaller diameter. I
am assuming now a vessel with any certain dis-
placement and proportion of length to
breadth; that, too, being an element of not as
much consequence, I think, as has been given
it; and in examining the results of trials of
steamers in the British navy this becomes pal-
pable.
To show the indifferent effect with given
power, I will take the British war steamer,
Arck&r, whose general dimensions are as fol-
lows: Length, 186 ft., 4 in.; beam extremes,
33 ft., 10 in.; draft of water, 13 ft., 3 ia., for-
ward, 14 ft., 11 in., aft; displacement, 1245
tons. This vessel's length was about five and
one-half times her breadth, and on one trial
the proportion of immersed midship section to
the area of the screw's disc was 3.03, and at a
speed of ten knots the proportion of power to
displacement was .63 per cent. — that is,
for each ton of displacement .63 of a horse-
power was required for a speed of ten knots.
When the diameter of the screw was reduced
so that the immersed midship section was 4.68
times the area of the screw s disc, then the
power required was reduced to .57 per
cent., or a saving of six per ceut., showing that
a smaller diameter of screw has made the ves-
sel more efficient. At a given speed and slip
the periphery of the si-rew travels the same
distance through the water, no matter what
may be the diameter, tbeiefore the smaller ihe
area of the screw's disc can be made — within
certain limits, which are not yet closely defined
— the less will be the friciional resistance ot
the water on the wheel, aod consequeutly the
more is there realized in the perceniage of the
nett horse power.
One of the reasons which I assume for this
is the fact that the resistance of a vessel does
not entirely depend on the sharpness of her
water line, as is commonly supposed. I am
aware that I am making an assertion which is
in direct opposition, or nearly so, to many
preconceived notions concerning the fineness
of the water lines of propellers, both entrance
and leaving, or, in other words, the rtlaiive
sharpness of the bow and stern.
The resistance of a vessel varies with her
size, and inversely in a neatly certain propor-
tion to the displacement. For instance: Tak-
ing a speed of 10 knots, a vessel displacing
from 7,000 to 8,000 tons will require about .23
of a horse-power indicated for each ton of dis-
placement. A vessel displacing 5,000 tons will
require from .32 to .35, horse-power for
each ton of displacement; 3,000 tons from .40
to .45 horse-power for each ton of displace-
ment, and a vessel of 2,000 tons will require
from .50 to .60 horse-power for each ton of
displacement. Vessels of 1,000 tons require
from .60 to .70 horse-power for each ton dis-
placement, and in this connection I will state
that there seems to be not much of any differ-
ence whether the length of vessel is 4^ or 6%
times the breadth of beam. The power re-
quired varies but little, so that there must be
something in the economic propulsion of steam-
ers besides the comparative proportions of
length and breadth and inversed mid-ship sec-
tion to the area of the screw's disc. One point
here is that which I find has been entirely over-
looked, or at least I have never seen it referred
to, and that is the shape of the sectional lines
of a vessel, which are of really much more im-
portance than the shape of the water lines; in
fact, no particular attention need be paid to the
extreme sharpness of the water lines, provided
the sectional lines are shaped properly. By
sectional lines I mean vertical planes cutting
the vessel longitudinally from end to end, at
various distances from the center of the keel.
With merchant steamers, especially, it is de-
sirable to use the least fraotion of horse-
power per ton of displacement for a given
speed, and all the efforts have been apparently
in the direction of extreme length to breadth,
so that the water lines or horizontal planes
cutting the "vessel longitudinally may be, as
they are called, easy. This comes from the
fact that the motion of the water, when a vessel
is passing through it, is assumed to move al-
most entirely in a lateral direction, and no ap-
parent heed has been given to its vertical mo-
tion.
Mr. John Bourne, in his able treatise on the
screw propeller, seems to have overlooked this
important fact, as well as the comparatively
small difference in the relative efficiency of
long and short vessels, for he states in his
work on "The Screw Propeller" that the re-
sistance increases in different proportions with
long and short vessels, compared to their
breadths, and his expression that "the supe-
rior efficacy of long screw vessels over long
paddle steamers is mainly imputable to the par-
tial recovery of power by the screw" — shows
that the after body of propeller steamers
have usually been so proportioned that the
water has not had free access to the wheel in a
solid body, thereby allowing the screw to
create centrifugal action in the water, throwing
it up against the stern and raising a hill of
water down which the vessel slides. The very
foot of tho Bottling of a vessel by the stern
when under way seems to prove that the sup-
port is partially taken away, while at the same
time the water at the bow is raised up by its in-
ability to pass under the vessel easily, assisting
at the same time to raise the forward part.
And especially under these circumstances
should the screw be made comparatively small
in diameter, that it may only act on the column
of solid water which may come under the ves-
sel in the most direct line to the screw. In
calling your attention to this point, and also to
the importance of proper sectional lines, I have
no doubt you will be able to explain the com-
parative speed of some very fiat vessels, which
have quite full water lines.
The English war steamer AbouJcir, of
3,150 tons displacement, and whose length is
only 3.4 times her breadth, requires .5 of a
horse-power per ton of displacement for a
speed of 10 knots.
The Aurora, 3,498 tons displacement,
with a length 4.53 times her breadth, requires
.42 of a horse-power for each ton displacement,
a difference of .08 of a horse-power for each
ton of displacement, a difference of about 27
horse-power, or less than two per cent, of the
total horse-power required for a vessel whose
length is only 3.4 times her breadth.
The Bombay, whose length is 4.47 times
her breadth, requires with a displacement of
3,020 tons, .47 of a horse-power for each ton
displacement; and the Algiers, whose length
is 3.65 times her breadth, requires .34 of a
horse-power per ton of displacement; while the
Arethusa, whose length is 4.79 times her
breadth, requires with a displacement of 2,801
tons, .46 of a horse-power for each ton. The
Arrogant, whose length is 4.37 times her
breadth, requires .55 of a horse-power for each
too of displacement.
These records of trials made under
the most favorable circumstances for accuracy,
indicate that considerable variation, so far as
proportion of length to breadth is cone-- rued,
does not affect the power requiied, and that
there is some other point of more importance
to examine, »nd ihat, I think, will tfe-tound in
the sectional Hues— that i-*, when the length of
the vessel i3 proportioned to hepr draft, so that
easy sectional lines can bs formed witb even a
short floor, then the power does not materially
vary with variations ia the leDgth, the breadth,
orthe variations of the area of tbeioversed mid-
ships stction to the area of the screw's disc, of
course within certain limits, which are yet to
be determined. -
In conclusion 1 would state that all the ex-
periments which have yet been, made ten i *o
piove that there is very little ecoDom cal diff-
erence between a true screw and those of the
ujo.-t elaborate de>ign an i construction, and
not as much as there iu between wheels ot fair
lines and smooth surfaces, and those whose
surfaces are rough and lines unfair.
Mechanics' Institute— Tenth' Industrial
Exhibition.
The annual exhibitions under the auspices of
the Mechanics' Institute of this city have be-
come among the most notable events in our
local history, and every succeeding year are
looked forward to with increasing interest.
Each exhibition su/passes the preceding in the
number and value of articles displayed, and
the popular interest is evinced by the increased
attendance whioh marks its occurrence.
The opportunity offered by these exhibitions
for making known the great value of our nat-
ural productions, and the skill achieved by our
artisans and mechanics in utilizing them is
manifest, and one that is not lost sight of by
our manufacturers, miners and agriculturists.
Last year the increased demands for more
room and larger facilities resulted in the erec-
tion of the mammoth pavilion in whioh the
ninth annual exhibition was held. 'This build-
ing, situated on Eighth street between Mission
and Market, is, we believe, the largest devoted
to a like purpose in the United States, and
will have its only equal iu the structure to be
erected in Philadelphia to mark the centennial
of our national existence.
The pavilion as originally constructed has a
frontage on Mission street of 201 feet, and the
same on Market The length of the build-
ing is 541 feet on Eighth street. It contains
6,287,000 cubic feet of space between its walls,
has four acres and a half of flooring, and cost
upwards of §100,000 in gold. To this mam-
moLh structure there is now being built on the
north side an addition to be known as the Hor-
ticultural Garden. At the last exhibition the
horticultural and floral display was arranged
in the side of the pavilion at the right of the
entrance in front of the department especially
devoted to machinery. Although the display
iu both these depariments was creditable, the
management felt that each was more or less
trenching upon the other, and consequently
have reserved all the lower portion of this Bide
of the building for machinery, giving two hun-
dred feet additional for that department,
the shafting being extended the whole length,
affording vastly better facilities, which, no
doubt, will be duly appreciated by our manu-
facturers, and result in a much finer display
than in any previous year. The Horticultural
Garden is an addition two hundred feet in
length by a width of seventy-five feet. The
sides are constructed of wood, but the roof, in-
stead of being like the pavilion proper, is cov-
ered with canvas stretched upon the arched
timbers. This arrangement is believed to be
in many respects superior for the purpose for
which the Garden is designed. Although not
nearly completed, progress is far enough ad-
vanced to afford an idea of what the visitor
will realize when he comes to see the interior
prepared for his reception. A broad entrance
from the pavilion leads into the Garden. Filty
feet of the front, extending the entire width, is
paved with tile of varied tints, and will be set
apart more especially for the pomological and
floral display; the fruit, cut flowers, etc., being
placed upon tables arranged for the purpose.
A descent of two steps and the main walk di-
viding passes around a circular enclosure, in
the center of which a fountain will be located.
Other walks are being laid out, fountains and
rockeries arranged, and the whole interior
beautified and adorned with the choicest
shrubs, plants and flowers. The Garden will
be under the direct control of the Institute, and
to give the public an idea of what they may ex-
pect, it is but necessary to add that the plan of
arrangements is the work of Mr. A. P. Hall,
the well known landscape architect, aud that Mr.
it. B. Woodward is Chairman of the Commit-
tee in charge. The additional space under
cover acquired by the construction of the Gar-
den is 24,500 feet. Three thousand square
yards of canvas will be used for the roof.
Last year the exhibition was attended by
700,000 visitors, and there is reason to believe
that the number will be nearly doubled at the
one this season, and a good portion ot these
visitors will be new-comers. It is therefore
for the interest of our producers and manufac-
turers to exert themselves to make a display
which will be a credit to them and to the re-
sou* ces of our State. It has been deoided to
award preminws tu exhibitors as f How*, viz.:
16 gold medals, 50 si ver meda s, Socutj
d plomas, ceil ncat^s of n-etit, and special pre-
miums as the Board may determine.
The exhibiion will open on the 17th of Au-
gust at 11 a.m. Mr. J. H. Cuiver, the 0 -ur-
ttous and- competent Secretary of the Institute,
is prepared 10 rec ive application^ for sp^c*-
snd afiWd info mat on tu parties interested.
He may be addre^ed orcau be se-n during
busiuet-s hours, at his < ffice, 27 Post street.
We earnestly hope thai th-i tenth anuuil ex
bibitiou of the Me hanics' Ins itnte may p ove
a worthy reflex of tue woude fal growth and
prospeii y whioh marts the career of the
Golden State.
Jatents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. 3. Patents Is-
sued to Paclnc Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Repobts fob the Mining and Soien.
tifio Phebh, DEWEY & 00., Publisher!) and
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch. Dated "Wash lust on,
D. 0., April 13, 1875.
Fob Week Ending Maboh 30.
Steam Genebatob.— Sebra R. Mathewson, Gil-
ioy, Cal.
Rotary Revebsing and Cdt-opf Valve. — John
C. H. Stut, S. F., Cal.
Oee Obtjsheb. — David Trumbull, Jr„ Coulter-
ville, Cal.
Gage Qudlteb and Gobdeb. — George Vincent,
Stockton, Cal.
Guide Attachment fob Sewing Machine
Peesseb Feet. — George Vincent, Stockton,
Cal.
Fibe-Alabm Regibteb. — Daniel T. Phelps and
Charles W. Edmunds, S. F , Cal.
Tbade-Mabk.
Fob Pbepabation to be Used on Sheep. — Red-
ington, Hostetter & Co., S. F„ Cal.
*The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after the date of issue.
Note. — Copies of IT. S. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest tune possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific ooast inventors transacted with
erfeot security and in the shortest possible time.
Mining Patents Issued. — The following min-
ing patents have recently been issued :
Calfornia. — Alpine county — Lady Franklin
silver mining company. Lady Franklin gold
and silver quartz mine. Buite county — D. C.
Baldwin, Murphy's ravine diggings. N. D.
Rideout and Wm. S. Smitlj, Porter quartz
mine. El Dorado county — C. Weiseland J. N.
Nicolvison, Last Chance quartz mine. Levi
Shepard, Rose quartz mine. Nevada connty —
B. Devanport, Eagle quartz mine. Mono county
— S. A. F. Bryant and Geo. R Porter, Dunder-
berg mine. Yuba county — J. P. Brown et al.t
Nevada mining company's placer. Napa
county — J. M, Hamilton et al., Napa Quaker
mine, quicksilver.
Nevada. — Eureka county — W. W. McCoy,
lone and Grant lodes.
Oregon. — Baker county — Charles Green,
Monumental lode.
Utah. — Salt Jjake county — General Hardie,
Fairview mine. B. M. Durell et al, Kempton
mine. Tooele county— E.H.Shaw, Last Chance
mine. E. S.Blackwell, Miners' Delight mine.
Box Elder county — Lloyd Aspinwall, Morning
Star, Rising Star, Red Cloud, Independence,
Confidence, Empire, and Tecoma mines.
In the Lady Washington mine, on the Com-
st<»ck, the h^avy budy of water encountered
bein^ fouud-d fificult to reduce with preaeut ap-
p i m< es. it was concluded b st not t > cootoi d
wi*h it until a first-uhtss pump can be brought
I to bear in the ca*»e. The wat?r is now 120 fet t
j deep in the shalt, but will have to get out of
\ that in due time.
The New English Patent Bill, introduced by
the Lord Chancellor into the House of Com-
mons, will probably, with some modifications,
become a law. The subject of patent reform
has been debated in England for about fifteen
years, and this bill will probably prove the
fir.- 1 step of the English Government towards
the American system of examination previous
to granting patents. We would c-Ul attention
to the fact that it is provided that an applica-
tion for an English patent must be made within
six months after the date of a patent for the same
invention granted in any other country. Those
who have American inventions already patented
here, and which they desire to patent in Eng-
land, will be deprived of the privilege if at the
time the new law goes into force their Ameri-
can patents shall have been issued six months.
The Segregated Gold Hill, on the Oomstock,
is an old location west of the Imperial, formerly
worked to good advantage, but after lying idle
through indifferent and bad management, it is
now, under new hands, being brought out right
The old shaft, which is about 400 feet deep,
will be made available.
The "Prospeot," an old location on the
Comstock, lying about 3,000 feet west of the
Occidental, after lying idle for some years, is
now to be worked. A large new working shaft
of three compartments is now being started
about 1,000 feet east of the croppings.
SYMPTOMS OF C4TARRH.
Obstruction of nasal passages, discharge falling into
throat: aomtt me* profuse, watery, anrid, or thick and
tenacious, mucous, purulent bl ody, pntid, onVn-ive,
eic. In ' them a dr>n< ss, weak or inflttmed eyes, ring-
ing in ears, dea'ness, ulcerations, «cabs from uloers,
voire altered, nasal twarig, off -naive breath, impaired
smell and tusie, <to. Few only of above symptoms
likely t < be present in any oa=e at one ti ■■■e
To cure- take Dr Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery
earnestly, to ■ orri-ct the blood and 8 \ stem, which are
al wnys at fault also to mt -peoifleally, as it does, npon
The diseased gland* and lining membrane of the nose
and its communi-ating chamber*. The more I see of
rbis odious disease, the ns re positive is my bMief that
if we would make treatment perfectly successful in
curing it, we murt use constitutional treatment to act
through he bio d, ai well as a soothing and healing
local » pp 1 1 cation. Dr. Hage's Ca'arrh Remedy, when '
used warm and applied with Dr. Pierce's Nisal Douche,
effects cures npon common sense, rational and sci<n-
tjfio principles, "by its mild, soothing and healing prop*
erties to which the disease gradually yit-Hs when the
system has been pnt in perfect order by the use of the
Golden Medical Discovery. This is the only perfectly
safe, scientific and mccessTiil modi of acting upon and
healing it.
Discover*, Ontarrh Remedy and Douche are sold by
dealers in medicines the woild ovtr.
WoonwAsn's Gardens embraces an Aquarium, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Bkatius; Sink.
April 17, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
261
Silver in Montana— Concentrating.
We have received a package of specimens
from the famous Legal Tender mine, Jefferson
county, Montana. The different characters of
ore in the specimens will yield (assay valne
per too) silver from $500 to $15,000. Sume
clear raby silver ore from this mine aisayH
$41,000 per ton. Toe main shaft of the mine,
one of the most prominent in Montana, is now
down 430 feet; levels have been run every 60
or 70 feet. The work of running the 300 and
966-ft levels is bemg pushed, and a distance
of 150 feet each way from the abaft is expected
to ba made early this Bummor. Stopeiug
above the 230-ft level is now in full blast, and
the owners say it pretit-nts a goo 1 wall of very
rich ore. la the bottom of tbe shaft they now
nave a two-foot vein of fiao ore, containing
ruby and native silver.
A lG-borne power eugine does all the work of
hoisting water, waste and ore in 40-gallon tubs.
Fael cousumed, one cord of wood in -24 hoars,
at a cost of $2.75 per ton. From 80 to 100
men will be empluyed at the miue tuis soakoo.
A large proportion of the ore raised is pr. paved
Tor ma'ket oy a process of wet concentration,
rh* works for that purpose consist of five Cor-
nish break-staff jigs and tye, with a 10x3 No.
"A" n*w pattern Blake crusher, ran by a tun-
horse power engine. The capacity of concen-
trating is from 10 to 15 tons per day, of ore as
it oomts from the mine. This ore is especially
kdapted for this mode of separating it from the
gangue. By thia method of separation they
mtke five grades of shipping ore, ranging in
uaay value from $200 to $1,200 per ton. The
better grades carry from 50 to 70 per cent, of
lead. Toe lower grade is a zinc blende, sepa-
rated in the fine jigs from the rich galena.
All the ore assaying from $200 and upwards
s shipped via Corinue or the Missouri river to
Hew York, and thence to Freiburg, Germany.
Shipments from the mine this season will be
'rom 400 to 500 tons. The shipping season is
'torn April 1st to November 1st. Up to the
jlose of last season Messrs. Lewis & Bnel, own-
Mrs of the mine, had shipped from it $259,159.
The total approximate value of ore raised from
he mine up to the 1st of April last is about
B328.O00 They want a branch railroad badly
from the Central Puoific into Montana, to give
mine owners an outlet, and the production of
I silver ores will be increased ten-fold in less
ithan ten years. Mine owners there are very
pi sanguine, and only want proper transportation
l (facilities to assist them.
Mining Decision— Locations.
It will bo seen that the Secretary states that1
" miners' location notices should not be held
to technical accuracy, but are sufficient if they
put an honest inquirer in the way of finding
the lode." This is nothing more than proper
but miners should nevertheless take the utmo-t
care in preparing their location notices bo that
they may stand tiny possible litigation. By all
means, moreover, have your records made im-
mediately. Record of location notices, in the
absence of a district recorder, should be made
with the proper recorder of deeds for tbe county
in which the claim is situated. Tbe affidavits
of at least two disinterested persons that all re-
quirements of the Congregeasional and locaT
laws have been complied with, should also be
recorded. We will shortly publish the proper
form for location notice**, etc., requisite under
the Mining Act of May 10, 1872, which we ad-
vise our mining friends to cut out and preserve.
The Act of Congress of May 10, 1872, expressly
provides that tbe location must be distinctly
marked on the grouud, so that its boundaries
can be readily traced and that all records of
mining claims shall contain the names of
locators, date of location, and minute descrip-
tion to the claim or claims located by reference
to some natural object or permanent monu-
ment a-i will identify the claim. Under all laws
and regulations, whether locul or general, the lo-
cation of a cluim in such a manner as to give
notice to all the world of the nature and extent
of the same, is not only indispensable, but in
most cases mining claims are initiated thereby,
and all subsequent proceedings -ire baaed upon
and must conform to suoh location.
In the Consolidated Virginia mine the ore
breasts on both the 1400 and 1500-ft levels are
looking well and yielding splendidly. The
mine is being worked throughout in the most
complete and systematic mmner possible, the
ores being extracted without regard to their
character, just as it comes, the rich and the
poor together. The mills are all kept steadily
running, each having a large reserve of ore on"
hand, and the prospects are certainly very fa-
vorable for an increase of the yield for the
present month to $2,000,000.
Heavy new machinery is being put in place
on the Florida mine, on the Comstock, and
sinking the Bbaft has been temporarily bob-
peuded until the necessary change of hoisting
arrangements is completed.
The new hoisting macninery of the Troy
Consolidated mine, Washoe, is all in place and
ready to start up.
METALS.
[WBOLUiLl.]
Thcbidat M., April 16. 1875.
American Pis Iron, ft too — — <£ 46 00
Scotch I'i* lrun/r ton 46 U0 u, 4b iW
White Pig. * ton fi 40 00
Oregon Pig, ft ton @ 40 00
Koftm.il Bar. b»d fcaaortmont. Y t> w, - »S
Rsnned B»r, Rood **iortm«ol, >J ft ftp— 4
Boiler, No. 1 t0 4 S— 6S
Plata, No. StoS © — AS
Bfaettt. No. H' to 1 4 « — Vv
Sheet.No. lOto&l — SS» — *vi
Sheet. No. 22 to 34 — 6 ft— v..
Sheet, No, i6 to 23 — 6'i<§) - 1
Horse SBou», yer kotc. iS) m 8 00
Nail Rod — 10 (&
Norway Iron — 9 <u
Rolled Iron — 6 '3
Other I roils (or BUukemitha, Mi nan. etc. ■<* — 4 St
UOPPKU.—
Braziers' — tt @ — -
Copper Tln'd — tlWZ -m t
O'NIoI'b Fat - SIS* — 4
Sheathing, 'f lb -- 40 a, — M
Sheathing, Yellow a — 35
Sheathing. Old Yellow ® — 13S
Composition Naile — 24 @
Composition Bolt* — 'U & — —
10x14 I O Charcoal 12 00 @ 12 50
iOxH 1 X (,'hn.rcoal 14 00 l<D 14 50
Rooting Plate I O Charcoal 11 00 (5) II 50
Banca Tin 30 00 fc? 32 00
Australian 28 00 «& SO 00
STKEI..— English Oast, T* ft - 30 @ - 'ift
Anderson A Woods' American Cast. @ — 16*4
Drill S — 16S
FlutBar — 18 M — 2U
Plow Steel - 9&T— 10
ZiHO @- 11
Zinc Sheet 7x3 ft. No " tn 10 f ft « — 11
do do 7x3 it. No 11 to 14 % — US
do do 8x4 ft. No 8 to 10 (3 — 11!*
do do 8x1 ft, No 11 to 10 @ - 12
Naii^— Aasorted sizes 4 25 id BOO
QoiOKSrLVF-R, per ft 65 — @ — Ho
BYRNES.
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
ooeio of advertising and expenses ofialo.
Lulls YKSARIA. SeoreUrr.
Office, Northwest corner Pino and Sansotne utreoU. San
Francisco, California.
Manhattan Marble Company of Califor-
nta. Location of principal plaoe of business, San Fran-
cisco, California. Location of works, Oakland, Alameda
county. State of California
Notion is hereby itivon, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held "ii the 30th day of March, 1H7\ an assessment
(No. 7) of five dollars per snare was levied upon the oapital
stock *>f the corporation, rnyuhle immediately, in United
Kiates eold cuId, to the Secrutnry of the company, at his
office, Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, bon Francisco, Cali-
fornia.
Any stock upon which thin assess ment chat) remain nn-
pnid on the JOtli day of April, l«75 .shall be deemed de-
linquent mil advertised for hale at public auction, nod
utile-"* payment is made bef> re. will be sold on Monday,
the 17th day of May. 1876, st IS o'olOCI m., to pay the delm-
Quont iuh esment, together with costs of advertising and
expenses of sale.
L L ALEXANDER. Secretary.
Office, Nom. 13 and 15 Fremont stunt, San Francisco
California
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal place of business. San Kranotsco, California
Location of works, Grass Valley Townthip, Nevada.
.that at n mcetlne of the Board
corporntl'n, heir] on tue 16th day of
County, California.
Notice te hi reby given
of Trustees of said corp_ .
.March. 1H75, an u-sesamein iNo. 3) of one dollar per share
was levied upon thecapitsl stock of tiaid company, paya-
ble immediately, in gold coin of the United States of
America, to the Sooretirj'. at the ofllce of the cimpaov,
room 8, No. 315 California utreej, San F ancise.o, C&lilurnis.
Any hi ■■"■ k upon which eaid assessment shall remain un-
paid on Wednesday, the 21st day of April. 1*75, will be
adverti-od nn that day as delinquent, an ' unless payment
-hiill be made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th
day of May, 1875, to. pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with costs of advertising and exneogea of sale.
J.F.NE8MITH, Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 California Btreet, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Princi-
pal place of business, San Francisco, State of Califor-
nia. Location of works, Kearsarge Mining Distriot,
Inyo County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the ITt n day of February, 1875, an
assessment of five cents per share was levied upon the
capital ^tuck of (he corporation, payable immediately. In
United State* gold and silver com, to the Secreiary, at
the office of the Company, in San Francisco.
Any stock upon Which this assessment shall remmn un-
paid on the lith day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless pavment
is made before, will be .-aid on Thursday, the 17th day of
June, 1675. to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINOARD, Secretary.
Office— Room 13, No. 3t6 California street, San Francisco
u.
I A full publication of the voluminous decision
pf tbe Secretary of the Interior has been made
boncerniog the Highland Chief mine, in Utah,
bo far as it conflicts with the Prince of Wales,
Wandering Boy and Antelope companies' lo-
cations. The following important principles
[are established by this decision, viz. : Where
there are no adverse interests, a patent for a
pine will not be disturbed, notwithstanding ir-
jregularitie3 in issuing it. Where an applicant
for a patent relinquishes the question of his
premises embraced in an adverse claim, further
proceedings before the Department will not be
ptayed. The only question before the Courts
in mining application contests is the right of
possession to the premises in dispute. Appli-
cants for a patent should not suffer by the neg
lect of duty of any officer. He cites Railroad
ifva. Smith, 9 Wall, 99. The application of the
Highland Chief did not, but tbe patent did, in-
(elude a part of the Prince of Wales. The final
survey and the patent of the Highland Chief
did not follow the application. In mining cises
consent cannot give jurisdiction; there must be
si substantial compliance with tbe statute.
[Miners' location notices should not be held to
technical accuracy, but are sufficient if they pat
nn honest inquirer in the way of finding the
Giode. Parole evidence is admissible to define
.[what tract is embraced in a location. It is too
late, after a patent is if?sned, to make objection
that publication of notice was not in exact com-
pliance with the statute of July 26, 1866. Proof
jof publication which states that notice was
published for a period of ninety days, com-
raencing at a certain date, is prima facie suffi-
cient. A clerical error in a Register's final cer-
tificate of a mineral entry, in an owner's name,
'as Batterfield instead of Butterwood, does not
affect the validity of a patent issued under the
name of Butterwood.
The decision of the Secretary of the Interior
in favor of the Bullion company against the
420 mining company, lays down the following
principles of importance to mine owners: Suit
must be brought by an adverse claimant
against the applicant for patent. Pendency oi
3uit commenced by an applicant against an ad-
verse claimant does not excuse compliance
with the requirement, as until decided by the
District and Supreme Courts of the State on
right of possession, it is one which has not
been finally adjudicated in Courts of compe-
tent jurisdiction; and an appeal to the Supreme
Court of the United States should not further
atay proceedings bt-fore the department. Where
parties appear as friends of the Court {amid
curies), the law should be more liberally con-
strued in favor of the applicants for a patent
than if there were adverse claimants inthdoase.
Under the statute of 1866, the application for a
patent was not required to be sworn to, and
should not be held invalid for not specifying
the exact surface ground claimed, provided the
local law did not limit the surface ground at
•the date of location.
S. Mineral Land Laws,
TJnd er the
And. Instructions and Forms
Same.
We have just issued a pamphlet containing the gen-
eral mineral land laws of the TJni ted States, with In-
structions of the Commissioner of the Land Office.
The contents of this pamphlet comprise all of the Gov-
ernment lawB with relation to mineral lands of inter-
est to the mining community, as follows: Mining
Statute of May 10th, 18*2, with Instructions by the
Commissioner of the Land Office; Mining Statute of
July 26th, 1866; Mining Statute of July 9th, 1870.
Forms required under Mining Act of May 10th, 1872, as
follows: Notice of Location; Bequest for Survey; Ap-
plication for Patent; Proof of Posting Notice and Dia-
gram of the Claim; Proof that Plat and Noyce remained
Posted on Claim during Time of Publication; Regis-
ters' Certificate of Posting Notice for Sixty Days; Agree-
ment of Publisher; Proof ef Publication; Affidavit of
$500 Improvements; Statement and Charge of Fees;
Proof of Ownership and Possession in Case of Loss or
Absence of Mining Records; Affidavit of Citizenship;
Certificate that no Suit Is Pending; Power of Attorney;
Protest and Adverse Claim; Non-Mineral Affidavit;
Proof that no Known Veins Exist in a Placer Claim,
etc. There is also given the V. 8. Coal Land Law and
Regulations thereunder. The work comprises thirty
pages, and will be sold, post-free, for fiO cents. It
should be In the hands of every one having
any mining interests. DEWEY & CO.,
Publishers of Mining and Scientific Phe ss, S. F.
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
tbe country promptly attended to. All hinds of Ptuir
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
(lijiipg awl Other Compapie&.
Benjamin Mill and Mining Company — Lo-
cation of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal-
ifornia Location of works, Devil's Oate District, Lyon
County, Nevada.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the Uth day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment. No. 2, of ten cents per -bare was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable on the 21st day of
April. 1875, In United states gold coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the company, Room 7, 401 California street,
San Franoisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 22a day of May, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 14th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with aosts of advertising and expenses of sale. By order
of the Board of Directors.
LEANDER LEAVITT, Secretary.
Office, Room 7, 401 California street, San Francisco, Cal
Theresa Mill and Mining Company. —
Principal place of business, San Francisco, fitare of Cal-
ifornia. Location of works, Coulterville District, Mari-
posa County, California.
Notice is hereby a i ven that at a meeting of the Board of
Direotors, held on the l.nh day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty cents per share was levied opon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable Immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, to the i^eorctary, at
the office of the Company, Room 16, 408 California street,
Sao Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 14th day of April, 1675, will be delinquent, and
advertised tor sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be eold on Saturday, the first Jay of
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
B. K. HIOKOX, Secretory.
Office— Room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California.
POSTPONEMENT.— The time when the above assess-
ment will become delinquent is postponed until tbe
twenty-fourth (21th) day of April, and the sale of Btock
for delinquency is postponed until Tuesday, the eleventh
(11th) day of filay, 1875, at the same hour and plnce above
mentioned. B. F. HICKOi, Secretary.
San Francisco, April lith, 1875.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Principal p. ace of business, San Francisco.
Cal. Location of works, Nashville, EI Dorado county
Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 1st day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment of fifty (50) cents per share was levied upon the cap-
ital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in U. d.
gold and silver coin, to the secretary at Lho office of the
company. Any stock upon which this assessment shall
remain unpaid on the 3d day of May 1*75, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and un-
less payment Is made beiore. will be sold on Tuesday, the
18th day of May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together wttb costs of advertising and expense of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Sec'y.
Office, 408 California street, room 16.
LEATHER.
[WHOLESALE.]
Ofty Tanned Leather, fy m 2§§2$
Santa Oruz Leather, » In , 268*9
Country Leather, * tt» f$@£
Stockton Leather,* lb v:;,-^^2??™2?
Jodot,8 Kil., perdoz »™ Jjg S4»»
Jodot 11 to i3T«l„per doz .'■ f„«m,J9 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil. perdoz .82 00991 00
Jodot, eeoond ohoioe, 11 to 16 Kil. $ doz Si OOto ii 00
Oornellian, 12 tol6Ko « »«@ 67 00
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 " ma 67 on
Cornoll.an Fjmalen. 11 to- 16 Kil 71 OOg .6 50
Simon Ullmo FemaleB, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00® 6J 00
Simon Ullmu Females, U to 15, Kil 70 OOffl ,2 M>
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 OCU 75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,* doz 61 00S) 63 oo
Simon 20 Kil. * doz ff fog 67 00
Simon! 21 Kil.* doz 72 00® il 00
aobertOalf,7and9Kil 3? 00W WOO
French Kips, * H> J SS%, J 5
California Kip,* doz ••• « '«WI P »
Frenoh Sheep, all colors, * doz '"S ■? ™
Eastern dalf for Backs, * B 1 00« 1 20
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, * doz. . . . 9 00» 13 00
Sheep Roans for Lininga,* doz 5 509 10 SO
California RnBsett Sheep Linings 1 75® 4 50
Beet Jodot Oalf Boot Legs, * pair 5 009 5 25
Oood French Clalf Boot Legs. * pair 1 OOSS 4 75
FrenohOalf Boot Legs.* pair 4 008) - -
HarneBS Leather, * to 301? 17),
Fair Bridle Leather, * doz 48 IN 9 72 00
Skirting Leather, * ft <n 3Jf 37«
Welt Leather,* doz 30 00a 50 OO
Buff Leather, * foot 17©
Wax Side Leather. * foot 17SB
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected "Weekly by Oharlbs Suteo & Co.]
Legal Tendebb in S. F., 11 a. m., 87)s to 88.
Goto Babs, 890. Siltee Bars, 4 aud 4J£ per cent dia-
Exc'hanoe on N. T., M per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, \% and 2 per cent, discount.
Currency, 14 per cent. On London— Bankers, 49Mi : Com-
mercial, 49,^. Paris,5franos per dollar. '
London — Console, 93 to 93i£; Bonds. 106; Liverpool
Wheat9s. 3d.; 9e. 7d. ; Olnb 9s. Sd. ; 93.11
QtnaKBtLVEB an S. F., by the flask, per ft,
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
panv.— Prinoipal place of business, San Francisco. Cali-
fornia. Location of works, Kelaey Mining District, El
Porado County, California.
Notice is hereby given. Hiatal a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the Uth day of March, WIS, an assess-
ment (No. i) of Ten (10) cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold and silver oof n, to the Secretary,
at the office of the Company, 531 California street, San
Francisco, Cal-
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 26th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unlesa
f>ayment is made before, will be sold on Monday, the
7th day of May 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment
together with costs of advertising and expenses of Bale.
\VM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California Btreet, San Francisco
Cal. ^_____
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Prin-
cipal place of business, San Francisoo. Location of
works, Lower Rancharia. Amador county, Cal.
Notice la hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 26th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty-five cents per share was levied upon tbe
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and silver com, to the Secretary, No
116 Leidesdorff street. San Francisco, Cal.
Aiit stock upon which this assessment shall remain tin-
paid on the 24th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and uuIchb payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th day of
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costB of advertising and expenses of sale.
"W AUG. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office, 116 Leidcsdorff street, San Francisco, Cal.
Keystone Quartz Mining Company— Prin
cipal place of business, San Francisco, California. Lo-
cation of workB, Butte Township, Sierra county, Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that ata meeting of the Board of
Di recto iB, neld on the 8th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 4) of one dollar i *: > per share was levied upon
the capital dtock of tbe corporation, payable immediatuly,
in United Stales gold coin, to tbe Secretary, at the office
of thu company, northweBt corner Pine and San ome
streets, San FranciBco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 19th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
la made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th day of
Tuolumne Hydraulic Mining Company. —
Location of principal place of business. City and
Count? of San Francisco, State of California. Loca-
tion of works, Tuolumne county, State of California.
- Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment No. 4 levied
on the 23d day of February, 1875, the several amounts
set opposite the names of the respective shareholders,
as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
John Hahn 1 25 5 00
EVanSanten, Trustee.... 2 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 3 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 4 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 5 100 20 00
EVanSanten, Trustee.... 6 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 7 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee. ... 8 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 9 100 20 00
E Van Santen.Trustee.... 10 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 14 100 20 00
E Von Santen, Trustee 15 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 16 100 20 00
E Van Santen, TruBtee 17 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee.... 18 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 19 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 20 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 21 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 22 100 20 00
E Van Santen, Trustee 23 100 20 00
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 24 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 25 100 20 00
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 26 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, TruBtee... 27 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 28 100 20 00
Camilo Martin. Trustee... 29 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 80 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 31 100 20 00
Oamilo Martin, Trustee... 82 100 20 00
Camilo Martin, Trustee... 33 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 42 600 100 00
Sidney Buckingham, 43 500 100 00
Sidney Buckingham 44 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 45 K:0 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 46 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 47 100 20 00
Sidney Buckingham 48 100 20 00
SDRStewart 62 1,000 200 00
SDR Stewart 63 1,000 200 00
SDRStewart 54 500 100 00
SDRStewart 65 600 100 00
E Weissig, Trustee 88 3,000 600 00
Isaac T Milliken 84 100 20 00
Charles Baum, Trustee... 85 750 150 00
WttTAalberlsberg.TruBtee 89 2,900 680 00
GeorgeWOlark notissued 6,000 1,200 00
E Kindman not issued 750 150 00
J T Machan not issued 3,000 600 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 23d day of February,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of such stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
the office of the company. Room 14, 302 Montgomery
street, San Francisco, California, on Saturday, the 17tn
day of April, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock, m., of
such day, to pay delinquent aBseaBments thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of the
Bale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretory.
Office— Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San Fran-
cisco, California.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above sale is hereby post-
poned until Monday, April 19th, 1875, at the same hour
and place above mentioned. By order of the Board of
Trustees, I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
m
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April i?, 187 S
Iron apd (Machine \V0rk3-
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 125 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO
E". I. CURBY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFAOTUBEBS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All tmas of JOBBINQ and REPABSINO promptly
attended to. 17y25-3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1668.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAH FKANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines; Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, LocomotivB
and Stationary ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris,
Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLaneL
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM. H.TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vl7-oy
PULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
KAfTOTAOTUBXHn OF
StKAH ENGINE©,
Quartz, Flour and Saw Mill©,
II tyes* Improved Steam Pimp, Brodle's Im-
proved Crniher, Ml<ila«r Pumps,
Amalgamators, and all kind*
of Machinery.
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fremont streets, above How.
street, Sao Franciaco. S-qy
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEIXSON & CO.,
HLi2TOrj.CTOKECB OT
NTEAM ENGINES* BOILEB8,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar's Patent Self- Adjusting' Steam Piston
P AC KI NG, for uavr and old Cylinders.
And all fa.ln.tl* of M Intuit Machinery.
Front Street, i)*tw<jcn W and O street*,
SACRAMENTO OlTT.
SHEET IKON PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IKON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheel?, with special
patterns for Mining Cars . These small wheels are made
of the heBt Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can he
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
Iff- All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
G. W. Pbescott.
I
W. R. Eokabt.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE. _-___-___ 0AL.
PRESCOTT & ECKAUT,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hois'ine Machinery, Saw and Griat Mill Irons, House
Fronts Car Wheels, and Coatings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AQENTS FOK THE
Burleigh Kock Drill Comoany.
-MANTJFACTUBEBS OP—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for FBlasting1, Putnam Ma-
. chine Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
AddreeH
PARKE «fc LACY,
310 California St., S. F.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mnsrara and Sotentifi Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OP 'WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See MnrrjSG and Scientific Pbess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientifio Presb, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-Sm . F. FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May SO, 18«8.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
<SIA.1NT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, 3VO. S,
:For medium and seamy Kock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use eaves from aO to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
AT* The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern StateB.
BANDMANU, NIELSEN & CO.,
vM-3ml6p General Agentn, No. 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANOTACTUREBS OF
X BV "F* IV* Th1 X ' ^-
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBINE
WATEE WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes .
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLDME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April l,lb7;J.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYETA9, 306 California St.. S. F.
0£y*8end fbr Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List — sent free
Jno. P. Rankin. Established 1850. A. P. Brattos
. Pacific Iron Works,
First Street, ... San Fbancisoo.
Geo. VT. Foge, Snpt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DE90KIPTIOJT.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERY
~, KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
GODDABD & CO., Props.
T. A. McCohmick. Oboab Lewis. J. McCobmick
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Particu-
lar attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 235 BEALE STREET,
Bet. Howard and Folsom streets, SAN FRANCISCO.
Empire Foundry,
Nob. 137, 139 and 141 Fbemont Stbeet, SaitFkanoisco,
EICHARD SAVAGE. Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts, Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Cuskets, Orates and
Fenders, Koad-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb BellB,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at iastorn rates. SHO £S
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences In large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
OO-OPEBATIVE.
First Street, oward and Folaom, Sun Francisco.
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St-,
Near Howard, - - - SAN PKANCISCO.
MANUEACTUBEBS OP
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Al6o manufacture and Keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B. — Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch .
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
S ... 1££ Flr»i iirect, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all umds of Braes, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kind:-, Spikes, Sheathing
Kails, Kudder Braces, Hinge s^hip and Steamboat Be- lis ana
GKmgsof superior tone. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and ■ 'ounce
tioiiH of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
19- I'RICES MODERATE. -**
J. H. WKED. V. KTW(»WKl>L
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Fibst Stbeet, - • Saw Fbanoiboo
3TEIGER & KERB,
IXfcOTST FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Boiler Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20V28.3m
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIBST STBEET, SAN FRANCISCO,
MA2TOFAOTUBE
Iron Castings and Machinery (
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould -Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c
Havingmuch experience in the business of the Re- t
duction of Ores, -vre are prepared to advise, under* i
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to t
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Roiling Mill Company,
BAN FHANCI800, UAL
Established for the Manufacture cr
RAtLROAO AND OTHER IRON
— API) —
tC-vei->' Variety oi ^halting,
Embracing ALL siZfcn ('
«lrmiiboi»i Stmfts, Cnmli., PI»ton uu:i t m
netting liodr,. Oar iLii.l Lfi«ot».>Uve AMci
and FraiiK-.!
- J.UK —
n \ vim r2ittci> i nous
Of every description am] size
a» Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, J". O. box 2032, San Francisco, Oal., will r«-
ocive prompt attention.
B®- The liiKhesi prioe paid for Scrap Iron.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt 'Works.
MANUPACTUBEBS OF ALL HINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band BcJts.
13, 15 and 17 Drnmm Street, San TtuijcIkco. 4>rtt41y
t
11
Onlifor-aia Machine w orlffii
119 BEA1E SiKEET, SAH FKANCISOO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUAETZ, SAW- AKt> FtOUTt MIL1S
Keating's Sack Printing Pressea,
The Ecokomy Htdbauxio Hoist fob Stoneb,
And Oeneral Machinists. 25v28-3m
McAFEE, SPIERS- & CO.,
BOILEK MAEEBii
AND OKMERAL, MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale. Ran Francisco
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, ete. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUKEKA FOUNDRY,
I'iU and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howad,
San Fnrncisco.
LlftSfT ANlt IIKAV1TCAJ9TIBHW1,
Of every deserimlon, ntannfactnred. a^vldor
MAGAZINES.
p;aj.
W. E. L00MIS,
94 Oj
300
6 00
600
15 00
A2TD STATIONEE,
Good Words
8. JB. coiner of SansomeUKl
Washington streets,
Literary Album
London Society.
All the Tear Round. .
Eastern Perodi cats
BYTES
Tear, Month, or Namber
(
April 17, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
263
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGttJNTES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
COOK, RYME1 k CO. '3 Celebrated Hoisting Engines have been too long
m bum <-u the Pacific Ooant to require any apeobJ recomuiendaUoii irum ns.
We refer with confidence to any one ol the hundreds now in u*e. We simply
state itiut tiny -nil sustain their old reputation, the manufacturer* not
having followed the now too common practice of reducing the quality of
uuteraal mid workrnauBblp for the t-akv of competing with cbeapet enginea.
For details of sUco bend for price list. We deaire to call particular attention
to our new
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the game parties.)
Which have just been Introduced on this Coast. The plana »Dd specifications
are the combined eflbxM of ouh most aoccKSsrur, umra Wqhtekbh, and the
result is the must complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING- ENGINE
Ever built. Tlielr advantages will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
the necessities of a mine. Ore of these engines niny be seen at work in the
Bebher mine, and one in the Opblr, on the Oometock lode, to both of which
we refer. o/'Wu bavu all Mixes of these engines constantly on hand, for
ttalu ouly at
TBEALWELL & CO.'S,
23vlD-eow-tf San Francisco. ca|
THE EXCELSIOR MINING PUMP
WITH EIOHt VEAJS' USE OF THIS PUMP WE CONFIDENTLY
Recommend its use for Mining and Prospecting.
V^- POLLERS
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
.Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase fn our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of t-teel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Diks superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent. cheaper than the beat iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Diks made excepting under our patent and
Bold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not outwear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies aro in use in many of the largest
mills on the Puciflc Coust, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to Iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Theiradvantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippiDgs, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
Address all orders, with 'dimensions, to
lv29-3m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO.. Boom 1, Academy Building, S.
\Tfl. V _ SUCCESSORS TO EAGLE WORKS M,F.G. CO- Vtf^^N— ■
..*d MILL*?
cy; pans and
T\^cJHiNr-Y>
' — O -^" F0R ■
- V- SYSTEMATIC
' ^WG.S^inLTjNr
II ..aMIKLi.. \l
^KS^SMP^i^
Tullocrvs Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Arc • X>iira/ble, Compact and
Cheap.
For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGKDZEIfcT,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
San Francisco uordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and moat improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and aiz.es. Con-
stantly on nandalarge stock of Manila Rope, all sizes:
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & COY.
e20 «tl and 613 Front street. San Franoisoo
No Agents are authorized to receive subscriptions for
this paper at less than our advertised rates.
Every Mechanic
Bhould have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated aud described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanios
and students, will find the work valuable far beyond
its cost. Published by Dewex & Co., Patent AgeutB
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press.
Price, post paid, $1.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 17, 187
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT.
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
P. 0. Box 168. San Francisco, Cal.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE PAOIFIC
. COAST FOR
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's Patent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's Emery Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co's bturtevailtJlxllail3„ailIor AUinov.
ins Shavings and Sawdust
Machinists' Tools,
from Machines.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
txhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
Over 7.50,0 in Successful "Use in the United
States.
DEWEY & CO.,
American and Foreign
latent
No. 334 Sansome St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
Patents Obtained Promptly.
Caveats Piled Expeditiously.
Patent Reissues Taken Out. •
Patents Secured in Foreign Lands.
Assignments Made and Recorded in Legal Form.
Copies of Patents and Assignments Procured.
Examinations of Patents made here and a
Washington.
Examinations made of Assignments Recorded
in Washington.
Examinations Ordered and Reported by Telb-
qbaph.
Interferences Prosecuted.
Opinions Rendered regarding the Validity oi
Patents and Assignments.
Rejected Cases taken np and Patents Obtained
Every Legitimate Branch of Patent Agency Bus-
iness promptly and thoroughly conducted.
Send for Ciboulab.
THE AMERICAN
TURBINE
Water Wheel.
Power Pledged Equal to
any Over-shot "Wheel
Ever Built.
Recently improved and submitted to thorough scien-
tific tests by James Emerson, showing the following
useful effect of the power of the water ntilized, being .
THE HIGHEST RESULTS EVER KNOWN.
Percentage of part gate, M E0.08; H 69.64; % 78.73
% 82.63; % 82.90. Percentage of whole gate, 83.14.
Mr. Emerson says: " These are the best aver-
age results ever griven by any Turbine Wheel
in my experience."
A splendidly illustrated descriptive catalogue, or any
further information desired, furnished on application to
TREADWELL & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
Sole Agents for the Pacific States and Territories.
18v29-eow-tf
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER.
TRADE j\ MA.THC.
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice is given to coasumers and shippers
that Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, cau be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or his duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B. RANI?OL, Manager,
New Almaden, April 6th, 1875.
Santa Clara, Cal., April 6th, 1875.
Messes, Dewey & Co.— QenUi— We have just received
Patfnt No. 160,535. for J. T. WatkinB & Co's Mammoth
Road Gradtr, which was patented through your Agen-
cy. It is the neatest and best that we have ever re-
ceived. We feel proud of it and thankful to you for the
care and attention that you have given it, and when
we have anything to do in that line of bueineBB we will
surely give you a call. Very respectfully,
J. T. Watktns & Co.
LOOK TO YOUR INTEREST!
MANUFACTURED BY THE
PACIFIC RUBBER PAINT
COMPANY.
For many years chemists and others have experi-
mented in mixing India Rubber with Oil, Lead, etc.,
in order to produce a perfectly
"WATER-PROOF PAINT,
And at last buccessful in their effort, have formed a
chemical combination of Rubber with oil paints,
which when applied becomes hard and elastic enough
not to crack or peel, from the action of the atmosphere,
with a gloss equal to work finished with varnish. The
Pacific Rubber Paint Company,
Of San Francisco, California, together with the RUB-
BER PAINT COMPANY, of Cleveland, Ohio, own all
the patents covering perfect combinations like the
above, which is known and sold by them as "Rubber
Paint."
The great demand for the Rubber Paint induced this
Company to purchase of the Cleveland, Ohio, and New
York Rnbber Paint Company, the patents for this
coast, and are now manufacturing this paint in all col-
ors, in large quantities, and have put. the price below
the beBt lead and oil paints. The Rubber Paint is
prepared in Pure White, in all Cottage and other
colors, comprising any number of different shad es and
put up ready for use, being a great advantage, as it can
be spread by any one.
It Flowa From the Brush Freely. Works
Easily, and Settles Promptly. It is avail-
able for all kinds of Fainting-,
And may be used with equal advantage on iron, atone,
wood, brick, or plaster.
The Rubber Paint will cover more surface, cover it
better, and last much longer than Lead and Oil. Two
coats of the Rubber Paint is better than three coats of
Ordinary Paint.
(©an Jose, Cat.., March 20, 1875.
Pacific Rubbeb IJaint Co., San Francisco. — Oentle-
men:— I have used nod sold the Rubber Paint in this
city during the lasWfbur years. We have about one
hundred buildings ^painted with the Rubber Paint.
Among the pronsysent ones are the State Normal School,
Gates Institute, City Market; the residences of Josiah
Belden, J. W-. Hinds, President Gold Note Bank, J. R.
Arquello, Santa Clara, etc. It has never failed to give
satisfaction, with a test of from one to four years, so
that its durability has been well tested. My saleB last
year were nearly five thousand gallons.
Truly Yours, Amaba Eaton.
REFERENCE:
OAPT. EDWIN MOODY, San Francfcco.
AMASA EATON, San Jose.
W1XLEY& RINALDO, San Jose.
WALLACE EVERSON, Oakland.
F. K. SHATTUCK, Oakland.
ISAAC KNOX, ESQ.
Office and Factory.
No. 207 Sacramento Street,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
ANdIeW DEFOREST,} Proprietors.
mar27-sa
Ant Person receiving this paper after giving an
order to stop it, may know that such order has failed
to reach us, or that the paper is continued inadver-
tently, and they are earnestly requested to Bend writ-
ten notice direct to us. We aim to stop the paper
promptly when itis ordered discontinued. tf
Thursday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early In the week as possible.
N. W. SPAULDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
MANUFAOTUBEB OF
S T» A. TJ JL, r> X N G '**
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most du able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wot»d.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect;
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FDKNISHED AT SHORT HOTICK
At the lowest Market Prices.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
DFOIt QUARTZ MIJOT^,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research andexperiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS, I
The highest and only prize of its claws given to an;
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS!
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION, ,
at their Fair In Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Powei
and the Sharpley Engines.
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
Durability
I>ie. fclioe.
Economy. ,
Will wear three times longer than any iron ShoeB.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and General Mining Machinery in all its
detail;:-, and Furnishers of Mining Supplies.
AU orders promptly filled.
MOREY & SPEEET,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited.
W. T. GARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
A
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANUTAOTUREBa OP
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
C A8TING8,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVEffiN AVB Ll.VD BELLS, OOSUS
PIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPB.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired-
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam WbistleB. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes,
Particular attention paid to Diatillery Work. Manufac-
turer oi " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
^Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP.
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
CATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory's Diamond
Catarrh Remedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Fran-
cisco, Oal., opposite Palace Hotel. Sold by all drug-
gists.
BAJRD'S
FOR PRACTICE MEN.
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRAOTI
CAL AND SOIENTIFIO BOOKS, 96 pages, 8vo., will tx
sent free of postage, to any one who will favor me witl
his address. HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
lCp Philadelphia,
Bubsgbtbebs who by mistake get two copies of thi
p aper, should notify us without delay.
.-■
Mi
■:
•!r.
Bl UKMKY Jv, CO.,
Patent &4ollt-ltox-s.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. APRIL 24, 1875.
VOLUME XXX
, Number l i .
Fitts Improved Road Steamer.
To move over a oomraon earth surface by
means of steam, without rail-, is not on easy
problem to solve; and a maobiue to accomplish
this ftat and at tbe same time perform labor,
mast combine lightness, compactness, traction
and a perfect control. A machine which the
inventor claims combines these characteristics,
is shown in the acoompanying engraving. The
bands of steel, in the rims of the driving wheels,
gives the most perfect traction of the driving
wheels to the surface and at the same time
furnishes all the elasticity neoessary for a ma-
chine of this kind. The smell steam pump
placed npon the top of the tank, and woiking
independently of the engines, will • draw the
water from a well or pond, fill the tank, feed
the boiler, or throw the water out of the tank
to a hight of 50 or 60 feet.
The connection of the gnide wheel with the
driving'shafts in>uoh> manner thatjthe^steam
Weitee's Assistant. — A shoit-band reporter
suggests that an arrangement of some kind for
moving paper along at intervals so as to pre-
sent a blank surface to the pen or pencil of the
writer, would be very useful. The apparatus
should also have a gnide for the hand of the
writer, and should not only move to the left but
np from the hand. It seems that something
of this kind is within the possibilities of me-
ohanioal construction. All who have much
Plumbago.
beveral veins of plumbago have recently been
discovered in the vicinity of Columbia, Tuol-
umne county. The Independent says but little
is yet known of their true value; but specimens
have been sent to Nuremberg, Bavaria, where
the celebrated Faber lead-pencil factory is lo-
cated, to have their merits passed upon. The
Call says that it is believed that the article will
TEE AMERICAN ROAD STEAMER.
out shows two views of| the American road
steamer, taken from a photograph of the
America
These steamers may be built of different size
and capacity. The dimensions of tbe one
shown — the America — are as follows: Boiler,
38 inches by 6 feet 6 inches; driving wheel, 66
inches in diameter by 10-inch face; guide
wheel, 31 inches in diameter by 6-inch face;
cylinders, 7 inches in diameter by 10-inch
(stroke; capacity of water tank, 250 gallons; of
full bunkers, for 10 hours labor; width of track,
76 inches; length of steamer, 10 feet; total
weight, ready for labor, about five tons; pulling
oapacity, 15 to 20 tons upon tracks.
These steamers are designed and built with
special reference to their adaptation to all the
various uses that a self-moving power may he
applied, such as hauling heavy loads, plowing,
reaping, threshing grain, sawing wood, etc.
The inventor claims that the arrangement of
the rubber blocks in pockets, surrounded by
will turn this wheel in any direction by simply
moving a lever, places the steamer under easy
control of the driver. By blocking up the driv-
ing wheels and placing a baud upon them, the
machine is converted into a stationary engine,
and may be used as such for any purpose de-
sired. These engines are geared to about
three miles working speed, but this may be in-
creased by giving the cylinders more steam.
Tbe inventor slates that the supply of fuel for
the America for ten hours' labor is 500 pounds
of coal, but Ihe consumption of course depends
upon the size of the steamer and the amount
ot labor performed. Arrangements have been
made with the Baldwin Locomotive Works for
the construction of these machines, and they
can be furnished at short notice. The inventor
is desirous of introducing these engines in
the mining sections lor trucking and other
work. Those desiring further information on
this subject can address George W. Fitts, 333
Walnut street, Philadelphia.
writing to do in the way of note-taking would
find it a great convenience to have something
of this sort, which would enable them to write
rapidly, and at the same time keep their eyes
on the witness, lecturer or other speaker. The
apparatus would have to be light, portable and
simple in construction. It should also be
capable of quick adjustment, to move fast or
slow according to the requirements of the occa-
sion. Now that we have writing machines, it
does seem as if such an apparatus as we speak
of would not be difficult to construct. Here is
a chance for soma ingenious individual to try
his hand on an invention.
A new side branch of the railroad to deliver
machinery and supplies at the Caledonia mine,
on the Comstock, is being surveyed and will
soon be pushed to completion. This road will
also supply the Overman mine, and can with a
very little. trouble be extended across Gold
canyon to the New York and Lady Washington
mines. «»
only be useful for stove-polish and foundry
purposes, as it contains too much foreign mat-
ter to be good for pencils.
Thi) is exactly what is the matter with all the
plumbago we have found on this coast. None
ot it is pure enough and even the poorest qual-
ity is scarcer than most people suppose. Works
were established in this city some time since to
manufacture crucibles and they have never been
able to get enough plumbago to do any work.
They get their plumbago from the East and
England to make their crucibles and although
there has been a great deal of talk about plum-
bago mines none of th9 product of any value
hascjineto light. The proprietors of these
works stand ready to purohase all that is of
proper quality that they can get, but as yet no
one has presented himBelf with any samples
worth having. ^___
The Eeno Journal is informed that Mackey
& Fair contemplate building a narrow gauge
railroad from Virginia City to Reno.
I
266
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 24, 1875
Short Lectures on Patents.
BY. JNO» L. BOONE,
jtfo. 1,— Foe the Mining and Scientific Pbess.
To Invent is to Think.
The process of originating a new idea is the
same process as that required to plan houses,
railroads and all manner of enterprises; the
same that accumulates fortunes, and rales
nations. Every person who adds to his own
fortune or the public growth does so by a sys-
tem of invention not dissimilar to that. required
to produce a new mechanical movement, a new
combination of devices, or to originate a new
mechanical principle.
It has been said that no man invents a com-
plete machine without aid from others; that
an invention is an accumulation of ideas from
many persons. Necessity compels thought.
Circumstances control necessity. One man
suggests ; another criticises. Ideas accu-
mulate until some lucky thinker makes the
last suggestion that spans" the chasm and the
invention is complete. The question arrises,
Who Made the Invention ?
Our patent law says that the first person who
produces a complete working embodiment of
the invention and applies for a patent therefor
is to be considered as the first inventor. In
-fact it is a race in which the first person who
reaches the goal wins the prize. And this is as
it should be. No other allotment would be just.
But before the • inventor can successfully
carry off the prize Jie must first comply with
certain
Legal Requirements.
He muat not only invent but he must explain
his invention to the public by filing a complete
description, drawings and model in the United
States Patent Office, so that when the time of
his proprietorship expires the public will be in
possession of the knowledge he has been the
first to give life.
The law says the patent must .be applied for
within two years from the time that he publicly
uses or exhibits his inventiou, in order
To Obtain a Valid Patent.
This is for the purpose of preventing the public
from being deprived of the invention for a
longer period than seventeen years (the dura-
tion of a patent) from the time it is first
shown to the public. Yet it gives the inventor
abundant time in which to complete all of his
arrangements and secure his patent without
unnecessary haste. It is also considered that
in the present age, in which every man is a
thinker, and therefore an inventor, that others
will, independently, invent the same thing in a
short time. In other words there is a second
man in the race, and it would be unjust to
allow the first man to neglect to give the world
the benefit of his discovery, and thus deprive
other true inventors from doing so. So long
as an inventor applies for a patent for his in-.
vention within two year3 from the date of its
first exhibition to the public he is entitled to
receive a valid patent therefor and so jealous is
our law of preserving
The Rights of a "First Inventor"
That it provides for the issue of a second
patent to a second applicant if he can prove
that he was the first to invent, and that the
invention has not been in public use for over
two years before his application.
It thus places the two inventors on an equal
footing; both hold a patent for the same inven-
tion and
The Question of Priority,
Or which is the true and valid patent, must be
decided by a suit in the United States Courts,
where all patent cases are tried. To provide
against the possibility of defrauding the public
by the wrongful issue of a patent for an inven-
tion not justly patentable, the law provides
that before a patent can be enforced by the
owner it must first pass through the ordeal of
a suit at law in which the defendants can raise
the question as to whether the patent is
Valid or Not.
The proof of illegality, however, must be clear
iind decisive in order to defeat the firbt patent,
as a patent is prima facie evidence that the in-
vention was new at the time the patentr was ap-
plied for and that the applicant was the first to
invent. The second patent would therefore be
under a cloud until the first was defeated. The
fj. S. Courts as a rule require the most posi-
[ve evidence that the first patent was wrong-
lly issued in order to defeat it.
Interferences Frequently Occur.
If two or more persons apply for a patent for
the same invention simultaneously, the Patent
Office decides the question of priority. This is
done by declaring an interference between the
conflicting applications and requiring the ap-
plicants to produce proof as to when each first
completed a working model or embodied the
invention in some practical form. The testi-
mony of the inventor must be well substantiated
by reliable witnesses in order to prevent fraud,
and as each party is entitled to be present in
person or by attorney to cross-qnestion the
witnesses of the other parties little chance is
left for fraudulent representations in actively
contested cases.
Partial Interferences,
Two pending applications may conflict only
in part, or one patent may describe withou
claiming what another asks a patent for. In
either case an interference is declared and the
decision of the Office is ruled by the testimony
in the case.
It is therefore plain that our law makers
have provided ample safeguards for protecting
both inventors and the public from being
defrauded and with honest officials in the
Patent Office and clear headed Judges on the
benches of our United States Courts, we can
see no ordinary way for wrongs to occur that
cannot be readily remedied.
It is those who are most ignorant of the
merits of our patent laws that _ cry loudest
against them. "We acknowledge that our patent
system is faulty in some regards and we shall
in some of our subsequent articles try to point
out these faults. But as a rule few branches of
legal legislation are more thorough in their
action and more complete in their protection.
Raymond & Ely Mine. — The Pioche Record
says: The work of putting in place the pump-
ing machinery is now rapidly approaching com-
pletion, and it is possible that during the pres-
ent week the pumps will be in actual
operation. All the rods are in place and con-
nected, also all the pumps and bobs; the bal-
ances of the latter are now being filled. The
spur wheels are also nearly ready for work.
The pump column lacks only about 250 feet
from the surface. In fact, the tedious, labori-
ous and difficult task of constructing and erect-
ing the vast and ponderous appliances for lift-
ing a large stream of water from a depth of
1200 feet, is about to reach what we believe will
be a most satisfactory and successful termina-
tion. In consequence of the timbering in that
part of the hoisting shaft, about 100 feet from
the surface, requiring repair, the work in the
lower part of the mine was stopped, and prob-
ably will not be resumed until this evening or
to-morrow." Before the cessation of labor took
place the work of extending the 9th and 10th
levels was going on. The appearance in the face
of the 9th was not looking so well. In a winze
which is being sunk from the 8th the prospect
is very good. Taking the outlook altogether,
the appearance of matters may fairly be charac-
terized as much improved, and leads us to be-
lieve that the bonanza period of Pioche is not
far off. As regards the ore being raised, only
that quantity is brought to the surface that is
taken out in making the various explorations
by means of the several drifts, winzes, etc.
that are being opened. No ore has lately been
shipped to the mills, but shipments will prob-
ably soon be recommenced.
Mines of Pake City, Utah. — The Marsac
mill, of 20-atamps capacity, is to be changed
into a concentrator, as the ore of the Flagstaff
mine could not be successfully worked by mill
process. The Ontario mine is furnishing con-
stant employment for the McHenry mill. The
Switzerland mine has struck a well defined
lode of superior richness. The Bock Bar mine
has a shaft down 100 feet, and a four foot vein
of fine ore has been lately struck. The lead is
well defined, and has -a heavy clay hanging
wall and quartzite foot wall. Woodside mine
is still being worked, and regular shipments of
ore are forwarded to this city. That is a valu-
able mine.- The Highland Mary, Irish-Ameri
cam, Wheyland, Green Monster and Porcupine-
are looking well. The tunnel of the Pioneer
is now in about 300 feet, with an excellent show-
ing.— Salt Lake Tribune.
Stjlphtjb. — Extensive beds of sulphur have
recently been located in this county by a gentle-
man named McWorthy, from Oakland, Cal-
ifornia. The deposits are situated about thirty-
five miles west from Mill City, in the Rabbit-
Hole Springs oounty. McWorthy's information
relative thereto was derived from an Indian,
who, for a trifling remuneration, piloted him
to the locality. A quarter section of the de-
posit has been located, and James McAllister
of Mill City informs us that the locator intends
to make the brimstone useful by converting it
into sulphuric acid on the ground if fuel in
sufficient quantity can be found on the adjacent
mountains — Silver State.
The Twenty Cent Coin. — The design of the
new twenty cent piece has been selected and
approved by Mr. Lenderman, director of the
mint. The obverse design contains a sitting
figure of liberty, with the word "Liberty" in-
scribed on the shield, the whole surrounded by
thirteen stars. Beneath the figure is the date
1875. On the reverse is the figure of an eagle,
with the words "Twenty Cents." The edge of
the coin will be perfectly, smooth, in order to
distinguish it from the twenty-five cent coin.
The Belmont Courier says: Eight tons of
ore from the Barcelona mine (Spanish Belt
District), crushed at the Monitor Belmont Mill,
yielded $3,105 93, or an average of $404 per
ton.
The Eureka Consolidated is to have a new
furnace constrncted at its smelling works. Four
furnaces, it is expected, will be run this season
by this company.
The Ukiah Dispatch, says that gold and silver
have been discovered near Calpella, and the
prospeotors have traced the ledge to the Wur-
tenburg claim.
The general overhauling of the Richmond
furnaces compels their shutting down for the
balance of this month.
The Reveille mine, Tybo district,' Nevada,
expects to ship, in the next aixty days, $150,-
000 in bullion.
Jefferson District, Nevada.
One of the editors of the Austin Reveille has
bee^- examining the mines of Jefferson district,
Nye county, Nevada, and according to the ex-
tracts below, taken from his reports, the fu-
ture prospects of the mines are very flattering
for that camp. He says: "The first mine ex-
amined was that of the Jefferson silver mining
company, comprising 1,200 feet on the south-
ern end of the Prussian lode. An incline has
been sunk on the le'dge, which dips at an^angle
of 65 deg., to the depth of 340 ft. At this point
a body of water, just sufficient to supply the
steam boiler of the hoisting works, has been
struck. Along the length of this incline four
levels have been started, every one of which
we visited carefully. The vein, both in the in-
cline and in the levels, varies in thickness from
three to five feet, and is one of the most uni-
form and best defined we ever saw, the bottom
resting on a stratum of decomposed slate of the
consistency of putty, whilst the top is incased
in porphyry. The first level was started at 65
feet, and is now in 100 feet northerly and 60
feet southerly, the vein being stoped a hight
of 30 feet on both sides. The second level was
started at 140 feet; it is now in 120 feet north-
erly and 50 feet southerly. Little stoping has
been done on either side. The third level was
started at 240 feet, and has now reached 85 feet
northerly. The fourth level, 340 feet, has been
run a short distance northerly. As we said be-
fore, the vein maintains its uniform size and
dip down to the bottom of the incline and
along the whole lenglh of the drifts with re-
markable uniformity. The Prussian claim
comprises 1,000 feet. They have sunk an in-
cline 250 feet deep, at which point they struck
a heavy body of water, which cannot be ex-
hausted without greater pumping facilities
than the company now possess. Three levels
have been started— the first at 65 feet from the
surface, running south 75 feet and north 80
feet; the second, 100 feet from the surface,
running south 280 feet; and the third, 200 feet
from the surface, running south 260 feet and
north 100 feet. Both incline and levels are
run on the ledge, averaging between three and a
half and eight feet in width. Fourteen dollars
covers the entire cost of mining and milling one
ton of ore. Each of the companies has a ten-
stamp mill, crushing wet, and of the latest con-
struction. They work twenty tons of ore
every twenty-four hours. Both mills are un-
der the superintendency of Mr. Thomas Mc-
Masters."
Important Discovery in Fresno County.
James F. Dodds, John Bye, Thomas Collins
and James Lewis have made an important dis-
covery of a vein of gold-bearing quartz on the
Fresno river, about three and a half miles be-
low Crook's ranch, and opposite what is known
as Indian Peak. The parties mentioned were
employed during last summer and fall in con-
structing the flume of the California lumber
company, and while so employed they found a
number of pieces of float quartz, which, showed
a large amount of free gold. Search was made
for the vein, and it was finally discovered on
the 19th of last December, They immediately
located a claim of- 1,500 feet on the ledge, and
styled it the Confidence company. The ledge
was traced about two miles and shows a width
on the surface of about six feet. The drop-
pings all show more or less free gold. They
immediately commenced sinking a shaft on the
ledge, and as they' removed the rock, the glit-
tering particles of gold, peeping from the frag-
ments of quartz, assured them. that they had
struck a big bonanza. Specimens of the quartz
shown ns, (and we are assured that they are
fair samples of the ore extracted from the mine),
were literally bespangled with gold. The quartz
is hard and solid, and has a rusty appearance
wherever there are any seams. The walls of the
ledge are well defined. A shaft 6x8 feet has
been sunk on the ledge to the depth of thirty
feet, and the vein is found to widen out as it
goes down. At the bottom of the shaft the
width of the vein is found to be about thirty-
five feet. The gold seems pretty generally dif-
fused through the vein, but there is a stratum
in the vein which is exceedingly rich. The
quartz increases in richness as they sink on the
ledge. This fact, coupled with the widening
of the ledge, the general diffusion of the gold,
the marked definition of the walls of the vein,
and its gradual widening out, indicates that the
mine is a true fissure, and not a pocket deposit.
They have worked about thirteen tons of the
ore in an arastra and cleaned up about $5,000.
The first eight tons of ore yielded a little over
$275 per ton; five tons of ore worked since
yielded a little over $515 per ton. Tbey have
an abundance of this same class of ore on
hand. The parties have been offered, and have
refused, $40,000 for their discovery. The
extensions have been located, and the prospects
are that other rich mines will be opened. —
Fresno Expositor.
All work on the Dayton mine is suspended
for the present, pending the erection of the
new pumping and hoisting machinery. The
new machinery is a complete pattern of the
new machinery of the Caledonia company, and
when ready to run will be second to none on
the line of the Comstock.
Geoeqe M. Dannals has been elected Pres-
dent of Julian mining district, San Diego
county. Mr. Dannais was a member of the
legislature from that county last winter, and
has been a resident of Julian ever since the
mines were first discovered.
P©paJi4i\ LicyiJ^Es.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Twelf tt. Lecture Delivered before the University of Oal
iforuia College of Agriculture, on Monday, February
iHt, by Pbof. O. E. Bebsey.
"We take up to-day, first, the myrtles, natural
order Myrtacece, a group of tropical and south
temperate plants, made up mostly of trees and
shrubs, and including about 1,500 species.
Most of them are found in Australia, that is,
the larger number of species; while in North-
ern Asia and in North America we find none,
so that we have this great group of Myrtacece,
without a single natural representative in all
North America. The myrtles (Fig. 1), all of
them, contain an aromatic oil, which may be
considered as the principle which runs through
the whole group. It is an important order on
account of its timber, its food, its aromatic and
its medicinal products.
Under the head of timber, we have standing
prominent among the timber trees of the world,
the different species of the genus Eucalyptus.
Of this genus I Bhall not attempt to say -very
much, because I find there is no literature en
the subject to be obtained here. The trees are
all Australian and Tasmanian, Ab many as thirty
or forty species are pretty well known. They
are usually trees 100 to 150 feet high, although
attaining, in some cases, 300 to 400 feet, and
one was measured whose length was 480 feet.
It, however, had rather a small diameter; hav-
ing a diameter of not more than 27 feet, I think;
not as large as our large Sequoias. They ere
all interesting, botanically, on account of the
peculiarity of their leaves and general appear-
ance. The leaves are broad and regular on the
young plants, but they become long and to a
certain extent one-sided on the old plants. In
the older plants they bane vertically, present-
ing their edges upward. The species differ very
greatly in their value. Some of the species of
Eucalyptus are exceedingly valuable, others are
almost valueless. I will read you what Sir
William McArthur Bays — and this is in a very
rare book. He says, in speaking of these trees:
*'When fully matured, some of them are not
sound at heart, and, even when sound, the
wood is very brittle. In several kinds there is
a very serious defect, which is called gum vein,
the gum or resin passing out through the con-
centric circles between the layers of wood." It
means just this: There is a great tendency to
take on wind craoks, so that when you cut a
tree you find great oracks between theBe succes-
sive layers, filled with gum. The statement is
also made that it is quite apt to split up. I
have consulted what seem to be the best, taking
the Australian authorities. They give them
popular names. These popular names cover
several species. The most valuable is the
E sideroploia, or iron bark. The iron barks
are very useful in building railways, putting up
buildings 'and manufacturing implements.
Somebody has cited instances where the wood
h id been used for forty-five years for fence
posts, or something like that. It is said to be
very durable. It is very strong, and from cer-
tain testB made by the British navy, this iron
bark was found to be the strongest of almost
all the Australian woods; compared with other
woods also in England,»it was found very
strong. While it has all of these qualities, you
must remember there is a. certain tendency
which it inherits with all its common relatives.
That is, a tendency to shrinkage. When the
boards are put together in a floor, ceiling or
anything like that, they are apt to shrink, and
so cannot be well used for such purposes. The
aptness to have gum- veins and to be hollow at
heart when old, also lessens their usefulness.
Still, the iron bark you may consider as the
best of all, and I should say that these are
The Ones that ought to be Imported.
E. leucoxylon, E. crebra, E. paniculata and
E. bicolor are all close allies of E. sideroploia,
and are popularly called iron barks. Australian
gumB are largely imported now; why not im-
port these, and especially the first one, rather
than those that are brought in? The second
best among the species of Eucalyptus are what
are popularly called the blue gums. We have
here what is called blue gum, Eucalyptus globu-
lus. E. terminalis, E. hcemastoma, E. botryoides
are all blue gums. They are highly prized in
Australia, and are used for ship-building and
also very largely in wheelwright's work for
manufacturing wheels and all other parts of
wagons. The Eucalyptus are said to possess
medicinal virtues.
An allied genus, Sywarpa laurifolia, found
also in some provinces of Australia, and called
there the turpentine tree, is said to be exceed-
ingly valuable for ubo as piles. You know that
in some places an ordinary pile driven into the
mud will be used up in five to seven years, de-
pending upon the number of teredos which
attack the piles. ThiB Syncarpa is said to be
teredo-proof; and if you see proper to get evi-
dence of this, go over to the Academy of Scien-
ces, and you will find a specimen pile there
that was a long time in the water, driven where
teredos abound, and there is no teredo mark on
Continued on Fag-e 270.
April 24, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
267
ECHANICAL PROGRESS
Is Wrought Iron Fibrous?
Id the adjourned discission upon Mr.
Hutchinson's paper "On Reversing Hulling
Mills," by the members of the Olevelaud In-
stitution of Engineers, which was published in
the Inst number of Iron, p. 361, Mr. Jeremiah
Head, a gentleman well versunt in the art of
rolling plates, questioned the fact of there
being realiy fiber in the plate at all. He said:
"I am inclined to think that tho term fibrous,
when applied to the strnctnre of wrought iron,
is really inappropriate and misleading. A
truly fibrous material, such as wood, resembles
wrought iron only in the appearance of the
fracture. But the fibers of the wood are not at
all ductile, aud therefore its appearance when
fractured arises from the broken fibers of which
it is built up becoming apparent. Bat the sim-
ilar appearance of a fractured piece of wrought
iron arises from the dvc ility of the molecules
of iron, the apparent fibers having been made
for the first time in the act of beoding. If we
could see the iron before bending, we should
probably find it qnite innocent of any fibers,
however duct'le the quality."
That the fibrous appearance of iron is only
disclosed after the bending of the iron, and is
really produced by the tenacity and ductility of
the molecules of iron is very plausible, and
rather novel in conception, but goes dead
against all the general notions of those most
intimately acquainted with iron in its rolled
state. The general notion is that iron not
only seems to be, but really is, fibrous; that it
is just a bundle of more or lesB parallel wires.
more or leas welded together. If a bar of
rolled iron be soaked in a weak solution of
nitrio acid, its fibrous Btrncture will be appar-
ent to the eye, so that, to quote Mr. Head's
own words, "we can actually see into the iron
before bending," and "find it qnite innocent"
of the charge he brings against it of not being
fibrous. There is not the least doubt about
there being actually what we, comparatively
spe iking, call "fiber" in iron. Yet Mr. Head's
idea is eminently suggestive. We know, by
bitter experience, that the fibrous structure of
axles, etc., seems to be gradually changed into
a crystalline state by the force of vibration.
We also know that boiler plate, from the con-
tinned application of heat, seems to lose its
fibrous charaoter and become crystalline.
The president in his opening address alluded
to the fact thus: "From some tests I have
lately been making of the iron cut from the
plates of two boilers which had ripped at the
seam, I fonnd that the flame playing at the
convex bottom of the boiler had affected the
iron at the seam, so as to make it cold-short,
of small tensile power, and apparently crystal-
line in its fraotnre. On annealing the pieces of
iron cu. from the seams it was fonnd that the
cold-shortness had disappeared, and that the
tests both for tensile power and ductility had
been restored to their original condition." It
is probab'e that the crystallization is only in
appearance — that, in point of fact, the elonga-
ted welded crystals or molecules which consti-
tute the fibers have merely lost the strength of
their tenacity aud ductility— have, in fact, be-
oome brittle and not been able, in consequence,
to stand the same amount of fatigue. This
theory, if correct, fully accounts for the fact
which seems so puzzling to explain — that by
proper toning treatment the so-called crystal-
line iron can have its fibrous nature restored so
as even to stand its original tensile strain.
A New Ststem of Bbedchng. — M. Bazin, of
Angiers, France, proposes to attach to a steamer
with an engine of 60-horse power two pipes on
each side at some twelve feet below the water
line. These pipes are to be ten inches in di-
ameter, about fifty feet in length, and are to be
conneoted to the ship, so as to swing up or
down, and also so as readily to yield to the
movements of rolling, eto. The extremities of
the couple on each side are united by tubes of
like diameter, open at the forward end. In
clearing out a quicksand, the vessel is got
under way at the speed of eight knots per hour;
and on reaching the obstruction the tubes are
lowered with the soft mass. The water pres-
sure above the sand or mud, which of itself
would force the material into and up the tubes,
is aided by the onward motion of the vessel, and
the resnlt is that the mud is driven through the
tubes and into the hold. When the vessel is
fall, the apparatus is raised, and her ■ contents
hoisted out or otherwise discharged in some
suitable locality. M. Bazin says that, with
tubes of the size and with the speed above
mentioned, 13,200 cubic feet of mnd per hour
conld be raised. He points out that, in case of
their becoming obstructed, the tubes can easily
be cleared by simply elevating them out of the
mass and allowing the water to rush through
them.
Cab Staetee. — An improved "starter" for
horse oars was recently tried in Baltimore.
The invention consists simply of a grooved iron
cam that is attached on each side of the axle
near the wheel. This cam extends above the
axle and affords a leverage of twelve inches.
Through the grooves on the top of the cams
run two wire ropes that are attached to the
gooseneck and double-trees. The cams, by
means of a heavy spring, resume their upright
position whenever the car stops, and the lever-
age they offer in starting lessens the work of
the horses.
The Epfkct of Cold on Ibon. — As a general
rule the cohesive force in bodies increases as
the atoms or molecules of which the bodies
are composed are brought into closer proximity
to each other and heat tends to separate the
E articles of matter, and thus to weaken the 00-
esion existing between them. In accordance
wiih this well established law, a lump of ice,
in which there is a certain amount of tenacity,
loses nearly the whole of this force when it has
been converted into water by the agency of
heat; and when, by further heating, the water
has been converted into steam, the cohesive
force is entirely overcome by elasticity opera-
ting in the opposite direction. A gr^at number
of experiments have been made for the purpose
of determinirg the influence of variations of
temperature and other circumstances on the
tenacity of the metals within the range of their
solid condition. In 1844, Wertheim published
an elaborate paper relating to this subject in
the "Annales de Chitnie et de Physique," in
which he shows that, although in most in-
stances the metals increase in tenacity as the
temperature decreases, it is not strictly ao in
the case of iron, the tenacity of which increases
with increase of temperature up to 212 deg.
Fahr., but beyond that point it follows the
general law.
Magnetization- -M. J. Jamin's researches
point to an important modification in the con-
struction of magnets. Suppose that a great
number of plates, which, after being separately
magnetized to saturation, are placed together.
The magnetism of the combination will be
seen to increase up to a limit which cannot be
passed, and which is reached when the polar
Burfaoes are filled. Suppose that ten plates are
required. If now we recommence the same
experiment, applying the same plates against
two iron armatures of a large surface, the in-
tensities will increase much more slowly, be-
cause the sum of the magnetism is diffused
over a more considerable extent, and the limit
will not be reached till this extent is full. For
this it may be needful to snperpose twenty,
thirty or forty plates, and, generally speaking,
a number s ) much the greater as the armatures
are larger. The total power of the magnet will,
therefore, increase with its armatures.
GrrFADD's Raii.w Ai C.vn.— M.Henri Giffard,
inventor of the Giffard injector, has succeeded
in constructing a railway car, the body of
wnich is so supported on springs that all oscil-
lation and jarring is entirely obviated, and the
passengers within are enabled to read, write,
and otherwise employ themselves with as
mach facility as if not in motion. These cars
are now in use on the railway between Paris
aud Lille, France. The platform is supported
on heavy springs of its own, and carries at
each extremity standards, which, in turn, are
surmounted by ponderous leaf springs, to the
ends of which the body of the car is suspended.
It was fonnd, on a first trial, that the peculiar
horizontal oscillation which is so very fatigu-
ing to the traveler was entirely suppressed, and
that a light, vortical, elastic movement which
remained was easily obviated by adjusting the
suspending rods. The weight of tlie car is
somewhat more than that of those ordinarily
employed on European railroads, and its cost
is higher.
less, and, in fact, absolutely harmless as an
explosive, save when placed in contact with
some other explosive, a combination which is
practically nnnecessary until at almost the very
moment when it is desired that its terrible en-
ergies should be brought into active play. This
is the form which nitro-glycerine is made to
assume when presented to the world in the
form of dynamite or giant powder.
scientific Progress.
Science in the Utilization of Waste.
Welding. — In weldingiron, as is well known,
the pieces are heated to whiteness. When iron
is to be welded to iron this plan answers well
enough, but if iron is to be welded to steel the
white heat often destroys the steel completely.
To remedy this evil a patent h&B recently been
taken out, which promises to remove all diffi-
culties. By this process the surface of the
metal to be welded is moistened with water,
and on the wet surface there is Bprinkled a
compound consisting of 1 lb pulverized cal-
cined boras, 1 lb. fine iron filings, and 4 oz.
pulverized prussiate of potash, intimately
mixed. The two surfaces are then wired, or
otherwise held together, and raised to a red
heat, or about 600° to 70(P Fah. When subse-
quently "subjected to rolling or hammering the
joint is completed, while the steel is not suffi-
ciently raised in temperature to be at all in-
jured by the operation.
What is Steel. — A correspondent writes to
the Scientific American as' follows: I contend
that no s'eel can be made without carbon. My
friend claims that chrome steel, by the intro-
duction of chrome ore into the crucible with
ordinary iron, secures the different grades in
proportion to the amount of chrome used. I
claim farther that the result of such a process
is not Bteel, but an alloy or chromate of iron.
Which is right? That journal answers as thus:
It may be steel, because the iron itself con-
tains carbon, the presence of which is, as you
say, essential to the formation of steel. The
chromium enters, like manganese and other
metals, as an alloy, and modifies the proper-
ties of the steel.
New Peooess of Engraving on Copper. — The
hydrographic office at Paris has begun a new
process of engraving on copper wh;ch promises,
by its rapidity and the moderation of its price
to be very widely useful. It consists in sub-
stance, first, in covering a plate of copper with
a thin shell of adhering silver, upon which is
spread a thin layer of colored varnish ; second, in
drawing thereon, with a dry point, the lines of
topography, and lettering, precisely as one
engraves with a diamond upon stone; third, in
corroding the traced parts by means of the
perchloride of iron.
An Improved Wooden Barrel. — H. W. Fits-
hugh, of Bay City, Mich., has invented a new
device in barrel manufacture, which consists in
using straight staves having parallel edges,
with constricted bands, whose overlapping ends
are fastened by a screw extending into the
wood. This enables the barrel to be made en-
tirely by machinery, and renders coopering un-
necessary.
A Novel Bridge. — Between the towns of St.
Servan and St. Malo, at the mouth of tho
River Rhone, France, there is a novel bridge.
It is a platform supported on wheels which
run on rails at the bottom of the estuary. At
high tide the wheels are beneath the surface of
the water. The top of the platform is level
with the quay on each side, so that it is easy
of access for both men and horses.
High and Low Pressure. — Somebody asks.
What is the difference between a high pressure
and a low pressure engine? A. In one the
steam is condensed, in the other it is exhausted
into the atmosphere.
Iu no way, perhaps, has science been of
greater benefit to the commercial world than in
what it has taught us in the way of utilizing
the waste products of manufacture. Tho im-
mensely valuable and now almost indispensa-
ble series of dyes which science has of late
taught us to eliminate from the hitherto useless
waste of gas manufacture is too well known
to need more than a mere reference in this
connection. Numerous other similar instances
might be enumerated; but our present pur-
pose is to call the attention of the reader for a
moment to the almost inestimable boon which
it has secured to mankind in bringing to his
knowledge the organic compound known as
Glycerine,
The deprivation of which would now be found
a most serious detriment to the world. This
sweet principle of oil, which is now largely ob-
tained from the waste of the soap boiler, was
first discovered by Scheele, in 1783, and its
true nature ascertained by Chevreuel, in 1819.
From that time until within a very few years it
merely held a well defined place as a simple
fact in organic chemistry. But the new im-
pulse given to scientific investigation within
the past two decades has led a great number of
investigating minds to examine and study into
the nature and possibilities of this new organic
compound. The first inquiries were directed
to its more thorough purification, and no sooner
was it presented to the world abundantly in its
pure form than its use became extended day
by. day. The principal features connected with
the improvement in its manufacture relate to'
its distillation, and still later to its purification
by crystallization by Sarg, and in 1871 he puri-
fied in this way twenty-five tons. As for its
application, it is now more varied than that of
any other substance springing from the chemi-
cal arts. It is used m wine-making, beer-mak-
ing, confectionery, liquors, in cloth-making, in
calico-making, in pieparing leather so as to
remain supple and durable, in the tobacco fac-
tory, for lubricating machines and fire-arms,
etc., preserving organic matter, filling gas
meters to prevent the effect of cold, for making
rollers for printing presses, in the art of per-
fumery, in medicines, etc.
Nitro-GIycerine.
But of all the applications of glycerine, the
most carious and important one is that of mak-
ing an explosive compound for blasting. In
1847 an Italian chemist, named Sobrero, work-
ing in the laboratory of Pelouze, discovered
that the action of concentrated nitric acid or a
mixture of nitric and sulphuric acid upon
glycerine produced a peculiar oily liquid, hav-
ing among other properties that of exploding
when struck by a hard body, or when heated.
At first it was ODly regarded as one of the many
curious compounds that are born every day in
the chemical laboratory. Any practical appli-
cation was not thought of, for the glycerine
then was too expensive a substance to enter
into competition with other substances used in
making explosive compounds. It was reserved
for a Swedish chemist named Nobel to make
an application of this oily compound called
nitro-glycerine, and by improvement in the
process of its manufacture, and the consequent
impalse it gave to the separation and purifica-
tion of glycerine, it is now a substance o
every-day use by those engaged in mining and
in large engineering works requiring the re-
moval of large bodies of rock; and, notwith-
standing it is an extremely dangerous substance
to handle, and many lives and much property
have been destroyed by it, contractors on large
works say that they prefer using it to gun-
powder, with all its attendant risks.
Dynamite or Giant Powder.
So important and advantageous has its use
become as an explosive compound, that in spite
of its acknowledged danger, men would use it
■in many cases in preference to o'.her and safer
explosives. And here again "
A New Paper Board. — The multiplicity of
uses to which paper is being applied is con-
stantly leading to new devices for rendering
it moro suitable for these 'applications.- The
latest advance in this direction is given a* fol-
lows: A new method of manufacturing paper
board, to make that article more generally use-
ful and dnrable, is described as follows: When
a sheet of paper is immersed in an ammonial
solution of copper, and then dried, it is said to
be quite impregnable to water, and does not
lose this quality even though the water be boil-
iDg. Two sheets of paper thus prepared, and
passed through a cylinder, adhere to each other
so completely as to be quite inseparable. If
a large number of sheets so prepared be cylin-
dered together, boards of great thickness are
obtained, the resistance and cohesion of which
may be increased by interposing fibrous mat-
ters or cloths. The substance so prepared is
quite as hard as the closest grained wood of the
same thickness. The ammonical solution of
copper is prepared by treating plateB of copper
with ammouia of the density of 0.880 in contact
with the atmosphere.
New Material for Dyestotfs. — It is claimed
that, according to a method patented by Crois-
sant and Bretonnere, many kinds of refuse
organic matter, as sawdust, decayed woo3, horn,
bran, starch, moss, etc., can be converted into
valuable material for dyeing. The process
rests upon the dehydrogenation of the sub-
stances by sulphur at high temperatures, and
seems very simple in practice. Thus bran, for
example, is simply mixed to a uniform paste,
with the proper quantity of caustic soda and
flowers of sulphur in an iron vessel, which is
then covered and heated in a furnace to 482
degrees to 572 degrees. A portion of the sul-
phur is taken up by the organic matter, and
much sulphuretted hydrogen is given off, and
at the close of the operation a friable hygro-
scopic mass remains which is completely solu-
ble in water of a sap green color, and exhibiting
an extraordinary affinity for orgatn; fibers, so
that they can be dyed with it without a mor-
dant. The dyes formed, even from the Batne
substance, may be varied in shade by altering
the treatment; and some materials require
a much higher temperature than others for
their transformation.
Temperature of the Sun.— In opposition to
the now prevailing theory among astronomers
and physicists that the sun possesses an ex-
ceedingly high temperature, M. Violle has
maintained for some time that this temperature
is only about 3,000 degiees. Iq a recent publi-
cation he gives the result of some farther
researches upon this subject, in which he
attempts to establish the solar temperature to
be the temperature which must be possessed by
a body of the same apparent diameter as the
sun, in order that, endowed with an emissive
power equal to the mean emissive power
of the solar surface, it may emit iu the
same time the same quantity ofheatas the sun.
He assumes finally that the mean emissive
power of the sun is only equal to that of
melted steel.
Currents in Jupiter's Atmosphere. — Not
content with studying the laws which govern
the winds or atmospheric currents on our own
planet, Kuobel has given a series of drawings
of Jupiter's surface, as observed night after
night by a powerf al telescope, while Br. Lohze,
of the observatory at Bothkamp, is making
another similar series. When these are com-
pared and discussed with all other known
drawings, it is hoped they will reveal the laws
of the winds or atmospheric currents which
prevail on Jupiter and produce the rapid
changes observed on its surface.
And here again science came
once more to the relief of mankind and led the
way to a preservation of this hitherto danger-
ous compound in a form almost perfectly barm
A Simple Wat to Find the Meridian. — Mr.
Geo. W. Blunt, the well-known nautical expert
of New York city, gives the following simple
mode for running a meridian line: Take apiece
of board, or any similar material, and describe
on it a number of concantric circles. Place
this in the sun; over the center hang a plum-
met. Observe the shortest shadow from the
plummet; the sun will then be on the meridian;
draw a line to the center of the circle, and that
will be the true meridian line. ThiB will do to
mark the apparent time or to correct the com-
pass for variation.
Magnetizing the Spectrum. — Choquatt has
communicated to the French Academy the ob-
servation that the magnet exercises a peculiar
influence upon the spectra of various substances.
The Bpectra of sulphur and silenium become
very pale and finally disappear, while the spectra
of bromin and chlorin become more intense
by the influence of the magnet.
Why Does a Star Scintillate? — Because of
the interposed changing layers of air of differ-
ent densities. The diverging raysare caused
partly by the irregular figure of the crystalline
lens of the eye, and are partly owing to the
pull of the six muscles which move it,
268
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 24, 187S
ining Summary.
The following is mostly condenBed from journals pub-
lished in the interior, in proximity to the mines mentioned
California.
CALAVERAS.
Mining.— Calaveras Chronicle, April 17 : We
have nothing startling to record in the way of
mining in this vicinity this week, but there is
no "letting up" with regard to the briskness
with which operations are being pushed. The
hydraulics are all in full blast and the tunnel-
claims are running full handed. Water is
abundant and miners are rushing things while
they have a chance. Work will be commenced
in Prindle & Duryea's new hydraulic, on Tun-
nel ridge, reference to which has been pre-
viously made in this paper, in a few days. We
learn that the laying of the pipe necessary to
convey the water to the mine is nearly comple-
ted. There doubtless are many places on the
ridge, yet unoccupied, that will pay well for
working, and the success of the claims now in
operation will have a tendency to stimulate
prospecting. Tunnel ridge will yet be all
washed into Chili gulch.
Quartz Discoveries. — We learn that some
very rich discoveries in quartz have lately been
made in Mosquito gulch. Two leads have
been found right in the town that prospect
very rich and have every indication of being
permanent ledges. The work done upon them
has resulted most encouragingly and opera-
tions are being pushed forward with vigor.
There is no more promising quartz mining dis-
trict in the county than Mosquito.
CONTRA COSTA.
Coal. — Contra Costa Gazette, April 17 : Among
the many discovered indications of coal depos-
its in the county that may yet prove of practi-
cal value are those at the head of the Tassajara
creek, where lately some prospect was made
of a vein on the property cf Mr. John Johnson.
This vein was prospected to the depth of about
20 feet down from the outcrop, and yields coal
of very fair quality; but, as we learn from Mr.
Thomas Johnson, son of the proprietor, the
vein, which was first increased in width with
the depth gained, narrowed with the last eight
or ten feet, as though it might soon pinch out;
and it is not their intention to work it further
at present. Near by, on another tributary of
the Tassajara, as Mr. Johnson informed us,
Mr. Sangmaster has the indications of a large,
fine coal vein, but is not taking any measures
for developing it, though he has tested it far
enough to feel pretty well assured that it is a
v< in of much value. There would seem to be
no reason why the district south and adjacent
to Mt. Diablo should not have the same coal
measures as found on the north side, though
the angles of the stratification left by the up-
rising of the mountain are greater, and the
measures are probably more broken up.
EL DORADO.
Mining Items. — Mountain Democrat, April
17: Our Greenwood correspondent, "Prospect-
or," has been rambling around among certain
mines on the|north side of the county, and sends
the following items: The Sliger mine and mill
have been running for the last two weeks, and
judging from the plates outside the battery,
this will keep up its high reputation as a "pay-
ing institution."
At the Cederberg they are still sinking, but
since their Warring drill became disabled they
have not made the progress they would under
more favorable circumstances. The mine is
looking first rate.
The Spanish claim is looking well, with a
good prospect of a profitable clean up.
The French claim, under the management of
Mr. Desmarchats, one of the original owners, is
paying remarkbly well.
The Five Cent Hill company made a good
showing the last month, having paid a good
margin above expenses. This mine is under
the able management of Mr. Cornwall.
The International, W. A. Jones, superin-
tendent, bids fair to establish its reputation as
one of the best mines in our county, having a
ledge 20 feet wide, which contains some of the
richest suiphuret ore, according to assay, in the
State. The superintendent informs me that
he intends to ship several tons of the ore to
San Francisco, to be tested by working process,
and if it works within 20 per cent.' of assay,
the company will erect reduction works on the
mine.
The Taylor mine is proving a success under
the management of Walter Schmidt. The ten-
stamp mill never stops unless something
breaks, which is not often. The mine will
supply 20-stamps, and I think the company is
making a great mistake in not having that
number set up.
The Eosekranz mine, being the first south-
ern extension of the Taylor, has commenced
operations, under the management of N. D.
Burlingham, and from the present prospects
will yet rival the Taylor.
The Garden Valley mine, also under the
management of Mr. Burlingham, has reached
a depth of 80 feet, the ledge being well defined
and prospecting "way up, " as the miners ex-
press it.
The Mansfield mine is looking well, I have
been informed, and there is a rumor afloat that
this mine has been sojd to an English com-
pany.
INYO-
Kobe Springs District. — Fanamint News,
April 13: A short time ago a party consisting
of E. A. Culver, Prof. Chas. G. Meyer and P.
A. Craigue, made a visit to Bose springs dis-
trict, some twenty miles north from this camp,
in the Panamint range. Following are the
assays obtained by Prof. Meyer from ore
selected by the party, from eight different ledges,
and we doubt if a better showing has ever
been made by any district on the Pacific coast:
Star of the West, No. 1, $845.13; Lanzi, $889.-
11; Polar Star, $1,405.33; Maria, $216.77; Star
of the West, No. 2, $1,099.61; Garibaldi, $348.-
73; North Star, 1,363.23; Star of the West, No.
3, $1,189.13. Total, $7,357.04. Average per
ton, $919.63. The above assays for the Gari-
baldi are not up to the usual average Of those
heretofore made. The ore from that mine has
generally assayed from $628 to $1,600 per ton.
Assays have also been had from the North
Star as high as $1,700. The certificate of the
assays by-Prof. Meyer had attached thereto
(by ceiling wax) the "buttons," and this we
believe has been sent down to parties at San
Francisco. If any other of a like number of
claims in one district con beat this showing, we
should like very much to hear of it.
Ouit Ores. — For a long time we have been
satisfied that our mines were producing a bet-
ter class of ores than- many gave them credit
for. The concentrators, which have been
pretty thoroughly tested, have demonstrated
this fact. Instead of finding so large a per
cent, of copper and other mineral denominated
"base." it is shown that there is a much greater
amount of chlorides than was supposed in
those ores which were not put down in the list
of free milling, and they are of so high grade
that it is believed that a resort to roasting and
finally making the silver bullion right here will
prove more profitable than shipping the con-
centrations to Swansea. In the absence of
chlorides concentration does well enough, per-
haps, but there is so little specific gravity as
between the chlorides and gangue, it is almost
impossible to save the chlorides, the richest
part of the ore. By preparing the ore in a
roasting furnace the chlorides are saved by
amalgamation, and where there is so little per
cent of copper and other base metals, it will
be found more profitable to destroy them en-
tirely. We have some ores carrying very little
chlorides and with these the concentrating pro-
cess may be adopted. At any rate we are very
glad the company have determined upon the
introduction of the Stetefeldt, as the shipments
or bullion will advertise our mines to a degree
beyond anything else that can be devised.
Darwin District Items. — Inyo Independent,
April 17 : The latest mining news from Darwin
is of the most encouraging character. We are
assured by two or three friends that so far as
they know, not a mine upon which work is be-
ing done (and there are a large number), but
is developing splendidly. The Capital, belong-
ing to the Brown Brothers, Baxter, Bell and
White, has turned out to be a magnificent mine.
This is a tremendous ledge. With respect to
the Defiance and Grand, cutting across between
the two, and easily traceable from the summit
of the hill many hundred feet in either direc-
tion. The main shaft is down 85 ft, and the
others at different points 10 ft each, and every
one in splendid ore, running as high as $600
per ton. Drifts from the bottom of the main
shaft show a deposit of this kind of ore not less
than 30 feet in width. The developments in
the New York are exceedingly flattering. Some
Mexicans are erecting a small furnace on a
mine near the Promontorio and will soon have
it in operation. The Christmas Gift furnace
men and machinery, we believe, are expected
at Darwin now in a few days.
NEVADA.
Kentucky. — Foothill Tidings, April 17: Ken-
tucky is getting to be the favorite stock for in-
vestment among those best posted on Grass
Valley mines. The location of the mine, closely
contiguous to the Idaho and Eureka, and the
now patent fact that the works will soon be
started and the shaft be put down to the 400-
ft level without delay, leads miners and others
here whose memories run back to the time when
Idaho stock could have been bought for from
$5 to $20 a share— only a few months before
the big strike which sent it up to $250 — to de-
sire a few shares, aud we hear of sales recently
made at from four to five timeB the price of the
same stock two months ago.
PLACER.
Nice Find.— Placer Serald, April 17: All the
big chunks of gold are not found yet. Only a
few days ago Ben Hawkins, of Opbir, picked
up a nugget in a ravine below the old St.
Patrick mine, that weighed three ounces and
three-quarters of a peunyweight, or $48.60 at
$16 per ounce. It is true these large chunks of
the root of evil are not lying around on the
surface as thick as they were twenty five years
ago, but evidently there are enough left yet to
warrant a person in keeping his eyes open.
Next.
PLUMAS.
The Big Chunk. — Plumas National, April
17: We heard a story, the other day, which
gives a color of truth to the report of the find-
ing of the two pieces of gold at French Bavine,
but the first story is not altogether right. It
seems that an old Frenchman who goes by the
name of Henry found a piece of quartz and
gold at the mouth of French Bavine. He kept
still about it, only showing it to one or two,
and one of the men who saw it gave it as. his
opinion that it was worth eight or ten thousand
dollars. Several very large pieces have been
found in French Bavine, and it is quite prob-
able that this story is true.
Greenville Mining Notes. — Bachelder
shipped $3,000 for sixteen days' run of the
Kettle mill — twelve stamps. His ledge is over
20 ft wide and improving in richness as the
workmen go down. Henry O'Toole is working
a full crew of men, and his ledge is turning out
first-rate rock. Tanner & Wiles are crushing
rock from the old Correlle3 ledge, which is pay-
ing splendidly. The Green Mountain is mak-
ing good its usual reputation for being one of
the best paying mines in the county. The
Union company has commenced drifting, with
a first-rate prospect. The Baker mine is being
worked by a full crew, and is yielding some
good rock. The Indian Valley mine is full of
men, who are driving ahead briskly under the
new administration of Whitlock & Hall. The
Greenville mines are decidedly "on the come
up," and a brisk season is looked for.
SAN D1ECO.
Jamcl Eanch Mines. — San Diego World,
April 17: On the Jamul ranch, a short distance
from San Diego, Henry Burton , discovered a
lead of galena-bearing quartz, which assays
$24 per ton; that the ore of the Jamul mine as-
says $44, in gold and silver, per ton ; and an-
other ledge has given assays of $59.85 , in sil-
ver and gold, per ton. All these mines are on
the Jamul ranch, but in different localities.
The owner of the ranch is confident of the rich-
ness ol these ledges, and is anxious to have a
company of reliable men take hold of them
for the purpose of development, and is willing
to give the most favorable terms.
SAN BENITO.
San Benito Mines. — Hollister Enterprise,
April 10 : This is the name of the quicksilver
mines on the headwaters of the San Benito,
owned by Messrs. Cody, Tully and others. The
mines have been prospected to the amount of
several thousand dollars, with the most satis-
factory results. Some two years since these
mines were sold conditionally to an English
company, but after long delays, and failing to
meet their obligations, they reverted back to
the parties now in possession, who commenced
their immediate development. A furnace has
been erected, tuDnels run, shafts sunk, and
everything about the premises indicate busi-
ness of the most enoouraging nature. An
abundance of ore of the finest qualityjis being
taken out, and we are assured that in a very
short time they will be shipping via Hollister
to San Francisco, large quantities of bottled
quicksilver. Other rich discoveries of oinna-
bar have been made in that locality recently—
Sheriff Boss and others being the fortunate lo-
cators. It is safe to predict that ere long San
Benito will rank the foremost county in the
State for the production of quicksilver.
SIERRA-
LOCATIONS. — Mountain Messenger, April 17:
TheOro G. M. company has looated the waters
of the South Fork of the Yuba for mining pur-
poses; head-dam to be between the County
Hospital and S. Wood's residence.
J. A. Klimmer, et al, have located 600 feet of
mining ground at Fir Cap, commencing on the
line of the Fir Cap company's claims.
H. Desrosiers, et al, for the Iowa M. com-
pany, have located all the water that flows from
their drain tunnel, for mining purposes.
E. Stone, et al, have looated a lot of mining
ground near Galloway ranch, 2,798x933 feet.
G. W. Perkins, et al, have located the mining
ground formerly known as the Dutch mining
claims, at Forest City.
Lightfoot company,— James Dunpbrey, etal,
have located ten claims of 100 feet each in
Hardscrabble mining district, commencing at
the S E corner of Summit company.
Enterprise company, — S. M. Boyce, et al,
have looated ten claims of 100 feet each in Fair
Play mining district, commencing at McMun-
nay & Co.'s N E line.
Honest Miner company, — E. A. Parlin, et al,
have located ten claims of 100 feet each, front-
ing on Fair Play Bavine, adjoining Boyce Bros',
claim.
Summit company, — W. E. Atkinson, et alv
have located nine claims of 100 feet each, in
Hardscrabble mining district, beginning at the
N E corner of Last Chance claim.
Owen Owens, et al, have located 3,750 feet
of a ravine between Centerville and Toppa-
hockin Flat, to be known as the Swansea Ba-
vine, for a tailing claim.
D. H. Cowden, et al, have located the bed of
the South Fork of the Yuba for mining pur-
poses, commencing at a point immediately
South of Seitz's house and running down the
river to a point where M. Mead's water pipe
crosses the stream.
Lewis Hill.— Jack Wolf, et al, have located
a mining claim 800x8812 feet on the ridge west
of Eureka.
Summit company. — W. B. Bussel, etal, have
located a mining claim on the flat between
Howland Flat and Cold Canon. The ground
was supposed to belong to T. McFarland, etal,
they having bought it at Sheriff's sale, but the
recent locators claim that it was subject to re-
location.
Sold Out.— Mr. Williams has sold his inter-
est in the Exchange mining claim, located at
Monte Cristo, to P. Thatcher, rumor says for
$6,000. This claim has been paying steadily
from ten to fifteen dollars per day to the hand
for a long time. This ground was supposed to
be worked out twenty years ago and abandoned,
we believe. The new company weDt back
into the hill where the wiseacres said there
was nothing but bedrook, and found a very
rich blue gravel lead. Three other companies
are running for the same channel, one being
composed of John Zimmerman, David Kime
and others, another of F. Esohbaoher, Tom
Pritchard, et al, and the other is the Swallow
company. The first has been taking pay for
several weeks, but the others are not yet in. If
prospects indicate anything, Monte Cristo
will be a lively camp in a year from now. On
the Excelsior side Jim. Patterson is pushing
his tunnel ahead to strike the same lead, which
he will undoubtedly do. The ridge under
which this channel lies is heavily capped with
what miners call lava, and the theory which)
prevails with many, that this lava came up
from the interior of the earth immediately
under where it now lies, has had a tendency to
prevent prospecting. It is now getting to be)
pretty well known that where you find a ridge
capped with lava and cement, a channel may
reasonably be looked for under it.
TRINITY:
How the Mines Pat. — Trinity Journal, April
17 : We have always held that the gravel de-
posits of Trinity county are not excelled in
richness by those of any other section. Two
causes have operated toward placing the pro-
duct of our mines below, we may say far below,
what it would be under more favorable circum-
stanoes. The first of these causes, and the easier
removed, has been the absence, in years past,
of improved mining machinery, appurtenances
for the removal of gravel at a low cost and ap-
paratuses for the. saving of a larger percentage
of the gold contained in that gravel. This
drawback has been removed in a great measure,
during the past few years, by the introduction
of larger iron pipe, Little Giant and other im-
proved nozzles, undercurrents and a more liber-
al ubs of quicksilver. In fact our mines are now
in excellent condition, and were it not for the
extreme scarcity of water would this year have
made a noble showing. But scarcity of water
is what's the matter; under existing circum-
stances we are at the mercy of the seasons and
the past season has been unmerciful. Our
miners are idle; our improved machinery and
gold-saving appliances lie unused ; our hidden
treasures remain buried beneath immense
banks of gravel. But that these treasures exist
is proven by even the small amount of work
done this season. The Weaverville Ditch and
Hydraulic mining company, with only sixteen
days water, have taken out $3,100 in the Ward
mine on the Oregon Gulch mountain. Trotter
& Smiley, at Douglas City, have cleaned up
$4,000 for eighteen days run. These tangible
results show that our mines pay handsomely.
But even at this rate, two or three week's work
duriDg an entire season will scarcely justify
the fitting up of new claims. What we require
is water, more water, and above all certain
water. The caprice of a season is no longer to
be depended upon. Ditches must be constructed
from our larger water courses to the mines.
When such enterprises are entered upon and
completed the prosperity of the county will be
secure.
TUOLUMNE.
Arastraville Mining Items. — Tuolumne In-
dependent', April 10: Frank Prudhomme has
found a vein of quartz at Mt. Salter, on this
Bide of the Tuolumne, towards Summersville.
Our informant says "it prospects awfully!"
Mr. Easton has enlarged his tunnel and in-
tends putting on a whim for the purpose of
sinking.
H. B. Fowles and Sam. Smith have just
started in on their "new find." This vein is
about 500 ft from the Hill & Wilson, and run-
ning nearly parallel.
G. C. Grey & Co. are opening a good vein
half a mile east of Arastraville. They have
ran a drift in on the vein and have taken out
twelve tons of rock, which, after being run
through an arastra, yielded eleven and a half .
ounces of gold — nearly an ounce to the ton.
They are going to sink a shaft in the tunnel,
on the chute, which improves as it goes down.
Specimens of this rock Jjefore us iB grayish
red, mixed with sulphurets and showing free
gold plentifully.
Some Italians, who have been working in a
gulch, a short distance from Frank Prud-
homme's cabin, washed up last week about
twenty ounces of the prettiest kind of gold.
From all accounts this is a favorable section
for prospeotors.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Consolidated Virginia. — Gold Hill News,
April 15: Daily yield, 450 tons of ore. The ore
stopes on the 1500-ft are all looking well and
yielding the usual amount of rich ore, as are
also the stopes on the 1400 and 1300-ft levels.
The C & C shaft is sunk to a depth of 366
feet, the bottom in good working ground. A
new and powerful double cylinder donkey en-
gine is on the ground ready to take the place of
the smaller one now in use. The old engine
will be used to hoist the dirt fiom the deep pits
that are being excavated for the reception of
the huge stone foundations for the hoisting and
pumping machinery. The pit for the founda-
tion of the pumping engine is 16 feet in width
by 67 feet in length, and will be 27 feet in
depth.
California. — Cross-cut No. 2 on the 1500-ft
level is in a distance of 273 feet, the face in low
grade ore. Cross-cut No. 3 is in a distance
of 251 feet, the face still in rioh ore.
Cross-cut No. 4 is in 132 feet, the
face in low grade ore. Cross-cut No. 5 is in a
distance of 54 feet, the face in fine ore. The
north drift in the ore vein is still being rapidly
driven ahead to connect with the cross-cut No.
4, the face of the drift still in rich ore. The
main north drift, or enlarged air gallery, on
this level is being steadily pushed toward the
Ophir line. No work is being done on the
1550-f t level at present. The joint east drift on
the 1400-ft level is being continued across the
April 24, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
269
eastern portion of the ore vein. The winze on
this level being sunk to connect with the 1500-ft
level is down 55 feet, the bottom still in ore of
« fair quality. The south drift from cross-cat
No. 3 to connect with cross-cat No. 2 on the
1400-level has advanced 18 feet daring the
week, the face in ore of a fair quality. The
joint east drift on the 1300ft level has been ad-
vanced at the rate of 3% ft per day daring tb.e
week, the face still in clay quartz and porphyry
mi ied.
Ophib.— There ie little or no change what-
ever in the looks of the ore breasts, the daily
yield, or the quantity of the ore produced. The
north cross-cut at the bottom of the north
winze on the 1*100 ft level is now in a distance
of 130 ft, the faoe still in fine ore. Five east
cross-cuts have been started on the 1700 ft
level. The first of these cro-ts-cut* is nearly
on the line of the Ophir and California; the
second 100 feet further north , and each suc-
ceeding cross-out 100 feet north of the other.
These cross-cuts have been pushed out a dis-
tance of 40 ft eaoh, and when everything is in
complete readiness, it is the intention to drive
them all ahead at once, thus cross-catting the
entire ore vein on that level at one and the
same time, and prospect it in the most thor-
ough manner possible.
Calkdonia. — The new shaft is now down 85
ft. The excavation of the pits for the recep-
tion of the foundations for the new machinery
is making rapid progress, as is also the erection
of the double cylinder donkey engine to be used
for sinking the shaft until the erection of the
other engines is completed. Sinking the
incline at the old works is making good pro-
gress. Several car loads of the new machinery
arrived daring the week, and the remainder is
expected daily, until the whole is on the
ground.
Belcbkb. — Sinking the main incline is mak-
ing steady progress. The south winze
is now down to the 1500-ft level, and a drift
has been started south to connect with the
main north drift from the incline. The bottom
of the south, middle and north winzes are all
in fair ore. The face of the south drift on the
1500-ft level is still in quartz and porphyry,
mixed with clay and small streaks of ore. The
timbering of the new air shaft below the 800-ft
level is rapidly approaching completion. Daily
yield 450 tons, keeping the mills all steadily
running.
Julia. — Sinking the main shaft is progres-
sing 2% ft per day. The new air compressor
is in place ready to start into full operation.
The Burleigh drills for the shaft will also be in
readiuess for operation in a day or two more.
The shaft is now down 1266 ft, or 266 ft below
the 1000-ft level.
6avage. — The water tanks at the 2200-ft sta-
tion are about completed. Enlarging the main
drifts, retimbering, and the laying of the car
tracks on the 2200-ft level is rapidly approach-
ing completion. BriviDg the north drift on the
2200-ft level iB making the usual good head-
way.
Chollab-Potosi. — Daily yield, 40 tons of
ore, the assay value of which is $30 per ton.
This ore is taken from ore stopes and breasts
in the old upper workings of the mine.
Senatob. — The southeast cross-out still con-
tinues in the ore vein, not having yet reached
the hanging wall. The cross-cut has devel-
oped 17 ft of ledge, which appears at this point
to be considerably disturbed or broken up.
Hale & Nobcboss. — The north drift on the
2100-ft level is now in a distance of 310 ft and
is still driven rapidly ahead to conneot with
the Savage on the same level. The face of the
drift is still in a mixture of clay, quartz and
porphyry.
Globe Consolidated. — A drift north has
been started at the 250- ft level station, on the
vein of quartz encountered at that point while
sinking the shaft. This vein, where it was
struck, was about 2'% ft in width. It is grad-
ually widening as the drift progresses, and now
begins to look as though it would yet form a
body of pay ore.
Crown Point. — Daily yield 500 tons of ore
from the old upper levels. The prospecting
operations on the 1600-ft level are still vigor-
ously prosecuted with no new developments to
report. The opening of the 1700-ft station is
completed and a drift started to cut and pros-
pect the ledge at that point.
Leo. — Making steady progress with the work
of prospecting the tunnel level. Material in
face of main tunnel continues of a favorable
character.
Moore & Morgan. — Some very good looking
ore, assaying well in both silver and gold, has
been found during the week in cross-cutting at
or near the surface.
Utah. — Laying the heavy stone foundations
for the new and powerful pumping machinery,
is making rapid progress.
Woodville. — All work in the old mine is
stopped for the present, and all the force that
can be worked to advantage is now being em-
ployed in sinking the new shaft.
Silver Hill. — The erection of the Dew
pumping machinery is making as rapid pro-
gress as is possible, considering the nature of
the work.
Ladt Bryan. — Sinking the south winze below
the 80-ft level is making good progress, the
bottom still in ore. The main west cross-cut
on the 250-ft level has cut a fine body of white
metal bearing quartz.
Justice. — The sinking of the main incline
below the 800-ft level and also the main drift
south at that level, makes good progress.
North Consolidated Virginia. — The shaft
is down 140 ft, the bottom in vein material,
carrying a considerable proportion of quartz of Coroner, Melarkey, we made a flying visit a
a fine character, which gives low assays in gold
and silver.
Bullion. — The ledge development* south on
the 800-ft level still continue to look very favor.
able for the development of ore.
Niagara. — The ledge in the shaft is looking
well, the ore being of an excellent quality. The
new hoisting machinery will be set up and put
in operation as soon as it arrives.
Baltimore. — The new pumping engine has
been started up and works with the utmost per-
fection. The work of putting in the pomp
rods and connecting the same with pump bob
is making steady progress.
South Comstock. — More and better looking
streaks of quartz, clay and other vein material
are coming in at the bottom, indicating near
proximity to the ledge.
Mint.— The shaft is down 617 ft, the bottom
in ledge matter of a very favorable oharacter.
Strong hopes are entertained of the develop-
ment of a good body of ore.
Mexican. — The cross-cutting drifts to the
eastward, on the 1465-ft level, are showing an
improvement, and great faith is entertained of
finding pay ore on that level.
Kossuth. — Driving the prospecting drifts on
the 350-ft level is making rapid progress, with
somewhat more favorable prospects of an ore
development.
Overman. — Portions of the new pumping
machinery are arriving at the mine almost
daily, and the work of putting it in and getting
ready to drain the water from the lower levels
is being pushed ahead with all the energy pos-
sible.
Bock Island. — The new station at the 450-
ft level is about completed, ready to start a
drift to cat and prospect the ore vein at that
point.
CORNUCOPIA DISTRICT.
Mjning Operations. — Cor. Elko Independent,
April 20: The Hussey has a tunnel in sixty
feet, sinking shafts from the ends of the tun-
nel and the cross-cut drifting south. They are
down eighty-one feet, working most of the way
in ledge matter, and have taken out some horn-
silver. Indications are good. Chloride No. 1,
north of the Leopard, has a shaft and open
cut down about forty-five feet through a ledge
of very fine ore, milling over $600 per ton.
Has "pinched," but developments elsewhere
indicate that our mines are not on the surface,
and I understand that work in this mine will
be resumed in a short time. Good results may
be expected. The Black Diamond, under the
direction of our enterprising townsman, A. D.
Meacbam, has a' tunnel in over ninety feet,
working in very good ore and showing a ledge
one and a-half and two feet wide, which looks
promising. The Constitution and Morning
Star Consolidated, wards of the Leopard, have
turned out some first-class ore, and rich devel-
opments are looked for. The Leopard is "O.
K." and as safe as the Bank of California.
The Rambling Sailor and other mines and
locations in this vicinity too numerous to men-
tion at present, are all claimed to be good and
begin to loom into prominence. Business in
Cornucopia is getting brisk, and a lively time is
expected this spring snd summer.
TYBO DISTRICT.
New Hoisting Works. — On the 14th instant
the citizens of Tybo assembled at the Hudson
shaft of the 2-Gr mine, for the inauguration of
the new hoisting works, which were on that
day set in motion and now give entire satisfac-
tion. Toasts were drank and speeches made by
many of the townsmen to the success of the
Tybo Consolidated company. The shaft will
soon be sunk the required depth to drive a tun-
nel to the lower levels. It is estimated that at
a depth of 700 feet the ledge will be struck.
The furnace of the company is now being
re-lined and put in thorough repair. Work on
the twenty-stamp mill is progressing, and the
clatter of the crushers will be heard in a few
weekB. The mines at Reveille are showing
eood ore. Rich pockets are being found almost
daily. Gila stock is selling well. Most of the
people here have a little on hand and some are
increasing their amount. The Gila mill will
be running again on the 22d instant at its full-
est capacity. The future of the Tybo is to all
appearances a prosperous one. Underground
explorations develops immense bodies of rich
ore. Tybo promises to be a lively camp this
summer.
JEFFERSON MINES.
New Development. — Cor. Belmont Courier,
April 14: In this time of drouth in the way of
mining news, I am happy to be able to report
a new development of very rich ore in the
Prussian South mine (Jefferson company).
The company has been stoping for some time
past between the 220 and 140-fc levels, takiDg
out large quantities of very rich ore, from
which the mill has been supplied and from
which the large shipments of bullion have beep
made. This vein, or streak of rich ore, when
first struck three days ago, was about twelve
inches thick, but has become, as progress has
been made in the stope, nearly three feet in
thickness. And from Bamples of ore which I
have seen, and from what I am creditably in-
formed it assays, will mill several thousand
dollars per ton, causing the -whole ledge, as
taken out, to yield between $300 and $400 per
ton, without any sorting. The character of
the ore is chloride and horn-silver. The pros-
pects elsewhere through the mine are of a most
cheering character, both for the stockholders
and for the camp.
VVINNEMUCCA MOUNTAIN MINES
Work at the Mines. — Humboldt Register,
April 9: In company with our Deputy County
few days since to the minea in Winnemucoa
mountain. We were surprised to find so many
miners at work, and the vast amount of sub-
stantial work which has been done since our
last visit to the "diggings" about a year ago.
The Humboldt mill and mining company are
working 15 men in the Pride of the Mountain
mine, and are stoping ore from three different
places in the mines, besides sinking and drift-
ing in various directions for the purpose of ex-
ploring the mine. They are now getting ore in
sufficient quantities to keep the mill constantly
running. Al Boyer and Dick Merritt are at
work on the first location south, known as the
Winnemucca Chief, and are taking out some
excellent ore. Last Monday they struck what
they believe to be the main ledge, some GO ft
west of the old works. The ledge at this place
crops out boldly, and so far bb developed ap-
pears to be quite regular, containing a strata
of pay ore about fifteen iucheB thick, which as-
says from one to three hundred dollars per ton.
The Champion, which for several months
has been regarded as the mine of the district, is
now lying idle. One-third of this mine was
owned by the late J. A. Algauer, and at his
death all work on the mine stopped until an
administrator shall have been appointed to
pettle up the estate, when work will be resumed.
The hills are full of busy prospectors, and we
prediot that before the summer is over some
rich developments will be made in Winne-
mucca mountain.
WHITE PINE & ROBINSON DISTRICTS.
Mill Burned. — White Pine Neios, April 17:
The Watson company's 10-stamp mill, at Min-
eral City, Robinson District, waft entirely de-
stroyed by fire last Monday morning. The
mill had been lying idle some two weeks, and
no fires had been used about the building dur-
iog that time. Sunday night at 12 o'clock, the
watchman, Mr. Woodman, went to the mill and
found everything all right, and then retired for
the night. A little later the Canton company's
furnace whistle commenced blowing, and from
the length of time it continued, startled the in-
mates of that quiet town from their beds. After
the alarm was given, the first man at the mill
was Mr. Woodman, and he states that the mill
was then on fire in three different places. He
did all in his power to put out the fires with a
few buckets of water, but his efforts were fruit-
less, and in fifteen or twenty minutes the
building was burned down. We are informed
that the building was insured for a small
amount. At the present time there is no one
suspioioned of this great crime.
The burning of this mill is a most unfortunate
affair for the people of Mineral City, for nearly
all were more or less interested in its success,
and it has thrown a large number 'of persons
out of employment. An agreement had just
been made by the Wat on company to work
700 tons of ore for two different companies in
Ward District, which will be a serious detri-
ment to that new and flourishing distriot.
Montana,
Mining Season. — New Northwest, April 10: —
The mining season is going to be a little late.
The break-up seems now to have commenced,
but usually heretofore in some localities mining
has commenced within a week of this time, the
regular "opening day" of the Pioneer company
being about the 1st of April. This year, how-
ever, the snow still lies deep there. It has been
going off the valley rapidly the past day or two.
In '67 there was twenty inches of solid, average
snow in this vicinity; on 28 out of 31 nights in
March the thermometer was below zero, and
he first night it did not freeze was on the 14tht
of April. We can beat that in '75.
Oregon.
Sam's Valley. — Cor. Jacksonville Times,
April 10: Prospecting and locating cinnabar
claims are yet the order of the day" in this vi-
cinity. The field of operation seems to have
drifted from the north side of Evans creek to
the south. Neither homesteads or entered
lands escape the scrutiny of these experts.
This mineral has been discovered on several,
homesteads and also pieces of entered land,
which has given occasion for the exchanging of
some pretty rough compliments between par-
ties, of such a nature as to give offense to most
any one but the good humored prospector,
who seemB to have more interest in the steady
application of the pick than the multiplication
of idle words.
Washington Territory.
Quabtz Discovebies.— Walla Walla Union,
April 10: On Thursday we were shown some
gold taken from a piece of quartz picked up by
S. M. Wait's son, within ten miles of Dayton.
The rock was beaten up by Mr. A. H. Keynolds,
and there can be no doubt of the richness of
the rock, but as yet the ledge from which it
was taken has not been discovered. The peo-
ple of Dayton think they have a "bonanza"
somewhere near their town, and if a ledge of
such quality as the specimen referred to can
be found, it will certainly make *bo finder
rich. We also hear of finding rich float quayfcz
in the neighborhood of Whetstone Hollow, but
can give no particulars. It has long been be-
lieved that gnld-bearing quartz existed in the
Blue Mountains on the headwaters of the
Touchet and other streams in that direction,
and many years ago the Rev. Spalding, who
first visited this valley nearly forty years since,
was shown rich gold-bearing quartz which the
Indians had found in that section, Mr. S.
always belieyed that there were rioh mines
there.
New Zealand.
Eds. Pbkss:— In my former letteis I have
referred more particularly to the two principal
Australian colonies— Victoria and New South
Wales — partly because they are the most im-
portant, and partly because I am more familiar
with them than with the others. I would like
to say a few words, however, concerning New
Zealand. This colony consists of three islands
in a line with each other, and Bitnated about
five or six days steaming from either Sydney
or Melbourne. Two only of these islands are
of any considerable size, and one of them is
largely inhabited by the aboriginal natives,
oalled Maories. These natives area tine, intel-
ligent and warlike race, giving a considerable
amount of anxiety and trouble to their white
neighbors, but nevertheless slowly dying out.
The southern island is comparatively free from
them. Of the colony itself, it may be said to
be the Great Britain of the southern hemis-
phere so far as its physical features are con-
cerned and the enormous amount of public
debt it has contracted.
The country is said to be very billy, and
abounding in minerals of every description, but
too often they are found in altogether inacces-
sible places, so that for the present a great deal
of its wealth lies buried for future generations.
The climate is colder and wetter than on the
Australian continent, but the people seem to
enjoy it, for as a rule they are stouter and
ruddier than those of the other colonies. For
Borne time past and for some time to come, at
least, there will be pretty general prosperity, by
reason of the expenditure of the vast sums
of money recently borrowed by their
Chief Secretary, Mr. Julius Vogel, and
which is being used on public works
and in introducing emigrants in large
numbers. Whether the prosperity will con-
tinue when all the borrowed money has been
expended is a problem yet to be solved; but at
all events it is, I think, pretty certain that if
the new colonists go to work with a will, and
especially if they condescend to let their
brains guide their work, they will find ample
scope for profitably employing all their ener-
gies.
From the statistics I sent you some time
Bince you will discover that pastoral pursuits
are not bo actively engaged in here as in New
South Wales, the Agricultural interest holding
a higher position here than in that colony,
whilst the great seaboard offers facilities for
the formation of small settlements whioh are not
afforded by the other colonies, and the_ conse-
quence is that the coast is dotted with villages,
whioh will doubtless develop in due time into
important commercial cities. Altogether, there
is a bright and promising prospect for this
place.
I notice that another American invention is
about to be introduced here, a gentleman named
Ephraim Chaquette having applied for letters
patent for a machine for holding, turning, and
shearing sheep. It is to be hoped, however,
that he will not stop short with obtaining his
patent, but that he will send some of his
machines here with a competent man to work
them. I make this remark because I notioe
that when you make inquiries as to where most
of the machines patented here by English and
American inventors are to be seen, what is
their price and capabilities, you can get scarcely
any information whatever; and on the other
hand I have seen good, useful maohines
declared worthless simply because the person
temporarily in charge knew nothing about
them or how they should be worked.
Another invention, entitled "a new appa-
ratus for tying knots," and which I under-
stand iB to be used principally for the purpose
of tying the string or cord around sheaves, has
been brought on the tapis since my last. Its
construction is a seoret at present, but that it
will tie the two ends of the string into a firm
knot, close to the sheaf, I can personally vouch
for, as I have seen it do it.
One of the most noticeable items of informa-
tion during the month has been of a very pain-
ful character, one of our best intercolonial
steamers, the Gothenburg, 500 tons register,
having been caught in a cyclone during her
passage from what is known as the "Northern
Territory" (of South Australia) to the South-
ern colonies, and driven on a reef. Of a total
of nearly 110 souls only twenty-nine have been
saved. *
Melbourne, March 9, 1875.
[The machine for holding, turning and shear-
ing sheep was patented in this country through
the Mining and Scientific Press Patent
Agency. The Australian patents have been
applied for also through this agency. Mr.
Chaquette has constructed a full- sized working
machine, and his tests of it have been so satis-
factory that he is now making several others.
A joint stock company has been organized to
exploit this invention, both in the United
.States and Australia. Our Australian friends
will in all probability be supplied with these
machines at no distant day. We notice that
the invention has been considered of sufficient
importance to warrant an unsolicited descrip-
tion and illustration in Earper's Weekly. As
soon as the inventor has completed his arrange-
ments we will give an extended description, and
possibly an illustration of this machine.—1, ■
Pbess.]
-Eds.
270
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[April 24, 1875
Continued from Page 266-
it. It is put down in the Australian books as
being teredo-proof. If that is so, if the piles
put down in our harbor here are subject to in-
jury from teredos, certainly one of the very
first things our people ought to do would be to
send over there aDd get some of tbis Syncarpa.
This book gives its location as exactly the
same as for almost all of these eucslypts.
Hyrtis communis is a myrtle tree; a' small
sized tree, growing in Western Asia, of some
importance for its timber: It may be paid to
be of local value. The tree is of more import-
ance, because it gives the name to the group.
Many other species are of some value,
but they are not yet utilized in commerce.
Now, a word as to the myrtlef We have a little
bit of a plant here which we call myrtle, a little
trailing plant, and we are apt to get our idea of
the order from that. In fact, I have seen some
quite well-informed people who thought the
little trailing plant belonged to this order. This
myrtle belongs to an entirely different group,
haBn't any relation -to it. The "trailing myr-
tle" belongs to' the dogbane family; its proper
name is "periwinkle."
Among food plants— guavas, Malay apples,
rose apples and a few others are highly prized
fruils of moderate-sized trees in the hotter cli-
mates of both hemispheres. One of them — a
small apple— is very delicious. We get them
here only occasionally as preserves. They are
never brought, I think, as green fruits.
The Aromatic Fruits.
Among these we have as the most important,
the clove tree (Fig. 2), Oaryophyllus aromati-
cus, a native of the Molucca islands, now cul-
tivated in India, Oeylon, West Indies, etc. It
is a mcderate-sized evergreen tree, and the
clove is simply the flower before it opens. You
can take a clove, after soaking it in water, and
by carefully opening it, see the stamens and
"pistils; all the parts of the flower are then very
nicely shown. Thfly are simply gathered just
before they open and are dried.
Allspice is the fruit of a little tree very
closely allied to real myrtle; it belongs to the
species Eugenia Pimento, of the West Indies;
now cultivated in the East Indies and countries
having the same climate. In fact, some of the
trees that are brought here and grown upon
grounds as ornaments have a peppery or all-
spice-like taste, and so get the name allspice
tree. The fruits are berry-like — little hard
berries, and these are gathered and dried, and
are the allspice.
Among the medicine products, we obtain an
oil from the myrtle, that is, from the myrtle
tree, Myrtis communis, which is somewhat val-
uable, and is used considerably in medicine.
The pomegranate, Punica granatum — and this
is the genuine pomegranate — is a small tree of
India and "Western Asia, cultivated in Southern
Europe. The flowers are usually scarlet, and
yield a red dye. The fruit is greatly valued in
warm countries. The pulp of this is used in
the marufacture of cooling drinks, so, of
course, is of some value in the treatment of
siok pe ople. The rind is quite astringent, and
is used in medicine and (especially that of the
bitter kind} contains tannin, used for tanning
the finer kinds of leather. That used in tan-
ning morocco is largely derived from the pome-
granate. The bark and roots of the pome-
granate tree are also used in medicine, and are
of some value, as* they possess astringent prop-
erties. The fruit has a tough, leathery rind,
of a beautiful deep golden color, tinged with
red.
The pomegranate we have here is an ally of
the squash. The name is given, I think, be-
cause of a slight resemblance in the fruit. It
is not the true pomegranate at all, referred to
in oriental literature, as you will find by read-
ing carefully in these books that refer to it.
The eucalyptus is valuable for medicine, I
am informed. I have been told sgrne very
strange things about it. I heard a statement
that in China people living in eucalyptus groves
were healthy, while others, living in places just
the same, but out of the groves, were troubled
with all sorts of fevers and similar diseases.
[Student— "An Englishman who has been to
Australia tells me the people have fevers there
right amoDgst these trees, the same as where
there are none at all."] I think it needs a great
deal more investigation. The fast is, we find
very few if any plants which exert a very
marked influence on the atmosphere.
All these stories about plants so poisonous
that birds can not fly over them
Will Not Do to Rely Upon.
When we become acquainted with the plant
we find it is not so noxiuus a.* was represented.
On the otber baud we find 1h.1t tho^e which
are so exceedingly valuable, filling the air with
peifume a'<d all that— we find the<e stories
have to be takea with a great deal of allow-
ance. Although a gteat deal of valunble mat-
ter has been written up here on the coast
referring to the eucalyptus, and I have no
doubt that from the tree— from this aromatic
principle it contains in such abundance — we
can obtain a great deal of material which will
be more or less valuable, yet it will have to be
worked up. There may be a very valuable
substance in the tree, as quinine, or that from
which it is manufactured, is in the Cinchona.
Tbe myrtles are ornamental and are gro oi
largely un that account. The eucalyptus is
a'bo grown, a-* it is here and several species of
Eugenia; in fact jou hardly go into a green-
house but that you will find them, and here
there are more or less of them growing out of
doors. The second family,
The Rose Family,
Of the order Rosacecs, is made up of herbs,
shrubs and trees, found mostly in the tem-
perate climates and pretty largely in the tem-
perate zone. It includes about a thousand
species and these differ so much that they have
been thrown into three, ami occasionally four
sub-orders. I have adopted Dr. Gray's plan
and we will notice these as three sub-orders;
taking up the topics by themselves.
First, the food plants. I may say the first
sub-order, including Almonds, Peaches and
Plums, is made up of plants whose fruits are
single; that is, they are single stone fruits.
There is a poisonous principle running through
all the species of this sub-order, which is allied
to the chemical compound, prussic acid, hav-
ing the same odor and, to a certain extent,
the same effects. It is considered by some to
be identical with this. It resides mostly in the
seeds, leaves and stems. Take the seed of the
peach or plum and in its green state you will
get an appreciable amount of this prussic acid
from it.
The almond, Prunus communis, is a native of
Persia, and with it we are quite familiar. It is
grown here in California pretty largely, and I
am told by Mr. Stearns that it can be grown
as far north as the north line of the State, of
course excepting the mountain and hill tops.
The peach. Prunus Persica, is a native of
Persia also, and it is an opinion of native bot-
anists that the almond and the peach are sim-
ply varieties of one original form. Compare,
the pits or stones of the two and you will see
they are very much alike, except one being
smoother than the other. While we must re-
tain them for convenience under different
names, we comsider them asoriginally the same.
The nectarine is only a smoothvariety of the
peach. There are also a great many sub-
varieties.
The apricot seems a little between the peach
and the plum. The apricot is cultivated, or
can be cultivated largely throughout almost all
parts of California and would be a very paying
crop.
. The plum, Prunus domestica, a native of
The perfumes of the group are derived
almost all from the roses. There are several
hundred species of them. The place which
may be considered as the geographical center
of the roses is away over in Southern Asia,
just south of the Himalaya mountains, in the
northern part of Hindostan, upon the little
valleys between the points of the mountains
that run away out where the valley of Cash-
mere is. There the whole country seems to be
one great rose garden. Attar of roses, oil of
roses and a great many other rich things — all
have roses' perfume,
Medicines.
From blackberry root and some others we get
some astringent medicines. [Student — "What
is the difference between the oil of roses and
the attar of roses?"] There is a little difference
in preparation in Japan, though I don't know
just what the difference is.
By the way, it is hardly ever pure. The
high price is a great temptation to put in all
sorts of other materials.
Other plants belong to the genus Bosa. The
rose, however, may be considered as the prin-
cipal one. I suppose it must be acknowledged
as the ornamental plant of the world. I think
there is no question but that it stands at the
head of the list.
In the third sub-order, apples and pears, we
have what is botanically called a pome for the
fruit. The pear, Pyrus communis, is a native
of Southern Europe and Western Asia, found
throughout Syria and the countries lying some-
what eastward of that.
The apple, P. Malus, is supposed to have
been derived from the wild crab apple of
Europe. I am not certain but it is also found
in Western Asia. The quince, Cydonia vul-
garis, is also a native of Western Asia.
Now just take a glance over these fruits.
All the more important ones are from our for-
mer home,
The Home of our Race,
Away back there in Southwestern Asia. There
we got our pea«h, and as you have seen, the
plum, cherry, pear, quince and apple, all came
Fig:. 1. Myrtle, in Flower
Southern Europe. We grow a great many vari-
eties.
The common cherry, Prunus Cerasus, is a
native of Southern Europe and a plant which
has undergone a great deal of modification so
that we hardly know what its original form
was. The peach is thought to be a variety of
some original; what-the original was we hardly
know.
Tbe plum is Prunus domestica. That is the
name we give it now, but then we are just as
much at a loss as to its original form as in the
case of the peach. You may- say very safely
when- you give it a name, that its name is
Prunus domestica. We give it a name, but we
do not mean by that, that this form is entirely
separate, that is, that it is a separate species.
It is simply a cultivated form of the wild plum,
which has another name in Europe.
The timber of wild cherry is inclined to be of
a reddish color and is used largely for interior
work and for cabinet work. I think there is
no wild cherry on this coast large enough to be
used. Of medicines there are few of value.
The most important are derived from the wild
cherry of the East. All cherry-like trees seem
to have in them more or less medicinal proper-
ties. Probably it is on account of that poison-
ous principle; fur our poisons furnish us our
medicines, largely.
The second suborder may be called the sub-
order of roses, etc. In this group, we have an
astringent principle running through the whole.
Among the food plants we have a number-of
berries. The strawberry is one of the best.
There are a number of varieties — Fragaria
onca, Virginians elatior and others. The Vir-
giniana seems to be the best of all.
The Raspberries. Bubus idceus is the Euro-
pean form, which is grown here as well as in
Europe. Bubus occidentalis (black) and Rubus
strigorus (red). Those two species are our
American forms — that is they are the forms to
be. found east of the Rocky mountains and the
ones very largely'in cultivation throughout tbe
United State*, alsn on this coast. Of bl ck-
berries we have Bubus villosits, an American
furm. There are other forms; these, how-
ever, will stand as our representative black-
berries and raspberries.
2. Leaves and Flowers of the Clove Tree-
from that same region, so that we have been
accustomed to know them now we don't know
how many ages. " . -
The Pulse family, Leguminosos, of which
beans and peas are representatives — a very use-
ful order, by the way — is made up of herbs,
shrubs and trees, including more than 6,000
species, standing as you see next to the com-
posites in point of numbers.
Food plants: First, the bean, Phassolus. Of
this 'there are several species. P. vulgaris is
the pole bean of India, also grown here. The
Lima bean, P. lunatus, instead of being a na-
tive of South America, as the name "Lima"
would imply, is a native of India, just a little
beyond the home of the Arian rose. Peas be-
long to the genus Pisum; species, sativum, a
native of the old world. There-is hardly any-
where a place they will not grow and in some
parts of the world they furnish the poorer
classes a great amount of food. In India, there
is. a species under the name of "Chowler."
"Soy" is in India, also the pigeon pea. Lentils
are grown in Egypt. The peanut is grown in
America. This peanut is a little peculiar in
that it sends its pods down into the ground,
after it has flowered, and there ripens them.
Forage plants: Under tbis head we have the
tare 5. which are grown largely in Europe,
\ Vicia sativa) and also iu the far Ea^t: that is,
poitions of Asia. The tares resemble, to a
certain extent, lucerne or alfalfa, I have S' en
tbem grown simply as an experimeur. Differ-
ent clovers come under the genus Trifolium.
The principal one is the red clover of Europe,
T. Pratense. Another epecies and white clover,
T. repens, are also largely grown in Europe. I
eaw quite a number of otber Trifoliums, I
take it, growing wild about here. A very great
addition has been made to clovers, what is
called alsike, which probably would grow well
here. These aTe annuals, biennials or peren-
nials according to the climate where they are
grown. In the East, people used to have gnat
discussiorjs whether red clover was biennial or
perennial. It was finally decided to depend
upon conditions of climate. Lucerne, Medicago
saliva, is grown in Europe, used as a forage
plant and also for green manuring. Within a
fewy 3i:> t has come around to us here under
this name, alfalfa. I do not know whether we
will succeed in introducing it in the East or not.
An attempt was made to introduce it under the
old name, lucerne, from England. It failed.
Now the attempt is made under the name of
alfalfa. Whether it will fail or not I do not
know; people seem to like the name alfalfa
better than they did lucerne, and are trying it.
Timber plants : From your acquaintance
with the order you would hardly expect timber
plants init,yet there are many of exceeding im-
portance. First, acacias, which are largely
grown here as shrubs, in Australia are large
trees. Their wood is of great value. Acacia
melanoxylon produces a dark colored, almost
black wood in parts of Australia, which is con-
sidered almost equal to mahogany; it seems to
take on a. poliBh just about as well. Red
sandal wood is obtained from Pterocarpus san-
talinus, a native of India. The wood is of a
red color, very heavy, close grained, consid-
erably used for very many purposes. Its wood
contains a good deal of .coloring matter. This
is obtained, by cutting the wood into small
chips and boiling it. Jamacia ebony, which is
sometimes called "green ebony, "is obtained
frcm Brya Ebenus. It is a small tree some
thirty feet high, yielding a hard wood of a
brownish color and is used quite extensively.
Rosewood, so largely used in the manufac-
ture of furniture, is obtained principally from
two trees, Dalbergia laiifolia, a smallish tree in
India and D. nigra of Brazil.
This Brazilian is considered to be the best
and so the Brazil rosewood is recognized aB
standing at the head of the list. Take any
piano — the veneering is usually rosewood.
Usually only ordinary wood is covered over
with a thin shaving. You need not expect to get
solid rosewood, on account of its costliness. I
have seen a greatmany piano lids of ordinary
white pine covered over with rosewood veneer-
ing. In some cases the rosewood itself is
imitated. [Student — "Is it not generally true
that these very heavy woodB check and split off
when used in large masses?"] This is a great
deal the case. It might however be seasoned
and prevent this. Another thing, a lumber
might be exceedingly valuable but brittle,
strong in certain ways, but would not endure
the ordinary wear and tear of everyday use.
Mora wood, Mora excelsa— and you will find
it in the market under the name mora— is a
native of tropical America. It is a large tree,
growing one hundred and fifty or two hundred
feet high, having a very fine dark brown wood,
strong and durable. It is eaid the Mexicans
use it for shipbuilding. It is also suitable for
cabinet work. Yesterday I was visiting some
manufacturing establishments, and found that
they were using some of this mora wood. You
take it up, it is almost like taking up that
amourt of iron. It is very full of a very pecu-
liar, resinous material, which seems to give it
its weight. In the Eastern States we have lo-
cust wood, from a native of Europe grown
largely throughout all the United States.
Lately, for making wagon hubs in this State,
the wood of Pseua-acacia, or false acacia, has
been used. The honey locust, GkdUscHa
triacanthus and different species, is a large tree
in the Eastern United States, growing some-
times to the Bizeof two feet in diameter, has a
very heavy, firm wood, used, like the other, for
making wagon hubs. The wood of this last
has a dark color, not quite as dark as ordinary
walnut. Among the medicinal products is li-
quorice, from a native of Europe. That is, the
liquorice roots are gathered and used. Senna
ie from the far East. The Calabar bean is also
from the Eastern continent.
Gums and Balsams.
First, is gum tragacanth, derived from a
species of Astragalus, growing in Western Asia.
Gum Arabic, so largely used for mucilage, is
derived from a species of acacia. The Western
Asiatic and a Western African species furnish
the most of the gum Arabic that we have.
Probably, some- of these acacias here would
furnish a pretty good gum. Gum kino is de-
rived from some Indian trees. Gum copal,
used so much in copal varnish, is from trees
of Eastern Africa and adjacent countries.
There are a number of other gums of more or
less value. Balsam Peru, balsam tolu, and a
number of others, are from South American
trees, so that the order is remarkably full of
this kind of products.
Dyes.
The one of the most importance is indigo,
derived from a little plant, Jndigofera tinctoria,
found in the East Indies, and from a wild spe-
cies, I. anil, found in the West Indies. It is a
little plant, more or less shrubby, and is cut
about as we cut clover hay, brought in green,
thrown into large vats and a little water
turned on. A fermentation takes pluce. Iu
time the coloring matter tnrns dark, almost
Hack. After a while 'he vats are draioed and
the matter is found at tbe bottom aDd our in-
digo i* derived from it. It is, perhaps, the
most widely used of any of the dyes we have.
Brazil-wood, used largely as a dve, is from
South America, from the Cwsalpinus. It is
chopped up, and the coloring matter is ex-
tracted. Logwood, which furnishes one of the
best red dyes we have, is also derived in the
same way from one of tbe South American
trees — al?o a number of other dyes of more or
less importance.
We have further the use of the lupines here
on our coast in fixing the sands of the beach.
In a drive over the other side, across to Seal
Rocks and the Cliff EL use the other day, I no-
ticed great tracts had been ti«d down, as it
were, and the heretofore diifting fand was se-
cured by this growth. It was a novel use for
these plants and quite peculiar.
April 24, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
271
UsEfJL IftfOFtpfpON.
Lace Leather.
A good lace leather, with which to lace
threshing machine belts, as well as for innu-
merable other purposes, can be manufactured
in-tho following manner: Make a strong in-
fusion of lime water, in which immerse calf or
doer skins. They should be taken out and
aired every day until the hair can be easily re-
moved. If the skins are dry they u-ibl be
soaked in water and rubbed until they become
as soft as they were when they were taken off
the animal. This must be done previous to
being put into lime water. After the bttir is re-
moved, immerse for a few days in "bran water"
(wheat bran); then scrape tho skins on both
sides until clean, and bang up until partly dry;
then oil them on both sides with tish oil (whale
oil), and for want of a pair of fulling stocks
pound them with a club, or a maul, for uu hour
or two; roll them up and let them lay a couple
of hours; oil and pound them again; hang up
and air a short time; then repeat the process
of oiling and pounding — the longer and oftener
the better; after which hang up and dry by the
carefully managed heat of a stove. Tben stretch
and soften them by drawing them over the
edge of a shovel; you will then have a " whine
leather" that will Btop all whining.
A TJsspDii Table. — The following table,
computed from actual experience, will be
found very useful in calculating the weight
of loads, etc. — or the weight of any of
the articles mentioned, in bulk. It shows
the weight per cubic foot. All that is nec-
essary, therefore, is to measure the bulk;
ascertain the number of cubic feet in it; mul-
tiply this by the weight per foot, and divide by
2,000, when you have the weight per ton:
Substance. Weight per Ctjdio Foot
Cast Iroo . 460 lbs,
Water 62 H ••
White Pine, eeasoD*d, about 39 "
Whlt« Oak « " 52 «•
Loose Earth 95 "
Common Soil, compact....' 121 "
Clay about 135 "
Clay with BtoneB 160 "
Brick 12S "
Hygienic Boot Soles. — Is there any method
of making the bottoms of boots so moisture
will not puss through them ? This is a practi-
cal question — several methods have been tried.
One is to have a cork layer between the inner
and outer sole; but this thickens the boot bot-
tom too much. Another is to cover the bottom
of the boot with rubber; but the rubber soles
are apt to come off, as they have to be ce-
mented on. Stall another way is to have a
rubber sole with a leather margin pegged on,
and this we think: has proved more or less sat-
isfactory; but it is difficult to introduce it.
'What is needed is that common leather should
be so prepared as to be be impervious to water.
It can be done — who of our hygienists will do it ?
Haie can be turned blonde, or, in other
words, killed, by washing in a very weak so-
lution of soda twice a day. "We happen to
know that two of the leading belles of New
York society owe their much- admired golden
tresses to this simple recipe. A piece .of soda
about as big as a small hickory nut to a quart
or 60 of water is the right proportion. Less
soda gives the hair a reddish tone. Perhaps
this may not be considered strictly useful in-
formation? We give it simply as a matter of
general interest, but do not advocate any such
interference with nature.
Imitation of Tortoise Shell. — The appear-
ance of tortoise shell may be given to horn by
brushing it over with a paste made of two parts
of lime, one part of litharge, and a little soap-
lye, which is allowed to dry. This is the same
as the Indian hair-dye, and acts by forming
sulphuret of lead with the sulphur contained in
the albumen of the horn, producing dark spots,
which contrast with the brighter color of the
horn.
A simple, cheap and efficient protection for
steam pipes may be prepared as follows: One
hundred pounds of clay are mixed' with water,
and one hundred pounds of fine nsh-s added
and well kr>e»d-d, tben mixed with one pound
of h-'ir. Ttis mixture i-> well incorpora'ed ant
allowed to stand, until needed to use. Just be-
fore using, t n pounds of ground plaster of
PHris tire mixed wuh it. The nixture, of
course, soon sets, and cannot be kept over
twelve hours after the plaster is added.
Power Kequtred fob the Circular Saw. —
We find the following in an exchange; "A
circular saw requires one horse power for- every
seventy feet of lumber cut per hour. Periph-
ery of the SiW should run six thousand feet
per minute. A thirty-horse power driving a
saw of four feet diameter five hundred revolu-
tions per minute, will cut two thousand feet of
boards in an hour, when in good order."
Crayons for Drawtng on Glass. — Melt togeth-
er equal quantities of asphaltum and yellow
wax; add lampblack, and pour the mixture iuto
moulds for crajons. The glass should be well
wiped with hatber, and in drawing be oareful
not to soil the glass with the fingets. In tiim
ming these crayons, the point may easily be
rendered very fine.
Fbesco painting is so called because executed
with water colors upon fresh plaster. This
plaster is made of Blacked lime and fine sand,
and is applied upon a coating rough enough to
make it adhere to it. The fresco needs a wall
from materials tinctured with saltpetre, and
the colors must bo such as the lime does not
change. When the artist has polished and
mado very smooth the surface to be painted, he
traces upon it the previously prepared compo-
sition. The designs, of the size of the picture,
are called cartoons, because prepared upon
large sheets of paper glued together. Upon
the wall the drawing is traced with a point of
ivory or wood, or the contour of the drawing
is pricked with a pin and a tampon dipped in
oharuoal passed along the lines of the holes,
which fixes the desigu on the plaster. After-
ward the artist follows the tracing with a sharp
pointed pencil or stylus, and the indelible con-
tour is called the nail of the fresco.
A new white pigment is, according to the
English Mechanic, demanded by the exigencies
of modern industry. The paint should be as
good a covtrer as white leud, not easily discol-
ored by the chemical action of gases, and, when
mixed with oil, should work easily under the
brush. The white paints iu general use are
white lead, sulphate of baryta, Spanish white
and zinc-white. The latter does not become
discolored under the- action of sulphuretted
gases and sulphur vapors, not because sulphur
gases and vapors do not form Bulphides of zinc,
but because the sulphide of zinc which is
formed is, unlike other sulphides, destitute of
color. Of course an essential quality of the
new pigment must be cheapness.
American Phosphorus.— The only phospho-
rus works in the United States are located on
the Rancocus creek, iu Burlington county, N.
J. At present the establishment is running at
one-half its capacity, turning out about seven
hundred pounds of phosphorus per week. It
is a noteworthy fact that during a suspension
of the former proprietors the prices ran up 25
per cent., but now have dropped back to their
old figures.
Planished Sheet Iron, said to be superior
to the best Russian sheet iron, is said to be
turned out by a company recently organized in
Pennsylvania. The company has hit upon a very
hwppy devicefora trade-mark. It represents the
Russian bear lying upon the broad of his back,
with an American eagle crouching over and
holding him helpless with talons and beak.
The idea is spoken of as a very "good hit."
Qood He^ltH°
Medical Literature. — The medical profes-
sion publish, in the United States, over one
hundred journals. If one-fourth of this medi-
cal literature could be popularized and given
to the people, instead of being confined to the
profession, more good would be accomplished.
Information in relation to sanitary reform,
etc., published in the journals of the day,
would be more beneficial to the people at large
than all the medical journals of the country.
We hope to see the time when police records
and detailed accounts of crime will give way in
our ordinary journals for articles on scientific,
educational and industrial subjects.
For cold feet the best remedy is, dip them
every night and morning in a basin of cold
water, and afterwards rub them dry with a
coarse towel. To harden the feet, tannic acid
has been used with success. Employ it in the
proportion of five grains to a fluid ounce of
water. To correct offensive smell of the feet,
bathe them in a weak solution of permangan-
ate of potassa; one scruple to eight ounces of
water. For absorbing excessive perspiration of
the feet, mix together several ounces of the
carbonate of magnesia, two ounoes of powdered
calcimen of alum, seven ounces of- orris root,
and half a dram of powdered cloves.
What a Man Consumes. — "Having ascer-
tained the weight of what I could live upon, so
as to preserve health and strength," says the
Rev. Sydney Smith," and what I really have
lived upon, I found that between the ages of
ten and seventy years I had eaten and drunk
forty-four horse wagon loads of meat Hnd drink
moie than would have preberved me in life Hnd
health! The value of ■ bis mass of nourish-
ment I consider worth seven thousand pounds
sterling! So by my voracity I mu-t have
starved to death fully a hundred persons; a
fright! ul calculation, but irresUtably true."
Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Ear.
— Let the operator take six inches, or
aB much as he pleases of horse hair, double it
into a loop, then having the patient placed on
his bide, pass the loop into the e a- as far as it
will go; turn it gently, and at first or second
withdrawal the foreign body will come out in
the loop. It eives no pain, and cannot do
damage. — Med. and Surg. Journal.
Electricity and Disease. — The increasing
use of electricity in medical practice is worth
notice. It is now applied as a remedy for
toothache — a current of electricity being inge-
niously appled to the seat of the pain. The
instrument employed is delicate and specially
contrived for the purpose. Chilblains, it is
Baid, are also speedily cured if treated by elec-
tricity.
How the Brain is Supplied with Blood.
The brain, says the Herald of Health, is sup-
plied with blood by four arterial trunks which
enter the cranial cavity at no great distance
from one another and then unite into the
"Circle of Willis," from which are given off
the various branches that distribute arterial
blood to every part of the brain substance.
After traversing this, the blood returns by the
vi ins, greatly altered by its chemical composi-
tion, especially as regards the loss of free
oxygen, and its replacement by various oxy-
compounds of carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus,
etc., that have been formed by a process
analogous to combustion. Now, if one, two or
three of the arterial trunks be tied, the total
supply of blood to the brain is diminished, but
in virtue of the "Circle of Willis," no part is
entirely deprived of blood, and the functional
activity of the brain is still maintained. If,
however, the fourth artery is compressed so as
to prevent the passage of blood there is an im-
mediate and complete suspension of activity,
the animal becoming as unconscious as if it
had been stunned by a severe blow, but recov-
ering as soon as the blood is again allowed to
flow through the artery. In fact & "stunned"
state produced by a blow on the head is not
directly dependent upon the effect of that blow
upon the brain, which may have sustained no
perceptible injury whatever, the stale of insen-
sibility being due to the paralysis of the heart
and suspension of circulation induced by the
"shock;" and the like paralysis, with the same
result, may be produced by a blow on the epigas-
trum (acting on the great "solar plexus" of
nerves), or some overpowering mental emo-
tion. Again there is a curious affection termed
hysterio coma, which consists in the sudden
supervention of complete insensibility and the
equally sudden and complete return of con
scious intelligence without any other indication
of brain disorder. The insensibility may come
on while the patient is talking, so as to inter-
rupt the utterance of a sentence, and the mo-
ment that it passes off the series of words is
taken up and. completed, without the patient
being aware that it has been interrupted. With
our present improved knowledge of the action
of the vaso-motor system of nerves in produ-
cing local contractions of the arteries, and of
liability to be influenced by those emotional
irregularities in which hysteria essentially con-
sists, we can scarcely doubt that the affection
is due to temporary disturbance of this circula-
tion through that agency. Further, if the blood
transmitted to the brain, though not deficient
in quantity, be depraved in quality by the want
of oxygen and the accumulation of carbonic
acid, (as in asphyxia), there is gradually in-
creasing torpor of the mental faculties ending
in complete insensibility.
The Heroic Treatment.
As an illustration of the power of one poison
to counteract another in the human system a
recent case in South Bend, Indiana, furnishes
a highly important and interesting instance.
We give the statement as reported in the
Tribune, published at that place:
Dr. Harris was called to the relief of a
wonld-be suicide, and administered the suc-
cessful antidote. The person had taken between
forty and fifty grains of opium, and was fast
dying. He could no longer swallow, his extrem-
ities were cold and had turned black, while his
respirations only numbered between six
and seven to the minute. This last of
itself seemed to indicate that all hope was
gone, as anything less than eight respirations
had heretofore been known as a sure pre-
cursor of death. As a last resort the doctor
determined to try what is known as the heroic
treatment, and he accordingly, with a hypo-
dermic syringe, injected two-thirds of a drachm
of nux vomica, dissolved in a teaspoonful of
water, beneath the skin over the heart, stom-
ach, spine, and on each arm above the elbow,
and on the calf of each leg. The quantity of
nux vomica would have been the death of any
well man in existence, but in antagonism to
the opium it was in this seemingly hopeless
case an agent of life, andiu fifteen minutes the
man was sitting up in bed, conscious, and rap-
idly recovering.
Another Case of Heroic Treatment
Is told by the Springfield (Mass.) Republican
of the way B. A Leonard, a dumb mau, resid-
ing in Soutbbnd^e, recently recovered his voice.
He lost it about a year ago, while, recoverir g
from an attack of c-rebro-spinal meur gitis,
but a. few mornings since he was awuki-ned
about four o'clock by a sense of oppression and
faintness. He became conscious enough to
understand that gas was escaping from a co»l
stove, and that he would Foon die unless he
could get to Iresh air; so, after many falls and
tumbles he g lined the outside of the door,
where he fainted, but was snon aroused by the
lapping and tugging of a faithful Newfoundland
dog. Then the thought came to him that his
wife and child were in the bousf, and though
he had not spoken for momln be called
loudly for help. His cries, united wiih the
howls the dog set up, soon roused a neighbor,
to whom he told his troubles, and again fainted,
and was insensible for two hours. On recover-
ies be was unable to talk, but the doctor, ou
heaiing the case, caught an idea, and ordered
him to visit the gas house and breathe air in
the purifviug-room. After spending an hour
and a half there he could talk in a whisper,
and has since steadily regained the perfect use
of his voice.
DopEspc EcofiopiY-
Snail Eating in France.
A correspondent of the St. Louis Globe writes
as follows: Some of the dishes of Paris are
peculiar. Snails, for example, are greatly
relished. You oan see them in the windows of
the third-rate restaurants, and they may be had
at the first-class places, but not generally.
Snail-eating is an ancient Roman custom, still
practised iu Italy. The old Romans regarded
the mollufik as a great delicacy, taking un-
wearied pains to cultivate it. The wealthy
epicures had mailleries, causing snails to be
fattened with boiled spiced barley and aromatic
wine. They were imported from Sicily and
the Balearic Isles, and commanded a high
price.
The snails in the Paris market usually come
from the wine-making regions in the vicinity.
They are very fond of grape leaves, on whioh
they are found, and sent in quantities to the
capital. They are sold wholesale to the Halles
Centrales and other markets for from twelve
to sixteen soug a hundred, and are retailed for
from one to three francs a hundred, according
to quality and size. The French often suck
them out of the shell, as "Yankees" do oys-
ters; but, generally, they boil them in the shell,
and eat them with a batter composed of butter,
pepper, salt, herbs and eggs.
There may be-^probably there is — something
abhorrent to you in swallowing a snail. It is
all a matter of education. I once had a feeling
of repulsion concerning the little slimy
creature, but I have overcome the feeling. The
snail greatly resembles the oyster, except that
it is terrene instead of marine. If we had never
eaten oysters, we should shrink from the idea
of eating them, and yet we devour them with
the greatest satisfaction, and count persons
foolish who have not learned to like them.
There is no more intrinsic reason to recoil
from a snail. I remember the first time I
swallowed qne. It was a year ago in Venice.
I had seen the Italians undergo the suction
without a shudder — nay, with gusto. I swal-
lowed a snail by a pure effort of will, and with
the greatest difficulty prevented myself from
imitating Vesuvius. My imagination played me
sad tricks for a few minutes. I fancied I could
feel it crawling within, that the flavor was dis-
agreeable, that it had nauseated me, etc. I
was sure it was a delusion, and so it was. The
cauBe was the novelty of the experience. I
swallowed more snails, and discovered that
they tasted not unlike shrimps. Once to get
rid of the idea of what they were, was to relish
them — at least moderately. I prefer them
cooked to raw. They are excellently cooked
here, and I am confident that every one "who
enjoys shell-fish would enjoy snails, were he
left in ignorance of their name. Persons who
want to cultivate their taste in this direction
should begin with the mollusks boiled and
served with butter.
The Burgundy snail, bo called because it is
found in the domains of the old province, is
the largest and best in this market. It is about
two inches long, and might easily be mistaken
by the palate for a Bmall oyster.
The police, who always supervise everything
here, whatever the change of government, do
not negleot the snail market. It is essential
they should not. The animal has a partiality,
for unwholesome and poisonous plants, partic-
ularly tobacco and belladonna; devouring
them greedily and without ill consequences.
Still, if it were eaten in any quantity, after
continuous feeding of that sort, its effect on
the human stomach could not be healthful,
and might be disastrous. The snail, therefore,
undergoes inspection. Its nativity and rearing
must be vouched for, and its condition ascer-
tained before it can enter the gates. The mol-
lusk is best after it has fasted for several days,
and most appetizing to the stranger, doubtless,
after he has also fasted for some time.
Ovstbb Pie. — Fifty oysters, two eggs, two
teaspoonfols of flour, quarter of a pound of
butter, a little vinegar, chopped parsley, pep-
per, salt and. nutmeg. Beat the eggs until they
are light, drain the oysters from their liquid,
put them in a stew pan, and let them simmer
for five minutes. Melt the butter, and stir the
flnur into it perfectly smooth. To the butter
add the beaten eggs, parsiny, nut neg, pepper,
salt and vinegar, Mix wei, and to this add
the oys'erB. Lpt them simmer together for ten
miDU'tes; then put into *he paste. Place in the
oven immediately and bike.
Washing cotton giods with u*- injuring the
colors is d me by placing the goods 10 a bucket
of rain water no hot that, the hand caonotbe held
in v, and added to this as much bran as an
eighth part of the fabric would weigh. Stir it
lightly with a stick and let it c me to a boil.
Let it cool until the goods can be washed out
as usual, then rinse and dry, an I you will find
the clothes pure and clean, and the colors
britjht as ever.
Mince Pies. — Five pounds lean beef, three
pounds suet, or two and a-ha'f pounds, as you
like; two pounds raisins, two pounds currants,
one pound citron, three or four pounds <>f sugar
to taste, quurt of good brandy, spice aud
lemon juice to taste.
The above is to keep on -hand awhile, and
as you make the pies add chopped apples, say
two medium sized ones to $ pie.
272
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 24, 1875
ipPifW
W. B. EWER Skniob Editoe.
X>E"WEY & CO., Futrtisliers.
A. T. DEWEY, GEO. H. 8TBONG
W. B, EWEB, TOO. Zi. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising1 Bates:
Subsobiptions payable in advance — For one year, $4 ;
■ix 'months, $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at onr risk
Advertising Rates. — 1 week. 1 month. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.1)0 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
One inch 1.50 4.00 12.00 40.00
Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special of
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearin-
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
inserted at special rates.
Sample Copies. — Occassionally we send copies of this
paper to persons who we believe would be benefited
by subscribing for it, or willing to as&ist us in extend-
ing its circulation. We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
San. JTranoisoo:
Saturday Morning, April 24, 1875-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
OENESAL EDITORIALS. — FittB' Improved
Road Steamer; Plumbago, 265. Hock-Breakers and
Batteries; A Phenomenon at Yosemite; Academy of
Sciences; The Pacific Rolling Mills; Microscopic De-
termination of Minerals; Hydraulic Mining in Cali-
fornia, 272. A New Roasting Furnace; Capital in
Mining; The Emma Mine, 273. Patents and Inven-
tions, 276.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— The American Road Steamer,
265. Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom, 270.
A New Roasting Furnace, 273.
CORRESPONDENCE.— Short Lectures on Pat-
ents. 266.
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 266-270.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— Is Wrought Iron
Fibrous? A New System of Dredging; Car 8tarter;
The Effeot of Cold on Iron; Magnetization; Welding;
What is Steel; New Process of Engraving on Copper;
An Improved Wooden Barrel; A Novel Bridge; High
and Low Pressure; Giffard's Railway Car, 267-
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Science in the Util-
ization of Waste; A New Paper Board; New Material
for Dyestuffs; Temperature of the Sun: Currents in
Jupiter's Atmosphere; A Simple Way to Find the
Meridian; Magnetizing the Spectrum; Why Does a
Star Scintillate! 267-
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 268.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, Oregon, Montana and Washing.
%on Territories, 268-269.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Lace Leather; Imi.
tation of Tortoise Shell; A Useful Table; Hygienic
Boot Soles; Power Required for the Circular Saw;
Crayons for Drawing on Glass; American Phos-
phorus, 271.
GOOD- HEALTFI.-Medioal Literature; What a
Man Consumes; F.emoval of Foreign Bodies from the
Ear; Electricity and Disease; How the Brain is Sup-
plied with Blood; The Heroio Treatment, 271.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Snail Eating in France;
Oyster Pie; Mince Pies, 271 .
MISCELLANEOUS.— Raymond & Ely Mine; Mines
of Park City, Utah; Sulphur; The Twenty Cent Coin;
Jefferson District. Nevada; Important Discovery in
Fresno County, 266.
Rock -Breakers and Batteries.
A rock-breaker at a quartz mill, making 170
strokes of % of an inch a minnte, is oapable of
a preparatory crashing of seventy-two tons of
quartz— the crushing capacity of a heavy
30-stamp mill — in twenty-four hours. This, of
oourse, does not crush fine, but simply breaks
rock small enough to feed the battery; coarse
quartz only is passed through. It is estimated
to increase the capaoity of a mill, on an aver-
age, twenty per cent.
In feeding a battery by hand a good feeder
knows the requirement of each stamp by the
sound of the stamp stroke, and keeps all fed as
equally as possible. Machine feeders are used
t o a great exttnt and work very well. In Cal-
ifornia the number of drops of the stamp per
minute varies from fifty to seventy; the lesser
number corresponding to the heavier, the greater
to the lighter stamps. A battery of twenty
stamps, weighing 850 pounds per stamp, with
sixty-one drops of ten inches per minute,
crushes forty tons of quartz in twenty-four
hours without the aid of a rock-breaker; while
a battery of twenty stamps, weighing 700
pounds per stamp, with sixty-eight drops of
ten inches per minute, crushes thirty-two tons
of the same rock. In both trials from which
these figures were deduced a No. 6 soreen was
used. The results are on mill rock of average
hardness.
The proportion of power necessary to do the
work of the heavier to that of the lighter
stamps is as 850x61 :700x68, and the work ex-
pected therefrom would be as near thirty-five
toift for the heavy as thirty-two tons for the
lighter stamps. But the former crush forty
tons, an additional quantity of over five tons
in favor of heavy stamps. When a rock-breaker
is used in connection the proportional result is
nearly the same. The limn of weight has never
been determined experimentally, though
Btamps are satisfactorily employed in this
country weighing over 900 pounds, with a ten-
inch drop,
A Phenomenon at Yosemite.
Formation of Hail in the Spray of Yosemite Fall.
Professor ¥m. H. Brewer, at the last meet-
ing of the California Academy of Sciences,
described a peouliar phenomenon which occurs
in the Yosemite valley, which is interesting,
not only in a scientific point of view, but also
to the public generally. On the 19th of this
month, in company with Mr. Galen Clark,
Custodian of the valley, Mr. Brewer visited the
foot of the upper Yosemite fall. In the winter
a great "ice cone" forms in front of this fall
mostly, it is probable, an accumulation of
frozen spray. At the time of his visit it was
much reduced by thawing from what it was a
month Bince. When Professor Brewer saw it
the cone extended below the fall several hun-
dred feet, bridging the chasm to an unknown
thickness. The two persons most familiar with
it respectively estimated its thickness that day
at "sixty to one hundred feet, and nearer two
hundred feet." The outer side of this cone
slopes away from the fall; the inner side rises
like a wan in front of the sheet, which falls
mostly behind it, with deep, thundering sound,
The water flows beneath the mass and emerges
from an icy arch at its foot. The stream was
so high from the melting of the snow that it
dropped from the extreme top, not clinging to
the rounded crest, as it does when the water is
lower, but leaping out so that the actual leap
is perhaps 1,550 feet to the rocky bottom, and
to the top of the ice cone nearly or quite 1,500
feet. Over the ice cone the spray is driven
furiously by the powerful air-blast proc'rioed .
Professor Brewer says that the day of his
visit was a warm and clear one, and the time of
observation between 12 m. and 12:30 p. m., and
the fall was in its brightest illumination, as it
faces nearly south. As they neared the ice
cone certain appearances suggested to Profes-
Bor Brewer that the spray which drifted over it
was (in part at least) snow. To examine this
they ventured on this cone further than striot
prudence dictated, and in the tempest which
stung their hands and faces like shot, they
found the spray in part to be hail or ice pellets.
The exact character of these pellets couldjiot
be studied in the blinding blast to which they
were subjected. They appeared to be hard
like hail-stones, tolerably uniform in size, and
Pro/essor Brewer eslimated them at about
one-tenth of au inch in diameter. They accu-
mulated in thin sheets on the rocks which rose
through the ice near its edge, and were abun-
dantly hurled along on the ice cone.
The ice cone, which had been very white
during the winter, had been sullied by sand and
dirt oarried over it in the spray of the heavy
storm of the week previous to the visit referred
to. Near its lower edge, however, were many
depressions filled with what appeared to be new
and pure snow, whioh they believed to be in
reality fresh accumulations of these ice pellets,
but from their position it was impossible to
examine them. Mr. Clark and Professor
Brewer, however, pushed their way back to the
rooky wall beside the fall, and as near the
sheet as it was possible to breathe or stand.
Professor Brewer Buys that if any of the pellets
occurred there he could not prove it. He could
not feel them, and the water so blinded him
that nothing could be distinctly seen. On re-
turning they kept on the rocks and noticed no
ice pellets there. They had no thermometer to
test the temperature of the freezing blast.
At Leidig's hotel, which is one and three-
eighths miles distant and about 1,000 feet
lower, the thermometer stood at about 520 J?
at 6 A. m., 78%° at 2:30 p. m., 790 at 3:15 p. m.,
580 at 9 p. M., and 50O at 6 o'clock the next
morning. They had no wet bulb to determine
the dryness, but that the air was very dry was
proved by the rapidity with which their sat-
urated clothes dried.
When this fall was visited by the State Geo-
logical Survey, in June, 1863, the idea was
suggested that they examine the temperature
of the water above and below the fall, to see
if any actual heating of the water oc-
curred as a result of its concussion after
falling from so vast a bight. The dryneBS of
the air was then so great that it was thought
that evaporation would counterbalance, or at
least vitiate any results that might be theoret-
ically based on the mechanical equivalent of
heat; so the experiment (which would have
oost muoh labor and time) was not tried. The
objection to the experiment was made by Pro-
fessor Brewer himself, at that time attached to
the Geological Survey,
On seeing this newphenomenon the hypoth-
esis whioh immediately suggested itself to him
as an explanation was that it was due to evap-
oration; that the fall is fed by melted snow,
much of which still lies near its top; that the
great volume of ice-cold water chills the adja-
cent air to nearly thirty-two degrees; that the
air-ourrent thus cooled, as it is drawn into and
along with this descending masss, is a very
dry current, and that its rapid saturation bv
the evaporation of a portion of the spray is
sufficiently chilling to freeze diops of water up
to a certain diameter. Had the ice pellets been
portions of the ice cone, torn off from its edge
and hurled outward with its spray, such a uni-
formity of size as Professor Brewer observed
could not be expected.
Professor John Le Conte, on Professor
Brewer describing the phenomenon to him, has
suggested another hypothesis. It is that the
air carried down and cooled by the water is
somewhat condensed at the base of the fall, and
that by its expansion as it gets away from the
pressure, sufficient cold is produced to freeze
the 'drops.
Academy of Sciences.
A regular meeting of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences was held on Monday evening
last. The following new members were
elected: E. T. Tarbox, James P. Clifford, Al-
fred E. Kegenaberger, M. D., Arthur C. Tay-
lor, Charles Francis, J. B. Stanton and P. P.
Hartney, A number of propositions for mem-
bership were received and referred.
& The additions to the museum were a few
specimens of Ealmon trout, donated by Joseph
Clark, of Mendocino county. Professor Eisen
presented specimens of pine cones from Mono.
T. J. Butler, of the Arizona Miner, sent up
a specimen of bug captured on Agua Fria
river, Yavapai county, Arizona.
The Secretary read a paper by Henry Ed-
wards on Pacific Coast Lepidoplera, 'No. 11,
giving an account of the Sphingidce of Cali-
fornia and adjacent districts, with descriptions
of new species. In this paper Mr. Edwards
furnishes a complete catalogue of the species
of this interesting group of Zepidoptera as far
as known to him to inhabit the Pacific Coast,
and offers descriptions of what appear to him
to be forms as yet unrecognized by science.
The number of species compared with those of
the Eastern States is- but small, but extended
exploration of our little known mountains and
valleys may furnish others.
Prof. Brewer read a paper describing the for-
mation of ice or hail pellets in the spray of the
Yosemite fall. This is referred to in another
oolumn.
Mr. T. J. Lowry, of the U. S. Coast Survey,
read a paper on "Hydrographic Surveying,"
which we will shortly publish.
Col. George E. Gray offered the following
resolutions, which were adopted:
Whkeeas, The California Academy of Sci-
ences has learned of the resignation of Prof.
Daniel C. Gilman from the Presidency of the
University of California, and of his contem-
plated removal to Maryland ; and whereas, the
important services rendered by Prof. Gilman
to the University and the cause of higher edu-
cation in California are known and appreciated
by the Academy; therefore be it
Resolved, That the California Academy of
Sciences expresses to Prof. Gilman its appre-
ciation and approval of the work he has accom-
plished, its confidence in hiB ability and its
teslimony to the energy and devotion which
he has exhibited in the performance of his
duties as President of the University of Cali-
fornia. That we thank him for the services he
has rendered to the cause of higher education
here and elsewhere; that we regard his removal,
so far as it affects this community, with regret,
tempered by the conviction that in the new
field of labor upon which he is about to enter,
his varied acquirements, combined with many
fortunate personal qualities, will prove fruitful
in benefits to the entire country; that he will
carry with him our respeot as a fellow-worker
and our esteem as a fellow-member and man.
Resolved, That the Secretary is hereby in-
structed to transmit a copy of the foregoing to
Prof. Gilman and to the Trustees of the John
Hopkins University at Baltimore.
The Pacific Rolling Mills.
At the Pacifio Boiling Mills, on the Potrero,
the only works of the kind on the coast, every-
thing indicates a flourishing business. New
machinery is constantly being added as the
woik demands it, and improvements of different
kinds are always being made. The mill proper
originally consisted of one eight-inch or guide
train and one eighteen-inch train, the former
making round iron from one and one-quarter
to three-sixteenths, and proportional sizes of
'■flats." The latter turned out round from five
inches down to one and one-quarter, and flats in
proportion. With the mill were worked six
healing furnaces, their combined capacity being
thirty tons of finished iron per day.
They have now in operation, besides the
above, one twelve-inch guide train, one three-
high eighteen-inch train for rails, one pair
coffee mill squeezers, and an eighte-n-inoh
puddle mill. The last two are attached to five
new puddling furnaces and aremaking wrought
iron from pig.
The capaoity has thus been increased from
thirty to 105 tons per day: sixty of rail and
forty-five of finished iron. About one-tbird of
the finished iron is manufactured into different
shapes for the market, such as machine bolts,
lag screws, square and hexagon nuts, ship, boat
and railroad spikes, harrow teeth, etc. They
have now in course of construction another
twelve-inch train and a wire mill, which will in-
crease the capacity twenty tons per day or 125
tons per day in all.
The forge remains as before, three hammers
and* three furnaces. They have increased the
capacity of the blacksmith shop by the addi-
tion of another steam hammer and five more
fires. It is now full of work on heavy ma-
chinery for the Uomstoek mines. This class of
machinery is done to order and for some time
past the mill has been very busy with it. It
consists principally of heavy pump bobs, cam
shafts, stamp stems, bolts, etc.
The whole mill is now running to its greatest
capacity full handed, employing about 350
men. They are putling up hot pressed nut
machinery which will make nuts from small
sizes up to those for two and a-half inch bolts.
The wire mill will be the first one here and
will of course lessen the importation of rods.
Microscopic Determination of Minerals.
The uses of the microscope are manifold, and
one of the uses to which it has lately been put
is the examination of minerals. It is gradually
supplanting the pocket eyeglass formerly so
much in vogue. It is found that an object seen
with an achromatic microscope, especially if it
is monocular, presents to the vision of the ob-
server its true character, and all its details ore
brought out by the instrument. The simple
lens, owing to its short focus and optioal
defects, gives a distorted image, and although
not by any means to be deapised, cannot be
compared to the compound microscope.
The objections to the microsoope have been
its cost, inconvenience of carrying and want of
skill in its use. In fact too muoh is expected
of the instrument and too little of the manipu-
lator. A mioroscope having much accessory
apparatus must necessarily be costly, and to
bring such an instrument within the means of
ordinary buyers excellence -must be sacrificed.
Mr. Henry G. Hanks, of this oity, who has
had large experience with microscopes, and has
made a specialty of the microscopic examina-
tion of minerals, has planned a "miners' micro-
scope' ' whioh we examined this week and which
obviates the difficulties mentioned above. It
has been constructed with a special view to
simplicity, good optical parts, quick work, ab-
sence of superfluous apparatus, with a strong
stand and having those powers only that have
been' found most useful to the miner and min-
eralogist. By keeping these points in view the
instrument has been made so that it can be
furnished for fifty dollars, while it fully equals,
as far as it goes, the more costly instruments.
These microscopes are made by one of the
most celebrated London opticians for the,
special wants of a mining community. They
are perfectly adapted for examining minerals,
ores, tailings, furnace products, so that they
are useful not only to common miners but
superintendents and others. Mr. Hanks will
send a photograph of this instrument to any
one who is interested enough to apply to him
by letter.
We feel confident that, now a microscope of
this charaotcr is on the market, more interest
will be taken in the microscopic examination of
ores and minerals. After a little study the
character of a rook will be recognized at a
glance, saving oostly analysis otherwise neoes-
sary. It is difficult to realize without experi-
ence how much an instrument of this kind will
reveal and how important they are in the exam-
ination of minerals. A piece of rock may be
placed under the glass and on looking at it the
observer can almost see lDto it, and if familiar
with the rock can recognize it at a glance. The
study of minerals under the microscope is a
new one as yet, but is advanoing rapidly and is
destined to become very important to all
miners, aB they can determine questions them-
selves which they are now compelled to leave to
experts.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
~DTo. 33.
This water is supposed to be snbjeot to any
desirable pressure, and might be used at those
drop-boxes under enough pressure to keep the
quicksilver and other matter in the drop-box
in perpetual motion, and thus assist in the
liberation and amalgamation of the gold.
A further sifting or reduction in size of the
gravel can be accomplished by straining it
through a grating with % inoh intersiioes be-
tween the bars; the refuse matter may either
be thrown at once into the main sluices, or, in
case an abundance of water is at hand, carried
in a separate box to the place of general de-
posit. Should the rtfuse pebbles be thrown
back into the main sluice all future gratings in
the latter must be fine enough to retain these
refuse pebbles in the main sluices, and thus to
prevent useless shirting of material.
The water which the main sluice loses by
the repeated tapping must be supplied by pure
water from the Bupply-pipe. The size of the
main flume or sluice must also be reduced aa
the water stream and solid material lessens.
It would be advisable to supply all the
sluices for the finer or sifted gravel with riffles
made of 2 by 3 inch soanilings, whioh are not
only considered the best gold-catohers, but are
easily removed and replaced, and durable
enough for the washing of fine gravel.
In the history of gold mining the washing
process can claim priority over all others, no
matter whether the gold was found iD the sands
of a river or in a solid ledge of quartz. If in
ihe latter the solid quartz was first reduced to
sand, and then treated like river sand, by
washing over sloping platforms covered with
blankets or skins, in which the small par-
ticles of gold settled, while the lighter sand
flowed off with the water.
The platforms of our under-currents are only
a repetition on a far larger scale of the above-
mentioned primitive mode of gold-washing,
and they illustrate well the soundness of the
principle: to pour the gold-bearing matter in a
.shallow stream, over an inclined platform,
provided with a rough surface, on which the
small particles of gold can be caught.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, in
the laBt Annual Report of the V. S. Commissioner of
Mining Statistics,
April 24, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
273
A New Roasting Furnace.
Ernest Heiligendorfer of Goto Gordo, Inyo
county, California, has invented a roasting fur-
nace for the proper oxidation and ehloriniza-
tion, and for the extraction of gold, Bilver,
copper and other metals. Mr. Heiligendorfer
sends us a description of this fnrnace, which
we give in his own words as follows:
When a minute particle of ore is exposed to
hot oxidizing or chlorinizing ga»es, this particle
is instantly oxidized or chtorinized. Far dif-
ferent is the result, when a bulk of ore is roasted
io ft common fire. The smoke of tho fire is
reducing and works directly Against oxidation
The rousting gases aUo find too small a surface
to act upon ; the interior parts will ' therefore at
once cuke to larger or smaller globules, which
resist even a long continued roasting.
When only a simple oxidization of snlphurets
lis intended, these caked lumps retain some
sulphur and are generally afterwards separated
by sifting and roasting over again.
I For chlorinizing purposes the ore used to be
■And with salt, which may do well enough for
khe chlorinization of silver; not so, however,
por other metals, that almost constantly accom-
hpany Bilver ore. The salt producing chlorini-
zing gaseB during the whole roasting process
as an additional obstacle to oxidation. There
[will consequently remain in the roasted pulp a
number of combinations und single elements,
imperfectly oxidized, which are most injurious
to amalgamation. I hloride and sub-chloride of
copper consume the iron mullers of the pans and
(prevent grinding; cnloride of lead envelopes
chloride of Bilver, preventing its amalgamation,
head also imparls a soap-like quality to the
Jamalgam; arsenic render/ quicksilver foamy;
free sulphur, left unburnt in a smoky fire,
(changes quicksilver into cinnabar. The chlo-
rides of base metals, especially of copper, ore
amalgamated together with the chloride of sil-
per, and deteriorate the fineness of the bullion.
Even iron enters some way into the amalgam,
kperhaps as protoxide), aDd disturbs re-
lortiDg. Theie and other difficulties will fre-
quently puzzle the milt-man and cause, in ma-
ty places, roasting to be a disagreeable opera-
lion of doubtful utility.
All these disadvantages, however, are merely
Hue to imperfect roasting. A correct roasting
process must not only volatilize sulphur, arsen-
ic, antimony, 6tc. , and chlorinize gold and sil-
jver, but it most also work up all the chlorides.
Bub oh'orides and protoxides of the accompany-
ing base metals and turn them out as oxides.
The oxides of copper, lead, bismuth, iron, etc.,
no not cake, nor do they exert chemical influ-
ence on the machinery, nor on the quicksilver;
and what is equally important, they do not en-
Iter into amalgamation. The bullion produced
is therefore fine silver and gold, however la e
the ore may be. At the same time, the con-
sumption of quicksilver diminishes, because
[various causes of its detriment have been re-
moved.
j The question, how roasting may be done with
£uch correctness, is already answered above.
Every particle of ore must be exposed to hot
feurrents of purely oxidizing and chlorinizing
gases. Under such conditions the effect is in-
stantaneous and complete, and roasting finished
{before the palp reaches the bottom. Though
Some furnaces complete chlorinization in
|the receiving bottom, there is no chance
there to improve the lacking oxidization. I
twill now show how my furnace accomplishes
t he task.
I (a) To convert the dry crushed ore into a
(fine dust. Gold pulp is sticky and liable to iorm
[little balls, some of wniuh would fill through
.the fire entirely crude. In a moderate heat,
however, the pulp becomes more and' more
thin, and almost as easily flowing as a liquid,
land partly by sifting, partly by falling some
■distance through the air, will form a dust
jshowerno minute particle of which may escape
jthe roasting gases.
I (6) A clear fire, free from smoke, of the
■highest oxidizing power, and of any required
(volume and temperature, is formed by alter*
mating ourrents of air and burning gases. The
(quantity of oxygen introduced must not only
be sufficient to consume (he smoke, but there
mnet be beside a surplus provided for the pur-
ipose of oxidation.
(cj For chlorinizing pu rposes the upper
mart of the fire is mixed, with chlorinizing
[gases, the lower part being always purely
oxidizing. In this way the ore dust fills first
through chlorinizing and afterwards through
oxidizing gases, whereby the chlorides of base
metals are changed into oxides. Cbloro-silver is
unchangeable, cbloro-gold is decomposed and
j metallic gold left.
j The adjoined sketch shows that the pulp,
comiDg fiom the hopper in small and con-
stantly renewed quantities, falls first into the
inolined and revolving cylinder, E, of about 12
feet in length by one-half foot diameter. The
pulp is heated during its passage through the
cylinder to the desired degree of temperature
and fluidity, and passed on to the sieve, F,
where it is spread and screened by machinery.
The Bhaft, Gr, connects the sieve, F, with the
furnace below, and is from five to ten feet
high, for protecting the sieve from the fire and
giving the pulp a chance to drop in a fine
spray or dust shower. The pulp reaches the
flare, ut the mouth of the shaft which consists of
alternating fire and air currents and event-
ually also of other roasting gases.
In our sketch the fire is formed by four cur-
rents of air and three currents of gases uf com-
bustion, with a combined thickness of six feet,
sufficient for the majority of cases. If the
single tire-6 were burning on common grates, a
great deal of heat would be lost before reach -
in? tho furnace. It is therefore ft saving of
fuel to use ga-i generators, the gH6es of which
will not burn before mingling with air. Only
one of the- fires, the lower one, has a common
fire place ; being next to fire bridge, no part uf
its heat is lost, and it serves to ignite the
gases and to prevent explosions. This arrange-
ment offers also an opportunity to fibish roast-
ing, when required, under an increased heat.
As a general rule, though, roasting needs far
less fire than millmen often suppose. Oxida-
tion is itself a burning process, and when prop-
erly done will produce considerable heat of its
own.
I wish here to remark that the engraving is
not so much intended to be a plan for building
as to illustrate the priuciple upon which this
furnace is based. It will, forinstance, be more
convenient to supply the two npper fires from
one common gas generator, which can also
feed a small flame, to pass througa the interior
of the heating cylinder.
In the passage between the fire bridge and
the upper arch all the different gases aie
thronged together, whereby the air is heated
and the fire purified from smoke, and all
reducing elements. *
For chlorinizing purposes the ore is not
mixed with salt, but the chlorinizing gases are
prepared separately, and, together with air,
few cases in which extraction may be adoptid
to great advantage.
Oxidation of Sulphurets, not Contalnng Arsenic or
Antimony.
Sulphurets of copper will best be roasted to
oxidize and given over to extraction. Connect-
ing a lead chamber with the roasting furnace,
the resulting sulphurous gas may be utilized
for sulphurio acid, with which to extract the
oxide of copper. The bluestone produced is
already marketable; it can also be oxidized
again and smelted to metallic copper.
Sulphate of iron can, when it pays, likewise
be mauufactured from pyrites.
These sulphates onu be procured directly
from the ore. Lowering the temperature of
the fire, by letting in more fresh air and mix-
ing at the same time the fire with steam, (as
also with sulphurous gas when the ore does
not contain a sufficient quantity of sulphur),
the sulphates of oopper and iron are formed
directly, and can be extracted with water.
Silicates and oxides of copper want only
crushing to be extracted with sulphuric acid.
Doing the extraction under steam pressure
the quicknesB of the operation will be suitably
increased.
Chlorinization.
Ore containing arsenic and antimony can be
thoroughly roasted only by volatilizing these
two troublesome ingredients. The silver con-
tained in the ore is at the same time advan-
tageously changed into chloride of silver; gold
is left in a metallic state. The accompanying
base metals, after having been roasted to
oxides, are no longer nuisances; some of them,
especially copper, may even contribute to the
profits of the enterprise.
The advantage of txtraclion will be seen by
W^«^
HEILIGENDORFER' S FURNACE FOR ROASTING ORES.
introduced into the upper part of the fire.
This method will not only favor the final oxi-
dation of base metals, but also make chlor-
inization entirely independent of the character
of ore. A considerable saving of salt will be
gained besides.
As the pulp during its fall through the fire is
carried away to a certain horizontal distance,
as indicated by dotted lines, the fire bridge is
correspondingly advanced into the furnace and
extended upwards in an inclined diagonal di-
rection, to which the upper arch or ceiling is
made parallel. The outlet, A, which leads to
the dust chamber and chimney, is lying in a
continued line of said passage. This construc-
tion gives the lower part of the fire the same
efficiency as the upper part, and also counter-
acts the pressure of the falling pulp.
As the fire hardly finds any obstacle to over-
come, the draught can be slow, and the quan-
tity of flue-dust will therefore be a minimum.
The roasting process from beginning to end
can be overlooked and controlled with a single
glance, and any disorder may be promptly dis-
covered. In regular working order the fire
is perfectly transparent, becoming perceptible
only as a bright shine. A most lovely spark-
ling is caused by the vigorous action of the
roasting gases, and various colors of a surpris-
ing beauty indicate the different substances
contained in the ore. These colors, which are
not visible in a common fire, will become an
excellent criterion to the roasting process.
After having passed the fire, the roasted pulp
drops into the receiving space, T, from where
it may be removed hourly by a trap door, or
constantly by a screw.
Though a correct roasting process greatly
improves both smelting and amalgamating, it
affords for numerous classes of ore a still more
desirable mode of reduction, viz.: the extrac-
tion. The following lines will briefly show a
an example of ore that, as frequently happens,
contains a great many different metals. After
the roasting process has volatilized sulphur,
arsenic, antimony, tellurium, etc., there may
be left in the roasted pulp, gold, chloride of
silver, oxides of copper and iron, as also a
small percentage of oxidized lead, bismuth,
etc. From this mixture the gold can be ex
tracted with chlorine water, and the chloride of
silver with hyposulphate of soda (or lime).
Neither of these liquors dissolves any oxide:
the products are therefore fine gold and fine
silver, every one separate. Ore containing gold
and silver together could so far never be
successfully roasted. Gold wants little salt,
silver a great deal. With this excess of salt
the gold combines in some way, not exactly
known, and becomes inaccessible to either
amalgamation or extraction. Using, as I do in
my fnrnace, chlorinizing gases instead of salt,
the danger of this loss is avoided and the
simplest mode given to separate the two metals.
The oxide of copper remaining in the twice
extracted pulp can now be extracted with sul-
phuric acid.
An analogous treatment of chlorinization
and extraction may, eveu in the absence of
gold aud silver,. be given to copper and nickel
ore, when accompanied with arsenic and anti-
mony.
As sulphuric acid is always wanted for ex-
traction as well as for preparing hydrochloric
acid from salt, a lead chamber for the fabrica-
tion of sulphuric acid appears to be a mos,t
necessary addition to the roasting furnace. Al-
most every class of ore contains sulphur; the
cost of sulphuric acid wiil therefore be a mere
trifle. The other liquors required for extrac-
tion, can also be prepared at such prices that
extraction will, probably in every location, be
cheaper than amalgamation.
A difficulty to extraction arises from a high
percentage of lead. The oxide of lead combines
with sulphuric acid as well as with the hypo-
sulphate of soda. A small percentage of lead, how-
ever, would scarcely be felt. When the portion
of lead increases the cblorosilver may be extract-
id with a boiling solution of salt, or with
ammonia, which have less dissolving power and
therefore work slower. To extract copper or
nickel from ore, that contains much lead,
would take disproportionate quantities of sul-
phuric acid.
Considering the enormous value of noble
metols yearly lost by the usual methods of re-
duction, it is certainly an object worth atten-
tion how these loses might be prevented or
lessened. To talk of free milling ore, when
the wet prooess realizes only 65 per cent.
of silver, as is the rule iu the first silver pro-
ducing place of the world, is a mere illusion,
which ought to be given up at once. It seems
more reasonable to calculate the expenses and
profits of an improved method. I am confident
the mode of roasting I have tried here Bhortly
to describe, will become a remedy to some
serious disadvantages under which a permanent
branch of the mining industry is laboring. A
judicious examination will prove the jus-
tice of this opinion and ratify all that has
been stated here.
The Emma Mine.
The Vice-Chancellor of England has decided
against the petition to wind up the Emma
silver mining company, and has ordered a meet-
ing of the (shareholders to express their wishes
in the premises. The winding up of the com-
pany would be compulsory and would prevent
the shareholders from realizing anything. So
sayB a dispatch recently received. We do not
see, if the mine is worked out, how the share-
holders will realize anything, whether there
is a compukory winding up, or whether they
continue to work. It seems to us that if they
have no more ore to count on they had better
shot the mine down, Bell the machinery, and
stop talking about it any more. If they con-
tinue to work with no encouraging prospects
and lose more money, they will have no one to
blame but themselves. The Vice -Chancellor
does not doubt that the concern was originated
in fraud and says expressly that the share-
holders have been cheated; that the mine is
not worth working, and it is his opinion that
a compulsory winding up is beBt; that if any-
-tbing could be got out of the original offenders
by a suit in the United States, an official liquid-
ation commission, appointed by a British Court,
can conduct the suit better than anybody else.
Glass, council for 21,000 shares, however, in-
sists that there is some hope of getting some-
thing from the mine. His sanguine clients
desire to supplant the present Directors with
new ones, and go on. Glass insists that the
company has no debts and is getting out
$ 10,000 in silver monthly, which pays
expenses.
Several mining engineers of ability and rep-
utation reported that the mine was worked out
and stated that the future of the mine depended
entirely on virgin ground, as in any new mine.
Clarence King, Director of the U. S. Geological
Survey of the 40th Parallel; E. S. Blackwell,
Manager of the Ophir mining and smelting
company, of Utah; Andrew Murray, F. L. S.;
and George Attwood, Manager of the Emma;
all told the same story aud told the stockhold-
ers they must spend large amounts of money
before there was even a chance of realizing
anything more from the mine. King said "the
great Emma bonanza, the object of such wide
celebrity, thebaeis of such extravagant prom-
ises, is, with few insignificant exceptions, worked
out, and the future of your company is hung
on a mere geological chance which may be
eternally against you, and if in your favor, may
only be secured by wise expenditure of much
time and money." This was as far back as
June, 1873. The statements made in all these
reports have been borne out by the results,
though interested parties have endeavored to
make it appear otherwise. Any one interested
may look back in the files of the Pbebb, June
6, 1874, and see by diagrams on what Mr. Att-
wood based his calculation that the ore body
was worked out.
There is no doubt but that there are parties
who would like to get hold of this famous mine
as agents for the English stockholders, and
who would endeavor to get the stock up again
so that some of those interested could sell to
the confiding public We think, however,
that this will bo a difficult undertaking. The
proposed meeting will no doubt be a stormy
one, but we hope to see good judgment pre-
vail and see the stockholders get out of the whole
business without further loss.
The new pumping engine of the Consolidated
Virginia mine will have a forty-inch cylinder,
a seven-foot stroke and a capacity of 600-horse
power. The hoisting engines will be two in
number and will each have a capacity of 200-
horse power.
A vein of hematite iron has been struck, on
the line of the Utah Western railway, at.the
point of the mountain.
At Ballionville the Raymond & Ely folks
are rushing things through so as to prepare
the thirty-stamp mill for immediate work*
274
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 24, t87 J,
fflacliipery.
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIGHEST PREMIUM
Awarded "by the Mechanics* Institute Fair, San Fran-
Cisco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated under the oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steanl pipe
0; it then becomes greasy steam, passes to all the
valves and cylinder at every strobe of the engine; glasB
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rod>i and stems lasts longer, and the rinps on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will last from three
to Bix days, according to speed and size of engine; Tt
sliding gauge; K, valve to shut off when engine stopps;
H, F, valves to shut off in case of frost; steam does not
enter the cup; it is always cool; warranted t- give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Man ifacturedby
California Brass "Works, 125 First street, S F. 2*v23
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller: VERTICAL BOEING MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbiufr and boriue Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
TS'M. HAWKINS.
T. G. CANTRELL
"THE DANBURY"
1DR1LL CHUCK.
Tile Favorite Everywhere*
Send stamp for circular.
| The Hull Si Seidell Company, Danburjj Ct.
P. S. — These Chucks are now on hand and for sale
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
IRON AND STEEL
I DROP FORGING.
Of Every Description, at Reasonable Prices.
The Hall & BeUen Company, Danbtuy, Ct,
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-horse power. Shafting, Pulleys,*HolBtGears,
Quartz Mill?, Water Tanks, Spanish Arastras, Pumps and
Pipes, Hepburn and Beldi'n Pans, and all kinds of Ma-
chinery tor sale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
2116 Brannun street, S. F.
Highest cash prices p.iid for all kinds of Machinery.
CRANK PLANEfSS.
{Superior Design and Workmanship, Estia Heavy (1400 It. }
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED.
TO PLANE 15rl6!d5.
> Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Gfc.
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided ineritJ. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Econosty in Fuel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Bmali Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
B^Call and see it or send for Circulars.
J.H.KEELEK&CO., Agts.,306,Cal. St., S.F
fill
H Estimates
■description
i 1 cl
gThe Hull &
BY
Estimates given for Special "Work of every
description. Are fully cquipned -with first-
class Machinery ami Tools.
The Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extra Heavy amd'Impkoved Paitebnb,
PTITNAM MACHINE CO.,
• Manufacturer.
LATHES, PLANEKS, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING;
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PABKB & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F
"DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIN.
SnuxES Blow Heavy on Light, Fast oa Slow.
Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1875.
The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
jiflipipg jMacliipery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUA.RTZ MILLS,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
mill;
Durability
JLMe. shoe.
Economy.
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Conreutrators. Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shaiting. und General Mining Machinery in all its
details, and Furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promptly filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description see Mining and Scientific Peess,
March 6, 1875.
For Cleaning' Quicksilver Before "Using1 it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office- of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO..
UNION IRON "WORKS, San FranciBCO.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1..WU lbs. Has an iron
frame, five ^teel arm's With stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike i.O 0 blows per minute, in a mortar provided
with screens on Ijmh sides, and crushes FINE 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horse power to drive it. Has been
thurougblv tested, :in't is guaranteed to give go ud satis-
faction: PRICK SOUU.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v2C-tf 31fi California street. San Francisco.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Painted at contract pricet, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors,
Bootmakers,
Hatters,
Hotels,
Gents'FurnisIi'g- G'ds.
furniture Dealers,
Jewelers,
Piano Fortes,
"Wine Merchants, Etc, Etc.
ffcellaplis Jlotices.
STEELE, ELDER & 00,
WHOLESALE
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOR THE SALE OF
California Dairy Produce,
GRAIN & QUICKSILVER,
204 Front Street, San Francisco.
AGENTS FOR THE
Missouri,
Kentuck,
Ida Clayton
and Yellow Jacket
Quicksilver Mines.
All orders for Supplies [and Machinery for
Mines promptly attended to.
RETORTS, POWDER and MINERS' TOOLS
Supplied at Importers' Prices
3v9-eow-bp
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Having the Latest Improved Machinery, "we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OR
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
130 Bealo Street,
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
«. & H. BARNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nob. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO
Patent Riveted
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery i
San Francisco.
These goods are special!
adapted for the use
FARMERS. MECHANIC
MINERS, and WORKINt
MEN in general. Th<
are manufactured of f,]
Best Material, and in
Supetlor Manner. A trl
will convince everybody |
this fact.
Patented May 12, 1878.
USE NO OTHER, AND INQUIRE FOR THES
OOODS ONLY. eow*.
50 per cent. Better than ani
Imported Mustard-
Ask Yonr Grocer for it. I
9v5-oow-bp,
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
10 to SO pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
Black
CAYUGA DUCKS.
BRAHMAS, GAMES
HOUDANS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to hatch after arrival on
a»y part of the Uoasi. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Oal.
[Please state where you saw this advertiBment.]
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
CATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory's DinmoD ' fc;
Catarrh Remedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifti-,..,
cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Frar I-4X,
cisco, (Jul., opposite Palace Hotel. Sold by all druf
gists.
NTMEOD BATJLSIE.
BIOHAJID O. HAHSO
Kiohabd G. Hanson & Co.,
Block and Pump Makers
t
iMfORTEBS OF AT.T. KINDS OF
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTION:
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
LigEtun Vitee for Mill Purposes. I
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
ear Market,
SAN FHANCI8CC j
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery' <
the latest and most improved kind, and are it^ain prepart
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths und aizeB. Coi j
ritaiitlv on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all size
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
e20 811 and 613 Front street, San Franoisc
\pril 24, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
275
Bnffalo Pony Planers.
r. r. — w r. c *. = *. o
r"= :p"; DS3 3
■~ — — — =; h. 1; 1: 1: «
00000000—
c. a, a. a, a & £ & a,S
ooooooDoo»
•3
H
/.
0
s
H
pppoScnnee
e a e "- b bboc
DUNHAM, CARRICAN & CO,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
■6m-cow SAN FRANCISCO, CJ
Wo. 4 Car Wheel Borer.
Wc have the test and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
used in
MACDLNE, LOCOMOTIVE,
AMD
K. II. Repair Siiops.
5^7" For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc.,
address
NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
98 Chambers Street, New Yorli.
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are Durable, Compact and
Cheap.
For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OQ-IDIEIlsr,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
AND MILL CO.
30, 32 & 34 Spear St.
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors.
Manufacturers of.
WATER TANKS. SHIP
TANKS, MINING
WORK,
WINE, BEER AND LTQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
Cooperage and Tanks, Steamed
and Dried Before or After
Manufacture at Reason-
able Rates.
Sa wring-. Planing-, etc.
at Short Notice.
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL. MFG. CO., *§j|"
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, 0., Chicago, HI.
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
$100.00 IN GOLD.
And FIRST PBIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to ua for the best
In the gnat National content hold at Cincinnati. September, 18T4. and listing over «lx days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared tho victors.
„ ^l'^a'"' mn,lQ ,,l">t''»1 dipping arrauscinouts for very loiv freliflita and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Paeltlc Ooaat. "STONM SEVEN U.VVS BV MAIL FHOM SAN HUN-CISCJ.-^ ^ull y,,ur \7dreL tor . „l|
report of the great National sawins Contest, and the oUss ..f save that jou use. with the talckoaa. da. and
kind that you use. and apoolfv such as you will require wilhiu the next 00 days. Wo will guarantee to furnish
you with .mi that have no equal in quality, and ut prices that will be entirely satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting- Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont & Natome.
streets, S. P.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
TIte Best Pump in Use.
&r send fok cmorJLAR
«r jN; B,— ^5? """"factrirer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double-Acting Force Pump. Received the Silver
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco. 18v27-'1am3rn
W^\
SUCCESSORS TO EAGLE WORKS M.F.6. CO.
.POLLERS
AGENTS trC-fTr
&$^Mwm>,
r -.1 V -I FOR I
TT-T <a^_SYS TE MAT I C
!C°NCENTRATI0N
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
BETHESDA MINEK AL~ SPKING WATER
Of W avilce^lin, Wiseonsiu.
We claim Bethesda to be a specific in all cases of Diabetes Inflammation of tbe Kidneys, Iuflarr mation of
tbe Neck of the Bladder and Urnthra, Inflammation of tbe Bladder, Dropsy, Gouty Swellings, Stoppage of Urine
Albuminuria, Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Duat Deposit; Thick, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine,
with Bone Dust Deposits: Burning SenBation with Sharp Pains when v-iding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys'
Pain in the Kidneys and Loins, Torpid Liver Indigestion, Calculus, and Female Weakness.
There is no remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases as effectually as Bethesda
Water. This fact has been demonstrated wherever the water has been used according to directions, which can
be had at the General Agents' by application, to them. The water is sweet and pleasant to the taste. It can be
drunk at all hours. Why should any oue suffer while this Water is so easily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fb27-eow-bp.3m I 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FRANCISCO.
Office of Drain Pipe Works,
WOEKNEK,
S. W. Corner Sac
ramento and
IMontg-om-
ery Sts.,
S. F.
DRAINS
coNsraocTin)
In any part of the
State, and
Woik Warranted
E. T. MENOMY
Proprietor.
bp-eow-1 yr
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to lill orderB
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, aud
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
OJfice, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v26-tf
COOPER,
No- 104 and 112 Spear St., San Francisco.
Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Beer Bar-
rels, etc., Manufactured at Short Notice
and LOW RATES.
LUMBER for CASKS, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
nUDri ed if required.
eow-bp.
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co.. Importers of
:- 1 ■'•'•- dint Metals. Tinners' Goods, Tnols and Machines;
111 acdll -California St., 17 and 19 L»avia St., SaD Eran-
'.(uauo.-aaa 17&J St,, Sacramento. mr.-ly
276
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 24, 187J ?
Sales at the S. F. Stock Exchange.
FKIDAY, A.. M-, Aran. 16.
765 Alpha 23$$24£
SO ..do b30..25
960 Best A Belcher.. -52!4@54
95 do b5^.54
160 Beloher
4110 Bulli 1 SgjgJ
l^O Baltimore Con M@8?j
1190 California 65J*<a)6ti
10 do b 10. .66
SO .do b 5. .65*!
30S Confidence.. .... • .2JK@H
170 Con Virginia.. ,457)<@»k0
60 Caledonia --21
70 Chollar *4*B
1570 Crown P..int 393tl)s
100 Daney "™
20 Exchequer 315
60 Empire .......6'>4
340 Globe 7&!',&5
495 Would A Hurry.. .19@19J4
45 Hale A Norcross...4J@13
,SjaEfc-.™..-aB
205Scviecte:.v::::::::.8«@|
240 Kentuok 1|«@18
80 Knickerbocker. ...... .4)1
365 L«dy Bryan 5W85S
1925 Mexican ?»©£,
300 do h 5. .29
100 do b30..29)ji
MM Ophir U2® J
195 Overman ^^^21
10 ....do b 30. .64
285 *Sit>rraNevada..l3J^!ai3Ji
470 Union
AFTERNOON SESSION.
gSjl
?00 Alta... •• .
35 American Flat... ..Si
4205 Andes, SdWjtf
276 Belmont 4%®*%
10 Bacon
1.500 Con Amador
40JCPR...--;- tt®*^
•jaO cosmopolitan «c
430 Dayton
430 Eureka Con
,> Eureka silt.. 8
20 Eclipse... ...... •
155 Golden Chariot. ---
100 Indus .■i'A&j
70 Jefferson ,--',
100 KK Con .-.W
315 Kossuth 2@2^
80 Leviathan... J2§
130 Meadow Valley
235 Mansfield ,,„„;,■*,.
100 Mint... fSWK
50 Newark.. D
445 New York \-„
350 Niagara ii*!k?c
300 N Carson....
^OrTgGo°dW..V.Mg3
80 Pioche *n
25 Prussian *»
45 Pioche W .-•"*
550 Poorman 4M@?
1000 ....do <"•■•}
50 Paoiflo '
210 Rye Patch.. *£&*?.$
1670 Kock Island $&®„%
100 S tord : -nMSi
1070 South Char*
100 Jefferson ~%
20 Kossuth 2K
425 Leonard 11
130 Leviathan \%
170 M Valley 8@8}|
40 Mahoimny 10
980 Mansfield fij<
500 N Oarson 20®25o
200 Niagara 50c
575 Orip Gold Hill...3Vtfg3%
450 Pioche W Ex 5@5l£
300 Prussian 2%
535 Poorman 47tifi)5
200 ....do bl0..8
500 Prospect 1M
"S5 Raymond &Ely..53@54!i
50 do b5..55
25 Rye Patoh 2
110 Sooth Chariot b 30.-2
1100 Webfoot 25c
75 WarEaele 5
910 Woodville \%@1
200 Wells-Farffo 35c
TUE3DAY, a. m , April 20
400 Alpha 33@24«
195 Belcher 3RgJ36|^
762 Best A Belcher. 53
100 .... do . ..b30..53-y
205 Baltimore Con... "$f@8%
186 Bullion 52(552^
am Ohollar W'$&*H
1100 Crown Point 370O37,1*
130 Confidence 21fai2l>£
245 Con Virginia... 450/(845^
1130 California 63^@64
20 ....do b5..6.
15 Caledonia 21^
10 Excheqaer 30 1
385 Gouldi Curry. ..18*4@19
50 ......do b.V.19
525 Globe W&IX
75 Hale & Norcrosg.J3@42j£
160 Imperial 8%ft%tf
65 Justice 135&130
43» Julia V^ffiK
325 Kentuck lttajlfi!*
JO Lady Bryan 5,J£
(.75 Mexican 30!$@30!4
50 ..do bl». .30^
955 Ophir U4£8115fe
100 ..do s9U U45J
20 ..do b 10. .115
115 Overman 63@67^
30 Savage 129@120
295 S Nevada 13,S@l3!4
1000 Succor 1J4W75C
4S0 S Hill 12@183£
675 L'nion $Jbi$$%
50 Utah 6
265 V Jacket B5@84&
150 Senator
i'-t
270 Alpha
30 Belcher,...^. 36g|
145 s Hill v:-5!®8»
100 ..do b 30.. UX
311 W & Creole :-:L?
200 War Eagle b5.
1570 Woodvifle 2®'J<
450 Wells-Fargo 25c
1090 "Webloot
SATDKDAY,A.M.,ArEll.l7.
...22
J36^
1135 Best"ABeiober...5i5|Si54
150 do... 9.9^--
650 do....b30..54«f
300 Bullion ■■&*
10 ..do bW
75B.1 Con, ?^4„,
1770 California 6**??S
131 Ohollar WifSfo
50 Caledonia -.fj
5 Confidence 22>6
55 Con Virginia ;i«;4g
9i5 Crown 1-oint 40(g4U,6
110 Eureka (Jon...
650 Globe
420 Gould <fc Curry _
60 Hale* NorcroSB 43
15 Imperial s^i,,
1367 Julia i-SgW
65 Justice :&!§!■$
55 Ken.ock nH@UH
20 Knickor ;;;^M
JMLady Bryan 5»®5«
10 Meadow Valley....^..j?6
OTO Mesican ??;^'»
1300 Ophir 'W'ffl
110 ..do «■■
10 do b3S.;™
210 Overman . .- 6-Kg65
.50 ...do b30..bo>*
100 Raymond A Ely. 52@52Js
435 SierraNevada .13*ifalJ-2
2*1 UnioriCon 8^e@8%
55 Yeliow Jacket w
MONDAY, A. M., APEll 19.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
..M
LAST WEEK AND THIS WEEK COMPARED.
. ,..'id'.]
125 Alpha ... - 2
295 American Fbit...
195 BestABeloher....
315 Belcher
415 Bullion
20 ,.do h 10. .53^
10 ..do b 5 5»
335 Baltimore Con ...J»
355 OhollMr 66@67*i
2005 Crown Point 37^38
10 .... do b 5. .37^
120 Confidence 'HHs
58 Con Virginia 45*@4&5
570 California 64^@65
70 Caledonia -'
230 Dayton
50 DardaneileL
11-iQ Gould & Curry. . .19@V9ia
65 Globe.. l.J*(S)l*.
14ft Hale & NorcroB$.42&@44
350 Imperial 8^(ai9
3J Justice 13^1'0
335 Julia 9fc
30 ..do ...b30..W
450 Kentuck lb^@16ii
2<J5 Lady Bryan a^S@6
215 Mexican .315SB932
290 New VorK 2'i'a.'
145 Occidental v&
17 J5 Ophir I15»@inia
25 ..do. b 5..117®U73r
2J0 ..do b5 117
5AI Overnvm BV^'11
5 ..do siW.^ii
100 Phil Sheridan 1M
400 Rock Island ■"*"r
1.10 Savage 127Mg, -.
220 Si«rra Nevada. 133cj <Dt3^
40;l Silver Hill 12>i'§'
1.25 Union Con 9@8
50 Utah....
1,5 Yellow Jacket... 85,V@
20 ..do b5..;
AFTKUNOON BESBION.
-.2?*
190 American Flag
30 Alia
2890 Andes 5J4@5j£
110 Belmont 4%
100 On Mill 1
600 C P Ravine. . . .62«@75
465 Eureka Oon....26J '
525 Golden Chariot.. t„s
UK) Id.iEllm.ore.. 3;f
10 American Flag
190 American Flat »
100 Alta *H
1655 Andes 5@4%
lliO ..do s3-J..4%
100 Belmont 4JJ
130 Challenge 7
150 CP Ravine 7Sc
100 Cosmopolitan 25c
60' Dayton 3M
220 Eureka Con 29S)28
275 G Chariot 6£jT@7
200 Ida Ellmoie 3S(<i-3^
810 Jefferson > i
2325 Kossuth 2@1W
230 KK Con \%m
15 Leopard II
50 Leviathan 19tf
535 Meadow Valley.. 8J4@8!^
175 Mon Belmont 75o
200 Mansfi Id 6,V-
250 New York ,.lli@VA
400 Niagara 25@30c
400 N Carson 20(S30o
750 Orig Gold Hill 3@l!M
100 do S30..3
100 Pioche W 5
20 Phil Sheridan. 1
400 Prospeot %H
735 Raymond & Ely....55@56
70 Rye Patch T2J4
210 Rock Islaod 6@5&
2335 S Chariot 'i
400 S Cord 1%
150 Senator 1
550 SRIsland I
50 S V Water.... 99
336 War Eagle 5
515 Woodville VJifSMb
785 Weils-Furgo 30@20c
W'DN'SDAT, a.m.,Apb. 21.
200 Alta 5
130 Alpha 23K
100 American Flat 9
315 Best&Be'cher 52J*
610 Belcher 35@36
310 Bullion 52'*54
190 Baltimore Con 8-y®9
310 Ohollar 66
1580 Crown Point 36>£@37
100 ConBdence 21 «
90 Con Virginia.. .4.50@453,'B
510 California 64(365
30 Caledonia 21@22
100 Challenge 7
35 Dayton 3^@3M
10U Daney 75o
50 Dardanelles 3
40 Empire Mill fi#@G£f
50 Exchequer 300
525 Gobe M@\H
M Uould&Curry J8>6
120 Hale & Norcross. !2@42>£
,"itJU Imperial 8&
15 Justice 130
605 Julia 9@9M
60 Kentuok. ....... 16^^16^
30 Knickerbocker I'.i
180 Lady Biyan 5v§5jM
1145 Mexican 3ii@30U
325 New York 2«
50 Occidental 3j|
530 Ophir lHS>U4Jfi
230 Overman 67@6B
360 Rook Island 6M@6>s
135 Silver Hill 1L@1IM
185 SierraNevada 13J£
10 Seg Belcher 105
645 Succor 1
875 Union Con 8tt@9
120 Utah 5->.ifoi5'n
270 Woodville 1^®1%
215 Yellow Jacket. ..8l(jz83><j
ATTKBNOON SESSION.
200 American Fl *g..2?o@2>{
1672 Andes 4#©43»j
20 Belmont Hi
100 Cherry Creek lJs
900 Cosmopolitan. 2.ic
200 Eureka Con 29&(3l30
300 Gila i
3S0 G Chariot 7@6Ji
50 IdaEUooore 3M
860 Jefferson l&iV4
550 KKCon l-^@2
1415 Kossuth H$@l*ij
500 Leopard 10^
2i Leviathan 1 ■ <
355 Meadow Valley.... 8Ji^!8
100 Mansfield 6S
40 Mahogany ■|-->
65J N Oarson a0@2io
2M) Niagara 25c
470 OrigGold Hill. .■ 3
50 Prussian 1%
770 Pioche W Ex 4j^5jl5
70 Poorman 4%
600 Prospect 2?4'@3
300 Pioneer ii@l
330 Raymond & Ely....56(a;57
100 Rve Patch 2M
75 S Chariot 2
150 WA Cre 1
400 Webfoot 50c
200 Wells-Fargo 30o
Last Week.
THURSDAY, a.m., April 15.
75 Alpha 22®23
35 Belcher 37
365 BeBt 4 Belcher. 53'4@53ai
3&5 Bullion 53MM53ij
130 Baltimore Con. . .8^@8^
80 Ch liar 63;
515 Crown Point... 38Ji(
60 Confidence
60 Con Virginia.. ..45001452^
160 California 64^@64?*
30 Caledonia 2l@21>£
5 Challenge 7
120 Dayton
150 Dardanelles...
125 Empire Mill...
5 Exchequer
310 Gould 4 Curry. ..18^«)19
405 Globe 1
30 Hale & Norcross,. 43^@44
210 Imperial 8?4@9
160 Justice ,....130ai34
906 Julia 8K@8%
500 Kentuck 17^@18
100 Knickerbocker.. A%{a)4%
360 Lady Bryan 5M@5$ri
9311 Mexioan 27M(o>27,''
300 New York Con 2%<a
1105 Ophir lUa@10.5-_
210 Overman..., 61@61>6
26 Occidental SH
175 Rock I«land 5%
20 Savage 132
155 Sierra Nevada.. 13M@13}_
3H6 Silver Hill ll@ll.' '
100 Succor XL
20 Utah 4%
50 Union Con 8M@8%{
100 Yellow Jacket..86^@87>a
AFTERNOON SESSION,
100 American Flag V->
120 Alta 43t
35 0 Andes 6M<S6^
335 Bdhnont 41,£®M%
500 i:herry Creek I
O PRavine «2J_
360 Cosmopolitan
100 Eureka Con 2"
TiO Eureka Grass Valley
50 Florida
55 Golden Chariot
225 IdaEllmore 3Ji@4
100 Jacob Little 5Uc
405 K KCon 1@1M
i:» Leviathan V/a
330 M««dow Valley.... 7-?4T
llO M Belmont 4M@'
210 Mansfield 1%<eA%
109 Mahogany 1>
200 Mint. 45c
200 Niagara 70c
78b North Oarson 60c
250 Pioneer \%
370 Prospect iH_
.55 Poorman 4%C"
50 Pioohe
906 Raymond & Ely. . . .5M
W Rye Patoh ^2>6
150 Silver Cord
940 South Chariot...
570 Woodville L_^
850 Wells-Fargo 25c
....9,
This Week.
THURSDAY, A.M., April 22.
160 Alpha.....
600 Am Flat..
345 Bullion
210 BeBt A Belcher. .52^52^
140 Baltimore Con...8M@8^
465 Belcher 34@35
10 Bacon .5)_
130 Crown Point 36@363*:
160 Caledonia 21
325 Ohollar Potosi 66@6S
375 California 64 J4@64^
f:0 Confidence. ... 203?@2l
HO Con Virginia.. 450@452),
325 Daney X
135 Dayton -3@3)_
325 Gould* Curry 19
300 Globe IH
160 Hale A Norcro9S.41@41W
70 Imperial 8%@9
30 Justice i:ilrrt-|:t6
320 Julia BH@8%
120 Kentuck .16
100 Knickerbocker.. 4M(S!4J.
190 Lrdv Bryan... 5@5>_
1050 Mexican 30@30-)6
390 New York 25s@2^
2190 Ophir U2@112
190 Overman 66jf @67J<
280 Occidental 3}|
100 Phil Sheridan jk
1005 Rook Island 6Wffi7
15 Sierra Nevada i'S1 .
10 Savage 130
350 Succor %@\
105 Silver Hill itk
1005 Union Con 9M@9J_
50 Utah b%
390 Woodville " "
60 Yellow Jacket.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
140 American Flag 2@2^
1990 Andes 4^@4H
90 Belmont 414®4i£
330 Cosmopolitan 25o
200 CPRavine 75o
170 Eureka Con 29@29}_
50 EurekaGV 7
I4n Golden Chariot. 65f
300 KosButh 156
880 KKCon.... \%©l
155 Leopard 11®12
20 Leviathan 71 -K
300 Meadow Valley. ...8@8H
150 M Belmont 75o
115 Mansfield 5@6M
20 Mahogany 10
100 Niagara 25c
50 NCarson 30c
370 OrigGold Hill 27a@3
800 Pioneer 1@IM
73o Prospect 3
100 Pacific IK
445 Raymond & Ely....54@66
45 Rye Patch 2<aj2i{
370 South Chariot 2
300 Webfoot 50c
100 Wash A Creole 1
60 War Eagle.. 5
Mining Stocks.
Mining stocks at present, though generally
firm, show little animation. Few instances are
apparent where advances or declines in prices
have been great. The principal attention is, as
usual, turned to Gomstock mines, although the
Idaho and Ely stocks are not as dull as they
have been for some time. Everything is being
made ready on the Raymond & Ely 30- stamp
mill at Bullionville for starting it up, and great
things are expected. At the Idaho mines, ac-
cording to the local papers, everything is en-
couraging, and great expectations are indulged
in. So few California mines are on the stock
list, that it is hardly worth while to notice
them. Most California mines are worked as
mines, not as slock jobbing operations.
On the Comstock, the center of extensive
mining operations on this coast, the business
of exploring goes bravely on along the whole
line. In the bonanza mines work is being vig-
orously prosecuted. All this work is very sys-
tematically done. As cross-cuts are advanced
into the great ore body, drifts intersect them
laterally, and winzes come down into them
from above, bringing a free circulation of pure
air, and thus is formed another base of opera-
tions and a place from which to take a new de-
parture, with fresh air following as the cross-
cuts are again pushed ahead. At the south end
of the lode they are still sinking away in the
hope of making developments. The new min-
ing companies are particularly active in all di-
rections.
The increased interest in mining matters on
the Comstock is as much a bonanza to the
foundrymen in this city as it is to the owners
of the Consolidated Virginia stock, paying $10
per share per month. They are all busy on
machinery for the mines, and heavy and es-
Eensive machinery it is, requiring capital to
uy, and work and skill to make.
There is, nothing of special interest in the
stock market to report. Stocks are neither up
nor down, which makes it interesting to those
who operate and want to know which way they
are going next.
A new mineral, as yet imperfectly described,
has been found at the Clara mine in the Black
Forest, and hence termed clarite. Its consti-
tuents are copper, antimony, arsenic and sul-
phur, or the same as for tetrahedrite, from
which it differs, however, in crystalline form.
Besides their own big sixty-stamp mill, the
Consolidated "Virginia mining company is run-
ning the Mariposa, Occidental, Bacon, Kersey,
Trtnch.Hoosier Slate and Sacramento mills
— eight miles in all.
The Flagstaff smelter, at Sandy, Utah, will
fiie up on or about the first of May for the
summer's work, with its full force of men there
and in the mine.
The new quicksilver mines in -Tuolumne
county, are located about five miles north-
west of Big Oak Flat.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Press an l
other S. P. Journals.!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF
Company.
American Flag M ft M Go Washoe
American Flat M Oo Washoe 6
Atlantic A Pacific Cone M Co Cal 10
Bacon M i M Co Washoe 3
Baltimore Cons MCo Washoe 8
Booth G M Co Cal 1
Buckeye G & S M Co Washoe 13
Caledonia S M Co Washoe 11
Chariot Mill i M i'o San Diego Co Cal 3
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Detintf 'nt. Sale.
Chief of the Hill M Co
Chollar-Potosi M Co
Crown Point Ravine S M Co
Daney OiSMOo
Europa M Co
Globe Oons M Co
Golden Chariot M Co
Hale & Norcross ijMOo
Independent G M Co
Justice M Co
K K Cons M Oo
Lady Bryan M Co
Lady Washington M Co
Mammoth Silver M Co
Mexican G£SMCo
Monitor Belmont M Oo
Niagara G & S M Co
Overman S M Co
Phil Sheridan G <t S M Co
Pioche West Extension M Co
Prussian G &. S M Co
Raymond & Ely M Co
Rook Bland G A S M Co
South Chariot M Co
South Comstock G A S M Oo
St Patrick G M Co
Succor MA M Co
Victoria A Imperial T A M Co
Ward BeecherConsM A M Oo Nevada 4
Wells Fargo M Co Washoe 1
Woodville Cons S M Co Washoe 1
Yellow Jacket S M Co Washoe 20
Washoe 6
Washoe 6
Washoe 2
Washoe 13
Washoe 3
Washoe 5
Idaho 13
Washoe id
Oal 8
WaBhoe 14
Eureka Nevada
Washoe 6
Washoe 3
Nevada 18
Washoe 1
Nevada
Washoe 1
Washoe 31
Washoe 2
Washoe 7
WaBhoe 4
Pioche 4
Washoe 1
Idaho 13
Washoe 2
Cal 10
Washoe 11
Utah
30
10
1 00
5 00
Mar 26
April 10
Mar 9
Mar A
April 12
Mar 31
Mar 4
Mar 9
April 17
Mar 26
April 14
Mar 12
Mar 22
April 14
Marl8
Mar 8
April 13
Maris
Maris
April 2
Mar IB
April 17
Feb 2.1
Mar 22
Mar 16
April 16
Mar 16
Jan 21
MarlO
Mar 24
April I
MarU
Mar 30
April 9
Feb 2
Aprils
Feb 26
Feb 27
Mar 17
Mar 25
April 7
May 4
May 14
April 14
April 12
May 19
May3
April 10
April 13
May 22
April 30
May 18
April 12
April 28
Mav20
April 22
April 12
May 18
April 19
April 20
May 6
April 19
May 21
April 3
April 26
April 19
Mav 19
April 20
Mar 2
April 17
May 3
May 10
April 15
May 4
May 12
Mar 8
May 13
April 2
April 8
April 21
April 23
MaylL
May 28
June 2
May 3
May I
June 7
May 23
April 29
May I
June 14
May 20
June 8
April 29
May 20
.JuneS
May 12
Mayl
June 9
Maj 10
May 20
May 9
May 7
June 8
April 28
May 14
May 17
June 8
May 10
Mar 30
May 7
May 22
June 5
May 7
May 25
May 31
Mar 31
June 3
April 27
May 6
May 10
May 17
June 11
THE BOARDS.
Secretary. Place of Business ±
Geo R Sninney
C A Sankey
A Noel
Edward May
G A Sankey
Ceo R Spinney
C H Sankey
K Wegener
F Swift
Chiles SNeal
W E Dean
J M Bufflngton
Geo R Spinney
R B Noyes
J Maguiro
L Kaplan
J F Llghtner
Geo T Crimes
J S Kennedy
B B Minor
Frank S.wift
H O Kibbe
D A Jennings
J W A Coleman
W W Hopkins
W R Townsend
Geo D Edwards
W R Townsend
T L Kimball
R H Brown
J W Colburn
J W Clark
O H Bogarfc
J M Buffington
D F Verdenal
W H Watson
Wm H Wafon
D A Jennings
C A Sankey
W M Helman
G W Hopkins
320 California
331 Montgomery
419 California
419 California
331 Montgomery .
320 California!
331 Montgomery
414 California
419 California.
419 California t
419 California i
Merchants' E
320 California
419 California
419 California.
Merchants' E
438 California
240 Montgomery.
Merchants' E
411,^ California*
419 California e
419 California!
401 California a'
419 Oalifoniias
All,1* Ouliformas
3i0PineU -,
4UCaliforniaf lfc
330 Pine (
409 California t
402 Montgomery*
418 Californias,
b
f
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
402 Montgomery t [M
Merchants' E
409 California s
302 Montgomery t
302 Montgomery t
■OH Californias
331 Montgomery)
401 California
Gold Hill Nevad1
Dili
ye m
r
Alharabra Q M Co Cal
Annie Belcher Qnidteil.er M Co Cal
Arizona & Utah M Co Washoe
Booth G M Co Plaoer Oo Cal
Cascade Bine Gravel M Co
CederberR G M Co
Chicago Quicksilver M Co
Cincinnati OitSMCo
Edith Q M Oo
£1 Doaado State Co
Enterprise Cons M Co
Excelsior Q M Co
Fresno Q S M Co
Geyser Q S M Co
Golden Grown M Oo
Gold Run M Co
Illinois neutral M Oo
International G M Co
Kentuoky G & S M Co
Lake Countv Q S M Co
Los Prietos M Co
Magenta S M Co
Mariposa L it M Co
Missouri Q M Oo
Monumental M Co
North Bloomfield Gravel M Co
Orleans MCo
Pauper M Co
Rocky Bar M Co
Silver Peak M Oo
Silver Sprout M Co
Stan Islaus River M Co
St Helena G AS MCo
St Paul G .fc S M Co
Theresa M ft M Co
Utah S M Co
"Weavcrville D ft H M Co
Woodville G ft S M Co
Cal
Cal
Cal
Oal
Cal
Cal
Cal
Cal
Cal
Oal
Nevada Co Oal
Idaho
Oal
Washoe
Cal
Oal
Grass Valley Cal
Oal
Sonoma Co Oal
Washoe
Cal
Cal
Idaho
Washoe
Oal
Cal
Napa Co Oal
Napa Oo Oal
Cal
WashoB
Cal
Washoe
25
1 00
1 00
75
10
Mar 21
April 10
Maris
Mar 31
Mar 8
Mare
April 9
Marl-
MarlO
Mar 4
Mar .0
Mar 20
•Mar 2
Mar 15
Mar 30
April 7
Mar 22
Mar 2
Mar 18
MarlO
Mar 6
April 9
MarlO
April 16
April 17
April 11
Mar 16
Mar 4
Mar 3
Mar 29
Feb 17
April 1
April 17
April 17
Mar 13
Mar 19
Feb 28
Mar 25
May 12
April '22
Mav 3
April 13
April 9
May 10
April 26
April 22
April 5
April 24
April 26
April 10
April 23
Mayl
May 10
April 27
May 5
April 28
April 15
April 12
May 13
May 13
May 17
May 19
Mav 12
April 21
April 10
April 14
May 6
April 17
May 5
May 20
May 20
April 14
April 21
Mar 29
April 28
May 15
May 31
May 12
May 25
Mav J
April 30
May 31
May 17
Mav 14
April 20
May 18
May 15
May 3
May 16
May 20
June 4
May 20
May 24
May 22
May 4
May 3
June 1
June 7
June 7
June 8
June 6
May 10
May 3
May 8
May 28
June 17
May 22
June 10
June 10
Mayl
May 11
April 21
May 17
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
R Von PBster
J M Buffingtou
J Maguire
G R Spinney
J M Bufflngton
D M Bokee
G R Cottrell
Wm Small
Wm Stuart
Hugh Elias
F J Hermann
R Von Pfister
R Wegener
Ford H Rogers
Daniel Buck
C O Palmer
R H Brown
J M Buffington
R Goldsmith
A Baird
S H Smith
L Kaplan
L Leavitt
F H Rogers
W R Townsend
Thoa Derby
J F Ncsmith
W F Bryant
J P Cavatlier
G T Graves
T B Wingard
W Stuart
R Von PAster
R Von PBater
B F Hickson
W E Dean
F H Rogers
W M Helman
Merchants' E |
Merchnnta' E
419 California s
.'+2(1 California v>
Merchants' £
215 Sansumefi
310 Kearny e
S3! California i
113LiedesdorffB i
41tj Montgomery s>
418 Kearny t
Merchants' E
414 California 8/ fe
Academy Bid, "
14 Stevenson's Bid) K
41 Market* »il
402 Montcomerya ,.
Merchants' E: &
Kb Sansomes
3l6Caliiornia<
Montgomery A-l ft
Merchants' E'i
401 California a
330 Pine •
330 Pines
320 Californias
:meftlii"ornins
Is
613 Californias
240 Montgomery ff
318 OaliforniH at
U3 LeidoKtlorlTs
Merchants' £.'
Merchants' E
408 Californias
419 California 4
330 Pine a
401 Californias
.:
Name of Co.
Barcelona Cons M
Cosala M Co
Eureka Coal M Co
Franklin M Co
Globe Cons M Co
Huhn & Hunt S M
New hi rin M Co
Original & Hidden
Pioche S M Co
Scorpion SM Co
cation. Secretary.
J P Moore
Mexico Chas Baum
S Pattee
Wm H Watson
Wa'hoe Called by Trustees
Office in S- F.
426 California st
510 Battery st
323 California st
302 Montgomery st
419 Californias'
Co Ely Dlst T L Kemball 409 California st
Cal E Micblo Over Bank of Calitornla
Treasure M Co Nev D A Jennings 401 California st
Ely Dist Chas E Elliott 419 California st
Washoe Wm H Martin 534 California st
Meeting".
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
ii
Dute
April's
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
Name of Co. Location. Secretary.
Washoe.- H. O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe Charles H Fish
Washoe CE Elliott
N. Ci. Fasset
Ncv WWTraylor
Frank Swift
O A Lankey
Nevada D F Verdenal
months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Mar!
April
is;;!?. ■
May * fc
Sgi ■
Belcher M. Co.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M AM Co
Cons Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Oo.
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Excelsior M & M Co
Jefferson S M Co
Rye Patoh M Co
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay St.
419 California st
419 California st
331 Montgomery st
409 California st
Amount.
■ 3 00
25
40
10 00
2 00
1 00
60
1 Oft
50
Payabla ,,
Jan'
N-o?.
jfni
Jan. 2
Apr :;
April I
patents & Inventions.
la-
Smith,
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Reports* fob the Mining and Soien
ttfio Pbesb, DEWEY & 00., Pt/blishebs and
U. 8. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch. Dated "Washington,
D. C, April 20, 1875.
For Week Ending Apbil 6.
Boot Clamp fob Boot-Blacks. — Orrin Collier,
Sacramento, Cal.
Scuttle Elevatob. — Ft-rdinand A.
Portland, Oregon.
Aebial Tot. — Peter B. Fernandez, S
Aebial and Marine Gtbatob. — Peter
nandez, S. F., Cal.
Bbdsh and Mop-Holding Device. — Richard
C. May, Sacramento, Cal.
Tb&de-Mabk.
Fob Life Ointment. — William Ostrander &
Co., Wataonville, Cal.
The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after the date of idsue.
Note. — Copies of IT. S. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted witb
perfect security and in the shortest possible time.
Cal.
Fer-
Me. Alvinza Haywabd has purchased a con-
trolling interest ia a gravel mine Dear Shasta,
which contains 1,7U0 acres. Preparations are
being made by that gentleman to work it on
an extensive scale.
The Empire State mill, near Virginia City,
crushes 1,500 tons of Ophir ore per month.
Mb. John Dunn, foreman of the Julia mine ^
has been appointed superintendent, to fill thfl tt3:
vacancy occasioned by the death of T. F "
Smith.
lis
A rich deposit of quicksilver has been die In!
covered near Colville, in Mono county, ^
fc
INDISPUTABLE EVIDENCE.
St. Elmo, Hi., July 8, 1874.
R. V. Piebce, M. D., Buffalo, N. Y.:— I wish to ado
my testimony to the wonderful curative properties o>
your Alt. Ext., or Golden Medical Discovery. I "
taken great interest in this medicine since I first
your Alt. Ext., or Golden Medical Discovery. I hav> a[
' ' UB6I ' '
it. I was badly afflicted with dyspepsia, livet derange* «(
a
Li
*:
and an almost perfect prostration of the nervouB sys-
tem. So rapid and complete did the Discovery effect i
perfect cure that it seemed more like magic and a per
feet wonder to myself, and since that time we hav< M>
never been without a bottle of the Discovery and Pur ^
gative.Pellets in the house. They are a solid, sounc
family physician in the house and ready at all times t< ^
fly to the relief of sickness— without charge. We havi ';i
never had a doctor in the house since we first began tbi
use of your Pellets and Discovery. I have recom
mended the use of these medicines in several severe am
complicated cases arising from, as I thought, an im
pure state of the blood, and in no one case have the;
failed to more than accomplish all they are claimed U
do. I will only mention one as remarkable, (though .
could give you dozens) . Henry Koster, furniture deslei
of this place, who was one of the most pitiful object
evi-r seen, his face swollen out of shape, scales &n< -,.
eruptions without end, extending to his body, whicl
was completely covered with blotches and scales
Nothing that he took seemed to effect it a particle. !
finally induced him to try a few bottles of the Goldfll
Medical Discovery, with daily use of the Pellets, aesur
ing him it would surely cure him. He commenced It
use some six weeks since, taking two Pellets each nigh
for a week, then one each night, and the Discovery a
directed. The result is, to-day his skin is per/eotl;
smooth, and the scaly eruptions are gone. He has take)
Borne seven or eight -bottles in all, and considers him
self cured. This case had baffled the skill of our bee
physicians. Messrs. Dunsford & Oo., Druggists, of thi
placs, are selling largely of your medicines, and tb<
demand steadily increases, and they give perfect satis
faction in every case.
Respectfully, W. H. OHAMPLIN,
Agt. Am. Exp. Oo.
iml 24, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
277
Capital in Mining.
I 'he Yuma Sentinel reports that Senator Jone*
111 paid $240,000 for mining interests in Wal-
u District, Arizona, and is shipping machin-
and supplies for active operations. We are
to see that so great a capitalist and shrewd
iniog man as Senator Jones Ins turned bis
ntion to Arizona. The miues of that Terri-
are undoubtedly extensive and rich, but
of capital, want of prober means of trans-
ation and Indian wars have kept the coun-
back. It is a good sign for Arizona when
1 of means take hold of her minus, with the
otion of legitimately developing them.
is astonishing what difftreuce there is iu a
ing camp where a capitalist has invested
ley, and one where nu capital has been put
One will be all lite aud bustle and the
dull an 1 listles9. The presence of one
talist will do more to encourage the miners
the discovery of a dozen good ledges. All
era oun remember imny camps whi.'k have
jged along slowly until outside money came
when a sudden advance would be made and
people become conscious of the value of
ir property. There are many mining dis-
:s on this coast with good veins, rich ore
good prospects, which for lack of capital
nearly deserted.
s an instance of what capital can do, Fana-
t may be cited. The district was known to
people before Jones, Stewart, and others
: hold of the mines. As soon as they began
levelop them properly, build roads, etc.,
dreds of miners were attracted tbere and
ir capitalists thought proper to invest. The
p became a flourishing one immediately,
eaa without the capital it would still be
at unknown.
rizona is perhaps more in need of enter-
ing mining capitalists than any of the
or Territories. A few men of means can
ven the whole mining interests. No one
bts the richness of the mines, but few have
isted money there. They have been sending
to this city for several years, for reduction,
freight alone on which was greater than
■whole value of what we usually consider
fi ore. And this ore after being handled eight
Hen times and carried many hundred miles,
Hpaid a good profit. Hundred dollar rock
fif very little use in many of the Arizona dis-
Ka and will only pay when mills are put up
Hie mines. If a few men like Senator Jones
H hold of mining property there, Arizona
Haoon show the results in the statistics of
Hi on production.
i
A inert can Pip Iron, V ton .
METALS.
[WBOLWALZ. ]
Tm-MDii x.. April 11. 1875.
10 t6 0"
43 U0
10 TO
ISO!)
- *,
- 4
- ss
- »**
-%
- s£
a 00
. - 4S
Scowl Pig Iron, *t too 4s uu
White Pig. V ton — — n
Oregon Pig, * ton @
Kehned Bar, bad utonmcai, > lb us
Refined Bar, good assortment, V lb w
Boilsr, No. I to4 J5
Plato, No. 5 to 9 „ 3
Sheet. No. 10 to 14. (»
Sheet, No. 16 to 'Ml — aH»
SheeuNo". It to '.'4 _ 6 a)
Sheet, No. 26 to 2< — 6Ji@
Hone Mumn, per keg. 7 50 uu
Nail Rod — 10 @
Norway Iron _ 9 §
Rolled Iron — fi S
Other Irons for Blaoksmi ths. Miners, eto.
UOPPEtt.—
Brazier*' — 3.'. (A
Copper Tln'd — 3TSS — •
U'Nlel's Pat... — JI*J§ — -»J
Sheathing, Jk lb — 40 a, — n
Sheathing, Yellow % — is
Sheathing, Old Vol low a> ~ US
Composition Nails — 24 @
Composition bolls — 24 i ■
Tin Platrs.—
10x14 1 O Charcoal 12 00 <§> 12 50
lUxU I X Oharooal 14 00 loj 14 M
Hoofing Plato I C Charcoal 11 Ou [3 II 50
Banca Tin —30 ,u — 32
Australian
STZKL.— KoRlisii Oaat, V lb
Anderson ± Woods' American ''am..
Drill
Flat Bar
Plow Steel
ZiNO....By the Catk.
Z100, Sneet 1x3 ft, No" to 10 ?tlb ....
do do 7x3 ft, Nell to 14
do do 8x4 ft, No 8 to 10 . ...
do do 8xl fi.No Uto 10
Nails— Assorted sizes 4 25 tat 8 00
Qoicksilveb. per lb 65 — @ — 75
■r @
LEATHER.
Oily Tanned Leather, H OB
Santa Ornz Leather, 1* lb . .
[WHOLESALE.]
Wednesday m.. April 21, 1876.
.2S'5(2!f
..24f«a;
ijoamry Leather,
Stockton Leather,
Jodot,8 K.U.. per doz (50 00@ 5ifl0
Jodot, 11 to 13 Kil., per doz «8 00® 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz 82 (Wa.!i4 DO
Jodot. second choice, 11 to 16 Kil. V doz. 57 OOCqt 74 00
Oornellian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 O0<iu 67 »(■
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 00(2 67 iX>
Cornellian Females. 14 to- 16 KJI 71 "W* 76 51'
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00@ 61 \fi
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00m 72 no
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 0<Fa75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,* doz 61 ""'
Simon, 20 Kil. * doz 65
Simon. 24 Kil. %l doz 72
Robert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 .
French KipB, $ ft 1 OOl
California Kip, » dor 40 ""
French Sheep, all colors, f* doz a
Eastern Calf for Backs, & lb „., 1
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, ft doz — 9
Sheep Roane for Linings, % doz 5 50
California RnsBett Sheep Linings l„'7f
Best JodotOalf Boot Legs, $pair...
Good French Calf Boot Legs, V> pair
French Calf Boot Legs, ft pair
Harness Loatber, ",-"• lb .,
Kuir Bridle Leather. % doz
Skirting Leather, |t ft
Welt Leather, V doz 30 00» 50 00
Bnfl Leather, $ foot I7@ %
Wax Side Leather. « foot 17(5 Ofl
Industrial Items.
he California wool clipping and machine
ufacturing oompany has been incorporated,
object of the corporation is to contract for
ping, trading in wool and the manufacture
■ool clipping machines.
he Consolidated tobacco company are largely
I easing their facilities for manufacturing at
I "oy. By the addition now making the com-
■ y will be able to manufacture 1,750,000
"■Irs every month.
■Jolonkl Donahue offers to build bis rail-
JBft to San Rafael, if the people at that place
H cut a tunnel through the hill at the puerto
^■o, at their own expense, an item of $50,000.
Hhe Nevada State Journal says that Mackey
■"air, the great Comstock millionaires, con-
JH plate building a narrow-gauge railroad from
. V;?inia City to Reno.
[he Eureka (Nev.) Sentinel declares the con-
" BlLction of a narrow gauge railroad from that
Be to Euby Hill a settled fact.
Hhe citizens of Modesto had a meeting last
njk and inaugurated a plan for the establish-
Bpt of water works in town.
t jiLE ribbon in large quantities are now be-
ili manufactured at the Union Pacific silk
~ls in South San Francisco,
he machinery for the Petaluma woolen
■ 1 has arrived from the East and will be put
a immediately.
he Donahue railroad company is fitting up
Sost elegant train of cars that will be ready
ft service about the time the new steamer goes
flihe route.
:fooDS to the amount of $10,000 are turned
each month at the Stockton woolen mill'.
manufactoby of agricultural implements is
', ttki to be started in Stockton.
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Oharlbb Stjtro & Co.]
Legal Tenders in S. P., 11a. m., SV*i to 88.
Gold Bars, »90. Silver Barb, 4 and 4^ per cent, dis-
count.
Exchange on N. Y., & per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, 1 '■; and 2 per cent, discount.
Currency, 14 per cent. On London— Bankers, 49,'^: Com-
mercial, -ii.i ' .. Pans, 5 francs per dollar.
London — ConBols, 93 to 93J£; Bonds. 108: Liverpool
Wheat 9-*.; 99. 4d.: Olab 9s. fid. ; SkUl
QoickbiLveb in S. F., by the flask, per tt, a5c@80c.
tsasRS. Tbubseb & Co., of London, the
1 known publishers, have ordered a second
jopics of Mr. J. S. Phillips' book, the "Ex-
rer'a. Miner's and Metallurgist's Compan-
," which was published by Dewey & Co.,
his city. Mr. Phillips, being an English
fltfect, justly considers this an in&tance of
>rei'iation at home.
lT the Consolidated Virginia mine the sul-
f irets and bullion on hand at. the office more
t n equal the yield of the past month for the
a'ie length of time. The mills are all running
t to their full working capacity and the pros-
'ts 6f the entire mine never were more
Bering than now.
Lt Eureka the Atlas smelting works are now
ling to the bullion product of the district,
e hundred bars were run out yesterday.
Our Agents.
Oub Fhikndb can do much In aid of our paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents in their labors of canvassing, by lending their
influence and encouraging favors. We Intend to send
none but worthy men.
J. L. Tharp — San Francisco.
B. W. Crowell— California.
A. C'Ohampion — Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties,
D. J. James — Australian ColonieB.
J. C. Ewn«J — Contra Costa County.
John Bostran— Sonoma County.
W. C. Quinby, Eastern and Western States.
B. E. Lloyd— Nevada and Placer Counties.
B. Goodwin— California.
A. C. Knox, Southern California.
G. W. McGrew, Santa Clara county.
L. P. MoCarty, California.
H. D. Morgan, Santa Cruz County.
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER,
TRADE A MARK.
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced certain unscrupulous persona to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice is given to consumers and shippers
that Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or his duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B. BANDOL, Managrer,
New Almaden, April 5th, 1875.
SANBORN & BYRNES.
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furniBbed to order. Wooi and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
BaluBtera. 25v8-8m-bp
banking.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
Or BAM FBANCISCO.
Capital. Five Million Dollars.
c. w. KbXLoaa
H.F. HASTINGS
K. N. TAN bUCNT
PreHldeut.
Manager.
Cutbier.
BANKING HOC8E.
No. 423 California utreot San Francisco.
Kountze Bbothers, Baneees,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK.
Allow interest at the rate cf Four per cent, upor
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Beceive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Buah street, above Kearny SAN FRANOI8GO
«v27tf G. MAHE. Director.
Wn directory.
U1LK1 11. Gilt T.
J1MKS M. UiVtrl.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building or Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
'orniuanr LetdesdorlT streets,
SAW FRANniSCO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. TV. corner Bacramento.
,vu iinjtrmnents made, repaired and adjnated
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GILLOTTS
STEEL rPElJTS.
Sold by all Dealers throughout the World.
wit. BARTL1NQ
HEHRY KIMBALL.
BARTLING & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers
SOS Clay street, (southwest cor. 8ansome),
8AN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. P.
Refers to Dewey k Co., Patent A'gents ; Judge S,
He;denfeldt or H. H. Haiulit. 6v28-3m
This is a Sure Cure for Screw "Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It alao kills Ticks*
Lice, and all Pat asitea that infest Sheep.
PreventB scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hmidred Bheep,
bo that the coat of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore been used by farmers."
Circulars seat, post paid, upon application, giving
full directions for its ubo, also certificates of prominent
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective and reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
W. BREDEMEYER,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt Lalce., TJ. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of MineB.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Ofllce, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of Shafts. P. O. Box 1167.
Thursday Noon our last forms go to preBS. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week aB possible.
Subbcblbebs who by mistake get two copies of this
paper, should notify us wilhout delay.
fining and Other Companies.
Benjamin Mill and Mining Company— Lo-
catioo of principal place of bu-iiKv., San Francisco, Cal-
ifornia Location of work*. Devil's (Jar© District, Lyon
County, Nevada.
Notice io herr by given, that at a meeiiiiK of the Board of
Directors, holil on tha Hth day of April. IKS an aaoeaa-
ment. No, i, of l*n cento per >nure wai levied upon the
capital *toclt of iho corporation, payable on the2lot dav of
April, 1*1(3, In United MaLun told coin, tfl the Store Wry, at
theofflct! nf the c-nnauny, Room 1, 401 California atrvet,
aan Franciaco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain on-
paid on the^d da> of May, Jt^o, will be delinquent, and
sdvertleed for bale at public auction, and unless payment
ia mode bftor.-, will be sohl on Monday, the Uth day of
June, 1H7S, to pay the delinquent assiosment, together
with coBtsof inivertisinR and eipeiiseoof sale. By order
of the Board of Directors.
M „ LKANDER LEAVITT, Secretary.
Offico. Room i, 401 California street, Sun Francisco, 0»I
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company-Principal p ace of bu-inea<. San Francisco.
Cat. Location of worts. Nashville, Kl Dorado county-
Notice is hereby eiven, that at a meeting of the Board
of Dir.-Lto'B, held on the 1st day of April, 1873, an atucss-
ment of fifty (.30) cents per share whs levied upon the cap-
ital stock of the Corporation, payable immediately in U S
gold and silviT coin, to tbo secretary at the offloe of the
company. Any stuck upon which this assessment shall
remain unpaid on the 3d day of May 1*73, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and un-
less payment la made be lore will lie sold on Tuesday, the
18th day of May. 1873, to pay the delinqutnt ax.-esHnient,
together with coot- of adverlUmg and expense of cale
J. "W. TKIPP, Sec'y.
Office, 406 California street, room 16.
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
panv,- Principal place of business, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia. Location of works, Kelsey Mining District, Kl
Dorado County, California.
Notice is hereby given, thatat a meetimi of the Board of
Directors, held on the 17th day of March, 1 h 7 ,s , an a^t^ss-
ment(No.4) of Ten (10) cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary,
at tho office of the Company. 631 California street, San
Francisco, Cal.
Any stock unon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 26th day of April, 1875. -will be delinquent,
and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless
farment is made before, will be sold on Mondav, the
ith day of May 1875, to pay the delinquent a»sessmeut
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL. Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California street, San Francispo
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Prin-
cipal place of business, San Francisco. Location of
work.-, Lower Rancharia. Amador county, Cal.
Notice la hereby given ihat at a meeting of ihc Board of
Directors, held on the 26th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty-five cents per i-hare was levied npnn the
capital Btock of the ->orp oration, payable immediately, ia
United States gold and silver coin, to iho Secretary, No
lib Leideedorft street 8an Francisco, Cal.
Anj stock upon which Ihie assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 24th day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for eale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 10th day of
May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of eule.
W AUG. KNAPP, Secretary.
Office, 116 LeidesdorfT street, San Francisco, Cal.
Keystone Quartz Mining Company — Lo-
cation of principal place of business, Ban Francisco,
California. Location of works, Butte Township,
Sierra County, California.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 8th day of March, 1875, the several amounts Bet
opposite the names of the respective shareholder?, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Mi I ton S Latham 42 1000 $1000 00
Milton 8 Latham 43 1000 1000 00
Milton 8 Latham 44 400 400 00
Peter Dean 46 200 200 00
J F Greeoman, Trustee . .68 774 774 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 8th day of March,
1876, so many shareB of each parcel of said stock as may
be necesBary, will be sold at public auction, at the
auction house of John Middleton £ Son, No. 310 Mont-
gomery street, San Francisco, California, on the 10th
day of May, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock m., of Baid
day, to pay said delinquent aBBesBment thereon, to-
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale,
LOUIS VE9AR1A, Secretary.
Office — Northwest corner Pine and Sansome streets,
San Francisco, California.
Manhattan Marble Company of Califor-
nia. Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, California. Location of worka, Oakland, Alameda
. county, State of California
Notice is hereby civen, that at a meeting of the Direc-
tors, held on the 30tb day of March, 1875, an assessment
(No. 7) of five dollars per share was levied upon the capital
stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in United
States gold coin, to the Secretary of the company, at his
office, Noe. 13 and 16 Fremont street, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain uu-
fiaid on the 30th day of April, 1875, shall be deemed de-
inquent, and advertised tor sale at public auction, and
unless payment is made before, will be sold on Monday,
the Hth day of May, 1875, at 12 o'clock M., to pay the delin-
quent assessment, together with costs of advertising and
expenses of sale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Secretary.
Office, Nob. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco
California.
Theresa Mill and Mining Company. —
Principal place of business, Son Francisco, State of Cal-
ifornia. Location of works, Coulterville District, Mari-
Sosa County, California,
"otlce is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 13th day of March, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty cents per share was levied opon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold and silver coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the Company, Room 16, 408 California street,
San Francisco, California.
Any Btock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 14th. day of April, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold <m Saturday, the first day of
May. 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
cosib of advertising and expenses of sale.
B. K. HICKOX, Secretary.
Office— Room 16, 408 California street, San Francisco,
California.
POSTPONEMENT.— The time when the above assess-
ment will become delinquent is postponed until the
twenty- fourth (24th) day of April, and the sale of stock
for delinquency ia postponed until Tuesday, the eleventh
(11th) day of May, 1875, at the same hour and place above
San Francisco, April Uth, 1875.
B. F. HICKOi, Secretary.
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find, the Tork valuable far beyond
its cost. Published by Dbuev & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Prees.
Price, poBt paid, $1.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 24, 187
Iron and Machine toofe.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 126 Beale Street : . . . -SAN FBANCISCO
^". I. CUKRY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Woris,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIIt-A-i. BOILER.
SHEET IKON WOBK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All ilnds of JOBBING; and REPAIRING promptly
Iron
THE R.ISDOIST
and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL *1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAIT FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers'^ Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . Ail kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm, N orris,
Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLnne,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggln,
James D. Walker.
WM. H.TAYLOR ' President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD... '. Secretary
2jyl7-uy __
JFITLTOIS
Foundry aud Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
KArrorAOTDUEBS or
ariSA-Ml ENGINES,
Quartz, Floiir and. Saw Mill la,
H iyei' Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'i Im-
proved Cruuher, Mining: Pumps,
Anialtf amiitorc, and all kinds
or Machinery.
N. E. corner sf Tehama and Fremont Btreeta, above How.
street, San Francisco. S-qy
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
KAKU7A0HJEEBS OF
BTEAM ^IVGilVIE©, BOILERS,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar' 8 Patent Self- Adjusting- Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kind* of Mining Machinery.
Front Str«et* between M" and O atroets,
Sacramento Citt.
StlEET IROIX I»II>*2.
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IROK AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same -where wanted, guaranteeing? a perfect
working pipe with the" least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car "Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These small wheels are made
of the best Car "Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and bos — introduced by
thiB company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
ay All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
G. "W. Pbebcott.
I
"W. R. EOKABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE,
OAL.
FBESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoiating Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill IronB, House
Fronts Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on baud for sale. 9v28-Iy
T. A. McOobmick. Osoab Lewis. J, McCobmich;
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON "WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Particu-
ar attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 235 BEALE STREET,
Howard Bet. and Folsom Streets, SAN FRANCISCO.
PARKE & LA C Y,
SOLE A0ENTS FOE THE
Burleigh Eock Drill Comrjany,
-MAMUFACTTJBKBB OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting-, Putnam Ha-
L chine Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
21v28-3m-hd
P-AIKKE «Sfc LACY,
310 California St., S. F.
QUIOKSILYEE/.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see MiNiHd and Scientist Pkess, November 7th, 1874.
Patented Novembeb 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
BLADE OF "WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and SaiENTina Pbess, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IKON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and SomNTiFla Press, November 15th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, addreBS,
21v29-16p-3m F- FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
Jno. P. Rankin. Established. 1850. A. P. Bkaoton
Pacific Iron Works,
FraST Street, ... San Fbancisco.
Geo- "W. Fog-e, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERT
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufactured and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDAKD & CO., Props.
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
310 & 212 Beale St,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MANUFACTTJHEBS OF
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and teep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fbemont Street, San Fbancisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts.Miningand General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
FenderB, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental EenceB in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
Na, 105 First street, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All KWDSot'Braaa, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Snip Work of all kindu, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Be 11a ana
(Jongs of super iortoue. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, lurnijhed with dispatch
JS- PRICES MODERATE. ^
J. H. WEED. V. KING WELL.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOIL.EK. MAKERS
AND GEBEKAL MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, San Franolsco
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPEEATITE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OP ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BE3T IN USE.
aTJICKSIIiVBB FURNACES, CONDBN-
SEES, &c.
Having much experience in tne bueinese of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AND —
Every Variety of Jsttiaftingr-
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shaft*, Crank*, PUton and Cnr.
9 aectlntr Bodi) Car and Locomotive Axle*
and Frames
— ALSO —
H-A-MIMEIVEID IRON
Of every description and size.
B^- Orders addressed to PAC1FIO ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box '2032, San Francisco, Oal„ will re-
ceive prompt attention.
n®- The highest price paid for Scrap Iron.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt "Works.
MANTJTACTUBKBS OF a£l KINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Beits,
IS, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, San Francisoo, 4v241y
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keatiiigr's Sack Printing: Presses,
The EcoNoarr Htdkadxio Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-Sm
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOUNDRY,
LISHT A»I> HBATT CA8TM6S,
' of everv description, manufactured. 2.vlfior
Miners7 Foundry and Machine Works,
First Street,
CO-OPERATIVE,
award and Folsom, San Francisco.
HLaohinery and Castings of all kinds.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 First Street,
Ban Fbancmcq
STEIGER & KERB,
IBON FOUNDERS,
IB ON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan*
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to making Supo.
rior Shoes and DieB, 20v26,3m
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes — from 2 to 60-Horse Bower. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining PumpB, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, ete. For sale at the lowest prioes by
10v27tf ,T. HENDT, No. 32 Fremont Street.
PARKE & LACY,
310 California street. "San Francisco
Pacific Lamp & Reflector Factory
NEW MININS AND MILL LIGHTS.
3v30-3m*eow
The National Gold Medal
WAS AWAKDED TO
BRADLEY & KULOFSON
FOB THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE
UNITED STATES,
AND THE
VIENNA MEDAL
FOR THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
No. 429 Montgomery Street,
eowbp San Francisco, Oal.
il 24, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
279
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co- Machinery Depot, San Francisco-
autokxia Planer and Hatchkb Is got
from new pattern* specially for this
B Cast Steel Slutted Cylinder Head.
it Id patent self oiling boxes; Hatcher
1 also of the bettt cant Hteel. Tl
1 ■.mil iron covem. W 111 plane
vide and 6 In. thick, aQd tongue and
14 in. wide. Will make rustle
■ stick gutters, or heavy mouldings, etc., and
1 best Job Machine ever built.
"Wo have always on band a large asaort-
|t of Planing Mill Machinery, all of tin* latest
'ements, including Planers, Moulding.
ngand Tenoning Machines, Baud and. Jig
,kc.,ttc. Bend for Catalogues and prices.
TBEADWELL & CO.,
San Francisco.
Adjustable Saw Guag-e
Foot Power
lxnprovna »a.w Arbors.
Jig: Saws
2Wf 3 ft X •?/*
uL_JL_[LUL_rL_JL
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand-
Improved Band Saws
ACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
P. 0. Box 168. San Francisco, Cal.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE PACIFIC
COAST FOE
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's Patent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's Emery Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co'Ss,^,^^^^,,^,,^^.
l- • 1 t *ne Shavings and Sawdust
Machinists Tools, from machines.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
Over 7.500 in Successful Use in the United
States.
2£<5c O'SBORIT
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
THIS FURNACE REDUCES CINNABAR, (ROOK OR FINE EARTH,) AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
t LESS COST per ton than any other furnace. It will work continuously Twelve to Twenty-four
months without stopping.
> MAT* HAS, EVER, BEEN SALIVATEI>
lerwise affected by the mercury about the furnace, either in operating it or making repalra. For ful
particulars, planB, etc., apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
tVe refer auy party desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining Companies,
e the furnace may he seen in successful operation :
The Manhattan Mine in Napa County.
The Kedington Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Phcenix Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma Ccunty.
The Annie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Cloverdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The California Borax Company (Sulphur Banks), Lake County.
The Abbott Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Cerro Bonito Mine, Fresno County.
KNOX & OSBOBN-
vt
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
' To Supls. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally.-
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of t-teel and at the
same time produce Shoeb and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dres made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by tho
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
Bets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in \«e in maDy of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounoe them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam "
by absence of iron dust and chippiugs, and a saving oft.
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders l\
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound Bhipped at San Francisco. TermB liberal.
with ^dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building. S.F
GIANT P0WDEE,
Patented May 36, I8O8*
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWI>ER, IVO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine blasting.
GIANT FOWDEH, ISO. S,
For medium and Beamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use eaves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, beBides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
jiy The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front StreeJ.
LEFFEL & MYERS
MANUFACTUBEBS OF
T "Vf TR1 tf Th"1 T ' ^!
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBINF
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Plumes ,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. * HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. P.
jjySend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List— Bent free-
280
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[April 24, 187
0
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zi w - * 3 rf 3 o.-^ *. •s « "
« cSl fi-S § 0 gl § a » «Sa § S S g'S -a - .-,
1 .5 & a '
'Hit-:
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M n 3 « 2
ifl.rS-S13-,a'Og,gagoHii3S
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= •0
THE "HOADLEY
J5
PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE
/\LL SIZES
;&og
H.D <1>
-w O
(A s
O S
m
■— *
Mil
C 9
111"
"Sa ^
■a of" ►?
a 6 ^ ^ !» ig
tSS~s«sag&i=c--|»^ss-ai„ .
-■3ffgBSS'E=«~l|S'3*:5Sg"a.aag<!
1 111^-g Sin ||--!^ HU s b 52 g
o ft- -w—lJi H*j a> ©~,o Met;—- „ ai"
5, i. a"3
The above cuta represent the new style "HOADLEY" variable cut off 15 Horse-Power Portable Engine. We have same style and ■ ize mounted <
wheels afi a Threshing Engine for the RueBell End- shake Separator. We have all sizes from 3 to 40 horse-power on hand. The HOADLEY ENGINES Dei
no recommendation from us. We have Bold them In California for 20 years, and every year has added to their improvements. The last great Improv
ment is the Cut-off Governor, thus giving them all the economy and increased power of the most thorough built stationary engine.
oyMillmen, MiDe-owners aud Mining Superintendents, and all who intend buying engines, will do well to examine carefully the merits of tl
'HOADLEY" before purchasing. Circulars and price b sent free on appplication. Address
TREADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
'•:•■-
a;:
1!
A:
bit
lit
(Metallurgy apd Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTEES OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
612 and 614 Washington street, SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of ABBayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged In furnishing these supplies sine*
the first discovery of mineB on the Pacific Coast.
>7~ Our Gold and Silver TableB, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26-tf
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one hue
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so aB to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence itisth^ownto the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference aB before. Thus
it is constantly passing aregular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
SetlerB made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp bo constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setters
lor themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Frsncisc*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HUHN,
C. A. iaJCXHARDT,
Mining- Engineers and Metallurgists.
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENET G. HANKS
Will receive afew pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS.
Examiner of Mines, Mineral Assayer, Etc.
•g *
m 2
Author of 'the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion,"- a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth); $12 (leather).
Inventor of the " WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
at the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fair of 1SG9.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
RODGERS, MEYER & CO.,
OOMMISSIOIV MEHOH-A-NTS,
l»vUCI8 MADE
Of all kind, of Ore., and partlcnlar atlentloa
PAID TO
0ONSISHHKNT8 OF UUO'l.
tvlt-Sm
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, S. F.)
Assayer and Metallurgrica?
CHEMIST,
No. 011 Commercial Street*
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint.
8ah Fbanotsco Oil. 7v2t-Slt
W. T. &ARRATT.
CITY A
Brass and Bell Founder, J»
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
UANUFAOTUBERS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
O A8TING8,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TATEKN AN» LAND BELLS, GOXOfi,
TIRE ENGINES, P0KCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves oi all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints', Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur.
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer oi " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
■^"Highest Market Price paid lor OLD HELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-«
PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS,
SAN FRAN0I8OO,
Manufacturers of
Linseed and Castor Oils,
OIL CAKES AND MEAL.'
Highest price paid for Flax Seed and Castor Beans de
livered at our works.
Office, 3 and 6 Front street.
Works, King street, bet. Second and Third. fel5-eow
N. W. SPATTLDLNTG,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MAtrtJFAOTUBEB OF
SPAULDING'8
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most do able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wot .d.
Eaob Saw is 'Warranted in every respect;
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FT7RNI8HED AT SHORT HOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY JMTT0N DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
ounce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STEEET,
SAN FRANCTSOO, CAL,
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 187
^EMI-pOrVTABL.E!
The highest and only prize of its cluss given to ai
Vertical Engine was awai'ded to the
HASKINS . ENGINES AND BOILERS
Br THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION, I
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Powe
and the Sharpley Engines.
BAIRD'S
FOR MM, UK
My new revised and enlarged Catalogue of PRACT
CAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 8vo., will ' *
Bent free of postage, to any one who will favor me wi'
his address. HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut street,
lCp Philadelphia,
Ames'
is.
it
Genuine Chester Emerit*;
Hal been reduced from seven cents to .» '
cents per pound for grainB in kegs, flon 'Jffl
and fine flour remaining at four cents P H '
pound, as heretofore. Important disconnr"
to the trade. .Send for circulars.
E. V. HATJGHWOTJT & CO.,
26 Beekxnan Street, New Ybri ^
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Ct
Have alwayB on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Irfli:
Boiler Fluea, Gasand Water Pipe, Caet
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. MoCEINDLE, Manager, 22 fc 24 Fremont St., S. f,
mG-m2
Aht Pekbon receiving this paper after giving
order to stop it, may know that such order has f«- .
to reach us, or that the paper is continued inadvt ;
tently, and they are earnestly requested to send wflj
ten notice direct to us. We aim to stop the pap
promptly when itis ordered discontinued. »
BY DEWEY A CO.
Patent 8«>Ucltora.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. MAY 1, 1875.
VOLUME 3CX.2C
Number 18.
The Bruckner Revolving Furnace.
The Bruckner revolving cylinders (or roast-
ing ores, engravings of which accompany this
article, are now used at
a number of mills in Colo-
rado and New Mexico for
the purpose of roasting
aud cbloridizing silver
ores, with satisfactory re-
sults, even from • those
cylinder* of small size,
erected before the many
improvements of recent
date. The larger improved
cylinders are used at the
Tennessee reduction
works, Silver City, Grant
county, New Mexico, and
tho-e which were built in
187 1 , at the eel ebrated
§1 Caribou silver mills and
Amines, Colorado, a mining
Mi enterprise which proved
f bo satisfactory as to have
■been sold some time
Hsince to a Holland com-
Spany for a very large
■amount. These cylinder?,
■n now constructed by
■Messrs. Lane & Bodley,
■of Cincinnati, Ohio, are
■shown in the accompany-
Sng cuts, in which figure
■L ie an elevation in per-
spective, Figure 2 a longi-
■tudinal |and Figure 3 a
■transverse section. Our
■cor respondent, W. C.
■■Quimby, sends ns the fol-
-jftowing description of the
■furnaces:
-fl The exterior of the cylinder is a sheet of
■wiler iron, twelve feet long by live f -et six
Hfnches in diameter. The ends are partially
Inlosed with similar material, leaving in the
'•[center a circular opening
about two feet in diameter,
i bounded by a flange projec-
j i ping several inohes. Upon
one Bide is placed an open-
-, . yng closed by a hinged door.
| upon the outside of the cyl- ■ '
| i >«nder are bolted three bands
V j»s shown in Fig. 1, in which
\ he section of the first is
\\ - quare and that of the third
-\\ emi- circular; the second or
1 1 niddle band is a strong
d pur gear.
fw Passing through t^e cyl-
« aider are six pipes parallel
N Bo one another, in a plane
it an angle of fifteen degrees
o the axis of the cylinder;
base pipes also lie in this
lane at an angle of thirty
» thirty-five degrees to the
mgitudinal axis of the
ilane, as shown in Fig. 3,
'here the internal arrange-
ent of the cylinder is seen,
perforated diaphragm be-
ig formed through part of
ie cylinder by means of
lerforated plates placed be-
r-jen the above described
peB, the plates being held
. plaoe by longitudinal
ooves upon these pipes.
The entire cylinder is
lined with brick (common
uilding brick have been
pund to answer the pur-
lose very well), the brick
eing placed in the folio w-
ag manner: The entire side of the cylinder
i covered with one layer, laid flatwise,
bus forming a lining about two and a half
aches thick; there is an additional layer
xtending from each end of the cylinder
bout fifteen inohes to the center of where the
learest pipe passes out; the additional con-
sntric layers are added thereon, until the
cirole is contracted down to the size of the
openiifg in the end, which is also lined, and
each layer falls short of the preceding one
about two inohes, thus giving the end linings a
conical form, the entire lining being laid in a
tary motion is given to the cylinder by means
of a pinion placed under the cylinder and
geiring into the spur wheel band. Upon the
other end of the pinion shaft are placed ten
bevel wheels, into which gear two match
Fig. 1. THE BRUCKNER REVOLVING FURNACE.
mortar of one part fine clay, two parts pulver-
ized old fire briok and water, all thoroughly
mixed and beaten. The cylinder is supported
upon four large friction rollers, two of which
wheels, which latter are loose upon the driving
shaft,' standing at right angles to the pinion
shaft, and either of which wheels can be at-
tached togthe driving shaft, thus communicat-
Fig. 2. Longitudinal Section through
are grooved upon their periphery to loosely fit
the semi-circular band, thus holding the cylin-
der longitudinally in place. The other two
friction rollers are made without a groove and
bear upon the square band, thus accommoda-
ting themselves to the exhaustion and contrac-
tion of the cylinder, or any irregularities in
form. These things are shown in Fig, 1. Eo-
Axis of Bruckner Revolving Furnace.
ihg the Bpeed of revolution of one or the other
of the bevel j gears as may be desired. Inas-
much as by wear or settling the axis of the
cylinder may possibly be thrown out of the
proper line, the following means of adjustment
are provided, but not Bhown in any of the en-
gravings, viz. : Each journal box of the f fic-
tion rollerB is held in position'by adjusting
screws, by which it can be moved hor-
izontally to or from the center line of the
machine, thus giving entire control of the
lateral and perpendicular adjustment of the
cylinder which they support.
The oircular flange of
I one end of the cylinder
loosely projects into a fire
box best seen in section
to the left of Fig. 2. The
other end projects into
an opening communicat-
ing with dirt chambers
and a chimney.* There
is placed in the bottom
of the flue a shoe pro-
jecting into the cylinder,
which catches such dirt
as may fall back and re-
turns it into the cylin-
ders' in lieu of allowing
it to eBcape through the
crevice between the cyl-
inder flange and the open-
ing into the flue. A door
is placed in the flue, oppo-
site the opening, through
which the interior of the
cylinder and its contents
c»n be readily examined
at any time.
Method of Operating Ihe
Cylinder with Refractory
Silver Ores. .
A fire having been kin-
dled in the fire-box, the
cylinder is allowed to
slowly revolve until heat-
ed to a dull red, and is
then brought to rest with
the door on top. In this
position about 4,000 lbs.
of pulverized ore, and 200
to 400 pounds of salt are
introduced; the door is
closed and securely fast-
ened and the cylinders
are made to revolve at the slower speed of from
one-half to one turn per minute. The fire is
so regulated that alter an hour's time the sul-
phur contained in the ore commences to burn,
the ore in the cylinder being
retained at a dull red for
some time. (In those ores
containing a large amount
of sulphur, little or no addi-
tional fuel is required for
desulphurization.) During
the whole of this and the
subsequent operation, the
inclined perforated dia-
phragm causes the heated
ore to traverse alternately
backward and forward the
entire length of the Cylinder,
also sifting it through the
flame, thus insuring a uni-
form heating, mixing and
exposure to chemical action.
The diaphragm, in the
meantime, is proteoted from
destructive action of beat by
th.6 cooling effect of ex-
ternal air circulating through
the pipes, and from corrosion
by the formation of a basic
s^ale or coating, resulting'
from reaction of the iron,
pulp, etc.
The desulphurization be-
ing completed, the heat is
gradually augmented to a
fall red. The pulp soon as-
sumes a spongy appearance,
technically known as
"woolly," in consequence
of the double dec impo-
sition of the sulphates
(formed during desulphur-
izing) and salt (chloride
of sodium), liberating chlo-
rine gas, etc. After an hour's time, or Boon as a
sample taken from the cyliuder-evolvesthe odor
of chlorine uncontaminated with that of sulphur-
ous acid, which indicates that the cblorinition
is complete, the door in the cylinder is opened,
and the cylinder revolved by the more rapid
moving gear, and the chloridized ore is quickly
Continued on Page 289.
282
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May x, 1875
CORRESPONDENCE.
Letter from Reveille.
[From our Begnlar Correspondent.]
Editobs Pbess:— The Gila company appears
to be on the high road to success, to . judge by
the prosperous condition of its mine, quantity
and character of ore now being mined, and the
excellent results obtained from ihe first lot of
ore milled.
The .mill -was originally fitted up for wet
crushing, and for purely quartz ores this pro-
cess would have suited well enough , but for
the Gila ores it would not answer, conse-
quently the Superintendent resolved to turn it
into a dry crusher, and has accordingly shut
down for the purpose of carrying out as rapidly
as possible the necessary alterations. These
will, of course, absorb much time on account
of the delay attendant upon procuring the
proper materials from Belmont, the nearest
point at which lumber, castings for drying
kiln, etc, could be procured. Brick, also, had
to be burned, ere any steps were taken in the
matter, and since these will be ready for use by
the 19th, it is hoped the mill will be ready to
resume operations by the 25th inst. at the far-
thest. The sooner the better, for there are
several hundred tons of first-class ore mined
awaiting reduction. The forty-eight tons
which have been worked by wet orushing, pro-
duced $12,000, equal to $250 per ton, and this,
too, it must be remembered, without being
sorted or graded, as is the custom where ores
are found to be as rich as these. These forty-
eight tons were taken at random from a pile of
300 tons lying on the dump, that have been ex-
tracted sinoe the purchase and incorporation of
the mine on the first of last February. It can-
not be denied that these are highly successful
returns, yet, however inspiring, I am now fully
satisfied that future workings will give even
greater products than the above; for these 48
tons were mostly taken from the first lot ex-
tracted from the apex of the vein. There are
now in the neighborhood of 400 tons of this
same quality of ore mined. I visited the mine
onihe 10th inst., which was company pay-day,
and I am free to confess that I was very agree-
ably surprised with the outlook.
Work has been energetically pushed ahead in
every quarter since I last wrote, and brilliant
and all though the prospects were then,' 1 can-
not avoid saying that they have been largely
augmented since that period. I notice by the
issue of the Pbess which came to hand yester-
day, that I addressed it last on the 13th ult.,
a much longer space than I was .aware had
elapsed.
The inside winze mentioned in that letter as
having been sunk 30 feet on the vein, has been
drifted from a distance of 60 feet south along
the lode, through ore of a remarkably fine
grade, without encountering any dead spaoes
in that extent of ground. The vein, as now
worked, is fully five feet between foot and
hanging wall, and these are among the best
defined in structure, smooth, clean and uni-
form throughout, that I have ever seen outside
of the Two G mine at Tybo, of which I will
soon again have something fresh to give to your
readers, now that the new hoisting works are
nearly completed. From two samples of ore
taken by myself from the' face of this south
drift, assay values of $375 and 4289 were ob-
tained, and. these were got from a clasB of ore
that to my judgment did not look like being as
rich as it has proved. Butit is very deceptive,
and differs from any of the Nevada milling
ores with which I am at all acquainted.
The bullion ranged in fineness from 650 to
915, and one or two bars showed 989, thus
showing how small a percentage of the base
metals there are associated in place with the
ore. Thirteen bars have already been shipped
per Wells, Fargo & Co.'s express from Tybo,
consigned to Daniel Meyers of your city, at
whose office they can be seen by the public.
There is now ready and partly sacked enough
of ore to produce $100,000 worth of these shin-
ing bais, which in a few weeks (days) will be-
gin to flow from there to still further add to
the wealth and grandeur of San Francisco.
From the upper tunnel, which courses south
parallel with the above winze, there is at pres-
ent taken some very fine ore from a stratum
four feet thick, and the indications are strongly
in favor of the opinion that it will soon effect a
junction with the main portion of the vein, for
it is now opening as though a bonanza devel-
opment was to be the next thing to transpire.
The tunnel run from a point on the east to
cut the ledge a depth of nearly 100 feet is rap-
idly approaching completion. It is now in
over 112 feet, and hopes are entertained -that
the next 15 feet run will strike the vein, and
this is reasonable to suppose when the char-
acter of the ground through which it is being
driven^is considered, for it shows that the ore
is not f; r distant.
There have been several new and important
strikes made in the vicinity of the Gila lately,
the ore assaying well and giving evidence of
toon beooming plentiful. But of these I will
speak again when not so hurried as at present,
and with this assurance I will close these hast-
ily scribbled remarks. J. D. P.
P. S. Since writing the fore going, ore of a
very high grade has been struck in the outside
tunnel at a distance of 120 feet from its outer
orifice. The ledge is perfect in formation as
far as uncovered, and the ore clean and appar-
ently very rich. This important development
adds to the value of this property immeasure-
ably, and sustains the high opinion which, as
I have shown in the Pbess, I have from the
tfirst always entertained of it, and it unques-
tionably is, from present appearances, destined
to become, and that too at no distant day, the
greatest and grandest mining property outside
of the bonanza that lies under the giant shad-
ows of Mount Davidson. But of this more
anon, from 3.. D. P.
Beveille, Nevada, April 15.
Locomotive Engineering— " The C. P.
Huntington."
Editobs Pbess: — About two years ago G. P.
Huntington met with a terrible accident, and
got most fearfully smashed out of form and
shape. I do not mean the gentleman who bears
that name, and who occupies so conspicuous a
position in railroad affairs on this coast, but his
namesake, the engine Number 1, belonging
to the S. P. E. K. Number 1, or 0. P. Hunt,
ington, was one of the engines that had the
misfortune to be engaged in the collision that
occurred on that road, when one engineer,
White, was killed, and Jerry Sullivan, and
old McSawyer and other employees of the road
were badly injured, and if I remember right,
there were some three or four passengers killed
also. The engines met face to face while they
were going at the rate of twenty-five miles an
hour, so that it oan be easily imagined that they
must have been pretty severely handled ; indeed
they were literally shivered to atoms. Engine
Number 2 was repaired right away, but engine
Number 1 was stowed up for a time, and it was
not until the last few months that the adminis-
tration determined to rebuild it again.
Last week it was finished, and certainly a
peculiar looking craft it is. The engine is of a
most unique pattern, there being but one -or
two others like it on the coast. The front of
the engine rests on a truck somewhat in the
same manner that other locomotives do, but
there is but one pair of driving wheels, which
are located immediately in front of the fire-box,
while the hind part of the engine and the
tender, which are joined together, rest on a
single truck, which brings up the rear. The
engine has been rebuilt in the most thorough
manner by Messrs. Wilson & Smith, and all
the latest improvements in locomotives have
been put on, that go to make a first-class
engine. With the exception of one or two
plates in the centre of the boiler, it is entirely
new, being built at the boiler shops of the com-
pany, by Mr. J. Kelshaw. There are also new
cylinders, steam-chests, steam-pipes, dry-pipes,
and indeed, nearly all the main parts of the
engine, with the exception of the wheels and a
few other items, are new, so that as she stands
to-day, it is more as a new engine than one
that has been simply rebuilt. One of the
Westinghouse air brakes has been put on, but
the position of the air drum, and the various
pipes leading thereto, tend rather to detract
than otherwise from the looks of the engine,
giving it a clumsy and muddled appearance.
It has been painted throughout in the most
spmbre colors that could possibly have been
thought of, without making it black altogether,
and looks in striking contrast to the gay and
bright looking engines that come out here from
the East. With the exception of the bottom part
of the smokto stack, which., strangely enough,
has been painted a naming red, the engine and
tender is of a dark brown color, relieved at
places by the brown having a greenish tint
given to it.
On the side of the cab is the name of the
engine, G. P. Huntington, put on in gold leaf,
and Mr. Wilson, the painter, has placed some
very pretty designs directly underneath, with
thewords, "Enterprise, 1863," and on the next
panel, "Progress, 1875, ' intending to Bhow the
enterprise and indomitable energy that in 1863,
began to work and fight its way onward, in spite
of all the difficulties that obstructed its path,
and now in this year of 1875, we can mark the
extensive progress that has been-made, and the
great results that have been achieved in so
short a time on this new line of road.
Taken altogether, it is a peculiar looking
thing, blending as it does, in its own being,
some of the crude, ideas that prevailed at the
time it was originally built, and also carrying
with it some of the latest and best improve-
ments that human skill and thought have been
able to suggest in the engineering world. S. C.
New Mode op Mabbling Metal. — A new
process for ornamenting metal surfaces has
been recently invented. It consists in plating,
electro-plating, or otherwise covering a plate,
bar, or ingot of soft metal with a thin film of
harder metal, and then rolling dut or pressing
the ingot into a sheet; whereby the coating is
broken into irregular forms! and a marbleized
appearance produced on the surface of the
sheet.
Worms in the Teeth..
At the last meeting of the San Francisco
Microscopical Society, among other microscop-
ical slides, Mr. G. Mason Kinne presented a
slide which was mounted with what were claimed
to be worms taken from diseased teeth, and in
presenting this slide Mr. Kiune read a short
paper, which explained the matter and is given
in full.
Worms (So Called) in Teeth.
To the student in microscopy, who feels a
just interest in original investigations — original
at least so far as relates to himself — there is
always a field, wide and extended, which waits
his attention, yet oftentimes after careful and
patient study, the application of tests, and
comparison with the obtainable results of
others, he finds what is apparently new to have
been looked into and treated just as carefully
by some plodder before him." To my mind,
the time spent in such cases is never lost, and
the satisfaction found in obtaining definite re-
sults by microscopical analysis is materially en-
larged if found to agree with the deductions of
others unknown at the time.
Whether the slide I present, this evening,
mounted as it is with objects which seemed to
demand more than a cursory examination when
brought before me, will prove to be new or not
remains to be ascertained, and for that purpose
and to give the members of the Society the in-
formation I have obtained that they may, if
needs be, pursue the matter further, I make
these statements.
t A gentleman, well know for his genial quali-
ties as a pioneer, his executive ability as an
underwriter, and his desire for the advance-
ment of science in a general way, suffering
from an intolerable neuralgie toothache, cas-
ually learned of a person who declared, un-
hesitatingly, that the affliction could be re-
moved, when proceeding from diseased teeth,
without the use of the dentist's oruel forceps
and loss of serviceable molars. The printed
advertisement of this philanthropist readB as
follows:
"Toothache Cubed Without Pain — A Pee-
manent Cube in from Seven to Ten Min-
utes ! — I use a steaming process, with a purely
vegetable matter, that oan be eaten without the
least harm. I can convince anyone having the
toothache, by relieving the pain in a few min-
utes, and showing them the worms on the re-
ceiving iron as they drop from the teeth. I
have taken as many as thirteen worms from the
teeth of a single person. I am no doctor, and
do not pretend to cure but this one thing. I
have cured a great many, but never charged
anything up to the present time. No oure, no
pay!"
Suffice it to say, in the spirit of despair a
trial was made, and after allowing the smoke
from a quantity of the medicine! placed on a
heated iron, to enter the mouth by means of
an inverted funnel, some twelve or fifteen
worms (so-called) were found attached to the
inner side of the funnel, and handed to me for
investigation, which resulted as follows:
The objects, which certainly appear- to the
casual observer mnch like round, white worms,
average one-fourth of an inoh in length and
one-thirtieth in diameter, with a tough integu-
ment quite regularly striated longitudinally.
Its substance is of a waxy consistency and
somewhat moist. Treating the "worms" with
heat, water, ether, liquor pottassra, acetic,
nitric and sulphuric aoid, benzine and "Mil-
lon.'s test," brought out various results. The
cell structure was plainly shown in several in-
stances, and I exhibit herewith drawings from
the microscope, of the same.
Without entering into details, the invariable
result of each of the tests made was conclusive,
and I feel certain that there is no animal mat-
ter in the "worms," but that the objeetsarea
peculiar formation arising from the substance
used for the cure, which is the secret of the
owner and jealously guarded.
There can hardly be a doubt but that the
object is entirely of vegetable origin, and from
the shape and reticulation of the cells cannot
be of fungoid growth, and never had anything
to do with diseased teeth. Whether this fact
will detract from the permanent result in those
cases where the pain has been allayed by the
smoke or steam from the substance, remains
to be seen.
The objeot and drawings of its cell structure
were observed with interest, which was much
enhanced by a verbal statement from Dr.
Harkness, who fully confirmed the deductions
of Mr. Kinne, and stated that some years ago
he had studied the phenomena, arrived at the
same conclusions, and having an' opportunity
to oarry the investigation still further, ascer-
tained that the remedy used was onion seed
mixed with butter, which.on the application of
heat, caused the germ to separate from its in-
vestment and lodge against the damp sides of
the funnel; and further stated one essential
point to be that the patient should be con-
vinced that there were worms in the teeth, so
that success depends upon the credulity of the
subject of the experiment.
Cubious Effect of Cold. — A curious effect
of oold is related to have occurred in Meadville,
Pa., recently. A strong bottle bad been filled
with water, and a cork placed in the nozzle.
During the night the water froze solid, and the
expansion pushed the cork'from its place and
formed a column of ice above the top of the
bottle three inches in length and half an inoh
in diameter, the cork still remaining on the
top of the shaft of ice.
A Home For All.
Every living thing should have a home.
"Foxes have holes," and all burrowing animals
exoavate domicils suited to their need; why
should man, of all other animals, negleot to
provide a home for himself and family — or
allow himself to depend upon his neighbor for
such a necessity? Endowed to the highest de-
gree with the faculty of Minhabitivaness, " why
should he either choose or be oompelled to cur-
tail his natural desire for the luxury or rather
necessity of a home? It should be one of the
first duties of every man to procure for himself
•either a temporary or permanent home— one
that he should be able to call his home, and
from which no power or circumstances should
be permitted to drive him, save important pub
lie necessity, or fire, or flood. Especially
should this be . the oase with every married
pair. A home of his own fixes a man as few
other things can, and takes away both the
necessity and desire for the too prevalent
necessity. of "moving," a ruinously [costly
practice, and one which is alike destructive of
prosperity or pleasure to both parents and chil-
dren.
The lack of ability to provide a costly or ele-
gant home should be no excuse for a total
neglect of the duty under consideration. An
extremely humble home in proprietorship is
far more honorable and praiseworthy than a more
costly and showy one th'e possession of which
depends upon the caprice of a landlord At the
same time no man should be content to Jive in
an old rookery who is able to provide his family
with a comely and convenient home.
Many who own homes are quite too indiffer-
ent to give their domicile that care and atten-
tion which is necessary to ensure a proper
degree of comfort and love for the homestead.
Children should be taught to love and feel an
honest pride in their homes. Inducements
should be held out which will naturally lead to
such a result. Ornament your homes, as yon,
may be able to do from time to time. A few
shade and ornamental trees, a little flower-
garden, a tidy fence around the homestead,
cost but little and add wonderfully to the love,
which will be begotten in a son or daughter for.
their home.
As a general thing it is difficult to plaoo
money where it will insure more pleasure or
profit than when invested in a home. Better
spend money in building and improving a
home than for thousands of things of which we-
soon tire or finally throw away as worthless.
What Constitutes a Perfect Home.
That which combines the most instrumental-
ities for comfort and domestic enjoyment, is
the thing that should be most sought for in a
home. That is the first and most rational end
in a dwelling. In order to secure a reasonable
degree of comfort the sanitary conditions of
both house and locality should be taken into
consideration. The house should be so placed
as to secure for its rooms a proper ' amount of
sunshine — modified, of course, aocording to
climate. In the hot valleys shade is more desi-
rable than on the sea coast. Too much sun can
soarcely be thrown into a bouse in San Fran-
cisco.
Ventilation is another important matter
which should be taken into consideration. Of
this there should be a perfeot control, in a
manner to avoid drafts direotly upon the in.
mates. Every human being requires a copious
and constant supply of pure, fresh air; to1
ensure good or even passable health. The
kitchen conveniences should form a prime'
consideration in every .dwelling, Much de"
pends on the arrangements for wood and water,
and for sink, cooking and closet room, as re-
gards the ease and facility with which the work'
in the family may be done. Practical house-
keepers know that it takes nearly twice the
labor to do up a given amount of work in some
houses than it does in others. Who oan tell'
the amount of fretfulness, ill-temper, to say
nothing of unnecessary exhaustion and sidk*:
nose which an unhandy house occasions?
In Building much depends Upon the seleotion
of the best spot for building. The same money
will often build a good house on one spot'
which will be required to*" build a very indiffer-i
ent one in another. But be your ohoice what
it may, the house and site should be adapted to
each other, and to the wants of the family. Ann
elevated site best secures a fresh, dry atmos-
phere and general health. A valley or low
place is much more generally subjected to that
unhealthy influences of fogs, miasmas, eteri
Good water is always one of the first essentials.
If you- propose to put up anything like an
expensive house, an arohitect should be con-
sulted by all means. Such an expense may
perhaps be avoided when a mere cheap, tenvi
porary house is to be provided, until financial'
possibilities will enable you to da better by
adding on or tearing down. We propose to
notice this subject further in a future number
in which the architectural considerations will
be more fully disoussed.
At the Miner's Foundry they are making
six drills for the Diamond drill company in
this city. They are also making two steam
engines for service at the Comstoek mines.
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May i, 1875.3
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
288
iCientific Progress.
Condensation of Air on the Surface of
Platinum.
After taking the weight of a clean platidum
vessel, then wiping it thoroughly with a dry
rag or soft paper and replacing it on the pan
of the balance, it will be found to have lost
weight; if of the ordinary size used in quanti-
tative analysis, it will be found to have lost two
milligrammes or more. If allowed to remain
on the bulance for fifteen or twenty minutes, it
will be found to have recovered its weight.
This change has usually been attributed to
moieture; bnt it has recently been clearly estab-
lished that such is not the case. The following
is the result of some accurate experiments:
A new flat-bottomed capsule, four centime-
tres in diameter and two centimetres deep,
having about fifty centimetres square of sur-
face inside and outside, was first thoroughly
cleaned by boiliug in a solution of caustic soda.
After thorough washing in distilled water it
was heated to redness, allowed to cool, and in
one hour weighed. It was now taken from the
bulance and wiped with clean filter-paper, ta-
king care to touch, as far as possible, all
parts of the surface, without using any violent
friction. After being submitted to this opera-
tion it was replaced on the balance, and ^it was
ascertained to have lost two milligrammes, and
after being allowed to remain for twenty min-
utes its original weight was restored.
The vessel was, now transferred to a drying
receiver over sulphuric acid, and allowed to
remain six hours; placed on the balance it
weighed exactly what it did when placed in the
drying reoeiver. It was now wiped as before,
and on being replaced on the balance had lost
two milligrammes, which it recovered, as be-
fore, in fifteen or twenty minutes. ,
The vessel was now transferred to a receiyer
in which the air was saturated with moisture
from wet paper, placed on the glass Bupport.
After six hours the capsule was placed in the
oalance, when it was found to weigh just the
same as it did when it was introduced into the
moist atmosphere. A dry atmosphere or a
moist atmosphere was then shown to 'have no
effect in producing this temporary loss of
weight in the capsule.
From these experiments it shows very clearly
that there is air condensed on the surface of
platinum that a little rubbing will remove; but
it will soon return to the platinum after this
treatment. The importance of this fact will be
manifest to the analytical chemist, and make
him cautious about taking the tare of his pla-
tinum vessels too soon after wiping them.
Poplar Tre£s as Lightning Conductors. —
Who has not heard of the perils which environ
people who live near rows of tall Lombardy
poplar trees, such as were formerly so common
in many places in New England and which are
still cherished for their beautiful stateliness in
some parts of Europe. Their great hight and
tapering form seems to fit them especially as a
medium for conducting the electric flufd earth-
ward. The danger arises from .the tendency
manifested by the fluid to glance off before en-
tering the ground, and commit sad havoc in and
about the adjacent dwellings. To avoid the
necessity of sacrificing these ornamental trees
to the well grotfnded fears of their owners, M.
Colladan, of Geneva, has published an essay on
the subject of turning them into properly con-
stituted lightning conductors by inserting in
the lower part- of the trunk a metallic rod,
which he connects with the earth by a chain,
bo that the fluid can not leave the tree to dart
at any object placed within a short distance,
as at present so often happens.
Curious Action of ElectricIty on Iron. —
We made brief reference some months since to
the remarkable phenomena first observed by
Prof. Gore, a distinguished European electri-
cian, which consists in the very perceptible
twiBting of a bar of iron by the joint effects of
currents of electricity, passing longitudinally
through and also around such a bar by means of
the*insulated wire of an enveloping helix.
Subsequent experiments have shown that such
twisting may be made to reach full one-quarter
of a revolution. It has also iDeen ascertained
that both currents are necessary to the devel-
opment of the phenomena. Either current,
when applied separately, simply produces the
ordinary effect of magnetizing the bar. The
direction of the twist is definitely related to the
direction of the current in the helix. In order
to produce the fullest effect the currents must
be simultaneous. When they are successive a
perceptible twist results in a lesser degree.
The Flight of Birds.— Birds have a more or
less instinctive knowledge of engineering.
When a bird commences its flight, if there is
any wind, unless forced to take wing too sud-
denly, it will generally lean toward the wind at
the start. The reason for such action is obvi-
ous. In order to readily ascend, each stroke
of the wing must come in contact with a fresh
volume ol air, which could not be the case
unless the bird either made a progressive move-
ment or the air itself was wafted past the bird,
as in a wind current. The downward impulse
of successive strokes would be greatly impaired
in their efficiency by beating largely upon air
which comes in to fill the space from which the
air has been removed by the preceding stroke.
Hence, the onward movement of a bird plays
an important part in the efficiency of the
action of the wings.
Important Researches on Explosive Sub-
stances.
Recent experiments have shown that two dif-
ferent kinds of explosion can be prodaced in
all explosive substances. The first is deflagra-
tion, the second is detonation. The deflagration
of dynamite (giant powder) is quite harmless';
while its detonation, as produced by fulminate
of mercury, develops an explosive force four or
five times that of ordinary gunpowder. Gun-
powder is no exception to this rule. When its
deflagrating power, (ordinary discharge by a
fuse) is represented by 1, its detonating power,
when properly fired bv fulminate of mercury,
is 4.34.
Roux and Sarran have recently been making
some careful experiments in this direction,
which are reported in Ocmptes Rendus as fol-
lows: The reciprocal of the weight (due cor-
rections made) of each substance, which when
exploded in one and the other manner sufficed
to rend similar cast iron shells, gave the rela-
tive explosive forces. Some results of the ex-
periments are given in the following table, the
explosive force of gunpowder ignited in the or-
dinary manner being taken for unity:
NAME OF SUBSTANCE. EXPLOSIVE FOBCE.
2nd Order, Jut Order.
Mercury fulminate 9.28
Gunpowder...) * 1.00 4.34
Niiro-glycerlne 4.80 10.13
Gun Cotton 3.00/. ti.46
Picric Acid 2.q£ 5.50
Potassium plcrate 1.91 6.31
Barium picrate '. ...:...:.. 1.71 5.50
Strontium plcrate 1.35 4 61
Lead picrate J , 1,65 6.94
Of the highest practical importance is the
discovery of the detonative explosion of gun-
powder induced by the detonation of nitro-
glycerine (itself set off by the fulminate of
mercury) : for the force of the explosion is more
that fourfold greater than that obtained by
igniting gunpowder in the ordinary manner.
(The increased force of gunpowder and gun
cotton, when exploded by the agency of deton-
ation, was fully demonstrated by Abel six
years ago). The authors observe that the mass
of the substance employed for exciting deton-
ation must usually bear a certain proportion
to that of the substance to be exploded, but in
some cases the action is propagated throughout
the latter when once up at any given point.
A Ready Method of Showing the Absoep-
tion of Hydrogen by Palladium. — In the
beautiful and important investigations of Gra-
ham ufion the absorption of hydrogen by palla-
dium, he describes a very pretty method of ma-
king this absorption very apparent to the eye,
viz., to take a Btrip of thin palladium, place
wax or other non-conducting and pliable sub-
stance on one surface of the Btrip, and then at-
tach it to the proper pole of a galvanic battery,
and plnng it into water acidulated with sulphu-
ric acid, when the hydrogen that is evolved at
that pole, instead of escaping as gas, is absorb-
ed by the palladium, which now bends and coils
up on itself in virtue of the expansion of the
exposed side.
This same result I have been in the habit of
exhibiting in my laboratory, with a small piece
of very thin palladium about one and a half
centimetres wide, and eight centimetres
long. Light a small sized Bunsen burner,
hold the piece of palladium in the
upper part of the flame; it will get red hot, but
remain in the same form as when introduced
in the flame. Lower it now into the flame, un-
til the unburnt gas from the center of the flame
strikes the bottom of the metal*, when it will
immediately coil upwards, and can be made to
double on itself, Carry it back to the upper
part of the flame, and it will straighten itself
again. There are some inteiesting chemical
questions connected with this experiment that
are worth working out, and at some leisure
moment I will look into them; as for instance,
the absorption of gas at the high temperature,
and as to whether or not simple hydrogen is
absorbed, the palladium thereby decomposing
the hydro-carbon, etc.
Musio Fbom Noise. — A curious iustrument
has been exhibited before the Aoademy of
Sciences, which is called by its inventor an
"analyzing cornet." What we describe as
noise is of course made up of an infinite num-
ber of musical notes, and these the cornet is
designed to analyze just as a prism separatesa
ray of white light into its colored components.
In appearance, the instrument is described as
resembling a trumpet, having a nozzle to fit to
the ear instead o.f a mouth pieoe, and. furnished
with holes, like a clarionet. Provided with
one of these instruments, it is said that the
roaring of a cataraot or the howliDg of a tem-
pest may be resolved by the listener, skilled in
the necessary fingering, into the softest melody,
which is heard, however, by himself only.
The chromo-lithographic process is described
as follows: In place of using a special stone for
each color, necessitating as many separate im-
pressions as there are colors, the entire subject
is drawn upon a single stone, and a proof is
taken on a thin sheet of copper. This sheet is
then cut out carefully according to the desired
contour of the colors, and upon each of the
portions is fixed a solid block of color, pre-
viously prepared. The whole is combined
into one form, and is printed on an ordinary
lithographic press, all the colors at once, the
moisture of the sheet being sufficient to take
off and hold the colors as the sheet goes
through the press.
ECHANICAL
Progress
Railway Platforms— a Crying Evil.
Among the innumerable plans ever being pro
pounded and patented for saving the lives and
limbs of railway passengers, says a New York
journal, it is strange that one which re-
quires no patenting should be lost sight of.
We allude to the remodelling and levelling up
of platforms at railway Btatious. Inquiries
into the caustB of the numerous railway acci-
dents of last year have elicted the fact that
many of them were, directly or indirectly, due
to the unpunctuality of trains" How essential,
then, to adopt nil measures likely to promote
good time-keeping! The varying hight of rail-
way platforms is a deadly enemy to punctuality.
How are travelers— unless previously trained
as aorobats and "gymnasts" — hurriedly to
climb up to or get out of carriages, the floors
of which are sometimes three feet, or three feet
six inches above the platforms? Yet these
facts have to be attempted by passengers of
both sexes on many lines of railway, and es-
pecially during the excursion season. Muscu-
lar young men may succeed in the operation,
but the old and the halt, as well as the very
young, and ladies who have regard to decency,
find it impossible of accomplishment. They
must be helped in or helped out, or carried too
far, or left behind, or, worse than all, meet
with an "accident." Delay to the train is, at
any rate, inevitable, and delay is the parent of
unpunctuality and disaster. When four hun-
dred or five hundred persons have to enter a
train almost simultaneously, as frequently hap-
pens during the summer months, why should
they be compelled to run the risk of breaking
their arms, legs or necks? Common sense
would suggest that every possible facility
should be given for ingress to and egress from
the carriages. In place of this, it seems to
have occurred to the constructors of railway
stations in general, that their best plan was to
create stumbling-blocks, so as to make both
processes as difficult and perilous as possible.
The "rule of thumb, " now generally denounced
by .scientific men is the only rule which has pre-
vailed in the formation of platforms at railway
stations. Scarcely two of them correspond in
hight on any single line of railway. Some are
high, others are low, and others are medium.
Very few indeed are what they ought to be,
namely, level with the floors of carriages; It
should be made as easy to enter or leave one of
the latter as to step from the parlor to the
hall or passage of a dwelling house.
[The evil complained of above is as serious
in this vicinity as it is in New York, and hence
the above is equally as applicable here as
there. — Eds. Peess.]
A Valuable Invention. — Monsieur C.
Jeanne, late an officer of the French Navy, is
the inventor of a self-acting apparatus intended
to show and register the speed of a ship, the
number of miles made good, and the actual
courses steered. It is to the last point the in-
ventor more particularly invites attention. At-
tempts have been previously made, with more
or less success, for the self-registering of speed,
etc., but the automatic registration of a ship's
course is something entirely new. The helms-
man cannot vary a quarter of a point without
its being shown. This part of the apparatus
can be disconnected from the others and used
alone, and from the practical experience of the
inventor there is good reason for believing in
the practicability of his invention. In the case
of collisions, although the apparatus cannot,
of course, prevent them, it would truthfully
register the course steered by each ship, which
is now one of the most debatable points with
which official assessors have to deal, for this
invention claims to give truthful evidence, and
would thus far materially assist a correct de-
cision being arrived at as to which vessel was
right and which wrong, thus preventing mari-
time insurance companies from being uninten-
tionally defrauded. This is a matter well
worth the attention and consideration of under-
writers, for with suoh a truthful "telltale" on
board the wrong people could not well be called
upon to pay.
An Impeovkment fob Laying Down Stbeet
Rails.— The President of the Third Avenue
Railway Co., of New York, writes as follows to
the Scientific American;
One of the greatest needs of street railroads
is some simple and economical invention to
keep the rails, where they meet, in a level con-
dition; or, in other words, to prevent the end
of the forward rail from sinking below the end
of the near rail. The device at present used is
an iron plate placed under the junction of the
two rails; but this do. -a not entirely prevent
the evil. I invite the attention of incentive
minds to this subject. .
Fire-Proof Pillars.
The introduction of iron columns is now the
leading characteristic of modern ordinary con-
struction. Hardly a store-front is erected but
we see a fen slender pillars supporting an im-
mense superstructure of stone or brick. Th«
columns are all that can be desired under or-
dinary circumstances. They are strong and
they do not occupy mnch space. Their great
drawback is in case of fire. A column that will
support a certain given weight when cold will,
when heated far below the meltiug point, give
way under a fractional part of the weight, or if
when heated it is played upon by a 6tream of
cold water it will fly to pieces and down comes
the superstructure, crushing in its fall the con-
tent* of the building and perhaps also, sundry
luckless firemen. We see in an Eastern paper
that a patent has been secured by the Rev.
Geo. Bruce, of Aurora, N. Y., for an iron col-
umn in which these defects are to a great ex-
tent removed. It is described as follows :
The invention is a simple one, and consists
in applying the principle of the fire-proof safe
to an iron column. As in the case of the com-
mon iron pillar, a solid enst-iron column sus-
tains the whole weight of the superstructure,
but outside of this solid column is a thin cast-
iron shell, and the space intervening between
the outer shell' and the inner column is filled
with plaster of Paris, the non-conducting
properties of which are well known. No weight
is allowed to rest on the outer shell or the non-
conductor that is used as filling, their only
mission being to protect from the effects of heat
the real support of the building, the inner
column. These columns will be surmounted
by an iron T girder, which is enclosed in a fire-
proof casting of a similar nature, and the junc-
tion between the pillar and the girder is so
formed that only the protected portion of the
one touches the protected portion of the
other, while the casing forms a tight joint,
making the fire-proof armor complete. These
columns are intended to take the place of the
ordinary iron columns in ornamental fronts of
buildings, as well as the interior of large ware-
houses where such supports are needed.
What is Steel ?
Mr. Ralph Crooker, of Boston, and well
known throughout the New England States as
a rolling milt man, asks and answers the above
question very concisely as follows:
"Steel. — A combination or an alloy of iron,
that will forge, harden and temper."
There are various kinds of steel — such as
carbon cast steel, tungsten cast steel, chrome
cast steel, cyanogen oast steel and titanium
cast steel; and several other metals have been
alloyed with iron to make steel.
. There is also blistered steel, which, is made
from malleable bar iron, by a process called
cementation; German steel, which is made di-
rectly from the ore, and sometimes from pig
iron, in the Catalan forge; and steel whioh is
made by other processes.
The line between cast iron and steelis— v. hen
it is capable of being forged it is Steel; and
when it will not forge, it is cast iron. And
the line between malleable iron and steel is —
when it will h irden and temper, it is steel; and
when it will not harden and temper, it is mal-
leable iron.
Cast steel will harden Blightly when it con-
tains from 0.25 per cent to 0.30percent. of
oarbon, and ceases to be capable of forging if
it contains much more than 1.75 per cent, of
carbon.
Bbittle Wiee. — Some statements of Dr.
Van d.r Weyde, in the Manufacturer and Builder,
will be found of interest in connection with the
use of telegraph wire, which it seems is not
always what it should be. He tells us that the
wire in ubb by the New York city police and
fire alarm telegraph consists of steel and cop-
per, was erected by contract, and cost the city
at the exorbitant rate of $1,360 per mile. The
Western Union telegraph company uses an or-
dinary galvanized wire that cost it scarcely $50
per mile. The heavy snow storm of December
20 last broke the city wires in every direction,
and in such a way that they were an utter
wreck, and the telegraph services of the Police
and Fire departments wore totally suspended
until repairs were accomplished. At the same
time the wires of the Western Union suffered
little or no damage. In other words, the city
was swindled with worthless telegraph wire at
a cost twenty-six times greater, than that by
whioh a private corporation furnished itself
with a serviceable article.
Bendlno Heavy Ibon. — It is now possible by
the aid of hydraulic machinery to bend iron
shafts of twelve inches in diameter to any re-
quired shape. Incredible as this statement
may seem to an expert, crank shafts are now
so made,instead of by the slow, laborious and ex-
pensive method of forging. The bent shafts
are also said to be much better than forged
-ones, from the fact that the fibor'of the metal
runs in one direction continuously, whereas in
forged ones it is often across the line of strain.
Ibon Fobnittjbe, made of hollow iron, has
recently been introduced into Germany. A
large factory devoted to this class of manufac-
ture has recently been established there. Rib-
bon iron, of the best quality, is taken and con-
verted into tubing in pieces of about eight
metres long, which can be bent cold into any
form suitable for the making of bedsteads,
chairs, 1 tables, etc. Hollow iron is stronger
than solid iron, suoh as that usually employed
heretofore, and possesses this special advnnt-
age, that rivets hold better, and that it does
not itself break so easily, as is frequently the
case in solid iron, which gives way where there
is a flaw.
Ketjpp Outdone. — Quite a sensation has been
produced in military circles in Vienna recently
by some brilliant trials of new Austrian guns
in steel and bronze. They proved superior to
Krupp's oast steel guns,
284
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May i, 187 s
IINING NUMMARY.
The following ia mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in theinterior.in proximity to the mines mentioned
California.
AMADOR.
Hydbaulic Mining, — Amador Ledger, April
24: A tew days ago we paid a visit to the St.
Mary's gravel claims, to observe the working
of the Little Giant, now in operation, and from
our observations made upon the ground, the
immense power of 500 inches of water and 240
ft pressure, the vast quantity of earth, gravel
and stone carried off in a given space of time,
we came to the conclusion that we saw for the
first time hydraulic mining in the county. Al-
though the Giant stood at least 100 feet from
the bank of gravel, yet the volume of water
passing through the nozzle would strike the
bank with astonishing force, hurling over and
over boulders that it would require a stout man
to move. In playing upon the bank for a few
minutes, immense slides of earth and gravel
would occur, which in an incredible short
time would be passing through the sluices.
We had no means of accurately ascertaining
the number of tons removed in a given space
of time, but we thiokwe are within the bounds
of reason when we say, 500 inches of water
through the Little Giant, will remove in 12
hours more dirt, gravel and boulders, than
could be picked down, shoveled up, and re-
moved by a thousand men in the same length
of time. The St. Mary's claims arenowinfine
condition, and present a very flattering appear-
ance, and will undoubtedly prove valuable
property.
CALAVERAS.
Pboqbessing. — Calaveras Chronicle, April 24:
Work upon the quartz ledges recently discov-
ered at Mosquito is progressing favorably, and
the town wears a livelier appearance than it has
before for years. Rich rock is being taken out
and prospects for the development of paying
mines are good. Labor upon a number of
older claims in that vicinity is also being well
remunerated.
Red Hill. — Work is being pushed steadily
ahead in the hydraulic claim on Red hill , near
the Buckeye. The claim is not yet sufficiently
opened to work to advantage, but it is being
got in shape as rapidly as circumstances will
permit.
Happy Valley. — Things are running smooth-
ly in Emerson's hydraulic claim in Happy
Valley. New ground that prospects well has
been reached, and piping goes on without in-
terruption. It has been a long, tedious job to
open the claim, but the mine will last for years
and amply remunerate the owner for his labor
and outlay.
CONTRA COSTA.
Coal. — Antioch Ledger, April 24 : Richa10"
Mills, of Somersville, has discovered a vein °f
coal on Corcoran'B ranch, south of town, di8"
taut six miles. It is reported to be a two-' fc
vein, and preparations are being made to work
the same tbe present summer.
West Point District. — Chick & Co. just
cleaned up a large quantity of ore, at the rate
of S58. 60 per ton. The large overshot wheel
and hoisting works of the Josephine are nearly
ready for aotion. The Champion main shaft
is now about 140 it in depth; ore as rich as
ever. The whistle of the Anderson Flat mine
has resumed its familiar scream. It is sail
that a new Superintendent will take charge of
the mine, and that it has changed owners. The
Good Faith tunnel is driven ahead steadily.
The tunnel will not alone drain five veins,
which yielded well in early times, but will also
give the owners about fifty vertical ft of backs
on each vein. A number of teams are em-
ployed hauling ore from Mentzel & Co.'s mine
to the custom mills. Contractors are sinking
on the old "Cheeno," owned b'y F. Novella &
Co., of San Francisco. A large and rich body
of decomposed ore has recently been discov-
ered near the Soap Boot gulch.
FRESNO.
The New Discovery. — Mariposa Gazette,
April 24: The accounts received from the mine
recently discovered on the Fresno, corroborate.
fully the statement of the richness of the mine
first published. The vein is about 35 feet in
thickness; the extremely rich streak is from six
inches to two feet wide, and pays from $400
to $800 dollars per ton, while the remainder of
the entire vein will pay from $40 to $50 per
ton at the point where the work has been and
is now being carried on. We would hesitate to
give publicity to such a statement as the fore-
going were it not that we have been so frequently
assured that it is no exaggeration. The rock
is of a blue, flinty character, such as miners
say rarely contains gold. The parties are now
down about 30 feet, and the rock is richer at
the bottom than any other part of the vein yet
uncovered.
INYO
Another Enterprise. — Panamtnt " News,
April 22: To-day we made a visit to the new
trick-yard just commenced by the company,
where we found a large number of men actively
engaged in moulding brick, putting up ma-
chines, preparing the yard, building roads and
grading for'a kiln. There are now thirty-six
men employed, giving a lively business aspect
to that portion of the town. The yard is un-
der the supervision of C. B. Bicker, foreman,
who informed us that the work of moulding
was commenced yesterday, when over 4,000
brick were turned out. Three mud-mixing
machines, run by horse-power, are already in
position, and a fourth will be added to-day.
The material, found right at hand, is a clay
loam, and from all appearances will make a
very good article of burnt brick. The water is
led in pipes to each machine, doing away with
the labor usually experienced of either pump-
ing or hauling it. When everything is in read-
iness— which will require but a day or two
more — Mr. Bicker thinks they will be able to
turn out fifteen thousand molded bricks a day.
This kiln will contain one hundred thousand.
Another will be started as soon as the first is
finished. Wood for burning is found on the
hill just above the yard, only requiring little
labor to throw it down. The brick now being
manufactured are to be used in building a huge
stack for the company's mill, in setting the
four large boilers, and for the Stetefeldt fur-
nace. Some two hundred thousand will be re-
quired.
The Jessie May. — The Panamint mining
company are pushing the work on their mines
vigorously. The tunnel is progressing rapidly,
making four feet per day, and the shaft on the
lead is down fifty ft, and the vein steadily in-
creases in width and richness. Superintendent
Dolan is1 about to Bhip ten tons of ore to San
Francisco to test its value by milling process.
As an evidence of the confidence felt in tbe
mines of this district, Superintendent Dolan
has purchased for his oompany another one,
called the Vanderbilt, which is situated near
the noted Jessie May. This is believed to be a
very valuable mine, the parties from whom Mr.
Dolan purchased having refused an offer of
$7,000 from Senator Stewart some months
since. The Panamint Consolidated company
are now in possession of six mines, all showing
well.
Darwin District Items. — Cor. Inyo Inde*
pendent, April 24: The miners feel sanguine
that they have located in the best smelting dis-
trict on the coast, and say they defy any camp
to show as much ore on the dumps, for the
amount of work done, as is to be seen here in
Coso district. The mines are showing up well,
and on every dump may be seen a large pile of '
first-class ore. It does seem strange that some
one does not put up a custom ' furnace, I am
certain he could get more ore than he could
possibly smelt, and at a reasonable figure. As
for the facilities for working, they are better
than any other smelting district I have ever
seen — and that is every one of note on the
coast. Plenty of wood but -ten miles off, and
down grade the entire distance to haul it. As
for water, Mr. Beaudry told me yesterday that
he could furnish 150,000 gallons any time there
iB a demand for that quantity. And, in this
connection, let me say that his first load of
pipe arrived last night. Laying it will begin
immediately . He has the ditch for it completed
to within plowing distance of town, and can
finish it in two days.
KERN.
Our Mill. — Kern County Courier, April 24:
We saw a statement a few weeks ago that a
70 stamp mill, the largest and finest in the
State, was to be erected on the Consolidated
Virginia. This couDty claims the largest and
finest mill in the State. That on tbe Big Blue
at Kernville has 80 stamps, and that of the
Consolidated Virginia cannot by any possibil-
ity be better constructed or finished.
NAPA.
Copper Op.e. — St. Helena Star, April 22:
Ten tons of copper ore were shipped last week
by Friedberg & Co., from their mine near the
mountain mill house. The ore averages 25 per
cent. Messrs. Parks & Michel, near the same
place, have a well defined lode of the same
metal, south and joining the Friedberg mine;
they will commence taking out ore as soon as
they can finish their tunnel, which they are
running to tap the lode 70 ft lower than the
bottom of the shaft now sunk; their ore is high
grade black oxide, running from 25 to 40 per
cent, copper, and from $3.50 to $15.00
gold. A Middletown company have struck the
same metal two miles northwest from them,
on the same range. As yet they have not de-
veloped enough to say what they may have.
NEVADA-
NEW York Hill. — Grass Valley Union, April
24: Splendid ore has been struck in the New
York hill tunnel, at a distance of 900 ft from
the mouth of the tunnel. The ledge there is
two ft thick and shows gold and heavy sulphu-
rets. Superintendent Snyder is proud of his
success and he is right.
Howard Hill Mine. — This mine is being
worked under the superintendence of Captain
John White. The work of pumping out and
repairing the old works is progressing favora-
bly. A ten inch pump is now at work, and
about 300 gallons of water every minute are
thrown to tbe surface. An additional pump
will be in place at work to-morrow, and then
430 gallons a minute will 'be pumped out. A
good looking ledge, parallel to the original
Howard hill ledge, has been discovered on the
company's ground and several rich specimens
from it have been sent to San Francisco. How-
ard hill is about to be a good mine.
Wor.k at New York Hill. — Foothill Tidings,
April 24: Iu company with our friend J. D.
Meek, we visited this mine on Thursday, and
found superintendent Snyder driving things
along as fast as possible. At the new hoisting
works all is life and bustle. The new incline
shaft is nearly completed to the tunnel or adit
level — will probably connect this week — and is
a fine piece of work. It has two car tracks and
a pump and foot way. The quartz shows free
gold quite frequently and the crushings they
have had proclaim unmistakably the presence
of the precious metal; the last 500 loads worked
out a round $45,000, or over $77 per ton. At
present the force is working at a great disad-
vantage, but in the course of two or three weeks
the machinery will be running, the heavy hand
work will be over, and Old New York Hill will
resume its ancient position of one of the
heavy bullion producing mines of Grass Val-
ley.
PLACER.
Mining. — Placer Herald, April 24: The
Auburn gravel mining and ditch -company, we
understand, is driving things ahead rapidly.
On the new ditch, which is taken out of Bear
river ditch, above Clipper gap, to carry water
to the claim, there are ?about 125 Chinamen at
work. This ditch is to be three and one-fourth
miles in length, beginning as above mentioned
and running to top of hill back of Watson's
ranch. From this point to the claim, a dis-
tance of about two miles, the water will be run
through iron pipe 22 inches in diameter. Tbis
pipe is to be laid under ground, the ditch for
which is also being dug by Chinamen. For
fluming on the line of the ditch and fitting up
the claim the company, we understand, will
use about 100,000 feet of lumber, for furnish-
ing which G. Van Geison, of the. Sugar Pine
mill, has the contract. The contract for cut-
ting the bed-rock tunnel on the line of the new
ditch is let to members of the company, and
T. H. Gordon, we are informed, l^as the con-
tract for placing the pipe on the ground. It
will thus be seen that work on all parts is now,
or very soon will be commenced; and almost
without a doubt the entire, work will be com-
pleted and the mine opened ready for opera-
tion within the prescribed time; viz., July 1st,
la75.
PLUMAS.
Providence Hill. — Plumas National, April
24: Rush creek has been one of the richest
streams ever discovered in Plumas county, and
the Providence hill company are making good
its high reputation. They took out $50,000 for
their run last season, and the pipes are run-
ning on equally good ground this year, but
water is short'and will not last for a long sea-
son's run. Mr. J. T. Serrin is supeiintendent.
We are told that this company have more
ground than they can work for years to come.
SAN BENITO-
Cinnabar. — Watsonville Pajaronian, April
22: T. Beck, J. A. Blackburn, N. Short, Mr.
English and Mr. Hunt, have lately made dis-
covery of a valuable quicksilver mine in the
Stayton mining district, San Benito county.
Work already done there indicates a large
body of ore, and imperfect assays of tbe top
rock show 25 per cent, quicksilver. The Gray
Eagle quicksilver mine looks now like a very
good thing.
The Comstock quicksilver mining company,
which was mentioned a short time since, seems
to be progressing rapidly. We notice in front
of Griffin's store four flasks of quicksilver, or
about 300 pounds of metal, lately retorted at
their mine. A larger force of workmen is soon
to be set at work.
SONOMA.
Local Items. — Russian River Flag, April 22:
The following quicksilver shipments were
made from Calistoga last week: California
Borax company, 282 flasks; Great Western,
95 flasks; Kearsarge, 5 flasks.
The Oakland mine, on the Hogsback, is do-
ing well with its retorts; 100 flasks of quick-
silver were shipped from there through Healds-
burg within the past week.
The Jtft.^Jackson furnace, after having had
its condensing capacity trebled, was fired up
last Friday and is working satisfactorily, with-
out losing any metal. The yield of quicksilver
is now from one to one and a half flasks a
day.
The Great Eastern is turning out excellent
ore in large quantities.
SIERRA.
Quartz. — Mountain Messenger, April 24: The
owners of the Johnson ledge (we don't know
its other name) near Bock creek, are now
working five men, pushing ahead their lower
tunnel. There are good indications that they
will not have much further to go. The rock
is rich, as demonstrated in theworkings above.
Bunker Hill. — We understand that the
Bunker Hill mining company, near Little
Grizzly, have found exceedingly good pay in
their diggings. Within a space of two sets of
timbers they are reported to have taken out
thirty ounces, not long since. ■
Rocky Point. — Mr. Picket, superintendent
of the Rocky Point quartz mine, arrived
here on Sunday afternoon, and at seven o'clock
Monday morning had a gang of men at work
in his tunnel. When he left last fall r.e had
just reached the ledge. He will put the tunnel
through the ledge as rapidly as possible and
will thoroughly develop the mine, of the value
of which there now remains no doubt.
Work. — The Oro mining company will im-
mediately put a force at work in their mine to
develop it more fully by following the ledge
into the bill. They have about one hundred
feet of quartz above where the ledge was tapped,
and from the pitch of the ledge on the surface
this will increase rapidly aa they go back.
Bids for constructing a mill and machinery
will be opened Saturday, 24th.
TRINITYs
From Cinnarar. — Trinity Journal, April 24:
A friend writes us under date of April 18th, as
follows: "Most of the parties here are doing
nothing toward prospecting their claims, but
, Micawber like are waiting for something to
turn up. There is nothing new or excitfng
here. H. C. Wilt is still getting good prospects
in his claim. Worland & Butler got in the first
load for their furnace yesterday, which I un-
derstand they intend to erect immediately.
Lytle & Hawkett are running their retorts,
smelting selected ore, and are making two hun-
dred pounds of quicksilver a day; they say
they will make five hundred pounds a day as
soon as they start in on concentrated ore."
Mr. J. A. Lytle was in town this week and
informed us that his firm would commence re-
torting concentrated ore to-day, and expect
henceforth to make from 100 to 150 flasks of
quicksilver per month. They have completed
three and a half miles of ditch, from Crow creek
to their mines, and have their concentrating
works running satisfactorily. Mr. Lytle thinks
quicksilver can be produced cheaper in this
county than elsewhere, owing to the richness
of the ore and the facilities for mining, concen-
trating and reducing.
TUOLUMNE-
A Public Benefit. — Tuolumne Independent,
April 24: The Tuolumne hydraulic mining
company contemplate making extensive repairs
of their Hydraulic Ditch in time for next -sea-
son's water, and work will be commenced with-
out delay. They will start in at the north fork
of the Tuolumne river, follow the old line of
ditch and convey the water from the river to
their reservoirs on Sullivan's creek. The ob-
ject of the company in making these repairs is
to supply the dry season with water until nature
herself showers it over the country. About four
years ago this ditch was in running order and
gave a good supply for mining and irrigating
purposes; but this season the ditch is supplied
by the reservoirs alone, and not having the
usual amount of spring rain, is the cause of
the scarcity of water at the present time. When
the works are repaired to the river an abund-
ance of water will be supplied from the snow:
The ditch will furnish the necessary element
to Kincaid Flat, Algerine, Poverty Hill, Mon-
tezuma and the lower section of the county.
In this section it waters Sonora, Union Hill
and Shaw's Flat, and so on down through the
Rough & Ready section.
The New Albany. — Dr. Walker, superin-
tendent of this mine, informs us that they will
start in immediately to put on a first class
ten-stamp mill, with all the modern improve-
ments. The iron work will be done by the
Sonora foundry company, their work- being
noted as much superior and finer in finish
than the San Francisco foundries turn out; be-
sides other advantages in having the work done
at home, where alterations, repairs, etc., can
be more satisfactorily and cheaply accom-
plished. The example of the New Albany in
patronizing our local mechanics is one we hope
to see followed by other companies, as being a
benefit not only to themselves but to the local-
ity wherein they expect to find their reward.
The mill buildings will be put up as soon as
lumber can be obtained. About 20 men will go
up next week to prepare roads for hauling the
lumber for the flume, which, with the ditch,
will extend to two and one-eighth miles above
the mill site, to a point on the north fork of the
Tuolumne, for furnishing water. Its capacity
will be abput 250 inches, with a fall of 300 feet
at the mill.
The old Summerset mine, owned by Thos.
Whitto, Benny Soulsby, John Sherwood and
J. D. Redmond, started up last week. The mine
is about a quarter of a mile from the Spring
gulch, and it is the intention of the owners, at
present, to haul the rock thither for crushing.
They have cleaned out the tunnel of this old
mine and are engaged in stoping and sinking
on the chute, and have come upon rook that
will mill as high as $20 and $30 to the ton.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Julia.— Gold Hill News, April 22: There is
a slight increase in the flow of water at the
bottom of the shaft. The main south drift on
the 1000-ft level is still driven vigorously ahead,
the face in porphyry, mixed with broken quartz
of a little harder character than has been en-
countered for some, time past, although it is
still good picking.
Ophib. — Daily yield, 150 tons of ore, mostly
from the ore etopes and breasts on the 1465-ft.
level. The north drift from the 1600-ft station
in the north winze has been extended along the
ore vein a distance of 60 feet, at which point a
cross drift has been run due east 80 feet and
another west 50 feet, the face of both drifts
still being in "rich ore, and neither having yet
reached the walls of the ledge. The east drifts
at both the 1500 and 1600-ft stations in the
main shaft are being pressed forward to con-
nect with the north winze works, as rapidly as
the nature of the work will permit.
Caltfobnia — The joint drift on the 1400-ft
level is in 215 feet, the face in fair grade ore.
The winze from the 1400-ft level is down 58
feet, the bottom still in good ore. The south
drift in the ore vein from the winze is in 197
ft, the face in rich ore. The face of cross out
No. 2 on the 1500-ft level is still in low grade
quartz and ore. Cross-cut No. 3 on this level
is in 263 ft, and has not yet reached the east
ore vein. Cross-cut No. £ is in a distance of
145 feet, and cross-cut No. 5, 70 ft. The face
of the north drift to connect with cross-cut
No. 4 is still in rich ore. Enlarging the main
north drift on the 1500-ft level is making good
progress.
South Califobnia. — The fine large three
compartment working shaft being sunk, is to-
day down about 90 feet, and excellently*
timbered throughout. The rock at the bottom
May I, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
285
in of a porphyria character, with regular
cleavage allowing of very good progress. The
ore vein, which lies on the east side of the
shaft, is a fine looking species of reddish
quartz, giving good assays in silver and gold,
and widening out* as farther depth is attained.
Bklcheb. — Driving the south drift from the
bottom of the south winze on the 1500-ft level
is making good headway, the face still in ore.
Sinking the middle and north winzes below
the HOO-ft level is making very fair headway,
the bottom of both still in ore. The ore
breast* are all looking well throughout the
mine, the quality of ore having shown ao im-
provement during the past month. Daily
yield 450 tons of ore.
Caledonia. — Sinking the flew shaft is mak-
ing fine headway. The new powerful air com-
pressor is on the ground ready for erection, and
should the flow of water interfere with the
sinking, a six-inch pump will be put in and run
until the heavier machinery is ready to start
up. A drain tunnel has been started which
will tap the new shaft at a depth of 120 feet
from the surface, saving that amount of lift for
the water.
Savagk. — A large new giraffe has been
placed in the main incline ready for UFe. The
water tankB at the 2200-ft station are about
completed, the car tracks laid on that level,
and the new incline machinery ready to put
into full working operation, so that it will be
but a very Bhort time now before the develop-
ment of the ore vein on the 2200-ft level can be
commenced in good earnest.
Cons. Yibgcsia.— Daily yield, 450 tons of
ore. The ore breasts and stopes show no
change on either the 1400 or 1500 ft levels.
Owing to the repairs being prosecuted at the
Gould & Curry shaft, no work is being done
on the 1550-ft level. The joint drift on the
1400-ft level has not yet reached the ore vein.
The O & C shaft is down 375 ft, at which point
large water tanks are being put in to catch the
water, which is believed to be only a surface
vein. The mills are running up to their fall
working capacity, and the prospects of the mine
are more flattering than ever before.
Yellow Jacket. — The three new pumps in
the main incline were al) in position day before
yesterday, all working with the greatest per-
fection. Draining the water from the incline
below the 1740-ft level was immediately com-
menced.
Sierra Nevada. — Sinking the new shaft is
making the usual good progress. Sinking the
old shaft is also making fine headway. Driv-
ing the northeast drift from the 700-ft station
of the old shaft to prospect the ore vein and
connect with the new shaft for air purposes is
making pood headway, the face still in a very
encouraging character of ledge material.
Hale & Noecboss. — The north drift on the
2100-ft level is in a distance of 331 ft, and will
probably connect with the drift from the Sav-
age on the same level in a day or two more,
giving a much • needed circulation of air, and
greatly facilitating the developments on the
lower levels in both mines.
Sutbo Tunnel. — Very good progress has
I been made until last Monday night, when from
1 lack of requisite timbering quite an extensive
I cave occurred between the face of the header
1 and shaft No. 2, completely blocking up the
j tunnel. The men working the header
1 were fortunately warned in time and made
i their escape. The work of tunneling through
j this caved mas3, '-catching it up" by means of
spiling driven ahead, is already commenced,
and the difficulty will soon be disposed of.
Mexican. — The quartz and ore on the north-
east drift, on the 1465-ft level, are showing a
I decided improvement, and the prospeots of
I finding a paying mine are becoming more fa-
vorable every day.
Bullion, — The east cross-cut from the north
drift on the 1750-ft level of the Imperial is now
I in 70 ft, and will reach the ore vein in a very
I short time.
Euhopa. — tfhe face of the drift is now in a
j solid body of quartz, which is no doubt the
I main ledge itself, showing bold and strong,
I but giving no high assays aB yet.
Lady Bbyan. — The main west oross-cut on
j the 250-ft level is in 430 ft, the face still in low
■ grade ore and white quartz of a very favorable
(character. It is undoubtedly a continuation of
j the same body found in the south drift, on the
j level above. Cross-out No. 3, on the 80-ft
[ level, is still in fine ore.
Chollab-Potosi. — Daily yield 35 tons of ore,
I the assay, value of which is $29 per ton. Both
jthe south drift on the 1150 and 1250-ft levels
tare advancing steadily.
SiLVEE Hill. — The erection of the new
pumping machinery is nearly completed and
jwill undoubtedly all be ready for action by the
lyst of May next. The ore prospects at the
hird level are looking more favorable.
Seg. Gold Hill. — The n«w Bteam hoisting
works have been started up and are now in
successful operation.
Ovebman.— Every possible effort is being
made to get the new powerful pumping ma-
chinery running at the earliest moment. It is
confidently expected that everything will be in
readiness to start up by the first of May.
I Baltimore and American Flat. — The new
Ipumping machinery is all running and works
with the utmost smoothness. The water is
being rapidly drained from the shaft. Cross-
:utting the ore vein on both the 750 and 850-ft
levels in both the Baltimore and American
Platgroand will be commenced immediately.
Leo. — The ledge in the face of the main tun-
ael continues well defined, and carries a very
favorable charaoter of vein matter. The cross-:
cut from the north drift is now in 20 ft in very
promising formation.
Imperial-Empire. — The main Bouth drift on
the 2OC0-ft level is still driven vigorously
ahead, the face in clay, quartz and porphyry.
Obioinal Gold Hill. — The ore body de-
veloped by the croBS-cnt and raise of the south
drift, in opening out splendidly, showing plenty
of good milling ore, which gives very satisfac-
tory assays.
Gould & Cubby.— The erection of the new
powerful pumping engine is making good pro-
gress, but will not probably be in readiness to
run for a couple of weeks yet.
Justice. — The water contiuaes about the
same as at last report. The rock in the face of
the south drift at the 800-ft level is a little
softer.
Phil. Sheridan. — The rock in the face of the
drift is getting softer, with more streaks of
black clay, and the stringers of quartz are
coming in smaller and more numerous.
Amazon'.— The new working shaft, is down
83 feet and thoroughly timbered throughout.
When a depth of 100 feet is attained will be
opened and a drift started to cross-cut the ore
vein.
Utah. — The flow of water from the face of
the north drift on the 400-ft level, and also that
from the bottom of the shaft remains un-
changed.
Sknatoe,— The south cross-cut has not yet
reached the hanging wall of the ledge, but prob-
ably will very shortly, when drifting both
north and south following the vein matter will
be commenced.
Moobe and Morgan.— Sinking in the shaft is
about being resumed, and valuable develop-
ments may be looked for, as there are more ore
indications, and really good ore, at the surface
of this mine than anywhere along the east
range.
Niagara.— The ledge at the bottom of the
shaft continues to show improvement. Every-
thing is working finely.
CORTEZ DISTRICT.
A Spoilt Story. — Austin Reveille, April 22:
Many of our State exchanges, of l&te, have
contained flaming accounts of the big bonanza
recently developed in Cortez district. We
never like tospoila storyof amining strike, but
in this instance we have the most reliable in-
formation that "the component parts ' of the
ore in thiB mine are "principally lead." In-
deed, to such an extent has the bonanza in
creased in galenical wealth that it is impossible
to mill it, even with reverberatory furnaces,
and the mill has been shut down. The Mexi-
can pack train which had been employed in
packing the ore from the "bonanza" to the
mill, passed through Austin yesterday on its
way to Biroh creek, where it will be used in the
wood business. The "bonanza" may do
smelting, however.
EUREKA DISTRICT.
Richmond Smelting Works. — Eureka Sen-
tinel, April 22: Since the closing down of the
furnaces of the Richmond company the great-
est activity prevails about the premises in
repairing the works and introducing new im-
provements. The three old furnaces are being
thoroughly overhauled, and when again
brought in use will be in better condition than
for a year past. The new iron furnace, de
signed for coke burning, now in course of
erection, will be completed in a short time, and
Bhould the experiment in using this style oL
furnace prove successful it will doubtless pro-
duce an innovation in the art of smelting the
ore from the mines of the district.
The wooden flue of the fume arrester, which
has afforded us so many items, is also being
attended to; the wooden portion is being torn
away and is to be replaced by iron, which will
prove more serviceable than its predecessor,
which was continually catching fire and delay-
ing the progress of the work. Superintendent
Rickard is indefatigable in his efforts to have
work resumed as soon as possible, and hopes
to have everything again in motion the first of
next month. The refining works of the com-
pany continue in active operation in the crys-
tallization of the bullion to pure metal. Im-
mense cakes of bullion, weighing ten tons
each, are to be seen about the building in the
various stages of transformation preparatory to
the cnpellation process. The second set of
crystallizers are at work, and the third will
soon be erected. The management feel highly
gratified at the success attending the working
results of this new department, as it insures
them far better returns on their gross bullion
than formerly, when compelled to pay the
various charges incident to the transportation
to the refinery in New York.
PEAVINE DISTRICT.
The Mines. — Nevada State Journal, April
22: All of the mining companies are actively
pushing ahead. work. The differeutore breasts
in the Consolidated Poe are all looking well,
and ore is constantly being hoisted for the mill.
The ground for the new hoisting machinery is
all graded. Breaking through the large Bhaft
on the Golden Fleece .to the surface is getting
along finely. Their machinery will consist of
a double-acting engine, pump, etc., and will
soon be on hand, to be erected on this shaft;
then the incline will be sunk down about 500
ft further, when the most valuable ore will be
taken out. Sinking the shaft of the Mineral
Chief progresses; several feeders of quartz have
been struck in descending the Bhaft. Water is
coming in just in the direction the ledge pitches,
The Carr tunnel is in a distance of 280 feet, and
a contract has been let for another 100 ft. The
Mountain Yiew company have a fine 6 ft ledge,
much of which is high grade ore, assaying up
into the hundreds. Work is being vigorously
prosecuted on this claim. They are now on
their ledge a distance of 40 ft, and will com-
mence shipping their high grade ore in a few
days. The New York tunnel is in 500 feet.
WHITE PINE DISTRICT.
Rich Rook.— White Pine News, April 24:
Uncle Johnny McCann has shown us some
very rioh epeoimens of ore, taken from the
Bowie & Brown mine, situated on Blue Hill,
only about half a mile from Hamilton. The
ledge is three feet wide, and has well defined
walls. Some ore from this mine was worked
at the Smoky mill two or three years ago
which averaged $129 per ton. It is considered
a good mine.
Looking Well. — The Summit tunnel com-
pany are running their tunnel on the east side
of White Pine mountain, and are progressing
finely. Their prospeots are very flattering,
having recently strack a body of ore which
assays beyond the expectations of its owners.
Silverado Mine.— This mine is situated at
Silverado canon, in ^his county, and is aston-
ishing its owners with its wonderful yield. Il
has long been a payiog mine, but recently, at
a depth of 250 ft, they have struck a four foot
ledge with well defined walls, and good judges
estimate that the ore will not go less than $200
per ton in silver alone. Mr. Shoenbar, the
owner of the mine, is now engaged in sinking
an artesian well at that place, with a view of
putting up a furnaoe, if he can get a sufficient
supply of water to run it.
Arizona.
Sale or Quartz — Arizona Citizen, April 16:
Mr. S. Frederick purchased of Jack Goodwin,
on Monday last, one-quarter interest in 2400
ft of the Senator ledge for the snug little sum
of $10,000 cash. This is none of your bond-
ing nonsense, but an up and up Bale and the
money paid. The best of it is, Mr. Frederick
being already largely interested in the ledge,
and having worked the rock for a long time,
knows just what he has bought, and would not
to-day take twice the amount for his bargain
Mohave County. — By telegraph, April 24
Late advices from Mohave county say the
mines are looking better daily. Many strangers
are arriving from California every day. Min-
eral Park presents a lively appearance. Quick-
silver has been discovered intabundance in the
valley of Chlorido, and experts pronounce the
prospects very flattering.
Colorado.
Geoegetown Bullion Shipments. — Colorado
Miner, April 10: The silver reducing company
shipped for the week ending April 9th, $7,735.
The Judd and Crosby shipped for the same
period, $5,951.
Burleigh Tunnel. — The Burleigh tunnel is
being continuously worked, under the superin-
tendence of Mr. C. G. Ryder. The length of
the tunnel is now 1825 feet. The heading is
very hard rock, and the average distance made
per month is 20 feet. At present the only work
being done is that of pushing the tunneljforward
no drifting being done on the lodes crossed
by it.
Democrat Mountain, Clear Cbeek County.
There is no let up to the amount of work being
done, and the growing productiveness of the
rich mines on this mountain. Large amounts
of ore are being daily extracted from the Rog-
ers, Polar Star, Queen of the West, A, T.
Stewart and other noted mines.
The Douglas Tunnel. — Mr. Goetzel has
been steadily driving the tunnel, owned by the
Douglas silver mining company, into the heart
of Douglas mountain, until it has reached a
distance of 675 feet. Mr. Lampshire has thor-
oughly examined the ground into which this
tunnel is running, as well as the character of
the veins crossed, and believes the property to
be one of themoBt promising in the mountains.
The mountain Bhows no disturbance, the lodes
are true fisBure veins, and the development in
lode No. 1 gives the most encouraging results.
Mr. Goetzel deserves great credit for the energy
he has displayed in driving this great enter-
prise, and every one will rejoice that a brilliant
success is about to crown his efforts. He has
had faith in Douglas mountain, and in tunnels,
and has never doubted the result.
Bboadwax Tunnel. — The work of develop-
ment in this fine property, which has recently
been Btarted up after a long period of inactiv-
ity, may now be said to have merged into pro-
ductive work. "Rich ore and considerable of it
has recently been struck, and we expect soon
to be able to give a report from it.
Utah.
Clifton Disteict. — Correspondence Salt
Lake Tribune, April 21: The Deep Creek Con-
solidated company have -resumed operations,
and are repairing their furnaces and putting
men to work on their mines.
It is the opinion of every one who has visited
this district, that it must ultimately become
one of the most important in the Territory.
Oar great need is cheap transportation. Owing
to our great distance from Sit LaVe and the
railroad, we pay a double tax on supp i'S and
bullion, so that low grade ore will not pay to
handle. It is the experience of all miners that
the abundance of low grade ore is what makes
a camp.
Clifton district is fortunate in having ore of
a grade that .will pay. Iron and copper
abounds, but has been neglected owing to the
great expense attending the hauling. The
Deep Creek company, in working one of their
mines on Gold hill, came on a splendid body
of copper, four feet thick, and have shipped
two car loads to Baltimore, as an experiment,
the result of which I will be able to inform you
of in my next.
The great expense and difficulty of lining
furnaces would be obviated if a railroad were
here, as we have quarrieB of fire rock of a qual-
ity superior to any known on this coast, and
in unlimited quantities.
Iron of a quality admirably adapted for flux-
ing ores is found here. Saving the compara-
tively Bruall quantity used at the furnaces of
this district, it has not been touched.
General News Items.
A young German, while seated in Fortsnionth
square, one day last week, took a derringer from
his pocket and applying the muzzle to his
breast, deliberately pulled the trigger. Much
to the Teuton's disappointment, the wound
resulting did not prove immediately fatal, and
he found himself obliged to hear what the
public thought of his suicidal attempt and the
cause leading thereto, as expressed in a note
found in his pocket.
Two employment agents in Virginia were ar-
rested last week for swindling immigrants out
of a few dollars, under the pretence of furnish-
ing them employment. The swindlers were
adjudged guilty on seven distinct charges, and
on the first fined each $200 and in default of
payment imprisoned for 90 days.
A late London dispatch stales that consider-
able excitement prevails in Athens over the ap-
proaching elections, and that a state of siege is
reported as impending. The Government is
concentrating 5,000 soldiers in Athens, and it
is supposed it intends to raise the army to a war
footing.
Charles E. Pickett, of this city, has been re-
leased from confinement in the county jail,
where he has been since August last, under a
sentence for alleged contempt of court. Mr.
Justice Crockett was the court for which the
philosopher expressed his contempt.
The Bteamer Ventura of G. N. & P. line
was lost off Point Sur on the night of April
20th. Over 100 passengers were aboard, but
all reached the shore Bafely. The loss, un-
insured, is estimated at $150,000.
Thbee steamboats were burned at New
Orleans on the 23d hist., and it is reported
that 100 persons lost their lives by drowning
while attempting to escape from the flames.
An Oregon paper tells of a deaf mute who
came into its composing room one morning
and committed to memory alt the boxes of the
capital and lower cases, and set 1500 ems dur-
ing the day.
A change has been made in the C. P. B. B.
time table. Overland trains leave at 8 instead of
7 a. m., as heretofore, and arrive at 5:35, in-
stead of 8:10 p. m.
The tannery of John F. Shultz, at Ora Leva,
near Forbestown, in Butte county, was com-
pletely destroyed by fire on the night of the
19th inst.
A banquet was given to Carl Schurz by a
large number of distinguished citizens in New
York last Thursday evening. The ex-Senator
is about to Bail for Europe.
The old foundry building in Sacramento, be-
longing to the C. P. R. K., was burned last
Saturday night.
A cab attaohed to a train on the N. P. B. B.
was blown from the track near Sauoelito last
week, and rolled down an embankment.
Attorney General Williams has resigned
and Judge Pierrepont, of New York, is re-
ported to have been tendered the office.
It is said that $100,000 worth of cattle and
horses have been killed by buffalo gnats in
Tennessee within the last week.
Industrial Items.
The West Coast manufacturing company has
250 men at work, fifteen hours per day, turn-
ing out the furniture for the Palace Hotel,
whioh the contract requires to be finished by
the first of July. The order amounts to over
half a million dollars.
A company has been organized in Los Angeles
to bore for petroleum on the lands of a Mr.
Boushay, "near the city. The indications of
oil are said to be quite favorable.
The Lob Angeles Express expects General
Forrest, of Memphis, Tennessee, to reach that
place in May with 1,000 immigrants, more or
less.
The Grangers' Business Association of Dixon
filed artioles of incorporation with the Sec-
retary of the State.
Sixty men are at work on the new road be-
tween Santa Bosa and Napa, and expect to
complete it in about thirty days.
Gujboy presents, in the estimation of the
Leader, great advantages for the erection of a
tannery.
Tiuck laying commenced on the Walla Walla
Valley railroad on the 12th instant.
A MANrrFACTUBrNG city is what the Amador
Ledger would have lone city become.
Wabehouseb are to be erected and a wharf
constructed by the Grangers at Martinez.
The Petaluma woolen mill is nearly com-
pleted.
A new brick yard has been started in Chico.
286
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May i, 1875
Hydrographic Surveying.
The following paper was read before the
California Aoademy of Sciences at its laetf meet-
ing, by T. J. Lowry, of the U. S. Coast Survey:
Hydrographic surveys of bays, lake?, rivers,
gulfs and the parts of oceans adjacent to coasts
are indispensable requisites to a safe navigation
and hence successful international commerce.
Being of national importance they are therefore
national undertakings — and the Government
Coast Surveys and navies of all countries are
engaged in determining and mapping the to-
pography of the water basins and ohannels of
the earth.
An accurate survey of waters adjacent to
land is based upon a survey of the adjoining
lands by means of which the figure of the coast
and the positions of a sufficient number of con-'
spicuous and well denned objects near the
coast have been ascertained. These objects are
the landmarls by observations of which the
positions of points on the surface of the
water (and hence the soundings) are deter-
mined. The relative positions of the landmarks
are ascertained with a degree of accuracy pro-
portionate to the character and extent of infor-
mation to begiven by the chart. "When perfect
accuracy is aimed at, many stations on shore
(and especially on island shoals and reefs) are
first determined usually by a trigonometrical
BUTvey whose accuracy is tested by a base of
verification. The stations in the triangulation
being selected with reference to the ultimate
ends in view (viz., the wants of the hydrographer
and navigator), will be ao chosen as to include
or- determine lighthouses, headlands and other
remarkable objects. — not allowing the triangler,
however, to depart too much from the well
conditioned forms. In making choice of stations,
and thus giving shapes to the triangler it is
well to remember that where all the angles are
to be observed, the condition most favorable to
the accuracy of computation — i. e. where in-
strumental errors and errors of observation will
least affect the determination — is where each
triangle is equilateral. But where two angles
only are to be observed, the unobserved angle
should be a right angle and the observed angles
equal to each other and never less than 25 or
30 degrees. Experience proves that in well
conditioned triangles the small errors made in
the measurement of the angles do not accumu-
late through each successive step in the opera-
tion, but on the whole tend to compensate each
other.
Whatever extent of coast may be surveyed,
each series of hydrographic operations will be
oonfined to comparatively limited spaces, and
the whole will consist of numerous detailed
oharts correctly linked together and harmonized
by means of the triangulation on shore, a des-
cription, therefore^ of the modus operandi in
making a hydrographic survey of a 6ingle har-
bor or short sea reach will apply equally to the
system adopted in the survey of an extensive
line of coast.
Having made a reoonnoissance of the region
to be surveyed and gathered a general idea of
the facilities for, as well as the difficulties of
doing the work, the next step is to locate tide
gauges and tide observers.
Judging from all information that can fc.e
gathered of the prevailing winds, currents,
tides, shoals and the configuration of the shore
line the hydrographer will fix the number and
sites of his tide gauges so as to get data in de-
termining the figure of the surface of the water
at any given instant. They should be more
numerous the more the surface of the water at
any instant deviates from the horizontal form.
And the fewer the gauges used the greater the
care to be exercised in deciding upon their lo-
cations. Placing a gauge within a bar, sand-
bank or other impediment to the free action of
the water, or within a lagoon which winds fill
with water faster than it can escape, is to be
especially guarded against. And in, compara-
tively limited basins of water at least two'
gauges should be established — one at that side
of the basin nearest "whence the prevailing-
winds come" and the other nearest "whither
they go." These gauges are not only checks
on each other when the wind's action is an in-
significant element, but where the wind drives
waterJ from ©ne portion of the basin and piles
it up in another, they furnish data indispensi-
ble for harmonizing soundings taken on those
and calmer days.
In such a basin, when but one gauge is used,
the proper place for it, theoretically speaking,
is the center of the basin. These Considera-
tions attended to, eaoh gauge is firmly fixed in
a well sheltered spot,, so that its zero shall be
below low-water at neap, and its top abpve
high-water at spring-tides. By proper circum-
spection for the site of each gauge, one will gen-
erally be found to answer for each station, but
where the observation's made from snore two
or more may at times become necessary — the
observer following the tide from gauge to gauge
as it goes out and retreating over the same
path as it comes in. The kinds of tide! gauges
are as various as the circumstances demanding
them. The one ordinarily used is of the sim-
plest kind, a straight vertical post divided into
feet and tenths, numbered from the bottom up-
wards; this is found generally to serve jts pur-
pose, inasmuch as when it is too windy to read
the gauge correctly, it is blowing too much to
sound accurately. A vertical tube with small
holes at the bottom to admit the water which
supports a float, is however, susceptible of
closer readings under all circumstances; and
for getting off-shore tides, MitckelFs gauge is
admirably adapted; while fts a self registering
gauge, Saxton's stands withoub-a parallel and
leaves nothing to be desired.
The zero of each gauge should be referred by
means of a spirit-level, or otherwise, to a bench
mark cut distinctly and durably on some per-
manent object (and the remark made in the
book) so that if displaced it can be properly
replaced in position.
For the purpose of reducing the soundings it
is mainly essential that the tide-gauge, and
sounding-boat watches be together; but where
the laws of the tides of the locality are also de-
sired, it is best to keep either lunar or mean
solar time. A series of observations of the
tides on these gauges made simultaneously with
the soundings furnish data for reducing
each soundin • to the reference plane — the
mean of the lowest water. This plane is also
given by these tidal observations. The fre-
quency of the necessary readings of the gauge
varies from every half-hour to every five min-
utes, according to the rapidity of the rise and
fall of the tide.
And now, if there be not on the shore perma-
nent well-defined objects that will serve as sig-
nals, such as spires, towers, flagstaffs, light-
houses, or tall slender trees fixed by triangula-
tion, then the hydrographer erects the neces-
sary'signals; usually tripods boarded up, and
painted white if projected on dark back-ground
from the sounding boat, or red, (or 'black) if
against the sky or a sandy back-ground.
The tide-gauges and signals being erected,
the next step is to determine carefully with a
theodolite the relative position of these signals
and plot them by the computed sides of the
triangles of which they are the vertices. It is,
however, not imperative that the actual sizes
of the triangles be at first known — but the tri-
angles can be computed and plotted from any
assumed base, since the "relative positions of
the signals" is the essential desideratum.
Hydrographic surveys all have for their main
object the tracing, determining and plotting,
on a suitable scale, the contour lines of navi-
gable channels and water-basins. Contouring
represents the inequalities of the earth's sur-
face by determining the relative* hights of any
number of points above or below a line equi-
distant at every point from the earth's center.
This line 13 what is understood by the term "a
level-line" — and is that which is assumed by
the' surface of the water when at rest. In map-
ping the contours of parts of the earth not cov-
ered with water, after the principal contour
lines are drawn on the topographical sheet, in-
termediate lines may, with the ground before
the eye, be sketched in; but such interpolations
are obviously impossible when tracing the con-
tour lines of a basin filled with water, as in hy-
drography, where a series of points in the
curves of equal depths are brought out only by
lines of levels made with the sounding-line.
Now since these lines of equal depths are anal-
ogous to contour-lines on land — being contour-
lines of the bottom of the water-basin drawn
through those points where the reduced sound-
ings are equal — the same rule hence, obtains in
hydro grapby'as in topography for the direc-
tions of the lineB of levels for developing them
— viz: the perpendicular and parallel to the
strike or dip of the bottom, i. e. one system of
sounding-lines coincident with, and another at
right angles to the lines of the steepest de-
clevity of the bottom. The lines_ run in the
general directions of the ' curves of equal
depths, or horizontal curves, are the main-
lines in developing the contours of the bottom,
yet the auxiliary lines which should be run per-
pendicular to these not only check these depths
but also furnish additional data for drawing
these curves of • qua! dep'hs. At a crossing of
these' lines the difference of the soundings
should not be more than three per cetit., and
the limit of error must not exceed five per cent,
of the depth.
To form an idea of the general configuration
of the bottom of a body of water, we must call
in every available aid; as, the topography and
geology of the adjacent coast, the effects of
currents, tides and prevailing winds, and most
of all the revelations of out lead-line, which
assist us in judging of the topography of the
parts yet unsounded, and hence better fix upon
the directions of the lines to be run. The
force and directions of winds and currents and
qualities of the vessel must of course be con-
sidered in laying out directions of sounding
lines. And the greater discretion exercised in
giving directions to these lines the fewer in
number will it require to bring out the bottom's
varied features in the length and breadth of
their modulation. The number of lines re-
quired depends upon the extent of the inform-
ation to be furnished by the chart.
If, for purposes of general navigation, the
soundings on the map will be sufficiently nu-
merous when the horizontal curves (viz. — fath-
om and half fathom, up ,to three fathoms and
inside of that feet, curves) can be drawn with-
out b*oubt as to their directions in any case.
As to the frequency of the casts, where the
bottom is very irregular, are wanted not casts
at studiedly regular intervals, but every possible
sounding.
"vThether it is the demands of the navigator or
the marine engineer that are being satisfied,
along with these contour lines of the bottom
are required the materials of which the bot-
tom con-ists, the level, rise and fall of the
water, the directions and speeds of its currents
and at times the temperatures and specific
gravities of the water. The acouracy of the
methods and instruments for executing these
surveys also varies with the amount of detailed
information required. If the survey be made
for the erection of a breakwater instead of
purposes of general navigation, then are de-
sired nicer instruments for observations, more
well detei mined signals, more cast positions
determined, more soundings on a line and
more lines of soundings, more specimens of
bottom and more current observations. In
every case, however, the whole ground should
be gone over 'thoroughly to bring out the
general features of the bottom and detect
each sudden irregularity of depth, which should
be traced through its every line of approach,
and if it pioves to be an isolated knoU or ridge,
ic may be "rayed off" by planting one or more
temporary buoys on it, and to and from them
running radii in different directions. How-
ever, as these radial lines are often insufficient
to bring out its every feature, others may be
run at right angles to them. Yet for general
purposes of navigation the general features,
and extent of a reef and the shoalest cast on it
are found amply sufficient. As each sound-
ing is taken the surveyor notes its depth and
also the time which fixes its position with refer-
ence to other points on the line determined by
either sextant, theodolite or compass aDgles on
known fixed points.
The degree of precision with which the pos-
itions of the sounding boat are fixed determines
the accuracy, and hence usefulness, of a hydro-
graphic survey. To fix the position of the
sounding boat under every variety "of circum-
stances is therefore the all important problem
in practical hydrography, and the methods
most universally relied upon by the hydro-
grapher for determining his boat's position is
that by the three-ppint problem.
This problem is wide in its application, ac-
curate in its determinations and most simple in
its graphic solutions. The simultaneous ob-
servation of ihe two angles subtended by three
signals fix the place of observation under every
possible' contingency — except when it is on the
circle passing through these three signals— i. e.,
when the three circles of position are coinci-
dent. The accuracy of the determination of
positions by this problem depends mainly
upon the relative positions of the signals and
the observer, and the size of the observed an-
gles—being the very best where the signals are
equi-distant from the observer, and subtending
aDgles of 120 degrees. The three signals in a
straight line, is a favorite location with many
hydrographers, as it offers but one case of in—
determination, and that very easily avoided, of
being on the straight line passing through
them. Bat in general a most desirable location
is where the oircle through the three signals is
convex towards the observer, and the middle
one is the nearest of the signals, for then "a
revolver" is impossible. Other things being
equal, it is better to "angle on" the more dis-
tant objects which subtend good sized aDgles,
say from 45 to 135 degrees, for not only is the'
parallax of the sextant then less, but an error
made in getting an exact coincidence of the
images of the signals is then less felt by the
angles than if the signals were near or the an-
gles very acute.
And besides what is thus told by the rela-
tive positions of the signals, the hydrographer
should be able to read the tale which the size
of the observed angles tell of a position's fix-
edness. If the sum of the observed angles
equals 180 degrees or more, then the observer
is sure he is not on the circle of indetermma-
tion. But if this sum is less than 180 de-
grees and equal, or nearly so, to the supplement
of the angle subtended at the middle sign*! of
the other two, then the position is not deter-
mined. By having these supplements written
about the signals, between the proper lines,
on the field-sheet, we can by a mental sum-
ming of the observed angles tell (without plot-
ting) whether we are too near the circle to get
a good determination; and may thus catch
other angles that better fix our position.
The three-point problem finds in the three-
arm circular protractor an accurate, simple
and most expeditious graphic solution, which is
most extensively used in plotting positions of
the sounding boat. In practice the observed
angles are set off on the proper lines of the
protractor, ar?d the fiducial edges of its areas
caused to traverse the three points representing
the signals observed upon, and the center dot-
ted and the positiouis plotted. If breakers
denoting danger be observed at a time when it
is impassible to anchor over them or even ap-
proach them to fix a buoy to niark; their local-
ity, their positiommay be marked quite accu-
rately by pulling around them and getting
cross ranges (or cross magnetic bearings) of
prominent objectB on s hbre so disposed as to
guide the observer to the snot in" more favor-
able'weather, when a perfect calm may leave no
trace whereby rfee danger can be recognized.
The Locomotive.
Looking at the locomotive in a national point
of view, its value to a nation as a machine
connected with the development of its wealth
and progress is measured by the cost of carry-
ing a ton of goods and a passenger a mile.
The lower this can be made, the greater its
benefit, and the more extended the range of its
influence and operations . This should be the -
point of strife between nations: how low oan
you bring the cost of carrying? Any intelligent
person who will examine this matter, with the*
vast amount of data at his command, will find
that, considering the prica we pay for labor,
metals and fuel, no other country has solved
this problem with, the same gratifying results.
The vast business.of the Pennsylvania Bail-
road, including the passage of the Alleghany
Mountains, for, 1874, shows that it moved near-
ly ten millions of tons of minerals and mechan-
dise at a cost of 0.719 of a cent per ton per
mile and carried more than six millions of
passengers at a cost of 1.60 cents per passen-
ger per mile. Can any other road in the world
out of the United States show such results, or
anything near them, after equating the prices
paid for labor and metals, to say nothing of the
severe climate,' the steep grades and the sharp
curves of Jthis railway, which oannot do en-
countered without extra cost.
Conversion op Locomotives into Stationary
Engines and Boilers. — The change of gauge
on the Great Western Railway, in England, has
necessitate the introduction of new locomo-
tives, adapted to the narrow gauge-lines now in
use.and the locomotives formerly used have con-
sequently been thrown out of employment.
These last named engines have been purchased
by Mr. Barton, of London* who is converting
them into stationary engines and boilers which
are likely to be of great service for wind-
ing, pumping, and other similar purposes.
The boilers are well adapted for stationary pur-
poses, and present several other obvious ad-
vantages over the old Cornish type. They evap-
orate considerably more water per pound of
fuel on account of the large heating surface ; they
have large copper fire boxes; quality of fuel is
not so important, as an artificial draft can be
created by steam jot in chimney, and can be
worked at 120 lbs. pressure, and up to 400
H. P., smaller sizes can be supplied. The
engines can be secured on cast iron bedplate if
required, are easily moved and occupy but lit-
tle space. The expense of setting is avoided,
as no brickwork or brick chimney is necessary.
No doubt also the cost of the converted locomo-
tives is moderate, and as they are at once
compact, and, massive, and built in a style very
superior to that of ordinary stationary engines,
.it may be of service to our readers, even in this
country, to call attention to the above facts.
Massachusetts Mines.— The Boston Adver-
tiser, which devotes a column and a half to di-
vers and sundry "lodes," "claima" and com-
panies in connection with the Essex mining
region, says: "Every item that finds its way
from the latest known mining section of New
England into the moving stream of news,
points to an immigration to the regions near
Newburyport during the coming spring and
summer as odd and-great in proportion as that
which inspired Bret Harte's lecture. Yet even at
this early period in the undeveloped history of
the Newburyport mines, there are many indi-
cations of the swindles that will be, of the
money that will be lost through speculation iu
worthless land or by the sudden death of bogus
stock companies, and of the chicanery and de-?
ception, the levers by which adventurers move
their measures. It certainly does not seem as if
there could be any possible doubt but what un-
derlying the land for many miles in and around
Newburyport are mineral deposits, rich in sil-
ver, lead and gc^ld. Outcroppings arid undoubt-
edly genuine specimens of galena, rich in a per-
centage of silver, have been found in many
different places throughout that section that
would indicate veins of different length and
direction — a sort of titles to tbe chapters of
Essex mining'that are inevitably to follow.
A New Mode of Manufacturing Screws has
been introduced at Edinburgh. By this'
method the screw, instead of being made, as at
prese&t, by cutting away the iron of the bolt to
leave the thread, is formed by rolling the screw
on the bolt blank while hot. It is claimed for
this process that a great saving of time and
labor is effected. Recent experiments have
shown that the tensile strength and the holding
power in both hard and soft wood of rolled
screws were considerably greater than those of
cut ones.
Ventilation. — The importance of a thorough
ventilation in our dwellings may be inferred
from the following: If the air of a crowded
apartment is conducted through water, so much
animal matter is collected in the water as to oc-
casion a speedy putrefactive fermentation, with
a disgusting odor.
Sheet Metal Statuary — The manufacture
of sheet metal statuary for ornamental and
architectural purposes is quite novel, but fast
becoming an important branch of industry.
Sheet zinc is the material employed, and it is
wonderful to notice the skill displayed in this
line, and the perfection to which such work
has been carried. The new court-house at
Jackson, Mich., has recently been ornamented
with a full length figure of Justice, st^ven feet
high, made from sheet zinc, which weighs only
100 pounds*. The figure is pronounced by ex-
perts as -very superior, and was the work of tbe
Kittridge Cornioe and Ornament Company, of
Philadelphia. This company propose to make
a specialty of sheet metal statuary.
Simple Test for Lubricating Oils. — The
following simple method for testing the pro-
ducts of hydrocarbons or mineral oils in lubri-
cating mediums will be found both convenient
aud useful for every engineer or mechanist: Fill
a bottle with the oil in question, moistening
the cork and inside of the neck of the bottle,
and then twisting the cork about its longer
axis. The best lubricating oils produce no
sound, but the more the oil is adulterated with
hydrocarbons and products of dry distillation,
the louder the noise produced. An oil that
gives a loud cry is most unfitted for a lubri-
cator.
May i, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
287
\
UsEfilL Iflfo^HAT1011*
The White Streak in Silk— An Interest-
ing Discovery.
For a number of years the Bilk manufacturers
of this country have been troubled by the ap-
pearance of what is commonly called u "white
streak" in dyed f iik. This name describes the
appearance abont as well as any other term we
can apply, and has bf en adopted for lack of
any more positive information respecting it.
It makes its appearance principally on black
silk after it has beta wonnd on the spools
ready for use on the sewing machines. It is
not, however, confined to black machine twist,
but is visible in many of the other dark colors.
It has the appearance of a Blight roughness
or fuz^ on the side of the thread as it lies on
the spool. It is invariably white and easily re-
oogn zed, especially when it occurs in the
black silk. The combined talents of the silk
manufacturers and dyers in this country have
be 11 employed during the last few years to dis-
cover some method of overcoming the white
streak, either by varying the process of manu-
facture or by covering it in the dye. As yet
all efforts have failed to be completely success-
ful. Various theories have been proposed Xo
account for its appearance; much time and
money have been spent in the study of the
question, without arriving at any certain
knowledge concerning it.
Some manufacturers believe that it is due to
carelessness during the process of dying; that
the silk is not thoroughly washed from the
soap suds in which it is boiled, leaving particles
of soap adhering to the silk. Others stoutly
affirm that it is due to the dead wood which
the silk takes on as it passes over the wooden
rollers of a machine known as the stretcher.
The Nonotuck silk company's present theory
is that the streak is due in some way to the
process of adulteration to which the silk is sub-
jected as it is wound on to the reel from the
cocoon. They think it possible that the co-
coons when wound may be soaked in warm
water to which a quantity of rioe starch has
been added, thus making a kind of rice water
or thin paste, whioh the silk takes up as it is
wound, thus adding a cheap weighting mate-
rial to the silk.
That this theory does not account for the ap-
pearance of the streak is evident, since some of
our brands of silk, we are confident, are per-
fectly free from any adulteration, but yet the
streak ocenrs abundantly in them. A careful
examination with the microscope and chem-
ical reagents, for the purpose of obtaining some
definite idea of its nature, soon settled the
fact that it is a vegetable substance of some
kind; but exaotly of what nature, I was unable
at once to determine. This slight due
enabled our dyer to apply a dye that would
partly cover it. This new process of dying,
however, was attended with many objections.
It was more expensive, while it took a much
longer time to dye the silk. Our greatest ob-
jection to this method of dying was that it in-
creased the weight' of the silk with the dye
Btuff, thus injuring its quality and affeoting its
strength. We could ill afford to sacrifice the
strength of the silk for the sake of covering
the streak, so we sought to avoid the difficulty
by using another brand of silk. I finally be-
came convinced by careful examination that it
vas of the nature of a parasite, or a fungus
rowth on the raw silk. All of my researches
toded to confirm this theory.
I have lately submitted samples of the streak,
wich were found both in the raw silk and in
thdyed silk, to Professors Verrill, Eaton and
Poison, of Yale College, New Haven, who all
conrme<i the theory of its being a fungus
grovh on the silk. An eminent naturalist of
BostD) whom I consulted on the subject, also
confiiQB the theory, and thinks that we may
find tiit this growth is connected with the dis-
ease w.h which the silk worms of Europe have
been trebled for so long a time.— C. A. Burt,
Oneida ircular.
have also secrets of their own, among whioh
is one for reducing large trees to a dwarf size.
The Garden of Acclimatisation has at this mo-
ment an orange tree, a hundred years old, and
imported from China, no bigger than a rose
tree; its fruit scarcely attains the size of a
cherry.
[Tho above experiments may be easily re*
peated by any person curious in such things.
The effect of a black pink or a green violet in
a bouquet would certainly be very curious if
nothing more. — Ens. Pbesb.]
Color op thb C&lmrleon. — An English
paper gives some interesting factB relative to
the cause of change of color in the chameleon,
which have been gathered from remarks made
on this subject by M. Paul Bert, at a late meet-
ing of the Sooietie de Biologic of Paris. This
animal, whose natural color is dark green, has
the power of changing to pale green, and very
pale yellow, this change of color being entirely
due to the nervous system. The explanation
of this phenomenon is thus given : * ' Under the
skin, and communicating with it, are vessels
filled with pigment, coursing through little
canals which intersect, cross, and interlace
each other in all directions at the back of the
epidermis itself. This pigment is afterwards
drawn bask into the vesioles by the ivolition of
the animal, and the chameleon then takes on a
palo tint produced by a pale yellow tissue, vis-
ible by its transparency.*' It has been discov-
ered that the color of the animal is affected by
light, and that if disturbed at night the side ou
which a light is thrown beoomes pale, the other
side remaining unchanged. So far, no explana-
tion of this curious fact has been suggested,
and it offers a field for research and observa-
tion which may lead to very important results.
Jelly fbom Old Boots.— The reader may
stare, but science smiles supreme, and asserts
very emphatically that a toothsome delicacy
can be made from a dilapidated foot covering.
Some time ago, says the Scientific American,
Dr. Van der Weyde, regaled some friends not
merely with boot jelly, but with shirt coffee;
and the repast was pronounced by all partakers
excellent. The doctor tells us that he made
the jelly by first cleaning the boot and subse-
quently boiling it with soda under a pressure
of about two atmospheres. The tannic acid in
the leather combined with salt, made tannate
of soda and the gelatine rose to the top, whence
it was removed and dried. From this last, with
suitable flavoring material, the jelly was readily
concocted. The shirt coffee, incidentally men-
tioned above, was sweetened with cuff and col-
lar sugar, both coffee and sugar being produced
in the same way. The linen (after, of course,
washing,) was treated with nitric aoid, which
aoting on the lignite contained in the fibre,
produced glucose, or grape sugar. This, roast-
ed, made an excellent imitation coffee, which
an addition of unroasted glocuse readily
sweetened.
Interestng Experiments With Flowers.
The Joirnal d' Horticulture de France con-
tains som interesting particulars on the artifi-
cial colorin of natural flowers. Those that
have a viole hue will gradually change color
and turn to jreen under the influence of the
smoke of a c^ar. This change is owing to the
ammonia conained in tobacco. Starting from
JJus circnmBunoe the Ithlan professor, L.
Gabba, has nade a series of experiments on a
va"ety of plants with that alkali in its natural
state. His apparatus is a very simple one,
merely conshting of a plate into which he
poixs liquid ammonia, covering it afterwards
witt a reversed glass funnel. The flower to be
testid is inserted into the tube. In this way
he his seen violet, blue, and purple turn to
bnglt green; intense carmine xfid (of the pink)
becoAe black; white turn yellow, &c. The most
extra<rdinary results were afforded by varie-
gated flowers. "When the latter, immediately
after t43 exposure, are dipped into pure water,
they wl] retain their new colors for several
hours, tfter which they simply return to their
former tate. Another curious disoovery of
ProfessoiQabba's is that the flowers of aster,
or starwot, that are violet and have no smell,
acquire a Rightful fragrance and turn red un-
der the influence of ammonia. We know that
the Japanese, by means of injections which
they keep stjret, can color or whiten flowers
and obtain wonderful variegation. The Chinese
QOQD HE4LTH°
Worth Knowing, if True.
Among the many sanitary virtues which have
been ascribed to the eucalyptuB or Australian
gum tree, we have now the assertion that it is
especially valuable for rheumatism, a disease
which has heretofore baffled medical soience.
Instances "are given in proof of the assertion,
and among others the two following by the
Petaluma Argus. It appears a gentleman named
John Quinlan had tried most of the approved
remedies to mitigate the pain of this affliction,
without avail. He visited the West India is-
lands and many other regions for relief, but
did not obtain it. Coming to Petaluma, one
of our hotel keepers, with whom Mr. Quinlan
was acquainted, noticed among his guests a
man who had his arms and legs bound up with
leaves. Upon questioning the party he learned
that he was afflicted with rheumatism, and that
he had bound the diseased parts with the
leaves of the eucalyptus tree, from which he
had experienced great relief and apparently al-
most a permanent cure in a few days. This in-
telligence was communicated to Mr. Quinlan,
who immediately tried the experiment, with
the moat gratifying resultSi He procured a
quantity of rank green eucalyptus leaves and
heating each one slightly, bound them upon
the parts in which he felt the most pain. The
effect was marvellous; the pain ceased in a
short time, and in a little while the long suffer-
ing patient felt like a new man. He continued
to apply the leaves and to wear them while
walking about the streets, and at the. end of
two weeks felt entirely well. He says no amount
of money would purchase from him the power
of applying this remedy, should he be attacked
again.
The Call, of this city, 'a few days after pub-
lishing the above, gave its readers the following
additional confirmation: Since our article of
Tuesday, attesting to the virtues of eucalyptus
leaves in the cure of rheumatism several per-
sons have since called at our office — among the
number a clergyman — to corroborate the state-
ment. They report that they have seen the
leaves applied to the affected parts of several
sufferers from this painfnl disease, in each of
which the relief afforded was almost immediate,
with the prospect of being permanent.
This remedy has the merit of being inexpen-
sive. Persons afflicted with the rheumatism
may give it a trial. If it will do for others
what Mr. Quinlan says it has done for him, a
discovery is made for which tens of thousands
of suffering people will feel thankful.
Patholoqical — What we Breathe.
Very suggestive experiments have been made
by Mr. Blackly, in connection wHh his re-
searches upon the "bay fever," with a view of
determining the extent to whioh pollen of
various plants is diffused throughout the at-
mosphere. His first series of inquiries was
institnted in a meadow at the average breath-
ing level of four feet nine inches from the
ground, beginning in April and continuing
until ill-- end of July. A slip of glass was ex-
posed horizontally, coated with a thin layer of
non-drying liquid. The results were tabulated
daily, and the highest number of pollen grains
obtained on a square centimeter in twenty-four
hours was 880, June 28, Sudden diminutions
in the quantity of pollen — when these occurred
in the ascending scale, between May 28 and
June 28 — were invariably due to a fall of rain,
or to this and a fall in the temperature. Mr.
Blackly also examined the amount of pollen to
be found in the highest strata of the atmos-
phere. This was done by means of a kite,
which, by being attached to other kites, some-
times attained an elevation of 1,000 feet. The
pollen was found to be much more largoly
present at the upper levels than at the "breath-
ing level." Taking the average of the quanti-
ties where pollen was present at both levels, he
found that while the average of the ordinary
level was 21 only, for each experiment, that for
the higher levels was 472.33, or more than
nineteen times as much. After making due
allowance for the difference in the velocity of
the air at various altitudes there still remains a
great preponderance unaccounted for in the
amount of pollen in the upper strata.
Mr. Blackly remarks that his experiments
also afforded abundant proof of the presence
of fungoid spores in the air in large quantities.
In one experiment, which lasted four hours,
and in which the number of pollen grains col-
lected at an altitude of 1,000 feet was 1,200,
the spores of a cryptogram (probably UsUlago
segetum) were bo numerous that ha could not
count them. At a rough estimate they could
not be less than thirty to forty thousand to the
square inch. A fact like this makes the
ubiquity of fungoid organisms a thing easy to
comprehend.
Delicate People.
There is a constant sympathy expressed by
robust people for those of Blight physical con-
stitutions. We think the sympathy ought to
turn in the opposite direction. It is the deli-
cate people who escape the most fearful disor-
ders, and in three cases out of four live" the
longest. Those of gigantic structure are almost
always reckless of health.
They say, "Nothing hurts me," and bo they
stand in drafts, and go into the night air to
cool off, and eat crabs at midnight, and doff
their flannels in April, and get their feet wet.
But delicate people are shy of peril. They
know that disease has been Ashing for them for
twenty years, and they keep away from the
hook. No trout can be caught if he sees the
shadow of the sportsman on the brook. These
people whom everybody expects to die, live on
most tenaciously. We know of a young lady
who evidently married a wealthy man of eighty-
five yearB on the ground that he was very del-
icate, and with reference to her one-third.
But the aged invalid is so careful of his health,
and the young wife so careless of hers, that it
is now uncertain whether she will inherit his
storehouses, or he will inherit her wedding
rings. Health and longevity depend more
upon caution and intelligent management
of one's self than upon original physical outfit.
— Exchange.
Htgienio Boot Soles.— Is there any method
of making the bottoms of boots so moisture
will not pass through them ? This is a practi-
cal question — several methods have been tried.
One is to have a cork layer between the inner
and outer sole; but this thickens the boot bot-
tom too much. Another is to cover the bottom
of the boot with rubber; but the rubber soles
are apt to come off, as they have to be ce-
mented on. Still another way is to have a
rubber sole with a leather margin pegged on,
and this we think has proved more or less sat-
isfactory; but it is difficult to introduce it.
What is needed is that common leather should
be so prepared as to be be impervious to water.
It can be done— who of our hygienistB will do it ?
A Heavy. Dose of Merctjby— A few days ago,
says the Gilroy Advocate, of April 3, Mrs. Anna
Babb's little boy drank a pound of quicksilver.
The child is less than three years old, and even
in California is considered rather young to in-
dulge in so strong a beverage. He found the
mercury bottle in some rubbish in an old trunk,
while playing, and drank the whole, leaving
but a few drops. The physician was sent for,
who administered some light remedy. The
child gave no other indication of having taken
the mercury than drowsiness. The metal did
not all leave the stomach for ten days, but he
was about all the time, and is now bright as
Domestic EcofJopy*
Cooking For Invalids.
Following are some excellent hints, taken
from Arthur's Magazine, in reference to cook-
ing for invalids :
Let all the kitchen utensils used in the prep-
aration of invalids' cookery be delicately and
scrupulously clean; if this is not the cuse a dis-
agreeable flavor may be imparted to the prep-
aration, which flavor may disgust and prevent
the patient from partaking of the refreshment
when brought to him or her.
For invalids, never make a large quantity of
one thing, as they seldom require much at a
time, and it is desirable that variety be pro-
vided them.
Always have something in readiness; a little
beef tea, nicely made and nicely skimmed, a
few spoonfuls of jelly, etc., that it may be ad-
ministered as soon almost as the invalid wishes
for it. If obliged to wait a long time, the pa-
tient loses the desire to eat, and otten turns
against the food when brought to him or her.
In Bending dishes or preparations up to in-
valids, let everything look as tempting as pos-
sible. Have a clean tray cloth laid smoothly
over the tray; let the spoons, tumblers, cup's.
and saucers,- etc., be very clean and bright.
Gruel served in a tumbler is more appetizing
than when served in a basin or cup and sau-
cer.
If the patient be allowed to eat vegetables,
never send them np under-cooked, or half raw;
and let a small quantity only be temptingly
arranged on a dish. This rule will apply to
every preparation, as an invalid is much more
likely to enjoy his food if small delicate pieces
are served to him.
A mutton ohop, nicely cut.trimmed and broiled
to a turn, is a dish to be recommended for in-
valids; but it must not be served with all the
fat at the end, nor must it be too thickly cut.
Let it be cooked over a fire free from smoke,
and sent up with the gravy in it, between two
very hot plates. Nothing is more disagreeable
to an invalid than smoked food.
To Weave Hair.
A Dog with the Measles. — A house dog in
Upton, Mass., had the measles simultaneously
with the children of the family, from whom he
caught the disease. He was carefully doctored,
and was getting along finely, when one day he
slipped out of doors and played in a snow bank.
This indiscretion was fatal. He took cold and
died.
A writer in The Household gives some very
plain directions how to weave hair: Take a
smooth board one and a half feet long and six
or eight inches wide. Near one end drive three
shingle nails in a row, the nails being half an
inch a part and the row running parallel with
the end of the board. At the other end, op-
posite the middle nail, drive one nail; wax three
pieces of linen thread, tie them together at one
end, and about a quarter of an inch from this
knot tie another. Now slip it over the nail
that stands alone, then tie one to eaoh of the
three nails, drawing the thread considerably
tight.
Take the board on your lap, with the three
nails toward the right hand. Next tp.ke a
bunch of hair, both the ends evened, the size
of a knitting needle, wet that end and put it
under the thread nearest you, over the middle
thread and under the last, then bring it back
on the left side, reversing the order. Now
push it close np against the knot. Prooeed in
this way until the strip is of the required
length. After it is dry it can be pushed to-
gether more closely. Twist is superior to linen
for durability.
Good Pie Cbust. — Many persons have diffi-
culty in making pie orust, often finding it
heavy and dark. A lady writer in the Vermont
Journal gives directions how to avoid this: To
one quart of flour thoroughly mix one small
teaspoonful cream tartar, one teacup of lard,
(less will do,) lightly rubbed in the flour, one
teaspoon salt, half teaspoon soda dissolved in
very cold water. Mix lightly with a knife,
pouring in a little of the water at a time. Do
not wet all the flour, and do not knead it. If
yon want the top crust to resemble puff pie
crust, roll out some of your, dough and spread
on lard, sprinkle on flour, then roll up. Now,
do not do as I used to, cut off a piece and turn
the edges up and roll out. I have learned a
better way. Roll with your rolling pin a piece
large enough for your top crusty just as it lies
rolled up on your board. Wet the bottom
crust around the edge with cold water before
putting on the top crust Do not pinch the
edges of the top orust down. Cut or prick, to
let the air out while cooking. Bake in a quick
oven and you will have a nice looking pie.
Dbessed Mutton. — To have it as it should
be, the dish must be lined with mashed pota-
toes, the mutton nicely minced and properly
seasoned, placed in the dish, a little stock
added, and then covered over with mashed po-
tatoes roughed with a fork, and placed before
the fire rill the little dish assumes the appear-
ance of a nicely-browned baked hedgehog.
The hotter Berved, the better relished, pro-
vided it has only been allowed to simmer and
not to boil.
Doughnuts. — Boil one quart of new milk and
melt in it half a pound of butter. Beat three
eggB with two pounds sugar, and add the boil-
ing milk, stirring all the time. When nearly
cold stir in a teacup of yeast, a teaspoon of
salt, and flour to make stiff batter. When
quite light knead in flour to make asoft dough.
Let it rise again till very light, roll, out in
strips, and fry in hot lard.
288
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[May i, 1875
W. B. EWEB Sbhioe Editob.
DEWEY «fc CO., Ptlblisliers.
4. T. DEWEI, GEO. H- BTBOKG
W. B. EWEB, "">• 1. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising Bates:
Bubbchtptiohb payable in advance— For one year, $4 ;
fix 'months. $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at our risfe
Advertising Rates.— 1 xaeek. 1 month. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2-00 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.60 24.00
One inch 1.50 4.00. 12.00 40.00
8an Franoieoo:
Saturday Morning, May 1, 1875-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS.— The Bruckner Re-
volving Furnace, 281-89- Mariposa Esta.te; Cali-
fornia Fire Clay; Short Lectures on Patents; Infor-
mation for Miners; The Interruption of Railroad
Travel 288-9- Hydraulic Mining in California;
Notices of Recent Patents, 289- Patents and Inven-
tions, 292. California Silver Ware, 293-
JXIitTST RATIONS. —The Bruckner Revolving Fur-
nace 281. Hydraulic Mining in California, 289-
CORRESPONDENCE-— Letter from Reveille; Lo-
comotive Engineering— "The C. P. Huntington,*'
282
SCIENTIFIC PRO ORESS.— Condensation of Air
on the Surface of Platinum; Poplar Trees as Light-
ning Conductors; Curious Action of Electricity on
Iron; The Flight of Birds; Important Researches on
Explosive SubBtances; A Ready Method of Showing
the Absorption of Hydrogen by Palladium; Music
from Noise, 283.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS. —Railway Plat-
forms— A Crying Evil; A. Valuable Invention; An
Improvement for Laying Down Street Rails; Bending
Heavy Iron; Fire-Proof Pillars; What is Steel ? Brit-
tle Wire; Krupp Outdone, 283.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado and Arizona,
284-5.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— The White Streak
in Silk— An Interesting Discovary; Interesting Ex-
periments with Flowers; Color of the Chameleon;
Jelly from Old Boots, 287-
GOOT> HEALTH. — Worth Knowing, if True;
Pathological — What we Breathe; Delicate People;
Hygienic Boot Soles; A Heavy Dose of Mercury; A
Dog with the Measles, 287.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Cooking for Invalids;
To Weave Hair; Good Pie Crust; DresBed Mutton;
Dooghnuts, 287-
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 292.
MISCELLANEOUS. — New Mode of Marbling
Metal; Worms in the Teeth; Curious Effect of Cold;
A Home for All; What Constitutes a Perfect Home,
282- Hydrographic Surveying; Ventilation; The
Locomotive; Conversion of Locomotives into Sta-
tionary Engines and Boilers; Massachusetts Mines;
Sheet Metal Statuary; Simple Test for Lxibricating
Oils, 286.
Monthly List of Scientific Books.
[Published the first issue in evrty month.]
ATJTHOB. title. pbice.
Andree (J.), Draughtsmans' Hand-book of Plan
and Map Drawing $6 00
Nystrom {John W.) , Elements of Mechanics 4 00
Forney {M. N.), Catechism of the Locomotive,. 2 60
Wood (DeVolson), A Treatise on the Resistance
of Materials and an Appendix on Preserva-
tion of Timber 3 00
Braun (Alexander) , The Glacial Epoch of our
Globe — 25
Packard (J.), The Population of an Apple Tree. 25
Taylor (Sedley) , The Science of Music, or the
Physical Basis of Harmony 1 00
EasBie (P. B.), Wood and Its Uses; a Hand-book
for Contractors, Architects, Engineers, etc.. 1 60
Fleming (Howard), Narrow Gauge Railways in
America B0
Prescott (Albert B.), Chemical Examination of
Alcoholic Liquors. 1 50
Baird (Spencer F.), Annual Record of Science and
Industry for 1874 f 2 00
Beach (Alfred E.) , The Science Record for 1875... 2 60
Quatrefages (4. De) ,The Natural History of Man 1 00
The above list 1b compiled and the works are
for sale by A. L. Bancroft & Co., Scientific
Booksellers, 721 Market street, San Francisco.
The Interruption of Railroad Travel.
IE this journal was dependent upon its
Eastern exchange list for the matter to fill its
columns the editor would be compelled in this
issue to apologize for want, of "original" mat-
ter. The interruption to railroad travel
caused by the washing away of many miles of
the track of the Union Pacific road not only
kept back the mails but detained several
thousand passengers and a large quantity of
freight. The trouble occurred east of Green
river. The road-bed at this point is but an ele-
vation of the loose soil of the alkali desert,
which, as it became saturated with the heavy
rains and freshets from the mountains, turned
to mud, and, asitwere, meltedaway.
The vanguard of the detained travelers ar-
rived here on Sunday, the 25th inst, and they
have been pouring in ever since. There are,
we understand, over 2,000 westward bound
freight cars lying upon the side tracks east of
Green river. Those started from Omaha last
will be the first to come through, so that our
merchants will be put to some inconvenience
on account of the detention of expected goods.
The company is making strenuous efforts to
get the track in shape again, and it is probable
that the late ten days* embargo may be produc-
tive of good in causing them to put the road in
better and more durable condition..
California Fire Clay.
The constant and increasing rich disooverieB
that are being made in California are
not by any means confined to the richer
minerals. Gold and silver seem to be the most
sought after, as they are both precious metals
and their glitter exerts upon every human
mind a powerful attraction. But it should be
borne in mind by those engaged in mining,
that in prosecuting their researches itis very
possible the mine may contain other substances
of value. In Cerro Gordo mining district,
Inyo county, which is exceedingly rich' in ar-
gentiferous galena ores, there exist immense
beds of fire clay, Baid to be aB good as any ever
discovered in this country, the product of
which has been used in the Cupola furnaces in
that district for several years,, proving itself
equal to the best English fire clay.
The existence of good fire clay in the immedi-
ate neighborhood of rich mines like theme of
Cerro Gordo district, is of special importance
to the miner. It is also of great importance to
our iron- workers, and manufacturers of all
kinds who use furnaces. It is pleasant to
know that fire brick and clay can be made of
California material and so many dollars kept
at home. The prosperity of a State as well as
an individual is reckoned by what is saved, and
any article of commerce or consumption that
can be supplied at home is another leak stop-
ped.
This State has heretofore paid out half a mil-
lion dollars annually for English fire brick and
fire clay. It is to be hoped that the people in
Cerro Gordo district will turn their attention
to the manufacture of fire brick, and as it ex-
ists there in inexhaustible quantities, the clay
will be found almost, if not quite as great a
source of wealth as their silver. The demand
for this article is not at all limited, but as man-
ufactures "multiply and mines are developed,
the demand increases. Fire brick are worth
$40 per thousand and fire clay $20 per ton.
This important mineral wealth should not be
permitted to lie dormant any longer. The
Golden Gate plaster mill in this city recently
ground up ten tons of this Cerro Gordo clay,
and Selby's reduction works have also used
about 20 tons of California fire clay.
[Copyrighted.]
Short Lectures on Patents.
No. 2— By Jko, L. Boone, of Dewey & Co'e Mining and
Scientific Press Patent Agency.
In my former article. I pointed out the gen-
eral rules that govern patents for the protec-
tion of both the inventor and the public I
will now consider
What May be Patented.
As a rule, anything that is new and useful
can be patented. No matter how small and
insignificant the invention may at first appear,
so long as it can be shown that it possesses the
elements of novelty and utility, it can be made
the subject df a patent. Many of- our most
valuable patents cover inventions which appear
at first sight to be too insignificant to patent.
Many small ideas have been given to the
public by inventors,, because they thought
therja too simple to warrant the issue of a patent
covering them, which afterwards came into such
general use that their possession under a patent
would have been a fortune. Such an inven-
tion was the turning of the stamp and stamp
stem in quartz batteries, in order to cause the
face of the stamp to wear evenly. This inven-
tion can be 'found in use to-day in almost every
quartz mill in existence; yet it was never
patented.
If Howe had concluded that the idea of plac-,
ing the eye of the needle near the point was
too simple to patent, he never would have
accumulated the vast fortune he did, and per-
haps we would not have the sewing machine
to day in its present complete form. As a rule
the simplestinventione are the most valuable.
It requires less capital to place them before the
public, and the returns to the inventor are
more speedy, heDce they are more profitable
than more complicated inventions.
It frequently happens that an imperfect or
useless machine can be made of great value by
the addition of a simple improvement. To
own the patent for the improvement in such a
case is equivalent to owning the patent for the
entire machine.
"When an inventor has discovered that he can
do anything in a better manner than it was
done before, or produce a belter result, or can
obviate previous difficulties by means new and
not used before for the same or an analagous
purpose, he need not stop to ask whether the
device is too simple to patent. Sueh cases can
always be patented.
Attaining Perfection.
Few inventions are perfected by one inven-
tor single-handed, but they generally pass
thiough many hands before any degree of per-
fection is attained. That is, one man invents
the principle and gives it form and existence,
while many men are required to complete it
and give it the best form and adaptation. But
a small propoition of the patents issued from
our Patent Office cover original principles —
they are chiefly improvements, and as such
they are none the less valuable, none the less
useful to the world, as the one is necessary to
the other in order to benefit mankind.
The First Models
Of all our great inventions, the steam engine,
the sewing machine, the electric telegraph,
and numerous others— were but the crude em-
bodiments of the ideas which they represent,
and the credit of bringing them to their present
state of perfection must be awarded to im-
provers; and many of the points that enter
into their construction are extremely simple,
but none the lees valuable in the working econ-
omy of the machines. "Without them the
machines could not successfully or econom-
ically be operated, hence the patents covering
them are valuable and profitable.
When a person contemplates
Applying for a Patent,
His first step is to construct a model. The law
requires that this model be made inside of
twelve inches in size each way. Model making
is usually very difficult work. It requires
special tools and close workmanship. Few
inventors are mechanical enough to construct
their own models, especially if their inventions
are complicated. They therefore have to en-
trust their secrets to a model maker, or to per-
sons who are competent to construct models.
Some model makers are dishonest and attempt
to take advantage of the inventor, but I' be-
lieve such cases are exceedingly rare. Invent-
ors should be careful to have good witnesses to
their invention, or secure a caveat before they
entrust them to model makers, so that in case
of trouble they can prove priority.
Commissioner Fisher, however, stated in a
decision regarding the conflicting claims of an
inventor and a model maker, that "the office
always looked suspiciously upon the claims of
model makers where they conflicted with the
claims of another party, especially when the
model maker had been engaged to construct, a
model for the other party." If the inventor has
plenty of witnesses to his invention he need
have no fears of its being wrongfully taken
away from him permanently.
* Keeping Inventions Secret.
It is a great error of some inventors to sup-
pose that when they have made an invention it is
policy to keep it absolutely secret from all the
world for fear that some one will attempt to
claim it ahead of them. In European coun-
tries where patents are issued to first appli-
cants, and where first applicants are understood
to be first inventors, such a course would not
only be wise, but necessary, but in the United
States where the rights of the actual "inventor
are so strongly guarded, and where proof of
priority will even procure a second patent, it
is necessary that an inventor should exhibit
his invention to at least a few of his friends in
order to be able to establish priority in case of
trouble. Where an inventor attempts to keep
his invention a secret from every one, the great
danger is that some person might by stealth,
or by other means, obtain a knowledge of the
secret and apply for a patentin advance of him.
When this is the case it will be readily seen
that there is no hope for the secret keeper: he
has no witness or witnesses to call upon to es-
tablish his priority, he is powerless, and the
patent thief is absolutely safe. But if he had
taken a number of his friends into his confi-
dence, or if he had publicly and openly exhib-
ited his invention, so that all the world, for
that matter, might know who it belonged to
and who the inventor was, it would be a bold
man indeed who would attempt to claim it
in the face of such testimony. I am speaking
now of inventions which have been perfected
and represented either by a working model or
a machine, so that the inventor knows what he
desires to claim. It is not so, however, where
the inventor has merely conceived an idea
which he proposes to work into practical form.
In this case the law provides him protection
while he is experimenting upon his theory by
allowing him to
File a Caveat
In the patent office, and thus prevent a patent
from being issued to another person while he
is experimenting, without his being duly notified
and allowed to file his claim and demand an
interference. It would be well in such a case
even after the caveat is filed, for the inventor
not to explain his idea or theory too freely, as
such a course might
Stimulate Competition
And create unnecessary trouble, but when the
invention is perfected, the sooner the inventor
exhibits it to reliable witnesses the better it is
for him, and usually, as above stated, the more
witnesses the better.
[These lectures, with additional information
for inventors and patentees, will be issued in
book form by the publishers of this journal.]
Mining Laws and Foems.— i-The proprietors
of this journal have just published in pamphlet
form, the United States Mining Laws and Ef gu-
lations thereunder, together with the forms
required under the Act of May 10th, 1872, in
relation to locations, etc. These forms are
official, having been adopted by the land office.
The necessity has been felt of a compilation in
a cheap form of the laws of the United States
relating to mining, such as this pamphlet
furnishes. All the information most needful
to the miner will be found in its pages, and it
is placed at a price — 50 cents — which makes it
accessible to all. Those di siring copies can ad-
dress Dewey & Co., Publishers Mining and
Scientific Peess, 224 Sansome street, San Fran-
cisco.
Information for Miners.
We conclude this week a very long and de-
tailed article on hydraulio mining, which has
been running in the Peess Bince Nov. 28th, 1874.
The article is the most exhaustive one on the
subject ever written, and the author, Mr.
Waldeyer, has had such an extended practical
experience in the matter, that what he has
written is interesting not only to the general
reader, but to the practical miner. He has de-
scribed all the operations connected with hy-
draulic mining in detail, and the article is no-
ticeably free from any theories on any subject,
being confined principally to a description of
the proper methods and apparatus for working,
and succinct statements of facts connected with
the subject.
All the engravings with which this article
was illust-ated were made by our own engra-
vers, and we trust that they have been satis-
factory. The subject is such an important one
that we have given it considerable space, know-
ing that it would be appreciated by many of
our readers. The value of a single article of
this class is worth more to a miner than a
year's subscription to the Peess, and we shall
endeavor, as we have done, to obtain matter
of a similar character, from practical pens, for
the benefit of our readers. We will shortly
commence the publication of an article of in-
terest to quartz miners, giving hints on the
Washoe process, by J. M. Adams, M. E., of
Silver City, Idaho. It does not profess to be a
complete and systematic description of the
Washoe process. It contains no detailed
descriptions of machinery, no discussions of
chemical reactions, and but few explanations
of fundamental principles. It is addressed to
those who are supposed to understand theBe
things already, and therefore to be able to ap-
preciate the value of suggestions drawn from
practice.
If our mining friends would send us occa-
sionally word of any little improvements or
new things they may come across, which are
useful to them, they might also be useful to
others. We are always glad to publish any
practical suggestions that may come before us,
and urge our readers to Bpare' an hour or so
occasionally for the benefit of fellow- workers.
A knowledge of elegant diction is not neces-
sary. Put your ideas down in any shape they
come to you, and we will fix them up for pub-
lication. Miners and mechanics are too apt to
think that they cannot write and keep wha
they know to themselves. Cicero, in his let
ters to his son Marcus, in De Officiis, says th(
the person who gives a light from his torch 1
a traveler in darkness loses none of that ligl
himself, while at the same time he makes gla
the heart of him who was before in the darl
This iB_ as true now as it was when Cicero firfc'
wrote it, but the principle is too often loJ
sight of. Information can be imparted withoul
detriment to any one, which will be beneficial
to many. We hope our hint will be taken,
and that some of our readers will asBist us in
our endeavor to make the Peess as interesting
and valuable as possible.
Mariposa Estate.
A full force of laborers and miners has bfi
put at work on the new tunnel, near the Fu-
ton mills, on the celebrated Mariposa es*te.
This tunnel is expected to develop many fines
through which it will pass in its course t the
Pine tree vein. Workmen have alp re-
moved the rails and ties from the railrad on
Devil's gulch, and graded the bed so as^make
a good wagon road to the river, a wat long
felt. Mariposa county, although it 'Ossesses
many quartz V6ins outside of the Mariposa
grant, has of late years failed to street the
attention of quartz miners to the jxtent the
meiits of its ledges would desere. Among
the prominent mines not within th boundaries
of the grant are the Ferguson, (ovaed in Eng-
land), the Washington, Maxwel Creek and
Hite's Cove. The only prominen mines in the
county which have run with refilarity of late
have been the Hite's Cove and she Washing-
ton.
The new company which is operating the
Mariposa property is doing litie except run-
ning the tunnel mentioned aboie, which erters
at the Merced river, near the Cphir millB. It
follows the course of the Pine tree vein, but
keeps outside of the vein in the date or cointry
rock, which can be more cheaply excavited.
Several encouraging discoveries have been
made on the surface in various parts d the
grant. It is to be hoped that no further inter-
ruption of this work will occur until the unnel
reaches the lode, so that cross-cutting can be
done as soon as possible.
I
In the Dayton mine, on the Comsock, the
water in the shaft, instead of rising tothe drain
tunnel as expected, yet lacks over ^0 feet of
reaching that point, showing that th- strength
of the great reservoir is virtually exhausted.
It is reported that the grave of ?asquez has
been opened, and the head talpn from the
body and carried off.
May i, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
289
(Continued from Page 281)
i discharged, being received in a car, shrjte,
I or other conveyor, according to the construction
I of the mil).
The door in the back of the flue furnishet a
ready means for sampling and examining the
condition of the ore in its progressive stages,
and in norae cases the salt is not added to the
< ore until subsequent to desulphurizing, in
which case this flue door is conveniently used.
Other Uses of the Cylinder.
The cylinder has been found to givo excel-
lent results iu rousting the compound aurifer-
ous pyrite ores to be treated by the Plat tut- r pro-
cess, in which case a small quantity of charcoal
lis subsequently introduced to the charge, so as
! to facilitate the decomposition of the resultant
■alpha te of coppor. This form of cylinder is
undoubtedly well c > Iculated for the niauufac-
tore of soda from cryolite, roastiug cement,
j plaster of Paris, orea of zinc, lead, copper, etc.
In a word, it is admirably adapted to most
{roasting and reverberating furnace operations.
Cost, Weight and Capacity.
The cost of a cylinder, including its support-
ing and rotiting machinery, iron work for tire
tox, bolts for foundation, and all royalties on
Jpateuts, is about $2,000. The total weight of
Jibe foregoing parts is 16,000 pound-; the plac-
uog of the foundation and erection of brick
Iwork, for fire box, cylinder linings and dust
chambers, will vary greatly according to local
circumstances. 'The capac-
ity of a cylinder in twenty-
four hours is, as reported
by Mr. Ghas. E. Sherman
iand endorsed by B. O.
Cutter, tight to ten tons,
the chloridizing being np to
ninety-six per cent. These
■statements are based upon
-their experience at the
Caribou mill, Colorado.
\. D. Breed, Esq., pro-
prietor of the same mill,
uives the actual total cost
pf roasting and chloridiz-
ug as $5.50 per ton. This
I low cost tenders it feasible
.0 work with profit very
[low grade ores. This fur-
nace has been examined
ind favorably spoken of by
Prof. R. W. Raymond,
I United States mining commissioner; Clarence
; fong, in charge of Geological Survey of Fortieth
I Parallel; Guido Kustel, Burlingame.Superinten-
ipent Tennessee mill, Silver City, N. M. ; A.
Walters, Superintendent United States mint,
Boise City, Idaho; H. Stoetling, Territorial
[fLBsayer of Colorado; J. M. Locke, C. E.;
Prof. Dawley, Chas. E. Sherman; B. O.
Cutter and A. D. Breed, all of the
1 Caribou mill, Colorado. The manufacturers
hum for the furnace the following
I fcd vantages: first — a most thorough and uni-
form accomplishment of its work; second —
[ *, complete control of its action irrespective of
■he character of the material acted upon;
[■bird— a high per centage of chlorinations, and
i therefore, of yield, with ores of the precious
Ijaetals; fourth— low cost; fifth— little wear and
. par and ease of repairing; sixth — skilled labor
1 b not a requisite in its management; seven th —
he size of the apparatus permits it to be
I leadily adapted to the size of a mill by simple
[leduplication.
Perfecting Arrangements for the Tenth
Industrial Exhibition.
\ In the Pbess of April 17th we gave some
wticnlars of the additions low making to the
1 Mechanics' Pavilion and the extra inducements
t iffered by the Society in the way of premiums,
I tc, for the tenth exhibition, which opens on
Lie 17th of August, next. A meeting of the
I loard of Managers was held at their room in
Itbe Mechanics' Institute building, on Tues-
day evening, the 27th ult. Vice-President
V. B. Comrfiall presided, and most of the
I panagers were present. The Executive Com-
I pittee reported that the painting of the Pavilion
1 as been completed to their satisfaction, and
q accordance with the contract. Also that the
I [moke-stack and all out-door appurtenances of
t ingiues and boilers are being painted and put
a order. The Horticultural Garden Commit-
[ ae reported that a large number of plants and
I jrees have been purchased and placed in the
I jarden, and are doing finely. The importance
f a thorough and practical test of the powers
f f the different engines and machinery that
r pill be exhibited has been fully considered by
t he Board, and they have decided to adopt the
i frlan used by the Royal Agricultural Society of
t (Ingland, which is the most perfect and correct
I f any yet invented. The proper apparatus
i nd machinery will be made heie immediately,
; he estimated expense being $1,500. Plans
Ud detail drawings, of the same have been re-
vived from the office of the Engineer, London,
' ,y Mr. Jas. SpierB, Chairman of the Commit-
'ae. The Secretary, J. H. Culver, reported that
J j large number of applic.tions fur space have
I jeen received, and an exhibit of almost every
iroduct and manufacture of the Pacific coast,
swell as the raw materials, is already assured.
ja invitation was extended to the Photographic
1 Jt Society of the Pacific to use the art gallery
f the Pavilion for the National Convention of
'hotogr_phers to be held here in July next.
?he floor of the old horticultural garden will
e relaid, and the main 6haft extended two
undred feet. The additional area for machin-
ry will be 50x210 feet, gniog 10,500 square
set more than the former Fair did
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through
Dewey & Co. 's Miniho and Scientific Press
American and Foreign Patent Agency, the fol-
lowing are worthy of mention:
Steam Genebatob, Water Heater and Stiam
Motor Combined.— Sebra R. Mathewson, Gil-
roy, Santa Clara county, Cal. This invention
is intended to provide a general utility appar-
atus for farmers and dairymen. It consist* of
a steam generator, water heater and motive
power combined in one machine, and is pro-
vided with conveniences to adapt it to the
various uses to which it i* to be applied. A
case or shell is made of boiler iron or suitable
material. In the lower part of the shell is an
annulur chamber surrounding the furnace or
fireplace, and extending as high as the fire-
place. The boiler used is annular in shape,
and has an outride shell surrounding the out-
side and top and extending down in the tubular
space inside of it almost to the bottom, so as to
provide a space between boiler and shell. The
heat and products of combustion from the tire-
place, in order to pass out through the stack or
chimney at one side of the shell, is compelled
to pass up through the space between the
boiler and its shell, outside of the boiler, 1 hon
cord r. It consi-ts in the combination with a
plate screwed to the preaser foot of a sewing
machine, of a movable gauge, which ii made
adjustable in a slot in this plate so that it can
be instantly set at any point or reversed to
work from the opposite side. By setting the
murker at a point equal to the width ot any
tuck or line of quitting from the needle, it will
Berveas a guide to work by,until(as in quilting),
the work has accumulated to such an extent as
to be in the way. The bar is then Bimply re-
moved and inverted from the opposite side of
the Blot, ho that the marker stands at the other
side of the presser foot, when quilting may be
oontiuned. If the device is to be used as a
oorder it ' will only be necessary to set the
marker close to tne line of the cord, which can
then be stitched in accurately.
DkmijoitV Cask. — Carlton Newman, San
Francisco Glass Works, San Francisco. This
is an improved case or box for containing a
glass bottle or demijohn,, and inside of whioh
the bottle or demijohn is surrounded with a
suitable packing tor protecting it from the
effects of the jnrs and shocks to whioh it iB
snbjooted during transportation. The improve-
ment consists in so constructing the box or
case that it not only protects the bottle or dem-
ijohn from breakage, but will admit of its
ready removal from the case when desired. A
box of suitable size or shape for the demijohn
Sluice-washing of the future- T, II, III, taps; 1, 2, 3, auxiliary jets.
over its top and down its inside until it enters
the tubnlar space inside of the boiler. Thence
it passes around the motor before it reaches
the smoke stack. On top of the case is placed
a rotary engine surrounded by a case so as to
leave a spue ■ around it. This space communi-
cates with the space above the boiler upon
one side and with the space between
or bottle is taken and two of its sides are made
slightly higher than the body of the demijohn,
so that the neck will project above them; the
other two Bides are made to taper upwards in
the form of a gable, so that the gable will be
higher than the top of the bottle. The points
of the gables thus constructed are cut off to
provide a plane surface on which is received a
K^wm-ii 1L
\a lj. zi snDHjEjE^nrz. mtodiee
Pigr3. Transverse Section of Bruckner Revolving Furnace-
the boiler and outside shell upon the
opposite side, bo that the heat,*after pass-
ing around the boiler, will also pass around
the engine and thence to the smoke stack.
The apparatus is arranged so that the steam
may be cut off before it enters the engine and
turned through a branch pipe, or the exhaust
may be direoted through branch pipes and
conveyed to any desired point. A draw pipe,
with cock, leads from the annular water
chamber through the shell, so that hot water
can be drawn from the chamber when desired.
The inventor claims that the arrangement of
the machine is such that he greatlv. economizes
fuel by entirely surrounding the boiler with
the flue space so that the heat from the furnace
will pass entirely around it and then around
the engine before escaping, thus enabling the
apparatus to be worked economically. The
end of the smoke stack is covered with a double
netting, the inner netting being very coarse
while the outer one is fine, ho that any sparks
which pass through the inner or coarse netting
will lodge between the two, thus avoiding
danger from sparks. This -will be a specially
useful dairy power apparatus, and is mainly
arranged for that purpose.
Universal Gauge Qotlter and Cohder. —
George Vincent, Stockton, California. This
is an attachment for sewing machines which
the inventor calls a universal gauge quilter and
metal plate. On the outside of eaoh of the
gable ends and just belo'w the tbps'of the
sides is secured a wooden strip which extends
entirely across the ends of the case. The case
cover is constructed similar to the roof of a
building, with two sloping sides and a horizon-
tal top strip secured together by wooden braces or
gables. The cover fits down over the truncated
gables of the box case and the braces or gables
of the cover are placed far enough from the
ends of the cover to fit down inside of the box
gable3 and allow the horizontal top strip to
rest on the metal plate outside of them. The
sloping sides of the cover and these form a roof
for the case. A lock can be used, if desired,
to secure the cover to the sides of the
case. "When this cover is removed the entire
top' of the case is open, so that the kott'e
or demijohn can be removed without trouble.
The. outside strips serve as handles or gripping
pieces for the hand when moving the case
about. By this means Mr. Newman provides
a cheap and very convenient case for bottles,
which has the advantage of allowing the bottle
to be easily removed when desired.
The President of the French Geographical
Society has handed Minister Washburne the
gold medal presented by them to the family of
the late Captain Hall, in commemoration of his
exploration of the Arctic region.
Hydraulic Mining in California.
WO- »3.
Being then forced to acknowledge [that a
broad and shallow stream facilitates the catch-
ing of gold, we must ask why are .all our
sluice-boxes not constructed on the principle of
nnder-currents, wide and shallow? The answer
is that the heavy and large material (bowlders
and. pieces of hard clay or cement,) needs a
deep current of water 10 oarry it along.
If, therefore, a separation of the finer gravel
from these bowlders, etc., were effected, no
reasonable obstacle would remain to the appli-
cation of that priuciple in gold-washing wuioh
has been sanctioned by the practioe of thou-
sands of years, and which our modern time,
with all its advances in science, cannot improve,
but only imitate.
The practicability of such an application in
gold washing, even for the large- 1 hydraulio
operations, may be illustrated by the subjoined
sk» tch, which, though not executed with re-
gard to proportions, represents with sufficient
clearness a section of main flumes or sluices,
running on a grade of six inches per twelve feet,
and tapped erery 250 feet for its whole length.
The distance between tap I and tup II would,
therefore, be 250 feet, and between tap
I and tap III 500 feet. The platforms havo
only a grade of four inches per twelve feet,
and the gain in bight by this lessened grade
wo ild be for a distance of
250 feet about 3^ feet,
which gain is spent iu a
drop at tap II, where a
larger platform receives
the strained gravels of taps
I and II. Where the gravel
.and water drop off is in-
serted a deep, strong box,
well charged with quick-
silver. To the bottom of
this box an iron pipe is
led, which discharges a
stream of water under a
regulated -hydrostatic pres-
sure and in adjustable
quantities.
In this way the quick-
silver would be kept
always in motion, and the
gravel itself would be sub-
jected to an excellent crush-
ing process. (,See sketch, pipe .1. J Pipes 2
and 3 inject streams of pure water. under the
grating to keep the box olear, and* to supply
also more water to wash the gravel over the
widened plat'ormB.
This process may be repeated for the whole
length of the sluice-boxes. The size of the
gravel may be reduced by repeated straining,
as described above.
The undeniable advantages of this mode of
working can be stated in a few words:
First. All the fine gravel and sand, in which
most of the fine or rusty gold is carried off,
will be submitted to a continuous washing over
under-current platforms, without ever being
returned to the main sluices. The reduced
grade on these phi1 forms is equalized by an
addition of pure water, which will permit an
easier settling of the gold than a swift and
muddy stream. '
Secondly. Repeated drops, connected with a
strong hydraulic jet, will do a great deal for the
scouring of rusty gold and the general break-
ing up of the washed material.
Thirdly. A reduction - of the gravel to the
smallest size can be easily attained by repeated
straining as mentioned before, so that the
largest pebble would only equal a pea in size.
To prevent this fine-gravel wash from "bak-
ing" requires only a very simple arrangement.
A frame-work resembling a common harrow
can be placed on the top of the platform, the
teeth downward, and touch with their points
the riffles of the platform. This arrangement
would secure the breaking of the* stream at a
hundred or more points, and could be removed
and replaced at a moment's warning. (See
engraving.)
Where motive power can be procured as
easily as on large sluice-boxes running a large
and rapid stream of water, this barrow might
be put in slow motion by an undershot-wheel,
the frame of the harrow running on rollers
upon the sides of the platform.
This sort of machinery is the simplest in con-
struction, and could be used, perhaps, with
great beneficial effect, and without that wear
and tear which anymore complicated machin-
ery would suffer by the treatment of such
an enormous quantity of material as continually
passes over the long line of platforms.
The writer submits the foregoing sugges-
tions, trusting not only to gain the favorable
judgment, but also to arouse the inventive
energy of those to' whom we owe already the
present advanced condition of the art of hy-
draulic mining.
Condensed from an article by Charles Waldeyer, in
the last Annual Report of the TJ. S. Commissioner ot
Mining Statistics.
In the Globe consolidated mine on the Corn-
stock the Btesdy, strong flow of water from the
main west drift on the 400-foot level has stoppt d
all work in that portion of the mine at present.
When the ledge was cut by the south cross
drift the burst of water was so great that it was
with difficulty that the workmen escaped with
theirtools. The water imn.edia.tely filled the
drift and station, and raised twelve feet above
the station in the Bhaft, at which point it Btill
remains.
290
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC. PRESS.
[May i, 187*1 H
banking.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LrMTTF.D.
Successors to J. Seligman & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
Ban Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capitafstock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, $1,600,000.
Remainder subject to call.
DrBECTOBB in London— Hon. Hugh McOutloch, Renben
D. Bassoon, William P. Scholfleld, Isaac Seligman, Julius
Sin&ton.
F. F. LOW and IGXATZ 8TEINHABT,
h San Francisco.
The Bank is now prepared to open accounts, receive de-
Eisits, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and issue
otters of Orediti available throughout the world,, and to
loan monev on proper securities. 2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SA.W FBANCISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars:
O. W. KEtloaa President,
H. F. HASTINGS.. Manager.
B. N. YANBBTJNT.,.,. Oashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street San Francisco.
KOUMTSE BROTHER, BANKERS,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, upor
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4y27tf w O. MAKE, Director.
uti£ip$ directory.
OILKI U. OBAT. JiMKrJ H. HAVBH.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEY S AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Inanrance Co.. N. H. corner Call
lorcia and Leldesdorff streets,
SAW FBANOISfJO. ____
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429 Montgomery Street*
. W, corner Sacramento,
Baive unatruments made, repaired and adjusted
JOSEPH; GrILLOTT'S
STBELPEllvrS.
Sold by all pBnlera throughout the World.
VH. BARTL1HQ.
HK5KT KIMBALL.
BABTLlNa & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Sulera and Blank Book Manufacturers.
505 Clay street, (southwest cor. Sausome),
6vl2-Sm SAN FSANCI8CO
benjamin; morgan,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office,! 715 Clay Street, S. F.
Befers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
Boots Published by
A. ROMAN & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Price.
THE RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA. 3y John
S. Hittell. Sixth Edition, rewritten. "The
most complete and comprehensive work of the
kind."
One volume, 12mo., cloth... $1 75
One volume. 12mo., paper 1 25
NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA PROCESSES OF
GOLD AND SILVER EXTRACTION. By Guido
Kustel. The best practical work on the subject,
8vo., cloth 4 00
8vb., leather 5 00
LEGAL TITLES TO MINING -CLAIMS AND
WATER RIGHTS IN CALIFORNIA. By Gregory
Yale. 8vo., leather 5 00
TREA.TISE ON SILK AND TEA CULTURE AND
OTHER ASIATIC INDUSTRIES, Adapted to the
soil and climate of California. By T. A. Kendo.
Iliemo. cloth 50
SULPHCRETS. "What they are, how Concen-
trated, how Assayed, and how Worked, with a
chapter on the Blow-pipe Assay of minerals. By
Wm. Barstow, M. D. 12mo., cloth l
A liberal discount to Booksellers and Newsdealers
from the above prices.
Any of the above works will be sent, postage pre-
paid, on the receipt of the price, by the publishers,
A. ROMAN & CO., No. lLMontgomery St., S. F
eow-bp
Ant Pebbon receiving this paper after giving an
order to stop it, may know that Buch order hue failed
to reach us, or that the paper is continued inadver-
tently, and they are earnestly requested to send writ-
ten notice direct to us. We aim to stop the paper
promptly when It is ordered discontinued. tf
OVER $3,-£5 0 0 PER MONTH SAVED
BY THE USE OF
Hendy's Improved Amalgamator and Concentrator
Can be seen at trie Manufactory. No. 32 Fremont Street, San Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO, April 27, 1872.
JOSHUA HENDY, Esq.— Dear Sir.— As a practical miner and millman, I take pleasure in, recommending the
use of your Concentrators in all mills where gold or silver ores are reduced. No mills should be without them,
for the following reasons:
1st. They are good sizers (no perfect concentration in pulverized ores can be effected without first sizing) .
2d. The best Concentrator I have ever known — (the concentrated stuff only containing 5 per cent, of sand) .
3d. They are good amalgamators, light (feathery) particles of amalgam aud particles of coated gold by at-
trition are brightened, and from their specific gravity and the action of the pan, fall to the bottom aud adhere.
4th. They require but little power and attention to run them, and with ordinary care will last for years.
I have been familiar with the workings of your Concentrators for four years pasti have run them myself in
the North Star Mine, Grass Valley; am familiar with their practical workings on the Empire Mine, Grass Valley;
St. Patrick, PlacerCo.; St. Lawrence, El Dorado Co.; Oaks and Reese, Mariposa Co., and most cheerfully give
you this testimonial. For further information you are at liberty to refer to,
Youtb respectfully, JAS.. H. CR0S8MAN, M. E.
409 California street, or Cosmopolitan Hotel.
SAN FRANCISOO, February 10, 1874.
Office Supebintendent of Kevstone Con. M. Co., Amabor, Amador County.
MR. J. HENDY — Dear Sir; — In answer to your inquiries as to your Concentrators furnished our company
last July, I ^rould say that I am more than pleased with them; and the saving to the company has been over
$3,500 per month more than with the Blankets and buddies formerly in use. O. C. HEWITT, Supt.
OFFICE SUMNER MINE, Kernvtt.t.e, April 27, 1874.
J. HENDY, Esq. — Dear Sir; Having four of your Concentrators in use at our Mills for four or five monthB,
which for saving Amalgam and for concentrating Sulphurets, are a success, beyond a doubt, I feel it a duty
due you and those interested in Quartz Mills, to recommend them.
As further evidence of their worth, I now order TWELVE more of your Machines for our new Mill, now in
course of erection. E. R. BURKE, Superintendent.
For description send for Circular.
Office and Works, 32 Fremont street.
JOSHUA HENDY, San Francisco.
9v28-lm-ti
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS.
3"S
d ^ ,2
2a
£ 3
8 a
%
Examiner of Jltines, Mineral A.ssayer, Etc.
Author of the "Explorers', Miners1! and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth) ; $1% (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
at the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fair of 18C9.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, §100.
BAILEY'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE PLANES.
THIRTY DIFFEEfeNT 8TYL.K8.
Smooth, Jack, Fore, Jointer, Block and ircular Planes.
MANUFACTURED OF BOTH
IRON AND WOOD.
85,000
Already Sold.
MANUFACTURERS:
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY.
Factories: New Britain, Conn. Warerooms: 35 Chambers Street, New York.
r
,3
»I
THE PACIFIC COAST
12 Per Cent.
cozlstsols.
Interest Payable Monthly, in Gold ami
Silver.
A MINING, REAL ESTATE AND LAN!
COMPANY.
Incorporated February 12th, 1875.
Capital Stools:, $37,000,000
. IN CONSOL SHAKES OF $1 EACH,
Of which 13,500,000 shares constitute the 8inking am
Investment Fund. Interest payable monthly at th
rate of 12 per cent, per annum. Certificates of CON
SOLS shares receivable at their par value in exchange
for any Mining, Real Estate or Landed Property of th
Company.
T.PHELPS, " ' w. R. REYNOLDS
B. M. FETTER, L. K. GOODMAN
j. h. Bates. .
Certificates of CONSOLS only issued at the rate ant
proportion of 60 per cent, of the cash valuation -o
property to be represented in CONSOLS 6hares. Divi
dend paid from profits and sales ofhproperty. and onl,,
on shares of CONSOLS that have been iBsued for prop-
erty valued and entered on the boots of the Company
Principal Office, 526 Kearny Street.
Principal Depository Agency,- Bank, San Fran
cipco.
Depository Agencies for payment of interest on CON
SOLS will be established in the principal cities in thi
United States and Canadas, and'in London, as when re
quired.
Interest payable on the 5th of each month at any De
pository Agency of the Company.
Certificates of interest-bearing CONSOLS, Class A
First Series, isBued for Mining Property in Washoei „li
Storey and Lyon counties and on the ©omstock Lode, i ra
in Nevada, will be ready for-delivery to Bubacriben; i!
snd purchasers on or before April 10th 1875. '■£
Orders for not lees than one hundred shares of CONi *j
SOLS, with the purchase money required ($1 pei
share), may be sent through Wells, Fargo & Co.'s.a
our expense. No certificate of stock iBBued for lt*i
than twenty shares. All orders niu6t be addressed
"Orace of the CONSOLS M. R. E. and L. Company, 521..,
Kearny street, San Francisco."
T. PHELPS, President.
apr3-sa-bp W. S. REYNOLDS, Secretary.
ill'
0*S*L!>
FQR SALE BY ALL HARDWARE DEALERS.
rSend for descriptive Circulars, embracing a full assortment of Improved Tools. I
21v28-lBm-ly
This is a Sure Cure for Screw "Worm,
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep^
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred sheep,)
so that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im*
proved h*ealth of their flocks.
This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according)
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which1
have heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, giving! —
full directions for its use, also certificates of prominent)
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective and reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred ^.'j
diseases in Sheep. mr!3-bp a
SI
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
W. BREDEMEYER,
MIINI1VG,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL STJRVETOB. i
- Salt Lak<\ TJ. 1\
Working Plans dMd Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; .will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For PlanB and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of ShaftB. P. O. Box 1167.
Subbcbibebs who by mistake get two copied of this
paper, should notify us without delay.
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER.
TBADE A MAJRKl.
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice is given to consumers and shippers
that Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL., or hie duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B. RANDOL, Manager,
New Almaden, April 5th, 1875.
Thursday Noon our last forms, go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week In advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
CATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory's Diamond
Catarrh Remedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., opposite Palace Hotel. Sold by all drug-
gists.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
• 15 to 20
pounds.
BRAHMAS, GAMES
HOUDANS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed bo as to hatch afler arrival on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal
(PleaBe state where you saw this ndvertiement.]
Emden Geese
40 to 60 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAM8
'. Blaoe
CAYUGA DUCKS.
IBIS 11%
*■•.!■
(flay i, 1875. J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
291
Machinery.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
EXTTtA HEATT AM> lOTBOVED PaTTESKS,
UTNAM MAO'IIUVE CO.,
MaNUVACTUBEB.
IT1IK3. PLANERS. DURING MILLS, DHILL8,
BOLT CUTTERS. DODBCE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, BLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND GEAR
COTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE A LACY,
310 California Street, S. P
DWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
inufaetiircrs of ENGINE LATHF.S. 4H Inchon swing
d smaller; VERTICAL BORING HACHINKS, m,U-
le fur Jobbing and boring Cur Wheels; UPRIGHT
1ILL8, 38 Inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
'Ah.
00R. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
M. HAWKINS. T. G. CANTRELL
~r~
"THE DANBURY"
[DRILL CHUCK.
The Favorite Everywhere*
Send stamp lor circular.
|Th9 Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
Jp. 8. — These Chucks aro now on hand and for sale
■ manufacturer's prlceB by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
> IRON AND STEEL
IDROP I FORGING.
I Of Every Description, at Reasonable Prices.
I Tha Hull & Belden Company, D anbury, Ct.
Ij STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
Iron. 3 to 75-borse power. Shafting, Pulleys, HolstGears.
mrt 7. Mills, Water Tanks, Span.Hh AraBiras, Pumpa and
llpea. Hepbnrn and Bolden Pans, and. old kinds of Ma-
IRnery for halo at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
266 Brannan street, S. F.
Highest cash prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
CRANK PLANERS.
ISuperior Design and Workmanship, Eztra Hewy (14.00 lb.
DOWN, ANGULAR So CROSS-FEED,
TO i'LANK l'ixlGxlS.
jThe Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are Durable, Compaut iiml
Cheap.
For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGrZDZEIsr,
310 California Street. SAN FRftNCl'O.
\*<\\. » \— SUCCESSORS TO EAGLE WORKS M.r.G. CO. '.(f^V
mm*"— <;-
1L°»ICENTRATI0M
l°uR MIU.. fJjS^UNj
, I mill' - 1
^ ^OASTINQCYUHDEB
TGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
is decided merit.*. Its Beauty, Compactness,
rength. Durability, Economy in' Fdel, Ease in Hand-
{ ib, and SmalKSpace required attract the Buyer, and
e Price readily concludes the Sale.
BST t 'nil and see it or send for Circulars.
M.KEELER& CO., Agts.,306|Cal. St., S.E
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May S6, 180S.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDEK, NO. 1,
For sard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GrIAJVT POWDER, IVO. S,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from SO to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
1&~ The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v32-3m!6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
Averill Chemical Paint,
MANUFAOTtJKED BT THE
Oil I- Chemical Paint Co.
PURE WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY FOR
APPLICATION — requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not spoil by standing any length of time.
It Is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces a more Beautiful Finish than the beBt of any
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and will
last, twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, state whether for Outside or In-
side use, as we manufacture- an InBido White (Flat) for
inside use, which will not turn yellow, and produces
a finish Buperlor to any other White known.
Put up in H, >3, 1,2 and 5 gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price List, or apply to the office.
OFFICE and DEPOT: FACTORY:
117 Pine Street, near Front. Cor. 4th & TownBend Sts.
3v9-eow-bp-ly
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
SANBORN & BYRNES,
"DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMHEB.
IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIN.
Strikes Blow Heavy or Ligut, Fast on Slow.
Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1875.
The Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct,
rittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stovesand Metals. Tinners' Goods, Tools aod Machines;
111 and 11 • California St., 17 and 19 Davis St., San Fran-
tfiBf;o. and 178 J St., Sacramento. mr .-ly
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Fraucitco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kindB of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
MACHINERY.
Iron and Wood-working Machinery, Wood Planers,
Lathes, Mitre and Cutting-off Saws, Iron Turning and
Screw Cnttlng LatheB, Pinners, Shapers and Drilling
Machines, Screw and Scroll Chucks, from the best
maker if, always on hand and for sale cheap by
NEYLAN & YOUNG,
max27eow 18 & 50 Spear Street, S. F.
For Washing: and Cleaning: Purposes.
For Sale by all Grocers.
This article is universally used in Europe, and, recenty
introduced for general family nse in San Francisco and
neighborhood, is already in great demand. It la now the
intention of the manufacturers to introduce it all overtbe
PaciUc Ocast, at prices which will bring it within the reach
of every household. ,
It is unequalled for oleanslnR.Woolen Fabrics, Cutlery,
Carpets or Orockary ; for Scrubbing Floors, Washing Paint,
Removing Grease Spots, Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water soft, and imparts a delightful sense of
coolness after washing.
DIRECTIONS.— For Laundry, use two to four tablc-
spooonfuls to a washlnb of wtiter. For bathing, use one
tablespoonf ul in the bath tub. For removing grease spots,
apply with a brush, undiluted, and wash wit|i water after-
ward. For stimulating the growth of plants, use a few
drops In every pint of water used in watering,
PRICE. -Per Pint Bottle, 25 cents: per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents; per Half Gallon, Ih cents.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA forchemlcal pur-
pose, fi'ruliziii'.-', and the preparation of artificial manures.
AMMON1AOAL PREPARATION, for the prevention and
removal of boiler scale. CRUDE AMMONIA, for general
manafacturing. and PURK LIQUOR and AQUA AMMO-
NIA for chemicul and pharmaceutical purposes.
0^*Manufactured by the
SAN FRANCISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowbp
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
433 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Painted at contract prices, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors, Gents'Furnish'g' G'ds,
Bootmakers, .Furniture Dealers,
Hatters, Jewelers,
Hotels, Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants. Etc., Etc.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full inferma-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v26-tf .
(Metallurgy and Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 ami 614 Washington street, SAN FRANCISCO
We would call toe special attention' of Asaayera
CLomiRtK, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chamical Apparatus,
Having been engaged In furnishing these supplies Hint*.
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
■ST Our Gold and Sliver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tableB for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v2r3-tf JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
i tit-Me ,'! fteti t i,c» Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no enuol. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed In the most perfect manner
and of the great number now In operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows;
The pan being filled, the motion of the mailer forces
the pAlp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding, surfaces.—
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it Is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill* men are Invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.'
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Flans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
' Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTTHN,
C. A. LTJCKHARDT.
Mining- Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODG-ERS, METER & CO.,
COMIVIISSION MERCHANTS,
ADVANCES MADK
On «ll binds of Orel, and particular attention
PAID TO
OOJVS1GNHRNTH OF «OOM,
*vl«-3m
Instructions in Assaying,
Clieiuk-al Analysis, .Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENET G. HANKS
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery Street, up-stairs. TEEMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KITH, . .
(Formerly of the U. 8; Branch Mint, S. F.)
Assayer and 5,tetq,Hnrerica3
CKTJEM.TST,
No. All Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U. S. Branch Mint .
SAN Francisco Oal. 7v21-3to
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY JMTT0N DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
ounce Duck.
Flax. Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVTS STKEET,
BAN FEANCIS0O, OAL,
292
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May i, t87 "c
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled, every Thursday from. Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press aaa
other S. F. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Amt. Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale-. Secretary. Place of Business.
American Flag M i M Co
Washoe
7
50 Mar 26
May 4
May 28
Geo R Spinney
820 California st
Washoe
h
1 00 April 10
May 14
C A S anker
Atlantic & Pacific Cons M Go Cal
III
ft Mar 9
April 14
May 3
A Noel
419 California si
Bacon M A M Co
Washoe
3
50 Mar 9
April 12
May 19
Mayl
Edward May
■119 California si
Baltimore Cons M Co
Washoe
H
1 00 April 12
' June 7
C A Sankey
331 Montgomery st
320 California st
Booth G M Co
Cal
1ft Mar 31
May3
May 25
Oeo B Spinney
Chariot Mill <t M Co San Diego Co Cal
3
25 April 17
May 22
June 14
F Swift
■419 Calif ornia si
Chief nfthB Hill M Co
Washoe
«
05 Mar 26
May 21
May 27
Charles S Neal
419 California si
Chollar-Potosi M Co
Washoe
ti
ft 00 April 14
May 18
June 8
W E Dean
413 California si
Daney O A S M Co
Wash«e
i:i
511 Mar 22
April 28
May 20
May 20
Geo R Spinney
320!California st
Eurona M Co
Washoe
:i
25 April 14
Jnne 8
R B Noyes
4 18 'California st
Globe Cons M Co
Washoe
ft
75 Maris
April 22
May 12
J Maguire
419 "California st
Golden Chariot M Co
13
2 00 Mar %
April 12
May 18
Mayl
L Kaplan
Hale <fc Norcross S M Co
Washoe
Ifi
5 00 April 13
Jnne 9
J F Liphtner
436 California st
Independent G M Co
Cal
.1
50 Mar 18
April 19
May 10
Geo T Grimes
240 IBsnteomery st
washoe
M
3 00 Mar 18
April 20
May 20
J S Kennedy
merchants' Ex
K K Cans M Co Eureka Nevada
1 00 April 2
May 6
May 9
B B Minor
&\% California st
Knickerbocker M Co
Washoe
1?.
150 April 27
Mav29
June 18
J H S&yre
i&tevenson's Bldg
Lady Bryan M Co
Washoe
«
50 Mar 18
April 19
May 21
Mav 7
Frank Swift
419 California st
Lady Washington M Co
Washoe
3
50 April 17
June 8
H C Kibbe
439 California st
Mexican G ASM Co
1
50 Mar 22
April 26
May 14
J W A Co I p man
419 California st
Monitor Belmont M Co
Nevada
50 Mar 16
April 19
May 25
May 17
W W Hopkins
New York M Co
4
1 00 April 22
June 12
H C Kihbe
119 California st
Niagara G Jt S M Co
Washoe
I
50 April 16
Mav 19
JuneS
W R TownBend
330 Pine fit
Overman S M Co
31
3 00 Mar 16
April 20
May 10
Geo D Edwards
Pinche- West Extension M Co Washoe
7
1 00 Mar 10
April 17
May 7
T L Kimball i
Prussian G A 8 M Co
Washoe
4
50 Mar 24
May3
May 22
R H Brown
■4*2 Montgomery st
Ravmond A Ely M Co
Pioche
4
5 00 April I
1 00 Mar 11
May 10
June ft
J W Colburn
418 California st
Rock Island GASMCo
April 15
May 31
May 7
J W Clark
Savage M Co
Washoe
R
5 00 April 27
June 19
E B Holmes
413 California st
Stiver Cord ft Co
Idaho
S
1 00 April 24
May 31
June 21
C BHisrgins
4D8 Montgomery st
South Chariot M Co
13
ftO Mar 30
May 4
May 25
O £5 Botrart
402 Montgomery st
Merchants1 Ex
South r omet ock GASMCo Washoe
2
25 ApriU
May 12
May 31
J II Boffiopton
Snccor M & M Co
II
50 April 8
May 13
June 3
W a Watson
Ward Reecher Con3 M & M Co Nevada
4
30 Feb 27
April 8
May 6
D A Jennings
401 California st
Wells Fargo M Co
Wasnoe
1
, 10 Mar 17
April 21
May 10
O A Sankey
331 Montgomery st
Woodville Cons S M Co
Washoe
1
1 00 Mar 2ft
April 28
Mav 17
W M Helman
401 California st
Yellow Jacket S M Co
Washoe
at
5 00 April 7
Mav 11
Jnne 11
G w Hopkins
Gold Hill Nevada
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE L
STS OF THE BOARDS.
Alhambra Q M Co
Cal
1
5 Mar 21
April 26
May 12
May IS
R Von Pfister
* Merchants' Ex
Annie Belcher Quicksilver M Co Cal
I
20 April 10
May 31
J MBufflnijton
Arizona A Utah M Co
Washoe
IK
75 Mar 18
April 22
!tlar22
May 12
Benjamin M A M Co Lyon Co Nevada
•I
10 April 14
Jnne 14
I* Leayitt
401 California st
Booth GMCo " Placer Co Cal
1
15 Mar 31
Mav 3
May 25
G R Spinney
310 California Pt
California ConaM A M Co
Cal
50 April 1
May 3
May 18
J W Tripp
-J M BurflnRton
Cascade Blue Gravel M Co
Cal
•I
10 Mar 8
April 13
May 29
Mav 3
Merchants' Ex
Cherokee Flat Blue Gravel M Co Cal
3)
5 April 23
June 19
O H Bogart
41)2 Montgomery st
310 Kearny st
Chicago Quicksilver il Co
Cal
1
10 AorilO
May 10
Mav 31
•G R Cottrell
Cal
■1
10 Mar 17
April 26
May 26
Mar 17
Wm Small
531 California st
r0e G M Co Graes Valley Cal
1
60 April m
Jnne 16
A Treadwell
Combination G A S M Co
Inyo Co Cal
li
10 April 22
May 27
June 18
D Wilder
Merchants' Ex
Edith Q M Co
Cal
3
30 MarlO
April 22
May 27
Mav 14
Wm Stuart
llJLiedesdorffut
El Dorado Slate Co
Cal
2
25 April 26
Jnne 11
Hugh Elias
4I< Montgomery st
Eioelsior Q M Co
Cal
25 Mar20
April 26
May 15
R Von Pfister
Merchants' Ex
FresnoQSMCo
Cal
1
25 Mar 2
April 10
Mays
R Wegerifcr
Ford H Rogers
414 California st
Geyser Q S M Co
Cal
1
50 Marlft
April 23
May 16
Golden Crown M Co
Cal
•I.
5 Mar3n
Mayl
May 20
Daniel Buck
Gold Mountain M Co Amador Co Cal
J5 Mar 26
April 24
May 10
W Aug Knapp
O O Palmer
H6Leide8dortfst
Gold Run M Co I
evada Co Cal
Idaho
11
2
15 April 7
50 Mar 22
May 10
April 27
June 4
Illinois Central M Cn
Mav 20
R H Brown
International G M Co
Cal
1
15 Mar 1
May 5
May 24
J MBuffinc'on
Kentucky G & S M Co
Washoe
ft
2" Mar 18
Anril 28
May 22
R Goldsmith
10 "i Sansome st
Lake Countv Q S M Co
Cal
ft
10 MarlO
April 15
Mai 4
ABaird
"J1S California sr
Los Prietos M Co
■ Cal
2
50 Mar 6
April 12
May 13
May 3
S H Smith
Magenta S M Co Grass Valley Cal
2
50 April 9
June 1
L Kaplan
Merchants' Ex
Cal
1 00 Mar 10
May 13
Martin 4 Walling MitHCo Cal
50 April 24
May 2-t
June IS
B F Hickox
403 California st
Missouri Q M Co Sonoma Co Cal
1
25 April 16
May 17
June 7
F H Rogers
330 Pine »t
Monumental M Co
Washoe
1
25 April 17
May 19
June 8
w KTowhsend
330 Pine st
New York Cons M Co
Washoe
la
1 60 April 22
May2>
June 12
H C Kibbe
419 California st
North Bloomfield Gravel M Co Cal
U
1 00 April 14
Mav 12
June 6
Thos Derby
320 California st
Orleans MCo
Cal
3
1 00 Mar 16
April 21
May 10
J F Ne«mith
Orleans M Co Grass Valley Cal
4
1 00 April 27
75 Mar 4
June 1
June 22
Geo P Thurston
315 California st
Pauper M Co
Rocky Bar M Co
Idaho
4
April 10
May 27
May 3
W F Bryant.
402 Montgomery st
Washoe
10 April 22
June 17
J P Cavallier
Ricky BarM Co
1
10 Maf 3
April 14
May8
J P Cavallier
513 California at
Silver Peak M Co -
Washoe
fi
50 Mar 29
Mav 6
May 28
G T Graves
24A Montgomery st
Silver Sprout M Co
Cal
5 Feb 17
April 17
Mays
June 17
T B Winuard
318 California st
Stanislaus River M Co
Cal
ft
40 April 1
May 22
W Stuart
113 Leidesdorff st
St Helena G A S M Co
Napa Co Cal
1
20 April 17
May 20
Jnne 10
R Von Pfister
Merchants' Ex
StPanlGASMCo
Napa Co Cal
1
10 April 17
May 20
June 10
R Von Pfister
Merchants' Ex
Theresa M A M Co
Cal
20 Mar 13
April 24
May 11
B F Hickson
408 California st
Utah S M Co
Washoe
2 00 Mar 19
April 21
Mayll
W E Dean
419 California st
Virginia Cons M Co
Inyo Co Cal
10 April 21
1 00 Mar 25
June 1
June 2S
T B Wingard
W M Herman
318 California st
Woodville G A; S M Co
Washoe
<t
April 23
May 17
401 California st
10 April 27
TINGS TC
M
EE
) BE
HELD.
Name of Co.
Location.
Secretary.
Office
inS-F.
"Meeting
Date.
J P Moore
426Ca
ifornia st
Mav
Chrysopolis G A S M Co
Cal
A Noel
419 Cal
fornia st
Annual
May 6
Idaho
Wm Willis
419 Ca'
fornia st
May 10
Enreka Coal M Co
S Pattee
323 Ca
i forma st
Franklin M Co
Wm H Watsoo
302Montj
'omery st
Mar 21
Globe Cons M Co
Washoe
Called by Trusteei
419 Ca
ifornia st
Special
Aprils
La Grange Ditch A Hydraulic Co Cal
A Halsey
Win G Hughes
200 S
naome st
Annual
Maya
Magan M Co Calaveras Co Cal
106 Leic
JGdorffst
Annual
Mav )U
New Idria M Co
Cal
E Mickle Over Bank of
jalil ornia
April 26
Merc
Lints Ex
May J
Original A Hidden Treasure M Co Nev
D A Jennings
401 Ca
ifornia st
Annual
;May4
Pioche S M Co
Ely Dist
OhosE Elliott
419 Ca
ifornis st
May 3
Pioche Weat Ex M Co
Ely District
T L Kimball
409 Ca
ifornia st
Special
May?
Scorpion S M Co
"Washoe
Wm H Martin
534 Cal
ifornia st
Annual
May 10
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
nonths
r- MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Location.
Secretary.
Office
inS. !F.
Amount.
Payable.
Belcher M. Co.
H.
O. Kibbe.
419 Ca
ifornia st
3 00
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M A M Co
Cal
w L Oliver
25
Cal
Frank Swift.
4.9 Cal
fornia flt
40
Nov 16
Cons Virginia M Co
Washoe
Washoe
Charles H Fish
C E Elliott
401 Ca
414 Ca
ifornia st
10 00
Apr 12
Crown Point M Co
ifornia st
200
Diana M. Co..
N.
Q. Easset.
>0 Clay st.
1 00
Enreka Consolidated M Co Nev
WWTraylor
419 Cal
ifornia st
80
Excelsior M A M Co
Frank Swift
419 Ca
ifornia st
1 00
Jefferson S M Co
C A Lankey
331 Monti
409 Ca
fomery st
50
April 15
Mar 5
Rye Patch M Co
Nevada
D F Verdenal
ifornia st
• 50
Sales at S. F. Stock Exchange.
Eatents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of 0." S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fbom Official Befobts fob the Mining and Soien-
ttfio Prebs, DEWEY & 00., Publishebs and
U. S. AND FOEEION PATENT AGENTS.]
By Special Dispatch. Dated Washington.
D. O., April 27, 1875.
Fob Week Enjhng Apeil 13, 1875.
Hay Pbess. — John Dugan, S. F., Cal.
Cibculab Saw Mill. — Frank M. Covell, Los
Gatoe, Cal.
Gas-Btjrneb fob Heating Purposes. — Anatole
Ehret, S. F., Cal.
Saw Set. — Bobt. J. Granville, Astoria, Oregon.
Ice Manctacttjee and Machine. — Samnel B.
Martin and John M. Beath, S. F., Cal.
Hydraulic Jack. — Eneas M. Dudgeon, S. F
Cal.
Printer's Type Case. — Lucten A. Martin S F
Cal.
Re-issue.
Carbubetting Apparatus. — Edwin J. Fraser
S. F., Cal.
*The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office nntil some 14 dayB after the date of issue.
Note.— Oopiea of TJ. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dkwbv s Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and in the shortest possible time.
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk' s Office at San Fran-
cisco:
Grant Gap Gravel M. Co,, April 22.— Location: Iowa
Hill, Placer county, Cal. Capital 6tock, $4,000,000.
Directors— J. M. Pike, J. K. Garness,D. Conkling, A. H.
Nahor. G. D. White and P. Newman.
Enterprise M. Co., April 22.— Location: Sierra
county, Cal. Capital stock, $600,000. Directors— Wm.
Balza, G. Marchini, Chas. R. Scott, E. B. Jerome, T. S.
Darling.
Morning Stab M. Co., April 22.— Location: Virginia
and Gold Hill, Nevada. Capital stock, $8,000,000, in
80,000 shares. Directors— Martin White, P. Murray,
P. Mathews, E. A. Rowe and A. J. Bryant.
Union S. "& M. Co. — Location: Inyo county. Cal.
Capital stock, $250,000. Trustees— J. G. White, Henry
P. Wood, S. Jewett, P. Taylor and J. Tyler, Jr.
Panthf-b M^ Co., April 23.— Location: Cornucopia
aittrtct, Elko county, Nevada. Capital stock, $5,000,-
000. Trustees— L. Wilsey, Jasper McDonald, Geo. H
WillardB, 8. Bernhardt and J. Taggart.
Alta Cons. M. Co., April 26.— Location: Mohave
county, Arizona. Capital stock, $10,000,000. Trustees
— Enqene Casserly, J. C. Baleman, Wm. T. Reynolds
W. H. Allen and H. P. McNevin.
Panamnt Cons. M. Co., April 2":— Location- Inyo
county, Cal. Capital stock. $5,000,000. Directors— Wm
Sherman, P. M. Bowen, C. Gurnie, D. A. McDonald and
A. W. Scott.
California Peat Fuel Mfg. Co., April 26. The object
of this incorporation is expressed in its title. Trustees
— M. S. Roberts, Ezekiel Brown, Wm. V. B. Wardwell
A. L.Bancroft and B. F. Ellis. Capital stock, _$600,-
Increase of Capital Sto k.— The Oakland quicksil-
ver mining company has increased its capital stook
from $12O,0Ci0 to $6,000,000. .The Golden Chariot min-
ing company has increased its capital stock from $3 -
000,000 to $9,000,000. The Baltimore Consolidated
mining: company has Increased ite capital stock from
$5,400,000 to $8,400,000.
FRIDAY, A. M., Aphil 23,
315 Alpha 23#@23
100 Alta 5^
280 American Flat... 9Ja,r-"
2K0 Belcher 34g
530 Be;t4fc Belcher 51 „
30 do B10..51
375 Bullion.. 52}*@5:'
■!ii Baltimore Con 8
655 California 63^a)63^
100 ....do b 3. .64
200 ....do b 5. .63^
40 Challenge: 6
10 Con Virginia 447^
5 ..do b5..450
SO Caledonia 20
500 Chollar 65@69J£
855 Crown Point 35^351%
125 Empire &4
150 Globe 1*S@1:N
275 Gould A*~!urry.l8!.i'»l8^
185 Hale &, Norcross. ..41(a) i3
461 Imperial *..8«@8J4
270 Julia 7@7JS
Justici
100 Knickerbocker
600 Lady Bryan...
lbiO Mexican
..no
....4'i
.5a-"i',-t
-90. .28
400 New York 2$i@2&
180 Occidenial 3
2530 Ophir 9^(2)100
20 ..do b 10. .100(0199
75 ..do b 30.. 99.-4(0.99
335 Overman.:- 65@64
650 Rock Island .1
60 Savage „.'.127@I28
775 Sierra Nevada.. ,.13^@12
130 S Hill il>£@l>J4
50 Tyler 6'
585 Union 8ii®^\
15 Utah 85*
,510 Woodville.. l«@l*fi
170 Yellow Jacket,.... 0ffld»2
AFTERNOON SESSION.
30 American Flag 2'-,
1930 Andes *3f@4^
250 Belmont 4.r
100 Cherry Creek ._
400 C r* Ravine b 30. .80c
200 ..do -....75c
25c
6*i
...4®S«
V,
..1=W82
.. osmopolitan..
120 Eureka Con
150 Golden Chariot.
150 IdaEllmore....
680 Jefferson
300 KKOon
165 Kossuth
300 Leopard 14
510 Meadow Valley. ...SJ-fffl
200 Mansfield :.6x+@5'i
50 Mahogany a
100 Ningara 30c
MSI NCaraon.. 25@30c
1075 OrigGold Hill 3
200 Pioche W.
100 Prussian.,
4W Pioneer...
990 Pro-peot 3M(§3>?
535 Raymond A Ely... .52@5i
100 Rye Patch '1%
190 S Cord 2'4@2
675 South Chariot.. J"
5 S V Water
60 Wi Creole
150 War Eagle 43*@4*t
100 Wells-Fargo 30c
3ATURDAY,A.H..APRrL24
55 Alpha 23^S23Ji
40 ..do b 5..23?,
575 Belcher 34M#"
280 Best* Belcher... 51 aM-,
110 Bullion S3@5i
275 B.d Con 7^3
665 Crown Point 35}i@J6
10 do b 3d.. 36
470 California .63^'§6f
100 ....do b5.,64
445 Chollar 6S!-ia7i
100 Caledonia 20!*
290 Confidence 21'*'^2I^
75 Con Virginia 450@4J9
10 do b 5. .450
390 Eureka Con 30@3l
140 Empire Mill 6&6!<
1300 Globe 13a@lj8
60 Gould-iCurry.tSiflgns^
75 Hale & Norcross. ..44@43
200 Imperial
265 Julia
25 Justice 120
1*J Keniuck
70 Knicker 4«(
223 Lady Bryan 5®
630 Meadow Valley.... 8®',.
775 Mexican 29J4@2a
60 ....do b3tf..29l*ai29-l*
1215 Ophir 100^'a.ltrj
275 Overman 64(Oj64>*
440 Raymond A Ely. ..46jfflis
50 Savage..... -125@12'
155 Sierr&Nevada 1
1O0 Succor 1>_
150 ..do Vi
125 S Hill UJ4@UJs
205 Union Con 8k@8->n
200 Yellow Jacket. ..85@8')M
MONDAY, a. at., April 26
180 Alta 5K@5
170 Alpha , ^
230 American Flat
50 do b 30 9'^
525 Best & Belcher.. .50!«@5U
173 Belcher 35@34^
*m Bullion 51(gf53
BS Baltimore Con 8
362 Chollar 65@71
835 Crown Point 36to35
50 do b 5..35->.j
200 do bffli..35>.
45 Con Virginia. ..450^452!*
200 California 64wi64!^
90 Caledonia 21@203
75 Dayton
J3(i Dardanelles
20 Eclipse
720 Empire Mill 6J-
220 Gould <fc Curry l3Ji
20 Hale & Norcross i
120 Imperial 8^@8->
20 Justice 128@127!-
210 Julia 8
20 Knickerbocker 4
40 Kentuck l5><:
290 Lady Bryan "
715 Mexican 28{5)2
85 ..do b 5.
245 New YorK .....2M(51l'
300 Occidental 3@3)4
103.5 Ophir.. ...99@93
20 ..do. b 30..l0i'
10 ..do blO .99S
445 Overman .>■:.■■>
770 Rock Island 7(37^
70 Savage 120@ir"
105 Sierra Nevada. 12-^^12
5 Seg Belcher 105
50 Succor l
7ii Silver Hill Uk'<311
f«0 Tyler .Itfc
675 Union f
685 Woodville ...:
180 Yellow Jacket....
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
165 American Flag 2!*
1260 Andes ....5M@5?i
31" Belmont 41- -44 V.
200 Condor 50c
25 nherryCreet
100 OP Ravine .45c
10 0 Cosmopolitan ....25c
675 Eureka Con....31M@32«
540 Golden Chariot. .f$Mi&
560 Jefferson 7J4W7J*
220 Kossuth la;
19" Leonard 14!^@l4
130 Leviathan .~J.^
35-5 M Valley '
405 Mansfield 6!;
91 M Belmont ,
100 Mint 30c
1850 N Carson 30f5J25c
200 Niagara 40/a30c
320 OrigGold Hill... SH@S\i
300 Poorman 5$&ifc>}4
400 ....do........b5..3^!<i3^
145 SVWater _99
200 South Chariot 2
100 S RIsland 1
460 Ravmond & Ely 47@48
400 Webfoot 75®50c
225 War Eagle 4%@4^
TUESDAY, a. m , April 27.
185 Alpha 23!£@24
450 Alta 5@5V4
150 American Flat.. .O^fo&U
85 Belcher 34'*;(a)34li
255 Beat & Belcher. . -5I@62«
100 .... do D30..52M
270 Baltimore Con.. 73(@7>s
770 Bullion 57@59
361) Ohollar 72^p74
25 ..do b .30. .75!-*
595 Crown Point. . .35^^136^
50 do b 30. .36
120 Confidence 22&®23
Lt>S Con Virginia 450(al453
850 California 64k'<ffi63S£
170 ....do b5..6l
50 ....do b30..65
15 Caledonia 21
200 Daney 1
200 Dayton 3
10 Exchequer 301
190 Gould 4 Curry. 18 !*wtl8a4
255 Globe l^l^
5-5 Hale A Norcross. 43@43J^
40 Imperial Sjij
70 Justice 125&130
235 Julia 8^
90 Knickerbocker. 4@4$i
55 Keniuck 15?4@I6
110 Lady Bryan 49$
770 BKican 28M@28i
110 New York 2*4@2'8
55'1 Overman.. 69>£@<rl
35 Occidental :■:'-.
1715 Ophir 103@104
395 Kock Island 7K<
30 Savage .
20 Succor... -
HO S Kill
200 Union
50 OtAh. ......
1140 Woodville.
Y jacket,.
li
, ~VA
1IM@11?4
m
5^
!!S6'^S5
AFTERNOON SESSION.
'200 American Flag 2!£
1575 Andes..? 5?(i@5^
205 Belm.mt 4!&5>i%
■jon Cosmopolitan 25c
530 Eureka Con 35@33)fr
370 a Chariot 1^@1H
100 GUa 2!£
230 IdaEllmore 3^*
540 Jeffersou iJi
45 Kossuth IH
475 Leviathan I- ■,
395 Meadow Valley.. 8M@8Js
25 Mon Belmont 50c
100 Mansfield 6
100 ....do b3u..6M
200 Mainmoih 15c
200 Mahogany 9
100 Mint 40c
500 N Carson 25c
1050 Orig Gold Hill .3!<.@3?i
50Prn98ian 2%
100 Pioche W 4
740 Poorman 6}£@9
100 ....do S30..9
100 Pacific VA
410 Prospect 3K@35i
7M) Ravmond ± Ely.. 477* ©50
450 Rye Patch 2M©2
100 S Chariot \%
500 Webloot 50(ft6J»*c
140 War Eagle *?&&$&
50 Wells-Fargo 27)ic
W EDNESDAY a. m. Apr. 28
1100 Alpha 263£
6'^S Best A Belcher.. 51@535i
555 Belcher 35J*@35
875 Bullion ,„.6lu;61
50 ....do b5..63
575 Baltimore Con 6(3)7K
490 Chollar 82^80
475 Crown Point. ..353£@3tiW
13.^ Confidence Wmll*
60 Con Virciuia...452!*(5i4,,)0
1185 California 64@k<3^
85 r-aledonia 22%%1'L
50 Empire Mill (.^
20 Exchequer 310@315
1.50 Globe \%
150 ..do s30 -1W
1410 Gould 4 Curry.. .19@19(t
100 do b30..l93a
370 Hale ± NorcrosB . . . *7@46
20 do b30^48
1115 Imperial OjaSM
65 Justice 135(g}i37>.
25 ..do b:W..J40
380 Julia :....9-V@9!£
120 Kentuck 16'4<iJl6^
5S0 Knickerbocker 4@4J4
395 Lady Bryan 4«@5!A
1035 Mexican 28&@29
18ID ophir luj'.j aRmx
20 ..do b 15..104
50 do b 30. .105
875 Overman 72!£@74
360 Rock Island 6^@6>i
■JU Savage 135tojl32
470 Silver Hill 12S12K
90 ....do b 5. .12
145 Sierra Nevada 13!<
169 Snccor ItolJ*
360 Union Con 8^@8!^
75 Utah tj@5&
80 Yellow Jacket... 87&87>£
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THIS COMPARE?
AFTERNOON SESSION.
300 Alta 5
120 American FUg 2i£
340 American Flat... 11@1]^2
5i0 Andes vi(oon
100 ..do b5..5>i
130 Belmont 4&@l&
200 Cherry Creek l£
1200 Cosmopolitan. 2*c
300 Condor 50c
200 C P Ravine 6;c
100 Dayton 3
H5 Eureka Con 36@34)«
10 ....do b 5. .35
50 Florida 3
300 Gila SU
1190 G Chariot SWfSS
150 Ida Ellmore 7.3^
530 "Jefferson 7K(a8
550 KKCon lV(ai2
400 Kossuth IM
60 Leopard 12j£@13£
25 Leviathan ljg
1840 Meadow Valley 8
760 Mides 8
95J N Carson 25c
325 New York 2M®23£
545 OrigGold Hill „:'!s
50 Occidental 3!*
200 Pacific 1^
50 Prussian 2*
350 Prospect 3%
"40 Poorman 8@6^'
50 Pioche 4
30 Pioche W 3
30 Prussian 2*6
(05 Raymond & Ely..5I*A(550
50 do S30..57,1*
810 Rock Island
680 S Chariot
500 .
.do.
100 Senator ».....TOc
1,50 S RIsland I@1'H
7js0 Woodville ih<S)2h
150 WeUs-Fargo 30c
250 War Eagle 5
THURSDAY, A.M., April 22
160 Alpha 23M@23^
600 .Am Flat 9}|""'
345 Rullion $£
•i\Q Beat 4 Belcher. .52(3-^
140 Baltimore Con...8M@8ig
465 Belcher 34@35
10 Bacon 75%
1130 Crown Point 36®36!l
160 Caledonia 21
325 Chollar Potosi 66(368
375 California 64'4(Sl64H
tO Confidence. 20i|@21
140 Con Virginia.. 450@452k
135 Dayton. '.'.'."'.'.'.'.'.'.'. S^k
325 Gould 4 Curry 19
300 Globe IV
160 Hale A Norcross.4K514l^
70 Imperial S%©9
30 Justice 13l(a)135
320 Julia 8K@8?i
120 Kentuck 16
100 Knickerbocker. .4MS)4M
190 Lrdv Bryan... 5@5!5
1050 Mexican 30®30^i
390 New York 25i@2^
2190 Ophir.... U2W12
190 Overman 66lt@67H
280 Occidental 2l4
100 Phil Sheridan VA
1005 Rock Island 6W@7
i5 Sierra Nevada 13m
10 Savage 130
350 Succor %@\
105 Silver Hill \fk
1005 Union Con 9K@9>2
50 Utah _5§
390 Woodville 1X®1%
60 Yellow Jacket S3
AFTERNOON SESSION.
140 American Flag 2@2H
1990 Andes 4^@4%
90 Belmont VAMlV.
330 Cosmopolitan 25o
200 OPRavine ...75c
170 Eureka Con 29@29,S
50 EurekaGV 7... .7
l4g Colden Chariot 63$
300 Kossuth 1«
880 KKCon.... 1%@2
155 Leopard l\w\i
20 Leviathan HK
300 Meadow Valley....8@8^
1.50 M Belmont 75o
115 Mansfield 5@6H
20 Mahogany 10
100 Niagara 125c
50 NCaraon 30c
370 Orig Gold Hill 2%@3
800 Pioneer l@lk
73-t ProBpect 3
100 Pacific IW
415 Raymond 4 Ely. ..54@56
45 Rye Patch 2@2H
370 South Chariot 2
300 Webfoot 50c
100 Wash 4 Creole
60 War Eagle.
THURSDAY, a.m. , April Si
425 Alpha
190 Belcher..... 34M
1310 Best 4 Belcher... 53k
1390 Bullion 55(3L,
470 Baltimore Con 1X6
1130 Oh liar vm
360 Crown Point 3:.
20 Confidence
1500 California 62K(j
35 OaJedonia 22®S
175 Con Virginia 4470
lOODanev... .„."
60 Ernr'ire Mill. 6!;i@6 I t
10 Exchequer 3
335Gould A. Curry. K^(3i]S
40 Globe ..........1
235 Hale 4 Norcross.. 441*®
450 Imperial
■15 Justice.'. ,
320 Julia. 9M(2
190 Kentuck 15f
75 Knickerbocker..,. .<
85 Lady Bryan
1545 Mexican ,
1905 Ophir 98!£@
175 Overman 715
95 Savage 132«(3
95 Sierra Nevada. „
10 See Belcher. ]( ,
50 Utah .5! ft-
325 Union Con SHf
130 Yellow Jacket... .85%
i:=:
AFTERNOON SESSION.
.5«®5! •
■4,':.@4^
I
iNl
1380 Andes 5!flffl5» .'
1000 Am Flat. 11. W"
180 Belmont.
500 Condor ...
120 Dayton
15c Eureka Con, .
50 Fhrida
25 Golden Fleece .
100 Gila .
100 Golden Chariot.. S^fiB*
500 IdaEllmore 3J$flK
1300 Jefferson gg
325 KosBUth 1-T4'(ah ^
400 Leopard l ;
430 Meadow Va) SJifaV
300 Mansfield
350. Mides
170 M Belmont...
100 Niagara
680 North Oarson
415 New York
100 Occidental....
320 OG Hill
130 Pioche..
1210 Poorman
3C0 Pacific
500 Prospect.. ....
210 Ray & Ely,
100 Rve Patch...;..
400 Rock Island lii&lh
1180 S Chariot I^ShS
2«fl Silver Hill „„.£
ISO Senator 8O1
100 S.R. Island ..1
200 Tyler 65c<
330 War Eacle
1100 Woodville 2mU
The Mining Stock Market.
There are no special features to note in th«l c:
stock market for the past week, everything --■-
going on about as it has for the past few weeks- u
Overman, Chollar, Bullion and Alpha are now ''V-
the engrossing favorites, and show quite hand- H
some advances lately. Imperial, Confidence* "
and Jacket are the next strongest stocks on the! "■■
list, all of which are closely held. Strange to &-
Bay the market did not seem to be much afc '■$(.
fected this week by its old leader, Ophir, as it -;
acted independently. The American Flat ffl
stocks seem strong and active. A stock divi-j «p
dend of the American Flat mining company has *'l
been declared, by which stockholders get ona < 1
share of the increased capital stock of the Bal-i
timore Consolidated for each share of Amer-;
ican Flat. The Baltimore Consolidated com-i
pany has also declared a stock dividend of one-
share of the Maryland mining company for. 'pJ
each share of the Baltimore Consolidated >■
stock. The Idaho stocks seem to be saining }{*
in favor, Poorman and Golden Chariot largely, ifc
while War Eagle and South Chariot are firm, 'f
The reported strikes in Goldgn Chariot brought) ■*=
it up a little, and the division of the stock bIbo: I'
assisted it to some extent. The Idaho mines »;
have been in the background bo long that the J*
favorable reports of the local papers are en-i jrfc
couraging. Kaymond & Ely holds its own veryi jg
well, which is -good for Ely district 'stocks, aa^ -:~
that mine leads them all and encourages the: |j;
owners of the other mines. On the Comstock tth
everything seems to be going on as usual. New *
hoisting and pumping works are goiDg up in S
all directions, and legitimate mining seems to jg
be in the ascendant.
A WALKING ADVERTISEMENT.
Limestone Spbikgs, S. 0.
Dr. K. V. PiEECE, BufEalo.N. T.:
Dear Sir— I am a walking advertisement for your
Golden Medical Diecoyery, Purgative .Pellets and Dr.
Sage's Catarrh. Kemedy„they having cured me of Ca-
tarrh of nine years' standing, which was so bad that It
disfigured my noae, and, while curing it, your medi-
cines also cured me of Asthma in its worst and most
aggravated form. Before using your medicines I had
become reduced in flesh from one hundred and flfty-fiva
to one hundred and fifteen pounds, and I now weigh
one hundred and sixty-two pounds, and am in better
health than I have enjoyed for twenty years.
Tours truly,
J. L. LUMSDEN.
The above is but a fair sample of hundreds of letters t,
whicn are received by Dr. Pierce, and In the face of «
such-evidence who can longer doubt that the Doctor's 1*
medicines cure the worst cases of Chronic Catarrh.
The Great Favorite with the Ladies.
"Wm. Forsyth Bynum & Son, druggists, of Live Oak,
Fla., write, Sept. 16th, 1874, as follows: "Dr. B. V.
PrEECE, Buffalo, N. Y.— Your Golden Medical Dis-
covery and Purgative PelletB sell very largely and give
complete satisfaction, as numbers of our customers
and friendB testify with pleasure. Your Favorite Pre-
scription iB indeed the great Favorite with the ladies,
aud numbers can say with joy that it has saved them
from eking out a miserable life or meeting with pre-
mature death, and restored them to health aad happi-
ness."
Thousands of women bless the day on which Dr.
Pierce's Favorite Prescription was first made known
to them. A single bottle often gives delicate and suf-
fering women mere relief than months of treatment
from their family physician. In all those derange-
ments causing back-ache, dragging down sensations,
nervous and general debility, it is a sovereign remedy.
Its soothing and healing properties render it of the
utmost value to ladies suffering from internal fever,
congestion, inflammation or ulceration, and its strength-
ening effects tend to correct displacements of internal
parts, the result of weakness of natural supports. It
is sold by all druggists.
Dr. Pieboe's pamphlet on Diseases peculiar to Women
will be sent to any address on receipt of two stamps.
Address as above.
I!
I
5,
I
ay x, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
293
California Silver Ware.
baps no other cluss of the home industries
h are increasing in bumuess and skill in
m id it and achieving a reputation for Cali-
njiiuul'.icturers, U making Bach rapid
M as the jewelry and silver ware mannfac-
g interests. Situated as they are in the
trcial center of a great gold and silver
acini; country, and in a wealthy community,
have ftvery opportunity of getting pure
rial tind finding a profitable market fur
goods. The manufacture of silver ware
jewelry now-a-d<tysin more ofan art than a
afscture, a* the designs sought for are
At in conception and difficult in execution,
inch that only a true artist could produce
1.
an instance of the class of work which
be performed here by our own citizens
be mentioned the lirge silver punch bowl
h. wa* pn h uted thiB week to Wm. F.
ock. late President of the Spring Valley
■ company, by the trustees and share-
rs of the company. The punch bowl and
e of solid silver, the former being lined
gold. Both pieces are elegant and original
ign and perfectly made. The two pieces
the largest ever made on this coast, the
aned weight being 460 ounces, and the
■put $3,000.
6 bowl is sixteen inches in diameter and
s about 16% inches high. The pedestal
nposed of frosLed silver 'elegantly chased.
>rt distance up are four lion heads repre-
d as spouting water into gold-lined silver
i which stand on the four pedestals sup-
lg the base. Above this is the bowl of
burnished silver with the monogram of
iwner artistically engraved in a large em
d shield. Then com es a heavily carved
of chased work of unique design, forming
p rim of the work. The handles are large
laborate. Starting from the center of the
is a curved piece of silver beautifully en-
3, which is surmounted by the frosted
figure of a Bacchante, the whole forming
andle. On one side of the bowl is a me-
lt of "Eureka," the coat of arms of Cali-
, in frosted silver, surrounded by a gold
1. On the other side is a medallion, also
nnded by a gold wreath, of Mr. Babcock,
?ner of the bowl. The bust is in frosted
find is a must striking likeness of the
man. These alone entitles the work to be
a chef d'ceuvre, as the features are as
tly represented and as true to life as the
graph from which it was taken.
a work of art was made by Koehler &
620 Merchant street. The designs are
ginal, and they, as well as the execution,
great credit upon our California artizans.
liver upon which the punch bowl stands
solid silver, 33 inches long, and beauti-
engraved. The handles are of frosted
and form two large figures, to correspond
general style of the bowl.
METALS.
[WHOLVBALE.]
Thursday m., April 29, 1875.
;ican Pig Iron, f* ton ..'. © 4>i OD
_j Pig Iron,#t ton ..46 00
>PiK, $ too
la Pig, f ton — —
pd Bar, bad assortment, $ lb
•id Bar, good assortment, $ St — —
I.No. I to i
I Ho. 5 to 9
T. No. 10 to 14
LNo-16to20 — 5<<S
I. No. 22 to 24 — 6 <t
LNo.2Kto23 — 6J£g
[Shoeu, per keg 7 50
S>d 7. -10
ylron — 9
J Iron — 6
i Irons for Blacksmiths. Miners, oto.
. — 35 (§
. — 40 @
48 00
46 00
46 00
- Hi
- S*
:§
- 6),
Vi
■21
Liag, Old Yellow
ssitton Nail. K
IBltiOD BoltS — 24 [<
VTE8.—
O Charcoal 12 00 G
XOharooal 14 00 C
.ing.a lb..
log, Yellow..
g Plate IO Charcoal..
Tin
alian
English Oast, ^1 Hi
boo & WoodB' American Cast. .
. 11 (
Stoel
By the Cask. .
Jneetlxaft, No 7 to 10 Sib.
do 7x3fi, No II to 14
do 8x4 ft, No 8 to 10
8x1 I, .No 11 to 10
lorted atzea
[iTEFt. per P
) 12 50
i 14 50
) 11 50
I - 32
J — 30
i — 2.5
>- 16X
1-16«
i —.22
5- 10
5-11
I — II
1 - 11J*
5 -12
LEATHER.
[WHOLE3ALK.]
Wednesday m., April 28, 1876.
mod Leather, f> lb *6ffl2
^^■nz Leather, * lb 26 g|2D
Leather, $ lb 24@28
i Leather.** lb 25(g)2<t
Kil,, per doz .' 850 l)0@ 54 1)0
1 tol3Kil..Derdo2 fi8 OOS 79 00
, to 19 Kil., per doz 82 00@94 00
econd choice, 11 to lti Kil. ^t doz 57 1'"'
-- 12 tol6Ko . 57 (
Females, 12 to 13 63 00(3
_ Females. 14 to- lfi Kil , 71 00®
lmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 OOQ
.lino Females, M to 15, Kil 70 OOffl .« ■»„
llino Females, lti to 17, Kil 73 00 @ 75 00
™ doz .-. 61 00@ b3 "HI
doz 65 00(S 67 10
. .. doz 72 00® 74 00
3alf , 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 '10
f^^Hpa, % lb 1 00a 1 15
1* Kip, $ doz.. 40 00@] 61 Kl
Sheep, all colors, % doz 8 00® 15 00
Calf for BaokB,& lb 1 00® 1 25
■■:. <oi.oaas for Topping, all colors, % doz 9 00® 13 00
61 loans for Linings, TO doz 5 50® 10 50
ia Rasaett Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
lotOalf BootLegs, Wpair 5 00« 5 25
renoh Golf Boot Legs, « pair 4 UO® 4 75
Oalf Boot Legs, % pair I 00® —
Leather, $ lb 30® 37
die Leather, » doz 48 OOr ™
[Leather,* lb 3S(
ather, a doz.. TO 00<
ather, afoot 17(
,the ~"
72
50 00
le Leather. $ foot-.
17(3
Tenth Industrial Exhibition of the
Mechanics' Institute,
S. F.^875.
PRELIMINARY "ANNOUNCEMENT.
The Board of Hauagerg of the TuDth Industrial Ex-
hibition have the pleasure of auuouucin|{ that an
Industrial Exhibition will be held, under the auspices
of the MerUanlcs' Institute, In the city of Sao Francisco,
to be opened on Tue-day, tbe 17tb of August, 1876. at
11 a. at., and to continue opeu at loots t one uiuutli
Ihervftfter.
In making thla public announcement, tbe Managers
desire that thoBe who intend to exhibit chuuld send In
their applications for np&ce as early as possible, bo as
toavoMtbe necessity of excluding, as bus been the
cane heretofore, tbe many desirable exhibitors who are
uMi-uu.ll y tardy In making appllcutlonH.
The forthcouiiug Industrial Exblbltiun will be tbe
tenth beld under tbe auspices of the Mechanics' Iut-ii-
tuie, and the Managers are justified in saying that it
will undoubtedly surpass in completeness of detail
and general arrangement any heretofore held.
The last Exhibition waB attended by 700.0C0 vlt-ifors,
attracted hither by the fatnu of these Industrial Fair*,
and for tbe purpose of Investigation, bualnesft and
pleasure.
All the available exhibiting Bpace was applied for
several weeks beiore the day of opening, and tbe Man-
ugers were compelled to deny admission to xa&ny de-
irable exhibits.
The Board of Managers desire particularly thut tho
arts, the industrleB and natural products of the coun-
try should be Well represented at tbe forthcoming, ex-
hibition, and no pains will be spared to make theBe
elapses of exhibits a special feature there.
The Exhibition will be held in the building con-
structed for that purpoBe in 1874, but it will be ma-
terially enlarged and improved in many details for the
Exhibition of 1875.
The space under roof will exceed 180,000 square feet,
or about four and a half acres, exclusive of the Hortl-
ultural Garden, which will occupy 24,500 square feet
additional.
The location of the Exhibition Building, on Eighth
street, between Market and Mission Btreets, cannot be
urpaSBed for convenience and aceesHibillty, and can be
approached from every part of the city by means of the
various lines of Btreet railroads, any of which bring
visitors within two blocks of the entrance gate.
The utmost care has been exercised in providing for
ample ventilation and light, and during tbe evening tbe
building Is brilliantly illuminated b> over 5,0C(J gas
lights.
The promenade avenues are broad, and 3,000 seats
are provided for the comfort of visitors, for whose con-
venience there iB also an excellent restaurant, under
the management of a first-cluss restaurateur.
Every aiternoon and evening the best orchestra the
city can supply will discourse excellent music under
the direction of an accomplished leader.
The building is always well attended by visitors, and
during the laBt Exhibition over 29,000 were daily ad-
mitted for a number of days, and under no similar cir-
cumstances can the manufacturer, the mechanic, the
inventor, producer or business man so advantageously
place himself before the people of the Pacific Coast.
Persons desiring to obtain information, or to make
application for space, should address "Managers of
Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Francisco, Califor-
nia," or make personal application as below.
It is expected that the various transportation com-
panies will convey goods intended in good faith for
exhibition, at half the usual rates.
Exhibitors from abroad, if they have no agent or
consignee in San Francisco, can consign goods and
mark the same to the "Manager of tbe Tenth Indus-
trial Exhibition, 17 Post street, San Francisco," and
they will be Btored, if they arrive before the day of
opening, free of expense; but no charges or expenses
for freight or forwarding, etc., will be paid by the
Managers.
In order to secure space, application Bhould be made
on or before July 20th, 1875.
Blanks will be furnished on application.
Premiums will be awarded as follows, viz: 16 gold
medals, 60 silver medals, Society Diplomas, Certificates
of Merit and Special Premiums, as the Board may deter-
min«.
Blanks for space can be obtained at the Mechanics'
Institute on application by letter or otherwise; and any
information will be given, by applying to any member
of the Board of Managers, as below:
A. S.Hallidie.. 113 Pine street.
James C. ?atbiok 122 Battery street.
Hi: mi y L. Davib 421 California street.
D. E. Bayks 213 Fremont Btnest.
Aba B. Wells Mechanics* Mill.
P. B. Ooenwall Cor. Speor & Harrison streets,
Ohas. Elliot 616 California- street.
Geobge Spadldinq 4H Olay street.
Richard Savage 139 Fremont street.
W. P. Stoot 604 Merchant street.
J. H . Maodonald 217 Spear Btreet.
J. P. Cubtis 320 Jackson, street
R. B. Woodwabd Woodward's. Gardens,
James Spiers 311 Howaid street.
To the Librarian of the Mechanics' Institute, or to
J. H. COLTER, Secretary, 27 PoBt street, San Fran-
cisco.
Rules and Regulations of the Tenth
Industrial Exhibition, Mechanics'
Institute, S. F., 1875.
1. The Pavilion will be open for the reception of
goods on Monday, August 2d. The exhibition will be
open to the public on Tuesday, August 17th, at 11
o'clock A. M.
2. Applications for space must be made on or before
July 20th, stating character of exhibit, amount and
kind of space required— wall, table or floor. And, if
cases, state length, width and hight of case. 'Blanks
will be furnished for thiB purpose, and a clerk will be
in attendance at the Library of the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, every day from 12 to 1, and 7 to 10 p. M.
3. All persons presenting articles for exhibition
must have them registered by the Receiving Clerk, who
will give a receipt for the same, which receipt must be
presented when the articles are withdrawn, at the close
of the Exhibition. •
4. Judges will be appointed by the Board of Mana-
gers, immediately upon the opening of the Exhibition,
to examine all articles, presented, in accordance with
Article III, and the Managers will award premiums on
such articles as the judges Bhall declare are worthy,
which will be delivered aB soon as they can be pre-
pared. Due notice will be given of the announcement
of premiums. .
5. The mornings of each day, until 10 o'clock, will
be appropriated to the Judges, and no visitors will be
admitted during the time thus appropriated, except at
the special request of the Judges, or by permission of
the Managers. , , . , ^ "
6. Articles intended for sale may be labeled accord-
ingly, but cannot be removed until tbe close of the
Exhibition, except by written permission of the Mana*
7. ' Steam power will be provided, bo that machinery
of all kinds may be Been In actual operation, and eveny
facility possible will be given to exhibit working ma-
chinery to the best advantage.
8. The name of every article must be attached by tbe
exhibitor to it.
9. Articles intended for exhibition muBt be enteied
and placed on exhibition on or before Saturday.
August 31st.
10. Perishable articles will be received, or may be
removed at a»y time during tbe exhibition, with the
content of the Managers.
11. The most effectual means will be taken, through
tbe agency of the Police and otbehwiae, to guard and
protect the property on exhibition; and it will be tho
purpoae of tbe managers that all articles shall be re-
turned to the owners without loss or injury. Still, all
articles deposited will be at the aiix ok tue owmkrs.
12. In case of any misunderstanding, application
may be made to the Managers, who will at all times be
in Attendance.
13. The Managers are desirous that articles Bhould
ba presented early. Those from abroad. Intended for
exhibition, should be properly packed, and If not cue-
Biftued to exhibitor's ngent, muut be marked. " Maha-
fiZRg^op Tenth iHnrjBTiiiAL Exhibition. 6an Fhancisco,
Cal." All articles thus received, arriving too early,
wlU be stored free of cost to the exhibitor, and the
Managers will have them duly placed In proper position
for exhibition. No freight charges will be paid by the
Managers; but exhibitors are notified that arrange-
ments are being made with various trannportation com-
panies to repay freight charges on evidence of goods
exhibited.
Information will be furnished by addressing Man-
agers of Txnth Industrial Exhibition, San Fran-
ciso, Cal.
■Mifiipg and Other Compa»
Benjamin Mill and Mining Company — Lo-
cation of principal place of business, San Francisco, Cal-
ifornia Location of works, Devil's Gate District, Lyon
County, Nevada. •
Notice ia hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 14th day of April, 1875, an auaesB-
ment. No. 2, of ten cents per anare was levied upon the
capital touk of the corporation, payable on the 21st day of
April, 1875, In United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at
the office uf the company. Room 7, 401 California street,
San Francisco, California.
Any stook upon which this assessment Bhall remain un-
paid on tbe 22d day of May, 1875. will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
ij made before, will be sold on Monday, the Uth day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of. sale. By order
of the Board of Directors.
LEANDER LEAVITT, Secretary.
Office, Room. 7, 401 California street, San Francisco, Oal
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company— Principal place of business, San Francisco,
Cal. Location of works, Nashville, El Dorado county
Cal.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 1st day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment of fifty <50) cents per share wsb levied upon the cap-
ital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in U. S.
gold and silver coin, to the secretary ot tho offioe of the
company. Any stock upon which this assessment shall
remain unpaid on the 3d day of May 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and un-
less payment is made before, will be sold on Tuesday, the
IHth day of May, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment,
together with costs of advertising and expense of sale.
J. TV. TRIPP, Sec'y.
Office, 40S California Btreet, room 16.
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pany—Location of principal place- of business, San
Francisco, California.
Notice. — There are dellniraent upon tbe following
dicscribed stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 17th day of March, 1875, the several amounts Bet
opposite the names of the TeBpective shareholders as
follows:
NameB. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Cuthbert, Wm 12 100 J 10 00
Cuthbert, Wm 38 200 20 00
Cuthbert, Wm 108 fgg-, 100 10 00
Pilcher.WJ 80 "" 100 10 00
Pilcher.WJ 81 100 10 00
Pilcher.WJ 82 100 10 00
P-llcher, W J Ill 100 10 00
Dorman, SM 99 60 6 00
Dorman,SM 120 20 2 00
Folingsby, T H 10O . .40 * 00
Folineaby, TJH ." 121 13 1 30
Woods.MrsA ......4* 1,000 100 00
Woods, Mrs A 71 500 60 00
Woods.MrsA 116 500 60 00
Woods.SD 83 5 50
Woods, B D 107 201 20 10
And In accordance with lav /, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on t'he 17th day of March,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold, at public auction at the
office of the company, Boom 1, "No. 531 California street,
San Francisco, on the 17th day of May, 1875, at tbe
hour of 1 o'clock, p. m., of said day, to pay sirJ delin-
quent assessment thereon, together with costs of ad-
vertising and expenses of sale, WM. SMALL, Seo'y.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 Cal ifornia street, San Fran-
cIbco, California.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of principal place of bttBiness, City and County
of San Francisco.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stoek, on account of assessment (No. 3} levied
on tbe 25tb doiy of March, 1879 , the several amounts set
opposite the names of the yespective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certifit Mite. No. Shares, Amount.
W A Knapp„ Trustee 10 100 $25 00
W A Knappy Trustee 11 ' 100 25 00
W A Knapp, Trustee 73 100 25 00
G-DRoberts 21 2,000 600 00
JF Woodraan 50' 100 25 00
D M Hosmeu, Trustee & 400 100 00
WAKnapp 131 600 126 00
W A Knapp.... 7I« 200 50 00
TBKent t 44 4,125 1,031 25
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Diiectora, made o>n tbue 25th day of March,
1875, so many shares of es oh parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
oflice of the Secretary, No. 116 Leideedorff street, on
Monday, the 17th day of May, 1875, at the Hour of 1
o'clock,. Bits., of said day, to pay said delinquent as-
sessment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale. W. AUG8. KNAPP, Sec'y.
Office, 116 Leidesdorff street, corner of Halleck, Sun
Francisco, California.
Keystone Quartz Mining Company— Lo-
cation of principal place of buBineBB, San Francisco,
California. Location of worfeB, Butte Township,
Sierra County, California.
NonaE— Tnere are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
tfce8thday of March, 1876, tbe several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective sharoholders, as
fallows:
NameB. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Miilton S Latham 42 1000 $1000 00
MMton 8 Latham 43 1000 1000 00
Mi lton 8 Latham 44 400 400 00
Peter Dean 45 200 200 00
Jl',Greenman,TruBtee..68 774 774 00
jind in accordance with- law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 8th day of March.
1875. so many shares of each parcel of said stock as may
be necessary, will be sold at public auction, at the
auction house of John Middleton & Son, No. 310 Mont-
gomery street, San Francisco, California, on the 10th
day of May, 1876, at the hour of 12 o'clock m., of said
day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon, to-
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS VE3ARIA, Secretary.
Office— Northwest corner Pine and Sansome struts,
San Francisco, California.
Manhattan Marble Company of California
—Location of principal place of business, San Fran.
cisco, California. Location of works, Oakland, Ala*
meda county, Cullfornla.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
tbe 30th day of March, 1875, the several ainoutitB set
oppoBlte the names ot the respective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amonnt.
SGBe.tty 29 10 $fi'» DO
SGBeatty 30 10 60 10
SGBeatty 34 10 WOO
John Currey 806 119 695 00
Cbas Barlow 94 60 300 00
Chas Barlow 95 69 * 296 On
C Beach 75 26 125 00
C Beach 76 25 125 00
C Beach 77 26 126 00
OBeach 78 25 126 00
C Beach 79 19 96 00
U W Howard J26 119 596 00
T J Arnold. 133 69 295 00
DMBokee, Trustee 259 7 35 00
D M Bokee, Trustee 260 3 L5 00
J A Rawson 304 2u 100 00
Alphonso Dam 261 20 100 00
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of DlrectorB, made on tho 30ih day of March,
1875, bo many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will bo sold at the office of the com-
pany, 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco, on
Monday, the 17th day of May, 1876, at 12 o'clock, m., to
pay the delinquent assessment thereon, together with
cost of advertising and expenses of sale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Sec'y.
Office, Nos. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
Martin & Walling M. & M. Co.— Principal
place of business, San Francisco, California. Location
of works. Uonlterville, Mariposa County, California.
Notice is hereby Riven, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the -l tu day of April, 1875, an nsseps-
iin-iit of fifty (50) cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, pnyuble immediately, in
United States sold coin, to tho Secroiary, at tbe office of
the Company, 403 California street, room 16, San Francisco,
California.
Any stock upon which thiB asBesament shall remain un-
paid on the 25th day of May, 1875, will bo delinquent, aud
advertised for sale al public auction, and units* pavmont
is made before, will be Hold on Tuesday, the 15th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assos-mcut, together
with costs of advertising nnd expenses uf sale.
U.K. HICKOX. Secretary.
Office— 40S California street, room IB, San Francisco, ual.
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal place of busiaeBS, San Pranoisco, California.
Location of worka, Graaa Valley Town»iiip, Nevada
County, California.
Notice ia hereby given, that at a' meeting of the Board
of Truateee of eaid corporatirm, held on the 27th day of
April, 1875, an ahBeaament (No. 4) of one dollar pi-r abare
ivaa levied upon the oanital atock of eaid company, paya-
ble immediately, in gold coin of the United States of
Ainerioa. to the Secretary, at the olllce of the company,
room 8, No. 315 California atree', San Fi anciaco, California.
Any atock upon which paid aaaeaament atlall remain un-
paid on Tuesday, the 1st day of Juno, 1875, will be
advertised on that day aa delinquent, an i unless payment
^hall be made before, will be sold on Tueldav, the 22d
day of June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
GEO. P. THURSTON. Secretary.
Office^ — Boom 8, No. 316 California street, San Fruit .
Cisco, Cal.
Theresa Mill and Mining Company-
Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 13th day of March, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Brigham, Ohas B 167 100 *20 00
Brigham, Ohas B 168 900 180 00
Ellis, Fred L 188 100 20 00
Fassett, N 0 MrB 174 200 40 00
Oately, M 184 1,000 200 00
Hickox, S J Mrs 194 10 2 00
Hlckox.BF 13 100 20 00
Hickoi.BF 139 25 6 00
Hjckox, B F, Trustee 198 60 10 00
Bickoi. B F. Trustee 199 .26 5 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 200 40 8 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 201 40 8 00
Hickoi.BF, Trustee... .2.02 20 4 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 210 260 50 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 211 260 60 00
Htckox, B F, Trustee 212 250 60 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 213 250 50 00
Mast, SE 214 50 10 00
McFadden, John 20 50. " 10 00
McFadden, John 21 60 10 00
McFadden, John 25 60 10 00
McNeil, Cecelia 11 10 2 00
Mlller.Chas 176 500 . 100 00
Miller, Charles Mrs 182 500 100 00
Soolt.MM 154 600 100*0
Scott, MM 155 500 100 00
Taylor.DW 105 100 20 00
Taylor.DW 122 60 10 00
Taylor, John 158 1.000 200 00
Trlpp.SJMrs 164 100 20 00
Wilscm.Ella 148 60 10 00
Wilson, Sadie 147 50 10 00
Wilson, JK 149 260 60 00
Wilson, JK 150 260 60 00
Wolff.S 161 600 100 00
Wolff.S 152 600 100 00
And In accordance with law, and an order of tbe
Board of Directors, made on the 24th day of April. 1875,
so many shares of each parcel of said stock aa may be
necessary, will be Bold at public auction at the offlco
of the Company, 408 California street, room 16, on the
11th day of May, 1875, at the hour of 2 o'clock, P. M., of
said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
toffether with costs of advertising and expenses -of
safe. B. F. HICKOX, Sec'y.
Office, 408 California street, Boom 16, San Francisco,
California.
Virginia Consolidated M. Co.— Principal
place of business, Ban Francisco, California. Location
of works, Kearsarjje Mining District, Inyo county, btate
of California. , ,. _ , ,
Notice is hereby given, that atameeting of the Board of
D-recto.s. Qeld on tbe 2lBf day of April. 1875. an assess-
ment of ten cents per share was levied upon the capital
Steele of the corporation, payable immediately, in United
Stales gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the com-
pany, in San Francisco. California.
Any Block upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of June, 1875, will bB delinquent and
advertised for Bale at public auction, and unless puyment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 28th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent osseBsment, togetner
wlita costs of advertising andTe|.e^GO^ge.Se0<
Office, No. 318 California street, (room No. 13) San
Francisco; California.
294
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[May i, 187?
h
Iron and fHacliipe toojfe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 126 Beale Street SAN FKAKOISOO
IF. I. CUBBY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
SOLE MAHUFAOTUREKS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILEK.
SHEET IRON "WORK of every description done
•t the Shortest Notice. >
All kinds of JOBBING and BEPALBINa promptly
attended to. 17v25-3m
THE KISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
OAPBTAL ■ .;..... 11,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of "Beale and Howard Streets,
BAM FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery. Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 10 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris,
Jesse Holladay, O. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggiu,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE. . .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vn-qy t
FUIiTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAKUFAOTDEIRB OF
STKAM ENGINES,
Quartz, Flour and Saw IMille,
B. tyes* Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'i Im-
proved Crusher, B£ tiling Fnmpi,
Amalgainatori, and all klnda
or Machinery.
N. E. eoraeraf Tehama and Fremont Btreeta, above How-
■treat, San Franolioo. 9-07
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
KAHCJAOTUREBB Of
STEAM I31VGtnV3ES, BOILEBS,
GROSS' PATENT BOILEK FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Uuiibar'a Patent Self- Adjusting Steam Piston
P AC KING , for new and old Cylinders..
And all kind* of Mining Machinery.
front Street, between N and O street*.
Sacramento Oitt.
WHEET IK.01V PIF33.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets.
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract ts
lay the Bame where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car "Wheels, 'with special
patternB for Mining Gars . These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
tff" All Muds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
G. W. PnESCOTT.
I
"W. fi. ECttABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARTSVLLLE, -.-- OAL.
PRESCOTT & EORART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
HoiBtinc Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts Car Wheels, and Casting:. .
soription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on band for sale.
9v28-ly
T. A. MCOOBMIOK. OSOAB LEWIS. J. McCobmiok
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Paxtlcu-
ar attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 236 BEALE STREET.
Howard Bet. and Folsom Streets, SAN FRANCISCO.
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Eock Drill Comriany.
— MANUFAOTUBEB8 OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting, Putnam Ma-
Lchine Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address •
2iv28-3m-ha 310 California St., S. F.
QUICKSILVER.
B,andol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Sciento-i Pbebs, November Tth, 1874.
Patented Novembeb 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July "28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Pbebb, September 19th, 1874.
EIEDLER'S ^TTICKSJilLVEIfc CONDENSEB8,
. ' MADE OF IRON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Press, November 15th, 1878.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3ni F. FIEDLER, New Alniaden, Cal
Jno. P. Rankin. Established 1850. A. P. Bkattos
Pacific Iron Works,
FraST Stbeet, ... San Francisco.
Geo. W. Foge, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTING-S
OF EVERY DE3CKIPTIOK.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND KEPAIKINa WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & CO., Props.
HAWKINS & CANTRELL;
MACHINE WORKS1,
210 & 212 Beale St., ,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
manufacturers of
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our •
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Tea (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B. — Jobbing and Repairing clone "with Dispatch .
Empire Foundry,
Nob. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Stbeet, San Fkancisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
i~
Heavy and light Castings of every description . Honse
Fronts.Miningand General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-3craperB, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Difmb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in Btock at Eastern rates.. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS F0UNDR Y,
X*. 18S First street, uppoalte Hlnna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All kutos of Brasa, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt M eta
Castings, BraaB Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, ftadder Braces, Hinges,9hip andStearoboat Bells and
Qongs of superior tone. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draulicPlpes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, fnrni3hed with -liapalcta
j®- PRICES MODERATE, -ff*
J. H. WEED. V. KING WE'LL.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
U OILER M -A. K E IS, S
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, Strn Francisco
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to -25
FIRST STREET; SAN FRANCISCO,
Mantjfactube
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN
SERS, &c
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under*
standingly, parties about to erect Beduction WorkB as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility,
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FBANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAO AND OTHER IRON
— AMD —
Every "Variety of Slmf-tiner,
Embracing ALL SIZES *f
Steamboat ShaCw, Crunki, Pinion and Con.
3 neullnir Bodi.Carand Locomotive Axle»
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED ITtOlV
Of every description and size
a&- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032. San Franoisoo, Oal., will
ceive prompt attention. ■
09* The highest prioe paid for Scrap Iron.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt 'Works.
HANUTACTDBEBS OF AT.T. KI>"DB OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Beits,
IS, 15 and 17 Dnunm Street. San Francisco. 4v241y
California Machine Works,
119 beau: stkeet, SAN fkancisco.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating's Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdbaulio Hoist fob* Stokes,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
THOMPSON BEOTHERS,
EUREKA. FOUNDRY,
LIOIIT AND K«iTT CAJ8XISS8,
of 'every description, manufactured. a.vlSor
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
First Street,
CO-OPERATIVE,
oward and FolBom, San Francisco.
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 First Stbeet,
San Feanois.
JiL-™_
fiil ' htll
■■■/ ; vO^v ;'-'-.->i?-
Ih!
STEIGEJt & KERR,
IRON FOUNDERS
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notic
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Fa
and' Callahan Grate Bare, suitable for Burnt
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
ill
Of all sizes — from 2 to CO-Horse power. Also, Quart ft
Hills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting' Machinery, ShaitiA »
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Sti
PARKE &- LACY,
310 California street. San Francis
]gONflPB
Pipe Fittings & Brass Goods |
AT BOTTOM PRICES.
JAMES L. BARKER,
406 & 408 Market street, S. F
HARDWARE AND METAL
■'" £'
Commission Merchant. "
UST Orders by mail will receive prompt att<
mrl3-eow-bp
'3:
'■-
ERNEST L. RANS0ME,
Artificial Stone Manufacture? j0f
No. 10 Bush Street, San Francisco,
Office Hours 1 to 2 Daily.
GRINDSTONES at 3, 2& and 1 cent per pound a
cording to quality. In ordering atate for what pi
pOBe the Btone is needed.
"I bave used one of your grindstones for some time. *: j,.
it is the beat I ever had." F .T. Cubbet, It.
November 20, 1874. Prop. S. F. Boiler Wort
EMERY STONES, VABE8 AND FOUNTAINS, GRAJ
STONES AND CEMETERY WORK. STONE DRESS-
INGS GENERALLY, NATURAL STONE hard- Le-
aned and preserved, SILICATE OF SODA for
Soap Makers and Laundrymen, So.
PORTLAND CEMENT for Sale in Lota to Suit.
Bend for Price-List, «ow-W
May i, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
295
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
l„ „.? ' fh™Sa ,« c° S <*»»l>™l«l Hoisting Engines h.™ beon too long
■£■ ~? "° i" Sfi"10 Cu"" to re«ulTe •">» ■J"*'1"1 rvcomniend.tlon from u.
Wuruf.rwith couflJcuce to «ny one of thti hundred, now In u»e. We simply
state th.t- they still sUBt.ln their old repntman. the inamitetunn: iot
luring followed the now too common pmctfce*!* reducing tho qusllty of
uulerlsl «nd worlcmiiisUlp for the sake of competing with theape? engines,
lor details of sla,. send for price list. We deft* to call particular attention
to our uew
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the same earths.)
™leiLf*!nJS£ ^W» Stro<iUCfid on «>'■ Coaat. The plans and specifications
result is the most complete •
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING ENGINE
Ever built. Their advantages will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
McfawtSJ^n0? * ^V, °S\of tbeW «■»■"■ »** * «™ at work in tnc
™ r, t ■ r 6itiw °Ve ln **? 0pbir- 0o thff'Owmetoclc lode, to both of which
Bate only at * U * 0l th°Se eD*ln*B conataatly on hand. For
TREADWELL & CO.'S,
23vltM>0W-tf _^^_^__ San Francisco, Oal.
JAipijig fHachipery.
;teel shoes and dies
FOR, QUARTZ MILLS,
i by our improved pro-
After many years* of
research and experiment
ve succeeded in producing
' SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
which are
unequalled
for
Strength,
Durability
and
1>1«- A fclxoe.
.Economy.
wear three times longer than any iron Shoes.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
t Quartz Mills, Pans», Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
ydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
lid Shaiting. and General Mining Muchinery in all it.s
fetalis, and Furnishers of Mining Supplies.
|AJ1 orders promptly filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street; N- Y.
ixamination solicited.
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 187S.
' description -soo Mining and Scientific Peehs,
March 6, 1875.
Br Cleaning: Quicksilver Before Using- it
for Amalgamation.
Kill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
wrfr Strainer at the office of the Agents,
• H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IKON WORKS, San Francisco.
CROCKER'S .PATENT
(RIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
machine, complete, weighs 1.500 lba. Has an iron
, five steol arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each.
iicli strike 2,ty 0 blows per minute, m a mortar provided
,h. screens on both Bides, and crushed fine 6W lbs. per
G. D. CROCKER,
315 California street. San Francisco.-
BOD BADLBIB.
BIOHABD 0. HANBON
|RioHiBD 0. Hanson & Co.,
lock and Pump Makers,
iMrOBTEBS OF ALL KINDS OP
J Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL PEICTION EOLLEKS,
llNING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum "Vitaa for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
ar Market SAH raiNci80o.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
Sam Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their workB —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— an* are
thus enablexr to reduce the cost of steel and at the
Bame time produce Shoes and Dieb superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cent-; per pound and solicit atrial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent-cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and DrEB made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by onr authorized sgents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though calle*d Bteel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoeb and Dies are in use in many of the largest
mills on the Paciflo CoaBt, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to Iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in Betting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and cbippings, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 dayB to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 10 cents per
pound shipped at San- Francisco. Terms liberal.
With [dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Buildine, S
Address all orders
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURED OP
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Having the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OR
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
130 Seale Street,
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
IMPORTANT TO LUMBERMEN.
SIOO.OO IN COLD.
And FIRST PRIZE SILVER MEDAL were awarded to us fdr the best
S-A.TOTSJ
In the groat National contest held at Cincinnati, September, 1674, and lasting over six days. Our celebrated
DAMASCUS TEMPERED SAWS were declared the victors.
We have made special shipping arrangements for very low freights and quick dispatch of our saws for the
Pacific Coast. fl^"ONLY SEVEN DATS BY MAIL FROM SAN FRANCISCO. ^a Send your address for a ful
report of the great National Sawing Contest, and the class of saws that you use, with tbe thickness, Size and
kind that you ubo, and specify Buch as you will [require within the nest 60 days.- We will guarantee to furnish
you with saws that have no equal in quality, and at prices that will be entirely- satisfactory. Address
EMERSON, F0R0 & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
LEFFEL & MYERS
MANDFAGTUIIEEB OP
f j yi -pp» -jr* "pr* T ' fi(
AMERICAN- DOUBLE TURBID-
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes .
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
e^""Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List— sent free
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL' TttFG-. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branoh Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
Santa Claba, Cal., April 6th, 1875.
Messes. Dewey & Co. — Gents: — We have just received
Patent No. 160,635, for J. T. Watkins & Co's Mammoth
Road Grader, which was patented through your Agen-
cy. It is the neatest and bust that we have ever re-
ceived. We feel proud of it and thankful to you for the
care and attention that you have given it, and when
we have anything to do in that line of business we will
surely give you a call. Very respectfully,
J. T. Watkins & Co.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gaaand "Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. McORINDLE, Manager, 22 h 24 Fremont St., S. F.
mB-nCt
O. Ac H. BARWETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nos. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific CoaBt. 18v25.1y
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
lesB than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
Double-Spiral
Bed-Spring.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the moBt dura,
ble Bed Spring in use... It is adapted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make the celebrated Obermann Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make his own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Prlco List to
WARNER & S1XSBY,
I4v28 -eow-bn-3m 147 New Montgomery St., 8.
296
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May t, 1874
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
P. 0. Box 168.
SOLE AGENT FOE THE PACIFIC
COAST FOP.
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's Patent Steam
Pumps,'
Tanite Co's Emery Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co's fatnrteTanI ixliauat ^ ior £,em(,v-
i.- ■ x , t 1 in& Shavings and Sawdust
Machinists TOOlS, from Machines.
San Francisco, Cal.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds. .
BLAKE'S PATENT 8TEAM PUBtP.
Over 7.500 in Successful Use in the Unit©
States.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
^EMI-pOFVrABL^
The highest and only prize of itb dims given to any
Vertical Engine wan awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BJ THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANTTFAOTtrREB OP
S P A. TJ JL. » I IV G 'IS
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QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS.
One wine gallon of water contains of Bolid constitu
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Carbonic Acid (combined) 42.9B
Chlorine •. '.18.38
Sulphuric Acid 2.36
Silicic Acid .' 2.02
Oxide of iron 2.85
Lime ..".... .. 4.41
Magnesia .*.".*" '"i"".""?." '".['. '.1'.'".'.'.'. 5.24
soda ".".*.*.".. *.."..!!!.'.!..... !e2.i9
Alumina -i
Ammonia ...."..".'.".
Potash '.'."'.!'.".'..'.".'.'.*.'.'.".'.".!!!! 27.38
Lithia r
Boracic Acid -...."..".".'..." ]
Organic Matter '. .'.".7.'." .".'.".' .".".".* ....... J
Total grains .228.69
The amount oifree carbonic acid in the water which
escapes on standing and is not calculated in the above
analysis, is equal to 383.76 grains per gallon.
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SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. MAT 8, 1875.
VOLUME XX»
Number 19.
An Improved Cut-off Valve.
The importance and necessity of a relea-e of
he steam pressure on the back of the common
Ude valve; the unreliability of cut-off at differ-
nt poiuta of the stroke, as well as its defect
distributing the Bteam equally in the back-
»rd motion of the piston compared with the
Kward motion of the same; the failure of a
onstuut lead opening for forward, backward
mid-gtar of the link motion, have been &
ibject of constant consideration among en-
Ineers. For many years numerous inventions
ave been brought before the public to over-
in c these imperfections,
ongat which were the link
lotions of Stevenson, Uooch,
Han and Meyer, some of which
one and some have two
ids valves, the upper one
living to control the expansion
Bteam. Mr. John C. H. Stut,
this city, has recently pat-
ted through the agency cou-
ited with this office an im-
ovement on rotary reversing
id cut-off valves, which he
overcomes all the im-
■rfectious of the old link mo-
ll with very few moving
jrte and no complicated ma-
inery, it being possible to turn
all out with the lathe,
a the accompanying en-
.vings, showing this valve,
g. 1 is a horizontal section
m through x x Fig. 2. Fig.
is a vertical section taken
rough y y Fig. J . Fig. 3 is a
le view of the valve. Fie. 4
a longitudinal section. Fig. 5
jows the operation of ih i
■Ives.
-*U is the steam cylinder,
Hthin which the piston is
\ 8>ved alternately from end to
i Ad. BB are ports which
I Id from the end of the
Minder' to the cylindrical valve chamber, G.
H this case the cylinder is placed vertically,
* ?lile the valve-chamber lies horizontally and
:<oft porta open into the chamber, one on the
>2per side and the other just opposite upon
>* lower side, in the form of elongated slota,
Hioh Btand at a small angle transversely with
ill axis of the chamber, so that, if continued
Iwrely around, they would form Bpirals. This
*gle of the ports is plainly shown at Fig. 5,
vflieh represents the inside of the valve-cham-
li aw unrolled, as it were, upon aflat surface.
■(This valve is also cylindrical; and iB fitted so
■Ijto be steam tight within the chamber, as
p ire fully described farther on. The valve
w two sets of openings, one exhaust, D, and
tb steam-port, E, lying in the same plane and
fjoppoBite sides of the valves, while the other
fpof ports, FQ, for reversing the engine, lie
la plane parallel with the first, the exhaust
fit, F, for the reverse motion, lying beside
ji H steam port, E, of the forward motion, and
tjt steam port G of the reverse by the side of
IS exhaust port, D, of the forward motion, so
I 1't, by moving the valve endwise in its
■y- mmber, either set of ports can be made to
z* On into the ports, B, and their width of open-
:'. Ii can also be regulated. One end of the
;;;-. Vve, E, is considerably smaller than the
n.n part, as shown at J, and serves as an in-
^ gps pipe for steam. This pipe connects with
Da steam ports, the one not in use being at
•.times closed, because it is always in contact
& * a the inner face of the valve chamber, while
'^ tl other alternately comes opposite the upper
jtif *!J lower steam port, B. The exhaust
p ts act In the same manner, and are
ft a conneoted with a passage throngh the in-
...:, U or of the portion, J, of the valve, which is
h ow and open at its outer end, to allow steam
tt scape in that direction.
a order to allow of this end movement of
f valve and still maintain the pipe, I, steam
t, it is accurately fitted to slide outside or
ain the conducting steam pipe, the joint
ig stuffed, bo that the end motion oan be
luced without leakage.
he operation of this valve will be as fol-
lows: The valve being set by neans of any
suitable leverconnecti n, so thut one set of
ports are iu a line with the ports B B, of the
chamber, steam is admitted and tbe engine
moves. Any positive connections, as gearing,
may be made between the engine shaft and
valve so that the latter shall move aocurately
and in conjunction with the piston. The
steam ports, E and 0, of the vulve are in the
preaont case two inches in length, while the
ports, B, of the chamber are two and thirteen-
sixteenths inches long.
By this construction this valve remains fully
open while it is p'iB-tiug over this thirteenth-
mxteeuths difference in the length of the ports,
which is of great advantage, as it gives the
steam an opportnnity to exert its full pressure,
Fi&l
the valvd in its chamber so that when rotated
it will uncover only a portion of the steam
port, although the exhaust port is made
enough wider to present sufficient clearance
not to choke.
The ports, B, being, as before described,
placed spirally around the chamber and one
side, e, of the steam port, E or G, in the valve
being also made to stand at an angle, as shown,
it will be seen that where the variable cut-off is
to be used the opening will be the largest when
the ports, £ and J?, .first meet, and the inclina-
tion of each will be such that, as the port E,
passes oyer the port B. the opening will be
gradually narrowed down, and may be en'irely
closed at any point in the stroke, the poiut of
closing dependiugupon the distance w'aich the
Fig 2
Side View of Valve.
Longitudinal Section.
&g o
Operation of Valves.
STUT'S ROTABY BEVEBSING AND CTJT-OFF VALVE.
and the size of the port is not so quickly re-
duced after its full opening.
The exhaust ports are equal in length to the
bridge between the porta B Bt of the cham-
ber, (one eighth less than the length of the
ports, B,) so that, as soon as it is entirely closed
to one of the ports, it will be instantly opened
to tbe other, and there will be no back pres-
sure.
To reverse the engine, it will be neoessary
to slide the valve along , in its chamber until
the two ports, F and, ff, are brought to rotate
in a line with the ports, B.
It will be seen, from the length of the ports,
E and (?, that they will cut off the steam from
tbe ports, B, some time before the piston
reaches the end of its stroke, and this consti-
tutes a constant cut-off, which is determined
by the length of these ports. The distance be-
tween the outlet ports is equal to the length of
the bridge, measured on the circumference of
the valve.
The variable cut-off is regulated by moving
valve has been moved endwise in the ohamber.
By this construction the inventor is enabled to
adjust the amount of cut-off to the greatest
nicety.
In order to keep this valve perfectly tight,
the moving face is constructed in two semi-
cylindrical segments, which form each half of
the circumference of the valve. Their meeting
edges are packed by means of a longitudinal
strip, h, and two transverse strips, i i, at tbe
end of this longitudinal strip. The segments
lie upon the inferior portion of the cylindrical
valve, and the ports correspond with the open-
ing to the interior of the part, I. Suitable
devices are employed to pack tbe meeting
edges of these openings. Those desiring fur-
ther information concerning this valve may
address the inventor, John C. H. Stut, No.
182 Stevenson street, SanFrancieco.
The new Belcher air shaft, which is com-
pleted to the 1000-foot level, is greatly benefit-
ing the entire mine, by drawing off the hot air
and cooling the lower levels.
Making Casks by Machinery.
At the California wine cooperage and mill
oompany, 30 and 36 Spear street, they are en-
gaged on a oontraot for seventy-five or eighty
large oval wine casks,capable of containing 3,000
gallons each, for S. Laohman & Co., Market
street. These casks are all made of well sea-
soned Eastern oak and are very heavily hooped.
At this cooperage a large portion of the- work
usually done by hand is done by machinery,
making a saving of time and labor, and taming
out truer work. In getting out their staves,
the proprietors of these workB, M. Fnlda Sc
Sons, first dress the staves into
the required thickness. They
are then steamed and bent to
the proper curve or bilge;
afterwards being placed on a
saw and "listed" or edged up
to the bevel desired. They are
then jointed to different curves
for different sized casks. After
being jointed they are set up and
heated over a fire to get them in
prober shape. They are then
ended off, concaved an i grooved
ready for the head. The head-
ing is' also steamed and bent
to give extra strength to large
casks.
The holes for the dowel pins
in the heads are bored by ma*
chlnery. After the different
pieces of the head are driven
together in the dowela, the heads
are a *wed into the proper size
suitable to the groove or 'croze'
of the cask. The heads are then
put in the casks, planed off, and
the hoops placed in proper po-
sition. All this except the fin-
ishing work is done by ma-
hineccy. In tank building the
work is almost entirely done
by machinery, such a* p'aiin^,
jointing, crozing, sawing, bor-
ing heads, etc., leavingnothing
to be done but set the tank up.
At these works twenty-two men are employed
in a general cooperage and mill business. In the
mill department they do general jobbing, plan-
ing, sawing, etc. They are putting in more
machinery, so as to carry on a more extensive
mill business. -The establishment occupies
two fall water lots. In making redwoed water
tanks they have apparatus and conveniences
for taking out the color and taste of the red-
wood, where only cold liquids are to be used.
Hot liquids will continue to draw out the color
from this wood. They are about to commence
work on a very large oak wine cask capable of
holding 15,000 gallons. It will be oval, thirteen
feetjby sixteen, with staves twelve feet iong. This
is for S. Laohman's cellar on Market street, now
the largest on this coast if not the'largest in the
United States. When the seventy-five new 3,000
gallon casks with the big 15,000 gallon one are
put in with the great number already there, this
wine cellar will be one of the sights for tourists
to inspect.
In the Ophir mine the prospecting on the
1700-foot level now being done is principally
for the purpose of determining the exact loca-
tion of the foot-wall of the ledge. The erec-
tion of the foundations for tbe new incline
machinery is making steady progress.
In the Hale and Norcross mine the north
drift on the 2100-foot level has connected with
the south drift on the same level from the
Savage, affording a fine circulation of pure air,
and greatly facilitating operations on the lower
levels.
In the Yellow Jacket mine the water has
been drained from the 1840-foot level, and
work resumed at all points in that portion of
the mine. The prospecting operations on the
1740-foot level are still pressed vigorously
ahead.
Panamtnt is to have a Stetefeldt furnace.
298
MINING AND' SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May < 1875
CORRESPONDENCE.
Tunnel Work at French Corral.
Editobs Press:— In a recent tour through
Nevada county your correspondent had occa-
sion to stop for a few days at the mining town
of French Corral. In strolling around through
the cavernous openings and over the precipi-
tous banks in the hills— that tell so plainly of
the work of the "Little Giant" — his attention
was attracted by a column of blue smoke pass-
ing up into the atmosphere from behind the
abrupt bluffs of the Yuba. Turning his steps
thither he Boon stood upon the verge of the
narrow canon through which the gold-burdened
waters of the Yuba go rumbling onward toward
the plains below. Peering downward through
the tops of oak and lir trees, a glimpse is had
of a low roofed building, by the side of which
is an immense heap of newly emboweled
granites with car track running from the dump
toward the base of the hill, and then quickly
disappearing. Reasoning in his mind what
these things might indicate, and reflecting on
the direction he had come, your correspondent
was led to believe that he was standing directly
over a heavy charge of giant powder that was
beiDg used in the excavation of a tunnel; and,
although the towering hill seemed planted
firmly on its base, a look of serious melancholy
flitted on bis countenance as if he had thoughts
of home and friends. However, these thoughts
were vain, for, upon following down the wind-
ing trail he was met at the foot of the hill by
the genial face of the foreman of the works,
Mr. C. S. Davis, who soon disabused his mind.
After partaking of a bountiful repast, and when
an hour had been pleasantly whiled away in
social chat, we donned the miner's garb, and
with a taper each marched slowly into the hill-
side.
At the entrance we remarked the exceeding
hardness of the rock, and in the whole length
of the tunnel (some 1300 feet) saw scarce a
seam or crevice. The dimensions of the excava-
tion are 8x8 feet, and when we consider the
solidity and "flinty hardness of the walls, and
its powerful adhesiveness, it was almost a
source of wonderment to behold what was
being accomplished, in so short a time. But
when we had reached the terminus of the tun-
nel, and stood facing the solid, storie wall, appa-
rently impenetrable, we would certainly have
desponded of their making further progress,
had we not noticed, standing quietly though
defiantly beside us, what appeared to be a
little mountain howitzer — harmless except when
mounted upon a mule's baok. This implement
of warfare, however, proved to be not an
enemy, but a friend to man — a rock drill.' Hav-
ing at other times seen various drills of sim-
ilar construction, we were not disposed to give
this any particular attention; but, learning
from Mr. Davis that this was the only machine
of its kind in operation on this coast, we were
glad to give it more than a casual notice, and
learn wherein it differed from other excellent
machines tbat have been successfully used in
California and Nevada.
It is called the Ingersoll rock drill, and is
manufactured by the Ingersoll rock drill
company, in New York city. The essential
difference between this and other well known
drills, as observed by your correspondent, was
that this machine is self-feeding, while- others
require an extra attendant for this purpose.
This is claimed as a decided advantage, for the
reason that there can be no irregularity in
feeding, and, as a natural sequence, no cramp-
ing of the drill oocurs, besides the economy of
dispensing with one attendant. Other points
of superiority claimed by the company and
attested by Mr. Davis (who knows by actual
test what the machine is) are: its simplicity,
portability, and power to do a great percent,
of work. When in operation it is almost free
from the jar or vibration that is so destructive
to machinery of like character.
In thiB tunnel — which, &b I have said, pen-
etrates a solid body of the hardest granite — the
progress made is worth of remark, when we
consider the size of the drill points used, and
the fragile appearance of the little monster that
does the work — the average progress made
with two three-quarter inch drills being four
feet to each eight hour shift, the pressure
gauge of the compressor indicating a pressure
not exceeding sixty pounds, and ranging the
greater part of the time from forty-five to
fifty-five pounds.
A word concerning the purpose of this tun-
nel might be of interest to your readers. As
most Californians are aware French Oorral was
in early days an exceedingly lively mining
camp, having a population numbering up into,
the thousands. The mining claims being chiefly
placer or gravel were operated mostly by indi-
vidual owners of small capital. This being be-
fore the days of wealthymining corporations and
extensive water ditches, mining was conducted
in so primitive a mode that the bed rock
(upon which the richness of the claim lies) was
seldom reached on account of the absence of a
natural outlet with sufficient fall to carry the
washings through the sluices. Hence, when
the hill-tops had been washed down to the
general level of the surrounding country, the
claims were in some instances abandoned, while
those that were still held remained for the
most part unworked.
The greater $>art of this mining ground is
now owned by the Milton mining and water
company, this company also controlling a water
privilege with extensive ditches,' supplying all
the mining claims at this and various' other
points with water for mining purposes. The
work of tunneling the hill is projected and car-
ried on by them, for the purpose of getting
sufficient fall. to work their claims to the bed-
rock. It will, when completed, be some 3,000
feet in length, having a grade of eight inches
to fourteen feet running measure.
This will give the mining interest of French
Corral a new impetus, as there is abundance of
good pay dirt to keep the hydraulic pipes at
work for several years to come.
The company are now washing quite exten-
sively, giving employment to quite a number
of men in this, as well as keeping a full force
at work at both ends of their tunnel. Mr. V.
G-. Bell is superintendent and N. O. Miller,
secretary, both of whom are residents of the
place and have their office there. I will en-
deavor to give you notes of progress, etc., from
other places in the county that I visited. L.
Irrigation.
How our Plains may be Irrigated without the Aid
of State Credit.
Of all the works demanded from the hands
of men who will live hereafter in the • State of
California, there are none moie important than
the irrigation of the great valleys of the Sac-
ramento and San Joaquin.
With a soil and climate suitable to the sup-
port of millions, and a productive capacity,
under favorable circumstances, equal to all
other portions of the State, a few thousand
inhabitants now are scarcely able to obtain a
livelihood, although a very large part of these
valleys are under cultivation.
If the witholding of sufficient rain and the
coursing of rivers every ten or fifteen miles
meanB anything, it means tnat the energy of
men shall cause these rivers to flow as rivulets
over these plains.
It is assumed that all men know of the
beauty, fertility and constancy of an irrigated
country, and it is not necessary to state that
orchards, forests, and an abundance of all
kinds of vegetation will follow the spreading
of water over the plains. This abundant
vegetation, by the well known laws of nature,
will cause a more plentiful rainfall, and thus
benefit the neighboring land, which cannot be
irrigated.
The Control of the Water Sources to rest with the
Land-Owners.
There is nothing in political economy more
wise, clear and unquestionable than that the
State, or the owners of she land using the water,
should own and control the water supply.
No body of people should ever be placed in a
position subject to the will and caprice of a
corporation in connection with anything
essential to their well-being as water. To sub-
ject them to this condition is only to entail a
system of bondage or serfdom on them and their
posterity. Unfortunately for California, many
have occupied the legislative halls who could
not see the importance of conserving the waters
of the State to fertilize the lands. Others, of
a worse character, have been bribed to legislate
these lands into speculators' hands.
Perhaps there are no duties belonging to the
Granger organization greater than the wresting
of the waters of the State from the control of
men who desire that farmers should pay them
tribute forever. Even and exact justice will be
done these men by condemning and confiscating
their claims, and the paying to them the actual
amount they have paid out and the value of
their property at this time; no prospective
value to be considered. This amount to be
paid by the State, county or irrigating dis-
trict. ,
Corporations not Needed to Supply Water.
Many persons believe that these plains will'
not be irrigated unless the work be done
through a corporation or association of cap-
italists, and that it is therefore a necessity to
surrender to them the control of the water
supply. This alternative should not be ac-
cepted, because of public policy and the greater
benefit which will enure to land-holders by the
owning and controlling of the water.
It is true that a large part of the land of these
valleys is owned by speculators who bought
with a view to selling at a profit, and they will
therefore favor the project which gives them
the most profit with the least expenditure.
This condition of things we cannot alter, and'
must accept; nevertheless, the future demands
that works of irrigation be established, even
though large land-holders become enriched, for
we must have comfortable homes for the mil-
lions who seek to live in California.
The question how to frame a law of associa-
tion so that the ownership of the water and the
land may go together, should be considered by
every politician in the State, and no candidate
for legislative office should be considered
competent until he presents to his
constituents the draft of a law covering
land and water ownership.
How -District Association Reclaims Overflowed
Land.
We have found that by association lands may
be reclaimed from overflow, why, by the ap-
plication of similar laws, may not lands be irri-
gated?
To the question, why has not reclamation
been more successful, the answer is, Califor-
nia engineers have tried to exclude water from
lands by building levees of turf and spongy
soil upon land which floats on a bed of mud
and water. The most insane engineer in ex-
istence will still retain sense enough to tell you
that the first rule of leveeing is to ditch through
(he turf, and then get solid earth from the bot-
tom of the river by dredging machines, or earth
containing no vegetation from the nearest prac-
ticable place, and to base the levee upon the
hard pan or solid earth beneath; for levees, as
buildings, require unyielding foundations.
The law of 1868 sets forth that the owners of
a majority of the land in any district may as-
sociate and then elect trustees. These trus-
tees may employ engineers to mate plans and
estimate the cost of the .work necessary to re-
clamation. Upon these plans and estimates
the Board of Supervisors, if they approve
them, direct three commissioners to jointly
view the land, and assess upon each and every
acre to be reclaimed or benefited thereby, a
tax proportionate to the whole expense, and to
the benefits which will result from snch work;
said tax to be collected and paid into the
county treasury, and shall be paid out for
works of reclamation, upon the order of the
Board of Trustees, when approved by the
Board of Supervisors. This tax is enforced
by the District Attorney of the county in a
manner similar to the enforcement of the col-
lection of State and county taxes. With a few
amendments the reclamation 'Taws are suffi-
cient to reclaim the lands and keep the control
and ownership of the leveeB within the hands
of the owners of the land.
Some of the Legislation Necessary to the For-
mation of Irrigating Districts.
Two incomplete and inefficient acts were
passed upon irrigation at the last session of
the Legislature. These acts may be so altered
and amended as to render irrigation by asso-
ciation entirely jtraoticable. The legislation
needed should cover the following points:
1st The Surveyor-General of the State
should lay off the land of the State with refer-
ence to irrigation, and set forth the proper
water supply to each district and the place and
manner of taking it.
2d. The owners of a majority of land sus-
ceptible of irrigation should be enabled to form
a district.
3d. Trustees should be elected by the own-
ers of the majority of the land in the dis-
trict.
4th. Trustees shall apply to the Surveyor-
General of the State to designate the water
supply proper to the district, and the land out-
side of the district necessary for canals or
other work. As soon as the land and water is
thus designated, the trustees shall immediately
take possession of the same and hold them as
property of the district.
The trustees shall -employ an engineer to
make plans, surveys and estimates of the works
necessary to irrigation.
5th. The Attorney General of the State shall
immediately seize, condemn, and appropriate
such water and land as the Surveyor General
shall designate as necessary to the district,
when the owners of such water sources or land
shall establish in court the amount they have
actually expended in works connected with
such water supply or land, and the actual value
at the time of seizure, without reference to any
future or prospective value. Then the trnstees
of the district, approved by the Board of Su-
pervisors, may order the amount paid out of
funds belonging to the district. But no pros-
pective damages to the owners of water or land
shall be allowed by the courts or paid by order
of the trustees. The appropriation of the water
and land should be immediate and irrevocable;
the litigation for damages may take place after-
wards.
6th. To furnish the money necessary to
works of irrigation, there should be commis-
sioners appointed by the Board of Supervisors,
or, when in two or more counties, by the joint
action of the Supervisors of the counties; theBe
commissioners to assess upon each and every
acre a tax proportionate to the whole expense
as estimated by the engineers employed by the
trustees, and to the benefits, either directly or
indirectly, which will result from such works.
7th. These assessments to be collected by the
District Attorney of the county in which the
land lies, or by some State officer appointed
for the purpose, and the amount collected to
be immediately paid into the county .treasury
and there subject to the order of the trustees
when appointed by the Supervisors. But no
order to be paid except for work actually done
or in compliance with the judgment and orders
of a court. Warrants drawn by the trustees
to draw interest at 10 per cent, per annum until
paid.
8th. Assessment to the full amount necessary
should be made by the commissioners upon the
estimates formed by the engineers employed by
the trustees of the district; but the trustees
shall call in only installments of this tax large
enough to cover the works which must be com-
pleted within six months from date of call. All
assessments to be a lien upon the land and
work its forfeiture unless paid.
9th. All contracts to 'be let to the lowest
bidder for cash, and all contracts to be let in
small sections, after due advertisement. Thus
giving the poor man an opportunity of paying
his assessment by his own labor.
10th. The district thus formed shall own the
water forever, and no land not included in the
district, and which has not paid for the' works
of irrigation at the time the works are con-
structed, shall have the use of this water, ex-
cept on such terms as the officers of the dis-
trict may dictate; for the land owner who will
not assist in the enterprise should have none
of its privileges.
State Credit as an Assistant.
As the irrigation of these plains is of great
importance to the State, it would be "well to
consider whether the loan of the credit of the
State would be proper. If it is proper, then
the owners of the land should pay interest in
advance, so that the State shall lose nothing
by delay; and the failure to pay interest should
work an immediate forfeiture of the land in 1
every case. No loan of State credit unless
based upon the certain and absolute forfeiture of
the land, upon the failure to pay the interest
or any part of the principal on the- day desig-
nated; and for tbvs purpose the owners of each
tract should obligate themselves by land when
forming the district, or before availing them-
selves of State credit.
In o»*der to avoid hasty or improper disposi- ' -
tion of State bonds, they should be sold by B
the officers of the State and not be sold for less
price than the market value of other State
securities. This and the letting of all work to
the lowest bids for cash may tend to insure an
honest action on the part of trustees.
State Ownership of Canals.
If the State should actually own and build lis
canals for irrigation^ canal .rings, as in New
York, may be formed. And if it is proper to'
construct them in one place, why not in fifty
places? The owners of gravel and placer
claims will not understand why the land spec-
ulator should have State bonds to assist him, I W
when other great interests of the State require Bd
assistance. The tule land owner will equally pit
demand assistance, and thus, when the State It
begins to issue bonds, who can tell the stop-' Q
ping place? ;■
State Aid Not Necessary.
Few farmers on these plains count their' ^
acres by less than hundreds, and speculators! l>\
count by thousands. If they form district* "'
and prove to the world that they intend tol J;;
irrigate, their lands will rapidly advance inr »
value, and thus before they have to pay tbeitf *
first assessment they can sell one-half then iU)
land for enough to pay for irrigating the othex "J.l
half. Now, as one acre irrigated is worth ten ^
not irrigated, it seems a fair proposition that1 'f-
they should, if necessary, sell a portion to im-; ■
prove the other. State aid, except to assist in »«
the formation of districts and the condemning »■
to their use the waters of the rivers, Bhoold not *=:
be extended to the owners of the land.
The entangling a-llianoe of State with land fri
sharps will be fruitful of no publio good. AtJ ' "
almost all have more land than they can prop' W
erly work after irrigation, let them sell a part &'
to etihance the^alue of the remainder.
An Appeal to the Legal Fraternity.
Let it be understood by all who read thii ^
article that it is written for the purpose of urg «,
ing men of legislative capacity to frame ai [£,
effective law upon a most difficult subject, a ^.
the above is but a crude and unfinished sketoh* J]
How to wrest from the water grabbers th JL
waters of the State will puzzle many able mepi ^
and the legislator who can frame an act to A* ?f i ,
so should be well appreciated by his fellow ,.
men. It may save much trouble in the Legis jQ
lature, and enable our law makers to approael ^
the subject with more intelligence if some 0 Bt.
the legal minds of the State would publish u ■$.
the journals of the day the outline or draft' c , ^
a law applicable to the case, for no hasty legit fej",
lation can properly encompass the great quel fct)
tions involved. De. M. W. Rybb, |^.
==^^ '•' foil
Cheeby Ceeek. — A correspondent of th i^
White Pine News writes: The Star mine sti* iti"-f.
remains a luminary of the first magnitude. \) tt,t
understand that the Superintendent, It 1 f:
Keeney, has contraoted with the San Jose ooais-
pany at Egan canon for the use of ten stafajmtjQ
for the ensuing month to run on Star ore; tbjttS^
is in consequence of the five-stamp mill, whicnC- -•..
has constantly been at work on ore from tblit>-
mine, not being able to keep the dumps clfifl m^
With the milling facilities thus employed thl i» j.
will be able to reduce 15 or 20 tone of ore daft ^
producing in bullion over $100 per ton, aggf i/:
gating $1,500. to $2,000 per day. This ore
produced from a mine only partially open* l
and which -will eventually quadruple ti ^t
amount. In the last four months this compw ^
has shipped about $85,000 in bullion, plj ■' .
duced from 900 tons of ore. The Exchequ t '.
will commence milling ore next month, Vtti ,
ent appearance of the mine warrants the pi ^
diction that, once started, this company tflj!
run its mill indefinitely and profitably, addiiu,
largely to our bullion products. The ChanJt, V
is bonded to parties who own other valutljt;
property here. It is thought that work v\ -"' ';
soon be resumed under the new managemei
and that it will prove to be what it onoe po^S^
ised— -the convoy of the district.
The new Belcher air shaft is about timbex (
and finished down to the 1000-foot level, a
is greatly benefiting the circulation of air ,
the lower levels. The mills are kept stead
running on ore from the mine, and everytbi ,
looks prosperous for the future.
May 8, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
299
||echanical
SpROGRESS
Testing Iron and Steel.
With the exception of the experiments made
:>me two years ago by Col. Eads in connection
ith the construction of the SU Louis bridge —
hich experiments were noted in these columns
the time— very little has been done in the
irect:ou of testing the tensile strength of large
asses of iron or steel. The method of test-
ig heretofore employed has been the adoption,
a standard of unit, the results given by the
ttreme proofs of specimens having a section
about one square inch, from which the
rength of large masses is obtained by theoret-
formulia— qualified by the introduction,
a factor of safely, of four-fifths of the re-
It, which is thrown away for possible errors,
ck of homogeneity, poor workmanship, etc
Practice has found it necessary that this
eat margin should be allowed when dealing
th large ma-sen. Col. Eads' experiments
BO fully verified ihe necessity for sucballow-
ee. That so great a discrepancy between the
lculated and actual results as four-fifths
ould be found necessary, hue led many engi-
iflrs to the conclusion (hat a new theory is
■nary for the estimation of the strength of
n. It is held by such that a series of careful
ting experiments with large masses of va-
>us diameters should be. instituted, in order
detect the unknown cause of the remarkable
nations noticed between the theoretical esti-
jea and actual results.
The experiments of Col. Euls have led to a
jewed discussion of tbi3 matter, and have
p developed some unexpected results with
jard to the comparative tensile strength of
n and steel, when presented in large masses.
universal was the confidence in steel over
m, that in the inception of his great bridge
terprise it was decided that only the minor
Its of the bridge should be constructed of
□ ; while steel should be the material for the
re important parts. Being one of those who
d contracted a strong doubt with regard to
* reliability of experinieniswi'hsmall masses,
resolved, in order to insure undoubted suc-
ln his great lif* monument, to subject
ry portion of the structure^ practical tests.
this end an enormous hydraulic testing ap-
ratna was constructed.
Che first heavy pieces subjected to the test
re a iarge number of massive iron shafts,
ich stood up well to the theoretical test. But
lost unexpected failure was expeiienced in
ting the steel shafts, from which so much
r results were expected. Some of them
e way under strains which iron shafts of
ilar dimensions hal ensured. A much
later discrepancy was found to exist between
ge aud small masses of steel than between
lilar masses of iron. So great was this dis-,
Sancy that the steel shafts were at once
learned end iron substituted wherever
,vy masses were required.
f'his showing may well call in question the
priety of using steel in large masses where
"fcsile strength is brought into play, notwith-
■nding its acknowledged superiority for such
»b in small masses.
■Ve believe these are the first and only test-
i ; experiments which have been made with
Bel under such conditions. A practical com-
fcson was made with the two metals some
ftrs ago on board the steamer Tied Jacket, in
Inch two shafts of equal size were placed, one
In and the other steel. The steel shaft
Beted off within a week, while the iron was
■use two years afterwards, and may be in
■vice up to the present time.
What the nature of this difficulty with -steel
Barge masses may be,- is quite unknown,
m the facts are notorious. Krupp has for this
■son abondoned his solid forged steel can-
Bi. The matter is very naturally exciting
fich enquiry and speculation, and cannot fail
Bhdd materially to the interest which will be
|t by engineers everywhere in the result of
H Government experiments which ate about
Ipe undertaken in accordance with an act of
Hgress passed just at the close of the last
flsion, full reference to which will be found
ftwhere on this page under the head of
§ jest of American Iron and Steel."
Test of American Iron and Steel.
The Sundry Civil Appropriation bill, passed
nmontj the last acts of the Lit* Congress, con-
tained an appropriation of $75,1)00 for tests
of iron and steel, to be made by a Board of
Engineers, who are to serve without pay, with
the exception of the Secretary. The members
of the Board have recently been appointed by
the Secretary of War, as follows: Colonel
T. T. S. Laidley, Ordnance Department, TJ. S.
A., resident; ProfeBsor R. H. Thurston, Secre-
tary; Commander L. A. Beardslee, V. S. N.;
General Q. A. Gilmore, Engineer Department,
U. S. A ; Chief Engineer David Smith, U. S.
N.; \V. Lovy Smith, C. E.; A. L. Holley, C. E.
A t- s ins; machine is to be built, and set up at
the Watertown arsenal, where the experiments
are to be conducted. The Board will receive
instructions from, and report to the Chief of
the Ordnance Department of the Army.
The membors of this Board are all well
known engineers, several of whom have al-
ready distinguished themselves by their in-
vestigations of the properties of materials used
in construction. It would be difficult to over-
estimate the value of their foture experiments,
if carefully conducted. To mention a single
instance, it may be stated that the English
formula deduced from Gordon's experiments
is ulmdst the only authority available to our
engineers for computing the resistance of ma-
terials to compressive strains. Very few of our
engineers conld afford to make such experi-
ments as they desired ; and when such investiga-
tions were conducted by companies, the results
were not usually available for general use. It
seems probable, therefore, that the appropria-
tion, made by Congress for these experiments,
will be productive of more good than many
other items for which ten times the amount
was allotted.
(•beseevtng Cast-Ibon feom Rust. — Gir-
Hs, angle irons, and other similar large
(rases of iron are often placed in exposed
jkations, where damp, air, steam, and acid
Hnrs have access. If the iron be put up in
fj rough, it very speedily rusts, and under
MDring conditions the corrosion soon reaches
• dangerous point. Contractors generally
■M ee to supply such irons painted in three
iHts of minium, which, if honestly done,
Wild to a certain extent protect the metal;
m, as a rule, only one thin coat is applied, and
l H slightest abrasion, exposes the iron. A new
■ ^peculiar mode of treating iron is the fol-
Mug: the metal is heated until, if touched
a oil or fat, it frizzles, and then is plunsed
> a vat of mixed oil and grease. This mode
reating cast iron is therefore far superior
ny "painting," as the oleaginous matter
tally penetrates the pores, and prevents
lation for a very long time, while it does
1 prevent painting, if desirable, afterward,
Absence of Oxygen fbom Artesian Wateb.—
M. <T.T..r lin, in a paper read to the Paris
Academy of Sciences descriptive of the artesian
wells of Grenelle, fiuds there is no oxygen
present in the water from the lower t^aud-
Btone of this locality, nor from the Rilly
gravel beneath the clay and at contact
with the chalk (the water was obtained
out of contact with air from various depths by
means of a syphon invented by the author), nor
from the Soissonais gravel. Neither was this
gas discovered in the water from the artesian
well at Gonesse. M. Gerardin concludes that
water obtained from subterranean depths does
not contain oxygen if kept from contact with
the atmosphere. This precaution is essential,
for in contact with the air it dissolves several
cubic centimetres of oxygen. The author has
often found in the interior of the ascension
tubes long white opaline filamentary algee.
These algas present the curious property that
they remain white in solar light as long as the
water is deprived of oxygen, but they become
green the instant the water is the least aerated.
Their sensibility to the action of oxygen is
most delicate. The action of the algaa serves
to confirm the chemical test with hyposulphite
of soda.
It might be interesting to have these experi-
ments repeated on the water from California
artesian wells. It is well known that aerated
water readily parts with its oxygen when thrown
into the atmosphere in the form of a fine
spray, as has been evinced in recent experi-
ments of renewing the oxygen of the atmos-
phere in diving bells by this means alone— r
direct connection between the atmosphere and
the bellB being entirely cut off for hours with-
out any inconvenience {o the occupants. Prob-
ably the filtering of the water of artesian
wells through the large extents of earth and
gravel through which it generally passes before
reaching its subterranean reservoirs produces
the same results as the spray.
A New Heating Fqbnace. — A new inven-
tion has recently been made by Messrs. C
Reese, master mason, and Thomas Johns, su-
perintendent of the mill of the iron and Bteel
company, at Ironton, Ohio. The improvement
is practically a double furnace, having a grate
at both ends, with the flue in the center, pass-
ing down between the two doors under the'
body of the furnace into the chimney on the
other side. The inventors claim that this fur-
nace will do one-half more work, for the reason
tbat.the heater can be charging at one door
whilst drawing at the other; and that it will
oave largely in iron from the faot that the cold
air passes directly to the flue before reaching
the iron; that it will save greatly in coal, there
not being so large a surface to be hearted as in
the ordinary furnaces; and further, that it oosts
less to build and less labor to work it, doing
away with the labor of pulling the flue piles to
the bridge for sufficient heat, the last pile
charged being the first ready to draw out. The
furnace is said to be well suited to rail, bar,
plate, guide and hoop mills. It is believed by
practical iron workers that this furnace will
prove to be an important addition to the pro-
ductive capacity of rolling mills. There will
be one of them put in the mill of the above
mentioned company as soon as possible.
Ibon in the Centennial Buildings. — The
quantity of iron to be used in the construction
of the Centennial buildings will aggregate
about six thousand tons, of which more than
five-sixths will be wrought.
Tho Pullman palace car company are making,
at their shops in Detroit, eleven palace carB to
go to England and nine to go to Italy.
Nfcw Mode or Tbeatiso Belts. -A correspond-
ent of the Scientific Amerkan writes as follows:
I have for the last 25 years, on every Saturday
evening, turned the inner side of my engine
belt outside, let the engine run slow, and washed
the belt well with warm water and soda, applied
with cotton waste. Next, I take a ptece of sheet
metal and scrape well the belt, next wash with
clean warm water, and dry off. I collect the
waste oil from the shafting aud apply to the
belt as much of it as possible. The washing
must be done as quickly as possible so as not
to dissolve the glued parts. I let the belt stand
on the pulleys till Monday, then give another
scraping aud turn the belt as before. I keep
the pulleys very clean I have lonn been sur-
prised at the economy I have effected with
very little trouble. I have not bought a new
belt for the last ten years. There is an engine
next me, 14x36 inches (mine is 12x3G). I have
nearly double the shafting and belts, and my
neighbor cannot run with less than 38 lbs. of
steam when all the belts are on the loose pulleys.
Mine will run at full speed with 5 lbs.
The-ie suggestions, adds our cotemporary, will
be appreciated by our readers. One must begin
with a first class belt, made iu the best manner,
and use considerable judgment, iu following
the practice of our correspondent,
Temperature upon the St.
Louis Bridge.
The effect of changes of temperature upon
iron structures is most palpably demonstrated
in the case of the bridge recently constructed
over the Mississippi, at St. Louis. The arches
of this bridge have spans of about 500 feet, and
careful observations of the changes in the bight
of these arches have been made daily during
the months which have elapsed since the
bridge was completed up to January. These
observations show a variation between the fig-
ures of July 20th and January 9th last— which
two days were the warmest aud coldest of the
year — of 8.5 inches. The difference in temper-
ature between the two days was 107 degrees,
This is an effect less than was anticipated, the
small effect being due to the fact that the iron
work is painted white for the very purpose of
lessening the same.
It has also been noticed that the change is
not always coincident with the showing of the
thermometer, the result being varied at the
same temperature, by reason of the greater or
less amouut of moisture in the atmosphere.
The effects of change of temperature are, at
the pr 89nt day, says the Railway World, tak n
in account in all engineering calculations.
They determine the distance between- the ends
of the metals on a railroad track; necessitate
the use of rollers at the end of bridge trusses
when the variation in their length, produced
by rise or fall of temperature, is perceptible;
require the use of expansion joints in long,
iron gutters aud the hot air pipes of a blast
furnace, and have driven civil engineers at
times almost to their -wit'B end for "compensa-
ting" contrivances.
Daring the erection of Southwark bridge
across1 the Thames, at London, the structure
was almost ruined for want of observing this
natural law, the expansion of the cast iron of
the arches under the sun's rays producing a
strain upon the piers which had not entered
into the engineer's calculations.
Since that time bridges have been more care-
fully framed with respect to thermal influences.
The engineer's endeavor is to have the expan-
sion or contraction of one part counteract the
corresponding change in another part, so as to
increase the stability of the whole.
Parasites on Flies. — A correspondent of the
Scientific American says that while recently ex-
amining the tongues of the house fly with a
microscope he discovered upon several a species
of worm. On some he found two worms, on
others none at all. The worms were found
about the spiral glands; they were transparent
in appearance — head and tail being exactly
alike. They were very active in their motions.
The correspondent is desirous to know from
other microscopists if these worms have been
noticed before, and would be pleased to receive
any information concerning them.
Have any of our Sac Francisco microscopists
noticed them? If they have we should be
pleased to hear from them. If they have not
they might perhaps find the house fly an inter-
esting subject for observation, who will verify,
or otherwise, both the above and the observa-
tions so minutely detailed in the issue of the
Scientific Peess of April 27th with regard to
this insect.
The Andes Gradually Sinking. — The highest
points of the Andes are thought to be sinking.
In 1745, when measured by La Condamine,
Quito was found to be 9596 feet above the sea.
In 1803 Humboldt made it 9570 feet, in 1831
Boussingault 9567 feet, in 1867 Ortou 9520, and
in 1870 Eeiss and Stubel 9356 feet. If the earli-
est and latest measurements were exaot Quito
has sunk 240 feet in 125 years.
Singulab Fact in Regaud to Delating Ice. —
Lieut. Weyprecht, of the late Austrian polar
expedition, made the remarkable discovery that
the ice never drifted straight in the direction
of the wind, but that it always deviated to the
right, when looking from the center of the
compass. With N. E. wind it drifts due W.
instead of S. W.; with S. W. wind it drifts due
E. instead of N. E.; in the san.e manner it
drifts to the north with S. E. wind, and to the
south with N. W. wind. There was no excep-
tion to this rule, which cannot be explained by
currents, nor by the influence of the coasts, as
with these causes there would be opposite
results with opposite winds. Another interest-
ing phenomenon was the struggle between the
cold northern winds and the warmer southern
ones in January, ju6t before the beginning of
the lasting and severe cold; the warm S.and
S. W. winds always brought great masses of
snow and produced a rise in the temperature
amounting to 76-95 degrees Fah. within a few
hours.
The influence of extremely low temperatures
upon the human body ha3 often been exagger-
ated. There are tales of difficulty in breath-
ing, etc., that are oaused by them. Lieutenant
Weyprecht and his party did not notice any-
thing of the kind; and although many of them
had been born in southern climes, they all
bore the cold very easily indeed; there were
sailors among them who never wore fur. The
cold only gets unbearable when wiud is united
to it.
Relations Between Magnetism and the
Aueoba. — It appears from the scientific report
of the Austro-Huugariau North Polar expedi-
tion of 1872-4 that magnetic disturbances are
closely connected with the aurora. "While in
temperate zones they are the exception, tbey
form the rule in arctic regions; at least the in-
struments are almost in constant action. This
is the case for the inclination, declination, and
intensity needles. The magnetic disturbances
in the district visited were of extraordinary
frequence and magnitude. They were olosely
connected with the aurora borealis, the dis-
turbances being the greater, the quicker and
the more convulsive the motion of the rays of
the aurora, and the more intense the prismatic
colors. Quiet and regular arcs, without mo-
tion of light or radiation, exercised almost no
influence upon the needles. With all disturb-
ances the declination needle moved toward the
e.ist, and the horizontal intensity decreased,
while the inclination increased. Movements in
an opposite sense, which were very rare, can
only'be looked upon as movements of reaction.
The ways aud manner of themagnetio disturb-
ances are highly interesting. While all other
natural phenomena become apparent to our
senses, be it to the eye, ear, or touch, this co-
lossal natural force only shows itself by these
scientific observations, and has something mys-
terious and fascinating on account of its effects
and phenomena bring generally quite hidden
from our direct perception.
Obigin and Philosophy of Limestone
Oaves. — Caves in limestone have usually had
their origin in fissures, through which water
flows, or at one time flowed, at first slowly per-
colating through them, and then, as they grad-
ually became larger and larger the volume of
water likewise increased, until the fissure be-
came converted into a true underground river
or water course; even in cases where no water
flows through them at the present day it can
plainly be seen that such was the case once.
They are eaten out of the limestone by the
solvent power which water charged with car-
bonic acid possesses. Ordinary water free from
carbonic acid would be quite incapable of dis-
solving out the limestone, but all natural
waters contain more or less of that gas, derived
by the rain from the atmosphere and from the
decaying vegetable matter which it meets with
in its passage, through the soil. All limestone
caves usually retain more or less completely
their original form of fissures, expanded, per-
haps, in parts, into vast caves and chambers of
immense proportions, but again contracting a
little further on into a mere craok or tunnel.
Comparatively large rivers are received by such
caves, which then continue their oourse under-
ground, in some caseB suddenly appearing to
the light of day again, but in others making
their way beneath the surface right out to sea.
Certain of the South Australian creeks are thus
discharged.
Phosphobous and Pdtbefaction — The pres-
ence of phosphorus or some one of its com-
pounds has been observed to be one nec-
essary condition for the development of pu-
trefaction. The more phosphorous the more
rapid the putrefaction. The bad odor is sup-
posed to be owing to the escape of phospho-
retted hydrogen, and to the same compound is
attributed the luminosity of putrescent matter
under Borne circumstances. On passing the
gases evolved from putrefying matter through
argentic nitrate, no phosphorous compound of
Bilver was found, although the gases were com-
pletely deodorized by passage through the sil-
ver solution.
ScrENOE and Industry.— An interesting ex-
ample of the industries aud important results
which have sprung recently from the scientific
treatment of substances long overlooked or un-
thought of, is that afforded by the silky vege-
table downs which cloihe the seeds of many
trees. These are now largely employed iu some
parts of the country for stuffing beds, quilts—
in the place of eider down— also ladies' skirts,
and for other purposes.
300
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 8, 1875
liNiNG Summary.
The following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in tha interior jn proximity to the mines mentioned
California-
AMADOR.
Govee Mine. — Amador Ledger, May 1 : This
mine is fast being developed into a valuable
mining property. A 10-stamp mill, driven by
water from the Pnrinton ditch, is nowin active
operation, and crushing good grade ore. The
ledge in the 700-ft level averages from eight to
ten ft in thickness, and the ore of high grade,
bearing free gold, and well charged with gold
bearing sulphurets. Drifts have been run
north, arjd south from the main shaft, and the
ore found to increase in quantity and quality
in all the levels. Between 1000 and 2000
pounds of sulphurets are saved from each day's
crushing, and which yields at the rale of $200
per ton. The Gover is not only looking re-
markably well, but may be classed with the val-
uable mines of the county, and this result has
been brought about under the excellent man-
agement of Mr. John Treglaon, a careful and
experienced miner. The mill is under the su-
pervision of J. R. Treglaon, a practical mill-
man. Hendy's concentrators are used and give
entire satisfaction. Hooper's steam pump is
attached for freeing the mine of water. The
Gover company are likewise owners of the
Fremont mine in the same neighborhood, and
we learn will in a short time commence sinking
a shaft thereon, with the intent of proving the
mine as rapidly as possible.
BUTTE.
Lava Bed Mining. — Oroville Mercury, April
SO: Mining at the Lava Beds has started up
with more than increased alacrity. The long
dry winter has left the claims free from water,
80 that they can be worked without much
trouble. George Dyer is at work for the Hilton
company, with every prospect of success,
though it will take some timo yet to get ready
to take out pay dirt. On Monday last we saw
Mr. Bigelow at work putting up a steam engine
on the claim of Ah Hap & Co. It was what is
known as a Hooker water lifter. There is little
doubt that all land now vacant will soon be
called for. A great call will be made for poles,
wood and building lumber during the coming
summer. With the increase in the work carried
on there will be a corresponding increase in
trade in town. Money, even now, is plenty.
Chbome. — M. Robinson, of Nimshew, in this
county, came to town a few days ago, having
some very black rock which he wished to have
tested. Mr. Callow, our county clerk, sent it
to San Francisco to an eminent assayist. It
turns out to be chrome iron and runs as high
as 60 per cent, pure metal. There is an abun-
dance of the ore .in sight, and it is very
easily gotten out. The mine is twelve miles
from Chico, on a down-hill road all the way.
Two claims have been taken up. The ledge is
from 10 to 20 feet wide.
The New Mill. — At last the new quartz mill
at Forbestown is finished, and has been running
just five days on trial, and turned out $5U0, or
jni-t $100 per day, with blapket washings and
sulphurets to hear from yet. The machinery
is all new and works, as all new machinery
does, with some considerable friction; still, we
think this a pretty good showing for a beginning.
The ledge is twenty feet in width and prospects
$20 to the ton. The rock is easily got out, and
is only 200 feet from the mill and all the way
down hill. The shaft is only down some 30
feet. The mill is now running night and day
and is workiog as well as the owners could
wish. The cost of taking out the rock and
crushing it, of quicksilver and every expense,
does not reach one-fourth the receipts.
CALAVERAS.
Gwin Mine. — Calaveras GhronUle, May 1:
News from the Gwin mine continues wholly
favorable. The 1000-ft level is run a distance
of two hundred feet from the shaft, all the way
in fair milling ore. Sloping is going briskly
forward in both the 900 and 1000-ft levels. The
batteries — forty-four 6tamps— are kept at work
without cessation, and the yield of the mine is
increasing from month to month.
Rich Quartz.— Rock of extraordinary richness
is being takm from the well known Haskios
and Hadley mine at West Point. The last
crushing of quartz taken from the mine paid
nearly $200 per ton, and we are informed that
the rock now being taken out will yield consid-
erably in excess of that amount. The work of
taking out rock is going steadily forward, and
another crushing will be in readiness for the
mill in a short time. The shaft on the ledge
has reached a depth of about one hundred and
forty ft.
Favobable Pbospects.— Charley Rickman,
proprietor of one of the quartz lead lately
discovered at Mosquito gulch, is confident of
developing a good mine. He has sunk a shaft
about twenty-five ft deep on the ledge, taking
out first-class ore from the top down. The
lead is from fourteen inches to two ft wide
and all the rock will pay well for crushing.
Rickman is pushing work along as fast as his
limited appliances will permit.
Asbestos. — A man named Hipkins has
lately discovered a vein of asbestos in this
county near Gibson's ranch, on the road from
Angels to Milton. We have not learned the
extent of the deposit, nor whether any consid-
able amount of work has yet been done.
upon it.
West Point Dibtbict. — Last Monday the
new hoisting works of the Josephine were com-
pleted, and sinking the main shaft some thirty
ft in depth was resumed. The new working
Bhafton the "Cheeno" is going down rapidly.
A too heavy flow of water has interrupted sluic-
ing at the Modoc. Nothing new at the Ander-
son Flat mine. Stoping good ore at the Lone
Star. The old Doyle mine is being re-opened
by M. Carey, who is erecting steam hoisting
works. The mine ranks No. 1 for high
grade ore and uniform net results. Rich
galena ore has been struck in the north level
of the Ramcat. A shaft is being sunk on the
new discovery by Henry & Son. The ore will
average one ft in width and mill about $45 per
ten. Champion, stoping. Ore richer than*
previous. This rich body of ore has length-
ened from ten or twelve ft to thirty-five ft at -n
depth of 140 ft.
INYO-
Panamint Items. — The Stetefeldt Fcbnaoe.
Panamint News, April 27: Senator Stewart
and party arrived in San Franoisco on Sunday
evening, and early on Monday morning they
sent for Prof. Stetefeldt. He soon arrived at
the company's office, and within two hours the
contract for the furnace for the twenty-stamp
mill was closed. Capt. Bell went immediately
to work shipping the machinery, and the greater
part of it is noTV on the way via the Allen's
Camp route. The probabilities are strong that
a furnace will also be put in the lower mill and
its capacity increased.
Jessie Mat. — Are progressing rapidly, owing
to the softness of the ground. The shaft is
down sixty feet and is in ore of a high grade.
The width of the lead at the bottom of the shaft
is not known, as no cross-cut has been run as
yet to ascertain its extent. The tunnel is in
eighty feet, and the last few feet is entirely in
quartz carrying considerable chlorides, worth
probably $40 or $50 per ton. This, however,
is an unexpected find, as the ledge for which
the tunnel is being run is yet some seventy or
eighty feet distant.
Don Juan. — Tbey are timbering and stoping
eut ore for shipment to San Francisco. The
first shipment of twenty-five sacks of ore by this
company was made on the 23d inst., and they
have ten or twelve tons more ready to ship as
soon as out-going teams can be had.
Emma. — The Emma joins the SunriBe on the
northeast, being east of the Twilight. The
ledge has been stripped for about eighty feet.
The mine is looking extremely well, some two
hundred tons of ore being in sight, which is of
the free milling character.
Wyoming.— In the lower tunnel, which waB
being run to tap the main ledge, the vein was
struck in running one hundred and fifty feet,
slrikingit at a depth of about three hundred
feet. They are now in a fine body of high
grade ore, but the extent of the vein has not
yet been determined.
Lee District. — Captain J. B. Frink gives
us further information concerning Lee
district, which was organized a few weeks ago.
This district is twenty-five miles from Pana-
mint and fifteen from Cerro Gordo, on a dirtct
line between the two places. There are about
twenty locations made in all, in a space of
about half a mile square, all by San Bernardino
ra< n, comprising two companies. The first
company is composed of J. R. Frank, B. L.
Lee and Henry Clark, men who have been
prospecting between this point and the Color-
ado river for a number of years, and are the
discoverers of this district. The other com
pany consists of fourteen persons, among
whom are General Dodge of San Francisco,
Rose, of Los Angeles, and Watson and Walsh.
These miDes are exceedingly rich and crop out
from 2500 to 4000 feet in length. They are
situated upon a high mesa, about 5000 feet
above the level of the sea, wood and water are
abundant and about six miles from the mines,
a good level road leading thereto.
KERN.
Antimony. — Bakersfield Southern Califor-
nvxn, April 29: The Temple antimony mine,
in San Emidio canon, is being opened, and fur-
naces are soon to be erected to reduce the ore
to a condition for shipment to England for
further refinement. Mr. Quinn, an old pros-
pector, who has spent several years in the
San Emidio mountains, hunting for mines, has
consolidated bis interests with the Temple
company, and is still looking for more ground.
An advantage to this mine of antimony — which
is represented to be the purest discovered in
this country — is the finding of a well defined
lead of boras in the vicinity. This bed of
borax is located high up in the mountains, and
presents a fine bank, the extent of which is yet
unknown. It is of the fine, velvety, snowball
character of borax,
MARIPOSA.
The Tunnel at Benton Mills. — Mariposa
Gazette, May 1: The "big bore," commenced
about two years ago, and upon which opera-
tions were for several months suspended, has
been recommenced, with some improvements
in the machinery. The tunnel is now in about
700 ft, and everything works smoothly. Mr.
Horn, the former superintendent of the job,'
still runs the machine. The Burleigh drill
walks into the solid ledge at a rate astonishing
to an old miner, or any other man whose prac-
tical knowledge of drilling is oonfined to the
old sledge and hand drill process. The ques-
tion of striking good pay ore is only one of
time. Everybody familiar with the Josephine
and Pine Tree mines knows that the gold is
there.
Very fine rock continues to come out of the
lower level of the Omaha mine. ' The ledge is
2% ft in thickness, and scarcely any of the
quartz taken out but shows free gold and fine
sulphurets. Some fifty loads of rock have
been put upon the dump within the past week,
and experienced judges of quartz say it is the
best looking pile of rock, taking it all through,
that they have ever seen. Yesterday we saw a
handsome piece of rock from the lower level,.
(240 feet), which showed free gold in the hard
quartz, gold in the sulphurets, and had plenty
of galena. The Omaha company have it in
consideration, owing to their excellent pros-
pects, to erect steam hoisting works as well as
a mill upon the mine.
<"Buckham Mine. — This mine is located sputh-
west of Grass Valley, near Bear river. The
location was made years ago and the ledge has
been worked with good success. The rock had
to be hauled to Grass Valley in order to have
it tested, and it has been worked through two
■or three different mills, in different lots. The
ore has paid all the way from $15 to $29 per
ton by mill process, and without estimating the
sulphurets. The average of all the ore worked
has been something over $20 a ton. The ledge
averages over 2 ft in thickness, and has been
tested to a depth of 97 it) A letter from J. G.
Worthington, received yesterday from the
Buckbam mine, states that the rock is improv-
ing rapidly in the shaft, showing free gold (a
thing that has seldom been seen in the rock
which has been worked) and plenty of sulphu-
rets. The mine only needs a mill on it to
prove a success. This thing of hauling quartz
from ten to fifteen miles is not economy. The
owners are men without capital, and they
would like to arrange for a mill. They can
show the certified figures for the yield of the
rock, and from the best tand most careful mill-
men in this district.
New York Hill keeps sending out those rich
specimens and piling up-good pay rock on the
dump. People here are beginning to talk
about its being the richest m;ne in Grass Val-
ley district, and when the works now near
completion get to running, it will be apt to
turn out net results which will substantiate
this claim. New York Hill is "petering out"
well.
Meadow Lake Mines. — Truckee Republican,
Aoril 28: We are able to state on authority
that operations in this once, well known min-
ing district will be commenced on an extensive
scale, just as soon as the snow is melted off so
as to enable the parties who expect to operate
them to get in their machinery and supplies.
There exists no doubt of the richness of the
ore found here, and the difficulty of working it
at the former excitement, which was the only
obstaole to making this district one of the rich-
est in the State, has been removed. Two pro-
cesses have been discovered which render the
reduction of these rebellious ores no longer
doubtful, and both of them are cheap and
readily adapted to the work. One of them works
the rocka up to the fire assay. Since the first
of January upwards of fifty locations have been
made, and many other parties are anxiously
awaiting an opportunity to go in and make
others.
NEVADA.
Omaha Mine —Grass Valley Union, April 30:
The Culverson mining company has levied
an assessment in order to prosecute the work of
developing the mines immediately. The U. S.
Grant company is now ready to begin work.
Others that are not asj yet incorporated are
making active preparations to open their
claims. A party of men left Truckee last
night for this district, to look after some very
rich claims. The party consisted of Frank
Paulson, G. W. George Smith, Lee Butt, Wm.
Haller, David Hart, Robert Swim' and others.
They are all very sanguine of success. Some
will remain to look after their interests and
commence operations. There seems to be but
little doubt that the past fame of this district
will be eclipsed by the new fame it will soon
gain, and we confidently hope to see this dis-
trict one of the most important tributaries of
this place, as supplies will probably be taken
from here,
PLACER.
,- Clean-Up. — Placer Argus, May 1: The In-
diana Hill canal, mill and mining company, lo-
cated at Gold Bun, cleaned up $6,300 a few
days ago from a three weeks' run. In the last
three clean-ups, of six weeks running alto-
gether, $9,500 has been paid in dividends to
the stockholders of the company.
Chbome. — Placer Herald, May 1 : An exten-
sive deposit of chrome iron has been discov-
ered about five miles north of Auburn, on the
old Grass Valley road, and is now being opened
by a Mr. Martin.' The ore, so far as tested, is
said to be of a good quality, and is worth, say
at San Erancisco, in its cmde state, about $15
per ton.
PLUMAS-
The Nobth Fork Country. — Plumas Na-
tional, May 1 : From Surveyor Keddie, who ar-
rived in town from the Noith Fork on Friday,
we learn that times are lively and that the sea-
son promises to be a bribk one. The Carriboo
hydraulic company have recently purchased
the Fueg & Ohl claims, which are located
about one and a half miles above Carriboo.
The price paid was $7,000, in coin. The
ground prospects splendidly — in many places
from fifteen to fifty cents to the pan. This will
be the first, claim opened by the new oompany.
The operations of the Carriboo company will
commence as soon as the necessary supplies
arrive from below. The Dutch hill pipe is
working splendidly, and a good head of water
has been running for about five weeks without
a burst. There is every reason to think that
it will now stand the pressure. The mine at
Barker hill is paying richly. After five days'
run with one pipe they took up two lengths of
poles at the head of the flume and got $800 in
fine gold — not a piece weighing over fifty
cents. The ground-sluice is from fifty to two
hundred and fifty ft in length, and as many
coarse pieces have been picked up in it, one
weighing $26.50, the probability is that the &
ground is very rich. The company propose to l&
pump water by steam power to the top of 1°
Cumming'e hill, catch it iu a reservoir, and •
use it for piping that ground. The water has
to be raised from the ditch line 206 ft, and the
pump at Ohio Valley will be nsed for the pur-
pose. This ground is known to be immensely
rich. They will commence work on this oper-
ation immediately, as Mr. Keddie has already
made the necessary surveys. Messrs. Beed,
Merwin, Bonte and Jacobs have recently been ty
inspecting the Dutch hill operations, and were li
highly pleased with the prospects. fo
Gbeenville Notes. — Our dispatches from i
Greenville are up to April 30: The work on the f&
Indian Valley mine, under the superintendence l>
of Mr. O. Drake, is progressing rapidly and
well. The fine rook struok just before the big
cave took place is looking even better as devel-
opments continue. Everything promises well M
and the mill will be started next week. Mr. I*
Purdy, the Superintendent of the Crescent IlK
mill's property, has arrived. He talks of start- \ <.'■'■
ing up work again. The Hudson mine, with h
ample funds, will soon be started up by Mr. E. *
Leets. He proposes also to rebuild the Dixie ft
mill. The Baker mine is looking splendidly. i&
They are now getting good pay rock in the ';
Union company's mine. fit
SANTA CRUZ
Bi-cabbonate of Lime. — Santa Cruz Sentinel, 101
May 1: It has been known for some time that a feci
valuable deposit of bi-carbonate of lime existed iti
within Santa Cruz, on tbe western boundary at, n
the town. Recently, Calvin Brown, engineer rJ
of the navy yard at Vallejo, visited this county ki
in search of material to manufacture Roman in
cement, and found that abundance existed in IU
our midst, in the vicinity of the grist-mill nowi iti
leased by Messrs. Bennett & Hinds. He al fed
once secured four acres of the land, quite sufn- lib
cient for his present demand. The deposit ih Kin
almost inexhaustible, underlying the lands of fci
MrB. Majors, Messrs. Pray, Towne, Dodero i,
Boston, Heath, Hitzelberger, Wright, Heacock na
Kirby and others along the plateau frou st?'
Kirby's tannery to the rooky cliffs adjacent t< itu
Mrs. Mujors'residenoe, with a width nearly tht) sill
same distance. The deposit crops out near thti fci
tannery, and at places is probably from twentj v-
to fifty ft deep. Its value is beyond preset y\
computation, as no other similar deposit hai m
yet been discovered in the United States. Th<. is I*
manufacture of Roman or Portland cement ifoj
will at once be commenced, and it is said tha 1J1
the old mill (Majors') will be used to grind tht ulyj
material after baking and mixing the ingredi< ftoi
ents. To make a good cement, a blue cla;l ;;i
from the salt marshes near Benioia will hay. mP
to be procured and added to the carbonate 0 \m
lime, and baked at a white heat in the prope ^(
kilns, and then to flour fineness, and put 11 itf,
close paper-tiied barrels for market. Th jt0
Croton aqueduct, the Delaware breakwater IBn
and many other important public work ^
throughout the country, were built with simi Ktr
lar cement. The Sheppey stone of England
from which Parker's cement is obtained, i
more nearly like the stone discovered in Sank ^
Cruz. It is not properly a stone, but an arti u
facial (seemingly) hydraulic lime, oomposed 0 3.^
a mixture of clay and chalk which abounds al ^j
along the coast, but only in. this particula (m|
place has it the necessary amount in equa j]^
parts for the purposes of cement. ,^r
SIERRA. I'-'--
Piping. — Mountain Messenger, May 1: Tb ^
Green Mountain is still piping, nights.
A mining excitement prevails at Howlan l0'U
Flat, and claims are being rapidly taken up. "Kit
The Bald Mountain claim gets richer as the taa
go into the mountain.
The Woodchuck *avine boys have all gon &fol
out to commence their spring's work. ^lo
The Swallow company, at Monte Cristo, i j<«c
troubled with bad air. i:'-
"Homestake." — The Homestake quart *t:i
company, situated above Rock creek, has son JkIU
thirty or forty ft of tunnel yet to run throng J«re.
hard bedrock before reaching their ledge. Tw jpki
is the ledge from which Johnson took $3,0C *&cr
with ahand mortar. If everything is satisnV 'ban
tory when the ledge is reached, the com pat • bo;
will immediately erect a mill. The ledge is n< "ta<
large, but is very rich.
The Oro company have put two shifts * jjteiii
work in their mine, to put it in better order f' h tj
taking out quartz.
Discovery. — "Slug Canon George" has di
covered a quartz ledge in Slug canon that pro
pects well.
The trouble about water between the Bx
Mountain and the South Fork companies 1
been settled.
Started. — The Keystone mill, which ,1 «%.
been lying idle for several months, has
been started'.
We are informed that work is to be 00:
!«iii
;-'t
menced soon in the deep gravel mines un< H
the ridge below Gibsonville.
The Union company have found quite an 1
tensive bed of pay gravel in the back «
of their claim at Gibsonville.
New Mill. — The Independence quiokail'
mining company are considering the proprii *;,.;,
of putting in 20 new stamps. The mine *,[,.
said to be paying finely.
The Oak Ranch company will run their ti
ft >
K
Hay 8, 1875.] •
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
301
ahead. Where they raised their shaft the
xl-rock was pitching and the gravel of the
one quality as at Monte Crista.
ONOMA.
Co*l. — Petalunri Argus, April 30: Discov-
ies indicating the existence of valuable de-
>sits of coal have recently been made by £.
Rathburn and L. E. Brooke, of this city, on
• lands of Thomas Hopper, about two miles
st of his residence. The work of prospecting
e mine will be commenced soon. Two or
rce other parties are prospecting for coal in
mom a monutain.
Mining Items. — Russian River Flag, April
The Sotoyome mine bus two snifts work-
in one tunnel, and on last Friday struck
je matter containing cinnabar, 96 feet from
oath of tunnel.
Just now the quicksilver business is very
ill in this county. The Excelsior has sns-
nded work; the Geyser furnace has stopped
>rk, in order to increase its condensing
pacity, and many claim-owners in the variou-s
filing districts have discharged their hands,
'cksilver at GO cents a ponnd is not very
spiring.
The Mt. Jackdon has struck another fine
in of ore. The quality is the best we have
er s- en from that mine.
Capt. C. A. Eastman informs us that the
andering Jew mine (Sausal canon) is looking
tter than e^er before. He has made arrange-
ints for crushing six tons of ore at the Calis-
;a mill. The ore is to be shipped this week,
sides, he is bagging some more rock, to be
ipped to Sau Francisoo.
Thk Calistoga silver mine cleaned np $9,540,
1 days' run, week before last.
JOLUMNE
SoDXsnr Mink.— Union Democrat, May 1:
.st week at a depth of eight hundred feet in
south end of this mine, a fine vein of rich
artz was found. It is reported to be as rich
the ore whiob gave prominence to the mine
the days of its great prosperity. The south
i has never beep worked, and should this re-
it find prove to be as represented, it may be
>kcd for the "Soulsby" to take rank again
;h the large paying mines of the State.
Harks & Dakrow Quartz Mining Company.
rnolumne Independent, Mayl: The Fisher
6, which is the new hoisting Bhaft, is now
n some sixty feet, which is equal to 130
t below Nos. 3 and 4. A small- shipment of
was made on Monday last, which yielded,
mill process, nearly $300 per ton. This new
rking shaft has cut in its vertical course
very rich feeders, all tending to the mam
6, which dips into the hill at an angle of 27
rees. When the depth of 100 feet Bball
e been obtained, a drift to the ledge will be
and a level connecting with Nos. 2, 3 and
nd an upraise made to the two latter, of
n-ly 200 feet, and which will be the first
ft or level ever run in the mine. The ore
>me 480 tons on the dumps) having all been
en from the several prospecting shafts north
3 south in merely sinking an incline— fol-
ing the ledge. Having prospected the mine
te fairly, the more expensive work of a
"n hoisting or working shaft has recently
u commenced, with an increased force, and
>roving the continuity of the ledge to the ex-
be north.
Nevada.
fcSHOE DISTRICT.
3ons. Vibginia.— Gold Hill News, April 29:
ily yield, 500 tons of ore, keeping the mills
running up to their full working capacity,
t ore breasts and stopes on the 1500, 1400
1300-f t levels are all looking well and yield-
the usual amount of rich ore. The joint
t cross-cut on the 1400-ft level is still driven
orously ahead in the ore vein, the quartz
I ore being of fine favorable character. The
e of the east cross-cut on the 1200-ft level
cut the edge of the ore vein, and is show-
some streaks and spots of excellent ore.
Jalipobnia. — The enlargement of the main
th drift on the 1500-ft level for a large air
lery to connect with the Ophir mine and
s secure the thorough ventilation of the
il, is making steady and favorable progress.
SB-cut No.' 3 on the 1500-ft level is still driven
ward through the ore vein, the face in low
de ore. The face of cross-out Nos. 4 and 5
this level are still in good ore, as is also that
he north and south drift running in the ore
1 to connect cross-cuts Nos. 3 and 4. The
.t cross-cut on both the 1300 and 1400-ft
els are -energetically carried forward, that on
1400-ft level being in the ore vein, and the
er being just on the point of entering it.
king the winze from the 1400 to connect
h the 1500-fD level is. making good progress,
bottom still in ore.
)phir.— The ore stopes on the 1465-ft level
itinue u look well. The face of both the
t and west cross-drifts from the northeast
ft, at the bottom of the north winze, on the
0-ft level, are still in a fine character of ore.
Stjllion. — The east cross-cut from the north
't, on the 1700-ft level of the Imperial mine,
the ledge day before yesterday, which shows
3e fine ore prospects, and although nothing
be fully determined in a mine until the de-
>pments are completed, there seems hardly
abubt any more but that the Bullion is going
levelop into a paying mine.
!eown Point. — Daily yield, 500 tons of ore.
) ore breasts are all looking well and promise
ae yield for a long time yet to come. Pros-
ting the ledge at the 1600-ft level has de-
>ped nothing new during the week. Driving
main east drift on the 1700-ft level is mak-
ii good progress.
Caledonia. — The new shaft is now down and
thoroughly timbered to the depth of 115 feet.
The erection of the near air compressor i* about
completed. As soon as the compressor is ready
to run, a six inch pump will be attached for the
purpose of extracting aud keepiug down the
water in the shaft.
Belcukr. — The water is being rapidly ex-
tracted from the main in-line, although nearly
100 ft in depth yet remains in the shaft to hoist
to the surface. Nothing can be done in the
drifts on the 1500-ft level until the water is
drained. The bottoms of both the middle and
north winzes are still in ore. The ore breasts
are all looking well on the 1400-ft level, and
are yielding fully as good if not a little better
quality of ore than for some time past. Daily
yield, 500 tons.
Sucbha Nkvada. — The main east drift at the
700-ft level, now being run for the purpose of
prospecting the ore vein at that point, is mak-
ing rapid headway, the face still in a mixture
of clay, quartz and porphyry.
North San Francisco. —This is a new mine,
located oa the north end of the Gomstock lode,
a short distance north of the Geiger Grade toll
house, and- nearly on a north and south line
with the Utah, Sierra Nevada and Ophir claims.
The location is a fine one, the ledge cropping
out at two different points on the surface. A
fiue three-compartment working Bhaft has
been commenced, which is now down 30 ft,
finely timbered throughout.
Rock Island. — The main west drift at the
450-ft station is in 40 ft in fine working ground.
It is expected that this drift will' reach the ore
vein in a distance of 130ft from the shaft, as
the ledge has a strong eastward inclination
toward the shaft. The prospects for finding
ore when once the ledge is reached are certainly
very favorable.
Senator. — Durinc; the past week the south-
east drift on the 400-ft level cut the hanging
wall of the ledge, proving the ore vein to be 20
ft in width, and the quartz of a fine quality,
spots of which give assays of gold and silver.
Chollar-Potosi. — Daily yield, 40 tons of
ore, from the old upper workings. The aver-
age assay value of this ore is about $30 per
ton.
South California. — During the week a
couple of fine looking feeders of quartz have
put in an appearance at the bottom of the
shaft, one of which widens rapidly, and may
develop into something valuable. Water does
not interfere.
Utah. — Putting in the heavy stone founda-
tions for the new and powerful hoisting and
pumping machinery is making steady and rapid
progress. The new machinery is arriving by
the car-load almost daily.
Niagara. — Sinking the new shaft is making
rapid progress. The ore vein has every ap-
pearance of widening oat, and the ore at the
bottom of the shaft is of a fine character.
Lady Brtan. — The recent damige to the
pumping machinery has been folly repaired
and the water lowered 60 ft. The air connection
between the up-raise from the 180-ft level and
the winze from the level above is oompleted.
Sinking the winze below the 180-ft level is
making steady headway, the bottom stiJl in
ore,
Baltimore and American Flat. — The new
pumping and hoisting machinery is ull work-
ing with the utmost smoothness and perfection;
the shaft is being drained of water and work
resumed at all points on the 850 and 750-ft
levels. Cross-cats have been started too on
both the levels to cut the ledge, aud the pros-
pects for good ore developments in these mines
are growing more favorable every day.
Phil. Sheridan. — More seams of quartz
and black clay are coming in, and the indica-
tions are very promising for a good ore devel-
opment before long. There is evidently a val-
uable ledge ahead.
North Consolidated Virginia. — The shaft
is down 180 ft, the bottom still in ledge material
of a fine, favorable character. Assays, ranging
from $5 to $13 per ton, are frequently obtained,
giving great confidence in the future develop-
ments, when a greater depth is reached.
Moore & Morgan. — The cross-cuts in the
surf *ce workings continue to show ore which
experts pronounce to be of the same character
and texture as that found in the great bonanza
itself.
Tboy Consolidated.— The new steam hoist-
ing machinery is now in full and successful
operation, and sinking the shaft deeper is being
actively prosecuted.
Wells-Fargo. — Three shifts of hands, work-
ing night and day, are putting the shaft down
lively. The drift at the 150-ft level is in 40 ft.
SrjTRo Tunnel. — The cave mentioned in last
week's report is about 100 ft west of shaft No.
2. Being loose and sliding in from above, it is
found to be a very difficult job to drift through
the caved debris. But it is being done, how-
ever.
Pioneer Consolidated. — Shaft down over
100 ft, and the work being pushed lively night
and day, with three shifts of hands. Sinking
in ledge matter. Steam hoisting works will
soon be needed.
Dardanelles. — The machinery of the old
hoisting works of the mine is being fixed up
and made ready for action as fast as possible.
Daney. — Cross-cutting the ledge on the 400-
ft level will be resumed in a very few days.
Nevada. — The cross-cut of the lower level is
now passing into a softer and more favorable
character of matter, and shows indications of
approaching the main ore vein or chimney.
Globe Consolidated, — The pumping ma-
chinery has been, put in the most perfect con-
dition, and the extraction of the water from
the 400-ft level was commenced this morning.
Justice — The developments of the south
mine and at the 400-ft level go on as usual
with excellent prospects in sight, but no new
and important feature to make note of.
■J ci. iv — Sinking the main shaft is making
splendid headway, the n-w * Burleigh drills
working with the utmost perfection. Much
better progress can now be made thuo at any
time in the past, everything in and nb mt the
mine being in the most perfect working condi-
tion.
Original Gold Hill. — Air pipes have been
rnu through to the extreme end of the north
drift, allowing of good ventilation and working
to better advantage. The ore body developed
in the south drift shows splendidly, and the
new ore dump will be completed to-morrow or
next day, ready for ore extraction and milling
whenever the company shall desire.
South Comstook. — Shaft down 165 ft to-day.
The bottom of the shaft is in ledge matter,
quartz and clay piedomiuatiug.
WHITE PINE DISTRICT.
Elko Mine — White Pine News, May 1 : This
his always been considered a good mine, and
has encouraged the owners by its yield of good
ore, but recent developments places it among
the best mines of the district. At a depth of
136 feet they have struck the ledge, which is
six feet in width, and yielding carbonate ores
which assay way up into the hundreds. It is
the intention of the owners to take out a large
quantity of ore and ship to Eureka for reduc-
tion. This is one of the hundreds' of similar
mines in White Pine district lying idle for the
want of a furnace to work the ores. A few
more strikes like this will be sufficient comment
on the prejudice that exists against the mines
of this district. That this prejudice will be
swept away, and that soon, hardly admits of a
doubt, for no such fortunes as are here for
some oDe to reap, are going to be passed by for
any great length of time.
Montana.
The Black Leads. — Correspondence New
Northwest, April 16: The big strike before re-
ported caused a great excitement here, and the
days of 1864-5 are being lived over again. Old
time prejudices, though grown firm and strong,
melted in the crucible of excitement like wax
before the flame and left the man so divested
a willing victim to — quartz. Men were visible
in every direction with stakes in arms looking
for croppings to pounce upon, and it is now
immaterial whether they are green, black, or
blue, for one is as likely to be good as another.
But this result of all this re-locating will be
very beneficial to this district and to all directly
or indirectly interested in the prosperity of the
camp, as all the fragmentary property hereto-
fore mostly owned by outside "boiled shirt"
non-residents has reverted back to men who
will develop for a legitimate claim of 1500 linear
feet in a body. A new era is now dawning on
Summit valley mining district and its vast re-
sources will be more surely and speedily de-
veloped and the way thus prepared for ever
timid capital to invest. The T*avona shaft is
now 28 feet deep and the vein has been steadily
widening. About 1% 'tons of ore have been
sacked daily for shipment. On the Parrott lead
the different parties still continue stoping out
good ore. Messrs. John Downs & Co. are now
down 90 feet and are preparing to erect a whim
to dispose of the considerable body of water
comiDg into the mine, which is difficult to hoist
by manual labor.
The Pioneer company, Pioneer, expect to
start up in a few days now. Having had a 600-
inoh ditch for several' years, and last year pur-
chased the 400-inch Keystone ditch, they will
have plenty of water this season.
Oregon.
Academy of Sciences.
The regular semi-monthly meeting of the
California Academy of Sciences was held on
Monday evening last, Dr. H. W. Harkness in
1 he chair. The time of the meeting was prin-
cipally occupied with the reading of a carefully
prepared paper by Charles W. Brooks on "The
Origin of the Chinese Bices," the object of the
writer being to prove that the first Mongolians
came from Borne part of this continent, proba-
bly Peru. This paper was one which showed
unusual research and study, and is of great
general interest. Mr. Brooks has had an op-
portunity for following up this question, supe-
rior to most people. In his 'extensive travels
with the Japanese Embassy, he had with him
some of the ablest Japanese historians, men of
profound learning, who had made the history
of Eastern nations the study of a lifetime. He
availed himself of their knowledge on the
ancient languages while he was at the Vatican
library and that of the British museum, to ob-
tain translations of the old papyrus and hiero-
glyphs which had any bearing on the question,
and has really developed some interesting
facts.
The argument may be succinctly stated as
follows: Central Asia has hitherto had the
credit of being the cradle of mankind. Scien-
tists say that America is older, geographically,
than any part of the earth's surface. There-
fore in natural process of evolution, the abo-
riginal man must have appeared on this hem-
isphere, in the vicinity of the first rocky ele-
vation. The Chinese people are unlike any
other people on the continent of Asia. They
are hemmed in by mountains and the
great wall along their northern and western
frontier. They have had no communication with
other Asiatic peoples* from time immemorial.
According to this tradition, their first progen-
itors landed on the southern coast of China.
In looking for the place where they might
naturally have been brought by favoring winds
and currents, our attention is turned to Peru.
The records of that country show an immense
antiquity. Their civilization was extremely
ancient, and the remnants of an almond-eyed
race resembling the Mongolian are found in
the Peruvian mountains and also about the
headwaters of the Amazon. An armed vessel
or an invader might have gone in sixty days
from Peru to the southern coast of China.
Chinese records show that 3,588 year's before
Christ, Fo Ki, a stranger king, introduced the
recondite knowledge possessed by the Peruvi-
ans to the Chinese. The lower roots of the
Peruvian idiograph are connected with the 216
radicals of the Chinese language. These writ-
ings occur all through Asia, and aB far west as
the Pyramids.
The suggestions of these facts and the many
inferences to be drawn from them were elabo-
rated with much detail. It was shown tha4
while Peru had at one time 11,000,000 of in-
habitants, her industries had died out and her
population disappeared, China had gone on in-
creasing her . population indefinitely, and
achieved a high degree of civilization. The
paper was listened to with interest and ap-
plauded at the close.
It was announced that a class in archseology
was being formed at the Academy, so that all
who wish to join oan do so. It will be under
the charge of Mr. W. N. Lockington.
The President stated that at the next meet-
ing of the Academy Prof. Guerin would read
a paper on the "Sewerage System of San Fran-
cisco."
The meetings, hereafter, will be held at eight
o'clock, p. m., as announced by the Secretary.
Resources of Eastern Oregon. — Oregonian,
April 20: Our readers have became familiar
with the Virtue mine near Baker City, which
has been sending out its golden bricks for a
long time. The Virtue mill had a small begin-
ning, and oan make no pretentions to equality
with the great mills of Nevada, owned by San
Francisco capitalists; but it has successfully
opened one or more valuable mines, and is ex-
tending its operations constantly.
Then, there is the Rye valley mines, which
have already been demonstrated rich in both
gold and silver. There 1b a mill at Eye valley.
At Conner creek, also, is another splendid
mine of gold quartz, the richness of which is
already established by milling the rock.
At Rouen gulch near Baker City, the Mc-
Cloud brothers are working n gold bearing
"pocket ledge" in which the "pockets" are nu-
merous and very rich. The specimen shown
us from this ledge has $24 in gold in itf by
specific gravity test, and in aggregate weight
equivalent to. $32.
Over in Grant county, Mr. Cabell is working
a ledge of gold and silver, which in California
would be the basis of more "big bonanza" ex-
citement than a little. Th's rick a«siys$592
gold and $1,987.50 silver to the ton T.i« ma-
chinery with which this truly magnificent mine
is worked is a little mill of inferior capacity. _
Several other ledges known to be rich in
the precious metals and partially opened, are
waiting for some one to take hold of them..
And besides the precious metals, rich mines
of copper and cinnabar were discovered years
ago in Grant county, which would prove
sources of immense wealth if they were well
opened. There is no reason why Eastern Ore-
gon may not in time become as famous as any
other mining region in the world.
General News Items.
Among the late ventures in California journal-
ism is the Santa Cruz Local Item, published by
H. Coffin, late of the Gilroy Advocate. Mr.
Coffin seems determined to give his patrons a
live paper, and from the initial number, whioh
has come under our notice, he bids fair to suc-
ceed.
A man named John Reynolds, who, until
quite recently, was employed as waiter at the
Cosmopolitan Hotel, committed suicide last
Saturday at the West End House, by asphyx-
iating himself with gas.
Dispatches from various .points in the Penn-
sylvania coal regions report that the strike
is still in force, with disturbances at several
places.
Another letter in theBeecher business. This
time it is one from Mrs. Tilton to Judge Neil-
son. What its contents are is just now racking
the brains of the reporters to ascertain.
It has been ordered that a postoffice be es-
tablished at Allen's Camp, Kern county, Cali-
fornia, Henry Clay Coley, Postmaster.
A tsain of twenty-three cars loaded with oys-
ters reached San Francisco from the East Tues-
day. They nil be transplanted in the bay.
The criminal aspect of the Civil Rights bill
has been declared unconstitutional by a North
Carolina judge.
The new Palace Hotel at Napa was formally
opened last Friday evening.
A whale was seen in San Diego bay the
other day.
I The Pope is ill again.
802
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 8, 18751
popdi.411 LEcplM8-
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Thirteen tL Lecture delivered before the University of Cal
iforuia College of Agriculture, on Friday, February
6th, by Peof. C. E. Besset.
Our Timber Trees.
To the student, as well as to the practical
man, the timber producing trees of the Pacific
slope furnish a topic of great interest. A well
grown tree is a grand object, interesting to
every one, from the dreamer who only asks of
it that it throw its shade over him, to the
lumberman who asks it to yield him the boards,
planks, joists and Bhingles so snugly packed
away within its shaggy bark; doubly interest-
ing to the lover of nature, who studies its forms
and dwells upon its beauty as if it were au ani-
mate thing, who loves it as a fallow creature,
and who mourns as for a friend when some
ruthless hand fells it. "Wonderful machines
tre*esare, pumping up day after day tons of
water, which they allow to steam through the
millions of breathing poreB in their leaves ; send-
ing their roots down into the darkness of the
earth among the rocks and roots, and bringing
up from thence the materials with which they
build tall shafts which out-top all other living
things. They are nature's master-pieces. . Go
and stand be&ide the gigantic Sequoias of the
Calaveras or Mariposa groves, the Auracarias
of Norfolk island, or the monstrous gum trees
of Australia, and you are with the largest living
things on earth.
"What thing of life can claim even half the
antiquity of some of the trees now growing?
Our largest redwoods were seedlings one thous-
and years ago. Run back if you can over all
the changes our English speaking race has
seen durirjg the time these redwoods were
growing.
Thirty one centuries ago the Big Trees of
California burst their seed coats and began their
long reaching toward the skies, .began
adding cell to cell for the construction of spires
which should withstand the storms of more
than three thousand years. Thirty-one hun-
dred years ago,
Twelve Centuries Before Christ,
When the names of which old Homer sung
were still fresh in the memories of men. Our
people, our civilization, and our religion have
risen since these giant trees began existence.
But what shall we say for the great dragon
tree which until within a few years wa9 stand-
ing upon the island of Teneriffe? Careftil esti-
mates placed its age at considerably more than
five thousand years. When Moses wrote his
account of the world, this dragon tree had been
for more than a thousand years braving
the storms which swept down upon it from the
ocean; when our Sequoias were tiny sprouting
plants, it had already seen more than twenty
centuries; when Rome was in her glory, this
ancient tree had passed the meridian of its life.
This. one living thing spanned with its life the
known world; its youth was in the pre-historio
past, its old age extended to our present.
Interesting as these inquiries are, I wish,
to-night, to call your attention to another view
of the matter. Trees, if usable, represent dol-
lars and cents, but if unfit for use, their com-
mercial value is nothing. Now the uses which
give value are many; without attempting to
enumerate all, they are such as the following:
they may furnish food, medicines, limber,
gums, balsams, perfumes, spices, dyts, orna-
ments, etc. But few trees are so poor as not to
furnish one or more of these. With us the
great demand is that our trees furnish timber.
The question of the lecture then, shall be,
What Trees Furnish us with Timber?
A convenient division of timbt-r trees is into
"Boft. wood" and "hardwood" varieties; aud
under these names timber men and lumber
dealers buy and sell the woods found iu the
marktt. To the soft wood division belong all
the pines, redwoods, firs, spruces, cedars,
arches and other cone-bearing trees, as well as
the poplars, cotton woods, lindens, white-
wood and a tew others. Iu the bard wood di-
visions are found the oaks, beeches, chestnuts,
hickories, walnuts, elms, ashes, laurels, cher-
ries, maples, locusts and many others.
Among the soft wooded trees the pines stand
as of the greatest importance. There are many
species which are abundantly distributed
throughout the northern half of the globe, and
in every country one or more species seem es-
pecially adapted to meet the wants of civilized
man.
The Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris, called
also the Scotch fir, is a tree found in Europe
and Northern Asia. It is a fine tree, growing
best in the mbuntainous districts, where it at-
tains the height of upwards of eighty feet,
with a diameter of from four to five feet. Its
lumber is known in England under the names
of red and yellow deal, and is largely used for
many purposes.
The white pine, .Pinus strobus, called also
Weymouth pine, is a native of the Northern
United States, In Maine, Vermont, New
Hampshire. New York, Michigan, Wisconsin
and Minni sota, vast acres were formerly cover-
ed by this pine. It is a tall, slender tree, often
in the dense forests attaining a hight of two
hundred feet, with a diameter of but four to
five feet. Its wood is for the Northern States
what the Scotch pine is for the countries of
Europe. It is white, easily worked, reasonably
strong and durable, not given to warping or
checking, and besides," it takes paint well, all of
which qualities at once -commend it to the
builder and manufacturer.
Its Uses are Almost Numberless.
Yellow pine, Pinus australis, is found grow-
ing in the Son'hern Atlantic States, especially
in Georgia and Florida, where it forms exten-
sive forests. This is the pine of the South,
replacing the white pine of the North. It is
not as large a tree as its Northern relative,
attaining an average hight of less than one
hundred feet. ItB wood is yellowish in color,
dense, heavy and gummy. When dry it be-
comes very hard, and is then quite difficult to
work. Although used in the South for almost
all kiods of work, it is especially fitted for use
as flooring, and for this purpose it is largely
brought t6 the Northern markets.. It is even
used Bomewhat in California for this purpose;
a large cargo was landed a short time ago for
the Palace Hotel, in the city.
The sugar pine, Pinus Lambertiana, of Cali-
fornia, may be said to be the Western repre-
sentative of the foregoing trees. It is botani-
cally a very near relative of the white pine of
the East, which it resembles very closely in
everything excepting size, being a gianfo as
compared with its Eastern congener. Place
two boards side by side, the one from the
white pine, the other from the sugar pine, and
it would be a most difficult thing to tell which
was which. If California had no other conifers,
sugar pine would be used for as many purposes
as the white pine, but yon are so fortunate as
to have three or four others having different
qualities, so that the use of sugar pine is
somewhat restricted. On account of its light-
ness,-firmness, strength, ease of working, free-
dom from warping, and readiness to take paint,
it is largely used fur doors, sashes and blinds.
The redwood tree, Sequoia sempervirens, is
the great lumber producing tree of California.
It is not a pine, but is more nearly a cypress,
having cenes and leaves much more nearly
resembling the latter than the former. It is
peculiar to this coast, and even here it appears
restricted to certain favorable localities. Dr.
Gray considers the redwoods (including the
giant trees, which are near relatives), as the
remnants, so to speak, of
A Former Gigantic Race of Trees,
Which extended throughout the northern
hemisphere, climatic and other changes
having destroyed them long ago in all
countries but California. Beyond the Sierras
here and there we find the fossil remains of
gigantic trees; and we can trace them away
Eastward, even into Northern Asia, Here
alone in favored California has the climate re-
mained stable enoughto permit their continuance
to the present. But even here there has been
some change; for now the redwoods are some-
what restricted to certain districts, while we
know from fossil and other remains that they
once covered portions of the State where now
none are to be found. On the tops of the
Coast Range mountains are roots anfl pieces of
stumps of ancient redwood iorests. They rep-
resent a dying race, which specially favoring
conditions have given a little longer lease on
life.
The Douglas spruce, Abies Douglasii, is a
native of the Rocky Mountains, Sierra and
California regions. A beautiful tree, it was
long ago taken tc Europe as an ornamental
tree for the parks and gardens. Here it is
chiefly interesting on acco"unt of its timber,
which is much sought afier by railroad men.
Its durability when in the ground makes it
very valuable for ties and posts, for which it
is much used. It is also brought into the
market as boards and planks under the name of
spruce lumber. _
Oregon pine and Oregon fir are names ap-
plied to a very valuable timber- brought to our
market from Oregon and Northern California^
The name pine is not properly applicable to
this tree, as it belongs to the bufameal genus,
Abies, tho ■ pruces and firs. The wood is firm,
light, very strong, elastic and durable. It is
used for many purposes, the most inipoi taut of
which is ship building. Ships have been made
of this timber throughout, aud upon trial have
been found as strong as if made from the oaks
and other hard woods.
"SoltWood Ships,"
As they are called on account of the lightness
of their materials, sink less into the water under
a given weight of cargo, than do those made of
the heavier woods.
Masts and spars of this timber after bending
under heavy winds for days or weeks, as soon
as released from the' strain straighten up again
as before.
There are many other soft wood trees of this
region which are now somewhat used, and
which no doubt could be utilized if we knew
more as to their strength, durability and other
qualities. Among these are several pines, yel-
low pine, P. ponderosa; nut pine, P. sabiniana;
Monterey pine, P. insignis. Several additional
ones belong to the genus Abies — the spruces
and firs might be added to the list — as also tbe
giant arbor vitrei of Oregon, Thuja; the west-
ern larch, Larix; western red cedar, Juniperus;
California white cedar, Libocedrus; and Borne
others. Of other soft wood trees than the con-
ifers, California has none worth mentioning,
and with the exception of the tulip tree, Lirio-
dendron, of the Eastern United Suites, none of
them are greatly to be de'sired. With so many
valuable soft woods at her command, California
has but little need of more, and yet it cannot
be denied that
No Tree on this Coast
Furnishes a timber which can exactly replace
the wood of the tulip tree, the whitewood or
yellow poplar of the Atlantic States.
Among the hard wood trees the oaks occupy
the same relative position as do the pines
among the soft wooded ones.
British oak, Quercus sessiliflora and Q pedun-
culaia, is known wherever British ships have
gone. This toagh, heavy, durabie wood has
always been a favorite with British ship build-
ers, and the superiority of the Biitish navy, no
doubt, is largely due to the fact that these oaks
have always been easily obtained. So import-
ant have they been considered, that long ago
great plantations of them were made a»d care-
fully guarded. Hundreds of the British vessels
now floating were made from the oaks which
grew from the acorns which
Careful, Thoughtful Hands Planted,
Perhaps two centuries ago.
The live oak, Quercas virens, of the Southern
Atlantic States; is for American shipping what
British oak iirfor England. Unfortunately for
us, as a native it grows somewhat south of the
points where the most of our ships are built,
and so it has never been used as much as it
might have been, had it been a native of the
whole country. California oannot as yet boast
of an oak equal to either of the foregoing, pos-
sibly because we hardly yet know anything
about the native species.
Our common evergreen oak, Quercus agrifolia,
so common in and about Oakland, thus far has
been considered useless as a timber tree. Pos-
sibly by proper preparation it may yet be
turned to some u?e.
Tan-bat k oak, Quercus densiflora, growing in
Central California, is now coming into use for
the manufacture of wagons and agricultural
implements. Under proper preparation it be-
comes hard, tough aud durable.
Canon oak, Quercus chrysolepis, found in the
ravines and canons of the mouutaiu ranges, is
tough and durable, and is said to be of value in
ship building. It has, however, been but lit-
tle used.
The walnut of Europe, Juglans regia, is a
tree of considerable value in the countries
where it grows. In the United States, west-
ward to the Missouri river, it is replaced by the
black walnut, Juglans nigra, a tree of a thick,
heavy growth, producing a valuable dark colored
wood, much used for furniture and inside work
in houses. Its near relation, the butternut
or white walnut, J. cintrea, is a smaller tree,
producing a lighter colored wood, valuable for
the same purposes as the former.
In Calitornia a species nearly allied to the
black walnut is' found rather sparingly. Its
wood is valuably, and is used to some extent as
a substitute for the former species. It would
be well to
Plant Freely,
Not only of the native species, but also of the
European, which makes a rapid growth here,
and of the black walnut, which, though not a
rapid grower, can be made to do well.
The hickory is one of the finest of the trees
of the Northern United States. In its bearing
it is not very unlike the pines; its straight stem
is surmounted by a more or less conical top,
often at a very great hight from the ground.
Its wood is white, hard, heavy and tough, and
when properly protected quite durable. As it
is subject to the attacks of certain
Wood Ealing Insects,
It is not much used in large or heavy pieces, its
greatest value being found when employed in
sticks or pieces but little more than an inch in
diameter. For axles and spokes of wagons and
carriages, for handles for tools, and for the
smaller parts of agricultural implements it is
valuable. California has no native hickory,
hence it is found to be quite difficult to grow it
here. Possibly in the foot hills it mi^ht be
grown. It is an experiment worth trying, to
make a plantation of hickories in some of the
eastern counties, for the State has no wood
wha'ever which can exactly replace it.
Tbe elms, are found in great abundance
throughout most of the States east of the gre t
plains. Some »f the species are quite valuable,
though "he liability to warp is a serious obj<c
lion. Europe has a fine elm, the Eastern
States have two valuable ones, but California
has none. Some of the elms are found to grow
qui:e well- in some localities in this State, and
uo duubt cou'd be grown in sufficient quantities
to meet nil the demands for elm lumber.
Thft Ash.
Here again we find, first a species in Europe,
which is replaced in the Eastern States by the
American white ash, a tall, majestic tree, pro-
ducing a white, light, tough and durable tim-
ber. On account of these desirable qualities
it is largely used in the manufacture of agri-
cultural implements. For very many purposes
it is preferable to hickory; as it is not so heavy
while it is very nearly as strong, andpossesses,
besides, the addit onal advaut<ge ihat it is
made free from the wofk of the powder. posting
insects. In Western California and in Oregon
a small sized ash occurs in sufficient abundance
to ba used in manufacturing somewhat.
The Maples, of which there are many species,
are divided into two groups — the hard maples,
and the soft maples, referring to the character
of the wood. The hard maple, or as it is also
known as the sugar maple, of the Eastern!
States, occurs as far west as the Missouri river.1
In favorable localities it becomes a large trete'jt
one hundred feet in hight, with a diameter of I
from two to three or more feet. When dry its
wood is hard, and capable of receiving a highi
polish. The soft maples, of which there arei
several Eastern speoies, have a much softer
and less durable wood. It is, when kept
dry, valuable for furniture, and is largely used"
for that purpose. In Northern California and'
Oregon a maple occurs which may be considered1
as the western representative of the soft maple
of the East. It is used considerably.
There are three timber trees peculiar to Cali-
fornia which are well worth mentioning; they
are the
California Laurel, the Madrona and the Man-
zanita.
The California laurel (Oredd'tphue Californica).
is peculiar to 'this slope of the continent. Its:
wood is valuable, and no doubt when we have>
learned more fully how to use it, it will be of
more value still.- The Madrona furnishes a
hard, heavy, light colored wood, which is, or
can be made to be quite valuable. The Man.'
zanita grows usually as a shrub from which it
is difficult to get large pieces of timber. Occa-
sionally, however, it is of sufficient size so that
good blocks several feet long and from four to'
six inches thick may be secured. This wood ia
very beautiful, much resembling mahogany,
but beiog much heavier and harder. It oin be
made into many small articles of use and orna-
ment and no doubt by proper care and culture
it might be grown into a much larger tree.
Among the important woods, of this coast not
belonging to California, are those recently
brought into use from Mexico. The most im-,
portant one is what is known as Prima vera
or white mahogany, a white wood resembling
in many of its characters the hickory of the'
East. It is used extensively in the manufacture!
of fine furniture, and also for htreet cars, as
well as for maDy other purposes.
Summing up the whole matter we find that
California is better supplied with coniferous
soft woods than perhaps any other country on
the globe, having no less than twelve which are
more or less valuable. It has, however, but
few soft woods aside from the conifers whioh:
are of any value. It is decidedly wanting rtf.
valuable hard wood trees. *
In order that the native woods of thi3 coast
may be ef greatest use there is great need of
Thorough and Exhaustive Tests,
As to their strength, their durability and their
working qualities. There is no doubt in my
mind but that when they are known we shall
find that many of the trees which we now pass
by as valueless are in reality very useful. I
am glad to be able to announce that such teals
as those of which I have spoken will be madfli
this year at the' university. Only a few days;
a-go the arrangements were completed for
beginning the work. In this work I trust yda
are all interested, and I further trust that you
will give it a hearty support as a worthy work
of a great and growing university.
I have thus thrown hastily together a few of
the facts connected with this subject in order
to call your attention to tbe sources of our
timber supply — the kinds of woods we have,
those we lack, and the need of a further devel-
opment, so to speak, of our own woods.
Trusting that the matter presented has not
been altogether devoid of interest, that it may
receive further thought from you, that you may
help to develop this portion of California's ■
resources, thereby adding to its wealth and its
material prosperity, thanking you for your at-'
tention and patience, I bid you good night.
Coal in Nevada. — Learned experts declared
that there was no coal in Nevada, but they are*
now shown to be wrong, for coal is found at
various points in the State, and in due time I
good producing mines of it will be developed ;
and made available as the cheap fuel of the
future. It is found at Crystal 'Peak, near the
western border of tbe State, also away out in
the eastern section. Nearer home, we have the
Virginia and the Black Diamond companies
actively developing the r miues the other side
of Carson river, in El Dorado cauon and a
little beyond. Boih produce a very respectable
article of coal, which burns well and is made
praciical use of both iu sioves and in ihe pro-
duction of steam. We noticed a ft w days since,
in Virginia, a huge lump of the coal from the
Virginia coal cowpunv's mine, in El Dorado
cinon. It was brought in a few days ago as ft
t-pecimen by a gentleman who picked it from
tue dump while passing, and put it in his
bu»t;y. This coal is of the laminated brown
Jigniie -variety, strongly hi umii.ons, and burn-
ing to clean white ashes. There appears to be
plenty of it and each underly ing stratum shows
improvement. "Where it can be cheaply trans-'
ported by means of a railroad, and furnished in
quantity, that coal will be found to be a valu-
able commodity in the way of cheap fuel.
Thus, however, the opinions of experts are set
at naught, and coal is found to exi^t in Nevada
as well as California. — Gold Hill News.
In tbe Julia mine on the Comstoc-k, Bur'eigb
drlls of tbe latt^t improved .pat rem a>e beifcg
placed in the fbaft, and a six inch air pipe con-
nected with the new powerful compressor with
which to drive tbem. Everything will be in
readiness to give these drills a trial to morrow.
It is confidently expected that the progress of
sinking will be doubled when the driHsare once
in good running order.
May 8, 1875.]
MfNING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
303
UsEfllL If^O^K^JION,
Recipes for the Shop.
Paiht pob Bfiiied Wood. — The simplest,
and perhaps bent, paint to prevent buried wood
from decaying is made of boiled Unseed oil,
into which charcoal is stirred until the whole
is of proper consistence. Apply with an ordinary
paint brush.
Copper Alloy that will Adhere to Glass.
— The following alloy of copper will attach
i^t If firmly to surfaces of metalt glass or por-
celain: 20 to 30 parts finely blended copper
(made by reduction of oxide of copper with
hydrogen or precipitation from solution of its
sulphate with zinc) are made into a paste with
oil of vitriol. To this add 70 parts mercury and
triturate well; then wash out the aoid with boil-
ing water and allow the compound to cool. In
ten or twelve hours it becomes sufficiently hard
to receive a brilliant polish and to scratch the
surface of tin or gold. When heated it becomes
plastic, but does not contract on cooling.
Polish [Net Coppbb ob Brass. — Owing to the
irregularities of surface, it often happens that
considerable difficulty is encountered in putting
a polish on articles of brass or copper. If,
however, they be immersed in a bath composed
of aqua fortis 1 part, spirits of salt 6 parts, and
water 2 parts, for a few minutes if small, or 20
or 30 if large, they will become oovered with a
kind of blackmud, which, on removul by rinsing,
displays a beautiful lustrous under surface.
Should the luster be deemed insufficient, the
immersion may be repeated, care always being
taken to rinse thoroughly. All artioles cleaned
in this way shonld be dryed in hot dry sawdust.
Filing.
This seems an easy matter to the uninitiated.
A simple thing to run a file over a piece of
metal. This is far from being the case; for a
skillful workman will, in a given time, cut
away a far greater quantity of metal with a file
than one who is unskillful, for he makes every
tooth cut into the work, instead of rubbing over
U. To do this, he must adapt the pressure and
velocity of motion of the file to the coarseness
of the teetb, and the hardness, brittleness, and
toughrets of the material he is working upon.
To file fiat requires much practice; that is,
to avoid rounding the edges of a narrow piece
of work. Many apprentices find this a most
difficult thing to do; in faot there are some
who never succeed in filing, smoothing, and
polishing without rounding the edges of their
work.
The power of filing squarely and well is one
of the marks of a good watchmaker.
In filing fiat surfaces, itis quite an advantage
to use a cork to rest the work upon when the
form of it will admit of so doirjg — place the
cork in the vise — use the file with one hand,
the pressure on the file being communicated
by the forefinger. It is mainly to aid the work-
man in filing fiat that the rounded or bellied
form is given to files.
The Art of Drawing.
The art of drawing, by which we imitate
everything that is beautiful, and transfer to
paper or canvas the creations of our imagina-
tion, is not only pleasing as an accomplishment,
but is also of practical utility in every branch
of study. All cannot expect to attain to equal
excellence; there is no one who does not pos-
ses some little taste, which, with proper culti-
vation, will develop itself in some degree of
artistic beauty. As in music, so in drawing,
to become a master of the art requires long
labor and constant application; and still it is
within the reach of all to acquire such a knowl-
edge, and such an experience, as to produce
pleasing effects and cultivate our tastes for the
beautiful in art and nature. If we put our
mind and hand to the work we may feel sure of
the most gratifying results; and each succes-
sive difficulty overcome, and every new idea
gained, will add knowledge, experience and
encouragement.
The proper materials for drawing are either
black lead pencils, or black lead fixed in a
port-crayon, charcoal, red, black or white
chalk, pastils or crayons, pens or hair pencils,
and Indian ink. Black is as proper in the be-
ing to practice after the plainer lines, etc., as
any other material, and the stroke it makes,
being smooth, will please the young beginner
better than what is effected by crayons.
Performance of Small Engines. — A corre-
spondent of the Scientific American has been
trying to arrive at a practical test of the value
of the nominal horse power of small steam en-
gines. He communicates the result as follows:
"Some time ago I tried an experiment with a
two horse power engine, in order to ascertain
how it compared with the power of a horse.
The latter, working in a treadmill attached to
a 22 inch circular saw, was two hours in saw-
ing a cord of pine wood, making four cuts and
five stioks. The engine attached to the same
saw performed the same amount of work in
jnst forty -five minutes; the cylinder was 3%
inches in diameter by 6 inches stroke. Steam
pressure was 35 to 4.0 lbs., and the revolutions
of the engine about 300 a minute. The power
was transmitted through a 4 inch belt running
from a 19 inch balance wheel on the engine,
directly to the pulley on the saw. The horse
could stand the work only part of the day at a
time ; bnt the engine was good for every hour
in the day and every day in the week.
Shrinking of Seasoned Timber.
The shrinking of timber works a greater det-
riment to the wheelwright than to the work of
any other artisan, hence no one should be
more thoroughly informed with regard to the
character of the timber he is called upon to
manipulate than the wheelwright. A late
number of the American Builder contains 6ome
hints in thin direction, which we give below:
The various kinds of oak, and Borne other
kinds of valuable timber, will shrink more or
less every time the surface is dressed off even a
small fraction of an inch. Wheelwrights, ac-
customed to work in oak, are well aware of
this fact,*and a correct appreciation of it often
enables them to turn out work of a superior
character, even of ordinary materials, by first
blocking out the pieces roughly, then allowing
the timber to season, and afterwards working
the various parts by degrees, as the seasoning
process becomes more and more complete.
White oak spoke timber, for example, may be
allowed to remain in rough state half a score of
years, under shelter, without becoming sea-
soned so thoroughly that the timber will not
shrink after the spokes have been dressed out.
Carriage wheels have often been made of the
choicest of oak timber after every spoke had
been seasoned for several years, and, to the
great surprise of the wheelwright, every spoke
would work in the joints before the vehicle had
run three months. The defect in such in-
stances could not be attributed to inferior tim-
ber nor to perfunctory workmanship; but
simply to this one circumstance— that the
parts of the wheels were put together before
the timber had ceased to shrink.
To prove that the best quality of oak will
shrink after a spoke has been dressed out, let
a tenon be made on one end and driven imme-
diately into a mortise; after a few days' expo-
sure in a warm workshop the spoke may be
easily withdrawn. The same fact will hold
good in the manufacture of woodwork of any
kind where oak is employed for tenons. In
order to make joints that will never start, the
piece on which the tenons are to be made should
be dressed over Beveral times, until the shrink-
ing has ceased. Then let the tenons be made.
After these have shrunk, while exposed to the
drying influences of a warm workshop, the
spokes, or other parts, may be driven into
their respective places, with the assurance
(especially if they are dipped in oil paint pre-
vious to driving,) that the timber will shrink
no more.
Many kinds of farming implements, in the
manufacture of whioh oak and ash are used, ren-
der very unsatisfactory service, simply because
the seasoned timber was not allowed to shrink
before the tenons were driven into the mor-
tises. In like manner, oak chairs, and other
oak furniture, will frequently shrink to such an
extent that the pommelsy rungs, dowel-pins
and banisters will all work loose, if the pre-
caution we have described is not observed.
I- Rotary Engines.
The rotary engine is a favorite subject of ex-
periment with inventors, which they do not
suffer to lapse into obscurity for want of per-
severance. At the fair of the American Insti-
tute, last fall, there were four or five of these
machines, varying in design and detail, but
uniform in the theory npon which steam was
applied. The simplicity of the rotary engine
is an argument advanced in its favor by per-
sons who.imagine that it will one day come into
general use; yet some of the most complicated
engines we have seen are upon this principle.
There has long been more than a suspicion in
the minds of manufacturers that there must be
a good reason for the want of confidence shown
toward this form of steam engine, and engi-
neers know that, for a given amount of power,
a rotary engine requires a much larger boiler
than a reciprocating engine. A careful and
systematic trial was made last fall at the fair of
all the rotary engines present, and sets at rest
the question of economy. The results show
that to produce one horse power per' hour the
best rotary engine required twelve pounds of
coal ; while the commonest reciprocating engine,
with a properly constructed side valve, does
not take more than four to six pounds of coal
per horse power per hour. Instances are on
record where a'horse power has been produced.
with less than two pounds. One test at the
fair showed that one engine present took forty-
five pounds of coal per horse power per hour.
Despite the unfavorable showing, as above,
it should by no means be considered decisive
against all possible rotary engine devices. The
problem of a practical rotary engine may be a
difficult one to solve, but it should not yet be.
considered an impossible one. The advan-
tages of a direct. over a reciprocal motioninthe
steam engine are enough'to serve as a power-
ful stimulus to invention in this direction. A
large recompense is is sure to come to the in-
ventor of a thoroughly practical rotary steam
engine.
A TONNEL tJNDEB THE STBATTS OF GlBEALTAE
A company has recently been formed in Spain,
the object of which is to nnite Europe and
Africa by a tunnel under the Straights of Gib-
raltar, between Tarifa and Algesiras on the
Spanish coast to Ceuta and Tangier on the
Morocco shore. The submarine portion will
be nine miles in length. The enterprise offers
more difficulties than the similar work under
the English channel, although the latter will
have more than twice the length as the maxi-
mum depth of the channel at the point to be
traversed is but; 163 feet, while tjjat of the
straits is 2,621 feet.
Qood He^ltH*
Using the Same Towel.
Health follows neatness and disease the de-
parture from it. The use of the same towel by
many, common in a public place, though more
allowable than the use of the same tooth brush,
is nevertheless a not much healthier practice.
A prominent oculist says that the contagious
Egyptian or granular inflammation of the eyes
is spreading rapidly throughout the country,
and adds, "I have in many, and I may say in
the majority of cases been able to trace the
disease to the use of the so-called rolling
towels. Such towels are generally found in our
country hotels and the sleepiug apartments of
the working classes, and being thus used by
nearly every one, are madecarriersofoneof the
most dangerous, and as regards its symptoms,
most troublesome diseases of the eye. I there-
fore would strongly recommend that the use of
the rolling towel be abolished, for thereby we
will discard one of the great instruments for
the spread of such a dangerous disease of the
eye, by which thousands of workingmeu are
annually deprived of their means of support."
Apoplexy — What Produces It. — A middle-
aged physioian once said to the writer: "As
I was walking down the street after dinner I
felt a shock in the back of my neok, as if some
one had struck me; I have not felt well since.
I fear I shall die, just as all my ancestors have,
of paralysis. What shall I do? " The answer
wasc "Diminish the tension on the blood
vessels, and there need be no fear of tearing
them in aweak place." Now this expresses in
plain terms the exact cause of apoplexy in the
majority of instances; and it is one, too, which
every one has it in his power to prevent.
A blood vessel of the brain, from causes
which will presently be mentioned, has lost
some of its elastic strength; food is abundant;
digestion is good; blood is made in abundance,
but little is worked off by exercise; the tension
on every artery and vein is at a maximum rate;
the even circuitous flow is temporarily impeded
at some point, throwing a dangerous pressure
on another; the vessel which has lost its elastic
strength gives way, blood is poured out, a clot
is formed, which, by its pressure on the brain,
produces complete unconsciousness. This is
the apoplectic stroke. It will be perceived that
there are two leading conditions upon which the
production of the stroke depends: a lessened
strength in the vessel, and an increased tension
on it. — Popular Science Monthly.
Simple Dyspepsia Remedies, — Dyspepsia
arises from a great variety of causes, and differ-
ent persons are relieved by different remedies,
according to the nature of the disease, the con-
stitution of the patient and condition of the
stomach. We know of a lady who has derived
great benefit from drinking a tumbler of sweet
milk — the richer and fresher the better— when-
ever a burning sensation is experienced in the
stomach. An elderly gentleman of our ac-
quaintance, who was afflicted for many years
with great distress after eating, effected a cure
by mixing a tablespoonful of wheat bran in
half a tumbler of water, and drinking it half
an hour after meals. It. is necessary to stir
quickly and drink immediately, or the bran
will adhere to the glass and become pasty.
Coffee and tobacco are often very detrimental
to persons troubled with dyspepsia. As a gen
eral thing they should be avoided by persons
afflicted with dyspepsia; although they may.not
be especially injurious to some constitutions,
when used moderately. Regular eating of nour-
ishing plain food, and the use of some simple
remedies like the above, will effect in most
cases quicker cures than medicines obtained
from the druggist.
Mind and Health. — The mental condition
has far more influence upon the bodily health
than is generally supposed. It is no doubt
true that ailments of the body cause depressing
and morbid conditions of the mind; but it is no
less true that sorrowful and disagreeable emo-
tions produce disease in persons who, unin-
fluenced by them, would be in Bound health:
or if disease is not produced, the functions are
disordered, itot even physicians always con-
sider the importance of this faot. Agreeable emo
tions set in motion nervous currents, which stim-
ulate blood, barin, and every part of the system
into healthful aotivity; while grief, disappoint-
ment of feeling, and brooding over present
sorrows or past mistakes, depress all the vital
forces. To be physically well one must, in
general, be happy. The reverse is not always
true; one may be happy and cheerful, and yet
be a constant Bufferer in body— Brooklyn Jour
nal of SduoaUon,
Remedy fob Neuealgia. — A friend of ours
who suffered severe pains from neuralgia, hear-
ing of a noted physician in Germany who in-
variably cured the disease, crossed the ocean
and visited Germany for treivzuei t. He was
permanently cured after a short sojou u, and
the doctor freely gave him the simple remedy
used, which was nothing but a poultice and tea
made from our common field thistle. The
leaves are macerated and UBed on the part
affected as a poultice, .while a small quantity of
the leaves are boiled down to the proportion of
a quart to a pint and a small wine glass of the
decoction drank before each meal. Our friend
says he has never known it to fail of relief,
while in almost every case it has effected
cure.
Domestic Eco^o^y*
Is Alcohol Food?
This is one of the questions of the present
day to whioh the voice of scientific men returns
various answers. The prevailing idea seems
to be that it is food in a very small degree.
The latest authoritative announcements on the
subject have been made in a very interesting
series of leotures by Dr. Richardson. He
comes to the couolusion that alcohol oanoot by
any ingenuity of excuse for it be classified
among the foods of man. It neither supplies
matter for construction nor heat. On the con-
trary, it injures construction and reduces tem-
perature. This conclusion is the result of a
long series of experiments, extending over three
years, on warm-blooded animals of various
kinds, including birds ; on the human subject
in health and on the same subject under alco-
holic disease.
Foods, as supplied to the human system, are
of two kinds, tissue-building foods and heat-
supplying foods. Nitrogenous bodies perform
labor of the first kind, tissue-building, and
probably are, to a small extent, heat-produ-
oers too. Alcohol, however, contains no ni-
trogen and oannot therefore rank as a tissue-
building food. This conclusion will surprise
many who have noticed how ale fattens people,
but this fattening is the result not of the alco-
hol but of the sugar or starchy matter which is
taken along with it, and it would appear that
drinkers of pure spirit, i. e., spirit unmixed
with sugar do not fatten upon it.
There is no doubt but that alcohol is used up
in the body, that it is assimilated in some man-
ner. Careful and long continued experiments
have been made by many scientific men on this
subject The late Dr. Anstie, especially, made
some exhaustive experiments in the matter,
and came to the conclusion that of the alcohol
administered but a very small fraction was
yielded by all the secretions combined. He
proved that an animal, a terrier dog, weighing
10 lbs., could take with comparative impunity
nearly 2,000 grains of absolute alcohol in ten
days, and that on the last day of his regimen,
he only eliminated by- all the channels of elim-
ination 1.13 grains of- alcohol. This fact was
of itself sufficiently remarkable, but another
still more important remains to be told. In
completion of his researoh after an animal had
been treated with alcohol, as above described,
Anstie killed it, instantly and painlessly, two
hours after it had received the last quantity —
95 grains — of spirit. Then the whole body,
including every fragment ot tissue with all the
fluid and solid contents, was subjected to an-
alysis, with the result of discovering only 23.66
grains of spirit.
Alcohol, it thus appears, is decomposed in the
animal body. By its decomposition in air,
heat and power may be obtained, and why .nay
it not then in the other case? The answer to
this is, that it is not. As a result of his re-
searches Dr. Bichardson recognizes four pro-
gressive stages of change of animal function
from alcohol, which are shortly desoribed as
follows:
The first is a stage of excitement when there
exists that relaxation and injection of the blood
vessels of the minute circulation with whioh
we have become conversant. The second is
the stage of excitement with some muscular in-
ability and deficient automatic control. The
third is a stage of rambling, incoherent, emo-
tional excitement, with loss of voluntary mus-
cular power, and ending in helpless uncon-
sciousness. The fourth and final stage is that
in which the heart itself begins to fail, and in
which death in extreme iustanoes of intoxica-
tion oloses the scene. These stages are .devel-
oped in all the warm-blooded animals, and the
changes of temperature throughout the whole
are relatively the same.
In fhe first stage the external temperature of
the body is raised. In birds — pigeons— the
rise may amount to a full degree on Fahren-
heit's scale; in mammals it rarely exceeds half
a degree. In man it may rise to half a degree,
and in the confirmed inebriate I have seen it
jun up to a degree and a half. The heat felt
in this stage might be considered as due to the
combustion of the alcohol; it is not so, it is in
truth a process of cooling.
In the second stage, the temperature first
-comes down to its natural standard, and then
declines below what is natural. In birds it
reaches from one and a half to two degrees;
in other animals, dogs and guinea pigs, it
rarely exceeds .one degree; in man it is con-
fined to three-fourths of a degree.
During the third degree the fall of tempera-
ture rapidly increases, and as the fourth stage
is approached it reaches a decline that beoomes
actually dangerous. In birds the reduction
may be five degrees and a half, and in other an-
imals three. In man it is often from two and
a half to three degrees. There is always dur-
ing this stage a profound sleep or coma, and
wnile ihis lists the temperature continues re-
duced.
Thus it would appear that alcohol fails also
as a heat-producing food; that it is, in fact, a
lowerer of the temperature. These facts are
of great interest to those living in cold climates
where spirits are so frequently taken to "keep
one warm." It is well known that men ex-
posed to long continued cold cannot venture to
use spirits. — Ex.
304
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 8, 1875
W. B. EWEE ■ Senioe Editob.
JDEWEY «fc CO., I»u.t>lisliers.
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San Francisco:
Saturday Morning, May 8 , 1875-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS.— An Improved Tut-off
Valve; Mating Casts by Machinery, 297- Charles
Burleigh and his Drill; Coal and Asphaltum; Heavy
HotBting Machinery for the Comstock MineB; An
Improved Arrastra; Society of Engineers; Work at
the Foundries; The Pneumatic Thermometer, 304.
Short Lectures on Patents; An Improved Fruit Jar;
Notices of Recent Patents, 305. Patents and Inven-
tions, 308. Academy of Sciences; General News
Items, 301- „ „ ' ,
ILLUSTRATIONS.— in Improved Cut-off valve,
305. Darche's Improved Fruit Jar, 313.
CORRESPONDENCE.— Tunnel Work at French
Corral; Irrigation, 298.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— TestinR Iron and
Steel; Preserving Cast Iron from Rnst; Test of Amer-
ican Iron aud Steel; Absence of Oxygen from Arte-
sian Water; A New Heating Furnace; Iron in the Cen-
tennial Buildings; New Mode of Treating Belts,
299,
SCIENTIFIC PRO ORE SS.— Effect of Tempera-
ture upon the St. Louis Bridge; Parasites on Flies;
The Andes Gradually Sinking; Singular Fact in Re-
gard to Drifting Ice; Relations between Magnetism
and the Aurora; Origin and Philosophy of Limestone
Caves; Phosphorous and Putrefaction; Science and
Industry. 299-
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, Montana and Oregon,
300-301.
POPULAR LECTURES. — Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 302-
USEFUL INFORMATION. — Recipes for the
Shop; Filing; The Art of Drawing; Performance
of Small Engines; Shrinking of Seasoned Timber;
Rotary Engines; A Tunnel Under the Straits of Gib-
raltar, 303.
GOOD HEALTH. -Using the Same Towel; Apo-
plexy— What Produces It; Simple Dyspepsia Reme-
dies; Mind and Health; Remedy for Neuralgia, 303.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.^Ib Alcohol Food? 303.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 308.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Cherry Creek, 298. Coal
in Nevada, 302.
Charles Burleigh and His Drill.
The inventor of the celebrated Burleigh drill
arrived in San Francisco last week, on his first
visit here since 1845, at which time, judging
from his present appearance, he must have
been a very youthful voyager.
We last saw Mr. B. in the Putnam maohine
worts (of whioh he was part proprietor), in
Fitchburg, Mass., in 186T. He was then the
owner of more than a dozen patents on his
pneumatic drill, whioh seemed at that date to
be a complete device. He has added many im-
provements since, and doubtless a number of
patents, in simplifying its operations. -
Our prediction in 18H7, accompanying the
first newspaper illustration of the device, has
been slowly but positively verified/viz. : that
it would prove to be a great desideratum for
large mining and other tunneling operations
on this coast. And now it is safe to say that
fairly Btarted on its errand here, it will, in con-
junction with cheaper and more powerful
blasting agencies, create much of its own field
for future operations. It will render feasible
and profitable many large mining enterprises
utterly impossible to carry through without the
aid of such improved machinery.
If properly supported in his enterprise, Mr.
Burleigh proposes to build up a Bpecial manu-
factory of his drills and air" compressors in San
Francisco. In this he has struck a key note which
must certainly resound to his credit. It will
tend to the perfection of his inventions, to the
benefit of our manufacturing interests, and to
the profits of the manufacturers. He should
not be allowed to waste tirne in finding cap-
ital or proper encouragement to start such an
enterprise in what is already becoming the lead-
ing mining mart of the world.
Nearly all of the best mining inventions of the
past twenty years have been made on this coast.
Mr. Burleigh's drill was born on the wrong
side of the mountains. It would have grown
into use twice as fast on this side, where it
naturally belongs — with its inventor.
Coal and Asphaltum.
A Few Hints* to Prospectors.
Within the past year the attention of many
of our prospectors has been turned to coal and
quicksilver, instead of silver and gold. At
present prices of quicksilver, mines of that
character, unless very good, are of little value
to the common miner. Indications of coal, or
what is supposed to be coal, have been found
in many places in this State, and at present
considerable prospecting is being done for it.
Some brief items of information concerning the
distinctive qualities of coal may therefore be of
interest to some of our readers. The best
classification of coals, satisfying both the re-
quirements of science and commerce, is that
which does not take into consideration the
geological age, but only the quality of the com-
bustible. By means of such an arrangement
coals may be divided into two classes. First,
non-bituminous, comprising anthracite or stone
coal; and second, bituminoup, common or pit
coal, included under four heads, 1st, caking
coal; 2d, splint or hard coal; 3d, cherry or soft
coal ; and 4th, cannel or parrot coal.
From anthracite the passage is into graphite
and even diamond, which is pure crystalized
carbon, while cannel coal passes into brown
coal, imperfectly earthy lignite, into fossil
wood with its fibrous tissue preserved and
finally into peat and turf, so that the complete
series would be diamond, graphite (which is
nearly pure carbon), anthracite, common coal,
lignite, fossil wood, peat and turf. There is
some dispute at present among geologists as to
■the nature of the California coals, whether true
coals or lunit s, but the public, who do not
understand sach discussions, only want to
know in new discoveries whether there is really
any coal, and whether it burns well.
The most important kinds of coal or fossil
carbon are the anthracite, the black or stone
coals proper, and the brown coals (lignites);
the latter two may also be termed bituminous
coal, both furnishing tar when distilled. As-
phaltum resembles bituminous coal consider-
ably, but contains much more oily matter.
As there is considerable of this material in Cal-
ifornia, and it is not so easy to distinguish it
from coal as may be imagined, we give their
distinctive chemical properties briefly as
follows:
Anthracite cannot be kindled by the flame of
a candle. When heated in a retort or flask it
yieldB, with the exception of a little water, very
little or no sublimate of bitumen (tar), and
which placed before the blow-pipe it is slowly
consumed, leaving a small residuum of ashes.
Boiled in a solution of potassa, it gives no
color to the liquid.
The bituminous or brown coal, as well as the
asphaltum, inflame by the light of a candle and
burn with elimination of a bituminous odor.
When heated in a flask they yield brown and
brownish yellow tar drops.
Asphaltum and bituminous stone coal impart
to potassa, when boiled therein, only a very
slight yellowish color or none at all. If their
powder is boiled in ether (which is best done
in a flask or on a tube closed on one side and
this placed in boiling water), the asphaltum
colors the ether some, a brownish red. Bitu-
minous stone coal colors ether slightly yellow.
Asphaltum, however, melts much earlier than
most of the lighter coals, and flows like seal-
ing wax.
Brown coal is distinguished from the former
by giving a brown color to the liquid when
boiled in a solution of potassa. These tests
are simple, cheap and easily applied, and
should be remembered by prospectors for coal
in this country.
Heavy Hoisting Machinery for the Corn-
stock Mines.
The mining machinery now being made and
shipped to the Comstock mines is probably the
heaviest ever made anywhere. The machinery
is of a kind which will not need replacing for
years. Many of the mines are preparing to
sink from 2,000 to 4,000 feet and even deeper,
so that very heavy machinery is required. All
this maohinery is being very solidly anchored
in place, and foundations are in many places
laid in solid granite, in beds prepared by exca-
vating to the bed rock.
As an instance of this class of work, we may
mention the new hoisting works being bnilt in
this city, at the Pacifio iron works, which we
examined this week. This machinery is to go
nn the "C & C" thaft— the joint shaft of the
California and Consolidated Virginia mines, on
the Comstock. These hoisting works are being
made on the same principle of those at the Mt.
Diablo coal mines, also manufactured at the
Pacific iron works, in which the hoisting is
done from the engine shaft, there being no
spur wheels. This will be the first one of the
kind on the Comstock and is of a capacity to
hoist 4,000 feet. There are two engines 26 inch
bore and six feet stroke, fitted with balaoce
poppet valves and cross-cut off The cylinders
are very ponderous, weighing 16,000 pounds
each. The weight of the pillow blocks is about
12,000 pounds each, and the bed plates will
weigh between 16,000 and 17,000 pounds each.
There will be one engine on each end of the
shaft, the distance between them being twenty-
four feet from center to center. The main
shaft is sixteen inches in diameter in the main
journals and eighteen inches where the reels
are to be placed. Double reels for flat wire
rope are to be used. The reels commence at
six feet and wind up to fourteen feet in
diameter. '.
The engines are fitted up with two Bteam
brakes, one for each reel, and also an independ-
ent hand brake for eaoh reel. The steam
brake is so arranged that' the brakeman or
engineer can put it on at will, and if the oage
should rise higher than it ought to a conneotion
is automatically made so that steam is shut off
from the main engines, and the steam brake
applies itself, barring any possibility of an
accident.
There are six tubular boilers to go with the
machinery, fifty-four inohes in diameter and
sixteen feet long. Each pair of boilers is set
independently, the intention being to use only
four at a time, and keep the others for emer-
gencies or for relief boilers. Globe valves are
used to disconnect any pair at any time. The
clutches to throw the engines into gear weigh
4,500 pounds each and have wrought iron
bands shrunk around them for additional
strength. There are no gear wheels at all, and
the two fly wheels act as brake wheels.
The overhead shewe wheels are eleven feet
in diameter. The specifications called for these
twelve feet, but they could not be taken over
the railroad, so the size was reduced. There
are two of them weighing 6,000 pounds each.
These are the largest hoisting works ever sent
to the Comstock, and are well worth seeing.
The machinery will all be fitted up at the
shop before being shipped. Everything is
being handsomely fitted, and the whole will be
a model of strength. The excavations for the
reception of this new and powerful maohinery
at the mine are about completed and the
anchor bolts and plates are being placed in
position ready to commence the heavy mason
work.
It is stated that a duplicate of this machinery
has been contracted for by the Lady Washing-
ton mining company, on the Comstock, and
gradiDg is going on at the surfaoe of the shaft
of that mine for its reception.
An Improved Arrastra.
David Trumbull, Jr., of Coulterville, Mari-
posa county, has patented through the Mining
and Scientific Peess Patent Agency, a ma-
chine of interest to the mining community, for
crushing and grinding quartz, which is, essen-
tially, an improved arrastra, or' stone pan. It
consists first in a peculiar construction and ar-
rangement of the grinding surfaces; secondly,
iu a novel construction of the driving shaft that
drives the muller. A pan or tub, similar to the
ordinary grinding pan, which may be made of
wood or metal, is used. On the bottom and sides
of this pan is placed a layer of stones, so as to
provide as even a surface as possible, and make,
in effect, a stone pan. The mullerandstandard
are arranged in the usual way. The muller
consists of a skeleton frame in which stones of
various sizes are firmly bolted, so as to provide
a solid stone grinding surface. This makes a
solid stone muller which can be operated the
same as the ordinary iron muller. The verti-
cal driving shaft steps at its lower end in tbe
upper end of the standard. A collar fits
around the lower end of the shaft, resting upon
the top of tbe standard, and is held in place
by chains, which connect it with tbe upper end
of the standard. The lower half of the driving
shaft is provided with screw threads and a key
seat cut on one side. A nut, whioh has an
arm depending from opposite sides, moves on
this threaded portion of the shaft, and can be
fixed at any point desired by means of a key
which fits in the key seat. The arms of the
nut extend downward a short distance, and are
then bent outward bo that their extremities will
strike two of the opposite standards, where the
nut has been fixed near the lower end of the
screw or driving shaft, and thus drive the mul-
ler' when the shaft is rotated. The ob-
jeot of thus constructing the shaft and driving
mechanism is to permit the muller to be re-
moved. Tbe inventor of this machine is of
coarse aware that loose stones have been used
to form a grinding muller in combination with
a lower stone grinding surface, and he claims
only the pan with its stone bottom and sides
in combination with a skeleton muller having
stones bolted firmly thereto, and also the pecu-
liar arrangement of the upright driving shaft.
Society of Engineers.
The regular monthly meeting of the Society
of Engineers of California was held on Tues-
day evening last. President Allardt in the
chair. Mr. Dickie acted as secretary. Mr.
Irving M. Scott read a brief paper "On Heavy
Grade Locomotives," which gave details of ex-
periments made at the railroads at the Black
Diamond coal mines. The paper elicited some
little discussion in which several of the mem-
bers took part. The promised discussion on Mr .
Hanscom's paper, read at the previous meet-
ing, "On Screw Propellors," was postponed
on account of the absence of Mr. Hanscom.
The next meeting of the Society will be held on
the first Monday in June, when we believe Mr.
Hyde will give details of experiments with road
engines and some account of the progress of
steam plowing in California. Mr. Hyde has
had great experience in this 'direction, and as
he haB kept an accurate record of his work for
several years, the paper will be a valuable and
instructive one.
Work at the Foundries.
The city foundries are all very busy just now,
as they have been lor some time. The princi-
pal work being done is mining machinery and
house fronts. Mining machinery, especially, is
plentiful and all of our foundries are busy with
it. Few people have any idea how much of
this class of work is being done, unless they
take a walk around among the foundries and
see for themselves. At the
Pacific Iron Works,
The principle work being done is on the heavy
hoisting works for the C & C shaft, described
in detail in another column of this issue. They
are also making an engine 14x30, for the Sun-
rise mining company at Panamint. They are
making for tbe same company, to go with this
order, a complete 10-stamp mill, pans, settlers,
and all complete. This is all being fitted up at
the shop with timbers and everything, and will
be shipped all ready to set up and go to work.
These works are also making a 10x20 engine to
go to Cerro Gordo district, Inyo county, to be
used at a smelting works there. They are also
making two quicksilver furnaces, one for the
Great Western and the other for the Edith
quicksilver mine. These are of the pattern
known as the "Green Furnace." A 16-horse
power engine and boilers is being made for
each of these furnaces. At tbe
Occidental Foundry,
Steiger & Kerr, proprietors, they are building
a Janin furnace for Oceanic quicksilver mine,
San Luis Obispo county. This furnace is the
invention of Mr. Louis Janin, M. E., of this
city, and will have a capacity of from 20 to 24
tons per day. In this furnace there will be
about nine feet of ore above "the firebridge,
and as the sectional area of the shaft is about
24 square feet, each foot of hight should give
about one ton of ore of 2,000 pounds; though
the weight will vary with the compactness of
tbe mass and the specific quality of the ore.
If the furnace charge weighs nine tons, then
every hour one ton of ore is drawn out and
the charge in the furnace is lowered by one
foot, then a fresh charge is added. Therefore,
every ton of ore remains nine hours above the
fire bridge and an additional time of three or
four hours below the fire bridge. This, as a
rule, will give ample time for burning the ore
thoroughly. This furnace is not yet completed,
and will be, we believe, the first one of its kind
in this State. At this foundry they are also
engaged in making the well known Hepburn
pans.
The Pneumatic Thermometer.
Mr. Theodore Gidley, of this city, has re-
cently invented a pneumatic thermometer which
is intended for use on board vessels. The ma-
chine consists of a copper cylinder capped by
a diaphragm of stout India rubber hermetically
sealed, the whole being covered with a metal
dome having an opening in its summit to admit
an iron pipe connecting with the deck. A
slight metal rod rests on the diaphragm and
passes up through the pipe to a stand on deck
on which is placed a dial plate. The action of
heat in the cargo is instantly communicated to
the cylinder, expanding the air in it, thus rais-
ing the diaphragm and with it the rod connect-
ing with the hand on the dial, marking the
amount of heat generating, as would an ordin-
ary Fahrenheit thermometer.
Mr. Gidley's invention has received the
unanimous endorsement of the Board of Marine
Surveyors, and considering the number of vessels
which have been lost lately from spontaneous
combustion it oertainly appears to have been
invented at a most opportune period. A para-
graph in the London Standard states that her
majesty Queen Victoria has appointed a royal
commission composed of prominent scientific
men of the United Kingdom to examine into
the cause of spontaneous combustion of coal on
board vessels, "and the remedies which it may
be possible to adopt for preventing and guard-
ing against the same." Mr. Gidley's invention
seems to meet the case exactly. The working
model of the machine which we examined may
be seen at Wiester & Co.'s, 17 New Montgomery
street, under the Grand Hotel. The intention
is to place three or four of these machines in
different parts of the cargo of a coal ship so that
if the cargo commences to heat means may be
immediately taken to extinguish it. By having
several, the location of the fire can easily be de-
termined. As the machines are simple and
cheap they can be very generally applied to all
vessels.
Hoos-ac Tunnel. — Massachusetts iB complet-
ing her big bore by dressing it into shape,
arching places where water drips from over-
head, and preparing for the double track
through its entire length. The central shaft,
which was 15x27 feet in dimension and 1,050
feet deep, has to be closed up on account of
the tremendous draft it created from both
ends of the tunnel. In the winter season the
draft had a tendency to freeze the dripping
water so as to block up the passage of trains.
The high range of mountains pierced by the
tunnel runs north and south. In the morning,
the warming up of the atmosphere' on the
Eas tern slope creates sufficient vacuum to
draw a strong current of air from the western
side of the mountain. In the afternoon, when
the sun strikes hotly on the western side,
the current is reversed.
May 8, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
305
Short Lectures on Patents.
Vo. 3— By J no. L. Boon, of Dewey k Co's Mimng avd
Bcientitic Passu Pttoiit Agency.
The Model.
A large number of the inventions for which
patents are applied for, oould be fully and suf-
ficientlv represented by proper drawings and
specifications without models, and iu many
oases it stems preposterous to compel invent-
ors to go to the expense of furnishing models,
when their inventions could be just as well un-
derstood without them. On the other hand,
there are some cases in which models are ab-
solutely requisite to enable the examiners to
act intelligently opon the applio itiona. With an
eye to remedy this difficulty, the new patent law
of 1870 left the question as to whether a model
should be furnished in any particular ease en-
tirely with the Commissioner of Patents, in-
tending thereby to relieve those inventors
whose inventions were simple and easily un-
derstood; bnt before the inventor could know
what the decision of the Commissioner
would be. he was required to present his case
without a model, and await the Commission
er's decision. The cure was worse than the
disease. In the first place, if the Commissioner
should decide that a model must be provided,
a long delay was created before the case oould
be aoted upon, and as the models of simple in-
ventions are inexpensive and easily made, this
class of inventors preferred to make and for"
ward them at once rather than suffer the delay.
In the second place, those whose inventions
were complicated and who-o models would
necessarily be expensive and tronblesome to
make, were the most eager and persistent in
their efforts to have their models dispensed
with, and as this class of cages could not be
acted upon intelligently without models, the
Commissioner bad no other course than to use
the discretion which the law gave him to com
pel every applicant to furnish a model whether
the invention was simple or complex, and this
is now the case. None are allowed to escape
this requirement if their inventions can be rep-
resented by a model. The object of requiring
a model in each case is two-fold; first it assists
the examiner in understanding the construc-
tion and operation of the devioe sought to be
patented, so that he may act intelligently upon
it; and secondly it is a tangible evidence which
corresponds with the specifications and draw-
ings of the patent, and serves as an index by
which the actual intention of the patentee is
I interpreted as long as his patent is in force,
1 and to more fully illustrate the invention so
I that it cm be better understood by the public
I after the patent expin s.
In constructing a model much is left to the
I discretion of the inventor. He can make it of
I wood, iron, leather, lead or any other durable
I material, so lo ng as he makes it substantial and
I shows the devices or particular parts he wishes
I to cover by a patent. If he chooses he can make
B it plain and unostentatious, or he can construct
■ and finish it in the highest style of mechanism
I and art. A frail model is always objectionable
I and will even be refused by the Patent Office.
I Where the invention consists of a machine
■ which embodied entirely new ideas or principles
a or is intended to produce a new result, a com-
II plete model showing its construction and ar-
il rangement must be furnished; but where the
Ij invention is an improvement on some already
fl existing and well known machine, only the in-
tj vented or improved portion combined with suf-
I ficient of the old machine or device to show its
i I relation and arrangement need be represented
I) by the model. In the latter case the old ma-
f I chine can be represented by a dummy or imi-
tation; for instance, if the invention is an im-
|l provement upon an ordinary steam boiler, a
li simple block of wood turned out and painted to
l| represent the boiler can be used, and the im-
)| provement can be applied to it, and in this
; way much trouble and expense can beavoided,
: while the model is in every respect as sufficient
I as if the real parts' were shown. Model makers
I) generally understand and take advantage of
this fact. It is a point greatly in the favor of
an applicant to furnish a neat model. .It
not only creates a better impression upon
the examiner who passes upon the case, but
also indicates that the inventor has a pride in
his invention, and understands how to combine
and arrange the parts with a view to practical
operations.
As the drawing which accompanies each ap-
plication for a patent muBt be an exaot repre-
sentation of the model, and as the drawing ac-
companies and forms a part of the patent when
it is issued, it is of great advantage to the in-
ventor to have the model as complete as possi-
ble, so that persons who are not entirely fa-
miliar with the machine can more readily un-
derstand the drawing when the patent is exhib-
ited to the public.
Again, the model is placed on file in the
Patent Office, where it remains as a permanent
and tangible representation of the invention.
It forms a part of our National Museum, and
in fact, is placed on exhibition where it can be
examined by all who have the curiosity to in-
spect it. I will venture that hundreds of in-
ventors have felt ashamed of the model* which
they have placed on file in the Patent Offioe to
represent their inventions, whin the; oame to
examine them where they are placed on exhi-
bition beside other models of more pretentions
workmanship. Still 1 do not advise expensive
models. Neatness can almost always be ob-
tained without additional expense.
Many an otherwise good model is spoiled by
a thick coat of red, green or blue paint inartiv
tically daubed over it, and often the working
parts of a model are so completely gummed
and glued with varnish that it is impossible to
move them. Such job* are tnexcnsuble.
Hard wood is the beat and usually the cheap-
est material to use in making models, and
when finished a simple coat of shellac varnish
is all the covering they require. Heavy var-
nishes should be avoided. If a portion of the
model is to represent metal, that portion can be
painted black to distinguish it from the re-
mainder. Paint should always be sparingly
used, as it gives a model a coarse look. The
name of the inventor and title of the invention
must be permanently marked upon the model.
The cheapest and best method is to pnint them
on, or engrave them npon a metal plate and
An Improved Fruit Jar.
As the season for canning and putting up
fruit opproaches, those who intend to put up
their winter's supply begin to look around for
the best jar for the purpose. We herewith
illustrate an improvement in fruit jars which
was recently patented by Pierre Dorche, of this
city, through the* Mining and Scientific Press
Patent Agenoy. This improvement relates more
especially to the manner of constructing the
covr and sealing the jar. The j ar .4, it will be
noticed, is provided with a gutter, C. around its
upper rim, of which the inside wall, h, 'is the high-
est. The jar maybe made of glass, earthenware
or other suitable material. The cover, Btin made
of glass and has a centra* portion, E, which
extends downward into the mouth of the jar
when the cover is in plaoe. It also has an
aunular downward projecting rim, 6, around it,
which fits into the gutter. C, around", the top of
the jar. The projection E, oan be made round
or square as desired; around it Mr. Darche
attach the plote to the model. Writing the secures a cork, D, whioh will fit down inside
name and title on the wood with ink or scratch
ing them on with a knife makes a good model
look common and poor, while the extra expense
of having it done neatly and correctly is but a
trifle when compared with the difference in ap-
pearance.
Brass models always look well when they
are first made and polished, but they soon lose
of the mouth of the jar; when this cover is
forced down upon the jar the cork will fH jn
the mouth of the bottle inside of the wall, h
the annular rim b will enter the eutter, C. Iu
the bottom of the gutter, C, Mr. Daiche places,
a piece of wire so that it will pass entirely
around the top of the jar; he then fills the
gutter with wax so as to seal the joint. He
DARCHE'S IMPROVED FRUIT JAR.
their polish and become tarnished unless great
care be taken of them, so that a brass model
which is brilliant and showy when it is first
filed in the office soon becomes green with ver-
digris and unattractive. If they are plated
with silver or nickel or are varnished, they will
always look well.
For the construction and preparation of
models for the Patent Office the following rules
and requirements should be observed:
Every model must be inside of one foot in
each dimension.
The invented portion mnst be represented in
complete order, whether the old parts of the
machine are represented by real or dummy
mechanism.
Never use glue alone in putting together
•wooden models. Nails must also be used.
If models are not put together with strength
and substantially made they will be rejected.
Never use paint on a wooden model unless
it is to indicate a part which is to represent
metal.
Never use heavy body varnishes.
Use shellac varnish.
Paint or engrave the name and address of
the inventor, and of the invention, on the
model.
Coppeb is ruling in Liverpool at £79 10s to
£80 for good ordinary brands. Ore ia selling
at 15s 9d to 16s 3d per unit. The arrivals
during March amounted to 4,304: tons fine and
the quantity of copper afloat from Chili ia now
much reduced. There is very little speculation
in the copper market, the transactions being
mainly done by local and Swansea smelters.
The new incline at the old works of the Cal-
edonia mine is now down 180 feet below the
1000-foot level. It is timbered throughout in
the most substantial munner, and the Gold
Hill News thinks it is one of the truest and
finest pieces of work of the kind on the Corn-
stock lode.
thus provides two joints, an inside cork
joint, that prevents the wax from entering the
jar, and an outside sealed joint which hermeti-
cally seals the jar. He thus prevents the dis-
agreeable consequences of getting sealing wax
in the fruit and provides an easy and cleanly
method of unsealing and opening the jar, as by
taking hold of the end of the wire which lies
in the bottom of the gutter and pulling upon it
the wax will be lifted out without trouble.
Gebbi GobdoDistbic't. — We Bee by the Inyo
Independent that about the 8th of April, Beau-
dry's furnace, at Gerro Gordo district, shut
down, it was generally supposed, for the uaual
repairs. It remains shut down and is likely to
for an indefinite term. The reason is the big
chimney of ore in the Union is exhausted, and
the mine has yielded no ore for two months past.
Pending the law-suit it is not deemed advisable
to spend money in hunting for more ore, so
every man in the mine has been discharged and
all work is suspended. Belshaw has ore enough
on his dump to keep his furnace running about
four months longer. The outlook for Cerro
Gordo is not pleasant just for the time being.
The Union has been the main stay of this por-
tion of the county, but should it yield no more
there are plenty of other mines on that hill
quite as promising as it ever was at the same
stage of development. Besides that, the Potosi
tunnel goes ahe.id, and is bound to make big
strikes.
At the Savage mine, on the Comstock, all
work on the lower levels is stopped for the
present, pending the tearing down of the old
gallows of the hoisting frame and the putting
in of a new frame adapted to the ubs of new
incline hoisting machinery. This work will
occupy from seven to ten days' time, during
which interval nothing can be done in the
mine. The new incline hoisting machinery is
all ready for use as soon as the new gallows
frame is completed.
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through t
Dfwi y i Co. 's Foreign and American Pa ten
Agency, the following are worthy of mention:
STATIONABY CUTTtNO AND PLANING. TOOL. —
Charles Cummings, Virginia City, Nevada.
This invention is an improvement in the con-
struction of such stationary tools for cutting
and pinning metal as are used on lathes, planes,
suapers, slotting machines and other like ma-
chines. The tool, which is fixed to the ordinary
tool holder, consists of a circular metal plate,
the rim of which can be made into any desired
shape, according to the 6tyle of groove or cut
it is desired to make. Across the rim of this
circular plate is cut a notch or recess, so that
one edge of this notch or recess will form a
cutting bit. This tool has a hole through its
center and a conical boss or hub upon one side,
through which the central hole passes while
the opposite side of the plate is countersunk
around the hole. When the cutting bit ot this
tool becomes dull it will only be necessary to
grind it off until a sharp edge is again pre-
sented, and as the tool is circular in form its
center rim can be thus utilized and always
present a bit of the same size and shape, thus
saving greatly in the time and labor involved
in grinding ordinary cutting bits. As the rim
is filed off in sharpening the bit, the tool is
turned in its bearing or socket so as to, keep
the bit at the proper working point. This tool
will be specially useful for cutting sere w threads
on metal rods, as the rim of the plate or tool
can be made wide enough to have a number of
threads cut around it, when by filing out a
transverse section a number of bits will be
provided equal to the number of threads formed
around the plate; and by slightly beveling the
edge of the plate before cutting the grooves in
it, the threads will be graduated in hiebt so
that cutting bits or teeth of different bights
will be provided. By this arrangement, one
tooth will follow in the track of another and
cut out a thin shaving, so as to gradually
deepen the grooves and thus complete the screw
at one operation. Any desired form of bit can
thus be provided so as to cut mouldings or
grooves of particular shapes. This tool can
be used for cutting inside screw threads where
the opening is large enough to admit it.
Combined Scrubbing Bbush and Wbingeb.
— Richard O. May, Sacramento, California. This
invention relates to an improved mop head and
brush holder, and an improved wringer for the
mop cloth, which may be used in connection
with the brush. The head consists of a socket,
into which the end of the handle is received,
and an angular crosB bar, into the angle of
which one edge of the back of the brush is se-
cured. A spring arm extends out from the
socket and is bent so that its extremity will
bear against the opposite edge of the brush.
The mop cloth is secured to the T shaped end
in a peculiar manner. When the mop' cloth is
to be wrung the handle is pushed and turned
so as to twist the cloth between an arm and
head of the mop, permitting it to be completely
wrung out by the ordinary ^twisting method.
The movable arm on the handle can be moved
up or down so as to accommodate the wringer,
and when the cloth is used for mopping the
arm is moved down close to the head so as to
allow the cloth to double over the brush. When
the brush is being used this arm is drawn up
the handle until the cloth is stretched between
it and the head and a pin or other fastening to
secure it in place.
Impeoved Wateb Elevatoe. — This is an im-
provement in that class of water elevators in
which an endless chain or series of buckets are
employed for raising the water, and it consists
in an improved manner' of constructing the
buckets and the pulleys over which they pass,
so that the chain will be properly supported
upon the pulleys and prevented from slipping
on account of the weight of water on one side.
The chain consists of a number of buckets,
each of which is secured to a curved shield or
plate, so that the shield forms the front side of
the bucket, while us upper end extends back of
the opposite side of the upper end of the
bucket. The curved plate or shield is wide
enough to extend out on each side and form a
bearing as the buoket passes the pulleys. The
pulleys each consist of two disks, the inner
edges of which are turned down a little smaller
than the outer edges, so that as the buckets
pass between the disks their wings or project-
ing sides will bear upon the reduced edge. The
chain is formed by connecting the extremities
of the shields together by rings or links. As
the curve of the plates corresponds with the
circumference of the pulleys, each bucket will
be firmly seated on the upper pulley while it is
being emptied.
Saddle-teee. — P. B. Horton, San Francisco,
Cal. This invention consist* in making saddle -
trees out of wood pulp, formed in proper shape
by compression in moulds. The side bars and
cantels of this tree are made of wood pulp,
whilo the pommel is made of metal and secured
to the forward end of the side pieces by means
of bolts, rivets or screws ; or, if desired, the en-
tire tree can be made of wood pulp. This sad-
dle-tree can be made cheaply, and the inventor
says it will be strong and light. It is covered
with rawhide or other suitable covering in the
ordinary way.
306
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[May 8, 1875
banking.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN FKANCI8CO.
Capital, Fiye Million Dollars.
O. W. KELLOOa President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
B. N. VAN BBtTNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423' California atreet Ban Francisco.
Kountzb Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate cf Four per cent. vpt»
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
.Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
til Bush street, above Kearny SAN FBANOISOO
4v27tf G. MATTE. Director.
Wm directory.
aiLJfH H. GRAY. JAKBB X. HA7KH.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. K. corner Call
Vorniaand Leldeadorff streets,
SAW FRANCISOO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street*
. W. corner Sacramento,
vc 1 instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL FEISTS.
Sold by all Dealers throughout the World.
WM. BABTLIKG.
rTKNRT KIMBALL.
BARTLING- & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Bnlers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
SOB Clay street, (southwest cor. Sansome),
5vl2-3m SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. T.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haignt. 6v28-3m
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO.,
Patent Riveted
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery St.,
San Francisco.
These goods are specially
adapted lor the ase o
FARMERS, MECHANICS,
MINERS, and WOBKINO
MEN in general. They
are manufactured of the
Best Material, and in a
Supetior Manner. A tria
will convince everybody of
this fact.
Patented May 12, 1813.
USE NO OTHER, AND INQUIRE FOR THESE
GOODS ONLY. eow-'bp
The National Gold Medal
WAS AWARDED TO
BRADLEY & RULOFSON
FOR THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE
UNITED STATES,
AND THE
VIENNA MEDAL
FOR THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
No. 429 Montg-omery Street,
eowbp San Francisco, Cal.
Thursday Noon our last forms go to presB. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
$Bl$SS3ER%BB£&
Ho. 4 Car Wheel Borer.
GEO.
We have the best and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those *
used in
MACHINE, LOCOMOTIVE,
AND
B. R. Repair Shops.
{EST" For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc.,
address
NEW YORK STEAM EN&INE CO.,
98 Chambers Street) New York,
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS. i =
•2 a
a 'rj ™
o as
a a a
van, JrwaiLAcifco
a s
S> OS
■g >
Ph
■a
Examiner of Mines, Mineral Assayer, Etc.
S t3
3
s «
a
n a
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth); $12 (leather).
• Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
at the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fair of 1869.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
GIAKT POWDER.
Patented Slay 26, 1868.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDEB, NO. 1,
For bard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIAIST POWDER, NO. a,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, 'Wood, etc,
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
t0r The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
BETHESDA MINER AlT S P RING WATER
Of Waukesha, "Wisconsin.
We claim Bethesda to be a specific in all cases of Diabetes Inflammation of the KidneyB, Inflan mation of
the Neck of the Bladder and Urethra, Inflammation of the Bladder, Dropsy, Gouty Swellings, Stoppage of Urine
Albumenuria, Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Duet Deposit: Thick, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine,
with Bone Dmt Deposits; Burning Sensation with Sharp Pains when v iding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys,
Pain In the KidneyB and Loins, Torpid Liver Indigestion, Calculus, and Female Weakness.
There is no remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases as effectually as Bethesda
Water. This fact has been demonstrated wherever the water has been used according to directions, which can
be had at the General Agents' by application to them. The water is sweet and pleasant to the taste. It can be
drank at all hours. Why should any one suffer while this Water is so easily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fM7-eow-bp-3m - 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FBANCISCO.
SANBORN & BYRNES,
Mechanics' Mills, Mission. Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard BallB and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
BE AHM AS , GAMES
HOUDANS.
Emderi Geese
40 to 60 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
Black
CAYUGA DUCKS
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
IPlease state where you Baw this advertiament.]
Female Complaints should be cured, as they often
can be, by a few doses of Ayer's Sarsaparilla.
W. BREDEMETER,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND U. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt L:i fee, TJ. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines,
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty. ,
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of shafts. P. O. Box 1157.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Painted at contract prices, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors,
Bootmakers,
Hatters,
Hotels,
G>en ts 'Furnish' g- G 'ds,
-Furniture Dealers,
Jewelers,
Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants, Etc., Etc.
Inipipg [iflacliipefy,
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QTJA.R,TZ MIJL/LS,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years oi
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES foi
QUARTZ
MILLS
Durability
Di'e. hhoe.
( Economy.
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shaiting, and General Mining Machinery in all its
details, and Furntehers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promptly filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1876. f
For description see Mining and Scientific! PfiBas,
March 6, 1875.
For Cleaning- Quicksilver Before Using1 it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, oomplete, weighs 1,500 iba. Has an Iron
frame, five steel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which Btrjke 2,010 blows per minute, m a mortar provided
with screens on both sides, ana crushes fine 600 lbs. per
hour, requiring one-horsy power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give goud satis-
faction. PRICE. $600.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf 315 California street. San FranciBco.
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER.
TIT A. IDE
MAR It.
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice 1b given to consumers and shippers
that Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or his duly ap-
pointed Bub-agentB.
J-. B. RANDOL, Manager,
New Almaden, April 5th, 1875.
DATID WOERNER,
COOPER,
No- 104 and 112 Spear St.t San Franoisoo.
Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Beer Bar-
rels, etc, Manufactured at Short Notice
and *LOW RATES.
etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
LUMBER for CASKS,
ndDried if required.
eow-bp.
Pubobasebs please say advertised in Scientific Press,
A Compliment. — It is proper to say that the Mining
and Scientific Pbess is tbe best publication of its class
on the Continent, and we are glad to know that It is
appreciated and.liberaUy patronized by those In whose
interests it Is published.— Placer Argvs.
May 8, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
307
Machinery.
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
THIS HIGHEST PSEMITJM
Awarded by the Mechanics* Institute Fair, 8an Fran-
cisco, and State Fair. Sacramento, 1871.
These LubrlcatopR are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated under the oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
C; It then becomes greasy steam, pauses to all the
valves and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glass
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rods and stems lasts longer, and the rings on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will last from three
to six days, according to speed and size of engine; 1,
sliding gauge; K, valve to shut off when engine stoppB;
H, F, valvea to shut off in case of frost; steam does not
enter the cup; it is always cool; warranted t- give satis-
faction. Patented February U, 1871. Man ifacturedby
California Brass Works. 125 First street. S F. 24v23
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extra Heavy and Improved Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO.,
Manufacturer.
LATHES, PLANERS, BORING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTER8. DOUBLE NOT TAPPING!
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
COTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING- MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 laches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
WM. HAWKINS.
T. G. CANTRELL
A "THE DANBURY"
■drill chuck.
f-t The Favorite Everywhere.
p* Send stamp for circular.
(The Hull & Eeldeii Company, Danbury, Ct.
P. 8. — These Chucks are now on hand and for sale
at manufacturer's prices by .
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
IRON AND STEEL
DROP FORGING.
Of Every Description, at Heasonable Prices. I
The Hull & Seidell Company, Danbury, Ct.J
Buffalo Pony Planers.
M
B
i.
%
a
i
H
s
B
'■OCCOOCOO©
DUNHAM, CARRICAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
-Uni-cow 8AN FHANCISCO, CAL.
CRANK PUDS.
I Superior Cocign and Workmanship, Extra Hoavy (1400 lb.
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED,
TO 1-L.\SI-: J4X16X1G. s
s Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, C';.
Tulloch's Automatic. Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
A.re Durable, Compact and
Cheap.
For Fall Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGTOZEILT,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided meritj. Its Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Economy is Fuel, Ease in Hand-
ling, and Small Space raquired attract the Buyer, and
the Fried readily concludes the Sale.
B^"CaTl and see it or send for Circulars.
J.M.KEELER& CO., Ag-ts.,306 Cal. St-I S.F
I Estimates given for Spocial "Work of every
description. Are fully equlpncd with lirst-
class Jlachioury ami Tools.
The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct,
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-horne power. Shsftinc, Pnlleys, Hoist Gears,
Quartz Mill-, Water Tanks, Spanish Arustras, "PuinpB and
Pines.- Hepburn and Belden Pans, and all kinds ol Ma-
chinery for sale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
266 Brannun street, S. F.
Highest cash prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
"DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
1MPEOVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIN.
■SramES Blow Heavy or Light, Fast oe Slow.
! Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1S75.
|The Hull & Belden Company, Danbmy, Ct.
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals, Tinners' Goods, Tnnls and Machines
111 and U California St.»17 and lit .Davis St., San Fran
oisco. aD*i 176 J St., Sacramento. mr.-iy
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS. .
CA i Aluttt AND COL.US — Dr. Evory'a Diamond
'"•fitarrh Uemedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
nents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Fran
■iBco, Cal., opposite Palace Hotel. Sold by all dmg-
-iBts. _^____
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co
Have always on hand a lirge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Q-asand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. MoCRIN'DLE, Manager, 22 h 24 Fremont St., S. F.
m6-m2
IMallliny and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IM
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
612 and 614 Washington Btreet, SAN FRANOI80O
We would call the special attention of Assayers
Ohemistti, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted Block
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND —
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies sine*
the nrnt discovery of mlnea on the Pacific Coast.
10F Our Oold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays In Gralus
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v2S-tf
JOHN TATLOB 4 CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being rilled , the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
tho apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery Into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to +he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly panning a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore Is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly In con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Frsnciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches,
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Flans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores,
Special attention paid to the MiniDg and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
B/ HUHN,
C. A. LUCKHARDT,
Mining- Engineers ai d Metallurgists.
RODG-ERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MJBKCUAlN'iK
ADTAKCK8 MADE
On all kind, of Ore*, and particular ulleQllu.
CON8IONM KNT8 OF OUOM.
ivIMm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENBY G. HANKS
"Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-etairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
{Formerly of the U. B. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
A.stssiyer and TMetallurgrica^
CHEMIST,
No. 611 Commercial Street,
(Opposite the V . 6. Branch Mint.
Saw Fbanoiboo Oal. 7v21-8n?
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY JC0TT0N DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch "Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and IB-
ounce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore. Bags, Tenfs and Hose
Blade to Order.
306 and 310 DAVIS STKEET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
308
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 8, 1875
Sales at S. F. Stock Exchange.
FRIDAY, A. M., APBIL 30.
2M Alpha ....2JM@25
165 American FlaMlfc@1fift
2M Belcher..... .. .34J6®3*
%0 Beet & Belcher.55i*@55J4
20 do.- b5..5W£
570 Bullion «6®ft7
50 ..do... b.1)...1)?
■Jfift Baltimore <~on...7J£.»7?a
50 do sll>. .734
215 Caledonia « 2'JJ
315 Crtlif»rnia «3!&a!6*
90 Challenge 7
425 CholUr 75(gl7ii
95 Con Virginia 450
335 Crown P.>int 35)£@3fl
750 Dayton 3
50 Dardanelles 3
10 Exchequer 300
100 Globe 1*6
1440 Gould <fc 'urr.v... 20(5119.^
•>Ab HjiIo ft Nororosa...46@l',i
50 do b 30. .46
4) Imperial ■■'■«
S00 Julia 9^@9!<
10 Justico 127J-.
75 Knickerbocker
40 Eclipse fi
.'0 Florida 3
425 Gila 5
790 Golden Chariot.... 8^@8
100 do b30..8)5
50 IdaEllmore VA
1790 Jefferson 9J£@10
52i Kossuth Z%@W
150 Leoim'd, lfiwjU^
10' ..do s30..14>fi@15
HO Lady Washington 1
130 M Valley 8>jf8t8ft
115 Mansfield ;...fi
195 Mahogany.. 9M@9
m Mides 6
50U N C.irson 25.;
50 Niagara ; 25o
360NewYortt 2
100 Oris Gold Hill l*f
■SO Occidental 'Aii@3%
990 Poorman >m7%
.50 Pioche 4
SflO Prussian 3J4(otfJi
4'0 ProBpect J?&
215 Raymond & Ely. ...57(o)fi5
.IV.
....•2|fl'2!,i
. b 30.. mi
,„.s30..90ii
*0 Kentuek
320 L>dy Bryan
770 Mexican.. .
65 NuwYork..
i'i Occidental .
654 tiphlr
100 ..do
50 ..do ......
210 Overman 72@7«?-i
:'80 Rock Island IH'&VA
tit Savage 135® 130
1H0 Sierra Nevada.... 12j£tS)13
ft Seg Belcher 7105
60 Succor 1@14
135 S Hill 12@12M
200 Senator 80@35c
620 Union :...8>$l
325 Utih
445 Woodville 3j£@3.^
200 ..do. b5..3J&
50 Yellow Jacket,.. 85^^85
AFTERNOON SEBBION.
5 Rye Patch 2}£
2B5 Rock Island .>..~>A
500 Senator 1
1570 South Chariot... 2M@2V
175 Tyler ,75c
200 Webfoot 50c
400 War Eagle 5@5K
1545 'Woodville 3J£@3*i
50 wash & Creole I
150 Wells-Fargo 30@25e
TUESDAY, a. m,Mat 4.
210 Alpha 24>.i@24^4
lfiO Belcher 3*ffi34^
595 Best & Belcher. . .54(^55^
45 Bal.imore Con 7@7l4
250 Buckeye (S'fic
44* Bullion 59@6Q
M5 Chollar 79M80
275 Crown Point... 35Ji@3i?4'
25' Confidence Tl
1(15 Con Virginia 45^)459
9?U California 64(a)fi3^
i2l
520 OrlgGold HU1...3K®*>£
50 Occidental V.3>£
120 Pioche 4
650 Prussian 41£@1\
720 Poorman ...8
125 Pauper 2}£
150 Phil Sheridan.. I
550 Pioneer 1@1«
350 ProBnect 3%
150 Raymond .t Ely..53J$@5!
150 RyePntch
660 Rock iBland 7@
400 S Chariot .I'M
500 ....do b90.
420 .Senator
300 Silver Hill 12{2
220 Tyler fiSgj,
115 War Eagle 7(g
100 W & Creole...
620 Woodville
250 "Wells-Fargo..
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THIS COMPARED.
THURSDAY, a.m., APRIL !
425 Alpha .., 24#(o
, 55 American Frag 1\&
1442 Andes 5>$@5
350 do bl0..5*t
200 Belmont «fi@J!£
10 BeaehAP 4
550 Condor 50@75c
31-0 Chariot Mill 1
150 Cosmopolitan 25c
250 Eureka Con 34@3-9tf
100 ..do s 90..34K
20 Eureka
5"5 Gila 4>
1345 Golden Chariot.... 8;,
50 do b 30. .9)4
2<i0 IdaEllmore 3
1460 Jefferson 8?4'@9
100 ....do s 90. .8}$
l-W Koasuth 174® 1%
250 Leopard .13!*
415 Meadow Valley.. 8j£@8%
100 do b30..8'r
400 Mansfield 6>£@fi^
150 Mah.'gany m$M
1800 Mides 8
950 . do b30..8'4
50 Nt"nara 35c
400 NCars.m 2to
1100 OrlgGold Hill. 3%@3=tJ
400 do b S..S&
700 Prussian 2^5)2^
50(1 Poorman 7^@7M
500 Propect W&Vsi
200 Pacific 1
41)0 Raymond* Ely.... 54@53
50 ....do S3Q..5V
190 Rye Paich 2>_
1000 South 'Jharift 2&
500 War Eagle 5
390 Wells-Fargo 30@25c
SATURDAY, a.m., Mat 1,
350 Alpha 26^325*6
160 Belcher 5lfc@M
20 ..do b 30. .55^
1020 BestA Belcher.. .hTa&l-*
100 do bj..58
300 Bullion
100 do b 5..i>2JS
215 Bil Con ~k@V4
44't Crown Point. ..3iH@'i&4
1460 California .. ..6J3tfqj64!4
60 ....do b30„65
345 Hhollar IV&'tS
240 Caledonia 21J*@20^
80 Confidence 2l*s@22
180 Con Virginia, ..455©457>^
315 EurekiCo'i 35@34
60 Empire Mill 61/.
50 Globe. ty*<M%
990 Gould it Curry... 22(^2 u
40 do b 30. .23
175 Hale & Norcross.45@4i^
855 Imperial $@$H
455 Julia 9%(g)9>£
50 ..do b 5. .9)|
H5 Justice 130@I28
2>l Kentuek I5K
90 Knicker 33^@4
200 Lady Bryan 6
890 Meadow Valley.. 8K@8*|
480 Mexican 28l£@23
410 Ophir.. 101(al02
120 ....do b5..i02
410 Overman 74T
285 Raymond & Ely. 52!£<
100 Savage 13*(S
545 SierraNevada ...13^(gll4
105 Sec. Belcher 35
730SHU1 12J ©13
100 ..do b6..Vl
100 Union Con. 8W@8vtt
55 tTtah; 6'^r-
100 ..do b 5 ...
120 Yellow Jacket... B5@8i>g
MONDAY, a. m., Mat 3.
425 Alpha 28® '5^
1190 Bear, ifcBcloher.5il2(S56'«
110 Belcher 341g@33
6t0 Bullion 62J i@6i
750 Buckeye W?c
140 Baltimore ''on....7it(i)7ii
4!5 Ch.dbir 80382*$
195 Crown Point 3KJ§@""
100 Confidence 23.5)23
290 Con Virginia. ....455f§iJi
1950 California B4i£@6l
r>0 Caledonia 2lj£@2!!
100 Diinev 1
10 Exchequer 300
70 Empire Mill. ..v 6*A
5»0 Gould & Curry ...22®223$
200 do a 3l)..2i
40 Hale & Nor.... 45^15'.,
10 do. b3T
260 Imprial 9c
lii Justice. 131@133
515 Julia ■"
70 Knickerbocker... ..3%l
35 Ken tuck _
20 ....do b 30..1CS
50 Lady Bryan
990 Mexican 28'3)tftM
50 ..do... ....b 5.. 8!^
1610 Oldiir :0>@l0O
60 ..do n 5 .-.101
700 Overin n ,
40 Savage
205 Si- rra Nevada. 13Tn ^l-^
5.'5 Succor \'l(q>l--H
6i'l Silver Hill
370 Union _^
55 ..do bo &■'.,
130 UHb 7
30 yellow Jacket B5@-S4
AFTEBNOON SESSION,
2A0 American Fiat. ..1 @UM
100 American FlaR 21$
3225 >nde» 5'|Oo-'
7n Belmont 4{Xj«a4.
<;m < -i.ii i,.r ■;.>1i.',,0r
300 Cosmopolitan . .27' .(n'25c
765 Dayton 3M
100 Dardanelles 3
90 Eureka Con 34 'i
40 Caledonia 21 ' y^l
75 Empire GH
10 Exchequer 290
2020 Gould A Curry :>0@2l
10 do b 5. .21
25 Globe 1J£
60 Hale & Norcros<.45ta43%
.1110 .
An justice nmX'n]^
420 Julia WAm
50" Knickerbocker. 4
HO Kenluck 15^@15»{
110 Lady Bryan '...6
1630 Mexican 26@27
62i Overman 74SJ76
2700 Ophir B3@90!6
"' .do b5..90fi'89
do b30..Sl@SlM
do s 30. .89
do S10..89
25 fiavage 127';f^l:w
320 S Nevada 13@I2K
20 SegBtlohcr 100
170 Succor 1W@1
130 S Mill U%@\l%
50*.. do b5..13
455 Union 8M@8!$[
I5il Utah 6
50 Y Jacket 82@82.^
140 ....do b30..83
AFT.KRNOON SESSION.
475 American Flat-.lO^fSjlO
2"70 Andes 5Jfi(S)5
100 Belmont 04
100 Condor 75c
850 Curnucopa.. 1
200 Cosmopolitan 25c
1225 Dayton 3@3^
00 Dardanelles v. .3
2 0 Eureka Con 3I&J5J35
940 O Chariot 2J$@2!b
225 Gila 5@4^
1070 Jefferson 10@9M
60 Kossuth IK
1350 Leopard 15@15J£
5*» L'dy Washington 2
120 Meadow Valley.. 8%@8,>$
225 ManBfield 5%
50 Mahogany 9
20 Mides 8
200 NOarson.... 20o
140 New York 2
500 ....do b3"..2!tl
700 Oiiit Gold Hill. -3M@i7i
20 "ccidental 3J£
50 Pioche :.... 4
1145 Poorman 8
1375 Prussian.. 3^(34
200 Pauper 2%
920 Prospect 4
450 Raymond & Ely....56(&55
50 do s 30. .55
40 RyePatuh 2
640 Kock Island 7@7M
350 S California 2
160 Senator I
350 S Chariot 2^®-'**
500 War Eaele 5@5^
100 Wells-F.rgo 25c
225 Woodville 3M@3^
WEDNESDAY, a. m. Mat 6-
385 Alpha 2402.1^
60 ..do b 30, .24
615 Beet A, Belcher.. 5IM@55
305 Belcher 33»@34
320 Bulli .n ..Si^'ffi.W
150 Buckeye 62^@70o
1:^0 Baltimore Con. 7
390 Chollar 78<o77
4G5 Crown Point.. .35'-y:.l5!4
105 Confidence. .. . 3I,V«22
95 Con Virginia 4.'«@459
1155 California 62fe@fi3
50 .
..b5 63
170 Caledifnia 21@20«
20 .... do b30..21!4
20 Daney 1W
80 Empire Mill 6M@6
150 Gohe \%
440 Uould ACurry...21@20j$
SG't Imperial 9
145 Justice 125@I80
135 Kentuek ,...%V4
75 Knickerbocker 3>$
5 La.iy B yan 6
1330 Mexican -,6@26«
30 .'.do bSO..*?
5310 Ophir 78W 582
40 ..do b 5. .803$'
20 ..do b 30. .81
625 Overman 733$'@75
50 ...do b 5. .741.075
65 Savagi- I29@127
20 S Be ober ...104
65 SierraNevada 13
4t) Succor 1
900 Union i'on 8@7?i
10(1 Utnh. wmU
265 Yellow Jacket. ..823$!g8U
AFTERNOON SESSION.
100 American Flag 2*$"
355 American Flat...9y.@9?i
17K0 Andes ..&@47fi
1 0 Belmont if*
25 ChMill .1
150 Cornu opia I'.mH
1000 Cosmopolitan. .. 27)$"o
375 Condor lig^7teo
440 Diytoc afcHU
50 Dardan
330 Eurek,
■ ■m-'\
30 .
.do..
..35
150 El Dor.ido .South
150 G Charior ..7)*@S
1«0 Id- Ellmore .7.2
8t0 Jeff rson 9%Mt
38i Kossoth li£9lS
50 Lady Wash "IrTlK
200 Leopard 16
■W do b5..1K
4-0 Meadow Valk*y....7?s'5;8
20(1 Maisfleld 6@6l4
130 Mahogany 9
5 Mides 8
206 NOarson 223s@20o
125 New York ......2
130 Belcbi _ .
1310 Best & Belcher... 533£(g54
1390 Bu'lion 55®.W3^
470 B iltimore Con 74f[aM
1130 Ch Har 7l%®i9
300 Crown Point 35J&
20 O.-nfldence 23
1500 California 62K@63
3.1 Caled-mia 22m H$
175 Con Virginia 447@448
100 Danev 1
60 Empire Mill &A@&%
10 Exchequer 300
335 Gould & Curry. 16&®)9*i
40 Globe 134
235 Hale A Norcross..44!*®46
450 Imperial 85|(39
45 Justice , 132>$~
320 Julia 9W®9%
190 Kentuek *.5£®16
75 Knickerbocker 4(aH3$"
85 Lady Bryan 5K
1545 Mexican. .27><®28
1905 Ophir 983^®l0l
175 Overman 7I@72
95 Savage 132^@135
95 Sierra Nevada. 13
10 Seg Belcher 105
50 Utah ft%
3-25 Union Con 83$'®8%
130 Yellow Jacket. ...8jJ*.@8i
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1380 Andes 5J#5]5&
1000 Am Flat lIKSTiS
180 Belmont 43i@15fi
500 Condor 50c
120 Dayton 1%®!.%
15c Eureka Con 34
50 Fh rida 3
25 Golden Fleece I
100 Gila 33*:
100 Golden Chariot .8.^(&!8->}i
500 Ida Ellmore 33ii(al33Ji
1300 Jefferson ;...8®9
325 Kossuth l%@17li
400 Leopard 13
430 Meadow Val 8M@&i>B
300 Mansfield 6
350 M'des 8
170 MBelmont 70o
100 Niagara 30o
680 North Carson 25o
415 New York 2^@2M
100 Occidental 33$*
320 OG Hill 33*®3$B
130 Pioche 4@4!4
1210 Poorman 63^^7K
3U0 Pacific 13i@l%
500 Prostect 3Mfal3t$
2W Ray &, Ely 5B@Mj|
1O0 Rve Patch 2
400 Rock Island VAgTihi
1180 S Chariot 1%®1?4"
2n0 Silver Hill 12
THURSDAY, a.m., Mat 6.
i Aloha 22@J2W
1 Am Flat S
) Bullion...... 'tfgOT,1*;
) Best A Belcher5JV . ;S
l Baltimore Con...63i@6?4
) Belcher 3J@333$'
) Buckeve 75c
) Crown Point 35W
) Caleilonia 20@2l
) Chollar Potoai. ..75@?5"*;
) California 62@62a
) Confidence ■■• ■ 203^
<t Con Virginia 458S460
) Fmpire.Mill WA'a-bft
l Dardenelles 3
1 Gould A Curry 20@21
) Hale & Norcross.. .41@42
Imperial. _
Justice
Julia ,
Kenluck
Knickei backer
L dv Bryan....
Mexican
125
93i
.I4l-i5d5
m
..V.i(,r.V_.
S'26^:,
150 Senator.
100 s. R. Ialand..
200 Tyler
330 WarEacie....
1100 Woodville
50 New York 2
055 ophir 813£{a)843£
435 Overman 72@75
50 Occidental T5«
100 Rock Island :..6&
140 Savage 125@123-
380 Sierra Nevada... I2&@13
10 Sec Belcher. ....100
490 Succor 1
240 Silver Hill ll@Ii?fi
30 Senator li<
770 Union Con 72£@8
50 Utah 6
500 Woodville 3
360 Yellow Jacket... 77)$@78
AFTERNOON SESSION.
400 American Flag 2K
990 Andes 4^@44g
330 Belmont 4m
400 Oondor ; 1
560 EurpkaCon 36M®37
200 El D iradoS .75c
20 EurekaGV 8
50 Empire 23$
Olo uolden Chariot. .6S£@734
20U Gila C!TM
100 IdaEllmore 3
20 Kossuth lk
115 K KOnn i
360 Leopard 157*<&16>$
170 Lady Wash 13|@19b
140 Leo 1
240 Meadow Valley.. 73^©7)g
270 Niagara 25®30c
450 N Carson 20@25c
400 Orig Gold Hill.. 3M@33^
50 Prospect 3M'ffi4
400 Poorman ...,7^
45 Pioche 33^
310 Raymond A Ely....48@50
130 Rye Parch 2
!270 NGHill '. 2
900 South Chariot 2->f@3
900 Wells-Fargo 25c@30o
260 War Eagle .T...5
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
The Mining Stock Market.
Mining stocks gent-rally bave been a little
" off" this week, prices ruling comparatively
low. Ophir, the lender of the market, tumbled
pretty badly on Tnesdiiy, and worse ou Wednea
day. Other stocks have again full* n into their
old habit of following Ophir, and the whole
line is down. On the Comstock itself there is
no material change in the situation There
have been no strikes made, bnt work is steadily
going on. There has been a steady develop-
ment along the entire line; shalts and winzes
have been snnk with all the enf rgy which trained
skill and the be.^t appliances of art can give;
drifts and cross-cnts have been extended; bnt
on the surface all remains as before. Ab an
item of interest we may give the estimate in
which the bonanza mines are held by the Board
of Aldermen of Virginia City, as given in the
Enterprise. At their last meeting after having
parsed an ordinance providing lor the taxation
of the proceeds of the min«-st they made an
estimate of the total va uation of -property of
the city and the income of the mines, so as to
establish the percentage of taxation. In this
estimate, the whole amount of property to be
taxed, including this income from the mines,
was put at $20,000,000. Less than one-fourth
of this amount was from the valuation of prop-
erty generally, the balance from the proceeds
of the mines. Of this last amount it was esti-
mated that the Consolidated Virginia alone
would'yield $12 000,000 taxable valuation per
annum, and the California, after the completion
of its reduction works and the C & C shaft,
would furnish yet, during the year, $5,000,000
more. The estimate in both instances was
below the reality, as all property is usually
assessed at less than it is really worth.
Outside stocks continue dull like the Corn-
stocks. The Idahos hold their own, but have
made no advance this week. Pioche stocks
remain pretty firm, but display no remarkable
activity. California stocks are as usual pretty
dull, as they are not such good mediums of
speculation as the Washoe and other stocks.
The last clean-up of the Spring Valley min-
ing company, at Cherokee, Butte county, Cal.,
was $73,000 for five weeks' run. The returns
of this company are about the same each
month. They usually ship $60,000 each
month, but this time having run longer they
cleaned up^ a largtr amount. It was under-
stood that they would run the gold all into one
bitr, but by so doing it is impossible to melt it
at the mint until it is cut in smaller pieces.
The $72,000 bar that they sent down some time
ago had to be hammered out thin and then cut
in pieces. This company is noted for its large
burs. It wouldn't be a bad idea for some of
the immigrant-i who can't find anything to do,
to go on a prospect to find a few more claims
like the Spring Valley. It is worth trying,
anyhow.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals.!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS
Company. Location. No.Amt.
ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
American Flat M Oo Washoe
ft
1 00
Baltimore Com M Oo Washoe
H
1 00
Booth G M Oo Cal
1
Ifi
Chariot Mill A M Co San Diego Co Cal
3
Xft
rhief of the Hill M Oo Wauhoe
ti
15
Chollar-Potosi M Oo Washoe
«
it HO
Daney OiSMOo Washoe
13
Ml
Europa M Co Washoe
a
'if>
Globe Cone M Co - Washoe
■ h
■ 11*
Gold Mt G M Co Bear "Valley Cal
A
so
Hale A Norcross S M Oo Washoe
4fl
5 00
Ida Ellmore M Oo Idaho
17
1 00
Independent G M Oo Oal
Justice M Co W-aahog 14
K K Cons H Co Eureka Nevada
Knickerbocker M| Oo
Lady Washington M Co
Mexican G & S M Oo
Monitor Belmont M Oo
New York Cons M Oo
New York M Oo
Niagara GA S M Oo
Overman S M Co
Pioche S M Co
Prussian GdSMOo
Ravinontl & Ely M Oo
Savage M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Silver Cord M Co
South Chariot M Oo
South Comstock G & S M Co
Succor M A M Co
Wells Fargo M Co
Woodville Cons S M Co
Yellow Jacket S M Oo
Wauhoe 12
Wathoe. 5
W&ahoe 1
Nevada
Washoe 13
- Washoe 4
Washoe 1
Washoe 31
Ely District 9
Washoe 4
Pioche 4
- Washoe 8
Washoe 41
Idaho 9
Idaho 13
Washoe 2
Washoe 11
Washoe I
Washoe 1
Washoe 20
?0
3 1)0
1 00
1 so
so
50
5 00
5 00
1 00
1 00
50
25
50
10
1 00
5 00
Levied.
Mar 26
April 10
April 12
Mar 31
April 17
Mar 26
April 14
Mar 22
April 14
Mar IB
Mayl
April 13
April 29
MarlS
Maris
April 2
April 27
April 17
Mar 22
Mar 16
April 22
April 22
April 16
Mar 16
May 3
Mar 24
April I
April 27
Mav3
April 24
Mar 30
April 0
AprilS
Mar 17
Mar 25 '
April 7
Deling
May 4
Mar 14
May 19
May 3
May 22
May 21
May 18
April 28
Mav20
April 22
June 5
May 18
June 4
April 19
April 20
May 6 '
Mav29
May 21
April 26
April 19
May 25
May 25
M»v 19
April 20
.lune 10
May 3
May 10
May 31
June 5
May 31
May 4
May 12
May 13
April 21
Anril28
May 11
nt. Sale.
May 28
June 2
Jane 7
May 25
Jane 14
May 27
Juoe 8
May 20
Jane 8
Mavl2
Julyl
Jane 9
June 25
Mas 10
May 20
May 9
June 19
June 8
May 14
May 17
June 12
June 12
June 8
May 10
Julyl
May 22
June 5
June 19
Juiib 24
June 21
May 25
May 31
June 3
May 10
May 17
June 11
Secretary. Place of Business.
Geo It Sninney 320 California st
331 Montgomery st
331 Montgomery st
320 California st
O A Sankey
C A Sankey
Geo B Spinney
F Swift
(Ih-rlesSNeal
W E Dean
Geo R Spinney ■
R B Noyee
J Maguire
J P Cavallier
J F Lightner
C B Hicrgins
Geo T Grimee
J S Kennedy
B B Minor
J H Sayre
H C Kibbe
J W A Coleman
W W Hopkins
H C Kibbe
H O Kihbe
W RTownaend
Geo D Edwards
C E Elliott
R H Brown
J W Col burn
E B Holmes
R Wegener
O B Hicgins ■
O H Bogart
J M Bumngton
W a Watson
C A Sankey
W M Helman
G W Hopkins
419 California st
419 California st
419 California st
320 California st
419 California st
419 California st
513 California st
439 California st
402 Montgomery st
240 Montgomery Bt
Merchants' Ex
411^ California st
Steven°on's Bldg
419 California Bt
419 Oallforniii at
■1111- California st
419 California at
419 California st
330 Pine st
414 California st
419 California Bt
402 Montgomery rt
418 California st
419 California st
414 California Bt
402 Montgomery st
402 Montgomery et
Merchants' Ex
302 Montgomery st
331 Montgomery st
401 California st
Gold Hill Nevada
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alharabra Q M Co Oal 1
Annie Belcher Quicksilver M Co Oal 1
Arizona A Utah M Co Washoe 12
Benjamin M A M Co Lyon Co Nevada 2
Booth GM Co Placer Co Cal 1
California Gone M A M Oo Oal
Cherokee Flat Blue Gravel M Co Cal 34
Chicago Quloksilver M Oo Oal
Cincinnati G A S M Co Cal
Coe G M Oo Grass Valley Oal
Combination G A S M Oo Inyo Co Cal
Edith QMOo
El Dorado Slate Oo
Oal
Cal
Empire A Middleton Cons Q M Co Cal 1
Enterprise Coas M Co
ExcelBior Q M Co
Geyser QSMOn
Golden Crown M Oo
Gold Mountain M Co
Gold Run M Oo
Illinois Central M On
International G M Co
Kentucky G A S M Co
Magent* S M Co
Mariposa L & M Oo
Martin A Walling M A M Co Oal
Missouri Q M Co Sonoma Co Oal 1
Monumental M Co Washo* 1
New York Cons M Co Washoe 13
North Bloomneld Gravel M Co Cal 37
OmegaTableMtMOo Oal 5
OrleanBMCo Oal 3
Orleans M Co Grass Valley Oal
Oal
Oal 1
Oal 1
Oal 2
Amador Co Oal
Nevada Co Oal 11
Idaho 2
Oal I
Washoe 0
Grass Valley Oal 2
Cal 1
Rocky Bar M Co
Rocky Bar M Oo
Silver Peak M Oo
Silver Sprout M Co
Stanislaus River M Oo
St Helena G A S M Co
St Paul G A 8 M Oo
Theresa M A M Co
Utah S M Co
Virginia Cons M Co
Woodville G A S M Oo
Zacatero G M Oo
Washoe
WflBhoe
Oal
Cal
Napa Oo Oal
Napa Co Cal
Oal
Washoe
Inyo Oo Oal
Washoe
Calaveras Oo Oal
1
5 Mar 24
20 ADril 10
75 MarlS
10 April 14
15 Mar 31
50 April 1
5 April 23
10 ADril 9
10 Mar 17
60 April 23
10 ADril 22
30 Mario
25 April 26
10 April 17
25 Mar .a
25 Mar 20
50 MarlS
6 Mar 39
?* Mar 26
15 April 7
50 Mar 22
15 Mar 2
2" Mai:18
50 April 9
1 00 Mar 10
50 Apw124
25 April 16
25 April 17
1 00 April 22
1 00 April 14
l^April 30
1 00 Mar 16
1 00 April 27
10 April 22
10 Mar 3
SO Mar 29
5 Feb 17
40 April 1
20 April 17
10 April 17
20 Mar 13
2 00 Mar 19
10 April 21
1 00 Mar 25
10 April 27
April ?fi
May 12
April 22
Rlay22
Mav3
May 3
May 29
May 10
April 26
May 26
May 27
April 22
May 27
May 28
April 24
April 2fi
April 23
Mayl
April 24
May 10
Anril 27
May 5
A»ril 28
May 13
May 13
May 25
May 17
May 19
May2S
May 12
J une 5
April 21
June 1
May 27
ADril 14
May 6
April 17
MayS
May 20
May 20
April 24
April 21
June 1
April 28
June 3
May 15
May 31
May 12
June 14
May 25
May 18
June 19
May 31
May !7
June 16
June 18
May 14
June 11
June 17
May 18
May 15
May 16
May 20
May 10
June 4
Mav 20
May 24
Mav 22
.Tune 1
June 7
June 15
June 7
Jane 8
June 12
Jane 6
June 28
May 10
June 22
June 17
MayS
May 28
June 17
May 22
June 10
June 10
May 11
May 11
June 2S
May 17
Jnne 21
R Von Paster
JMBufflngton
J Maguire
la Leavitt
G R Spinney
J W Tripp
O H Bogart
G R Oottrell
Wm Small
A Treadwell
D Wilder
Wm Stunrt
Hugh EliaB
J G Riley
F J Hermana
R Von Pfister
Ford H Rogers
Daniel Buck
W Aug Knapp
O O Palmer
R H Rrown
J M Buffingion
R Goldsmith
L Kaplan
L Leavitt
B F Hickox
F H RogerB
W RTn«nsend
HO Kibbe
Thoa Derby .
D Wilder
J F Ne«mith
Geo P Thurston
J P Oavallier
J P Oavallier
G T Grave b
T B Wingard
W Stuart
R Von Pfister
R Von Pfister
B F H'ckson
W E Dean
Merchants' Ex
Merchants* Ex
419 California st
401 California st
320 California st
408 California st
402 Montgomery Bt
310 Kearny st
531 California st
531 California st
Merchant*' Ex
113 Liedeadorffst
416 Montgomery at
432 Montgomery Bt
• 418 Kearny et
Merchant*' Ex
Academy Bldg
14 Stevenson'B Bldg
HOLeideedorffat
41 Market st
402 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
10S Sansome st
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
408 California st
330 Pine Bt
330 Pine st
419 California st
32« California st
Merchants' Ex
315 California st
SlSCiallforniast
513 California Bt
513 California st
240 Montgomery st
318 California st
113 LeidesdorfTst -
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
408 Oaliforniast
419 California st
318 Oaliforniast
401 California et
Merchants' Ex
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Nam» of Co.
Adams Hill Gone M Oo
Andes S M Co
Empire MOo
Enterprise M Oo
Franklin M Oo
Hercules Q M Co
Lexington M Oo
Magan M Oo
Morgan M Oo
New Idria M Oo
Scorpion 8 M '"o
Segregated Rock Island M Co
Tolman A Miller M Oo
Umpire Tunnel A M Oo
Secretary. Office in S. F.
WWTraylir 408 California et
Called by Stockholders 411^ Oal st
" " 419 Oaliforniast
Sonoma Oo Oal
Calaveras Oo Oal
CalaveraB Oo Oal
Oal
Washoe
>yS
Wm Willis
T Ii Darling
Wm H Watson
RROraie
J M De Pass
Wm G Hughes
W G Hughes
__8 Battery st
302 Montgomery st
240 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
106 LeidesdorfTst
106 Leidesdorffet
Cal
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
-MINING
Name of Oo.
Belcher M. Oo.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M A M Co
Cons Virginia M Oo
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Oo.
Eareka Consolidated M Co
ExcelBior M A M Oo
Jefferson S M Oo
Rye Paten M Oo
F. Mickle Over Bank of California
Wm H Martin 534 California st
W H Watson 302 California st
n H Bogart 402 Montgomery st
P A E.ikins 230 Kearny st
months)-
Oflice in S. F.
419 Oalifornla st
4i9 California st
401 California Bt
414 California st
220 Clay st.
419 California Bt
419 Oaliforniast
331 Montgomery et
409 California st.
Meeting-. .Pate.
Annual May 17
Special May 19
Annual May 10
Annaal May 17
Annual Mar 24
Special May 19
Annual May 12
Annual May 10
Annual Mav 15
Annual Anril 2fi-
Annual May 10
Annual May 18
Annual May 13
Annual May 10
INCORPORATIONS.
Location. Secretary.
Waahoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal «l Oliver
CM Frank Swift
Washoe Oharles H Fish
Washoe OE Elliott
N. O.Fa'oet.
Nov WWTraylor
Frank Swift
O A Lankey
Nevada D F Verdenal
Amount.
100
2S
m
10 00
200
1 on
1 00
1 on
90
SO
Payable.
. Jon 11
Apr IT
Nov IS
AprH
Jan 12
Jan . 25
Mara
April 10
April \h
Mi "
arS
Patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of D. S. Pateots Is-
sued to Paoifto Coast Inventors.
[From Official Reports: fob thb Mining and Soieh.
Tine Pbek9, DEWEY & OO., Publishers and
U. S. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Dated Washing-ton,
D. C. May 4, 1,875.
For Week Ending April 20, 1875.
Target. — Chnrles Buekner, S. F., Cal.
Bobbin Winder fob Sewing Machines. — Henry
H. Bhodes and Charles C. Btdmocd, San
Jose, Cal.
Bit Stock. — Elbert R. Charles, Petaluma,
Cal.
Cultivator. — Amos B. Colver, Albany, Ore-
. gon.
Grain Separator.— El; j ah Knapp, S. F., Cal.
Fastening fos Pockets. — David Neustadter,
S. F., Cal.
Hay and Grain Elevatob. — Thomas Powell,
Stockton, Cal.
Carriage. — Frank F.- Doland and Fr.mcis
Scherb, Sacramento, Cal.
Reel fob Habvesters. — Frederick Wyman,
San Buenaventura, Cal.
Tobacco Package. — James D. Culp, Gilroy,
Cal.
Eailroad Signal. — James Gordon, S. F., Cal.
Ice Machine. — Samuel Martin, S. F., Cal.
Tap and Faucet foe Babrels. — Amos C.
Springer, S. F., Cal.
Trade -Mark.
Foe Medicine.— John H. Euttley, S. F., Cal.
Industrial Items.
A new steamer for the line between this city
and Humboldt bay is in process of construction,.
She is to be twenty-six feet beam, ten feet
lower hold, six feet nine inches between decks,
and 160 feet overall, and with a carrying capac-
ity of 330 tons.
A franchise has been granted to Fawcett,
Fernauld and Winchester, of Santa Barbara, to
constrnot and operate a horse railroad from
Sternes' wharf to some point near the Mis-ion,
the work to be commenced within three
months,
The Los Angele3 Express learns that 28,000
sheep had gone up through Cajon pass duriDg
the past ten days. Of these, 8,000 wtre des-
tined for Bear valley and 20,000 for Arizona.
The Santa Cruz Sentinel states that the Felton
railroad is progressing steadily. They are now
engaged in the heavy work at the tunnel above
the powdf r works.
DON'T HACK, HACK, COUGH, COUGH !
Cough Is a symptom by which various diseased con-
ditioDs of the throat, bronchial tubes and Iuugs maul
fe&t themselves. But whether it arises from the irrita
tion produced in the throat and larynx by taking cold,
from an attack of Bronchitis, from insipient Consump-
tion, or from various other causes, nothing will allay it
more speedily or cure it more permanently than Dr.
Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery. It does not matter
whether it be a recent attack, or A lingering cough, the
Discovery is in cither case equally well adapted for its
relief and permanent cure. In fact, it will cure a cough
in one-half the time necessary to cure it with any other
medicine, and it does it, not by drying it up, but by re-
moving the cause, subduing the irritation, and healing
the affected parts. No time should bo lost in commenc-
ing the use of a proper medicine for the relief or>»
cough, for unless thiB course is pursued, serious and
dangerous disease of the lungs is liable to result.
Golden Medical Discovery is sold by all dealers in
medicines.
May 8, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
300
METALS.
[WKOLU1LC.)
TbussdaT m., May 6, 187o.
American Pi* lron.f* too @| 4« ou
hcowb Pic Iron.n too 46 W u. iS uU
White Pi*. » toa 3 « W
Orvicon Pig. 14 ton @ 46 tW
R«tioed B*r. bad aaaortmant. * fc la— J1,
Refined Bar, good aaaoruneat, T» »> $—4
Boiler. No. 1 to 4 @ — 5"%
PUU, No. A to S 3 — 51*
HhMt.No. lutou a _ s>2
BbMt. No. 16 to DJ — 5S» — M*
8hMt.N0. 12 to74 — 6 ft— 6S
Sheet, No. W to J4 - 6^@ - 7
done sooo.. per kog ... 7 So <u» d OU
Nail Rod -10 3
Norway Iron — 9 (5 — —
Rolled Iron — 6 J,
Other Irons for Black* oil ths. Minere, etc « — 4'-
OOFFEB.—
Brazier* ' — 11 fl>
Copper Ttn'd — 37S'* — *
U'nUl'tPat - 37S3 — «
Sheathing. $ ft. .. 40 <i — M
She*lbiujr. Yellow a — iS
Shaathlng. Old Yellow St - Us
Composition Nails — 24 m
Composition Bolts — 24 3
Tn» Platkm.—
10x14 I O Charcoal 12 00 & 12 -N)
10X14 I X Charcoal U 00 M) 14 W
Rootle* Plato I C Charcoal It 0(1 @ 11 W
Baoca Tio —30 -31 — 32
Australian —28 id — 30
STaJEL.— haa-iUh Oaat, V lb — 20 @ - 25
AnJurtoD A Woods' American CuL m — 16S
DnU 5- 16.S
FUtBa* -W @ — W
Plow SUel — 9 (3 — 10
ZIXC....B7 the Cask.. S — 11
Zino. Sheet 7x3 ft, No 7 to 10 V& ... 4—11
do do 7x3 ft. No II to 14 3 - 11«
do do 8x4 ft, No 8 to 10 @ — lljj
do do 8x1 ft, No 11 to 10 @ - 12
Nail*— Assorted elxoo 4 25 (<a B00
QcicxalLTKR, per lb 65 — ;.iu — 75
LEATHER.
[ WHOLESALE. 1
Wednesday m„ May S, 1876.
City Tanned Leather. «D 26@2
Santa Crux Leather, * ft- 26@2»
Country Leather, •* Tb 24(228
Stookton Loatber, tl lb 25kq2<«
Jodot, 8 Kil.. per doz $50 00<a 54 00
Jodot. 11 to IS Kil., per doz 68 OoiSi 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz -. 82 00@M "0
Jodot. eooond onoice, 11 to lb" Kil. V doa. 57 (*xdt 74 00
Oornotltan, 12 to 16 Kb 57 DOB 67 00
Oornellion Females. 12 to 13 63 00(a) 67 0"
Coruelliao Females. 14 to- 16 KI1 71 uu@ 76 M
Simon L'llmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 0Q@ tii (,n
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 Uli'cu 72 U0
Simon l'llmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00<«75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,» doz 61 Wqi b3 mi
Simon, 20 Kil. * doz 65 OOfo) 67 W
Simon. 24 Kil.* doz 72 00® 74 0u
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 KiL 35 00(4 40 '»
French Kipe, * D> 1 O0» 1 15
California Kip, * doc 40 00®] 6" »
Frenoh Sheep, all colors, ft doz 8 OOto 15 00
Eastern Calf for Backs,* t» 1 0*1(0 1 2fi
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, fkdoe.... 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Limn^a.-* doz 5 50<£ 10 50
California R assort Sheep Linings 1 75® 4 50
Best Jodot Calf Boot Legs, V pair 5 00® 5 25
Good French Calf Boot Lags, V pair 4 00® 4 75
French Calf Boot Legs,)) pair 4 00® —
Harness Leather,* St 30® 37
fair Bridle Leather,* doz 48 00a 72 —
Skirting Leather, * & 33® 37 S
Welt Leather, * doz 30 oua 50 00
Bnff Leather, » foot 17® %
Wax Side Laathor.1l foot 17iA 0
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Charles Sotbo a- Co.]
8am Fkakouco, May 5, 8 p. it.
Leoal Tendebb In S. P., 11 *. *., B7H to 88.
Gold in N. Y., 1.15*.
Gold Babs, 890. Silveb Bab*. 4 and 4'-i per cant, dis-
count.
Exchange on N. T., \ per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, 1'? and 2 per cent, discount.
Currency, 14 per cent. On Louden— Bankers, 49%; Com-
mercial, 49'$. r'arifl,'* francs per dollar.
London — Consols, 9434 to S4M ; Bonds. 102H; Liverpool
Whet* 9-.; 9s 3d. : Club 9s. 2d. ; 9a. 7
Quica-iMLVEBin S. F.. by the flask, per Ik, 65c@75c.
Tenth Industrial Exhibition of the
Mechanics' Institute,
S. F.J875.
preliminary"announcement.
The Board of Mauagera of the Tenth Industrial Ex.
bibitlon have the pleasure of announcing that an
Industrial Exhibition will beheld, under the auspices
of the Mechanics' Institute, In the city of San Francisco,
to be opened on Tuesday, the 17th of August, 1875, at
11 a. m., and to continue open at least one month
thereafter.
In making this public announcement, the Managers
desire that those who intend to exhibit should Bend in
their applications fur Bpace as early as possible, so as
to avoid the necessity of excluding, as has been the
case heretofore, the many desirable exhibitors who are
unusually tardy in making applications.
The forthcoming Industrial Exhibition will be the
tenth held under the auspices of the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, and the Managers are juBtitied in saying that it
will undoubtedly surpass in completeness of detail
and general arrangement any heretofore held.
The last Exhibition was attended by 700,000 visitors,
attracted hither by the fame of these Industrial Fairs,
and for the purpoBe of investigation, business and
pleasure.
All the available exhibiting space was applied for
several weeks before the day of opening, and the Man-
agers were compelled to deny admission to many de-
sirable exhibits.
The Board of Managers deBlre particularly that the
arts, the industries and natural products of the coun-
try Bhould be well represented at the forthcoming ex-
hibition, and no pain*will be spared to make these
classes of exhibits a special feature there.
The Exhibition will be held in the building con-
structed for that purpose in 1874, but it will be ma-
terially enlarged and improved in many details for the
Exhibition of 1876.
The Bpace under roof will exceed 180,000 square feet,
or about four and a balf acres, exclusive of the Horti-
cultural Garden, which will occupy 21,600 square feet
additional.
The location of the Exhibition Building, on Eighth
street, between Market and Mission streetB, cannot be
surpassed for convenience and aceeBSibility, and can bo
approached from every part of the city by means of the
various linesjof street railroads, any of which bring
visitors within two blocks of the entrance gate.
The utmost care has been exercised in providing for
ample ventilation and light, and during theeveningthe
building is brilliantly illuminated by over 5,0C0 gas
lights.
The promenade avenues are broad, and 3,000 seats
are provided for the comfort of visitors, for whose con-
venience there is aleo an excellent restaurant, under
the management of a first-class restaurateur.
Every afternoon and evonlog the best orchestra the
city can supply will discourse excellent music under
the direction of an accouipllnhed leader.
The building iB always well attended by visitors, and
during the lant Exhibit Lou over M.WO were daily ad
umtcd lor s number ol day*, aud Under no similar cir-
cumstances can the manufacturer, the mechanic, the
Inventor, producer or business man so advantageously
place hluivclf before the people of the Pacific Cuabt.
Pitmoub desiring to ubtain information, or to make
application for apace), should address "Managers of
ii-urh Industrial Exhibition, San Francisco, Califor-
nia," or make pt-rxuual application as Wluw.
It is expected that the various transportation c«'in-
psules will couvt y ■ooda n tended in good faith fur
exhibition, at hull tXU uuual rates.
Exhibitors from abroad, if they have no agent or
coneiguee In San Francisco, can consign goodH and
mark the same to the "Mansgcr of the Tenth IudUM-
trlal Exhibition, 17 Post street, San Francisco," and
tin y Mill be ston-d. It they arrive before the day of
opening, iree of expeuM*; but no oharges or'expenses
for freight or forwarding, etc., will be paid by the
MnUsgera.
lu order to secure space, application should be made
on or before July 20th, 1875.
Blanks will be furnished on application.
Premiums will be awarded as lolluws, viz: 16 gold
medals, 60 silver medals, 8oclety Diplomas, Certificates
of Merit and Special Premiums, aH the Board may deter-
mine.
BlankB for space can be obtained at the Mechanics'
Iubtitate ou application by letter or otherwise; and any
Information will be given, by applying to any member
of the Buard uf Managers, as beluw:
A. 8. Hallidie 113 Pine Btreet.
James C. Patbick 122 Battery Btreet.
Benbt L. Davis 421 California street.
D. E. Hayes 213 Fremont Btreet.
Aba R. Wells Mechanics' Mill.
P. B. Cobnwall Cor. Spear & Harrison Btreets.
Chab. Elliot 516 Calilornla street,
Geobob M'AULi'i.Nii 414 Clay Btreet
Biciiabd Savage 139 Fremont street,
W. P. Stout 604 Merchant Btreet.
J. H. Macdonald 217 Spear street.
J. P. Cubtis 320 Jackson street
K. B. Woodwabd Woodward'B GardeuB.
James Spiers 311 Howard Btreet.
To the Librarian of the MechanicB' Institute, or to
J. H. CULVER, Secretary, 27 Post street, San Fran-
cisco.
Rules and Regulations of the Tenth
Industrial Exhibition, Mechanics'
Institute, S. F., 1875.
1. The Pavilion will be open for the reception of
goods on Monday, AugUBt 2d. The exhibition will be
open to the public on Tuesday, August 17th, at 11
o'clock A. M.
2. Applications for Bpace must be made on or before
July 20th, stating character of exhibit, amount and
kind of Bpace required— wall, table or floor. And, if
cases, etato length, width aud bight of case. Blanks
will be furnished for this purpose, and a elerk will be
in attendance at the Library of the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, every day from 12 to 1, and 7 to 10 p. m.
3. All persons presenting articles for exhibition
must have them registered by the Receiving Clerk, who
will give a receipt for the same, which receipt must be
presented when the articles are withdrawn, at the cIobs
of the Exhibition.
4. JudgeB will be appointed by the Board of Mana-
gers, immediately upon the opening of the Exhibition,
to examine all articles presented, in accordance with
Article III, and the Managers will award premiums on
such articles as the judges shall declare are worthy,
which will be delivered as soon as they can be pre-
pared. Due notice will be given of the announcement
of premiums.
5. The morningB of each day, until 10 o'clock, will
be appropriated to the Judges, and no visitors will be
admitted during the time thus appropriated, except at
the special request of the JudgeB, or by permission of
the Managers.
G. Articles intended for sale may be labeled accord-
ingly, but cannot be removed until the close of the
Exhibition, except by written permission of the Mana-
gers.
7. 8team power will be prcvided, so that machinery
of all kinds may be seen in actual operation, and every
facility possible will be given to exhibit working ma-
chinery to the best advantage.
8. The name of every article must be attached by the
exhibitor to it.
9. Articles intended for exhibition must be entered
and placed on exhibition on or before Saturday,
Augubt 21st.
IU. Perishable articles will be received, or may be
removed at any time during the- exhibition, with the
consent of the Managers.
11. The most effectual means will be taken, through
the agency of the Police and otherwise, to guard and
protect the property on exhibition; and it will be the
purpose of the managers that all articles shall be re-
turned t,o the owners without loss or iDJury. Still, all
articles deposited will be at the bisk op the ownebs.
12. In case of any misunderstanding, application
may be made to the Managers, who will at all times be
in attendance.
13. The Managers are desirous that artioles should
be presented early. Those from abroad, intended for
exhibition, Bhould be properly packed, and if not con-
signed to exhibitor's agent, must be marked, " Mana-
gers oe Tenth Industrial Exhibition, 8 an Francisco,
Cad." All articles thus received, arriving too early,
will be stored free of cost to the exhibitor, and the
Managers will have them duly placed in proper position
for exhibition. No freight charges will be paid by the
Managers; but exhibitors are notified that arrange-
ments are being made with various transportation eom-
eanieB to repay freight charges on evidence of goodB
pxhibited.
Information will be furnished by addressing Man-
agers of Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Fban-
oiso, Cal.
Our Agents.
Our Friends can do much in aid of our paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents in their labors of canvassing, by lending their
influence and encouraging favors. We intend to send
none but worthy men.
J. L. Thabp— San Francisco.
B. W. CnowELL— California.
A. C. Champion — Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties.
D. J. James— Australian Colonies.
J. 0. Ewtng — Contra Costa County.
John Rostron— Merced County.
W. 0. QurNB*. Eastern and Western States.
B. E. Lloyd — Nevada and Placer Counties.
B. Goodwtn— California.
A. C. Knox., Southern California.
G. W. McGbew— Santa Clara county.
L. P. MoCabty — California.
H. D. Morgan— Santa Cruz County.
J. W. Riley — San Joaquin and Stanislaus Counties.
Chas. T. Bell— Calif ornia, Oregon and W. T.
piping and otherDompapie?.
Benjamin Mill and Mining Company — Lo-
cation 01 principal plice of bn-meo. San Francisco, Cal-
uwrci.1 Location of works. Devil's Gat« Di-tnct, Lyyn
County, Nevada.
Notice is henby (riven, that at a mee'ine of the B<>ard of
Directors, held on the Uth day of April. 1875. an usseaa-
oient. No. 2. of ten centit' per »aare w«. levied uiu.n iln>
capital -lov'k of ilie corporation, payable on the 31 at dav of
April. 187ft. In United Mates Kold coin, to the -Secretary, at
the office of the c<in:ntnv, Room 7, 401 California strvet.
San Franciaco. California.
Any st<>uk up->u which this assessment shall renin in nn-
paul on ihel'.'u da\ of May, lh7.\ will be delinquent, and
advvrtlaed for -0 1 ■- at pontic Huction, and nnleiot puyinent
is made b^lore, will be told ou Monday, the )4th J.iv of
June, )->7S, to nay the delinquent assessment, togethsr
with costs of iKivertisiim and uipctiaes of sale. By order
of t!ic Board of Directors.
LEaNDKR LEAV ITT, Secretary.
Office, Itoom 7. 401 California street, San Francisco, Cat
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company. Location of principal place of business,
Ban Francisco, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
ilt'.-intird stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 1st day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Named. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Burke, T 33 100 $ 50 00
Burke, T 34 50 W00
Burke, T 36 50 25 00
Bendy, Joshua 8* 70 35 00
Hendy, JoBhuo, TruBtee.73 24,550 12,275 00
Hendy, Joshna, Trustee. 78 2,116 1,068 00
Reardon, John 80 50 25 00
Aud in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 1st day of April, 1875,
so many Bhaaes of each parcel of said stock as may be
necessary, will be sold at public auction, at the office
of the company, 408 California Btreet, room 16, on the
18th day of May, 1875, at the hour of 1 o'clock P. M.,
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, Room 16, No. 408 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Carbon Coal Company — Principal place
of business, Sun Francisco, 1'alifornia. Location of
works, Contra Costa County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 1st day of May, 1875, an asBeasment
of 91.25 per share waB levied upon the capital stock of the
corporation, payable immediately, in United States gold
ana silver coin, to the Secretary. N. C. FaBsett, No. 220
Clay street, San Francisco. California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of June, i$7.r\ will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on the Uth day of June, 1875,
to pay the delinquent assessment, together with costs of
advertising and expensed of sale.
N. C. FASSETT, Secretary.
Office, No. 220 Olsy etreet, San Francisco, California.
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pany— Location of principal place of business. San
Francisco, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 17th day of March, 1875, the several amounts set
oppoBlte the names of the respective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Cuthbert, Wm 12 100 $10 00
Cuthbert, Wm 38 200 20 00
Cuthbert, Wm 108 100 10 00
Pilcher, W J 80 1C0 10 00
Pilcher, WJ 81 100 10 00
Pilcher, W J 82 100 10 00'
Piicher.WJ Ill 100 10 00
Dorman. 3 M S9 60 6 00
Dorman.SM 120 20 2 00
FolingBby, T H 100 40 4 00
Folings^y. TiH 121 13 130
Woods, MrsA 44 - 1,000 10(100
Woods, Mrs A 71 500 60 00
Woods.MrsA 115 500 60 0U
Woods, SD 83 6 50
Woods, SD 107 201 20 10
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 17th day of March,
1875, so many Bhares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company. Room 1, No. 531 California Btreet,
San Francisco, on the 17th day of May, 1875, at the
hour of 1 o'clock, p. m., of said day, to pay said delin-
quent assessment thereon, together with costs of ad-
vertising and expenses of sale. WM. SMALL, Sec'y.
Office, Rohm 1, No. 531 California Btreet, San Fran-
cisco, California.
Woodwaro's Gardens embraces an Aquarium, Muae-
utn. Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skatiug Rink.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of principal place of business. City and County
of San Francisco.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described ttock, on account of assessment (No. 3) levied
oatho 25tb day of March, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate, No. Shares. Amount.
W A Knapp, Trustee 16 100 *26 00
W A Knapp, Trustee 19 100 25 00
W A Knapp, Trustee 78 100 25 00
GD Roberts 29 2,000 600 00
J P Woodman 50 100 25 00
D M Hosmer, Trustee 49 400 100 00
WAKnapp 13 500 125 00
W A Knapp 75 200 60 0"
TBKent 44 4,126 1,031 25
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 25th day of March,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock aB
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the Secretary, No. 1'6 Leidesdorff street, on
Monday, the 17th day of May, 1875, at the hour of 1
o'clock, p. m., of said day, to pay said delinquent as-
sessment thereon, together with costts of advertising
and expenses of sale. W. AUG3. KNAPP, Sec'y.
Office, 116 Leidesdorff street, corner of Halleck, San
Francisco, California.
Board of Directors, made on the 8th day of March,
187S, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as may
be necessary, will be Mold at public auction, at the
auction house of John Mlddletan & Son, No. 310 Mont-
gomar* street, San Francisco, California, on the 10th
day of May, 1876, at the hour of 12 o'clock of., of said.
day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon, to-
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
LOUIS VEdARlA. Secretary.
OthVr — Northwest corner Pine and Sansome streets,
San Frauciocu, California.
Manhattan Marble Company of California
— Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, California. Location of works, Oakland, Ala*
11n.1l. 1 county, California.
NOTIOE.— There in delinquent upon the following
deHcnbed stock, on account of assessment levied on
the -M th .lay of March, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names ot the respective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
8 G Be try 29 10 $5) 00
SGBeBtty 30 10 6u CO
8 G Beatfy 34 10 60 00
John Currey 306 119 595 00
Chas Barlow 94 00 300 OU
Chas Barlow 95 59 295 0o
C Beach 75 25 125 00
O Beach 76 25 125 00
C Beach 77 25 126 00
C Beach 78 25 125 00
C Beach 79 ly 96 00
C W Howard J26 119 595 00
T J Arnold 13:1 69 295 00
D M Bokee, Irut-tee 259 7 35 00
D M Bokee, Trustee -.260 3 15 00
J ARawsou 304 20 100 00
AlphonBO Dam 261 20 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 30kb day of March,
1U75, so many shares of each parcel of said stock aa
may be necessary, will be sold at the office of the com-
pany, la and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco, on
Mondsy, the 17th day of May, 1875, at 12 o'clock, m., to
pay the delinquent aBse&anient thereon, together with
cost of advertising and expenses of Hale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Seo'y.
Office, Nob. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San Francisco,
California.
No Agents are authorized to receive BubBcrlptlonB for
this paper at 1«bb than our advertised rates.
Keystone Quartz Mining Company— Lo-
cation of priucipal place of business, San Francisco,
California. Location of works, Butte Township,
Sierra County, California.
Notice— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 8th day of March, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Milton 3 Latham '. . .42 1000 $1000 00
Milton 8 Latham 43 1000 1000 00
Milton S Latham 44 400 400 00
Peter Dean 45 200 200 00
J FGreenman, Trustee.. 68 " 774 774 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Martin & Walling M. & M. Co.— Principal
place of business, San Francisco, California Location
of works. Coulterville, Mariposa County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Director)1, held on the 2jth day of April, 1S75, an Hssess-
ment of fifty (.Ml) cents per share wan levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the .Secretary, ai the office of
the Company, 40Si California street, room 16, San Francisco,
California.
Any -took npon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 25th day of May, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, nnd unlee-* payment
is made before, will be >oid on Tuesday, the 15th day of
June, 1875. to pay the delinquent a&*es*ment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
U.K. HICKOX. Secretary.
Office— 403 California etreet. room 16. San Francisco, ual .
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal plnce of business. San Francisco,' California.
Location of works. Grass Valley Township, Nevada
County, California.
Notice is hi reby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said corporati'-n, held on the 27th day of
April, ] 875, an a>ses8inent (No. 4) of one dollar per Bhare
was levied upon the capital stock of saiS company, paya-
ble irnmeil lately, in gold coin of thu United States of
America, to the Secret-try, at the office of the company,
room 8, No. 315 California stree', San F anciseo, California.
Any at"Ck upon which eaid assessment fhall remain un-
paid on Tuesday, the 1st duy of June. 1475, will be
advertise*! i>n that day aa delinquent, an1 unless pavment
shall be made I* lore, will be sold on Tueedav, the 22d
day of June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with co»ts of advertisini; and exnenses of sale.
GEO. P. THURSTON. Secretary.
Office — Room 8, No. 315 California Btreet, San Fran*
cisco, Cal.
Theresa Mill and Mining Company-
Location of principal place of business, San Fran-
cisco, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 13th day of March, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders sb
follows: "
Names. No. Certificate. No. SharcB. Amount.
Brigham, Chas B 167 100 $20 00
Brigham, Chas B 168 900 180 00
Ellis, Fred L 1R8 100 20 00
FaSBett, N C Mrs 174 200 40 00
Gately, M 184 .' 1,000 200 00
Hickox, 8 J Mrs 194 10 2 00
Hickox.BF 13 100 20 00
Hickox, B F 139 26 5 00
Hickox.BF, Trustee 198 60 10 00
Hickox.BF, Trustee 199 25 6 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 200 40 8 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 201 40 8 00
Hickox, BF, Trustee... .202 20 4 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 210 250 60 00
Hickox.BF, Trustee 211 250 60 00
Hickox.BF, Trustee 212 250 50 00
Hickox, B F, Trustee 213 250 50 00
Mast, SE 214 50 10 00
McFadden, John 20 50 10 00
McFadden, John 21 60 10 00
McFadden. John 26 50 10 00
McNeil , Cecelia. . '. 11 10 2 00
Miller, Chas 176 500 100 00
Miller, Charles Mrs 182 500 100 00
Scott, MM 164 500 100 00
Scott, MM 155 500 100 00
Taylor, DW 106 100 20 00
Taylor, DW 122 60 10 00
Taylor, John 158 1,000 200 00
Tripp, 8 J Mrs 164 100 20 00
WilBon, Ella 148 60 10 00
Wilson, Sadie 147 58 10 00
Wilson, J K 149 260 50 00
Wilson, JK 150 "250 60 00
Wolff,8 151 500 100 00
Wolff.S 152 500 100 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 24th day of April. 1875,
so many shares of each parcel of said Btock as may be
necessary, will be sold at public auction at the office
of the Company, 408 California street, room 16, on the
11th day of May, 1875, at the hour of 2 o'clock, P. M., of
Baid day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of
sale. B. F. HICKOX, Sec'y.
Office, 408 California street, Boom 16, San Francisco,
California.
Virginia Consolidated M. Co.— Principal
place of business, San Franaisao, California. Location
of works, Kearsarge Mining District, Inyo connty. State
of California.
Notice ie hereby given, that ata meeting of the Board of
DirectoB, field on the 2lBt day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment of ten cents per share was levied upon the capital
iteck of the corponitinn. payuble immediately, in United
States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the com-
pany, in San Francisco. California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of June, 1S75, will be delinquent and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold nn Monday, the 28th day of
June, 1875, to pit v the' delinquent assessment, together
wiih oostB of advertising and expenses of sale.
T, B. WINGARD, Seoretary.
Office, No. 318 California street, (room No. 13) bar
Francisco, California,
310
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 8, 1875
Iron apd f/lachipe toofe
San Francisco Boiler Works,
123 and 126 Beale Street SAN FBANOISCO
I?': I. CUBBY,
Late Foreman of the Yulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILEB.
SHEET IRON WORK of every description done
at the BhorteBt Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING; promptly
attended to. 17v25-3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 80, 1868.
CAPITAL '. $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz ana Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stutiona.y), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure). AH kinds oi light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris,
Jesse Holladay, - 0. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE., .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIB R. MEAD Secretary
givIT-qy , t
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAHUIMCIOEBBB Off
STEAM EWGHNES,
Quartz* Floiir and. Saw Mills,
fit tyes' Improved Steam Pomp, Broille'a Im-
proved Crasher, Alining Pnmpi,
Amalffamatore, and all blnda
or BCachlnerr.
N. E. corner ef Tehama and Fremont atreota, above How.
street, ten Francisco. I-QT
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
BOOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MARDFAOTOREaa Of
STEAM ENGINES, BOTLEBS,
CKOBS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar' b Patent Self- Adjusting- Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kind* of Mining: Machinery.
Front Street, between N and O streets*
Sacramento Oitt.
SHEET IRON PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A3PHALTTJM
PIPE, of any size and lor any pressure, and contract te
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material. .
Standard sizeB of railroad Car-Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
<-7* All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
34v22-Sm JOSEPH MOORE. Superintendent.
Gt. W. Pbebcott.
I
W. E. Eos. art.
Marysville Foundry,
MAJtTSVILLE, OAJ».
PRESCOTT & EOEART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisting Machinery, Saw and Griet Milt Irons, House
Fronts Car Wheels, and Costings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Bpgmea constantly on band for sale. 9v28-ly
T. A. MoOoRMIOK. OSOAB LEWIS. J. MoOORMTCK
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON "WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Partiou-
fir attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
833 and 235 BEALE STREET,
Bet. Howard and Folaom Streets, SAN FRANCISCO-
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Eock Drill ComDany.
-MANUFACTURERS OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIE COMPRESSOKS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting:, Putnam Jla-
, chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Fumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PARKE «Sfc 3L.A.CY,
2iv28-sm-hd 310 California St., S. F.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Mining and Soientifi Press, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OP WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific PaESB, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER. CONDENSERS,
MADE OP IEON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Boientifio Phesb, November 15th, 1873.
For plaUB and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3ni F. PIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
Iba P. Rankin. Established 1850- -A. P. Beattos
Pacific Iron Works,
Ftbst Street, ... San Fhanoisco.
Geo. W. Fogsr, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DE30RIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBINO AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERT
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PRATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
GODDABD & CO., Props.
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,',
210 & 212 Beale St-
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MANLTFACTUREB8 OF
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
' Also manufacture and keep constantly on band a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ton (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Stbeet, San Fbanoisco,
EICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light GaBtingB of every description. House
FrontB.Hiningand General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial CaBkets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron KettleB in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. * 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
X*. 185 First itreet, opposite Minna.
BAN FRANCISCO.
All KHfDsofBraBs.Compositlon, Zinc, and BabbittMeta
Cantinga, Braes Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
NailB, Kudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bells and
flonRsof superior tone. All klndsof Cocka and Valves, Hy-
draulic PipoB and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, turnlshed with dispatch
tsr- PRICES MODERATE. -£*
j. a; wekd. v. ktnqwell.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILER, MAKERS
AND GEN KRAI. MACHINISTS,
Howard at., between Fremont and Beale, San Franoisoo
Occidental Foundry,
18? and 139 First Street,
Sam Franozboo
STEIGEB & SEES,
IKON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Holler Fan
and Callahan Crxate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAM FBANOISCO, OAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AHD —
Every Variety of Shafting? >
Embracing ALL SIZES of
Steamboat Shafts* Oranki. Piston and Con.
,„ ceding Bods, Oar and Locomotive Anion
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size, .
v&- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY. P. O. box .2032, San Franoisoo, OaL, will re-
ceive prompt attention.
r>5r The highest price paid for Sorap Iron.
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO..
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Heating's Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdbaulio Hoist fob Stomba,
And General Machinists. 26v28-8m
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
JEXJRJEKA. FOUNDRY,
12U and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard,
San Frsnclaco.
LIGHT ASfD HF.AVT CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 2*vl6crr
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE.
First Street, oward and Folsom, Son FranciBco.
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIEST STEEET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FTJBNACES, OOKDEN-
SEBS, &o.
Having much experience in the business of the Be*
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standingly, parties about to erect Eeductton Works aa to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
The Phelps' Manufacturing .Co.,
(Late 8. P. Sorew Bolt Works.
MANUFACTURERS OF AIL KINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Belts.
13, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, San Franoisoo. 4v241y
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the loweBt prices by
10v27tf .T. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.-
PARKE &■ LACY,
310 California street. "San Francisco
fcr«
ltd *
H r-3 H
> w s
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
"a proved Machii
ifan object to
Having the Latest Improved Maohinery, we oan make
it an *-'
Mining & Water Companies
OB
WATER VfORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Mads and all 'Work Guaranteed
130 Beale Street*
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G. &. HI. BA.KWETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Desoription
Nos. 89, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware Btores on th
Pacific Ooaet. . 18v25.1y
Bussoribebs who by miBtake get two copies of this
aper, should notify us without delay.
May 8, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
311
PACiPIC machine ry depot
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
P. 0. Box 168.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE PACIFIC
COAST FOR
J. A. Fay & Cos Wood-
working Machinery.
Blake's Patent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Cos Emery Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co's btun„v^t J.Iiuu„uulor MUiov
. . , in? Shavings and Sawdust
Machinists' ToOlS, from Machines.
San Francisco, Cal.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
bxhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
Over 7.500 in Successful Use in the Unite
States.
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co. Machinery Depot* San Francisco-
The California Planeb and Matches is got
ten up from new patterns specially for this
Coaat. It has Cast Steel Slotted Cylinder Head,
running In patent Belf oiling boxes; Matcher
Studies also of the best cast steel. The Gears
are all protected with iron covers. Will plane
M In. wide and G In. thick, and tongue and
iroove 14 In. wide. Will make rustic
gnd stick gutters, or heavy mouldings, etc., and
i the best Job Machine ever built
*^"We have always on hand a large assort-
ment of Planing Mill Machinery, all of the latest
Improvements, including Planers, Moulding,
Morticing and Tenoning Machines, Band and Jig
8»wd, i:c, ic Send for Catalogues and prices.
Iron "Working- Machinery.
Adjustable Saw Quaere
Foot Power
Improved Saw Arbors.
TREADWELL & CO.,
3v29-eowf-t
San Francisco. *~ ^j\g saws
JL
n
IV
n
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Improved Band
TIHIIE KHOX &c OSBOBN"
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
THIS FURNACE REDUCES OINNABAR, (ROOK OK PINE EARTH,) AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
,nd at LESS COST per ton than any other fnrnsce. It will wort continuously Twelve io Twenty-four
months without stopping. .
ITVO MAN HA.S EVER BEEN SALIVATED
Or otherwise affected by the meroury about the furnace, either in operating it or milking repairs. For ful
particulars, plans, e'c., apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
We refer any party desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining Companie*
where the furnace may be seen in successful operation;
The Manhattan Mine in Napa County.
The Kedington Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Phcenix Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Annie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Cloverdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The California Borax Company (Sulphur Banks J, Lake County.
The Abbott Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Oerro Bonito Mine, Fresno County.
KNOX & OSBORN.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAT 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San FaAMOisco, November 10th, 18T4. .
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our PittBburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to ih.tr works—
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of hteel and at the
same time produce Seokb and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing -that von will find them at leaBt 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Sbous and Diks made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
Bets of common iron, though called Bteel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like caBt iron. Our
Steel Sboes and Dies are In uee in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have' tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, inoreased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and In setting tappets, increased value of amalgam -
by absence of iron dust and drippings, and.a saving of
76 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
with ^dimensions, to
OAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Boom 1, Academy Building, S F
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANTJFAGTUREB8 OF
T ^t^ V* Tf ~F* I ' S*i
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN"
WATEK WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes ,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on I4EFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
flrySend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List -sent free
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE POMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL BTFG. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
312
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 8, 1875
per cent. Better than
Imported Mustard-
Ask Yoixi- Grocer for
9v5-aow-bp.
any
it.
«eE&
THE EXCELSIOR MINING PUMP.
WITH EIGHT TEAKS' USE OP THIS PUMP WE COKFIDENTLT
Recommend its use for Mining and Prospecting.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
This is a Sure Cure for Screw "Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep-
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred sheep,
so that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
This Dip 1b guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, giving
full directions for its use, also certificates of promii.ent
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective and reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseaseain Sheep. mrl3-bp
GE0-.M&BANT&G0.
PH1LU)ELPHU.
The Candles sold under the above well known
•brand" are made only of Pure Stearic Acid, twice
hydraulic pressed, are not cheapened by adulteration
with crude materia), and upon burning, give a large
and brilliant flame, without running. 13v9-2ambp
LANE & BODLEY,
John and Water 8tt., Cincinnati.
Manufacturers of
PORTABLE & STATIONARY STEAM
ENGINES,
From two to two hundred Horse Power. Send for
Illustrated catalogue*
BRITTAN, HOLBROOK & .CO.,
General Agents, 111 and 113 California St.,
Send for Circular.
8AN FRANOIBOO, (And alEO Sacramento.)
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE
Ames' Genuine Chester Emery
<*>
Has been reduced from seven cents to six
cents per pound for grains in kegs, flour
and flue flour remaining at four cents per
pound, as heretofore. Important discounts
to the trade. Send for circulars.
E. "V. HATJGH'WOTJT & CO.,
26 Beekman Street, New York.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to nil orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Oon-
... 8tock ofManifa Ropei aU Bizea.
Hay Rope; Wuale Line, etc., etc.
AND MILL CO.
30, 32 & 34 Spear St.
M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors.
Manufacturers of
WATER TANKS. SHIP
TANKS, MINING
WOBK,
WINE. BEER AND LIQUOR
CASKS, TANKS, ETC.
Cooperage and Tanks, Steamed
and Dried Before or After
Manufacture at Reason-
able Rates.
Sawing1, Planing-, eto.
at Short Notice. eowbp
'gEMi-pofVTABLE!.
Q
O
The highest arid only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
BOOKS.
The Latest and Most Standard Works on
ENGINEERING,
MECHANICS AND MACHINERY,
STEAM ENGINE.
CARPENTRY, MASONRY,
ARCHITECTURE,
ASSAYING,
MINERALOGY,
MINING,
AGRICULTURE,
IRRIGATION and
HYDRAULICS,
FOR BALE BY
A. L. BANCROFT & CO.,
721 MARKET STREET, S. F.
Catalogues Supplied Free.
BAIRD'S
N. W. SPATJIiDINQ,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
Office of Drain Pipe Works,
S. "W. Corner Sac
raxnento and
{Montgom-
ery Sts.t
S. F.
DRAINS
CONSTBTJCTED
In any part of the
State, and
Work "Warranted
atantly on hand a large stock of M
Tarred Manila Rope "
TTJBBS & CO.,
fill and 613 Front street. San Kraneisi
Every Mechanic
Should have a copy of Brown's
507 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS,
f" Illustrated and described.
Inventors, model makers and ameature mechanics
and students, will find the work valuable far beyond
its coat. Published by Dewet & Co., Patent Agents
and publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press,
Price, post paid, $l.
MANTJFACTUItEB OF
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to he the most do able and economi
oal Saws in the Woud.
Eaoh Saw is Warranted in every respect
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTIUK
At the lowest Market Prices.
E.
T. MENOMY
Proprietor.
bp-eow-1 yr
w.
T. GAEBATT.
CITY
<8fi to <tr9A Per Da? at home. Terms free. Ad.
«PW ~ tp*V dress a. Stinson & Oo„ Portland, M./
CITY Jk
Brass and Bell Founder, &
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MA_NTTFAOTTJILEJiS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
C A8TING8,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TATEEM AND LAND BELLS, GOXttfi,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, mode and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam WhiBtles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Jointe of all sizes.
Particular attention j>aid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garrett's Patent Djaproved Journal Metal."
W Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
FOR PRACTICAL MEN.
Our new and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS— 96 pages, 8vo.— sent free to any
one who will furnish his addrese.
HENRY CARET BAIRD & CO.,
Industrial Publishers and Booksellers,
lfip 406 Walnut street, Philadelphia,
Epilepsy or Fits.
A sure cure for this distressing cotiplaint is now
made known in a treatise (of 18 octavo pages) on For-
eign and Native Herbal Preparations, published by Dr.
O.Phelps Brown. The prescription was discovered by
him in Buch a providential manner that he cannot con-
scientiously refuse to make it known, as it has cured
everybody who has used it for fits, never having failed
in a single case. The Ingredients may be obtained
from any druggist. A copy sent free to all applicants
by mail. Address, Dr. O. PHELPS BROWN, 21 Grand
street, Jersey City, N. J,
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOB SALE OB LEASE!
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
County, 260 acres in extent. For full particulars,
J. L. COAN,
Or call at 412 Market street.
533 Third street,
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND-POINTED DRILLS, now brought to ths
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony famished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full inferma-
tlon given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE k CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
msfi-tr
b
IV l*KWt:\ At CO.
1*U tout HolU'lttll'M.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY. MAY 15, 1875.
VOLUME JCJtX
dumber 30.
An Improved Dry Ore Concentrator.
John Vincent, Sr.,of this city, has recently
patented, through the agency connected with
this office, an improved machine for concen-
trating and separating the heavy particles of
diy pulverized ore from the light and worthless
portion. The machine consists of a number
of peculiarly constructed plates or concentrat-
ing trays, placed one above the other in a
closed box. The box is mounted on journals
inside a frame, and the frame is provided with
appliances for handling the box aud giving it
the oonoentrating sieve motion and concussion.
The accompanying engraving is a perspec-
tive view of the machine from one corner. A
is a strong box which is mounted on journals,
b, between the two aides, C C, of a^frame. The
journals, b, bear in hangers, D, which are sus-
pended from the middle of each side of the
frame, so that the box can swing in the
frame, and be tilted so as to bring either end
uppermost. Inside the box are placed the con-
centrating trays, e e e, one above the other,
one inch opart. Each tray consists of a
plate of metal, or other suitable material, hav-
ing parallel rows of depressions or cavities,/1,
made in it transversely across the plate. These
depressions or pockets are separated by a metal
strip, o, Which is so secured to the. plate that
one edge will project considerably above the
level of the plate, while the opposite edge is
fastened closely to it, thus providing an inclined
division plate between the rows. The depres-
sions or pockets, /, serve to receive and retain
the heavy particles, which are settled by the
motion and concussion given to the box, and
the projecting edge of the separating plate pre-
vents the particles from moving in one direc-
tion, while it does not prevent them from
moving in the opposite direction. The ends
of the box, A, are {closed1 by doors, E. The
hinged end. H, has side boards, which are
made in the shape of a quadrant, so that they
can move in a narrow slot or space at each
side of the box when opening or closing the
ends. Both of the upper corners of the sides,
C C, of the frame < re connected by strong shafts,
K. The shaft, K, wi<h the lever, has a fixed
arm, I, extending downward near each end,
and the lower ends of these arms are attached
to the opposite ends of a rod, m, which ex-
tends ao oss and is secured to the end of the
box toy detachable fastenings as shown.
By securing a lever, ?i, to the middle of this
shaft, the box can be swung a back and forth
motion. A stop bar, p. is secured near the
hangers, J), against which the haugers strike
when the box moves forward, so as to produce
a concussion for settling the heavy particles of
ore by gravity. This need not be used if a con-
; onssion is not desired.
: In operating the machine the rod, m, is de-
I tached from the box, A, which is then turned
by means of the shaft, K, and rope or chain,
Q, used in the manner of a windlass, so that it
will stand on one end inside the frame. The
hinged end of the door at the upper end of the
I box is then opened, aud the pulverized ore is
1 shoveled into the box until it has been fully
charged. The door is then closed, and the box
is moved back to its horizontal position by
I means of the windlass. In this case the hook
on the end of the rope, Q, is attached to a ring
on the lower end of the box, and the roller
I turned until the box is in the proper position.
I The rod, m, is then again secured to the end of
the box, and the lever, n, applied to the shaft
so as to form a handle for operating the box.
This operation causes the heavy pat tides of
ore to set' le through the light portions into the
depressions in the trays. The direction of the
concussion is such that the heavy particles
will be prevented from moving over the trays
by the projecting edges of the strips, g, so that
when they will settle ihto the cavities they will
remain there.
After the agitation has been continued long
enough to thoroughly concentrate the ore, the
box is tilted one Way to discharge the light or
waste portions from the lower end of the ma-
chine, and by tilting it the other way the valua-
ble contents can be discharged from the other
end. A double concussion can be given to the
ore, if desirid, by using double stops or
knockers for the pendent arms, D, to strike
against. For thU purpose a pivoted bar, X.
similar to a pawl, is secured to the irnme op-
posite the stop bar, p, as shown. This bar
can be used or not as desired. A horizontal
plate, y, is secured to each of the hangers, D,
and extends along the box, A, and through the
oorner part of the frame. The plate has two
or more holes in its end, into which a hook, z,
on the corner part, can be plaoed, so as to hold
Improved Cork-Soled Boots.
The accompanying illustration represents a
novel p'liu for making boots and shoes with
cork soles. A very thick but very light sole is
provided, which effectually keeps out the cold
and wet of winter, and in summer shields the
foot from the excessive heat of the sun-baked
pavements. The device is as easily repaired
as the common sole, and its use in bad or
BROOKS' CORK-SOLED BOOTS.
the box in a horizontal position when required.
Although the machine is especially intended
for concentrating dry pulverized ore, it can also
be used for concentrating wet ore by snbmerg-
ine the machine after it is charged, in a tank of
still water, and giving it the motion described.
This would of cou rse greatly favor the concen.
Vincent's Dry Ore Concentrator. '
trahon, as the water would keep the particles
loosened up and allow the heavy particles to
.settle mote readily. It will be seen from this
that the machine is adapted to localities
where water is scarce, aud may be used for
working tailings. It can be run either by hand
or steam power. The inventor can be addressed
care of this journal.
Almost the entire business portion of Eber-
hardt, White Pine district, Nev., was de-
stroyed by fire on the 12th inet.
rainy weather would obviate the wearing of
overshoes, to most persons a disagreeable
necessity.
In Fig. 1 a view of the finished boot is
given, from which it will be seen that there is
no detraction from the neat appearance of the
covering. In Fig. 2 a sectional view of the
sole 'shows the mode of attachment of the
various portions of the same. The upper, A,
is attached to the inner insole, B, by a seam.
0 is the cork, which is made in two layers,
superposed, this construction preventing damp-
ness passing through, however thin the mate-
rial itself may be. Around the edges of the
cork is placed a band of sole leather, D, cov-
ered with fine calfskin, E. This cover and the
upper edge of the band are sqwn in with the
upper to the inner insole. By a second seam
the upper, the lower edge of band, D, the
cover, E, and the welt, F, are attached to the
middle sole, G. The upper is taken up in both
seams, giving great strength and firmness to
the sole. The outer or main sole is secured to
the welt by a third seam in the ordinary man-
ner. The inventor, Mr. E. A. Brooks, 1196
Broadway, N. Y., may be addressed for farther
particulars as to shop, State, or county rights.
Pbopes3ob R. E. Rogers, of the University
of Pennsylvania, has left Philadelphia lately
for San Francisco, to superintend the construc-
tion of an extensive bullion refinery in the low
mint. It is expected that the new refinery will
be completed and in readiness for operation in
about ninety ,days.
A toll road company has been organized to
build a toll road from Battle Mountain, Nev.,
to Silver City, Idaho, by way of Cornucopia
and South Mountain. "Work has been com-
menced. The road will be 183 miles long.
The graders are at work on the fourth mile of
the Los Angeles and Independence railroad,
between Santa Monica and Los Angeles.
Steam hoisting machinery has been ordered
for the new shaft of the Europa mine, on the
Comstock .
Air Sollars.
In ventilating mines a natural current of air
may often be produced in a long level by
means of an "air sollar." To form an air sol-
lar the floor of ttie level carrying the tram road
is laid about six iuches above the actual bottom
of the level, and is supported by cross sleep-
ers, resting upon blocks of wood or stones.
A simpler method still, when in soft ground, i s
to cut the center of the level somewhat deeper
than the sides. Planks are then laid over the
sleepers mentioned to form a kind of deck, the
whole being rendered air-tight by plastering
with mud. This will divide the tunnel into
two very unequal portions. Through the
lower division or air sollar a current of cool,
and therefore heavy air, will pass into the end,
and this will be further cooled if there be water
issuing from the lode at any points. The air
heated by the breathing of the men, burning of
candles, etc., will paBB out through the level
itself, and so a constant current will be kept
up. The level should be as truly level, or
"dead" as possible, for several reasons, two of
which may be here mentioned: First, if there
be wa er flowing out through the level, and the
fall be considerable, the rapidity of the current
of water will, to some extent, check the in-go-
ing current of air. Second, if the level rise
rapidly the floor at the upper end will soon be
at a higher^aotual level than the baok of the
entrance, when the heated air will actually
have to descend in order to make its escape,
although the natural tendency of heated air is
always to ascend.
A level oan, of course, be ventilated the
same as shafts sometimes are, by having a pipe
run to the baok end from the mouth. The
opening1 of the pipe at the tunnel mouth is
enlarged, and a current of fresh air is forced
into the tunnel. This mode of ventilation,
however, oan only be adopted when there is
wind; but it is in time ol calm that under-
ground ventilation is most wanted. To meet
this difficulty a small fan, worked by hand,
water or steam, is arranged to force pure air
in, or, still better, to draw the impure air out.
In many cases a jet of high pressure steam
from a boiler may be discharged into the outer
end of the pipe, when an outer current will be
at once set up.
Work at the Foundries.
The San Francisco Boiler "Works will remove
about the first of June from its old location on
Beale street to the northwest corner of Harri-
son and Main streets, Mr. Curry informs us
that he is now working 357 men, and working
about twenty-three hours out of twenty-four.
They have in course of construction a large
amount of hydraulic pipe; one lot for the
Auburn H. G. M. Co., is about completed.
They have just completed eleven miles of
iron water pipe, twenty-four and forty-eight
inches, for, the Contra Costa water company.
At the Miner's foundry and machine shop
orders are being filled for Mexioo, Chili aud
Peru, as well as Pacific coast orders. This
foundry is now turning out all the work for the
Diamond Drill company.
The Hope iron works, over on the Potrero,
are not yet in running orde r. The buildings
are, however, all completed, and some of the
maohinery is in. Considerable of the ma-
chinery needed here was ordered from the
East, by Mr. Hanscom, and it has not all
arrived as yet. Everything in these works
will be bran new, and of the beBt patterns
obtainable. "We hope before long to see Mr.
Hanscom carry out his own ideas on a fast
steam launch, both as to model and ma-
chinery.
The Grading at the Prospect mine, on the
Comstock, for the foundation for the new hoist-
ing works building, and tbe new and powerful
steam hoisting machinery, about being erected,,
is being driven ahead with all the vigor possible.
The main hoisting workB building will be 40x
120 feet in size, with carpenter and blacksmith
shops immediately adjoining on either side of
the main building.
314
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 15, 1875
CORRESPONDENCE.
Geological Formations — Quartzite.
Editobs Pbesb: — With the advancement of
geological research, which may now, in spite
of its many shortcomings, he classed as a
science, mineralogists as well as practical
miners are leaning upon its conclusions as an
index to their fields of operation. Conse-
quently, the inquiry is almost universal with
the latter olasses, when a new mining locality
is announced— what is its geological formation?
In most instances the answer may be readily
given by a mere novice in geology. Not so,
however, in all. As, in regard to a knotty legal
problem, it is often remarked that "it would
puzzle a Philadelphia lawyer," on the assump-
tion, probably, that they have reached the ne
plus ultra of legal acumen; so with the geolog-
ical problems of some localities, and especially
in regard to this mining district, he may well
say that it would puzzle the most astute geolo-
gist to give a very satisfactory elucidation.
The portion of the district containing the
mineral belt is called quartzite. There are a
few granite dykes, so called, although from the
entire absence of mica in them, except in one
instance that I have seen, they are more prob-
ably syenite. A few small trap-dykes, a few
inches in thickness, and an oocasional cropping
of silicious limestone, or, as some writers call
that kind of rock, "oalcareoUs quartz," make
up the formation. The silicious limestone
also appears in the form of dykes. Now the
query arises, what is quartzite? Of course it
is composed almost entirely of silica,- and Dana
defines it to be a granular quartz. But this
quartzite is not granular, except in a few
places; it has more of a vitrious structure.
Some pronounce this to be a metamorphio
structure. But metamorphosis would not
obliterate its seams of stratification and cleav-
age, and the evidence in other respects is very
slrght on which to base such a conclusion.
In some localities in California and Nevada
there are dikes perfectly identical with our
quartzite, from a few inches to twenty feet in
thickness, but I have not been able to learn of
any general formation of miles in extent made
up almost entirely of this species of rock.
Again, in all other localities quartzite, so far
as my observation or information extends, is
non-metalliferous. The reverse is true here in
an eminent degree, as I will show quite fully
in future- communications. Yet, although ar-
genti'erous galena ores existhere in such vast
stores as to astonish miners from other points,
it must be confessed thafthe mining interests
are not prosperous. The reason I alluded to in
a former communication, and affords a striking
exemplification of what ill success men will
meet with when they take hold at the wrong
end of things, or "put the cart before the
horse." Instead of procuring their coke for
smelting from a distance of twelve to fifteen
hundred miles, at a cost of $35 per ton, it
could and should be procured almost at our
own doors, say from a distance not to exceed
seventy-five or eighty miles, and an article
equally as good. A concert of action to that
end by those most interested, or by private
individual investment, which would be highly
remunerative, would work an astonishing and
rapid change in the prosperity of this inter-
oceanic region. William Teal.
Bingham, U. T., May 1.
Timbee fob the Cehtehnial. — In a letter
from Whitefield, Oregon, published a few days
since, mention was made of a gigantic mast-
stick cut at Puget's sound, by Mr. Brown, a
New Englander, who is engaged in the lumber-
ing business in that locality. It was stated that
the stick was a foot through at the upper end.
The dimensions should have been stated as fol-
lows: 120 feet in length and 42 inches through
at the top. Trees grow to an enormous size
there as in California. A Mr. William Squires
of Nostocton, Oregon, writes to theOentennial
Commissioner for Oregon that he will furnish
at Tillamook bay, a fir plank, twelve feet wide
and one hundred feet long; a spruce plank
eight feet wide; cedar, seven f set; larch, seven
feet; Hemlock, five feet. He says he can get
much larger ones if transportation could be fur-
nished, and t au also supply hard wotid planks
of like proportion, including shittim wood, of
which Noah built his ark.
The Black Hills scientific expedition, now
being organized at Cheyenne, under orders
from the Interior Bepartment, fot the'purpose
of establishing the boundaries of Northern
Wyoming and ascertaining the mineral re-
sources of the Black Hills, will not be able to
start before the end of the present month,
owing to the cold weather. The party consists
of Professor Walter J. Jenny, geologist in
charge, formerly of the Texas Pacific railroad
survey; Henry Newton, assistant geologist, of
the Ohio survey; Captain H. P. Tuttle, astron-
omer, of the Cambridge observatory; F. P.
Gilliouddy, telegrapher of the Northern bound-
ary ;D. Newberry, and a corps of surveyors.
The delegation of Indians from the Blaok Hills
country en route to Washington, in charge ofj
Agent Saville, will start about the 10th inst.
On the Assay of Sugar.
[Written for the Pbess by Henkt G. Hanks.]
The determination of sugar by chemical
means is attended With difficulties which ren-
der the results more orlessinaocurata, accord-
ing to the skill of the chemist.
Several methods have been proposed— all
more or less objectionable — but the one based
on the reaction of grape sugar on sulphate of
copper is generally preferred.
The weak point of all ohemical determina-
tions of sugar is that only the practical manip-
ulation of a skillful chemist ensures their cor-
rectness, and the above mentioned method is
not an exception.
I have never seen this process explained in
such a manner as to be easily understood by
the unscientific reader, and this paper is an
attempt to supply the deficiency.
The assay is based on the well established
fact that one equivalent of grape sugar reduces
exactly ten equivalents of oxide of oopper to
the sub-oxide.
One equivalent of grape sugar has the fol-
lowing composition:
12 Equivalents of Carbon (C12) = 72
12 Equivalents of Hydrogen. . (flu) — 12
12 Equivalents of Oxygen (O12) = 96
180
Let this sum be represented by (A) (A = 180.)
One equivalent of oxide of copper consists of
1 Equivalent of Copper (Cu) 31.7
1 Equivalent of Oxygen (O) 8.
39.7
Let (B) represent 10 equivalents of oxide of
copper (B = 397.)
One equivalent of sulphate of copper contains
Oxide of Copper(CuO) 39.7
Sulphuric Acid (SO3 ) : . .40.0
Water (5HO) 45.
124.7
[124.7 = (C).]
By the above it is shown that the oxide of
copper in one equivalent of sulphate of oop-
per = 39.7 = (D)
Formula.
It is required to make a solution of sulphate
of copper in which the oxide of copper in a
litre shall equal five grammes of grape sugar.
The amount of sulphate required is found by
the two following equations:
1st. The oxide required, found thus:
B + 6
A : B : : 5 : X. ( X = ' ) = 11.03.
A
2d . The amount of sulphate of copper con-
taining this amount of the oxide, found thus :
C + 11.03
D : C : : 11.03 : X (X = ) = 34.64
D
Preparation of the Standard Copper Solution.
(E) 34.64 grammes of pure and dry crystallized
sulphate of copper, previously pulverized and
pressed between folds of blotting paper, is care-
fully weighed and dissolved in 200 CO. * dis-
tilled water.
In another vessel 173 grammes of double tar-
trate of soda and potash, (Bochelle salt) is dis-
solved in 480 C.C. of a solution of pure caustic
soda of specific gravity = 1.14. The two
are then mixed and the deep blue solu-
tion diluted to the volume of one litre and
filtered. This solution will keep for some time
if the precaution is observed to preserve itin
full bottles and in a dark place.
When in the proper condition it can be boiled
without decomposition. It is therefore neces-
sary, if it has stood for some time, to test its
condition by boiling. If a precipitate falls it
is worthless. This solution is decomposed by
boiling with grape sugar, but is not acted on
by cane sugar.
1 Equivalent Cane Sugar =
C12 = 72
Hu = U
On = 88 = 171
It may be here stated that 100 parts of grape
sugar equal 95 of cane sugar.
As it has been shown that -the sulphate of
copper in one litre of this solution is equiva-
lent to 5 grammes of grape sugar, it is evident
that each 100 CO is equal to .5 grammes of
grape sugar, or .475 grammes of 'cane, sugar.
(.5 -1- .95 = .475). Cane sugar can be con-
verted into grape sugar by boiling its solution
with dilute acid. As the optical properties of
the sugar are changed by this operation the cane
sugar is said to be inverted.
To prove the strength -and- purity of the stan-
dard copper solution, dissolve .475 grammes
of the whitest and best loaf sugar, perfectly dry
and clean, in a little distilled water iu a clean
porcelain dish. Boil with 30 bt'40 drops of dilute
sulphurio acid,_(l part strong acid to 5 parts
water,) for half au hour, replacing the evapo-
rated water from time to time, keeping the vol-
ume the same. This solution, diluted to 100
C.C, should exactly decompose and discharge
the color from 100 C.C. of the copper solution.
Before diluting the sugar solution, the acid
should be carofully neutralized with carbonate
of soda.
The- sugar to be assayed should be diluted
with, water, so that* it contains not over one
fpef'cent. of sogar. If it'is of a dark oolor.'the
solution must be heated to boiling, a few drops
of milk, of lime added, filtered through animal
charcoal, washed and diluted to a measured
volume.
Example.
(F) Ten grammes of sugar to be assayed is
dissolved in 300 C.C. distilled water, boiled in a
clean porcelain dish for half an hour with It)
CO., of dilute sulphuric acid with precautions
given above, the acid neutralized with carbonate
of soda, milk of lime added if necessary, thew hole
thrown on a filter in which some animal char-
coal has been placed; when the solution has
nearly all run through the filter, it is washed with
distilled waterf until every traoe of sugar is
removed; the washings now containing all the
sugar are made up to the volume of one litre
and thoroughly mixed. Each 100 C.C. of this
solution contains one gramme of the sugar.
50 C.C. of the copper solution (E) is placed in a
clean porcelain dish, 200 C.C. of water added,
and the whole brought up to gentle boiling.
The dilute sugar solution (F) is then added
from a graduated burette, until the precipita-
ted oxide of copper has a vermilion red color;
the lamp or burner is then removed and the
preoipitate allowed to settle. The dish must
then be held in a good light near a window,
and gently tilted to one side so as to allow the
dear liquid to flow over the white porcelain
notfcovered with the precipitate. If any blue
color remains, more sugar solution must be ad-
ded while boiling. When the color is wholly dis-
charged the operation is ended, and it is only
necessary to note the quantity of liquid used
as indicated bythe graduation on the burette,
and to make the calculation.
It should not be expected that the first trial
will be correct, but it will be a guide to the seo-
ond or third, which can be made perfectly so.
Suppose the first test required 43 CO. of
sugar solution; in making the second 40 CO.
may be safely run in at once, and the last few
C.C carefully added drop by drop.
The sugar necessary to discharge the color
from 50 CO of the copper solution contains .25
grammes of grape sugar, (it having been shown
that 100 CO. is equivalent to .5 grammes).
The calculation may be understood by the
following example:
42 C.C. of sugar solution (F) discharged
the color from 50 C.C. of copper solution (E).
84 0 .0. would, of course, do the same for 100
C.C of copper solution. .84 or 84 C.C. of
the sugar solution therefore contains .5 of grape
sugar. .01, or 1 C.C would contain .00595
(.5 -4- 84 = .00595).
One gramme of the sugar, or 100 C.C, would
then evidently contain .505 grammes of grape
sugar, and 100 grammes, 59.5, which is 59.5
per cent. This amount multiplied by .95
would equal 56.52 per cent, of cane sugar.
Sometimes sugar contains both cane and
grape sugar, mechanically mixed. In this case
the grape sugar .already present must first be
estimated and the amount found be deducted
fromthe total grape sugar, after inverting by
acid.
Suppose a case, a solution of sugar is made
as described in (F), a portion is boiled with
copper solution before treating with acid.
Grape sugar is present if any red oxide of cop-
per falls. Two solutions must in such cases
be made exaotly alike; except that one is
boiled with acid and the other is not. We
will call these solutions "No. 1, boiled with
acid." "No. 2, not*-boiled with acid."
The titration is the same in both cases. As
No. 2 will not generally contain so large an
amount of grape sugar as No. 1, it will require
a greater volume of solution to discharge the
color from 50 C.C. of the copper solution.
Example.
No. 2 required 324 G.O. to discharge color
from 50 C.C. copper solution; 324 C.C. there-
fore contains .25 grammes grape sugar; 100
C.C (containing 1 gramme of sugar), contains
25 -^ 3.24 = .077 = 7.7 per cent.
Let No. 1 result as in the first example. The
result would then stand as follows:
Total Grape Sugar 59.5 per cent.
GrSpe Bugar in No^ 2 7.7 per cent
(Jrape Sugar resulting from
Cane Sugar, invested by
-.' ifjid in No 1 51.8peroent.
£l.8+. 95 = Cane Sugar. 49.21 per cent.
Oaue Sugar = 49.21 per cent.
Grape do = 7.70 per cent.
Total Sugar 56.91 per cent.
*C.O. means Cubic Centimeters, or thousandths of
litre, Fiench measure.
E(
Cape Cod Ship Canal. — The old project of
making a ship canal across Cape Cod is under
vigorous discussion at Boston, the Legislature
"having recently granted an extension of time
to the company, in which to complete the work.
The company has a nominal capital of $1,000,-
000. They want to begin operations within a
year, and if tbey do the contract for construct-
ing the canal will be-given to European par-
ties. The entire cost would be nearly $3,000,-
000. The valley through which the canal is to
pass is north of the town of Sandwich, and ex-
tends from shore to shore about 7% miles, and
in a direct line from the waters of Buzzard's
Bay to those of Barnstable Bay, about 6%
miles, the general direction of the course being
northeast and southwest. The canal is intend-
ed for tow boats and barges, but would also be
of sufficient capacity for all vessels now en-
gaged in the coasting trade around the Cape.
It is claimed that the oanal^worrid reduce the
distance by the Vineyard Sound route nearly
eighty miles, and fully 140 miles by the outside
route around "Fishing Kip."
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Sierra County Mines.
A correspondent of the - Mountain Messenger
says: After twenty-five years of gravel mining
in this vicinity, in ravines, bars and benches
that have been as rich as any place in the (111!
known gold regions of the world, it is no won- *
der that the chief reasons that have made this
place prosperous should in that length of time
be exhausted, and dullness be a general com-
plaint. Miners and business men must look
to some other source for a revival of that pros- 0*
perity that all are so anxious to see realized.
After setting aside the gravel claims on the
mountains, where untold wealth has never
been disturbed, and which requires a large
amount of capital to develop, we must look to
another and more permanent source to bring
back those good old times that the pioneers de-
light to dwell upon. And there is quartz min-
ing, the source from whence all the alluvial
gold has come. The number of ledges that
gold is known to exist in, in and around here,
have richly fed the gravel claims. ' The ledges
that are now lying idle from various causes
have, very few of them, had any thorough sys-
tematic work done on them, or labor applied to
bring out the hidden, rioh deposits they must
contain.
The one great drawback has been the old
district mining laws that allow a person a hold
on a claim for years, and willing prospeotors
we're debarred from trying to develop any
ledge that was known to contain gold, the
owners, like the dog in the manger, would
neither work their claims nor allow others to do
so. Again, sometimes the owners have aaked
impossible prices, where little work has been
done, and by that means deterred capitalists
from taking hold of them; consequently they
are no benefit to any one.
Another drawback has been San Francisco , gffli
adventurers that have come here with a Blight 1 fp
acquaintance with perhaps some men of capi- f '..-:
tal, trying to get the ledges for a mere trifle, ( jl;[
and misrepresenting them below, and turning , * ty
anything into etook, they retaining the greater ( m
part, and by false and wild reports they make , |t |
money for a time, but in the end supplies are | ^
stopped, and prospecting is discontinued. My l,.
opinion is that when a poor man has discovered \ ,Ba
a ledge, and the rock is to be crushed by ma- j t%
ohinery, and he has a chance to sell at a fair , ?i:
price, the best he can do is to let it slide, and I r^,
use the money to find a better ledge. By this - #(
means we induce capital to come in, and the \ \at
capitalists once successful, you will see men * jt
testing quarlz on every mountain and hill-side, «
and in my belief not all in yain. One great I >u
want is a custom mill, one that will save the .: ,
gold, with all the latest appliances. When the 1 i
miner knew that his rock had a fair test and he • t:l
could take one ton or fifty and have it crushed, 1 1^
and by that means make a living while he was 1 ].
prospecting, I fully believe that Downieville 1 (j«-
would See again, not the wild, extravagant : -,
days, but a prosperity and contentment that | m,:
would be far more pleasant in a social view, , v:i
and the rising generation, instead of emigrating, . *;';
make a home in the place of their birth. | .,'•;
1 Si
li:
Jl 111!
A correspondent, writing from New Orleans, ,' %
Louisiana, says: Fireless locomotives are in Irl'
constant and^successfnt operation on a city and ! *'■
suburban railway in New Orleans, namely, the ,i'1
New Orleans and Carrollton railway. Under the *"
able management of Gen. G. T. Beauregard, ' ^ '
who is a skillful engineer, and yet who iB alive ' s,Ti
to, and keeps pace with, the improvements of ' *'■
the age. This success has been achieved, too, ""•
under the most adverse and unpromising oir- '"'
cumstances. The road, under other running i ^
arrangements, had become nearly valueless, its -Wit
stock having gone down to seven cents; but it 1 ' '
is now a paying and valuable road. ^
The road is about six miles in! length. From m"
the center to the outskirts of the city it Is run «*
by mule power; there the mule is taken from *w
the car and the little fireless locomotive is at- -'
tached, which is accomplished in less time
than would be occupied in attaching another "f
mule. The train is then off like a rocket, the J1'!
driver still on the platform of the car, working 1 Ps
the engine, managing the brakes, and making "K
change as usual; there is no other person on
the train to attend to theBe duties. The car is ' Bu
started and stopped quioker than when drawn
by the mule.
The locomotive is simply a cylinder of boiler Hfo,
iron, perhaps three feet in diameter and ten
feet long, mounted on four wheels and partly +a:
filled with water. The engine (a double ver- tjR,
tical) is attached to the end of the cylinder m
next to the car, being within reach of the »>„
driver. The cylinder is theri filled with steam
at a proper pressure*, from a stationary boiler 1 snm
at Carrollton, when the locomotive is ready, ;;.
and it will run to- the city and back without f itfe
care or expense. There is no fire, no ashes, ! ^
no pump, no danger, and less noise than from 41 |U
the hoofs of horses. The expense of this |g
means of propulsion is less than by mules. 1,^
The cost of the locomotives is $1,250 each,
which includes the builder's profit. — Ex.
A vein of graphite was reoently discovered
near Greggsville, in Gold run district, The
mineral is said to contain ninety-seven per
cent, carbon, and is probably the finest quality
of plumbago found in the United States. The
vein is about six feet wide and as well defined
as ore quartz leads generally.
About 5,000 workmen belong to the Virginia
and Gold Hill miners' union.
Fireless Locomotives.
Way 15, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
315
ECHANICAL
Progress
3r
jparatus for the Fusion of Platinum.
We have already made mention of the con*
ruction by fusion, at the Conservatory of
:1a, at Paris, of the international standard
eaauree, in which opera'ion the largest iuikh
plate-ware was employed which was ever
sited at one time. The furnace was eon-
rucitd on a principle already before used by
H. .Deville and Debroy, but which, in this io-
ince, greatly exceeded the dimension* of any
0 previously employed for such a purpose.
le experiment, as already reported, succeeded
yond expectations, and demonstrated the
saibility of liqnificatiou by beat of unusually
ge masses of platinum— the limit to which
a not, of coarse, as yet been reaohed. This
periment wid, no doubt, have an important
wring in the future progress of art and soi-
The ingot of platinum which was taken from
interior of the apparatus hula volume of
litres, its length being 1.15 metres, Us
aJth 0.17 metres, and its thickness. 0.08
^rres. The value of the mass of metal is
imated at $50,000. Following is a descrtp-
of the furnace, as recently given by
hire:
The furnace of the conservatory is 1.4
tres in length; it is formed of the stone of
nt-Waast, the substance of which is a
ge-eraiued limestone, containing about five
cent, of silica. When it is necessary to
It a small quantity of platinum ia the labor-
ry, by the aid of ihe oxy-hydrogen blow-
, a crucible of unslaked lime ia used, as it
its the action of the highest temperature
i cable.
?bis. substance, however, does not admit of
construction of a crucible of large size.
I. Deville and Tresca have had recourse to
efitone and carbonate of lime.
Juder the action of heat the surface of the
eible ia decomposed, the carbonic acid is
id and leaves tbe lime with which it win
ted. With ordinary limestone this escape
gas causes great inconvenience, as the
>bles of gas pass through the bath of molten
;al and form irregularities on its surface;
ides, the ingot after cooling firmly adheres
lime with which it is in contact. It
necessary to find a stone of special qual-
That of Baiut-Waast, beiug porous and
ly pulverized, gives the very beat results.
en platinum is melted in tbe cavity cut in
stone the carbonic acid only escapes along
borders of the liquid mass without passing
)ugh it ; the decomposition of tbe limestone
;s pl-ice to the depth of about '02 metre, so
the metal r ally restfl 00 a bed of lime of
,e 11 considerable depth.
ttwoerdsof the furnace are two cylin-
,d opening*, through which the barB pf pla-
ririium to he fused were successively intro-
ed. When the seven blow-pipes, repre-
ed nn the upper part of the cover, through
ch they pasB, were lighted, the platinum
)d with great rapidity. Small openings
a a view of tbe interior and the melting
il. It waB of a dazzling silver-white, as
as mercury, and formed a reflecting sur-
like that of a mirror. By the lateral
nings the large, intensely luminous flames
Id be seen bursting forth. The temper-
e was in the neighborhood of 2300°O.,
oh ib a little above the melting point of
inum.
he seven blowpipes were connected by rub*
tubes with reservoirs of illuminating gas
oxygen. These tubes are attached to
ts and nnited by a sphere of"copper.
he consumption of oxygen in tbe experi-
t of May 13th was nearly 120 litres per
gramme of platinum; in the former opera -
a volume of 150 litres was required. The
Its recently obtained are in favor of the
py arrangement of the beautiful apparatus
he Conservatory of Arts and Measures.
Iagnbtization op Steel. — The magnetic
ta are limited to a certain thickness, which
can never exceed. This limit varies in
erent steels. It is very great in those which
soft, and diminishes as the proportion of
ion augments and as the temper is harder,
certain bars which the author has studied
0m. 4; but he has specimens where it is
1-10 m.m. The latter only receive what
ht be called1 a superficial magnetic coating,
vtt thickness of which it is not possible to aug-
nttby increasing the intensity of the current.
flit the depth of the magnetization dimin-
If s along with the magnetic conductibility, the
ill nsity of the magnetism inoreases. It fol-
kfii that the quantity of magnetism is subject
toivo causes of inverse variation — the depth
fish increases, and the intensity which tea-
Mi, as the conductivity increases.— M. J.
Interesting Incident in the History of
Nail Manufacture.
The difficulties which the early workers in
iron were so often called to encounter is forci-
bly illustrated in the following incident con-
nected with the history of the old splitting mills
t-o common in early days of rolling mills,
given iu Scrivenor's "History of the Iron
Trade:" — "The most extraordinary and the b»st
attested instanoe of enthusiasm existing in con-
junction with perseverance is related of the
founder of the Foley family. This man. who was
a fiddler, living near Stourbridge, England, was
often witness of the immense labor und loss of
time caused by dividing the rods of iron neces-
sary in the prooess of making nails
"The discovery of the process called splitting,
in works called splitting mills, was first made
in Sweden, and the consequences of this ad-
vance in art were most disastrous to the
manufacturers of iron about Stourbridge.
Foley, tbe fiddler, was shortly missed from his
acoustomed rounds, and was not again seen for
many years. He had mentally resolved to as-
certain by what means the process of splitting
of b.irs of iron was accomplished; and, without
communicating his intention to a single hu-
man being, he proceeded to Hull, and thence,
without funds, worked his passage to the Swed«*
ish iron port. Arrived in Sweden, he b?gged
and fiddled his way to the iron foundries,
where, after a long time, he became a universal
favorite with the workmen; and, from the ap-
parant entire absence of intelligence, or any-
thing like ultimate object, he was received into
tbe works, to every part 0! which he had access.
He took the advantage thus offered, and having
stored his memory with observations of all
the combinations, he disappeared from amongst
bis kind friends as he had appeared — no one
knew whence or whither.
"On his return to England he communicated
his voyage and its result to Mr. Knight and an-
other person in the neighborhood, with whom
he was associated and by whom tbe necessary
buildings w6re erected and machinery provided.
When at length everything was prepared, it was
found that the machinery would not act; at all
events it did not accomplish the sole end of its
erection— it would not split the bar of iron.
Foley disappeared agiin, and it was ooncluded
that shame and mortification at his failure bad
driven him away forever. Not so; again, some-
what more speedily, he found bis way to the
Swedish iron works, where he was received joy-.
fully, and, to make sure of their fiddler, he was
lodged in the splitting mill itself. Here was!
the very end and aim of his life attained beyond
his utmost hope. He examined the works, and
vtry soon discovered the cause of his failure.
He now m ide drawings or rude tracings; and
h iviog abided an ample Jimo to verify his ob-
servations, and to impress them clearly and
vividly on his mind, he made his way to the
port, and once more returned to England
This time he was completely successful, and
by the results of his experience ^enriched him-
self and greatly benefited his countrymen.
This I hold to be the most extraordinary in-
stance of credible devotion in modern times."
Ameeican Bessemer Improvements in Eng-
land.— Four years Ago an American engineer
who bad had considerable experience at the
Bessemer steel works of this country, and who
was in Eugland at the time, offered tbe Bar-
row steel works complete details of the im-
provements in the working ef the Bessemer pro-
cess in America for -a very small royalty per ton.
The offer was not accepted, and we presume
the managers were not a little astonished at
the insolence of the "blarsted Yankee" in at-
tempting to teach them. Last September Mr.
Holley, another American engineer, read be-
fore the Iron and Steel Institute (England) a
paper showing that by these despised Ameri-
can improvements we were getting from one-
half to three-fourths more work out of a pair
of Bessemer converters than the English. And
Mr. Smith, tbe manager at Barrow, stated that
"they, at Barrow, would endeavor to see why
they could not do as well with rpgard to quan-
tity" as they had done in the United States."
And now comes the satisfactory part of the
whole affair to the American engineer first men-
tioned. A few weeks since a gentleman from
those same works at Barrow, where his offer
was refused, came into the Bessemer works
where he is engineer to examine them, doubt-
less to carry out Mr. Smith's idea of "seeing
why they cannot do as well at Barrow." There
was a look of quiet satisfaction on the counte-
nance of our friend an he related these circum-
stances.— American Manufacturer.
A new Belting Material. — In engineering
shops in Germany a new kind of belting is
being adopted. It is made from hair, pre-
sumably that of the alpacca, and is delivered
by the makers in a Bi«gle piece without seam.
It has a coating which consists principally of
minium. It is spoken of as most satisfactory,
and being mote durable than either gutta-per-
cha or leather.
herioan Line op European Steamers. —
Boston QommerciaX Bulletin reports the
v construction of a fleet of trans- Atlantic
irican-built steamers to be ahead of any-
g now afloat in speed and carrying capac-
•The Sand^Blast. — The contractors who
have undertaken to furnish 240,000 headstones
for the national cemeteries cut the names, in
their works at Rutland, Vt., by means of the
sand-blast. This'buts a name in'four minutes,
and they complete 500 stones daily.
Flat and Bottnd Belts.— A three-fourth inoh
round belt, running in properly grooved pul-
leys, willconvey the same power as a two inch
flat belt.
cientific Progress.
Development of Magnetism in the Rails
of Railways.
M. Heyl, engineer of one of the German
railways, iu a recent report upon the special
section under his charge, calls attention to the
development of magnetism in tbe rails. He
says: I have observed tbat all the rails are
transformed at their extremities, after they
have beeu placed in position a few days, into
powerful magnets, capable of attracting and of
retaining a key or even a heavier piece of me-
tallic iron. These rails preserve their mag-
netism even after they have been removed, but
they lose it gradually. When in position, how-
ever, the magnetism is latent, only becoming
free when the chairs are removed, and disap-
pearing again when they are replaced. Hence
it is necessary to assume that two opposite,
poles come together at each junction, aud that
each rail is a magnet, the poles being alter-
nately reversed throughout the line. This pro-
duction of magnetism in the rails examined is
undoubtedly attributable to tbe running of the
trains and to the shocks, frictions, etc., thereby
produoed. The hypothesis of electric currents,
induced or direct, must be rejected, since it. is
neg.tived by experiments upon the subject
made with suitable apparatus. Although the
interest attaching to the fact above stated is at
present purely scientific, it is not impossible
that the magnetism thus developed may exer-
cise an influence actually beneficial upon tbe
stability of the roadway, increasing the adher-
ence to the rails and the friction. It is possible
also that tbe magnetic currents may be
stronger at the moment of the passage of the
trains, than either before or after. If this be
so, the observations may acquire a still higher
practical importance.
Excrementitious Matter as Fuel.
The scientists have not yet done with devis-
ing ways and means for utilizing excrementi-
tious matter. The latest reported experiments
in this direction have been oonducted by Dr.
Petri, of Berlin, who has perfected a prooess
for producing odorless blocks of fuel from ex-
crements, which also burn without odor, with
a heating effect equal to brown coal, and af-
fording an ash exoullent as a phosphatic fertil-
izer. The excrements are first rendered per-;
fectly odorless in the receptaole3 before remo-
val, by the addition of a chemically prepared
powder, and are then concentrated by evapora-
tion in a peculiarly constructed vessel (without
the least annoyance to persons present), to the
consistency of clay, 'and the mass then deliv-
ered by the machine, so as to 'be cut by wires
into blocks, which are pressed and dried like
bricks. It is not necessary to separate solid
from liquid excrements, aud the disinfected
matter can be transported at any time without
annoyance to any one. Since the machines act
rapidly, and without requiring many hands,
the establishments need not be very large or
remote. The results of experiments conducted
before the authorities of Berlin are said to
have been very satisfactory, and calculations
were made according to which it would appear
to be very economical to the city to remove
excrementitious materids in this way.
The Ages of Dabkness. — The ignorance
whiob prevailed during the Middle Ages respect-
ing the geography of the earth is surprising.
The true orthodox system for more than
ten centuries taught that the earth is a quad-
rangular plane extending 400 days' journey
east and west, and exactly half as much north
and south; that it is inclosed by mountains on
which the sky rests; that one of these moun-
tains on the north side, higher than the others,
by intercepting the rays of the sun produces
night; and that the plane of the earth is not
set exactly horizontally, but with a little incli-
nation from the north; hence the Euphrates,
Tigris and other rivers running southward are
rapid; but the Nile, having tq ran up hillt has
necessarily a very slow current. It is impor-
tant to state, however, that such vagaries were
not believed by every one. There were, even
iu those dark times, a few superior minds that
rose above the ignorance, superstition, and
ecclesiastical dogmatism of the age, and groped
their way into a le-;s murky light. But gross
ignorance enshrouded the minds of the musses,
and a horrible intellectual darkn^s-t prevailed,
which was deeper than the pall of night. Ad-
vancing science' has fortunately brought to us
a better knowledge of nature.
New Imitation Silver Oenaments.— In sev-
eral stores in Munich various objects of art
have lately be^n displayed, which are remark-
able for their brilliant silver hue. It appears
that they are mere plaster models covered with
a thin coat of mica powder, which perfectly
replaces the ordinary metallic substances. The
mica plates are first cleaned and bleached by
fire, boiled in hydrochloric acid, and washed
and dried. The material is then finely pon-
dered, sifted and mingled with collodion, wuicn
serves as a vehicle for applying the compound
with a paint brush. The objects thus prepared
can be washed in water, and are not liable to
be injured by sulphuretted gases or dust. The
collodion adheres perfectly to gluss porcelain,
wood, metal, or papier mache. The mica can
be easily tinted in different colors, thus adding
to the beauty of the ornamentation. .
Purification of the More Easily Fusible
Metals by Filtration.
If the substauoe of which a filter U composed
has no attraction for the particles of the liquid
to be filtered — t. p., is rot wetted by it, the in -
terstices of the filter do not act like oapillary
tubes, and the liquid will not pass through.
Mercury will not run through a very fine sieve of
iron or copper wire unless the wire is amalga-
mated. If the wire be amalgamated, although
ihe meshes be very flue, the mercury will pass
through', easily, while any pieces of iron, cop-
per or amalgam will bo retained on the filter.
Limpadius, formerly Professor of metallurgy
in Fiicburg, has attempted to make use of this
principle in purifying easily fusible metals, aud
with what success the following will show:
Tinned sheet iron, as thin as piper, was cut
into strips six inches long and four inohes wide.
Five hundred of these were placed face to face
and fastened in an iron frame, with wedges
driven in to bring them closely together. This
frame was luted into the bottom of a graphite
crucible. Some impure Bohemian tin was
melted in another crucible, and allowed to cool
until crystals began to form on the surface,
when it was dipped into the filtering crucible.
The tin which was still fluid, ran through al-
most chemioally pure, while a pasty magina
remained on the filter, which contained iron,
arsenic and copper chemically combined with
tin.
Sulphur as a Fieb Extinguishes. — Les
Mondes suggests that brimstone should be car-
ried on board every ship for use in case of fire.
Half a hundredweight (30 kilos.) of brimstone
would be sufficient to abstract - the whole of
the oxygen from 3,531 cubic feet of air, thus
rendering it unfitted to support oombustijn.
In a dosed space, like a ship's hold, the sul-
phurous gas produced by the burning of the
brimstone would penetrate where water from
the decks could not be brought to bear, and
the density of the gas would prevent its rising
or spreading, if care were taken to close the
batches with wet sails, etc. It is suggested
that the brimstone should be made up in the
form of large matches, the ends of which could
be passed through scuttles prepared for them
in the decks or bulkheads in case of need, It
is asserted that $4 or $5 worth of brimstone
would be sn.ffi ien1 to stifle and annihilate all
traces of combustion in an air space of 35,000
cubic fe-it.
In connection with the above we may re-
mark that chloroform vapor has been lately
found by a chemist in Antwerp to aot with great
rapidity in extingniahing the flame of the vapor
of petroleum. Combustible gases mixed with
chloroform vapor immediately lost their .ex-
plosive properiies, and even their combusti-
bility. It is suggested that chloroform might
be advantageously employed upon a large scale
for extinguishing fires iu petroleum stores and
aud on bo u- d ship.
A. Simple Glycerine Thebmometee, — This
instrument, suggested by A. Jaksch, of Bohe-
mia, is made as follows: An ounce bottle is
two-thirds filled with glycerine of any desired
color, and the bottle placed in a freezing mix-
ture of sal-ammoniac, saltpetre, and water, so
as to cool the liquid to 32^ F. A glass tube
twelve to fifteen inches long is passed through
a good fitting cock, so as to dip nearly an inch
into the glycerine. The cork is inserted in die
bottle and rendered air-tight with sealing wax
or a cement of varnish and chalk, and the
thermometer is then ready to be graduated.
On inserting the cork, the liquid rises in the
tube a few inches. The bottle is. placed in
melting ice, and the level of the liquid marked
32°, if the scale is to be Fahrenheit's. It is
next placed in warm water, say at 132°, and
this point, marked. The space between these
points is divided into one hundred equal parts,
and this division carried down to the Fahren-
heit zero, and upward to the top of the tube.
New Phocess of Gilding ofc Glass. — Prof.
Schwarzenbach, of Berne, has recently devised
the following maw method of gilding on glass:
Pure chloride of gold is dissolved iu water.
The solution is filtered and diluted until, in
twenty quarts of water, but fifteen grains of
gold is contained. It is then rendered alkaline
by the addition of soda. In order to reduce
the gold chloride, alcohol saturated with marsh
gas and diluted with its own volume of water
is used. The reaction which ensues results in
the deposition of metallic gold and the neu-
tralization of the hydrochloric acid by the
soda. In practice, to gild a plate of glass, tbe
object is first cleaned and placed above a sec-
ond plate slightly larger, a space of about one-
tenth of an inch separating the two. Into this
space the alkaline solution is poured, the
reducing agent being added immediately before
use. After two or three hours repose the gild-
ing is solidly fixed, when the plate may be re-
moved and washed.
Nitho-Glyoebine. — Professor Mow.bray, in a
recent leoture before the Stevens Institute of
Technology, on the subjeot of explosives,
stated that nitro-glycerine is now largrly made
from the fatty waste of Bteariue and so ip facto-
ries. . Its density, which is 1.6, water being 1,
enables it to exercise its tremendous force; for,
in a given bulk, there is 60 .per cent, more
gaseous matter than would be contained in it
were it only of the density of water.
316
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[May 15,
ining Nummary.
The following is mostly oondensed from journals pub-
lished in the interior.in proximity to the mines mentionea
California.
BUTTE.
Kent Bab Mining Claim.— Omvil\e Mercury,
May 7: We learn from Deputy Sheriff Stevens
that extensive preparations are being made for
mining in this claim during the coming season.
The long spell of dry weather, it;is thought,
will make the river low enough to mine any
part of it without serious trouble before the
winter rains come again. A large number of
men will be employed. Prospects have re-
vealed the fact that the claim is full of good
pay dirt, and the owners are confident of tak-
ing out something handsome. This is only one
ofa number of like enterprises that will be un-
dertaken the coming season.
Caved On.— One day last week, as William
O'Connellwas working in the mines at Cher-
okee Flat, in this county, he was caved on and
one of his legs broken in two places, and the
other in one, besides which he received inter-
nal injuries that were thought to be fatal.
Last Friday he was brought to to wn and sent
below to the Bay where he will become an in-
mate of St. Mary's hospital.
CALAVERAS.
Red Hill. — Calaveras C/wowMe, May 8: The
work of washing up the tailings, at the Red
Hill hydraulic, is completed^and piping gravel
commenced last Tuesday. The mine is now in
first-rate order for working to good advantage,
and operations will be pushed energetically
forward as long as the necessary amount of
water can be obtained;
Rich Rock Stbuok.— The pay chute has
been struck in the 100-ft east level of the San
Bruno mine at Mosquito gulch. The rich ore
was uncovered twenty ft from the shaft. The
ledge shows about its usual thickness — two ft.
Stoping will be commenced as soon as the level
is driven far enough ahead to admit of it
Relocated. — We learn that parties have re-
located the old What Cheer claim, in Chili
gulch, and are making preparations for work-
ing it. A good deal of money has been ex-
pended on the mine in days past, but the
ground has not yet been thoroughly prospected.
There is considerable water to contend with in
working the claim — so much that machinery
will be necessary to keep it out. The What
Cheer is located on the "blue lead," a ohannel
that can only be reached by sinking a shaft or
running an incline. The present locators of
the ground, however, will have nothing to do
but to put up machinery,' free the old works of
water and go to taking out gravel. Former
owners of the mine ran an inoline that a little
repairing will put in good condition. The new
enterprise has good prospects of success.
The Pioneeb Chief. — • Calaveras Citizen,
May 8: During the past week a party of East-
ern capitalists have visited San Andreas and
examined Sheriff Thorn's quarlz mine, de-
scribed in his U. S. patent as the " Pioneer
Chief," with a view to negotiating a purchase.
After a thorough examination of the mine they
expressed themselves highly gratified with the
results obtained from prospecting as well as
with the location of and general appearance of
the lode. There is no doubt in regard as to
the genuineness of the lead. It is a true and
rich vein, and when properly developed will
prove one of the best paying mines in the
State.
FRESNO.
That Quaetz Mine. — Fresno Expositor, May
10: Last week we mentioned that Messrs. Jen-
Ben & Keyes were about to erect a four-stamp
water power mill, on a quartz lode on the Rose-
lawn farm. Since then we'have learned from
Thomas Whitlock some additional particulars
regarding the mine. The ledge has been pros-
pected by means of an inclined shaft, following
the slope of the ledge, to a depth of thirty feet.
At that depth the ledge has attained a width of.
three feet. The walls of the ledge are well de-
fined. The gold is fine, hardly perceptible to
the naked eye, and seems generally diffused
through the ore. Several small lots have been
tested by working process, and found to yield
handsomely. The ledge has been traced some
miles, and several claims have been located on
it. Messrs Cartwright & Smith own one of the
most extensive claims, and they have made
some very satisfactory discoveries.
INYO-
Panamint Mining Items. — Panamint News,
May i: We oalled on Captain Bell yesterday
morning to interview him in regard to mill and
other matters and found him more enthusiastic
than ever over the bright prospects for Pana-
mint, since his return from San Francisco. He
says the work on the twenty-stamp mill will be
driven ahead as fast as possible, and as soon as
this one is running, work on the lower mill will
commence. The lower mill will be supplied
with a Bruckner revolving cylinder, or roaster.
When this is done the company will immediate-
ly commence the erection of a sixty-stamp dry
crushing mill, with two Stetefeldt furnaces, on
their mill-site on Stewart's Wonder Point, just
above the Jaoob's mill. The company have se-
cured the right for the Stetefeldt in Panamint
and Rose Spring districts. They have also
given orders for the manufacture of five hun-
dred thousand bricks, instead of two hundred
thousand, as first determined upon. It will be
seen by the extent of the above operations by
the company, that a large number of men will
be needed, and Captain Bell authorizes us to
say that good carpenters and millwrights oan
now find employment, at good wages, for sev-
eral months to come. In addition thereto the
company will, in about ten days, put a large
number of miners to work in their mines,
taking out ore. The Captain is now engaged
in setting four immense boilers for the apper
mill, and will soon have things in such shape
that a large number of bricklayers can be work-
ed advantageously.
StrNNYSiDE. — Among the mines that will soon
occupy a prominent position with the best of
those in this district, we note particularly the
Sunnyside, situated in the same mountain
ridge as that of the celebrated Jacob's Wonder,
but being some 500 feet lower down, running
parallel to and beginning at the southwest end
of that mine. The vein is well defined and.
shows in no place a width of less than four
feet, all the croppings showing ore of a high
grade. The ore chute of this mine is the
longest of any we have seen in this district.
The mine is owned by James F. Ward, of Lps
Angeles, an old, experienced prospector and
miner, who has made his wealth by legitimate
mining.
The Sunbise Mill and Mining Companx.—
Having commenced work but four or five days
ago, in sinking a well for water on their mill
site, have succeeded in striking a fine body
already. Work in clearing and otherwise pre-
paring the ground progresses rapidly. Their
machinery and lumber are expeoted to com-
mence to arrive at any day, and it would not
surprise us to see this company turn out the'
first bar of bullion in Panamint.
Dabwin Distbiot Items. — Cor. Inyo Inde
pendent, May 8: Since my last items to you
there have been several changes of ownership in
some of our most prominent mines. Mr. C.
K Hoffman, of Santa Clara, has bought the
"Lucky Jim," and Mr. G-. D. Roberts, of Sa:
Francisco, has bought Bill Gill's interest in
the "Christmas Gift." Mr. Roberts is now
one of the largest mine owners in this district.
I understand that the intention of these parties
is to commence developing their mines imme-
diately, and that Mr. Hoffman will return here
in two or three weeks, for the purpose of
building a furnace. Mr. H. is a gentleman of
long experience in the furnaoe business, both
in this country and Europe, and I think from
his actions while here that he means business.
Being a practical assayer, he has sampled and
assayed ore from most of the mines in the
district, and is well satisfied with the result.
'*■ G:
MODOC.
New Mines. — Modoc Independent, May 1:
Considerable excitement prevails in Surprise
over the newly discovered mines. The ledge
is situated in the Surprise valley range of
mountains and an easterly direction from Dor_
risville. Some of the ore has been sent below
for a test, and it is from the favorable reports
recently received the excitement began. Many
locations have been made along the croppings
for about ten miles. Every test so far made is
of the most flattering character. New loca-
tions are being made every day and many are
now sanguine of developing rich mines in
Modoc county.
MONTEREY.
Qtjicksilveb. — Salinas City Index, May 1:
Another quicksilver mine has been discovered
in this county. It was found by B. F. Dillard.
of this city, one day last week. It is located in
the mountains, about six miles south of this
city, and is said to be rich. The specimen
looked like the pure stuff.
NEVADA.
Gaston Ridge. — Nevada Transcript, May 8 :
A. J. Pelham & Co., who for the" last six or
eight months have been running a tunnel on'
the old Gaston Ridge mine, about six miles
above Washington,- and abdut the same dis-
tance from Eureka South, were rewarded on
Friday last by striking a splendid ledge of very
rich rock, which, according to the judgment of
experts, will pay $200 per ton. Many yearB
ago this mine- was worked somewhat exten-
sively and a chute of very .rich rock followed
several hundred feet. This rock was milled in
the old California mill, which being destroyed
by firs about the same time the pay chute of
rock pitched below the water level, work was
suspended and owing to disputes in the com-
pany, was never resumed till Mr. Pelham and
the present company purchased it, when they
immediately started a tunnel about 125 ft lower
than the old works, upon which tbey have been
steadily employed ever since. They have now
tapped the ledge over a hundred feet deeper
than the old works, and the presumption is
that they have at least 100 ft of rich "backs,",
between this point and the bottom of the old
works.
Nebbaska Mine. — The Wood brothers have
been for a year or more prospeoting in the Ne-
braska mine, with the view of striking the
ancient river channel which runs through on
the east side of Sugar Loaf mountain. We
understand they have at last found it, and the
gravel is very rich. They have labored under
very discouraging circumstances, such as would
have made less resolute persons abandon the
enterprise long ago. They are deserving of
suocess, and from all ' we can learn, they are
sure of it now. The success in this mine will
encourage others located on the ohannel to per-
severe until there is a succession of mines
all along where the channel is known to run
between Sugar Loaf and Cement hill.
Howabd Hill. — Ifoothill Tidings, May 8:
The work of pumping out this mine has been
going on for some time and we understand is
expeoted to be completed early next week, when
regular mining operations will begin.
The Harrington gravel mining company,
whose property is on Alta Hill, adjoining the
Picayune mine, have their tunnel retimbered
and will soon be driving ahead again. They
expect to reach the channel with about 200 feet
of tunnel. Those well posted on gravel think
this a splendid property.
New Yobk Hill. — Things at this mine are
fast assuming shape. The building over the
new hoisting works is completed, most of the
machinery is set and it is expected that con-
nections will be made so that eteam will be
raised on Tuesday or Wednesday next.
BrjCKHAM Mine. — This mine is located south-
west from Grass Valley, near Bear river. The
location was made years ago and the ledge has
been worked with good success. The rock had
to be hauled to Grass Valley in order to have
it tested, and it has been worked through two
or three different mills, in different lots. The
ore has paid all the way from $15 to $29 per
ton, by mill process, and without estimating
snlphurets. The average of all the ore worked
has been something over $20 a ton. The ledge
averages over two feet in thickness, and has
been tested to the depth of ninety feet. A
letter from J. G. Worthington, received yester-
day from the Backhaul mine, states that the
rock is improving rapidly in the shaft, showing
free gold (a thing that has seldom been seen in
the rock which has been worked) and plenty of
snlphurets. The mine only needs a mill on it
to prove a success. This thing of hauling quartz
from ten to fifteen miles is not economy. The
owners are men without capital and tbey would
like to arrange for a mill. They can show the
certified figures for the yield of the rook, and
from the best and most careful mill men in this
district.
lacer. , ™.
Gbeene Mine. — Placer Argus, May 8 : The
Greene mine cleaned up this week about $7,000
from a run of 35 days. The rock orushed
averaging a little over $21 to the ton. This
mine is in excellent running order, the machin-
ery being complete and of the most approved
patterns. Mr. Greene, the superintendent, in-
forms us that the prospects are flattering. New
chutes are being developed that promise rich
pay.
j-The St. Patrick cleaned up $5,000 from 300
•"tons of rock. The 440, 360 and 212-ft levels
are looking well and improving, with every in-
dication of producing abundant rich rock. This
mine has more than paid expenses this month,
and the prospects are that it will continue in
the future, as it has in the past, to be a pay-
ing one, at least this is the determination of
the present superintendent, who thoroughly
understands his business.
The Good Friday mine, under the indefatig-
able exertions of its present superintendent, J.
M. Bryan, has been rewarded by striking very
rich rook, where gold predominates. The fu-
ture prospects of this mine are very flattering.
The St. Lawrence mill and mining company
have on hand over 100 tons of rock, from which
they expect handsome returns. They started
up their mill on Thursday.
The hotels are crowded, many miners are
prospeoting, and everything looks prosperous
and encouraging in the Ophir district.
Further Coal Discovebies — H. Stone
showed as a specimen of Cannel coal, the sur-
face croppings of a vein discovered by Mr.
Crombie, about ten miles from here near Wolf
creek. Mr. Stone, who is thoroughly posted on
coal, pronounces it superior, he thinks, to that
taken out at Lincoln in this county, although
he has not given it a practical test. The ex-
tent of the vein is unknown, but the discov-
erer expects to find it in paying quantities.
■■- Good Run. — Placer Herald, May 8 : The En-
terprise hydraulic mining company, of Iowa
hill, in which our townsman, Judge Spear, we
believe, is largely interested, oleaned up about
a week ago, after a nine days' run, about
$2,000. This is something over $200 per day,
which, when we consider the almost everlast-
ing character of these mines, is very good in-
deed, and indicates plainly, we think, the great
wealth that distriot will produce as soon as the
arrangements for water supply are perfected.
The Iowa Hill canal iB now near enough com-
pleted to bring in quite a large supply of water,
but owing to an accident that occurred to the
main reservoir this last winter, they have not
been able to turn this water to full account.
This accident is, we learn, about repaired. It
is estimated that with plenty of water this dis-
trict is capable of turning out $300,000 a year,
at least.
The Julian mine at Jenny Lind Flat, below
Newcastle, is running steadily, with good re-
sults. It is one of the substantial mines of the
county, and is opened up in such shape that
rock is taken out fast enough to keep its 20-
stamp mill running continually. About thirty
men are employed in and about the mine, and
for several months the mill bas never been
stopped, only to olean up. The average daily
crushing is about twenty-five tons, and the
average yield of the rook is about ten dollars.
The ledge maintains an average width of about
four feet. This mine is the property of C. H.
Schnabel.
The Auburn gravel mining and ditch com-
pany are driving the work on their new ditch
in a lively. manner. The main ditch is far ad-
vanced, and the small ditoh, in which the large
twenty-two-inch pipe .is to be laid, is almost
completed, and the work of laying the pipe on
the ground' has commenced. The tunnel ou
the line of the new ditch is in something over
fifty feet.
PLUMAS.
Sold Odt. — Plumas National, May 8: 1
learn that the Hallsted Brothers have recen
disposed of their mining claims at Kingsbur I-
Ferry, above 12-mile bar, the East Brari l<
mining company purchasing, for the sum
$10,000. The ranch, houses, etc., were a
in the sale. The new company propose to pi If
the water from Kingsbury's creek across 1
river and raise it to a sufficient hight to obti
pressure for their giants, and if report is o>
reot this can be done at a small expense, co
pared with some of the water projects now
operation in this county. The claims 1
known to be rich and extensive, and the !
vestment promises to be a paying one.
Mining Items.— The North Fork compa
are cleaning up and the results are astonishi
the owners. One box yielded over fifty-eif
ounces. An extract from a letter from Dul
hill says: "The yield surpasses our most
guine expectations. Gold, gold everywhe
Pierson & Winter are still making big wa|
in their gravel claim under' the bluff, n
Nelson, and the claim promises to be extern)
Bio Stbike at Gibsonville. — "Staep," I
La Porte mail carrier, informs us that t
Union company, whose claims are located W
of Gibsonville, have recently struck it ric1
and the best part is, it proves the existence
the big blue lead under the main ridge, a
will cause the owners of the adjoining clai
to drive ahead their works, with a certainty
being rewarded for their toil. The Uni
company washed up fifty-three ounces from i
car-loads. There are sixteen shares in 1
claim, and the owners are jubilant, feeling 0
tain of a fortune. The chances arenow fav
able for Gibsonville to regain all its lost gle
and some back to the lively times of twei
years ago. The owners in the Union are
titled to credit for their perseverance, havi
inn their main tunnel over 3,000 ft, and th
too, without being positive that they would
pay. We hope the strike may make rich m
of all of them.
>•■
}■■'.
Ik I
SANTA CRUZ.
Fibb Clat. — Santa Cruz Sentinel, Mb!
It has been whispered here that »t
very large body of fine day, suitable for m» to
ing fire brick, has been discovered on the Cii atop
bonero ranch east of the San Lorenzo civil Ml'
Parties are now negotiating1 to commence t foci
manufacture of fire brick. The clay is simil (ft
to that found at the Mount Savage iron wow \w
near Cumberland, Md.
Blue Clat. — Last week we noted the d, u
covery of a large body of bi-carbonate of lift »(
on the Dodero farm and below Mrs. MajO] ft;
house. This week, we are informed that M
inexhaustible body of the Benicia blue o| fo.
(necessary in the manufacture of cement), lt m
been discovered in Week's lagoon, west, K
Blackburn's orchard and in Corcoran's lagc f,,i
on the line of the Santa Cruz and Pajaro rti jm
road. Now let the old Major's mill be at 011 hit
utilized to grind the cement. Firewood 1 [,]],
burn the cement can be procured and del r:
ered at the mill for $3.50 per cord, and pre ,4,
ably at $3 when the San Lorenzo railroadi |,,s
completed. Staves for barrels, headings, hoi t:
poles, eto., can be procured in the woods wit ifa
in five miles of the works. This new brafl (m
of business will, in time, give thousandsi »jl
men employment in this county.
SIERRA.
Nobth Fobk. — Mountain Messenger, Maytpd
The North Fork company have gravel in th< m
tunnel. The gravel prospects in fine gold al kh
is getting coarser as they go ahead. ' JLAi
Bonded.— The Bald Mountain compa; ^
have bonded their mine for a large sum. Il fa
is sold the buyers will get a very valuablepio t,j
erty.
II, »
It is said that the South Fork company ha jei
struck gravel in their tunnel. ' ,(J.
Yield. — The Empire company, of Moi «p,
Cristo, took out 115 ounces of gold fore iiu.
day's run with nine men in April. This is eqi ,w
to about fifteen dollars per day to the .pit £
The company are unable to work more men I ^j,
want of water.
Nugget.— A' nugget weighing over $1,(
was taken out of the Bald Mountain claim 0 i|cN
day last week. The night foreman, during 11 {m,
shift one night recently, took out thirty ounifl,,,,.
wilh his candlestick. Hard to be beat,
SISKIYOU. ?;
Ibon and Coal. — Yreka Journal, May 5: 0m,:
of the greatest advantages of a railroad to tl It 16
county would be the development of extensiiutag
iron mines in various parts of the oounty, a'lifoaE
probably ooal mines. While all the mountaiUtiitt
on the west side of Shasta valley conttwlffi
quarlz, nearly all the mountains on the ei ' t :
side contain iron and ooal. Mount Shai :
itself is a great iron mountain, and no doi ' ';
oontains mueh coal, but it is useless to wort :::-
without a railroad to transport the ore ::>
smelting works. Out at the Oregon slooi m ;
north of town, is also a well developed it l^j ;
mine, of as handsome ore as a person wowtat]
desire, and all over the flats around this to ■ /-■_
oan be found any quantity of kidney ore, wh t-_:
is the very best quality of iron. If that Es III «-;
era company puts up the proposed smelt: ■•
works at Sacramento, and the railroad is i
tended to this county, the iron fields of I '<' ;
section could supply it with raw material
generations to come.
In this vicinity are vast tracts of mine
land that could be taken up by the settlers :
twenty-acre blocks, and patented for ruin:
purposes; which land besides being used fi
mining purposes could be used as a homesti (•-.
and farm. There are thousands of acres :;
this kind of land in all the mining distriot*
.
ay 15. 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
317
lis county, Tery little of which is occupied,
id if ditches or artesian wells could be built
furnish water every man settling on such
Ad in many places could secure a good min-
ig claim and farm combined. Quartz claims
so could be taken up with a Bimilur privilege,
Lough the locator wonld not be as liable to
ad good soil covering quartz olalms as often
iver placer diggings.
AN BENITO.
Bone QcicitsiLVEB.— San Benito Advance,
ay 8: The quicksilver developments near
ie head of Cholame valley are very promising.
X. Pitts, who is working in connection with
ie8an Francisco mining company, has already
icavatcd a pile of ore valued at over $100,000,
id Messrs. Lee & Spencer are very much en-
mraged by tbe rich assays made from the
errimac, a mine which promises to be as rich
; cinnabar as any in the State.
UOLUMNE
Nkw Aldakt Mink — Union Democrat, May 8:
be owners of the New Albany mine are en-
fgeii in constructing a ditch and flume two
ilea in lenglh, to bring water to the mine for
illing purposes. There is a force of twenty
en at work. It will be pushed forward as
-t as it can be and the lumber required is
wed and furnished. The mine is developed
mngh to justify the erection of extensive
»ks; no time will be lost in getting up a mill
id other improvements to pat it in proper
»kiag oondilion. Dr. Walker, the superin-
ndeut, has first found there is a uiine before
akiug expenditures for machinery and ap-
iancts.
Qdicksilveb has been talked about this week,
ore claims were reoorded in the Marsh Flat
ctifii, and Jaok Knowles came down from
e mountains with some specimens he took
m near the summit of the Sierra. He went
through the snow, found the vein, traced
some 1500 feet. Parties from the other side
reported to have been over but were un-
ooessful in finding it. When the weather
,d snow will permit, thorough explorations
11 be made, and if cinnabar in paying quan-
ies is lying in the mouutains, it can hardly
cape being found this summer. There is
oeh faith with those engaged in prospecting
Marsh's Flat that something valuable will be
veloped there.
BIN1TY.
Struck it Good. — Trinity Journal, May 8:
ke Bowerman was in town this week and
Is ns that Mancey & Reed have opened a
tim on Buckeye creek, at the mouth .of Dutch
loh, whioh is paying them well. Water
'ing scarce, they work it by shoveling into
lall boxes, and in this way they realized an
inoe a day to the hand last week. On
ednesday last they picked np a nugget weigh-
g nearly $200. Such items are particularly
toresting these dry times.
Fbom CiSNABiB.— Under date of May 2, our
itbfnl Cinnabar correspondent furnishes the
llowing interesting and cheering intelligence:
jytle & Hawkett are working in their second
wer level, and have richer ore than they
ve heretofore worked, the ore seeming to get
tier as they go down and the stringer wider,
e stringer at the present time is from 16 lo
ft in width. They are opening three breasts
d expect to be able to keep their retorts run-
ng day and night. They are taking oat,
th their retorts, from five to six tanks of
iokBilver daily. Butler & Worland are get-
ig very rich ore ont of their shaft, and as
Mi as they get their furnace completed expect
take ont quicksilver in paying quantities."
WLARE.
JJBOBLEIGH Dbhj,.— Visalia Delta, May 8:
■e learn that Mr, Brown, tbe superintendent
B the New England mining and smelting com-
rjy, is about to introduoe the Burleigh drill
■ the Mineral King mines. It is to be em-
oyerl in running a tunnel from the bed of the
1st Fork with a view of tapping all the prln-
pal leads- of the district, in all of which this
■mpany possesses more or less interest. The
llaohiuery is to be worked, we believe, by hy-
fraulic power.
Nevada.
'ASHOE DISTRICT.
UOALrjoBNiA.— Gold Hill News, May 6: All
He cross-cuts eastward on the 1500-ft level are
ling steadily advanced with the exception of
,jos. 1 and 2, there being no material change
M report of them. Sinking the winze from
Ke 1400 to connect with the 1500-ft level is
•pking steady progress, the bottom still in ore.
Ophie. — There is no change of material value
II either the looks or yield of the ore stopes on
\ e 1465ft level. The northeast winze on the
1165 ft level has been sunk to the depth of 85
H the bottom still in good ore.
Consolidated Virginia.— The joint pros-
oting cross-cuts on the 1300 andl400-ft levels
e steadily advanoing, without change of in-
fest to record. Work has not yet been re-
ined on the 1550-ft level. Everything in and
lout the mine is working finely, and its future
oks more prosperous than ever.
Bullion. — The qnartz and ore in the face of
e drift on the 1700-ft level of the Imperial
aft is of a very solid and encouraging char-
ter. The farther the drift is driven the more
tiled becomes the conviction that the ledge
this point is large and well defined and of
e most promising oharaoter. The quartz
idy on the 800-ft level continues to develop
lely, but as yet affords no bodies of paying
e.
Cbown Point.— Daily yield, 550 to 600 tons
ore. The ore breasts throughout the entire
ine are looking finely, and show no signs
whatever of giving out. Prospecting the 1600
and 1700-ft levels Is still vigorously proseouted,
with somo favorable indications of ore devel-
opments ahead on the 1600-ft level.
Hale & Nobcboss.— The steady and persis-
tent prospecting of the 2100-fe has developed
nothing new daring the past week. Thecross-
cuttim; of this level has been very thorough,
and although considerable quantities of qnartz
have been encountered no paying bodies of ore
have been found. Preparations are now being
completed for sinking the main incline 200 ft
deeper, at which point the ledge will be again
cross-cut and prospected.
Sixbba Nevada. — Sinking the old shaft is
making the usual good progress, the rook in
the bottom working soft and favorable. Driv-
ing the east drift on tbe 700ft level is making
steady progress, tbe face still in a very encour-
aging character of ledge material.
Belchkb. — The water is being rapidly drained
from the main incline, so that work can be
again resumed on the 1500-ft level in a very few
dajB more. The north and midllo winzes from
the 1400-ft level will reach the 1500-ft level in
a day or two more, the bottoms of both being
still in ore. Daily yield, 450 tons of ore. The
ore stopes are all looking well throughout the
mine.
Eubopa.— The quartz in tbe face of the drift
or cross-cut east from the winze, 113 ft brlow
the adit level, continues of the most favorable
oharaoter. It is. low-grade ore, but there is a
good solid body of it, and valuable deposits of
ore may be looked for before long.
Chollab-Potosi. — Sinking the main incline
is resumed, and is making Rood progress. The
main south drift on the 1500-ft level is in a dis-
tance of 420 ft, the face in porphyry. The
main south drift on the 1150-ft level is in 250
ft, the face also in soft porphyry. Daily yield,
36 to 40 tons of ore from the old upper levels,
the assay value of which is $28 per ton.
OBiorNAL Gold Hill. — This mine is at the
present time looking better than ever before.
The air-pipe just introduced throughout the
north drift, at the 340-f t level, gives good venti-
lation and excellent facility for driving ahead.
A second oross-out from the south drift is being
made into the ore body, and shows very good
milling ore. The new ore damp is about com-
pleted.
Sdtbo.— The rock in the face of the main
west tunnel, which has been very hard for the
past three weeks, is gradually softening, and
shows evident indications of a near approach
to the ledge.
Amazon. — The shaft is sunk and thoroughly
timbered to the depth of 96 feet. This shaft is
being sunk at the foot of, the mountain, 100 ft
below the surface cropping of the ledge, so that
a drift slarted at the 100-ft station will cat the
ore vein at a depth of 200 ft below tbe surface
and will open the mine at a depth of 100 ft be-
low the bottom of the old works.
Leo.— Sinking the winze below the main
east tunnel level is progressing at the rate of
two feet per day. The vein matter shows a
steady improvement, the clay being of a deeper
blue color and the quartz of the white Gom-
stock character, with occasional seams of ore
showing free gold.
Gopld & Cubby — The new pumping ma-
chinery is all working splendidly, and the
water has been drained to the 1700-ft level, at
which point work has been again resumed in
the north drift, which will connect, in a dis-
tance of about 80 ft more, with the sonth drift
from the Best & Belcher winze. Burleigh
drills, driven by compressed air, are used in
the face of the drift, and good progress is being
made.
Savage. — The steam was turned on the new
incline hoisting and pumping engines day be-
fore yesterday, everything working as smooth
and perfect as it was possible to have it.
Jclia. — Sinking the main shaft is making fine
headway, the Burleigh drills working well, and
the rook in the bottom blasting splendidly.
Driving the main south drift on the 1000-ft
level is -making steady headway,
Niagara. — Sinking the shaft is making
splendid progress, following the foot-wall of the
ledge, occasionally cutting bunches of excel-
lent ore.
BrjOKEVE.— The east cross-cut on the 550-ft
level has reached the east wall of the ledge,
and is stopped for the1 present without finding
any milling bodies of ore. A drift has been
started to the northward on a streak of qnartz
cot in this drift, the streak gradually 'widening
from one to four feet as the drift progresses,
the whole vein being ore that will assayfrom
$12 to $30 per ton.
Best & Beloheb. — Driving the main south
drift from the bottom of the winze on the 1700-
ft level, to connect with the north drift from
the Gould & Curry shaft, is making good pro-
gress, the Burleigh drills used in the face doing
good execution,
Baltimobe and Amebican Flat. — The cross-
onts on the 700-ft level are showing a decided
improvement in the quality of the ledge mate-
rial penetrated. The cross-cuts on the 850-ft
level are also showing improvement.
Yellow Jacket. — Drifting east toward the
ledge on the 1840-ft level is making excellent
progress. The drift is now in a distance of 100
ft, and will have about 80 ft to run to reach the
ore vein.
Silveb Hill — The water has been drained
and sinking the shaft resumed, the sinking
making excellent headway. The new pump-
ing machinery is all working finely.
Lady Bryan. — The water is drained to the
380-ft level, and will now .'Soon be sufficiently
overcome to admit of a resumption of work on
that level.
South Combtock.— Shaft now down 173 ft,
and sinking in ledge matter, with quartz whioh
gives fair assays. Milling ore is evidently not
far off.
Datton. — Bnilding the mason work for the
engine beds, and patting in the anchor and
angle bolts, has made good headway during
the past week.
Imperial-Em-irk. — The eaet-oross cut on the
2000-lt level has cut through the clay wall and
is showing much more favorable indications
than for some time past. Sinking the main in-
cline is making steady progress.
Lady Washington. — Grading for the heavy
new machinery is getting along finely, the ex-
cavations for tbe foundations of the pump en-
gine and bob being nearly completed. The
mason work will be commenced next week.
Phil. Bhebidan. — The rock in the face of
the main west drift workB softer and better,
and more olay and quartz seams are coining
in. Quite a promising and important obange
seems to be taking place.
Mexican — A chamber is being opened in the
north drift on the 1465 ft level for the purpose
of commencing to sink a winze on tbe ore body
leoently developed at that point.
CORNUCOPIA DISTRICT.
The Leopard, — Cor. Virginia Enterprise,
May 9: In speaking of the Leopard mine, a
writer says: "This mine is oertainly very rioh,
and will prove a good one after a time. They
have the ledge in a tunnel at a depth of about
150 ft, and it certainly looks splendidly. It is
the only mine at present whioh is taking out
ore. There are several other mines prospect-
ing. What is wanted now is another mill with
a large tun of stamps. The one we have is
only a ten-stamp mill, and it is kept constantly
at work, crushing Leopard ore. The conse-
quence is outsiders have no opportunity of
crushing rock. Another drawback is the scarc-
ity of wood. There 'is none nearer than 17
miles. The mill is compelled to burn sage-
brush for fuel. From what I have seen of this
section, I think it is a very good place to pros-
pect in. Almost every mountain is covered
with quartz, and now is the time to prospect,
as the snow is all off the mountains."
Idaho.
New Mines — Owyhee. — The Owyhee Ava-
lanche, of May 4, referring to the newly dis-
covered placer diggings at Wagontown, ten
miles below Silver City, says: The hills in
which the precious metal hap been discovered
are a short distance from Tom Wall's house,
and the belt of ore is supposed to extend
through to Trout creek, a distance of ten miles.
Prospecting thug far has been attended with
the most favorable results. J. B. Jones, hear-
ing of the excitement yeBterday, rode quietly
down there, took a survey of the country atr
daj light this morning, and made up his mind
to secure the water right. Two other parties
were already en route to Silver on the same
mission. Jones passed them on the road,
making speed at the rate of twenty miles an
hour, and got to the Eecorder's office first,
securing his title. Mr. Jones believes the dig-
gings are worth a million dollars. If they con-
tinue to develop as they look thus far, active
work will soon commence.
Thebe are rumors on the street of a very
rich and important strike which has been made
within a day or two at the Pauper mine. The
ore is entirely different from any yet seen in
this camp, and bears a striking similarity in
appearance to that of the great I'omstock lode
of Virginia, so much so that samples plaoed
together cannot be distinguished from each
other. Tests are being made, and the indica-
tions are that it will assay from $250 to $700
per ton.
Utah.
Mining Matters. — Reports from the eighty-
six mining districts in Utah Territory are very
favorable, considering the difficulties the miners
have had to surmount in the way of late snows,
slides, and high water. The settled weather is
causing many to presume work on prospects
which have been lying idle during the winter.
The producing mines in several of the leading
camps h j.ve been making their regular ship-
ments to the mills and smelters, and have been
increasing their facilities for more thorough
developments. The outlook for greatly in-
creased production over that of any previous
year is very promising, and the yield of pre-
cioub metals for 1875 may, the Salt Lake Tri-
bune thinks, safely be set down at $9,000,000.
Heating Ibon Wire. — An anomalous and re-
markable change takes place in the heating
and cooling of iron wire. While the iron is
first heating there is a sudden contraction or
cooling; and so again, when the heat is cut off,
the wire cools a little and then suddenly re-
heats and glows, afterwards quietly passing
down to a blackness. Professor Barret, of the
Royal Society; explains the notable points
in the jerks or changes, by stating that the iron
in the first instance loses its magnetism and in
the last jerk or oscillation regains it.
Delicate Radiometer.— At the last animal
soiree of the Eoyal Society, Mr. Crooks exhib-
ited some simple delicate radiometers. These
consisted of a glass stem supporting a little
four-bladed windmill, carrying four discs, one
on each end of the four slender glass rays.
These work horizontally, supported by a steel
point on a small topaz, and the radiation of
light from a common candle at some distance
away suffices to make them rotate with great
liveliness in vacuo in a small glass globe.
Steam Launches.
Steam launches have become so much the
rage in England within the past few yearn, and
so many are built, that there is great compe-
tition among the marine engineers as to who
oan get the greatest amount of speed out of (he
smallest possible amount of machinery. The
English builders have become very expert in
this class of work, and are far ahead of our
people. Boats are made now to attain a mar-
vellous speed with so light a draft of water as
to seem only to sit on top of it Many of the
water courses upon whioh these little craft are
used are very shallow in places, but the long
flnt boats, with double propellors, overcome
this obstacle readily.
Of course in such diminutive specimens of
marine architecture as these Httle launches
every inch of room is desirable, and therefore
it is necessary to keep the boiler and engine in
as compact a form as possible, so that there
will be room for passengers. Moreover, as a
high rate of speed is one of the requisites, cou sid -
erable steam surface is wanted, which is hardly
compatible with small boilers. The engines,
too, must be small and compact, with as little
gear as possible, and improvements are being
constantly suggested to combine all the require-
ments of this class of boat building.
We notice in Iron a description of the latest
of these improvements, in the shape of a very
compact little engine to drive a single screw,
the invention of P. W. WillauB, of the faotory
of John Penn & Sons, marine engineers at
Greenwich. It was built for a boat where, as
usual, large cabin accommodation was wanted,
and therefore the engine was wanted to set
very far aft; so far back, indeed, as to render
the use of the usual .vacht engine impossible.
This little engine is constructed with three
cylinders, and the only working parts are three
pistons, three connecting rods, and a three-
throw crank axle. These are enclosed in a
■cast-iron casing, so that nothing can be seen of
the engine itself except the two ends of the
axle wheel, which appear through the cas-
ing. The cylinders are placed sido by side,
and it is by a system of ports which connect
the cylindersone with the other, together
with a peculiarconstructioii of piston, that
the piston of one cylinder acts as a
slide, and admits steam to the next or third
cylinder. All of these ports meet in a three
way cock, and by turning this cock the direc-
tion of the Bteam is altered, and the engine is
stopped or reversed with marvellous rapidity.
It will thus be seen that all slides, eccentrics,
link motion and other complicated reversing
gear are done away with. There is no exposed
machinery to catch the clothing of persons
passing, no oil or grease flying about, and none
of the other disadvantages which make Bteam
engines in small boats disagreeable. Besides
this, the engine is bo simple that it is com-
pletely under the control of any one, and is so
compact that it oan be lifted in or out of the
boat by two men; two men oan also take it to
pieces, examine it in every part, and put it
together again in less than an hour.
The steam in the engine acts on one side of
the piston only, and as the pressure is always
downward the engine is almost noiseless. By
means of a very simple arrangement the engine
works expansively, and cuts off at five-eighths
of the stroke. Though in the particular case
described more than 380 revolutions were not
required, it is stated that an engine of this
kind has been constructed to run up to 1,000
revolutions, and at these great speeds,
by allowing a small quantity of oil to remain in
the bottom of the casing the lubrication of the
working parts is perfect and such a thing as a
hot bearing is unknown. The diameter
of the cylinder of the engine under
notice is seven inches, the stroke being the
same, and with ninety pounds of steam and
380 revolutions the indicator card showed a
little under forty horse power. The engine
weighs 700 pounds, and is fitted on a boat fifty
feet long and seven* feet four inches beam. The
preliminary trial showed a speed of thir-
teen miles in seventy-five minutes. As soon
as the boat is in trim further trials will be
.made. However, the speed spoken of is well
enough, provided the engine and all are out of
the way, compact and light. People would
rather have a little slower boat provided they
could have more room and more comfortable
quarters, with no smell of greasy machinery
right in the center of the boat, in front of the
cockpit. This engine itself is a new move in
the right direction, by getting the machinery
in a small space and well out of the way.
Tide CALormATrNG Machine. — At the last an-
nual soiree of the Royal Society in London,
Sir Wm. Thomson's tide calculating machines
were exhibited and bore off the palm of the ex-
hibition. By means of the first one observation
of the rise and fall of the tides is made daily
from the shore, and the facts so accumulated
are the^contitants, aud form the basis for setting
the second or calculating machine, in which a
continuous wire passes over a series of wheels
placed at various distances, the result being
that of harmonic motion of different periods
and epochs by which the year's faots can be
ground out by turning a handwheel, and re-
oorded on the paper carrying drum.
318
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 15, 1875
A Great Hydraulic Claim.
A correspondent of the Gall writes as follows
from Cherokee Flat, Butte county, Oal.: Cher-
okee is located in one of the richest miniDg dis-
tricts in Butte county, about twelve miles
north of Oroville, The town is not remark-
able for its elegant mansions, beautiful gardens
and grand scenery, though there are some
small orchards and a few fine gardens; but the
general aspect of the place is barren, and the
surrounding hills are barren and rocky.
Everything speaks of mines and minerals. All
depends upon the mines, and the wealth pro-
duced is in the shape of gold bricks. The
whole industry of the place has to do in some
way with mining.
Spring Valley Canal and Mining Company.
The sources of water supply for this remark-
able mine are Butte creek and the branches of
Feather river, as well as the water-shed of
Table mountain,. Butte creek and the west
branch of leather river furnish the entire sum-
mer supply. The former is twenty-six miles
in length from the head dam at Butte creek to
the extensive reservoir at Concord valley; the
ditch is five feet' wide on the bottom by three
feet deep. The ditch, in its course, crosses
two streams or deep canons, by means of iron
pipes thirty inches in diameter.. The first is
1,064 feet in length, with a maximum depres-
sion of 150 feet. The second, crossing the
west branch of Feather river, is 3,555 feet in
length; maximum depression, 650 feet. It
flows into the large reservoir at Concord val-
ley, which covers 320 acres of land.
The Dewey ditch takes its water from the
head of the west branch, up in the region of
eternal snows, is eighteen'miles in length, and
serves as feeder for Butte creek ditch, iuto
which it empties. From the great Concord
reservoir the wateris brought twelve mile* in a
large ditch six feet wide on the bottom by four
feet deep; it again crosses the west branch of
Feather river in a pipe of the same diameter
as those mentioned — thirty inches — but with a
maximum depression of, 856 feet, which is be-
lieved to be the most severe hydraulic strain
which engineers have attempted to control in
any enterprise of this kind. The pipe of the
water company at Virginia 'City, Nevada, has
a depression of 750 feet, but being only eleven
inches in diameter, falls short in aggregate
pressure to the 'running foot. The pipe is
nearly three miles in length; the heaviest iron
used is three-eighths of an' inch. It has ahe"d
of 180 feet perpendicular pressure, and its
greatest capacity is 2,200 inches by actual
measurement, j -or' 37,445,760 gallons -every
twenty-four hours. The above represents the
summer supply of the company. In addition
to these extensive ditches and reservoirs, they
have about forty miles of ditches ranging from
two feet wide and eighteen inches deep to ten
feet wide and four feet deep, which furnfsh the
mines with a vast supply during the winter
months — probably increasing the supply to
5,000 inches.
The Great Claim.
Butte county has its large claims, as well as
large and extensive estates. The Spring Val-
ley company claim between 250 and 300 acres
of mining ground, averaging 100 feet in depth
—enough of good paying ground for fifty years
to come, at the present rate of working. This
extensive mine has three openings.
Flumes.
They have three miles of triple line of flume,
two of which are six feet in width and the other
four. They are constructed 60 as to shut off
the water, so they can clean up any portion of
either at any time. • ■
Undercurrents.
They have also in connection with the flume
twenty-four undercurrents, ranging from six
feet in width to thirty.
Hydraulic Chiefs.
They have nine hydraulic chiefs " or giants,
the streams from which are forced out under
a pressure of 250 feet of water, and they are
constructing a ditch which will give . them a
pressure of 302 feet. These giants under the
former pressure with seven-inch nozzle will
throw 1,000 inohes of water; Bix-inch nozzle,
, 700 inches; five-inch nozzle, 500 inches. From
the mouth of .this powerful water gun is pro-
jected a stream of water which is as solid as a
bar of steel as it leaves the mouth of the gun,
and remains so for a distance of 200 feet, or
until it impinges against the face of the bank.
It is said by soientifio men that its force is
equal ■ to about one-tenth the velocity of a
cannon ball. There, the great mass of aurifer-
ous gravel, good and bad, has to start on its
path through the sluices, shafts, tunnels, under-
currents and flumes, downward toward, the^
lovely valley of the Sacramento. Think of the
faith of these men. They believed in the prob
lem before them, and it took, .them years of
hard labor and thousands of dollars to solve it.,
Gold Production.
Since the 1st of August, 1874, the yield has
been $290,548.49. Running expenses during
the same period, $144,000. . The company em-
, ploy from 120 to 160 .laborers, and pay their
hands from $65 per month to $4 per day.
The Company's Farms.
The tailings flowing from the mines have
flowed down the channel of Dry creek, and
during the winter freshets have been washed
out over the lands adjoining the same, and have
damaged them to some extent, so they have
adopted the wise policy of purchasing all the
ranches through which the creek flows. They
have now in their possession some 12^000 acres,
whioh have cost the company the sum of $280,-
000. For farming purposes the land is the
cream of the country, and they are now busily
engaged in protecting the same by building
substantial levees, which will protect the land
from any future overflow.
Diamonds.
In addition to the product of gold, the mines
of Cherokee yield diamonds and platinum.
About fifty beautiful diamonds have been found,
ranging from about one carat to three and a
half. They have been pronounced by experi-
enced lapidaries in Boston, Paris, and Amster-
dam, as first rate stones, and many have been
cut and set as gems. Mrs. General Bidwell, of
Ohico, has a very handsome one, weighing
about two carats. The greater part of the
stones possessed at Cherokee were found dur-
ing the earlier days, when primitive modes of
mining were in operation. The present system
of hydraulic washing, with its immense streams
of water and gravel, flowing away so rapidly,
renders a search for precious stones impractica-
ble. But in the black sands which gather in the
bottom of sluices, tons of which are shovelled
out in the process of elf aning up, may be seen
with an ordinary magnifying glass, great num-
btrs of perfectly formed diamonds, varying
from merest mite to almost a pin-head in size.
Platinum
Is found in considerable Quantities,' but no
effort is made to save it; though it does not
amalgamate, it affiliates with the gold amalgam,
and is brought in' that shape; small lots have
been gathered from time to time. The company
have a pound or two in the office.
Small Steam Engines.
The demand for small motors for driving
printing presses, farm pumps, turning lathes,
coffee mills, washing and sewing machines, for
sawing wood and for many other uses in small
shops and in dwellings and on farms is very
great, and is rapidly increasing. The engines
most in demand for such pnrpoees may be
rated at frOm one-half to a full horse power.
If some person would make suoh an engine
and boiler, that could be sold at a reasonable
price, large numbers could be sold; as they
Would be used by amateurs in or about resi-
dences. They should be as simple as possible.
No money should be expended 'On them merely
for show, such as planing or polishing parts
which can be painted; but they should be
strongly built, and special care should be taken
to furnish ample boiler capacity, with strength
sufficient to prevent accidents.
Thinking persons are now cbnVinceVt that
much of our domestic labor can and should be
done by power. It is a disgrace to our civili-
zation that a woman should be compelled to
break her back over a 'wash tub and board.
Very few men would be willing to do the same
work all day; and there is no reason why this
operation, which is a combined chemical and
mechanical process, should .not be done by
machinery; and bo of many other domestic
labors.
Twelve or fifteen years ago there was no
manufacturer who was prepared to turn out
small foot lathes neatly and compactly put to-
gether and at a reasonable price. Nearly all
the foot lathes then in uae were "homemade."
clumsy and hard working. Some one saw the
need and set himself to work to devi=e a small,
compact, easy going' machine, to be operated
by the foot. The result. was a greatly increased
demand, and neatly" constructed foot lathes can
now be had • almost everywhere, and at prices
which place them within the reach of every
one. The 6ame would follow the introduction
at a low price of small, safe engines of the
description alluded to at the outset of this
article.
Building a House in Eight Hotjbs.— The
rapidity with which American mechanics turn
off work ia a marvel to foreigners. This fact
is true even when we leave out of the question
the more general introduction of machinery for
hand labor in American shops. We have a
letter before us, just opened, as we write, from
a French-speaking German, who is having a
.maohine made in^Paris, from the same drawings
used in the construction qf a similar machine in
fcian Francisco, where he complains bitterly of
the tardy progress made on account of the slow
mode of manipulation there. The same is
tine of all European countries. Time there
forms, comparatively,, but & small factor, in
turning out a job of work, while here it is a
most important essential in all jobs or contracts.
We are led to' this remark on perusing the letter
above referred to, just previous to our eye fall-
ing upon the following item from the American
Manufacturer: Last1 year Dr. A. Mii*hler erected
'in Lancaster city, Pa'., a two story brick house
ijn nineteen hours. He now proposes to build
"on the Centennial grounds in Philadelphia,
rtext summer, a two-story brick house, 24 by 40
feet, iri eight hour's! He has arranged with
Oap't. Geisihger, of Heading, for the furnish-
ing of the cornice and door and window caps,
which will be of galvanized iron. The Captain
will be allowed half an hour in which to put
-up the cornice, though he thinks he can doit
in a quarter of an hour.
, Tunnel Under St. Bernard. — Another tun-
nel under the Alps is proposed. It will pass
under the St. Bernard, and be 20,000 feet in
length. The novel feature of this undertaking
is that under the summit the tunnel will be
widened out to make a station, and a shaft; will
be cut, up which passengers can be taken to a
hotel on the top of the mountain.
Ancient Saws.
A writer in the JSngliah Cyclopaedia says:
"The division of wood by riving or splitting was
probably the most ancient method of reducing it
to pieces of convenient size and shape. If the
grain of the timber were straight, this plan
would have the advantageof economy; but as
it is not bo in general,, considerable waste is
occasioned by riving when the pieces are re-
quired to be straight, much wood having to be
removed with an adze in order to make it so.
Hence arose the invention of the saw." Saws
were used by the ancient Egyptians. A saw
resembling a table blade knife with a serrated
edge was discovered, with several other car-
penters' tools, in a private tomb at Thebes, and
is now preserved in the British Museum. There
is a curious picture among the1 remains dis-
covered in Herculaneum, representing a car-
penter's workshop, jwitb two genii cutting a
piece of wood with a frame-saw. On an altar
preserved in the Capitoline Museum, in Home,
there is a1 representation of a bow-saw, exactly
resembling in the frame and twisted cord those
used by modern carpenters. This establishes
the antiquity of; the saw. Continental work-
men to this day cling to the web-saw, with bow
and twisted cord; whilst Englishmen and
Americans uSe almost invariably the hand-saw
for cross-cutting and ripping, and the baok-Baw
for dovetail arid tenon work. This is a strik-
ing instance of the difficulty of ridding our-
selves from au inherited prejudice. A properly
made hand-saw possesses many advantages
to the artisan over the antiquated bow-saw, as
may be Been in the manner of his work with
one compared to that of the other. ThC-bow-
saw requires well balancing to keep it in the
cut, and will only saw to the limited depth of
the crosB-beam; whereas a hand-saw iB compact
and well in hand, and will cut to any depth
commensurate with the strength of the work-
man.
Each country excels in the manufacture of
its favorite tool Germany makes a web for
piercing purposes so remarkably cheap that no
one enquires or cares to ask boW its fabrication
is effected, and the mode of its production' js
unknown here. France has a high reputation
for veneer-webs, mill and billet-web?, and for
small circular saws an inch or so in diameter,
for cutting fine specimens of ivory and bone;
also very thin circulars for sugar-cutting up to
two feet that would sorely tax the skill of an
English or American saw-maker to make.
The French workmaniis great in little things,
while large ones are apt to stagger him. He
will make a ribbon saw that 'no other work-
man can equal; but he never makes a circular
saw seven feet in diameter, such as are turned
out at Sheffield.
The labor in making saw-handles has been
greatly reduced by cutting out, planing, boring,
and slitting by steam. This is an unhealthy
branch of work, arising from the amount of
fine sawdust whioh floats in the atmosphere of
the handle-maker 's rooms and is inhaled by
the workmen at their work. There is scarcely
a healthy looking saw-handle maker in the
trade ; yet few consider it but as a necessity,
irremediable. Originally, in finishing a saw-
handle, the edges were burnished with a hard
bone and a small quantity of oil — a very fatigu-
ing process; now they are almost universally
either French-polished or varnished, which is
a great protection to the grain of the wood.
Fancy handles are made of ebony, mahogany,
and other hardwoods; but for general purposes
beech wood steamed has been found to be the
best.
Important Engineering Work. — A great en-
gineering work, the only one of the kind in
France, is about to be executed at Lyons. It
is that of an iron bridge to connect the plateau
of Fouvrieres with that of the Croix-Kottsse,
which are two bights, like that of Montmartre,
in Paris, at a distance of 300 metres from each
other. This undertaking is estimated to cost
about 2,800,000 franca, of which a subvention
of 600,000 francs only is a.sked from the city.
This aerial bridge wilt consist of three spans,
the central one of 135 meters, and the two
others of 70 meters each, resting on open iron
column?, in a line with the houses on the
quays. The platform of the bridge will be
sixty-five meters above the road and nearly fifty
meters above the houses. Each of the two
central columns will -have inside a lift by which
pedestrians will be raised in two minutes, at a
charge of ten centimes, to the top, whence they
may reach the higher parts of the city, where
they may, have business. The only similar
works existing in Europe are the Britannia
Tubular bridge, in England, constructed by
Robert Stephenson, in 1847, and consisting of
one span of 539 feet and two smallas ones;
that over the Conway, by the same engineer,
of a stretoh of ,400 feet; and the bridge of
Dirsohau in Brussia, whioh has six sections
of 129 meters each.
At the Gould & Curry mine the time neces-
sary to complete the repairs to the shaft and
pumping machinery has been much greater
than it was at first supposed that it would be,
owiug to the fact that all the old pump rods,
waterj tanks and timbers were found to be
more rotten than was supposed, necessitat-
ing th*ir removal and the putting in of every-
thing new, from the surface down. It is now
expected that this work will be completed by
Saturday next, ready to put all the machinery
to work from the top to the bottom of the
shaft
Boise Basin.
Boise Basin, which at one time attained a
almost world wide celebrity for the marvelou
riohness of its placer gold mines, is1 a circala
depression in the southern extreme of an arc
of the Salmon river range of mountains. It
surface is uneven, covered by a dense growtt
of pine, and traversed by numerous creek*
which empty themselves into Grimes creek, 1
tributary of the Boise river, and the only outlet
to the waters of the Basin. The Basin has
meanj diameter of about 25 miles; and most
its numerous creeks and gulches were oiigir
ally rich in gold. It was discovered by a proE
pecting party in the summer of 1862, and th
enormous quantities of gold, lying almost 0
the surface of the ground, and the wild be
scarcely exaggerated stories Bet afloat concern
ing its richness, attracted to it the followin
year ten thousand or more people. And noi
a population greatly reduced in numbers, bn
quiet, law abiding and industrious, occupie
the place of the adventurers and criminals <
former times. The immensely rioh surface dt
poBits which gave to the baBin its early celtbrit
have beeh worked out, and the principal minin,
is now done in the heavy1 gravel deposits ato
deep channels, probably little less auriferou
than were the Surface deposits originally minec
but vastly more difficult to work,' and henc
less remunerative to the miner.
As all very rich mining caihps ' have to d(
Boise Basin han felt to the fullest extent th
damaging depression of the' necessary reactio
from the feverish excitement of the flush time
of '63, and has at last commenced a process c
recuperation that 'will be lasting. The hill
and great gravel beds of the' basin have Ion
been worked profitably, and attention is no'
being directed to Our quartz ledges, many c
which prospect bo well that "old quartz mi
ners," "metallurgists," "experts," and othe
humbugs discredit the facts until shown them
and even then seek to justify their preconceive
notions by such nonsensical assertions as the
the quartz worked is only found in "blon
outs," or on the surf ace, or that at best tb
veius are narrow, and a thousand and one sim
ilar ridiculous objections. And these objec
tions, groundless and absurd as they are, ar
too often coincided with by misanthrope
among our citizens, who should, and really do
know better. AH of these prejudices will wea
themselves out before much longer, and Bote
and Alturas counties* be regarded as the riches
quartz fields on the Pacific const. But tim
must work out this result just as it has workei
out the chance in the character of the people.
But even if it were possible for our quartz t(
prove valueless, there is still left in the beds 0
our creeks an inconceivable Wealth of gold
and on our hills an exhaustlesa snpply of timbel
Tbia gold the ingenuity 'of man, spurred on b;
the greed of riches, will Boon find means of ex
tracting, and this timber the needs of Uta)
and Nevada already demand. A bed-roc!
flume, the feasibility of whioh competent engi
neers have already declared, will enable us t<
mine out the gold, give employment to hun
dreds of men and to commerce hundreds 0
millions of dollars now lying waste under ow
feet. And it will not be long before this bed
rock flume will be put in. — Idaho World.
Extravagance in Buildings.
An Eastern paper calls attention to a resnl
of the reckless extravagance in buildings, sine*
the war, in the large number of empty store
and lofts on Broadway and other streets ii l»i
New York. It says it is almost saddening tt
see so many elegant stores unoccupied, an<
adds, that there are hundreds of costly am
ornamental warehouses which no legitimati
mercantile business can ever pay the rent upoi
in these days. It is customary to point t(
these buildings as proof of weal ih and enterprise
and prosperity; they Bhow -unthrift, extrava-
ganoe, and folly. Honest merchants, bankers
insurance companies, newspapers, canno
carry such enorinouB burdens of rent aB sucl
ornamental piles impose upon them, and thrive
The architectural mania had got the better 0
the public judgment."
What is true of. New Tdrk is equally true 0
this and other cities, and indeed, the influencf
of the mania tfor extravagant show has no jtt
been confined alone to buildings in cities.
There is orie good, however, that is derived Mb
from such extravagance; it makes work fo: tai
those who push the saw and the plane, ant
distributes the money of the capitalists araonf
those who are in need cf it. Especially is tbii
the case when extravaganoe is displayed ii
dwellings. People of small means should Jtftet
by the extravagantly, furnished storesi an(
bestow thtir patronage on those of lesser pre
tendons, where they can buy the same goods fl
a less price. If the wealthy choose to pay foi
the luxury of extravagant stores, why let then
do so, and more of their money will thereb;
find itB way into the pockets of the needy. Vt
don't object to extravagant stores and dwelliogs
but we never patronize them— 7oan't afford it.
Care of a Grindstone. — Do not allow 1
grindstone to siand in the water when not ii
use. Clean off all grease from tools befon
sharpening, as grease or oil destroys the grit
When you get a stone that suits your- purpose
send a sample to the denier to select by; a ha'
ounce sample is enough, and can be sent ty
mail.
Blacefoot, Montana, is terribly excited ove:
the reported discoveries of quicksilver in largt
quantities in that region.
hta
tt
May 8, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
319
Qood HEALTH'
Taking Cold.
If any considerate medical man want* to
bring hi* name before the public, let him pub-
lish a aeries of Bound rules for preventing
those who will follow them from taking cold.
No d auger is more tierious; there ia none that
phvHiciuns can do to very little to cure, except
of course by regimen, of which the nufTerers
are impatient, and there is none against which
the population of all olan-es is more relnotant
to tike precautions. They look upon colds as
misfortunes which nm-t come and which do
not signify; and if urged to take nrecantions
regard the adviser, even if a professional man,
as aiigbtly effeminate, or, as they express it,
very much given ' 'to coddling himself. ' It does
not strike them that a cold wave kills as many
people as a burst of cholera.
Because strong children survive a daily bath
in oold water they think cold water "bardous"
children in winter as well as summer; and be-
cause air and exercise are excellent things,
they assume that fog is air, and a long walk iu
a drizzle beneficial. The very nse of a ther-
mometer to regulate the temperature of a room
seems to be unknown in most houses, and you
will see sedentary men Bitting in a room for
hours with a tire which brings the temperature
up to seventy degrees, and then for hours more
with the fire nearly out and the temperature
at fifty-two degrees, or lower. They know, we
suppose, that a sudden fall of eighteen degrees
will kill off men of low vitality in hundreds;
will give, perhaps, a third of mankind a "touch
of the liver," and will inflict one-half the re-
mainder an "influenza" nearly as annoying
and almost as dangerous as fever; but once in-
doors they fail to realize their knowledge.
This contempt for the theimometer— the
only trustworthy guide in fire-making— is pos-
itively perverse, and so is much of the popular
notion about "hardening." For the average
man or woman exposure to the weather may
have a bracing or otherwise beneficial effect, but
the loss is as great as the gain; and for the old,
for children and for persons of low vitality^-is
probably greater. People will sit, not in the
air, but in drafts of the bad kind, drafts for
example tmch as oome under badly fitting doors
in railroad carriages, with the utmost indiffer-
ence, and juit themselves straight in front of a
fire which would not draw if it were not con-
stantly replenished by a Btream of colder air.
The same ignorance governs much of the
usual practice as to clothing. The anxious
mother will protect her child's chest with a
care which, if be is not consumptive and wears
flannel, he does not want, and then let him run
to school in shoes which, if they keep out
the wet, do not when he is seated keep out the
deadly chill arising from the thoroughly wetted
sole. It is not water on the sole of the foot or
anywhere which harms people, but the chill
which the water induces, and which is as inju-
rious throughthe sole of the foot as through
the chest or loins.
We are not, of course, arguing that a man of
ordinary health should be always watohing the
thermometer, or should attempt to live by rule,
or should sacrifice to mere living the things
without which life is worthless. But he might
make bis life more worthy as well as more
comfortable by attending to a few broad rules
for avoiding colds, which at present he habitu-
ally neglects, and which may be reduced to
two easily remembered principles: The secret of
temperature is even warmth, to be secured by
clothing and regulated fires; and it is chill, not
cold, general chill, or local chili; which encour-
ages disease. — Herald of Smith.
ThbLebseb Evil.- -Dr. Hall advocates some
rather startling ideas concerning cold air. He
is most earnestly against oold bed chambers,
which he says imperil health and invite fatal
diseases. To this— giving a contrast of some
fifty degrees between the temperature of the
longs and the air of the room — the writer
ascribes frequent and fatal attaoksof inflam-
mation of the lungs, and conoludes with the
assertion (which will astonish some) that it is
even safer to sleep in bad a.u all night with a
temperature over fifty than \n pure air with a
temperature under forty. For the bad air may
Bicken you, but cannot kill you; while the cold
Can and does kill very often. ■ c
Self- Indulgence. — The great foe of life is
indulgence' under one form or another. The
letting down of the standard endangers the
length of the course. To be safe one must be
circumspect, prudent, rational, clear in judg-
ment, firm in self-control. To the command
over his appetite a man will owe length of days ;
and not length of days only, not mere contin-
uity, but that which gives to continuity, which
makes prolonged existence something worthy
of being called a' "lease of life," and not a
Btretch of drowsy stupor. As vitality comes to
the system it beats off its foes, and conquers
one after another the advancing years.
Chlobine G-ab in a New Relation.— During
|| the late cholera epidemic in Vienna, a remedy
called camphorein was nsed with great success
in the hospitals. It is prepared simply by
passing chlorine gas into pure turpentine oil
until saturated; it gives a thick, heavy, oily
fluid, of brown color, with a strong smell of
chlorine. This is freed from muriatic acid by
washing with water. The remedy is applied
by placing a portion in a flat vessel and hold-
ing it to the patient to inhale. — Eclectic.
Domestic Remedy for Nightmare.
Slight derangement of the digestive or other
functions is often sufficient to occasion a tem-
porary delirium in children, commencing dur-
ing sleep and prolonged after waking. The
Buffering is great and the condition an alarming
one to parents and friends. The mental ex-
citement is so intense as to resist impressions
from without to an extraordinary degree. It
is here that the associations of smell can be
used more effectively than auy others to break
up the morbid train. A good whiff of cologne
Hitnost always briugs the little sufferer back to
its ordinary world; or a little ammonia may be
used. But an odor which is agreeable is prob-
ably more effective than the one whioh is
merely pungent.
It is a common observation that mental as-
sociations are 'awakened by odors more than
by the impressions of any other sense. In
the case of nightmare the strong, familiar smell
seems to break up the train of abnormal men-
tal excitement.
It is not straying from the subject to ask if
the associations of smell, such, for instance, as
the odor of flowers, have ever been used tenta-
tively in the treatment of the insane.
Remedies fob Colds. — The severest oatarrhal
cold can be removed in about ten hours by a
mixture of carbolic acid, ten drops, tincture of
iodine and chloroform, 7.5 drops. A few drops
of the mixture should be heated over a spirit
lamp, in a test tube, the mouth of which should
be applied to the nostrils as soon as volatiza-
tion is effected. The operation should be
effected in about two minutes, when, after the
patient sneezes a number of times, the trouble-
some symptoms will rapidly disappear. A hot
lemonade is one of the best remedies in the
world for a oold. It aots promptly and effect-
ively, and has no unpleasant after effects. One
lemoo, properly squeezed, cut in slices, put
with sugar, and cover with a half pint of boil-
ing water. Drink just before going to bed,
aod do not expose yourself on the following
day. This remedy will ward off an attaok of
the chillfl and fever if used promptly.
IJSEfjL IflpOr\M^JION.
How Hot Iron May Be Handled.
About the year 1809, one Lionetto, a Span-
iard, astonished not only the ignorant, but
chemists and other men of science by the im-
punity with which he handled red-hot iron and
molten lead, drank boiling oil, and performed
other feats equally miraculous. While he was
at Naples he attracted the attention of Profes-
sor Sementem, who narrowly watched all his
operations, and endeavored to discover his
secret. Sementem's efforts, after performing
several experiments upon himself, were finally
crowned with success. He found that by fric-
tion with sulphuric acid diluted with water, the
skin might be made insensible to the action- of
the heat of red-hot iron; a solution of alum,
evaporated until it becomes spongy, appeared
to be still more effectual. After having rubbed
the parts, which ware rendered in some degree
incombustible, with hard soap, he discovered
on the application of hot iron that their insen-
sibility was increased. He then determined on
again rubbing the parts with soap, and after
this found that the hot iron not only occasioned
no pain, but that it did not actually burn the
hair. Being thus far satisfied, the professor
applied hard soap to his tongue until it became
insensible to the heat of the iron; and after
having placed an ointment composed of soap
mixed with a solution of alum upon it, boiling
oil did not burn it. While the oil remained on
the tongue, a slight hissing was heard, similar
to that of hot iron, when thrust into water; the
oil soon cooled, and was then swallowed with-
out danger. Several scientific men have since
successfully repeated the experiment' of Pro-
fessor Sementem.-^.
Saving is Wealth.
One great- cause of the poverty of the present
day, wisely says an exchange, is , a failure of
our common people to appreciate 'small things.
T^hev do not realize how a daily addition, be it
ever so small, will soon make a large pile. If
the young men and women of to-day will only
begin, and begin now, to save a little from
their earnings and plant it in the soil of some
good savings bank/and weekly or monthly add
t^xeir mite, they will wear a happy smile of
competence when they reach middle life. Not
only the desire but the ability to increase i,t
will also grow. Let clerk and tradesman,
laborer and artisan, make, now and at once, a
beginning. Store up some of your youthful
force for future contingency. Let parents
teach their children to begin early to save.
Begin at the fountain head to control the
stream of extravagance — to choose between
poverty and riches. Let our youth go on in
the habits of extravagance for fifty years to
come as they have for fifty years past, and we
shall have a nation of beggars, with a moneyed
aristocracy. Let a generation of such as save
in small sums be reared, and we shall be free
from want. Do not be ambitious for extrav-
agant fortunes, but seek that which it is the
duty of everyone to obtain— independence and
a comfortable home. Wealth, and enough of it,
is within the reach of all. It is obtained by
one process, and one only — saving. — 8ci. Am.
Useful Hints.
If you get a fish bone in your throat, and
sticking fast there, swallow an egg raw; it will
be almost sure to carry down a bone easily and
certainly. When, as sometimes by accident,
corrosive sublimate is swallowed, the white
of oue or two eggs will neutralize the poison,
and ohange the effect to that of a dose of
calomel.
For chilblains, out up two white turnips,
without paring.into thin slices; put the slicesinto
a tincup with three large spoonfuls of lard; let
it simmer slowly for two hours, then mash
through a sieve; when cold spread it on a soft
linen cloth and apply to the chilblain at night.
Milk for breakfast, when used in the form of
bread and milk, should never be boiled, but
steamed; that is, the jug of milk should be
stood in a saucepan of boiling water for two or
three minutes until hot,
To prevent hard soap, prepared with soda,
from crumbling, the bars may be dipped in a
mixture of resin soap, beef tallow and wax.
A little camphene dropped between the neck
and stopper of a glass bottle will render the
latter easily removed if jammed fast.
To make silk which has been wrinkled appear
like new, sponge on the surface with a weak
solution of gum arabio or white glue, and iron
on the wrong side.
A piece of parafflne oandlejabout the size of a
nut, dissolved in lard oil at 150 deg. Fan., the
mixture applied once a month, will keep boots
waterproof.
A strong solution of sulphate of magnesia
gives a beautiful quality to whitewash.
Leather can be made hard by saturation iu a
solution of shellac in alcohol.
Parafffne is the best material for pro tooting
polished steel or iron from rust.
Soap and water is the best material for clean-
ing jewelry.
Sharpening Files by Acid.
A process of rebiting files by means of acid
has been for some time tried and talked of,
but no definite information as to the best
method was to be obtained till the other day.
It appears that the plan has been adopted in
the two marine stations of Cherbourg aud Lo-
rient, and with complete sucoess.
In the first place, the worn files are well
cleaned with potash and hot water; they are
then left for five minutes in a solution com-
posed of one part of sulphuric acid and seven
parts of water; a quantity of nitric acid equal
to the sulphuric is then added to the solution,
and as much water also, and the files are left in
the solution for about forty minutes longer.
They are now ready for use, but if they are to
be stored they must be brushed over with a
little oil or grease to prevent rusting. The files
must not touch each other in the solution, be-
ing supported by their tangs only.
In order to obtain the most complete results
possible, the proportions of acid should be
varied according to the size of the files; for in-
stance, for large files one-sixth aoid; for bastard
ditto, one-eighth, one-ninth to one-eleventh;
and for the finest, one-twelfth to one-thir-
teenth.
The cost of the operation is from ten to
fifteen cents, that is to say, from rather more
than a penny to nearly three half-pence, while
recutting costs about sixpence; and, as a file
sharpened in the acid is, it is said, quite as effi-
cient as one that has been reout, the saving is
large. Files will often bear the operation twice.
— Iron.
Kalsomining.
As the season for whitening walls is already,
arrived, many are enquiring for some approved
recipe for a superior article for that purpose.
One which has been pronounced very good is
as follows: Eight pounds of whiting and one-
quarter of a pound of white glue make the
right proportions. Soak the glue over night in
cold water, and in the morning heat it till per-
fectly dissolved! Mix the whiting with hot
water, stir the two thoroughly together, and
have the wash pi* the consistence of thick
cream. Apply warm with, a kalsomine brush,
brushing it well in and finishing it as you go
on. If warm skim milk is nsed instead or water
the glue may be omitted. Before the wash is
applied all holes and crevices should be stopped
with plaster of pariB mixed with water. If it is
desirable to tint the walls colors1 may be pro-
cured at any paint shop, and stirred into the
kalsomine wash.
Another is given as* follows: White glue, one
pound; white zinc, ten pound's; Paris white,
five pounds; water sufficient. Soak the glue
over night in three quarts of water, then add
as much water again, and' heat on a water bath
till the glue is dissolved. In another pail put
the two powders, and pour on hot water, stir-
ring all the tirhe, until the liquid' appears like
thick milk, Mingle the two liquids together,
stir thoroughly,- and apply to the wall with a
whitewash brush.
To Remove Bents. — A novel way to remove
dents from brass, kettles is given by a lady in
the Houseliold; Set the bniise on soft snow,
and with a hammer pound gently on it until
the part recovers its proper shape. Some pa-
tience is required to remove bad bruises.
Won't loose sand answer as well as snow?
DopEspc EcopopY*
Facts About Flour.
The Boston Journal of Chemistry, m a well-con-
sidered article on the effects of fine flour, says,
At the present lime it is the practice to a
large extent among millers, to grind the finest,
soundest wheat into fine flour, and the poorest
into what is called "Graham flour." This
term, "Graham flour" ought no longer to be
used. It is a kind of general name given to
mixtures of bran and spoiled flour, to a large
extent unfit for human food. What we need is
good, sweet wheat flour, finely ground, and
securely put up for family use.
This article we do not find in the market, and
the Western miller who will give his earnest
attention to furnishing such flour will realize a
fortune speedily. The brown loaf made from
whole wheat is to our eye as handsome as the
white. It can be m-ide with all the excellencies
of the white so far as lightness is concerned,
and it is sweeter and more palatable. With
this loaf we secure all the important nutritive
principles which the Creator, for wise reasons,
has stored in wheat.
[The statement with regard to the ''Graham
flour" manufactured at the East does not hold
good with regard to that product here. — Eds.
Press.]
Nuts and Cheese promote digestion as a
general rule; the conditions being that the nuts
should be ripe and the cheese old, both to be
eaten at the close of dinner; the digestive agent
in both is a peculiar oil which has the property
of acting chemically on what has been eaten,
and thus preparing it for being the more easily
appropriated to the purpose of nutrition. Many
think that the more solid portions of the nut
should not be swallowed. This is an error;
those particles of solid matter are not digested,
it is true but they are passed "through the syB-
tern unchanged and act as mechanical stimulant
to the action of the internal organs, as white
mustard seed swallowed whole are known to do,
thus preventing that oonstipated condition of
the system which is so invariably productive of
numerous bodily discomforts and dangerous
and even fatal forms of disease.
Cooking ' 'Gbeens. "— Every housewife thinks
she can cook "greens." It is the simplest of
all dishes; and yet, in most oases, they [are
not well served, for much depends on the man-
ner in which they are boiled. The water
should be soft, and a tablespoonful of salt
added to a large sized pot of it, whioh should
be boiling hot when the greens are thrown in;
and then it should be kept on the boiling gal-
lop, but uncovered, until they are done, which
can be told by their sinking to the bottom of
the pot, and they should be skimmed ont as
quickly as possible into a colander, bo that all
the water will run out. Press them wit*, a
small plate, then turn upon a platter, add a
large piece of butter, and cut up fine. Serve
while smoking hot. — London Garden.
A New Delicacy, fob the Table. — The
French have recently devised a new delioaoy
for the table, which is quite as expensive as
truffles or palis defoie grds. It is called "bech-
amel." In its pure state, looks like frozen lard.
It is a jelly made from small fowls; they are
simmered over a slow fire until cooked to a
semi-liquid condition, the bones are carefully
removed, and then to two parts of the material
five parts of cream are added, and plenty of
mushrooms and champagne to flavor it. It
takes a great many small fowls, say twenty or
more, to make a single pound of this prepara-
tion-
Oabbots fob Eggs. — It is not generally
known that boiled carrots, when properly pre-
pared, form an excellent substitute for eggs in
puddings. They must, for this purpose, be
boiled and mashed, and passed through a
coarse cloth or hair seive strainer. The pulp
is then introduced among the other ingredients
of the rpudding, to the total omission of eggs.
A pudding made up in this way is muoh lighter
than when eggs are used, and is muoh more
palatable. On the principle of economy, this
fact is worthy of the prudent housewife's at-
tention.
Rabbit Cutlets. — Prepare the rabbits as you
would for a stew; cut the different limbs into
the size of cutlets— such as the shoulders cut
in half, also the legs, with the ends of the
feones chopped off, and pieces of the back, even
to the half of the head. Have ready some
bread-crumbs and the yolk of an egg beaten up.
Drop each cutlet into the egg and then cover it
up with bread-crumbs, as for veal cutlets. Fry
them a nice brown, and when you dish them
pour round them some rich brown gravy, whioh
may be flavored with tomato sauce if approved,
and put round them rolls of fried bacon.
Lemow Puffs. — One quart of milk, the yolks
of six eggs, two cups of white sugar, two table-
spooufuls of flonr, three lemon1;. Beat the
eggs, sugar aud flour together well; beat the
eggs first, then add the lemon juice; have your
dish lined with paste; do not add the milk un-
til you are ready to put it into the oven. Beat
up the whites, add fine white sugar, a large tea-
cupful, and beat very light; flavor to taste.
When the custard is done spread the icing over
it, set it baok in the oven and let it brown
nicely. Eat as soon as cold.
320
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May i5, 1875
W. B. EWEB .......SBniobEditob.
DEWEY & CO., PTiblislxers.
A T.DEWBX, GEO. H.8TBOMO
W. B. BWSB, JKO.L.BOOHB
Office, JTo. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
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Sample Copras.— Occasionally we send copieB of this
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by subscribing for it, or willing to assist ns In extend-
ing its circulation. "We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
San Franoisoo:
Saturday Morning, May 15, 1875-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS.— An Improved Dry
Ore Concentrator; Imprved Cork-Soled Boots; Air
Bollars; Work at the Foundries, 313. Report of
ProgreBSin Sutro Tunnel; Chinese Coal and iron;
Land Decisions and Mine Patents: HintB on the
Washoe Process; Coal— Relative Value of the Differ-
ent Kinds Used on the Paoific CiaBt; Notices of Re-
cent Patents, 320. Short Lectures on Patents;
Scenery in Colorado, 321- Patents and Inventions,
324.
ILLUSTRATION'S.— Vincent's DT Ore Concen-
trator; Brooks' Cork-Soled Boots, 313. The Moun-
tain of the Holy CroeB, 321.
CORRESPONDENCE.— Geological Formations—
Qaartzite, 314-
MEG HANICAL PROGRESS.— Apparatus for the
Fusion of Platinum; Magnetization of Steel; Ameri-
can Line of European S'eamers; Interesting Incident
in the History of Nail Manufacture; American Besse-
mer Improvements in England; A New Belting Ma-
terial; The Sand-Blast; Flat and Round Bolts, 315.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. — Development of
Magnetism in the Rails of Railways; Excrementi tious
Matter as Fuel; The Ages of Darkness; New Imita-
tion Silver Ornaments; Purification of the Mere
Easily Fusible Metala by Filtration; Sulphur as a
Fire Extinguisher; A Simple Glycerine Thermometer;
New Process of Gilding on GlasB; Nitro- Glycerine,
315-
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada and Idaho, 316-17-
USEFUL INFORMATION .-How Hot Iron may
be Handled: Saving is Wealth; Useful Hints; Sharp-
ening Files by Acid; Kalsomining; To Remove Dents,
319-
GOOD HEALTH.-TakingCold; The Lesser Evil;
Self-indulgence; Chlorine Gas in a New Relation;
Domestic Remedy for Nightmare; Remedies for
Colds, 319.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY. — Facts about Flour;
Cooking "Greens;" A New De?icacy for the Table;
Carrots for Eggs; Rabbit Cutlets; Lemon Puns,
ENGINEERING.— The Removal of Noonday Rock,
321.
MINING STOCK MARKET.-Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week 324-
MISCELLANEOUS.— Timber for the Centennial;
On the Assay of Sugar; Cape Cod Ship Canal; Sierra
County Mines; Fireless Locomotives, 314. A Great
Hydraulic Claim; Small Steam Engines; Building a
Houpe in Eight Hours; Tunnel Under St. Bernard:
Ancient Saws; Important Engineering Work; Boise
Basin; Extravagance in Buildings; Care of a Grind-
stone. 318-
Report of Progress in Sutro Tunnel.
The following: report of progress made in the
Satro tunnel, Nevada, for the week ending May
8th, was furnished as, by felham W. Ames,
secretary of the company:
Nnmber of feet in tunnel, May 1, 9,271
Number of feet driven during week 71
Distance in, May 7 9,842
Bock. — A conglomerate, greenstone base,
with angular pieces of trachyte imbedded, so
hard and tough as to require repeated charges
in same holes before blast would take effect
At the last moment the rock is reported as
presenting a more favorable appearance.'
Work Done. — Holes drilled, 372; holes
blasted, 405; aggregate depth, 2,303 feet; aver-
age depth, 6 71-372; powder consumed, 1,099
lbs : exploders consumed, 506.
Water. — The water which had been running
in at the face through an open fissure, was It ft
behind on 3d inst, when the fissure took a sud-
den turn to the south. On the 2d' inst., 30 in-
ches of water, (a new body,) were struck,
making flow from tunnel $7 jnche3, but this
has since decreased to 71 inches. This is now
utilized for cutting a wagon road through a
high, sandy bluff, near Carson river.
Temperature of air at heading, 790; shaft
No. 1, east, 760; west, 70O; shaft No. 2, east,
78°; west, 80°; mouth, 63°. Temperature of
water at heading, 79°; shaft No. 1, east, 77°;
shaft No. 2, (ast, 79°; month, 75°.
Currents of air pass in at mouth and down
shaft No. 1, up bhaft No. 2..
An Arizona mining company has been organ-
ized in Virginia City,to prospect in Arizona for
precious metals. An expedition will soon be
fitted out under Louis Le Page; twenty-five
men will compose the party.
Chinese Coal and Iron.
From present indications it appears as if the
reports about the Chinese coal fields will
amount to a great deal more than reports after
all. We see by the English papers that Mr.
Henderson, who has passed thirty years in
China, and who is now in England, has been
commissioned by the mandarins in charge of
the arsenals at Tien-tsin and Shanghai, in pur-
suance of instructions from the superintendent
of the Northern Treaty Ports to procure the
necessary plant for working the collieries and
iron mines, and for smelting and manufactur-
ing iron in that province according to the most
approved European methods. He has also
been authorized to obtain the services of com-
petent Europeans to direct the works.
This is quite a step in advance for China
and one which will be also beneficial- to the
Pacific coast. The coal area of China is esti-
mated at 400,000 square miles. In one of the
provinces there are h ds of 30,000 square miles
from twelve to thirty feet thick. Every kind
of coal is said to be found, hard and soft,
bituminous and anthracite. Millions of tons
are gathered by surface mining, but none by
scientific, deep mining. Steam coal, quite
equal in quality to the best South Wales coal, is
said to abound at Chaitang, about forty miies
from Peking.
There is not at present a single coal mine in
China worked on scientific principles. There
is neither steam, engine or pump; and the
smelting of iron is carried ou in the most
primitive manner. Owing to the high prices
which the Chinese have to pay for foieign coal
and pig iron — for the latter sometimes as high
as $50 per ton, the authorities have determined
to utilize some of their coal fields and deposits
of iron ore, and work them in a sys ematic
manner. The fi>ld which has been selected for
brgiuning operations upon, in the southern
part of the province of Chihli is easy of access
and rich in coal, iron and limestone. The-e
mines are about twenty-fire miles from some
small rivers, and to complete the chain of com-
munication, a short railway is to be built. The
proposition is in the first place to supply the
necessities of the national arsenals, but as soon
as convenient manufactured iron of all kinds
will be produced.
The unexpected and rapid progress of the
Japanese has given us some foresight of what
might be expeoted from their neighbors. Coal
or iron in abundance in a place like China
placeB her in an enviable position. The coun-
try is filled with men of ingenious minds and
skillful hands, and as' soon as proper in-
structors are procured there is ho doubt that
the Chinese will aim to do more than supply
their own internal demands. The idea of China
ever becoming a great manufacturing country
has never been dreamed of, but there is now a
likelihood that it will be so.
For California, the development of the
Chinese coal fields is an important thing.
Ships bring coal to us from Caridiff and Liver-
pool, a long and dangerous journey of 20,000
miles, and here are the vast virgin fields of
China only about 6,000 miles away. At tbe
prices we pay in San Francisco for good coal,
a few dollars per ton would make the. greatest
difference to our manufacturing interests, and
it is sincerely to be hoped that the Chinese
coal and iron fields will turn out as well as
expeoted. ;
Land Decisions and Mine Patents.
Among the decisions recently rendered by
the Secretary of the Interior of interest to
miners, is the following: Questions of fact
and extent of conflict between two mineral
lodes cannot be decided by the Department,
but must be left to tbe Courts; therefore, in all
cases, where a. mining patent, is issued for a
claim". A, conflicting with another claim, B,
previously patented, the excepting clause1 in
the last issued patent will 5 read as follows :
"Excepting from this conveyance surface,
ground conveyed to said B company by its
patent, dated , and also excepting from
this conveyance so much of the B lode, if any
there be, as was legally conveyed to the said B
company by its aforesaid patent. "
Secretary Delano has affirmed the decision
of the Commissioner of the Land Office in the
case of Hogdon & Wheeler, against the State
of California, holding that when the sixth and
thirty-sixth sections are coal lands such sec-
tions do not pass to the State of California, by
virtue of the Aqt of March 3, 1873-
The following mining patents have recently
been issued. California — El Dorado county,
—Henry Ho gar and J- H. Straten, German
quaitz mine. W. J, Hale, B g Sandy quartz
mine. John Blair et'. al., Bobby Burns quartz
mine. Placer county — Charles D. Dewey, Han-
cock & Watson quartz mine. John W. Eckley,
Greene Walter quartz mine. J. H. and R. Hos-
kin, Hoskin Brothers' canon, placer. Sonoma
county — J. A. Robinson, et. al., Eugenie
quicksilver mine. San Bernardino county — J.
A. Bobinson, Cynthia gold mine, Amador
county — R. C. Downs, et. al., Pioneer gravel
mine. H. Trueb and J. B. Billiard, placer,
Nevada county — H. B. Tichenor, et. al., Canon
Creek quartz mine. J. M. English, J. M.
English quartz mine. Shasta county — Charles
Camden and Joseph Chitwood, placer. Del
Norte county— Alta California S. M. G. com-
pany, Alta copper mine. Nevada — Storey
county ■ — Bullion mining company, Bull-
whacker lode. Lander county — H. Heyne-
mann, El Dorado lode. White Pine county —
John Shoenbar, Rescue lode. Oregon— Jose-
phine county — H. Carron and J. Harrington,
placer. Jackson county — George Oounders,
Enos A. Wall, et. al., Queen of the Hills mine.
Salt Lake county — Joseph Marion, Rough and
Ready mine, two locations;
Hints on the Washoe Process.
To the last report of the United States Com-
missioner of Mining Statistics, Mr. J. M.
Adams, mining engineer of Silver City, Idaho,
contributes a valuable paper under tbe above
title, which is valuable to all mill men. Mr.
Adams has had great success in the manage-
ment of the W»3hoe process, chiefly due, the
Commissioner states, to great skill and care in
the management of mechanioal details and the
constant and minute supervision of details.
Some of the points he gives are those too often
overlooked by mill men, so that the paper will
be found practically valuable to a large and in-
telligent class of metallurgical engineers. The
article is the result of seven years' experience
in wo: king ores containing silver and gold by
amalgamation in pans without roasting, com-
monly called the Washoe process, in several
mills of which Mr. Adams has had charge,
but principally in the Owyhee mill, at Silver
City, Idaho, which had twenty 650-pound
stamps and sixteen pans. He discusses merely
the mechanic al details of working ores gener-
ally, subdividing the subjeot as follows: 1,
preparation of ore for the stamps; 2, crushing
in the battery; 3, settling of Baud or pulp in
vats or tanks; 4, treatment in tbe pans:- 5,
results obtained in settlers, agitators and con-
centrators; 6, straining the quicksilver, clearing
of amalgam and retorting; 7, saving of slimes
and th~ir bubseq'uent treatment; 8, loss of
quicksilver. This article is written for those
who understand the arrangement of ore
breakers, stamps, tanks, pan?, settlers, etc., so
ihere are no detailed descriptions of machinery,
no discussions of chtmieal reactions, and few
explanations of fundamental principles. It is
assumed that the general arrangement of the
quartz mill is understood; and the question
will be treated how to secure from buch a mill
the greatest economy in working, combined
with the largest results. Mr. Adams intioduces
his subject, however, by a single preliminary
suggestion, namely that there should be double
floors throughout the, mill, so that nothing can
sift through and be lost. We commenoe in this
number of the Pbess the first part of Mr.
Adams' paper, which is ou the
Preparation of Ore for the Stamps.
The more uhifbrm in size the ore is prepared
for tbe stamp's, the more evenly can it be fed
into the mortars. Tbe ore should be so fine
that a single blow of the stamp will be sufficient
to shatter thoroughly each piece of ore. If a
large pieoe is fed into ihe mortar, it may not
be broken up until after several blows or drops
of tbe stamp. Besides a large piece raises
the stamp and reduces by so much tbe fall,
thereby taking away part of the effect, and
consequently diminishing the production. In
prepaiing ore for the stamps, in my first expe-
tience at the Owyhee mill, I used merely rock
hammers. The stamps were dropping sixty times
a minute, and were given 8% inch average drop,
running witbont re-setting till the average drop
was 10 inches. Breaking by hand on average
hard ore, we could not work over 28 tons a
day. Then, by breaking very small by hand,
we increased our production to 30 tins a day.
Bnt afterward, by erecting a Blake's crusher,
the production of the Bam e stamps was raised
to 33 tons a day; by breaking tbe ore very fine
we increased it to 37 tons a day on the same
ore; and finally by accelerating the rate of run-
ning the battery to 93 and 95 drops a minute,
keeping the same higbt of dtop, but using a
coarse screen, we were able to increase our
production to 45 and 48 tons of ore crushed in
24 hours. But in breaking the ore very fine
we found that the lowest end of the die, or
fixed breaking surface in the crusher, Wore
away much faster than the middle or upper
part; but the middle part Was Wasted and lost
to ns except as old iron. We overcame this
by adding to the pattern of the die a projection
on the lowest end, thus increasing the thick-
ness at this place, anoT in this way we were
able to get full wear of the whole die. The
most economical method of preparatory crush-
ing would be to have two breakers, one set
above the other. The mill having, as every
mill should have if practicable, plenty of nat-
ural fall — iri other words, being built on the
side of a steep hill — the first breaker should be
placed above, and set so as to crush to a diam-
eter of two inches. Of course, a long, flat, and
thin piece ■■ might go through, bat at least one
dimension will not be over two inches in diam-
eter. The fine, as well as the coarse ore should
pass through this breaker. When the ore is
dry, let a very small jet of water flow into the
mouth of the breaker, to prevent the dust from
flying. This dust involves a loss and also
injures the machinery. From the first crusher
let the ore pass by chutes into the second.
This should be set so that the breaking surfaces
almost meet at the lower end. From here,
chutes should lead to each battery of ten stamps
'or two mortars. If' the ore 'contains much
clay, it may be necessary to separate from the
massive pieces the fine ore and clay, and deliver
the two latter to the battery floor without send-
ing them through therock-breakers, which the
clay tends to choke up. The consumption of
iron per ton of ore prepared in this way, by
double breaking for the stamps, will be about
0.3 of a pound.
Coal— Relative Value of the Different
Kinds Used on the Pacific Coast.
We give below the results of ^experiments
with different kinds of coal at the pumping
works of the Spring Valley water works of this
oity. These figures were furnished to the
Mechanics' Institute by Charles Elliott, City
Superintendent of the Spring Valley water
works. There were four tubular boilers, two
used at a time, fifty-two inches in diameter by
fifteen feet long; sixty-seven three-inch tubes,
steam drum four feet high, three feet in diam-
eter; grate bars five feet by four feet, worked
with twenty pounds of steam. Two condens-
ing engines, one worked at 'a time, cut-off at
nine inches and ten inches, variable cut-off
regulated by speed of engine; cylinders, four-
foot stroke, forty inches in diameter. Four
pumps, double acting, geared from engine to
make one stroke to 4 368-1000 of engine.
All the pumps are run together. Two pumps,
fourteen inches in diameter, seven feet stroke;
two pumps, twelve inches in diameter, five feet
stroke. Speed of engine, 1,900 to 2,000 revo-
lutions per hour, running continuously.
In these estimates there is no allowance made
for ashes or for waste of coal in any way. All
the coal was weighed accurately, and all the
water measured through a Worthington meter.
The smoke stack is 116 feet high above the
grate bars, square, five feet in diameter at the
bottom aud seven feet at the top; natural
draft. Duty is given for each 100 pounds of
coal in fdot pounds — that is, pounds.raised one
foot high with each 100 pounds of coal.
iV>ay 24th, 1872, Mt. Diablo Screenings. . . .23,000,000 lbs
Juue 24th, 1869 " ** *• Eureka
Mine 23,678,000 "
Deo. 24th, 1870 Mt. Diablo Coal, Black
D lamond 25,751 ,400 "
Sept. Mb, IS 0. Mt. Diablo Screenings,
Union Mine, 6 14-100 pounds of water to
one of coal 25,688,636 "
Feb. 4lh 1870, Mt. Diablo Screenings,
Pittsburg Mine 24,860,450 "
Jar. 6th, 1871, Mt. Diablo Screenings,
Union mine ,,. 28,102,173 "
Sept. Mih, 1870, Mt. Diablo Screenings,
Union Mine, 7 8-100 pounds of water to
one of coal 2"\33S,567 "
June 26th, 1873, Seattle Coal 29,630.000 "
June 5th, 1873,BeUingbam Bay Screen'gs 29,(148,000 "
Dec. 2d, 1873. Welsh Uoal 37,262,000 "
June 18th, 1873, Sydney Coal 38.21ft,700 "
July 4th, 1874, " " .38,889,200 "
Feb. 8th, 1870, Anthracite Coal 37,6i>0,000 "
Nov. 9th, 1870, " y 10 37-100
pounds of water to oDe of coal «j,657,600 "
May 1 4th, 1870, Sydney Coal 40,082,000 "
July 3d, 1869, Nanaimo Coal 32,317,600 "'
Aug, 29th, 1S70, Sydney Coal, ten pounds
of water to one of coal 37,036,184 "
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents reoently obtained through
Dewey & Co.'s Foreign and American Patent
Agency, the following are worthy of mention:
OvEBFLOW AMD SEPARATING ATTACHMENT FOR
Grain Cleanebs.— Michael O'Brien, 113 and
115 Mission street, San Francisco. This pat-
ent relates to an attachment for grain cleaning
devices and a novel mode of employing the
same, by which the inventor is enabled to skim
off or separate all the oats, barley and lighter
impurities from a large body of wheat, so that
in place of running tbe whole quantity through
the cleaners, he separates the great bulk of
olean grains from a very small proportion of
wheat and all the foreign substances, and only
the latter will have to run through the ordin-
ary cleaners. By this means the capacity of
these cleaners can be reduced to about one-
sixth of that now needed. By the means em-
ployed, instead of passing all the wheat
through cleaning machines and separating it
from foreign substances, which would necessi-
tate the use of a number of machines in a mill
of ordinary capacity, the great bulk of the
wheat can be separated in a clean state, and bo
small a residue is left to be cleaned in the or-
dinary manner, that as much can be done with
one machine as with six in the old way.
Tucs Marker. — George Vincent, Stockton,
San Joaquin county, Oal. This invention is an
improved tuck marker, to -be used as an attach-
ment to sewing machines. It consists in tbe
use of a novel creaser or marker, by which the
inventor is enabled to use a single edge or
point, this being attached to an adjusting 'bar
by which the marker can be moved sideways,
or it may be elevated and depressed at pleas-
ure for a heavy or light mark. The marker is
operated by the needle bar, but is independent
of it, so that by the adjusting device, a long or
short stroke can be given &t pleasnre. The
plate of the marker is screwed to the presser
foot, the cloth plate, or the stationary bar .as
may be desired, and the marker is elevated
after each stroke by means of a spring, and in-
dependent of the movement of the needle bar.
A gauge or presser extends to one side of the
plate, and the ordinary gauge on the cloth plate
is set up to it, so that when the work passes
beneath this pressor, it will be held exactly to
its place, against the regular gauge, thus ma-
king the tucks absolutely straight.
Miner's Microscope. — A photograph of the
miner's microscope reoently described in the
Press will be sent to thoBe desiring it on ap-
plication to Henry G. Hanks, of this city.
Any one can then see exactly what this micro-
scope looks like, the photograph giving the
details clearly.
May 15, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
321
Short Lectures on Patents.
No. 4— By Jko. L. Boo icb. of Dewer ft Co'a Mixing utd
Bcramric Pkksb P»teot Agency.
The Patent.
The granting of a patent is the consummation
of a contract between the Government and the
inventor. The Government contract* that in
consideration of the publication of (he Inven-
tion, so that the public may have tin? knowledge
and benefits of it after the expiration of seven-
teen years from the date of its publication, it
will give the inventor the exclusive right to
make, use and sell the same during the said
period of seventeen years. The provisions
upon which this contract is based, are— first,
that the invention shall be new; secondly—
that it shall not have been in pnblio use over
two years; and thirdly— that tbe inventor shall
fnUy and clearly explain the invention sought
to be protected, and describe the best means oj
carrying it into efTeot. In default of either of
these conditions the patent will fail, and be
voidable. It lies with the inventor to fulfill
these conditions, and if he fails he suffers the
consequences. A patent, therefore, is a grun1
or deed based upon certain conditions. The
fact that the patent office grants and issues n
patent is no evidence that it is a good and valid
one. The Government keeps a corps of ex-
aminers at work in the patent office, whose
duty it is to see that the conditions are
fulfilled, as far as possible. This they do by
examining each ca-c as it is presented, for the
purpose of detecting, if possible, whether any
reason can be found to exist for not issuing a
patent. If they discover none, the patent is
issued, but Us validity can be tested at any
time in the United Slates courts, and if upon
proof it be found that the patent was wrongfully
issued, it is pronounced void and of no effect.
A patent is a species of personal property,
known in law as an "incorporeal hereditament,"
that is, it has no body, no taugible form, but
is simply a right out of which profits may aiise
by manipulating it. The manufactured patented
■article, however.isa "corporeal hereditament,"
■because it can be seen and bandied, and has an
■ actual and palpable existence. A patent can-
Inot be seized and sold on executiou to satisfy
la judgment against the patentee or owner.
■Being a grant from the Government, the title
■ to it cannot pass from him without his signa-
ifiture, and the document conveying this interest
Bmust be recorded in the patent ofliee. A sheiiff '»
Hsignature to an assignment, or any other offi-
IcerV signature for that matter, would not con-
Ivey the patent or any interest in it to another
■party. There is one case, however, in which
■the law will compel un inventor or the owner
■of a patent to transfer it to other parties, and
fltbat is in case he posses through bankruptcy,
B either willingly or unwillingly. A bankrupt i-
I supposed to act of his own free will and accord
and for his own benefit, even if he should be
involuntarily adjudged to be a bankrupt, and
IB the condition imposed upon him in order to
tallow him to free himself from debt, is that he
•assign over to his creditors all of his property,
■both real and personal, which is exempt from
(■execution. His patent, therefore, being con-
sidered personal property, and his act being
^considered voluntary and of hie own free will,
(becomes a part of the estate to be assigned.
iThis is both right and just, otherwise a person
{who intended to tike advantage of the bank-
,rupt law could invest large sums of money in
(valuable patents, and thus defraud his cred-
itors.
I A patent can be bought and sold the same as
Many other property, either as a whole or in un-
1 divided interests, as will be hereinafter more
Ifully explained under the head of aBsign-
ments.
A patent consists of & deed signed by the
j Commissioner of Patents and oountersigned by
■the Secretary of the Interior. To it is attached
ja copy of the specification and olaims as pre-
pared and presented by the inventor or his
'(agent, and a oopy, or/ac simile of the drawing
which accompanies the application. Previous
to 3861, all patents werta executed on parch-
■jment, 15x20 inches in size. The patents were
printed as blanks and filled oat by hand. The
1 specifications and claims were copied in man-
jusoript on sheets of parobment, and the draw-
ings were made by hand on tracing linen. Af-
ter March, 1861, the siae of patent* was reduced
to 10x15 inches, and the specifications and
claims were printed instead of being copied by
hand, but linen traoings of the drawings were
still used. In July, 1869, the photo-lithographic
process for printing tbe drawings began to be
used and the linen tracing was done away with.
The size of the patent was then still further re-
duced to 8x13 inches, making it at once much
more neat and convenient than either of the
old styles.
Two independent inventions cannot be cov-
ered by one patent, but if two inventions are
in any way connected together so that one is
necessary to the operation of the other, then
they can both be claimed in one patent.
"An American patent expires simultaneously
with a foreign patent previously obtained for
the same invention, although the American pat-
ent was first applied for." (Corns. Dec. 1869.)
This is for the purpose of giving to the Ameri-
can public the free use of the invention as
soon as it becomes free abroad; and thus
places our manufacturers on an equal footing
with foreign manufacturers. A patent cannot
now be extended after it expires, unless it be
bv a special act of congress. Previ ins to
March, 1861, all patents were issued for a term
of fourteen years, with the privilege of an ex-
tension of seven years more at the end of that
time, provided tbe patentee could show that he
had not received a sufficient remuneration,
considering the value of the invention to the
public, but since that date, all patents are
granted for seventeen years, and no extension
is provided for. The present term is ample.
It gives tbe inventor sufficient time to thor-
oughly exploit it, and at the same time it doe-*
not lay too heavy a burden on the pnblio. A
patent dateB from the day it is issued, and not
from the time the application is made or
granted.
If an inventor loses his patent paper, he
cannot obtain a new one. He can, however,
obtain a certified copy of his patent from tbe
Patent Office, and this certified ropy will have
all the effect of an original patem and will be
recognized in the b&mo manner by the United
States Courts.
If an inventor dies before makirg applica-
Scenery in Colorado.
Very few people were aware before the pub-
lication of the repoit on the Geographical and
Geological Survey of Colorado, by Hiydeu, of
the beanty of the natural scenery in so many
places in Colorado. These reports ate so well
written, and the localities nil describtd with so
much detail, and with suoh excellent engrav-
ings, that it is almost as good as a trip to the
country, to read the reports. A most wonder-
ful region is described from Elk mountain to
Middle Park. The trip down Eagle river was
made principally for the discovery of some
way of access to the mountain of the Holy Cross.
The party were obliged to descend the river
about two miles, and then climb the steep
mountain side over a network of fallen timber.
The obstructions to travel were very great; they
often labored lor a day or two to find some path
to approach the mountniu peak, and were
obliged to cut their way through the fallen
tin bur, and tin illy succeeded in getting within
THE MOUNTAIN OF THE HOLY CROSS.
tion for a patent on an invention which he has
oompleted, bis administrator can proceed with
the application in the name of the deceased,
and tbe patent will be issued for the benefit of
the heirs.
Joint owners in a patent are not partners.
One owner can make use of and sell the
patented articles and sell as many rights
to others to make use of and sell them
as he pleases, entirely independent of the,
other owners, but he cannot sell any greater
interest in the patent than he owns.; Any un-
divided interest in a patent, even a one-hun-
dredth, is a manufacturing interest, and the
person who owns such an interest, has as
muchr ight to make use and sell the patented
articles or machines as the person who owns
the remaining ninety-nine one-hundredths,
Neitner does he have to account to the other
owner for any proportion of the, profits. A co-
partnership agreement, however, can be en-
tered into by the joint owners of a patent so
as to combine the interests and make the
profits mutual.
At the Belcher mine raising up on the air
shaft from the 1,100-ft level is making steady
and favorable progress. "Work has again been
resumed on the upper levels, which have been
abandoned Bince the destruction of the air
shaft. The air is again becoming excellent
4 throughout the entire mine.
about five miles of the base of the peak.
The main maw of the peak, like tbe whole of
the Sawatch Range, is composed of granite
gneiss. The summit of the Holy Cros* is covered
with fragments of banded gneiss. The amphi-
theaters on all sides have been gradually ex-
cavated, and the more or less vertical sides
show the intermediate steps very clearly.
The characteristic feature'of the Mount of the
Holy Cross, as shown in the engraving, is the
vertical face, nearly 3,000 feet on the side, with
a cross of snow, which may be seen at a dis-
tance of fifty or eighty miles, from other moun-
tain peaks. This ii formed by a verticil
fissure about 1,500 feet high, with a sort of
horizontal steps, produced by the breaking down
of the side of the mountain, on which the snow
is lodged and remains more or less all the
year. Late in tbe summer the cross is very
much diminished in size by the melting of the
snow which has accumulated in the fissures
A beautiful green lake lies at the base of the
peak, almost up to the timber line, which forms
a reservoir for the waters from the melting snows
of the high peaks. From this, one of the main
branches of the Roches Moutonne^ creek flows
down the mountain side, forming several
charming cascades in its way. The' worn out
rocks or "sheep-backs," in the valley of the
creek, display most remarkable examples of
the curious workings on the surface of the
gneiss produced by the separation of the differ-
ent constituents of the rocks,
ENGINEERING.
The Removal of Noonday Rock.
The XT. S. Engineers btationed in this city
have their hands pretty full this year on en-
gineering work of interest to the general pub-
lic, as well as the usual routine work on forti-
fications, etc. Among them may be mentioned
the improvement of the Sacramento river,
Oakland harbor improvement, San Diego
harbor improvement, removal of Rincon rook
in San FrnnciBco bay, and removal of Noon-
day rock, outside the entrance to this port.
This latter piece of work was accomplished
on the 7th inst, by Mr. Edward Moore, of Port-
land, Maine, the contractor. Noonday rock is
in the open sea, about three nautical miles to
the northward and westward from the North
Farallone, and about thirty-three miles to the
southward of west from Fort Point, in the open
ocean. Directly over the rock at mean low
water, there were twenty-one feet of water,
although the water close around it, according
to the U. S. Coast Survey, is from twenty to
thirty fathoms deep. The rock was in the form
of an irregular dome with steep sides. The
extreme dimensions at different depths below
the plane of mean low water, were, before the
blast, as follows: At twenty-one feet (the top)
five feet three inches by three feet six inches;
at forty-one feet, twenty-three feet eight inches
by seventeen feet eight inches; at for^y-Beven
feet, twenty-Bix feet len inohes by *#enty fee'
eight inches. Fiom this it will be seen that the
contents above the depth of forty-one feet were
about 125 yards, and that *he cubic contents
above the depth of forty-deven feet were about
200 yards.
The contract for blowing up the rock was
taken by Mr. Moo-e, for the sum of $20,000,
and he came on from the East, bunging with
him his own divers and fort men. Considera-
ble delay was occasioned by a series of acci-
dents to tbe machinery of the steamer Fideleter
which was employed in the work, and by the
fact that three different times the buoys, rope
and all were stolen by ooasters, necessitating
delay in again finding the rock. About sixteen
different trips were made to the rock before the
work was accomplished, most of them, how-
ever, from Sir Fr urn-is Drake's bay, where the
Fideleter anchored at ni^ht.
When it is remembered that the rock lay out
in the open Pacific, on a very windy and rough
part of the coast, where there is always a heavy
swell, the difficulty of the task will be under-
stood. The contractor at first intended to
place his nitro-glyceiiue on the side of the
rock, tiusting to the weight of water for tamp-
ing. Noticing, however, that most of the large
rodis on the coast have in them natural cavities
and sometimes arches, he thought there might
probably be one in Noonday. On examination
tbe divers found a cavity at a depth of fifty
feet from the surface, which exactly suited the
puipoee.
As it was at such a depth below the surface,
and in such an advantageous portion, 800 in-
stead of 3,000 pounds of nitro-glycerine were
used, being fired by tleotricity from a boat
abtut 600 ftet distaut, tbe steamer lying about
half a mile away. In conversation with Mr.
Moore, be stated to the writer that the sight
was a most magnificent one. When the explo-
sion occurred a solid body of water in the shape
of acone wtnt up into the air about 600 feet,
the epray and debris going up about 1,000 feet.
One very large piece of the rock, appart ntly
weighing about 150 tons, was thrown up at hast
500 feet, Btriking ihe water with immense force
and noise. The explosion calmed tbe sea
down within a radius of half a mile, it being
covered with seaweed, sponge, etc., and thous-
ands of fish. Several seals were killed, as were
several tons of fish. A hasty examination after
the blast showed nine fathoms- of water on top
of the rock, although only eight fathoms were
called fur. An official examination has been made
by Lieut. John H. Weeden, of the Corp*s~bf
Engineers, and a report made on therreBult of
the blast. '1 his work was done under the di-
rection of Lieut. Col. 0. Seaforth Stewart, of
1 he Board of Engineers of the Pacific coast.
This formidable obstruction, to navigation has
been successfully rt moved, but unfortunately
there are many others in the same locality
some of which are perhaps more dangerous
than Noonday, and being larger, much more
difficult and expensive to remove.
The yield of bullion of the Consolidated
Virginia mine for this month will not he quite
so great as last, owing to the shutting down of
the Occidental mill for repairs. However, tbe
yield will amount to something over $1,600,000.
The ore stopes on all of the ore-prodncing levels
are not only holding out finely, but promise a
rich yield for months to come. The mine is
now yielding the extraordinary amount of 5G0
tons of ore, the milling value of which is about
$100 per ton. A few dozen mines like this be-
longing to the community might pay the na-
tional debt in a little while.
At the Utah mine, Washoe, a large foroe of
men are constantly employed laying the heavy
stone foundations" and in getting the sill tim-
bers, the pumping machinery and engines
ready to place in position at the very earliest
moment possible.
322
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 15, 1875
banking.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Seligman & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 412 California street.
Authorized Capitallltock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, $1,600,000.
Remainder subject to call.
Directors in London— Hon. HuRh McOulloch, Reuben
D Sasaoon, William F. Sonolfield, Isaac Seligman, Julius
SinBton.
Manaoebb:
F. F. LOW and IOJTATZ STEINHABT.
San Fbanoiboo.
The Bank is now prepared to open acconnts, receive de-
posits, make collections, buy and sell Exebance. and Issue
Letters of Orcdit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on toroper securities. 2vZ7-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAW FKA1I CISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
o.w.KELLoaa I5?™!!~
H F HA8T1KOS M0"°S"
K. N. VAN BRTJNT Cashier.
BANKING; HOUSE,
No. 423 California; street San Brancisoo.
Koukkb Beothees, Bankers,
12 Wm_l STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at ike rate of Four per cent, upo*
daily balances of thid and Currency.
Beceite consignments ol Qoid, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash, advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works,
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FRAHOISCO
4v2Ttf O. MAHE. Director.
Books Published by
A. ROMAN & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Price.
THE RESOURCES OP CALIFORNIA. 3y John
S. Hittell. Sixth Edition, rewritten. "The
most complete and comprehensive work of the
kind."
One volume, 12mo., cloth $1 75
One volume. 12nio., paper 1 26
NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA PROCESSES OF
GOLD AND SILVER EXTRACTION. By Guido
Kustel. The best practical work on the subject.
8ro., cloth 4 00
8vo., leather 5 00
LEGAL TITLES TO MININO CLAIMS AND
WATER RIGHTS IN CALIFORNIA. By Gregory
Yale. 8vo., leather 6 00
TREATISE ON SILK AND TEA CULTURE AND
OTHER ASIATIO INDUSTRIES, Adapted to the
soil and climate of California. By T. A. Kendo.
16mo. cloth 60
SULPHURETS. What they are, how Concen-
trated, how Assayed, and how Worked, with a
chapter on the Blow-pipe Assay of minerals. By
Wm. Barstow, M. D. 12mo., cloth 1
A liberal discount to Booksellers and Newsdealers
from the above prices.
Any of the above works will be sent, postage pre-
paid, on the receipt of the price, by the publishers,
A. ROMAN & CO., No. 11 Montgomery St., S. F
eow.bp
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
Ay
er's Sarsaparilla,
FOR PURIFYING THE BLOOD.
This compound of the
vegetable alteratives, Sarsa-
parilla, Pock, Stillingia and
Mandrake with the Iodides
of Potassium and Iron
makes a most effectual cure
of a series of complaints
which are very prevalent
and afflicting. It purines
the blood, purgeB out the
lurking humors in the system, that undermine health
and settle into troublesome disorders. Eruptions of
the skin are the appearance on the surface of humors
that should be expelled from the blood. Internal de-
rangements are the determination of these same humors
to some internal organ, or organs, whoBe action they
derange, and whose subBtance they disease and destroy.
Aran's Sabsapardlla . expels these humors from the
blood. When they are gone, the disorders they produce
disappear, such as Ulcerations of the Liver, Stomach,
Kidneys, Lungs, Eruptions and Eruptive Diseases of the
Skin, St. Anthony's Eire, Rose or Erysipelas, Pimples,
Pustules, Blotches, Boils, Tumors, Tetter and~ Salt
Rheum, Scald Head, Ringworm, Ulcers and Sores,
Rheumatism, Neuralgia, pain in the Bones, Side and
Heaa, Female Weakness, Sterility, Leucorrhaaa arising
from internaLulcerarion and uterine disease, Dropsy,
Dyspepsia, Emaciation and General Debility. With
their departure health returns.
PREPARED BT
DR. J. C. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL OHEMISTB.
PST Sold by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, "Wholesale Agents
ban franoisco. jyll-sa
uli$ipe&& directory.
JiHtto K. a* vi-.
G-RAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT L.AW
In BnildlnKof Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Cab
I'orniaand Leidesdorff streets.
SAK FRANCISCO.
^DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
^ATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory's Diamond
Catarrh Remedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., opposite Pal ace Hotel. Sold by all drug-
gists.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W, corner Sacramento.
i v i initruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GrlLLOTTS
STEEL FEIST S.
Sold by all Dealers throughout the World.
... .Aniline. ra« muball.
BARTLING- & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Enlers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
&05 Clay .treet, (sonthwest cor. Sansome),
DVl2-3m SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office,'. 716 Clay Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents : Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haigbt. 6v28-3m
Real Estate Agency,
900 Broadway, OAKLAND:
T. B. B1GEL0W, E. BI6EL0W and
WM. K. R0WELJ-.
Parties seeking homes- "or looking for property for
investment in this rapidly-growing city, noted for itB
educational and many other advantages, are invited to
call on the above agents, who have a larRe list of very
choice improved and unimproved property for sale.
They also deal-In FARMING AND GRAZING
LANDS, and invite correspondence from any who
may wish to buy or sell this kind of property.
Apr3-lara-bp
Bronee Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pouods. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
BRAHMAS, GAMES
HOUDANS.
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so aa to hatch after arrivn 1 on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, tiddraBs lL__« __ .„ „ ,
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
Female Complaints should be cured, as they often
an be, by a few doses of Ay er's Sarsaparilla.
Emden Geese
40 to B0 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
Black
CAYUGA DUCKS
.A. M MO IN" '1 A. !
For 'Washing' and Cleaning- Purposes.
For Sale by all Grocers.
This article is universally used in Europe, and, reoenty
introduoed 'for general family use in San Francisco and
neighborhood, is already in great demand. It is now the
intention of the manufacturers to introduce it all ever tbe
Paciflo Ocaet, at prices which will bring it within the reach
of every household.
It is unequalled for cleansing Woolen Fabrics^ Cutlery,
Carpets or Crockery; for Scrubbing Floors, Washing Paint,
Removing Grease Spots, Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water soft, and imparts a delightful sense of
coolness after -washing.
DIRECTIONS.-For Laundry, use two to four tablc-
spooenfnlB toa washtub of water. For bathing, use one
tablespoon ful iu the bath tub. For removing grease 6pots,
apply with a brush, undiluted, and wash with water after-
ward. For stimulating the, growth of plants, use a few
drops in every pint of water need in watering.
PRICE. -Per Pint Bottle, 23 cents; per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents; per Half Gallon, 75 cents.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for chemical pur-
pose, fertilizing, and the preparation of artificial manures,
AMMONIAOAL PREPARATION, for the prevention and
removal of boiler scale. CRUDE AMMONIA, for general
manafacturing, and PTJRB LIQUOR and AQUA AMMO-
NIA for chemical and pharmaceutical purposes.
as* Manufactured by tbe
SAN FRANCISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowbp
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER,
TR,A.r>]ES
MARK.
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice is given to consumers and shippers
that Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or his duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B- RANDOL, Manager,
New Almaden, April Sth, 1875.
PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS,
SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacturers of
I^ii».soe«l and Castor Oils,
OIL CAKES AND MEAL.
Highest price paid for Flax Seed and Castor Beans de
livered at our works.
Office, 3 and 5 Front street.
Works, King street, bet. Second and Third. fel6-eow
Ames' Genuine Chester Emery
^>
Has been reduced from seven cents to six
cents per poand for grains in kegs, flour
and flue flour remaining at four centB per
pound, as heretofore. Important discounts
to the trade. Send for circulars.
E. V. HAUGHWOTJT & CO.,
26 Beekman Street, New York.
SANBORN & BYRNES.
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. 25v8-8m-bp
Self-Fastening
•Bed-Spring.
We manufacture all sizes of BED and FURNITURE
SPRINGS, from No. 7 to the smallest Pillow Spring;
also, the Double Spiral Spring, which is the most dura-
ble Bed Spring in nee. It is adapted to upholstered or
skeleton beds. We have the sole right in this State to
make the celebrated Obermann Self-Fastening Bed
Spring. Any man can make his own spring bed with
them. They are particularly adapted to Farmers' and
Miners' use. Send for Circulars and Price List to
WARNER & SILSBY,
14v28 -eow-bu-3m 147 New Montgomery St., S.
Epilepsy or Fits.
A sure cure for this distressing complaint is now
made known in a treatise (of 48 octavo pages) on For-
eign and Native Herbal Preparations, published by Dr .
O . Phelps Brown . The prescription was discovered by
him in such a providential manner that he cannot con-
scientiously refuse to make it known, as it has cured
everybody who has used it forflte, never having failed
in a single case . The ingredients may be obtained
from any druggist. A copy sent free to all applicants
by mail. Address, Dr. O.PHELPS BROWN, 21 Grand
street, Jersey City, N.J,
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOB SALE OR LEASE!
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
County, 250 acres in extent. For full particulars,
Address J. L. CO AN",
233' Third street,
Or call at 412 Market street.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND -POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to All orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at Bhort notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation iu the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v2fi-tf
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to rill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on handalarge stock of Manila Rope, all sizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TTJBBS & CO.,
e20 611 and 613 Front street, San FranoiBOO
fietalrgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware arid Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assayera
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
—AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies1 sine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
tor Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the .value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be Bpared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam diroctly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows ,
The pan being filled . the motion of the muller foroee
the pulp to the center, where It is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces.—
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
paeseB down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly pasBing aregular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the oro is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal anial-
gam&ted.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed. ■
Mill- men are invited to examine these pahs and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
B. HTJHN,
C. A. 1VCTCKHABDT,
Mining' Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
AIUAKOE8 MAKE
9**11 Kind, of Ore., and pai-Llcalur utlenllot
PAID TO
OON8ISNHKHTII OFOOOOIl.
4vl«-Sm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of tbe Blow-pipe.
HENKY G. HANiS
Will receive afew -pupils at bis new laboratory, 61T
Montgomery street, np-stairs. TERMS MODERATE'
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the TJ. S. Branch Mint, B. F.)
AtSMay©r and '>Cetttlliwgric*L2
CHEMI6T,
Wo. 411 Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint.
8ah Franoibqo Cal. 7v21-Sid
J. & P. N. H A N N A.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY COTTON DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 16-
ounce Duck,
Flax. Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing. Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL,
May 15, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
323
piping Jfacliipejy.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ .>HL1>,
Made by our Improved pro-
C€1t. After many year* of
patient rt-iwarrh ondix|x Timvot
iw hftvo mice*-* ded in produdot
STEEL SHOES AND DIBS I r
QUARTZ
MILLS, I
Streng h,
Dtirabiiily
and
l>*e. ■- I....-
EqWany.
Will wear tbreo times longer than any Iron SI1OC8.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Qnartz Mills, Pans. Fepurators, Coni-entniturH, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Br-akers. Furnicen, EuglucH, Boiler*
andShaitiow. ami Qrneral Mining Machinery in all ite
detail*, and Furnlsbcrtt of alining Supplies.
All orders promptly llllod.
MORBY A: SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y-
Examination aoliclted.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description flee Mindm and Scientific Peesb,
March 6, 1875.
Por Cleaning Quiokallver Before Using- it
for Amalgamation.
Mill. men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IKON WORKS, San Francisco.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1,500 lbe. Has an Iron
frame, rivp moi'I arras with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
whlob strike "J.Of'O blows per minute, in a mortar provided
with screens on both aides, and crushes fine 6ftft lbs. per
hoor. requirinc one-horse power to drive It. Has been
thoroughly tested »o<\ Is guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE. $600.
G. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf
316 California street, San Francisco.
l-lacliipery.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LA.THES, 48 inohes swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for Jobbing and boring: Car Wheels'; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
WM. HAWKINS. T. G. CANTRELL
"THE DANBURY"
DRILL CHUCK.
The Favorite Everywhere*
Send stamp for circular.
The Hull Si Belden Company. Danburyj Ct.
P. S.— These Chucks are now on hand and for salo
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
CRANK PLANERS.
■Superior Design and Workmanship, Extra Heavy (1100 lb.)
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED,
TO PLANE 12x16x15.
|The Hull & Beldeii Company, Banbury, Ct,
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
THE TURBINE.
•', ■
Extra Burr akd Iktuovkd Pattkbns.
PCTNAM MACHINE C O . ,
MiM-m innit
LATHKR, PLANERS), g >R1 M(J MILLS. DBILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS. DOUBLE NOT TAPPIN8
MAOHrNEB, BLOTTING AND 8HAPINO .
MACHINES ON BAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE Sc LACY,
310 California. Street, 8. F
ENGINB8. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided nieritJ. Its Beauty, Compactness,
SlrenQth. Durability, Economy i.s Feel, Lum,' in Hunil.
ling, and Small apace rwquiceLl attract the, Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Bale.
wy Call and aco It or send tor Circulars.
J.M.KEELEa* CO., AKts.306 Cal. St., S.F
pel
m Estimates
■ dcbcriptioi
H cl
[The Hull &
Estimates given for Special Work of every
description. Aro tally equipped with first-
class Machinery ami Tools.
The Hull & Belden Compan7, Danbury, Ct,
IRON AND STEEL
DROP FORGING.
I Of Evcrn Description, at Reasonable Prices.
| The Bull & Balden Company, Daabniy, Ct,
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-horse power. Shnftitur, Pulleys, Hoist Gears,
Quartz Mill-, Water Tanks, Spanish Arastras, Pumps and
Pipes, Hepburn and Belden Pans, and all kinds of Ma-
chinery for >ale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
266 Brannan street, S. F.
Highest cash priacxpaid for all kinds of Machinery.
C'DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
f, IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIN.
■Srautzs Blow Biuvr os Licht, Fast Ob Slow.
B Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1ST5.
|The Sail & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct
ffli$cellap|j$ (Notice?.
IsonPipr
Pipe Fittings & Brass Goods,
AT BOTTOM PRICES.
JAMES L. BARKER,
406 & 408 Market street, S- F-,
HARDWARE AND METAL
Commission Merchant.
' Orders by mail will receive prompt attention
Tnrl3-eow-bp
W. BREDEMEYER,
3XXINIJXG,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. UINEBAL SURVEYOR.
Salt IjaJco, TJ„ T\
Working Plans and Estimates-for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on .Tunnels and the
Sinking of bhafts. P. O. Box 1157.
Britten, l-lolbrcok & Co., Importers of
J^-;3>* ■■• V**^
O^'
^£m
oifloo, and 178 J St.. Sacramento.
^"miilest, Cheapest.
and Most Durable.
THE INVENTOR OF THE
DEXTER WINDMILL
HaK made new and useful Improvements in Windmills,
and now feels confident of having the SIMPLEST,
CHEAPEST, MOST DURABLE, and
ONLY PERMANENT WINDMILL
IN THE WORLD.
Simplest, because it is lesB complicated; Cheapest,
because it never needs repair, standing on a firm i'oun-
datiou; Mobt Oobable, because it is ail under cover,
and has less rigging to get out of order; ONLY Perma-
nent, because thB only Windmill in the world thn* oas
Dever been injured by storms. Hundredu oi people,
who have thought the Dexter perfect, ■will be glad to
observe the SUPERIORITY OF THE TURBINE over
1 11 predecessors. Although much improved, the price
of mills remain the same as formerly. Persons who
ftudy their own interest will investigate the TURBINE
before purchasing any other.
Territory for sale outside of California, at reasonable
rates and easy terms.
Mills Built to Order of the Beet Material,
and, at the Shortest Notice.
ByFor further information regarding Mills or Terri-
tory, address,
A. H. SOTJTHWICK,
P. 0. Box 1385, San Franciffoo; or
P. O. Box 25, Oakland, Cal.
mrl3-lam-bp
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the, best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch,, -satisfaction, post
less than elsewhere. - .
WELLS, RUSSELL <fe CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets,
3v2S-3m-sa
THEDR. BLY ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
1t36 Teliaitta Street*
COR. OF TTHlRD, BETWEEN HOWARD & FOLSOM
THE "ANATOMICAL LEG" WITH A UNIVERSAL
ankle motiou; the. above cut- is its illustration. This
artificial leg approaches so much nearer an imitation
of the functions of nature than any other, that itvtands
witbont a rival among all the inventions in artinicial
legs, old or new. (The very latest annouced new in-
ventions duly considered.)
Address MENZO SPRING,
166 Tehama street, S- F., Cal.
6v30-lam-hp-3m
THE PACIFIC COAST
12 Per Cent.
COIsTSOLS.
Interest Payable Monthly, in Gold and
Silver.
A MINING, REAL ESTATE AND LAND
COMPANY.
Incorporated February 12th, 1875.
Capital Htook, 8^7,000,000.
IN C0N80L SHARES OF $1 BACH,
Of which 13.500,000 shares constitute the Sinking and
Investment Fund. Interest payable monthly at the
rat* of 12 per cent, per annum. Certificates of CON-
SOLS sban r reel vable at their par value In exchange
for any Mining, Real Estate or Landed Property of tho
Company.
Directors :
T. PHELPS, W. R. REYNOLDS.
B. M. FETTER, L. K. GOODMAN.
J. H. BATES.
Certificates of CONSOLS only issued at the rate and
proportion of 60 per cent, of the cash valuation of
property to be represented in CONSOLS shares. Divi-
dend paid Troni profits and aaleB of property, and only
on shares of CONSOLS that have been Issued for prop-
erty valued and entered on the books of the Company.
Frinoipal Office, 526 Kearny Street.
Principal Depository Agency, Greenbaum'B Bar1- 306
Montgomery Btreet. After May let, office reir-'™* to
306 Montgomery Btreet..
Depobitory Agencies for payment of intent on CON-
SOLS will be established in the princf** cities in the
United States and CanadaB, aqd In L'JOon, as when re-
quired.
Interest payable on the 5th of -acl1 month at any De-
pository Agency of the Comply-
Certificates of interesUK-ring CONSOLS, Olasa A,
First Series, issued for fining Property in Washoe,
Storey and Lyon count^s and on the Comstock Lode,
in Nevada, will be r-ady for delivery to subscribers
end purchasers on »f before April 10th 1876.
OrderB for not *es8 than one hundred shares of CON-
SOLS, with tfcs purchase money required ($1 per
share), may !»© sent through Wells, Fargo & Co.'s, at
our expend. No certificate of stock issued for less
than twenty shares. All orders must be addressed,
■'Office af the CONSOLS M, R. E. and L. Company, 62b
Kearny street, San Francisco."
T. PHELPS, President
apr3-sa-bp W. 8. REYNOLDS, Secretary.
^SAPONACEOUS .^5
, SEND TOR
CIRCULARS
I CONTAINING
IP'RECT.OKS j
\/uRJTS USE j
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot iu Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Shoep.
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred sheep,
so that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore been used by formers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, giving
full directions for its use, alno certificates of prominent
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective and reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
Averill Chemical Paint,
MAMr/FAOTUItED BY THE
Cal. Chemical Paint Co.
PURE WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY FOR
APPLICATION— requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not spoil by standing any length of time.
It is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces "a more"Beautiful Finish than the beBt of any
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Orftok, or Peel off, and will
last twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, Bfcate Whether for Outside or In-
side use, as we manufacture an InBide White {Flat) for
Inside use, whioh will not turn yellow, and produces
a finish superior to any other White known.
Put up in 3ti, 'A, 1,2 and 5 gallon packages, and in
BarrelB. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price List, or applv to the office.
OFFICE and DEPOT: FACTORY:
117 Pine Street, ntar Front. Cor. 4th & Townsend 8ts.
3v9-eow-bp-ly
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Eearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
fheir Signs Painted at contraot priceB, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Gents'Furnish'g- G'ds,
Merchant Tailors,
Bootmakers, •
Hatters,
Hotels,
Furniture Dealers,
Jewelers,
Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants, Etc., Etc
Pubohabebb plen.Be say advertised in Scientific PreBS.
324
MINING AND . SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May is, 1875
Sales at S. F. Stock Exchange.
FRIDAY,*. m„ May 7.
255 Alpha... ....21&@
255 Betoher .. i..-32@
390 Best & BeIoher.....52@
150 ;do ..b5..52..
965 Bullion ! 54@63
20 ..do blO "
200 ..do b5..1M
915 Cornucopia \H
100 Constitution 1
2600 Cosmopolitan ..27^@25ci
145 Eureka Oori 38@39
30 Eureka GV 7
10 Empire 1 2>£
- Gila. 3#WW
60 Confidence .20 K4^ Golden Chariot".;. .7@7«
1685 California 60X361
210 ....do b5..ft>£@6l
220 Chollar 72@73*
185 Con Virginia. . -452M
865 Crown Point. .
15 ......do
30 Daner.. ........
10 Kmpire Mill...
395 Gould AOurry
155 Hale ft Norcross.40®U>£
271 Imperial SH"
105 Justice....
125 Kentuck--
'i2J0 Mexican..
50 ....do
3125 Ophir ,
50 ..do ...
50 ..do a 30. .75
975 Overman 70@6-
385 Succor 75c@l
120 Savage \W®\VM
775 Sierra Nevada..l2M@lRi
1455 Union
445 Yellow Jacket
..120
....14«@U
. . .25@24«
.,b 5..243i
...733*@75
..b 30. .76
• ■T<m7
m
3
...2.^
. .87'i.c
-....2tf
AFTRRNOON SESSION,
260 American Flat.i...9@9X
2500 Andes "
250 Belmont
315 Baltimore Con...6^@6X
350 Buckeye
30 Caledonia
970 Cornucopia...
300 Condor
11 Challenge
£A ' '03111 opolitan
2K Dayton
,50 ^danelles......
IpO El Do^do Sooth
85 Eclipse..
635 Gila V
100 Globe .'."
675 Golden Chariot
50 Ida Ellmore. ,...".
350 Jefferson
470 Julia
100 KKCon
20'> Knickerbocker Z%(>
95 Lady Bryan 5®$
510 Leopard 16®1*
80 Lady Wash \%
2<>0 Leo ^....1
280 Meadow Valley.
100 Mahogany
50 Mides >u
110 New York 2@ljf
360 N Carson 5
50 OrigGold Hill 1%
200 Occidental 3 ■' .<a 3£
55 Pioobe..... 3' a: ^
300 Prussian 4§4>6
200 ....do s 30. .4*6
420 Poormau 7@*?s
50 Phil Sheridan 1
400 Pioneer 1
6W Pro-peot b5..4
361 Hayinond&Ely....48@43
265 Rye Patch 2<a:\K
300 Rock Island 5 ft @ ■-' ■■
300 Sour.h Chariot. .:2:Uw2':*
360 S Hill Hi i -\i ,'.,
100 Senator 1
2(H) South Oal 2
190 Utah m5%
425 Woodville. 2ffl > i ;.
150 "War Eagle 5
250 Webfoot 75c
SATURDAY, a.m., Mai 8.
155 Alpha 23322*6
100 ..do ...b 30..2J3I
195 Belcher 33@32
299 Best A Belcher.. .5J&52*.
500 Buckeve 7ftc
105.5 Bullion 55@57
440 Bdl Con 6@6^
325 Crown Point 33»@3S
1215 California 61@61 J*
235 Chollar 72Jfi Wi --,
215 Caledonia 18M@l9
120 Confidence 21
105 Con Virginia 4511
110 Eureka Con 39@37!i
80 Empire Mill 6@6ii
275 Globe IS
320 Gould & Ourry.. .20'-i''""
200 Hale ft Norcross. :.40(
555 Imperial 8W@Bi«
190 Juiia mm
55 Justice 120
170 Keniuck Ifi&MM
100 Lady Bryan *%
100 Meadow Valley 4J$
1375 Mexican 25-. 3)24
3035 Ophir 7*W*h«
725 Overman , 64@6i
50 ....do ..b30..67**
305 Raymond ft Ely. 52>5@4V
50 Ao s30. .52
12* Savage 1I8@U3
270 SierraNevada .*.\2mft\i
5 Seg. Becher .11W
300 Succor 1
815 Union 7M@73j
220 Yellow Jacket... 8Wft@6C
20 ..do b30..81i:
MONDAY, a. m., Mat 10.
40 Alpha 22@31>£
705 American Elafc. . .9Sfi@8Ji
300 do h 30. .9*4
200 Best 4 Belcher.
155 Bolcher.... __ _
70 ..do b 10..3i:: ;'.
510 Bullion 57' <r
90 Buckeye .75c
290 Baltimore Con 6
85 Bacon 5
305 Chollar
246 Crown Point..
35 Confidence.....
80 Con Virginia. ..452369453
685 California blS@61
100 ....do D30..62
10 ....do bl0..6l&
115 Caledonia..,, """
25 Dardanelles..
365 Dayton
500 Eclipse 6
10 Exohequer b 30. .290
35 Empire Mill 6M@6
305 Gonldft.Ourry...20@2lR
20 Globe lj
170 Hale ft Nor 40@89>_
620 Imperial &•%
20 Ida Ellmore ...1%
1082 Jefferson 9^@10
335 KKCon 3
975 Leopard 15@16
15*1 ..do b30..16«
200 ..do. b5..l6'4
360 Lady Washington. ...1J£
500 M Valley 7«<2>S
100 ...do b 5. .8
200 Mansfield 6&
100 Mahogany. 9
100 Mint.... 30c
400 Maryland 2M
350 N C arson 17'i
550 Niagara 30o
750 OrigGold Hill 3@J>6
730 Poorman 8
50 Pioche i 3K
200 Pauper 2>£
150 Panther. 1»
100 Prussian 4
615 Prospect 4
200 Pioneer 1J£
260 Raymond ft Ely. ...53@5l
2-20 Rye Patch 2
700 S California 2
3950 Seg Gold Hill 2@2%
S50 South Chariot... 25i@2¥
100 do,.. b 10. .2*1'
200 Webfoot 75c
30 War Eagle 43*
400 W ft Creole. . .t7,vB@*>2J<c
1550 Wella-Fargo 25o
TUESDAY, a,m , May 11.
130 Alpha 22@2l«
395 American Flat. ...9>s(&lu
200 Alta 4tffl$4
330 Belcher 32(gJ31&
395 Beat ft Belcher. . .52«®52
130 BaliimoreCon.. 6i4@°3$
17 Ba^on 5
575 Bullion .....55J£@57
760 Chollar 7315)75
620 Crown Point 33®32^
50 do blO.,33
10 do b30..33>fe
20 Confidence 12
»W California 60>£@6l
!«• Caledonia 18(5/18M
230 Bftyton 3
1U Exchequer 295
15(1 Goum & Curry. . .l9ft@Z0
650 Globe. l^
45 Hale A KorcrosP aa
225 Imperial..,
20 Justice 122S120
250 Julia ....SJjiL
110 Knickerbocker^ 35
250 Keniuck....
225 Lady Bryan
675 Mexican
185 New Yorn..
30 Occidental.
3l»5 Overman...
50 ..do b5..66
950 Ophir 7d^@T7.^
lilO ..do b5..78
2.50 Rock Island 6
35 Senator 1
175 Savage 10!@103
10 ..do b30..'"'
26J S Nevada
180 Succor
105 S Hill
455 Union
120 Utah
970 Woodville
45 Y Jacket
AFTERNOON SESSION.
125 American Flag 2->«
970 Andes 4«@4,76
365 Belmont 4
250 Condor lMtS'M
350 Cornucopia I1--
1500 Coaroopolitan.. 32^@45o
60 Eureka Con 38^37%
280 G Chariot 7Jfj®7*4
305 Gila 33*@4
100 Ida Ellmore 'i.%
950 Jefferson 10@10|1
220 KKCon %%S1}1
295 Kossnth l>fi
575 Leopard 13,}£@14
50 ....do b4..139^
100 L^dy Washington.. ..1^
400 Meadow Valley.. 7^@7^
150 Mansfield 6%
85 Mahogany 9@10
585 Mint 30@j5o
340 Maryland 1
200 Niagara 25ffl22J£c
500 N Carson.... . . .\l%iM,\)n
150 OrigGold Hill 3<4
430 Poonnon 8
150 Prussian :.»■'■..
UuO Panther 2®1%
400 Prospect 4
400 Pioneer 1M
205 Raymond ft Ely. .50(450^
25* do b30..52
300 Rye Patch 2
1625 SGUill 2@a>8
100 S Chariot 2%
100 Tyler 75c
ISO War Eagle 4&@4%
75 ....do b 5..4M
950 Wells-Fargo ....25c
350 Webioot 75o
WEDNEBDAY a. M. Mat 12.
AFTEKSOON SESSION.
110 American Flag..2?4@2H
510 Andes 4W@43j
380 Belmont 3£»8#
370 Cornucopia Mim\%
250 Constitution 87Mc
3700 Cosmopolitan. ...50@75c
300 Condor l^S^M
465 Eureka 37^96^
40 Empire, 1 2S
420 Gila 4@4jj$
1120 G Chariot .7@6%
590 Jefferson. 9&@9W
ISO Kossuth ........l?;i
270 Leopard 13«
100 Leviathan ]%
415 Meadow Valley. ...7M®7
200 Mansfield «®6M
70 Mahogany £-i"JS*
25 ..do-.- b5..9>S
565 Mint
110 Knickerbocker \i'4
40 Kentuck.
255 Lady Bryan... 5^@6
1145 Mexican 2fttf@2S7&
60 ..do b 5. .25^(5)25^
100 ..do.: b3y..26^
90 New York 2
400 Occidental 3@3j<
2335 Ophir. 8i@76
20 ..do. b 5. .79
575 Overman 65
100 do b 30.66
100 Phil Sheridan B7^c
220 Rock Island ~.6
IKS Savage m.a-nr>
10 Sierra Nevada 12
50 Succor..... 1%
65 Silver Hill ll@llfe
315 Union 1%®'\%
40 Utih 6
865 Woodville 3fT
115 Yellow Jacket
50 do b 30..82>£
AFTRRNOON SESSION.
525 American Flag 2JS
590 Andes 4?a@4 H
275 Belmont 433%
125 Condor ljfrf'"
100 ..do b 30:
50 Maryland 75c
125 OrfgGoidHin.!";',".2X
50 Pioche 3
25 Prussian ..*
225 Pantber....". 1%
1540 Poorman 1 8
309 ....do 9 15. .8
100 ....do b30..8?6
200 Prospeot blu..4
20 ....do 3ii
300 do b5.i4
220 Raymond & Ely....47@49
35 Rye Patch 1W@|^
465 S Chariot 2j£@2J4
1U0 B R Island .75c
3'55 S GHiU -...2@2^
300 Tiger «.75o
500 Webfoot 75c
125 War Baffle 43f@4.^
320 "Welle-Fargo.. " "
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THIS COMPARED.
THURSDAY, A.JS., Mat 6
595 American Flat.
5tt ..do b30..9J£
130 Alpha 20r""'
30 Alta
746 Best & Belcher.. 50(
50 do b;
500 Belcher 30' ,
565 Bullion 5l@K
100 ..do b 5..52
150 ..do b30..52ii
225 Buckeye 75c
25 Bacon 6
ISO Baltimore Con 5M@6
390 UhoUar 73(371
445 Crown Point... 31^@32M
IDS Confident 1„..l9
&5 Con VirKinia,442'B@441'i,
2175 California. 59,^{a603ii
150 ....do b5..60^@60M
100 ....do 6 30T.6U
300 ....do -....a 90. .60
255 Caledonia 17«@I8
435 Dayton 3
250 Eclipse ..6
90 Empire Mill 6
320 Giobe IH&M6
185 Uould & Ourry.l9^#9M
225 Hale <fe Norcrosa. . .36(^5
10 do b30..36
10 Imperial 8>£
310 Julia.... th@7
240 Kentuck liM-l"' .
50 ....do B5..14
170 Knickerbocker 3
200 Lady Bryan %m%
685 Mexican 24M
30 ..do bft..24M@i4i
230 New York..
250 Occidental.
1400 Ophir
50 ..do
50 ..do
20 . do
275 Overman...
30 ....do
200 Savage.... lOOfiJOiia
30 Sien-d Nevada 11M
25 S Belcher 90@92
320 SHill nSw
200 Senator 1
215 Succor 1M@1>6
1330 Union Con VAmVA
975 Woodville 2M@3
60 ....do b 10. .3
10 Yellow Jaoket 78
S '
405 Alpha
290 Am Flat
680 Bullion \*@PV£
480 Best A Belcher53X@g2ji
160 Baltimore Con...6^t@bi)j
200 Belcher 3i@3_3^
300 Buckeye .'5c
330 Crown Point ,HK
50 Caledonia aMWQ
320 Chollar Potosi...75@'5J4
1580 California ta&^
380 Confidence :lj^>
99 Con Virginia 456@460
100 Emmre Mill 6XMM
50 Dardenelles ....3
480 Gould A Curry 20@21
220 Hale k Norcross. . -4l@42
235 Imperial %%<m%
30 Justice Jf5
2D Julia ;:;;^H
135 Kentuck...: WQ}}
50 Knickerbocker X3M
130 Lrdv Bryan 5J4@5^
595 Mexican 26@26^
50 New York i:«!i;£
3055 Ophir 81>g@MiS
435 Overman ^"'fi
50 Occidental
100 Rock Island ..,--.
140 Savage 1?5®-1?2
380 Sierra Nevada... 12^13)13
10 Seg Belcher '00
490 Succor ::%;--'l
240 Silver Hill ll@lttfi
30 Senator. -AH
770 Union Con 73i@8
50 Utah 6
500 Woodville 3
360 Yellow Jacket... 77>fi@76
AFTEENOON SESSION.
400 American Flag 2'-
990 Andes 45i@4«
330 Belmont 4H
400 1'ondor .1
560 Eureka Con 36&@37.
200 El Dorado S --75C
20 EurekaGV 8
50 Empire 2Jft
101o Golden Chariot. .6&@7J4
200 Gila - m
100 IdaEllmore 3
20 Kossuth \)&
115 KKCon.... 2
360 Leopard 157&rall6>^
170 Lady Wash 1M@I"
140 Leo
240 Meadow Valley. .7 ^7^
270 Niagara 26@30o
450 N Carson 20@25c
400 OrigGold Hill.. 3M@3>£
50 Prospect $%ai4
400 Poorman 1H
45 Pioche 3J£
310 Raymond .t Ely....48@50
130 Rye Patch 2
2270 SGHill 2
900 South Chariot 2%@3
9<M) Wells-Fargo 25i.@30o
i60 War Eagle.. 5
THURSDAY, a.m., Mat 13.;
290 Alpha 20®20^
235 Baltimore Con 6@6^
420 Best A Belcher 49
340 Belcher 28@29
1375 Bullion 48@50
70 Caledonia..: IT*.
530 Crown Point 29^@i0
505 Chollar 70@72
150 Confidence 18@I8H
210 Con Virginia 429@432
1248 California 565f@58
60 Daney 1
35 Kmpire Mill 7
20 Exchequer .275
130 Hale & Noroross... 35@37
425 Gould & Curry.. .18»18M
375 Globe..: l^@lSa
355 Imperial 8
125 Justice 110^115
480 Julia 7@7H
160 Kentuck 13>£@l3M
50 Knicker 2?o
210 Lady Bryau........4'S)4;4
840 Mexican 22MSI23
2350 Ophir 65M@6S
415 Overman 5S@61
145 Savage
230 S Nevada
195 Silver Hill....
315 TTnion Con
635 Utah
85 Yellow Jacket
....5>S@6
77
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY*
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S, F. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
American Flag M A M Co Washoe
American Flat M Co Waeh.oe
Baltimore Cona MOo washoe
Belmont M Oo Nye Co Nevada
Booth GM Co . m Cal
Caledonia S M Co Washoe
Chariot Mill A M Co San Diego Co Cal
Chief of the Hill M Co Washoe
Ohollar-Potosi M Co Washoe
Daney G & 3 M Co Washoe
Europa M Co Washoe
Gold Mt G M Co Bear Valley Cal
Hale 4 Norcross S M Co Washoe
Huhn A Hunt 8 M Co Ely District
Ida Ellmore M Co
Julia G & S M Co
J ustice M Co
Knickerbocker M Co
Lady Bryan M Co
Lady Washington M Co
MintG ASM Co
Monitor Belmont M Co
New York Cons M Co
New York M Co
Niagara Q& S M Co
Pioche S M Co
Prussian OASMOo
Havmond & Ely M Co
Savage M Co ■
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Silver Cord M Co
South Chariot M Co
South (''(linstock G A S M Co
Succor M it M Co
Woodville Cons S M Co
Yellow Jacket S M Co
Location. .No. Ami. Levied. DeXmtfnt. Sale.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1175 Andes 3(g ..
350 American Flag 2ii
SCO Belmont 3®3M
20 Challenge "
2600 Cosmopolitan 75&
700 Cornucopia 1%
100 Condor 1M
250 Dayton 3
1040 Eureka Con 39^40
100 El DoradoS 87.^
3U Empire 2H
20 'Eclipse 6
385 Golden Chariot.. ..6@6}£
310 Jefferson. 8@3>£
300 Kossuth 1M
300 KKOon 2K_OS£
300 Leopard 14@14>S
300 Maryland 1
700 Mint 2S@30c
20 Mahogany 9
100 Mansfield 514
235 Meadow Valley.. 7M@7?a
51' North Carson 20c
450 Niagara 10@15c
570 New York l%Bm
100 OrigGold Hill. ..2M§27fe
•180 Oooidental 2«@8
15 "0 Pioneer VA@V4
400 Prospeot 4
880 Poorman 7>fi@7?.f
650 Panther 176
605 Ray A Ely 44^@45
2U0 SOhariot ...*'A
1350 SG Hill 2'4
100 Tiger 5"o
llii Woodville 27b@3
600 War Eagle 4%
The Mining Stock Market.
Mining stocks, instead of having recovered
from their continued dullness, seem to have
got worse. A very marked decline is apparent
in nearly all descriptions of stock, as our tables
show. Ophir, the great leader of the market,
has tumbled down to $65.50, the lowest figure
reached since February. Everything else is on
the same level, Comstocks and all. The cause
of the fall in Ophir last week was that on the
1600-foot level a winze has been sunk to the
depth of thirty feet perpendicularly, which, at
that depth, with the ledge pitching to the east,
naturally cut through the rich ore and passed
into the low grade lying next to the west wall
of the ledge, causing a considerable drop in the
price of the stock. This cutting into the poor
ore with this, winze was nothing more than was
expected, and does not in the least affect the
intrinsic value of the mine; still, the ways of
the stock market are past finding out, and it is
difficult to tell why the decline has occurred.
The Gold Hill News states that the truth of the
matter is that no large and extensive body of
rich paying ore has yet been developed in the
Ophir mine. Some tolerably wide seams of it,
however, are met with, and this one at the
1600-foot level is one of the most promising,
but it is not so extensive in any direction
that drifts, cross-cuts or winzes cannot run out
of it. The dip east allows the winze to run
through it into low grade ore next to the west
wall.
For dividends this mouth so far we have the
big one of the Consolidated Virginia, of $10
per share, aggregating $1,040,000; the fifth
dividend of the Empire (Grass Valley) mine,
of fifty cents per share; the Jefferson (No. 2),
of fifty cents per share; and the Manhattan
(No. 1) of $1 per share. How long the present
depression in stocks will last of oourse no one
can tell, but it seems to be getting worse and
The Overman new pumping machinery is
working very well, the water being fast
drained from the shaft. There is no doubt
but that the present powerful machinery will be
amply sufficient to not only keep down the
water, but to drain any body that may be tapped
while prosecuting the work of sinking.
Thoughtlessness. — Persons sometimes return their
paper, marked "stop this paper." Their Dame being
pasted on the sheet they think that is all we need to be
able to cross their names oft Now that is thoughtless-
ness. Tour P. O. address is needed as much as your
name. We have thousands of names arranged only
according to locality. Our mailing clerk does not know
Where everybody liyeB.
46
_. Jl
Tdaho 17
Washoe 22
Washoe 14
Washoe 12
Washae 7
Washoe 3
Washoe 10
Nevada
Washoe 13
Washoe 4
Washoe 1
ElyDistriot 9
Waehoe 4
Pioctie 4
Washoe 8
Washoe 41
Idaho 9
Idaho 13
Washoe 2
Washoe 11
Washoe 1
Washoe 20
50 Mar 26
1 00 April 10
1 00 April 12
1 00 May 10
15 Mar 31
3 00 May 10 .
2-5 April 17 May a
25 Mar 26 May 21
6 00 April 14 "*
50 Mar 22
25 April 14
50 May!
5 00 April 13
50 May 7
1 00 April 29
2 00 May 12
3 00 Mar 18
1 50 April 27
1 00 May 10
50 '
20 __
50 Marl6
1 00 April 22
I 00 April 22
50 April 16
1 00 May 3
50 Mar 24
5 00 April I
5 00 April 27
1 00 May 3
1 00 April 21
50 Mar 30
25 April 9
50 Aprils
1 00 Mar 25
5 00 April 7
M*y4
May 14
May 19
June 14
May 3
June 12
May 18
April 28
May 20
June 5
May IB
June 15
June 4
June 15
April 20
May 29
June 10
April 17 May 21
May 12 June 16
' • Anrilig
May 21
May 25
May 19
June 10
May 3
May 10
May 31
June 5
May 31
May 4
May 12
May 13
Anril 28
May 11
May 28
June 2
June 7
July 6
May 25
JuTyl
June 14
May 27
June 8
May 20
June 8
Jnlyl
June 9
July 9
June 25
July 3
May 20
June 18
June 29
June 8
July 9
May 17
June 12
June 12
June 8
Julyl
May 22
June 5
June 19
June 21
June 21
May 25
May 31
June 3
May 17
June 11
Secretary. Place of BitstineB*.
Geo R S oinney 320 California at
" 331 Montgomery fit
331 Montgomery sfc
402 Montgomery «t
320 California sfc
O A Sankey
C A Sankey
O H Bogart
Gen R spinney
R Wegener
F Swift
Ch-rlesSNeal
W E Dean
Geo R Spinney
R B Noyea
J P Cavallier
J F Lightner
T L Kimball
C B Hlggins
A Noel
J S Kennedy
J H Sayre
F Swift
H O Ktbbe
X> A Jennings
W vr Hopkins
H O Kibbe
H O Kihbe
W R Townsend
O E Elliott
R H Brown
J W Oolburn
EB Holmes
R Weeener
O B Hi=gins
O H Bogart
J M BofBngton
W H Watson
W M Helman
G W Hopkins
414 California at
419 California 8 1
419 California sfc
419 California st
320Cnliforniast
419 California st
513 California st
438 California et
409 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 California et
Merchants' Ex
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California at
419 California et
401 California sfc
■!1 1 'r California at
419 California st
419 California sfc
340 Pine sfc
419 California st
402 Montgomery st
418 California sfc
4Ui California sfc
414 California et
402 Montgomery st
402 Montgomery sfc
Merchants' Ki
302 Montgomery sfc
401 California sfc
Gold Hill Nevada
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alhambra QMOo Sonoma Co Cal" 1
Alhambra Q M Co . Oal 1
Annie Belcher Quioksilver M Co Cal 1
Benjamin M & M Co Lyon Co Nevada 2
Booth G M Co Plaoer Co Oal 1
California Oooa-M & MOo Oal '
Cherokee Flat Blue Gravel M Oo Cal M
Chicago Quicksilver M Oo Oal 1
ChrysopoliB G & S M Oo ' Washoe 10
Cincinnati G& S M Oo Cal 4
Coe G M Oo • Grass Valley Oal 1
Combination G & S M Oo Inyo Co Cal 6
El Dorado Slate Oo Oal 2
EmrJire&Middleton OonsQMOo Cal 1
Enterprise Cons M Oo
Excelsior Q M Oo
Geneva Cons S M Co
.Geyser Q S M Co
Golden Crown M Co
Gold Ron M Oo
Illinois Central M Oo
Internntional G M Co
Kentucky O A S M Co
Magenta S M Oo
Mariposa L 4 M Oo .
Martin & Walling M t M Co Ca!
Missouri Q M Oo Sonoma Oo Oal 1
Monumental M Co Washoe 1
New York Cons M Oo Washoe 13
North Bloomfleld Gravel M Co Cal 37
OmegaTubleMtMOo Oal 5
OrleansM Oo _ Graes Valley Oal
Oal
Cal 1
Nevada
Oal 1
Oal 2
Nevada Co Oal 11
Idaho 2
Oal 1
Washne R
Grass "Valley Cal 2
Oal 1
Rocky Bar M Co
Silver Central OonsM Co
Silver Peak M Oo
Silver Sprout M Co
South Overman S M Oo
Stanislaus Rivr M Oo
St Helena G .t S M Oo
St Panl G &, S M Co
TTnion Gravel M Co
Virginia Con- M Co
Weaverville D & H M Co
VPashoe
Waehoe 1
WaBhoe 6
Cal
Washoe 2
Cal 5
Napa Co Oal I
Napa Oo Oal 1
Nevada Co Oal 10
Inyo Oo Oal
Cal "
Woodville G A S M Co Washoe
Wyoming G M Co Nevada Co Oal
Zacatero G M Co Calaveras Co Oal
5 May 10
5 Mar 21
20 April 10
10 April 14
15 Mar 31
50 April I
5 April 23
10 Aoril9
10 May 7
10 Mar 17
Ml April 23
10 April-22
25 April 26
10 April 17
25 Mar .0
25 Mar 20
25 May 13
50 Mi»15
5 Mar' an
15 April 7
50 Mar 22
15 Mar 2
20 Maris
50 April 9
1 00 MarlO
50 April 24
25 April 16
25 April 17
1 00 April 22
1 00 April 14
1J£ April 30
1 00 April 27
10 April 22
5 May 10
50 Mar 29
5 Feb 17
50 May 11
40 April 1
20 April 17
10 April 17
1 00 May 8
10 April 21
1 00 May 4
1 00 Mar 25
35 MayU
10 April 27
June 10
Anril 26
May 12
May 22
May 3
May 3
May 29
May 10
June 10
April 28
May 26
May 27
May 27
May '28
April 24
April 26
June 14
April 23
Mayl
May 10
Anril 27
May 5
A"ril 28
May 13
May 13
May 25
May 17
May 19
May 25
May 12
Junes
June 1
May 27
June 15
May 6
April 17
June 12
May5
May 20
May 20
June 14
June 1
June 7
April 25
June 12
June 3
June 16
May 15
May 31
June 1 4
May 25
May IB
June 19
May 31
June 29
May 17
June 16
Jnne 18
June 11
June 17
May 18
May 15
June 30
May 16
May 20
June 4
Mav 20
May 21
Mav 22
June 1
June 7
June 15
June 7
June 8
June 12
June 6
June 28
June 22
June 17
July fi
May 28
June 17
June 29
May 22
June 10
June 10
July 6
June 28
July 7
May 17
June 30
June 21
R Von Pflster
R Von Pflster
J M Bufflngton
L Leavitt
G R Spinney
J W Tripp
O H Bogart
G R Oofctrell
A Noel
Wm Small
A Treadwell
D Wilder
Hugh Elias
J G Riley
F J H ermann
R Von Pflster
TTMilliken
Ford H Rocers
Daniel Buck
CO Palmer
R H Rrown
J M Bufnng'ou
R Ooldsmith
i. Kaplan
L Leavitt
B F Hickox
F H Rogers
WR Townsend
H O Kibbe
Th^« Derby
D Wilder
Geo P Thurston
J P Cavallier
L Hermann
G T Graves
T B WinRard
D Wilder
W Stuart
R Von Pflster
R Von Pflster
T Derby
T B Wingard
F H Rogers
WM Helman
J M Bufflngton
L Hermann
Merchants' Ex
Merchants1 Ex
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
320 California st
408 California st
402 Montgomery st
310 Kearny st
419 California st
531 California et
531 California st
Merchants' Ex
416 Montgomery sfc
432 Monteomery st
418 Kearny at
Merchants' Ex
302 Monteomerv at
Academy Bldg
14 Stevenson's Bldg
41 Market sfc
402 Montzomery st
Merchants' Ex
10s Sansome st
Merchants' Ex
401 California et
408 California st
330 Pine sfc
330 Pine et
419 California st
32') California sfc
Merchants' Ex
315 nallforma sfc
513 OaMfornia st
330 Pine st
240 Monteomery et
318 California Rt
Merchant*' Ex
113 Leidesdorff at
Merchants' Ex
Merohants' Ex
320 California et
318 California et
330 Pine st
401 California st
311 California st
Merchants' Ex
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Adams Hill Cons M Co4
Andes S MCo
Cherry Creek M 4 M Oo
Enterprise >T Co
Franklin MOo
Lady Bryan M Co
Lexingion M Co
Rye Patch Cons M & M Co
SegregateoVRock Island M Oo
Location. Secretary.
W W Tr/iyl'>r
Washoe Called byStockbolde
Nevada DFVerdenal
T L Darling
Wm H Watson 30'.
Waehoe Called by Trustees
J M De Pass
Nevada D F Verdenal
W H Wataou
Ofnce in S- F.
408 California sfc
-s 4 1 1 's Oal sfc
409 California st
508 Battery st
: Monteomery st
419 California st
Merchants' Ex
409 Cali forniast
302 California sfc
Secretary.
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three
Name of Oo.
Belcher M. Oo.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M ,v Jl Co
Cons Virginia M Oo
Crown Point M Co
Diana M Co.
Empire M Oo
Eureka Con ttnli dated M Ob
Excelsior M & M Oo
Jefferson S M Co
Manhattan S M Co
Rye faton M Co
Meetingr.
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annuel
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Date.
May 17
May 19
June 1
May 17
Mar 24
JuneB
May 12
June 1
May 18
Location.
Waehoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift,
Washoe Obarle? H Fish
Washoe O EElliott
N, C. Fa'fsefc.
Cal D A Jennings
Nev WWTraylor
Frank Swift
O A Sankey
Nevada Ohas S Neal
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4i9 California sfc
401 California st.
414 California sb
220 Clay st.
401 California sfc
419 California st
419 California sfc
331 Montgomery sfc
419 California sfc
409 California st
Amount.
3 00
25
40
10 00
2 00
1 00
Payable.
Jan 11
Apr 17
Nov 18
May 12"
Jan 12
■Inn. 25
May 15
May 5
April 10
May 15
MnyiS
Mar 5
'
METALS.
[WHOLKSALE.J
Thubbjday m„ May 12, 1875.
American Pie Iron, ^ ton (g 46 00
Scotch Pig iron, (B ton 46 00 (0) 48 00
White Pig, $ ton ^ ® 46 00
Oregon Pig, f* ton ... @ 46 00
Refined Bar, bad assortment, |llb @~ ^'i
Refined Bar, good assortment,?* It I — — fia— 4
Boiler, No. I to 4 @— H*
Plate, No. 5 to 9 @ — bb£
Sheet. No. 10 to 14 @— 5l4
Sheet, No. 16 to 20 — 5S@ — Kg
Sheet. No. 12 to 24 — 6 m — 6>»
Sheet, No. 26 to 23 — 6%@ - 1
Horee Shoes, per keg 7 511 leg 8 00
Nail Rod - Iff (3)
Norway Iron — 9 fif
Rolledlron — 6 (8)
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Minere, etc. @ — 4.:;
OOPPEB.—
Braziers' — & @ — —
Copper Tin'd — 37^ffl — 4
O'Niel'ePat — 37^§ — 40
Sheathing, 3ft lb --40 @ — 24
Sheathing. Yellow a — 25
Sheathing, Old Yellow ® — 12,H
Oom position Nails — 24 (a)
Composition Bolts — 24 @
Tra Plates.—
10il4fO Oharooal 12 00 @ 12 50
10xL4 IX Charcoal 14 00 ® 14 60
Roofing Plate 1 0 Oharooal 11 00 @ 11 50
Banca Tin —SO @ — 32
Australian .■ — 28 (a) — 30
Steel.— English Oast, ^ ft — 20 @ — 25
Anderson A Woode' American Cast (3 — 16!^
Drill @ — 16H
FlatBar —18 @ — 22
Plow Steel — 9 @ — 10
ZiNO....By the Cask @ — 11
Zino, Sheet 7x3 ft, No 7 to 10 $Ib @ — 11
do do 7x3 ft. No 11 to 14 @ — Jl!-;
do do 8x4 It, No 8 to 10 @ — 11^
do do 8x1 ft, No 11 to 10 @ — 12
Nails Assorted sizes 4 25 W B 70
Qdicksilveb. perft 65 — @ — 00
Sttbscribeks axe requested to examine the printed
address on their papers. If mistakes occur at any time,
please report them to this office. The last figures (at
the extreme right) represent the year that your sub-
scription is paid to. Next to these the day and month
Is represented. For Instance, your subscription being
paid to July 4th, 1876, it would be represented, viz :
!3*«£; or 4J176; or juH,76,
LEATHER.
[WHOLESALE.!
Wednesday h.. May 13, 1876.
City Tanned Leather,?* ft 26(5)2
Santa Cruz Leather, ft ft 26(0)29
Country Leather, fi ft 24928
Stockton Leather, % ft * 25®29
Jodot, 8 Kil., per doz S50 OOfS) 54 00
Jodofc, 11 to 13 Kil., per doz 68 00(8> 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz 82 00@9J «0
Jodot, second choice. 11 to 16 Kil. ^ doz 57 OfXai 74 00
Oorneilian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00(5) 67 00
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 00@ 67 00
Cornelliao Females. 14 to- lfi Kil 71 00(5) 76 50
Simon Dllmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00® 63 u0
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00%$ 72 00
Simon Ullmo Females, lfi to 17, Kil 73 00® 75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,3) doz 61 00(a) K3 00
Simon. 20 Kil. ft doz ; 65 OOffl 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. $ doz 72 00® 74 00
RobortOalf. 7 and 9 Kil 35 00® 40 00
French Kips, ft ft 1 00a 1 15
California Kip, ft doz 40 OO®] P ■«
French Sheep, all colors, ft doz 8 00(5) 15 00
EasternOalf forBacks.ft ft 100® 126
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colore, ft doc 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, ft doz 5 50a 10 50
California Rnssett Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
Beet Jodot Calf Boot Legs, ft pair 5 00a s 25
Good French Oalf Boot Lege, ft pair 4 00ft) 4 75
French Oalf Boot Lege, ft pair A 00® —
Harness Leather, ft ft ' 30® 17
Fair Bridle Leather, ft doz 48 00a 72 —
Skirting Leather, ft ft.... 33® W%
Welt Leather, ft doz 30 00a 60 00
Buff Leather, ft foot 17® %
Wax. Side Leather, ft foot 17® 0
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Ohahles Sutbo A Co.]
San Fbanoisco, May 12, 8 p. m.
Legal Tenders in S. F„ 11a. m„ 87Js to 88/
Qold in N. T., 1.15}£.
(Solo Babb, 890. Silvee Babb, 4 and 4% per cent dis-
count.
Exchange on N. Y., M per cent premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, 1^ and 2 per cent, discount.
Currency. 14 per cent On London— Ban kers> 49: Com-
nn' rtinl , V.'' (. Pan?, 5 f ranos per dollar,
London — Consols, 94M to 94'4: Bonds, 102.!*; Liverpool
Wheat 8s.lld.; 9s. 2d.; Club 9a. 2d. ; fts. fi , .
QniOKSiLVEKin S. F-. by the flask, per lb, 65o@7Uo.
Thursday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
municatlons should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
May 15, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
325
(atents & Inventions.
A Weekly Llat of 0. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
IFaoif Official Repobti roft tbt. Murom anu Soikm-
Timi Pbxss, DEWEY & CO., Pobluuku* and
U. 8. AJCD FOREIGN Patkmt Aqknti.]
By Special Dispatch, Dated Washington,
D. C May 11,1875.
Fob Wekk Ending Apbil 27, 1875.
Potato Dioo kb .'—James J. McKeuoor, S. F.,
Cal.
Combined Blotter, Papkb Cdttkb and Bulkr.
Fruuk K. Angel], Lob Angeles, Cal.
Wao< k Jack. — Ww. Heary Horn, Santa Cruz,
Cal.
■ ■ »Tbe patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 dayB after tbedato of iasue.
Notk.— Copies of D. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by DrwET ft Oo., In the shortest time posaible (by tel-
©graph or otherwise) at the lowest ratea. All patent
bnaint'Hn for Pacific coaat Inventor* transacted wltb
perfect security and lo the shortest possible time.
New Incorporations.
The following companies hare filed certificates of
Incorporation In the County Clerk' a Office at San Fran-
oisco:
Seooxoated Ophtb M. Co.— May 7. Location: Washoe.
Tru"t*e»— Wm. Sherman. J. F. Nosniith, J. P. Canton,
P. Malloy and O. W. Gordon.
Almaden Coir. Q. M. Co.— May 8. Location: BallnaB
Dihtrict, San Luis Obispo county, Cal. Trustees — John
F. Maloney, Wm. J. Ford, W. Q. Jones, J. Dennis, Cul-
lealan and Eustace Neale. Capital, $10,000,000.
Buckets Watxb k Htobautjc M. Co.— May 8. Loca-
tion: Trinity county, Cal. Trustees— B. R. Craig, A.
L, Wurut-r. w. H. Lowden, J. Craig and S. H. Atkins.
Capital, 91,600,000.
Sooth Capital M. Co.— May 10. Location: Storey
county, Nevada. Trustees— F. G. Smith, J. W. Moyle,
0. M. Peck, W. F. Meyers and E. Wheaton. Capital,
16,000,000.
Nobth Mexican G. £ S. M. Co.— May 10. Location;
Virginia City, Nevada. Trustees— 0. Denerwald, J. B.
Treadwell, Marshall Hubbard, J. P. Moore and H. K
Greene. Capital, $10,001), OuO.
Carlisle G. ft S. M. Co.— May 10. Location: Meadow
Valley Mining District, Nevada county, Cal. Trustees
— Wm. H. Brocknoan, Samuel Green, Henry Levy,
Jacob Zobel and Chas. H. Dewey. Capital, $1,000,000.
The C & C shaft, for the Consolidated
Virginia and California mines, on the Corn-
stock, i» down 450 feet, the bottom in fine sink-
ing ground, the rock blasting oat finely and no
water whatever to interfere. Laying the
foundation and making preparation for tbe
erection of the splendid powerful hoisting and
pumping machinery, which we recently de-
scribed, is making rapid progress. One set of
tbe boilers are already in position, uud all the
men are employed at the work that there is
room for.
At the Sierra Nevada mine, on the Corn stock,
a new and powerful air compressor is being
erected, with which to ran a set of Burleigh
drills at tbe bottom of tbe shaft. As soon ub
finished, these drills will add greatly to the
Bpeed of the sinking.
Thk clipper snip Three Brothers has beaten
the British King to Liverpool.
BLEEDING
CHITIS.
CATARRH. BR0N-
A WONDERFUL
,i
General News Items.
Vice President Wilson has been traveling
through the ISoulh and expresses himself so
much gratified at the true Union sentiment
manifested by the people. He has failh in the
future of tbe whole country. Such utterances
as these of the Vice President do a great deal
of good.
And now Stockton wants an Elaine sensation.
A copy from tbe original was hung up in a bil-
liard saloon of that city. Last Saturday night
it was out from the frame, a la San Francisco,
and carried off. A Captain Lees is wanted in
Stockton.
Wilbtjb H. Stobxt, proprietor of the Chi-
cago Times, has been convicted of libeling the
character of a young lady of Eookford, and
$26,000 is the sum the jury tbink he ought to
pay as a salve to heal her injured reputation.
Another Ocean Hobeob. — The steamship
Schiller was wrecked on the Scilly islands, En-
glish channel, on the 7th inst. Three hundred
and forty lives are reported lost and only fif-
teen are known to have been saved. •
Doo fanciers may be interested in learning
that the Treasury Department acquiesces in tbe
judicial decision that German sausages are ex-
empt from duty under the special provision
for Bologna sausages.
A bank under the control of Flood & O'Brien
is to be started in their new building, corner of
Montgomery and Pine streets. The capital of
the institution wilt be $10,000,000.
Lee Ah Chu, convicted of the murder of the
boy Axtel in this city, has been sentenced to be
hanged on Friday, July 2, between the
bours of 12 noon and 3 p.m. ■
The American rifle team have accepted the
tender of a free passage from the Ihman com-
pany, and will sail for Ireland on the City of
Chester early in June.
A collision oconrred between two freight
trains on the C. P. B. K. last week, by which a
brakeman was killed and a conductor severely
injured.
Hknbt Bhodes &Co., of Victoria, have been
awarded the contract for oarrying the mails be-
tween British Columbia and this city .
A planing mill and saw mill on the corner of
Fourth and Berry streets were destroyed by
fire last Sunday afternoon. Lobs, $50,000.
A disease of the eye has broken out among
the Nevada Pistes, which threatens to destroy
the eyesight of the whole tribe.
A jewelrt store in Albany was entered by
burglars last- Sunday afternoon and $15,000
worth of goods stolen from the safe.
Oenebal Phil. Sheridan is to be married to
Miss Buoker, daughter of General Bucker of
his staff, in June.
Oveb $100,000 worth of dogs, mostly point-
ers and setters, have been imported from Eu-
rope during tbe past two years.
Old John Bender, the Kansas murderer, has
escaped from the custody of the Arizona offi-
cers.
John H. Bdbke, a resident of this city,
dropped dead in an Oakland car last Sunday.
Senatob Booth has returned home.
FROM LUNGS
CONSUMPTION.
CURE.
Boohesteb, N. Y., Jan. 13th, 1874.
B. V. Pieeoe, M. D., Buffalo, N. Y.:
Sear Sir:— I had suffered from Catarrh in an
aggravated form for about twelve years and
for several years from Bronchial trouble.
Tried many doctors and things with no lasting
benefit. In May, 1872, becoming nearly ^voru
out with excessive editorial labors on a paper
in New York City, 1 was attaoked with Bron-
chitis in a severe form, suffering almost a
total loss of voice. I returned home here, but
had been home only two weeks when -I was
completely prostrated with Hemorrhage from
the Lungs, having four severe bleeding spells
within two weeks, and first three inside of nine
days. In tbe September following, I improved
sufficiently to be able to be about, though in a
very feeble state. My Bronchial trouble re-
mained and the Catarrh was tenfold worse than
before. Every effort for relief seemed fruit-
less. I seemed to be losing ground daily. I
continued in this feeble state, raising blood
almost daily until about the first of March,
1873, when I became so bad as to be entirely
confined to the house. A friend suggested
your remedies. But I was extremely skepti-
cal that they would do me good, as I had lost
all heart in remedies, and began to look upon
medicine and doctors with disgust. However,
I obtained one of your circular*, and read it
carefully, from which I came to the conclusion
that you understood your business, at least.
I finally obtained a quantity of Dr. Sage's
Catarrh Bemedy, your Golden Medical Dis-
covery and Pellets, and commenced their vig-
orous use according to directions. To my
surprise, I soon began to improve. The
Discovery and Pellets, in a short time, brought
out a severe eruption, which continued for
several weeks. I felt much better, my appetite
improved, and I gained in strength and flesh.
In three months every vestige of tbe Catarrh
was gone, the Bronobitis had nearly disap-
peared, had no Cough whatever, and I had
entirely ceased to raise blood; and, contrary to
the expectation of some of my friends, the cure
has remained permanent. I have had no more
Hemorrhages from the Lungs, and am entirely
free from Catarrh, from which I had suffered
so much and so long. The debt of gratitude
I owe for the blessiDg I have received at your
hands, knows no bounds. I am thoroughly
satisfied, from my experience, that your medi-
cines will master the worst forms of that
odious disease Catarrh, as well as Throat and
Lung Diseases. I have reoommended them to
very many, and shall ever speak in their praise.
Gratefully yours,
WM. H. SPENCEB.
P. 0. Sox 507, Rochester, N. Y.
THE OTHER SIDE
TURBINE vsTDEXTER.
of the time and attention to the bulneaa that I bad
done.
One officer who waa Incapacitated by a falling, and
whose salary waa the aame an Boise, was retained, and
Ncftiu-d to be the noylng Bplrltln getting me out, and
afterward made boaat'of it. ■• We went to work eystem-
atlcally to get Bouthwlck out.and We succeeded." Then
an aaaeaament or one dollar per ahare waa levied on the
etock, as I now believe, for the express purpose of
freezing me out, and the stock waa bought in by the
parties now owning it for the assessment and cost of
advertising. I then became discouraged and thought
uf leaving the Btate. But I had been waiting a con-
venient time to apply a for patent on some very im-
portant Improvements which I had made, and several
of which the D, W. Co. were using. I then found that
the Improvements would Intmre me an opportunity to
again engage in the Windmill busioeaa In California.
1 have secured the patent which covers the metal
binding or Hhoe oo the end of the shutters, and the
pivot by which it is Becured to the platform*), the over-
lapping abutter having its inner edge bint for the «pur.
pose uf regulating the amount of wind admitted to the
wheel. This takes the place ol the governor iu tbu
other patent. Also, the lever above the wheel, pivoted
In the center and connected by rods, cranks and gud-
geons to the shutters In such a manner as to be oasily
worked by cord uud pulleya to open and close the
shutters. These Improvements are owned only by the
Kimball Manufacturing Company, who will furnish
tbe mills and guarantee protection to the purchaser.
Parties buying mills of the Dexter Windmill Company,
manufactured after tbiB date, are warned to be Miro
that Baid mills are free from said improvements, other-
wise they will lay themselves liable to the law.
Any one wishing to see either or both of my patents
can havo an opportunity by applying to me anywhere,
as I carry them always with me.
Respectfully,
A. H. SOTJTHWIOK,
Patentee Dexter and Turbine Windmills
The People's Common Sense Medical Advisee. —
This work, edited and published by it. V. Pierce, M, D.,
of Buffalo, N. T., has been received. It contains 886
pages, with numerous 11 lustrations. Price, post paid,
$1.50. We Bhall review it at leisure for information for
ourselveB and readers.
Woodwaiw'b Gardens embraces an Aquarium, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
No Agents are authorized to receive subscriptions for
this paper at less than our advertised rates.
LANE & B0DLEY,
John & Water Sts., Cincinnati.
Sole Manufacturers of Bruckner's Patent
REVOLVING FURNACE
For Chlorldlzlng, Desulphurizing and Roasting*
Ores. Steam Engines and Mining Machinery.
ty Send for our illustrated catalogue.
(itiliiflg and Other Copipajiies.
FolingsHy. T H 12l IS 1 30
Woods. Mrs A H 1.000 UK) 00
Woods, Mra & 71 600 60 00
WoodB.MrsA 116 600 60 00
Woods, SD 83 6 60
Woods, BD 107 201 20 10
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 17th 'day of March,
1876, so many stairee of each parcel ot said atock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company, Room 1, No. 631 California street,
Han Francisco, on tbe 17th day of May, 1876, at the
hour of 1 o'clock, p. m., of said day, to pay said delin-
quent assessment thereon, together with coats of ad-
vertising and expenses of sale. WM. SMALL, Sec'y.
Office, Room 1, No. 631 California street, Ban Fran-
cisco, California.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
pany.— Principal place or business, Ci"j ond County of
S«n Frtttin-c'i Stale "I' California. Location of works,
Cherry Crunk Mining DiHtriot, White Pine County, State
of Ne ida
Noiloe la h«™bv given 'hat at a mnotini: or Mic Board of
Directors, held on the 13th <la» of May, IH74, an ossess-
ment oftWfntj-flve'-entB per wharu wa< levied upon tbe
c > pital ntnok of the corporation, payable i mined iutely. iu
United States (told coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company. Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco, '
Any stock upon which this aaKesninent aliull remain un-
paid on tbn 14th day of Junu, 1876, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unions payment
in made before, will b« fold on Wednesday, the 30th day of
June. 1876. to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expends of sale.
I.T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office, Room 14,302 Montgomery sireet, San Francisco,
Cal.
Gold Mountain Mining Company— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, City and County
of San Francisco.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment (No. 3) levied
on tbe 25th day of Moron, 1875, the several amounts ■,-'t
opposite the names of the respective Bharehold"8 a8
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Share* Amount.
W A Knapp, Trustee 16
W A Knapp, Trustee 19
W A Knapp, Trustee 78
ft D Roberts 29
J F Woodman i. 50
D M Hosmer, Trustee 49
WAKnapp |5
W A Knapp 75
TBKent **
And in accordant* with law, and an order of the
Board of Director*, made on the 25th day of March,
1875, bo many paares of each parcel of Bald Btock as
may he necessary, will be Bold at public auction at the
office of the Secretary, No. H6 LeideBdorff street, on
Monday, tbd 17th day ot May, 1875, at the hour of 1
o'clock, p M.,of eald day, to pay Haid delinquent as-
sessment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale. W. AUGS. KNAPP. Sec'y.
Office, 116 LeideBdorff street, corner of Halleok, San
Francisco, California.
100
$26 00
100
25 00
26 00
<\U00
600 00
100
25 00
400
100 00
600
126 00
201)
60 00
4,126
1,031 2
Benjamin Mill and Mining Company — Lo-
' cation of prinoipal place of business San Franoisco, Cal-
ifornia Location of works. Devil's Gats District, Lyon
County. Nevada.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 14th day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment, No. 2, of ten cents per .-hare was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable on the 2lBt day of
April, 1875, in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the comnany. Room 7, 401 California street,
San Franoisco, California. • .
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 22d day of May, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 14th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expensea of sale. By order
of the Board of Directors,
LEANDER LEAVITT, Secretary-
Office, Room 7, 401 California street, San Francisco, Cal
TO "WHOM IT MAY CONCEBN*.
Wnereas, the "Dexter Windmill Company" (com-
posed of two individuals), have published a statement
that the Bo-called Turbine Windmill is an in-
fringement on the Dexter Windmill, and that Bald
Dexter Windmill Company wlll^roBecute any one who
purchases the Turbine, I am called upon in the name
of Truth and Justice to contradict their atatemeut.
The Turbine is no Infringement on the patent held by
Dexter Windmill Company. Read what Gov. H. H.
Haight says on the subject:
San Fbanoiboo, April 22, 1876.
A. H. Southwiok, Esq. — Dear Sir: From an exami-
nation of the patent now held by the Dexter Windmill
Company, and your patent dated March lbth, 1875, it
seems clear to me that your right to manufacture and
Bell under your patent is unquestionable, without any
license from the Dexter Windmill Company. If there
were any room for question It would be disposed of by
the fact, which I understood to be conceded, that the
novelty of the invention patented to you first and
transferred to the Dexter Company, consists in the
combination with the Governor, and this is dispensed
with in your patent of March 16th, 1875.
Respectfully yours, H. H. HAIGHT.
Now, for two months or more I was Superintendent
of tbe Dexter Windmill Company, and owned one-third
of the stock of Baid company. I worked early an'd
late in the interests of the company. I had to perform
many duties not properly my own, while the Secretary,
who wub receiving the same salary as myself, seemed
entirely careleeB about his duties. Finally It waa told
me by one and another that there was to be an effort
made to oust me out of my position. I did not believe
the statement, but subsequent events have proved the
truth of it. I was ruthlesBly thrown from my position
and I asked in vain for an excuse for the act. I wat
answered with insuUs. My position and salary were
given to the President, who did not devote one-fourth
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company. Location of principal place of ousinese,
San Francisco, Gal.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described Btock, on account of assessment levied on
the 1st day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Burke.T 33
Burke, T 34
Burke, T 35
Hendy, Joshua 84
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 78
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 78
Reardon, John 80
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 1st day of April, 1876,
so many BhaaeB of each parcel of Bald Btock ae may be
necessary, will be sold at public auction, at the office
of the company, 408 California street, room 16, on the
18th day of May, 1875, at the hour of 1 o'olock p. mi.,
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, Room 16, No. 408 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
100
$ 60 00
60
2fi 00
60
26 OO
70
96 00
24,660
12,275 08
2,116
1,058 OC
60
25 00
Manhattan Marble Company of California
— Location of principal place of business, Sau Fran-
cisco, California. Location of works, Oakland, Ala-
meda county, California,
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described Btock, on account of assessment levied on
the 30th day of March, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names ot the respective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
SGBeaty 29
SGBeatty SO
SGBeatty 34
John Currey 305
Chas Barlow 94
Chas Barlow 95
0 Beach 76
CBeach 76
0 Beach 77
CBeach 78
CBeach 79
0 W Howard J26
T J Arnold 133
DMBokee, Trustee 269
DMBokee, Trustee 260
J A Rawson 304
Alphonso Dam 261
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the. 30th day of March,
1875, so many* shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary , will be sold at the office of the com-
pany, 13 and 16 Fremont street, San Francisco, en
Monday, the 17th day of May, 1876, at 12 o'clock, m., to
pay the delinquent assessment thereon, together with
coat of advertising and expenses of sale.
L. L. ALEXANDER, Sec'y.
Office, Nob. 13 and 15 Fremont street, San FranciBco,
California.
10
*50 00
10
50 00
10
50 00
119
695 00
60
300 00
59
' 296 00
26
125 00
25
125 00
25
125 00
25
125 00
19
96 00
119
596 00
69
295 00
7
35 00
3
15 00
20
100 00
20
100 00
Martin & Walling M. & M. Co —Principal
place of business, San Franoisco, California. Location
of works, (Joul torviile, Mariposa County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Direotora, held on tho 2HU day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment of fifty (50) cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United states gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of
the Company, 403 California street, room 16, San Francisco,
California.
Any atock npon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 25fch day of May, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Tuesday, the 15th day of
June, 1875. to pay the delinquent assooament, together
with costs of advertifiing and expenses of Bale.
B. F. HICKOX, Secretary.
Office— 408 California street, room 16. San Francisco, Cal.
Carbon Coal Company— Principal place
of business, San Francisco, California. Location of
works, Contra Costs County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directora, held on the let day of May, 1875, an assessment
of $1.25 per share waa levied upon the capital stock of the
corporation, payable immediately, in United States gold
andsilver coin, to the Secretnry, N. C. Fassett, No. 220
Clay street, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for Bale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be aold on the !4th day of June, 1875,
to pay the delinquent assessment, together with costs of
advertising and expenses of sale.
N. C. FASSETT, Secretary.
Office, No. 220 Clay street, San Franoisco, California.
Cincinnati Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pany — Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, California.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied <m
the 17th day of March, 1876, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective sharehcdderB ae
follows:
Names. Nor. Certificate. No. ShareB. Amount.
Outbbert, Wm .-...v. 12
Cuthbert.Wm -. 38
Outhbert, Wm ..108
Pilcher.WJ 80
Pilcher, W J 81
Pilcher, WJ 82
Pilcher.WJ Ill
Dorman, 3M 99
Dorman, SM 1201
Folingsby, T H 10O-
100
S1(M)<)
200
20 00
100
JO 00
100
10 '00
100
10 00
100
10.00
100
10 00
60
■6 00
20
2.00
40
4 00
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
Erinoipal place of business, San Franoisco,' California,
.ocation of works, GrasB Valley Township, Nevada
County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said corporati'm, held on the '27th day of
April, 1875, an assessment (No. 4) of one dollar per share
was levied upon the oapital stock of said company, paya-
ble immediately, in gold com of tbe Unitod States of
America, to the Secretnry, at the office of the company,
room 8, No. 315 California street, San Franoisco. California.
Any stock upon which said assessment shall remain un-
paid on Tuesday, the 1st day of June, 1875, will be
advertised on that day aa delinquent, an<l unleaB pavment
shall be made before, will be sold on Tuesday, the 22d
day of June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with costs of advertising and exr.nses of sale.
* GEO. P. THURSTON. Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Virginia Consolidated M. Co.— Principal
place of business, San Francisco, California. Location
of works, Kearsarge Mining District, Inyo county. State
of California. ,. ■-.-«_,.■■, a *
Notice is hereby givon. that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, Ueldonthe 21st day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment of ten cents per share was levied npon the capital
stock of the corporation, payable immediately, id United
States gold coin, to tho Secretary, at the office of the com-
pany, in San Francisco, California.
Any Btock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of June, 1875, will be delinquent and
■advertised for sale at public anotion, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, tbe 28th day ot
Dome, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising "^g^^gg- Seoretary.
(Offloe, No. 318 California street, (room No. 13) Ban
iFranoisoo, California,
326
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 15, 1875
■ij»,~
Iron and fflacliipe hh
San Francisco Boiler Works,
(Will Bemove abput Juno 1st, to K. "W. Cor.
Harrison and Main.)
m and 125 Beale" Street BAN FRANOISCO
IF. I. CURRY.
Late Foreman ol tie Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IKON WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAmrNQ, promptly
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCOBPOBATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL 51,000,000.
LOCATION OP WORKS:
Corn,,r 0f Beale and Howard Streets,
BAN FBANOJ9CO.
Manufacturers »t' Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, St^m Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of ligb* aucl heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappet&. Vith chilled faces, guaran-
teed40 per cent. more dur^aby, than ordinary iron.
Director.,;
Joseph Moore, Jesse Holtnday, 0. E. McLane,
Wm. Morris, Wm. H. Taylor, \ J. B. Haggin,
JameB X>. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE.. .Vice-President and Sn^rintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD.... Seoretary
Mvl7-qy-
. : . ' '
v
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
HAIturiOTUttjCBS or
© r*$A.M: ENaiNEs,
Quarts, ;F1o*li: and Saw Mill a,
B ires' Improved Steam. .Eujni»„ JBxodle'm Im-
proved Crntber, ■•■MlnlH»-JP»mpB,
Amulgamjtori, unti all k.ind«
of M i*'v b s 11 <fr j/.
JJ. E. comer elf Tehama and Fromont streets, above How.
itreet, fiaa Francisco. S-o-j*
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Eock Drill ComDany.
— MANUPAOTUBEES OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIK COMPRESSOKS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for ^Blasting, Putnam Ma-
, ohine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PARKE ife I.ACY,
2iv2B-sm-bd 310 California St., S. F.
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
BOOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAKOriOTBIiKHS OF
STE-A-M ENGINES, BOILEB©,
OBOSB' PATENT BOU.EB.KEEDER,AJfO SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR 1
Dunbar1 s Patent Self- Adjusting Steam. Piston
* PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kladp of Mlnluv Machinery.
if rout Street, between N and <? street*.
Sacramento City.
SHEET IKON PIPE.
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to ma&e SHEET IRON AND ASPHALTTJM
PIPE, of any size and lor any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car "Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be,
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introdnced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
•7" All kinds of Machinery mado and repaired.
34v22-Sm JOSEPH MOORE. Superintendent;
G. W. Prebcott.
I
"W. R. EOKABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE, -'- - --. QAL.
PRESCOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of .Quartz and. Amalgamating Machinery
Hoisiing Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill IroiisVHouse
Fronts Oar Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Ecgtnes constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
T, A. MoOobmiok. Osoab Lewis. J. MoOobmick
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Cast ings. ParUcu-
ar attention' given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 235 BEALE STREET,
Bet. Howard and Folsom Streets, SAN FRANCISCO-
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description see Monvo and Scienttfi Pbebs, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November ,25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, I874. See Mnmqo akd Scientific Pbesb, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILTER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IKON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Scientific Phebs, November 15th, 1873.
For planB and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3m V- FIEDLER, New Alrnaden, Cal
liti p.'Kanetn. Established 1850. A: P. BaAiroa
Pacific Iron Works,
San Fbanotboo.
i
Qeo. "W. Eoge, Suot.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVEttY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
P-BATT'S patent steam pump.
GODDARD & CO., Fropa.
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
-
210 & 212 Beale St,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FBANCISCO.
MANUTACTUBEBB of
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
' Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N- B .— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch .
Empire Foundry,
Nob. 137, 139 and 141 Fbemont Street, San Francisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description, , House
Fronts.Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, GrateB and
Fenders, Koa6t-9crapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all Bizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in Btock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a Bpecialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. - 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
Mo. 1£S First iirett, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all ttmDBot'Brass.Compositlon.Zinc, and BabbittMeta
Castinga, Brafc Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, rtudder Braces, Hinges.Ship and Steamboat BellsBnd
SongBof supcriortone. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy-
draulic Fipea and, Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all aizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
ear r"KlCES MODEKATE. -fit
J. W WKED. V. Kl N.l WELL.
McAfee, spiers & co.,
UOIUER, MAKEES
AND CESKRAL MACHINISTS,
Howard St., between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 First Street,
San Fbanoiboo
STEIGEB, & KERR,
IXfcOXM FOVNDER8.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Holler Fail
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.8m
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FBANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manuiactare of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AND —
Every Variety oi iSlmaftiner,
Embracing ALL SIZES Vf
Steamboat 8ha.fi*, Orankt, Pinion and C«n.
.3 noctlnar Kods.Carand Locomotive Axles;,
and Frame*
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IH-OIV
Of every description and size
o>»- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Francisco, Oal., will r«-
mpfc attention.
9 highest price paid for Sorap Iron.
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keatingr's Sack Printing- PreBaes,
The F.conoht Hydraulic Hoist fob Stones",
And General Machinists.
26v28-3m
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
IffiXJjaElIt^. FOTJIVIXRY,
LlftBT aNII .HEAVY CASTINOs,
of every description, manufactured. 2*v)6ar
Miners' foundry and Machine Works,
d CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, award and Folsom, Sua Francisco.
Maohinerr «)d Oaotlng-a of all kinds.
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
PIEST STREET, SAN FBANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &o.
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
ductlon of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
fltandingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
MANTJX'AOTUnKES OF ALL KINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Beits.
19, 15 and IT Drumiu Street, San Francisco. *v241y
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to GO-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For Bale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDT, No. 32 Fremont Street.
PARKE & LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Haviag the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
It an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OK
WAT^E "WORKS,
To Contract with us for
iSHEET.IKON PIPE.
All Sizes Mado and all Work Guaranteed
130 Beale Street,
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
a. Si H. B-AOaKTEiTT,
Manufacturers of Tiles of every Description
NOB. 80, 41 and 4^ Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on tii
Pacific Ooast. 18v36.1y
BumaomiBEBs who by mistake get two copies of this
•per, should notify us without delay.
May 15, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
327
B"Llf£aJ.O Pony PlaiierS. Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz MilJs.
^ UU^_~_»M _.*... ^=~. [PATENTED MAY 2«TH. 1R711 ■■
~. r. — C r, a *- a «- 5
eJopaoDBOB
I
b
2. u
— -^ l - — — e. c =
OOOOOCOOS
OqqOOOVOOr
ao.ao.aaS ^ui
003C00D00»
•8
B
M
0
I
>
c
s
s'
0^*1:^1
00^ uia6oo
8"SS'iggS8lg
DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
"m-">w SAN FBANCI8CO, CAL.
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
•r Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are Durable, Compact and
Cheap.
Por Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGKDZEDST,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
[PATENTED MA"? 26TH, 1874.)
Price Beduced to 16 Centa Per Pound-
8an Fbancibco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Supts. 0/ Quart* Mills and Mining Mat generally
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase In our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works—
a D0« gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thna euabled to reduce the cost of tteel and at the
Kamo time produce Shoes and Diks superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 oentl per pound and solicit atrial order
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least lu per
a int- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Btkel
Bbou USB Diks made excepting under our putent and
hold ut this office, or by our autlmrizr-d ugi'nts, though
certaiu Eastern manufacturers advertise Stkel Shoes
Aim Diks which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
s. -ts of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are n<>t capable of being tampered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Stkel 8hoe8 and Dikh are In me in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 21) cents per
pound. Their advantages over Iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved In chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increareJ value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and cbippings, and a saving of
76 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
Address all orders, with ^dimensions, to
lT29'8m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Boom 1, Academy Building. S F
BAILEY'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE PLANES.
THIRTY DIFFERENT STYLEe.
Smooth, Jack, Fore, Jointer, Block and ircular Planes-
MANUFACTURED OF BOTH
IRON AND WOOD.
OVER
85.000
Already Sold.
MANUFACTURERS:
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY.
Factories: New Britain, Conn. Warerooms: 35 Chambers Street, New York.
FOB SALE BY ALL HARDWARE DEALERS.
KTSend for descriptive Circulars, embracinga full assortment of Improved TooIb.
21v28-l«n-ly
it
E-S
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS.
3 ^2 Jl
o a -a
■B m *»
u to®
« a fl
a?
Examiner of Mines, Mineral Aasayer, Etc.
"g. g "i
I s a
2 « to
="••3 £>
rags
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth) ; $12 (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
nt the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Pair of 1869.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
Direct Acting Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont ofc Natonia
streets, S. F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use.
■ SEND FOR CIRCULAR
N. B.— AIbo manufacturer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double-Acting Force Pump.
•did awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San fc'rancisoo.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues! illustrative of
any combination of
8TEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT -WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFG. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Office,, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
r.B. co . v-'« ,er-vv_>
> ^^_^ -. — - .r-c ~> — Mm* -^S
POLLERS
r^^CKINc-V,^!
AGENTS fOR
:matic
-lw -^ AND ,1-^^-
1 C°NCENTRflTlON
-. °v )
ftOASTI^CcVUNOERi
GIANT POWDER.
Patented liny 2e, lsne.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine BlaBtlng.
GIANT POWDER, NO. S,
For medium and seamy Bock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, eta.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent. In expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
H7~ The only Blasting Powder used In Europe and the Eastern States.
EANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General AgentB, No. 310 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYERS
MANUFACTUBKnS OF
T "Wr* TT* 1fi> Tfi** T ' ^1
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN
WATEE WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes .
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheele.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
B9"Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List— sent free
MACHINERY.
Iron and Wood-working Machinery, Wood Planers,
LatheB, Mitre and Outting-off Saws, Iron Turning and
Screw Cutting Lathes, Planers, Shapers and Drilling
Machines, Screw and Scroll Chucks, from the best
makers, always on hand and for sale cheap by
NEYLAN & YOUNG,
mar27eow 18 & 20 Spear Street, 8. F.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel. Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. McORINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F.
mihui
Pubohabehb please say advertised In Scientific Press,
m
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May is, 1875
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. I
P. 0, Box 168.
SOLEAGENTFOK THE PACIFIC
COAST FOR
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's gPatent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's Emery Wheels
and Machinery,
GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
San Francisco, Cal.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
txhaustfans,
J. A. Roebling's'SottS Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tamed Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades^v
Planer
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAK-PUMP.
Fitchburg Machine Co's btyixlevanxi^ViSL mi„ r.cl?ov-
ing Shavings and Sawdust.
Machinists' Tools,
from 'Machines.
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
Over 7.500 in Successful Use in the Unite
States.
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENGINES.
COOK, RYMES & CO. '3 Celebrated Hoisting Engines have been too long
in use on the Pacific Coast to require any special recommendation from us.
We 'refer with confidence to any one of the hundreds now in use. We Bimply
state that they still sustain their old reputation, the manufacturers nut
hliving followed the now too common practice of reducing the quality of
material and workmanship for the sake of competing with cheaper engines.
For details of sizes send for price list. We desire to call particular attention
to our new
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the same parties.)
Which have just been introduced on this Coast. The plans and specifications
are the combined efforts of oun most successful mining engineers, and the
result is the most complete
DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING- ENGINE
Ever built. Their advantages will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
the necessities of a mine. One of thede engines may be seen at work in the
Belcher mine, and one in the Ophlr, on the Comstock lode, to both of which
we refer. t£7~ We have all- sizes of these engineB constantly on hand. For
sale only at
TREADWELL & CO.'S,
23vl9-eow-tf
San Francisco, Cal.
W. T. GARBATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner N atom a and Fremont Streets,
MANUFA'CTUBEBfl OP
Brass, 2hio and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Chttrch and Steamboat Bells,
T.VVP.BN AND L1.VD BGLI.8, OOIVUS,
' Hfe engines, f'orce and lift pumps.
Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cooke,
ep of arl descriptions, made and -repaired-
d all other Joints,. Spelter, Solder and Cop-
'etSt etc Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocke, Oil
Steam- WhiBtles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur.
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work, Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
•^"Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BBASS. t 6-tf
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
'£EMI-p.OFVrV\Bl#!
The highest and only prize of its claun given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASEINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY TDK
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SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, MAY 22, 1875.
VOLUME XL2tS
Nilttiber 31.
Rae's System of Amalgamation.
One ol our Eastern correspondents, Mr. W.
C. Qaimby, sends us a description of a matter
of interest to many of our readers, which has
recently been attracting considerable attention
in tho Eastern States. It is an electrical pro-
cess of extracting precious metals from ore.
The method is called "Bae's System of Amal-
gamation." The following extract from an ar-
ticle in the New York Sun contains a correct
description of this system and its mode of
operation, and the engravings on this and page
837 will show the reader the mechanical ar-
rangements :
This process, which has been used for more
than a year in the mill attached to a gold mine,
with the most positive success, is the invention
of Dr. Jnlio H. Eae, who for many years made
electricity a special study, then rendered him-
self practically familiar with the methods and
principles of gold and silver amalgamation, as
used in mining, and finally applied electricity
in a way to effect an amalgamation so perfect
as to
Save From Eighty to Ninety-Five Per Cent.
Of the precious metals contained in the ores,
uncombined with refraotory salts. That his
process does achieve this result is attested by
men of science and practical miners, who, in-
credulous at first, visited the mill where the
method was in full operation, applied the se-
verest tests, examined thoroughly the facts, in
one case at least, took absolute charge of the
mill, to make any deception impossible even
were it contemplated. One after another they
became fully convinced that the process would
actually, did actually, accomplish all that was
asserted in its favor by the inventor.
Having watched all the work done in ex-
tracting the gold contained in a ton of ore, from
the time when the rock was placed in the mor-
tars to be pulverized till the amalgam was
ready for the retort, the writer can describe
The Process From Personal Knowledge.
In this process no water is introduced in
the mortars and the rock to be crashed must
be perfectly dry. In all mills the degree of
fineness to which the rock is powdered is regu-
lated by a screen, through which alone the
pulverized ore finds egress from the mortars.
In Bae's method very fine soreens are used,
eo that the rock is reduced to a very minnte
powder before it escapes from the batteries. It
is then carried by an elevating belt to a plat-
form above the battery, where it is emptied
into a car large enough to hold one ton of
crushed rock. When this amount is received,
the car is removed and another plaoed in its
stead. The car already charged with the ton
of powdered rock is rolled forward till it is
above the amalgamating machinery- This
consists of a large tank, so inclined that fluids
will readily flow from it through a vent in the
lower end. Across this tank, their axes resting
on journals supported by its sides, are two cyl-
inders, each seven feet long and four feet eight
inches in diameter. On one Bide of each cylin-
der, half way between the ends, is a large open-
ing called a manhole; on the other side, oppo-
site, is a large faucet. By an ingenious con-
trivance the manhole can be closed with abso-
lute tightness. Inside, upon the axis of each
cylinder, is a voltaic pile. Below the vent of
the tank is a circular cistern, five feet in diam-
eter and one foot six inches high, called a dolly
or agitating tub. An upright shaft, standing
on the center of the bottom of this tub, is
made slowly to revolve. From a horizontal
cross-piece, placed on this shaft a little above
the level of the tub, iron teeth one foot six
inches long descend. On the side of this tub
opposite the vent of the tank are four holes,
| one above the other, through which fluid may
pass into an amalgamated copper vessel, in
shape an inverted hollow truncated cone. In
the center of this copper vessel, called a
washer, is a hollow sphere pierced with small
holes. In this sphere terminates a water pipe
connected with a reservoir above, and provi-
ded with a stop cock to regulate the flow and
pressure of the water. Below this washer is
another, smaller, but in every other respect
similar in shape and arrangement. Such is
the amalgamating machinery. The amalgama-
tion is effected as follows:
From the car above the machinery the pul-
verized ore is, by a chute, emptied into one of
the cylinders through the manhole. Water is
then introduced till the cylinder is two-thirds
full. Any necessary chemicals, and from fifty
to 100 pounds of quicksilver, according to the
richness of the ore, are added at the same time.
The manhole is then closed so tight that noth-
ing can escape, and the cylinder is revolved
during from three to four hours. Then the
faucet is opened, and ninety to ninety-five per
cent of the quicksilver runs into a vessel ready
to receive it. Another vessel is substituted for
this, and receives a large portion of the amal-
gam. The remaining contents of the cylinder
are then allowed to flow out into the tank and
are waBhed down into the dolly-tub where they
are constantly agitated by the teeth on the
cross-piece before mentioned. From this tub
they pass into the washers, in which the jets
of water from the holes in the hollow sphere
keep the mass constantly in movement, so that
any amalgam quicksilver or gold which shall
equipoise necessary to accept or rejeot theories
or parts of theories, according as they should
stand the list of scientific examination, he first
proceeded to make himself familiar with all
the known facts of amalgamation, then to
develop and apply htB theory. He frankly
admits that many times his attempts to accom-
plish what he has now achieved seemed to
result only in failures. But having assured
himself that he was following the lead of a
settled principle, he was certain that apparent
failures were but so many processes of elimin-
ation, and he did not hesitate to invest his time
and money in the work of bringing into actual
and manifest operation what he was satisfied
must be a latent fact.
He appears very positive as to what his sys-
tem can do, and very careful not to claim for
it anything that its aotual performances will
not warrant. So scrupulous was he in this
respect that he refused to sell or permit his
system to be used by any one else till he had
put it to the practical and satisfactory test of a
Elevation— Perspective View of Complete Mill in Banning Order.
have escaped from the cylinder and the dolly-
tub sinks to the bottom of the first, or, at any
rate, of the second washer.
Before seeing the demonstration of actual ex-
periment, expert miners refused to believe that
the efficiency of quicksilver, for the purpose
involved, would not be destroyed by the treat-
ment it receives in this process. As a matter of
fact, conceded and asserted unanimously, the
mercury comes from the cylinders bright,
lively, and in the best possible condition to
seize the particles of gold.
Instead of the car by which the crushed ore
is moved, carrying belts or screws, and a
hopper over the cylinder, are sometimes used.
This indeed is the most advantageous arrange-
ment, as it saves man power. Our correspond-
ent writes that he has had several interviews
with the inventor. He says he is companion-
able, ready, keen, and seems to be dogmatic,
only as to the merits of his invention, which
h has proved by long, patient and thoroughly
conclusive experiments. Our correspondent
says: Years ago, while a practising physician,
his attention was particularly turned to the
study of electricity, more especially its medi-
cinal and mechanical effects. In the course of
time, the imperfections and waste of the com-
mon methods of amalgamation were brought
incidentally to his notice. He conceived the
theory that by the use of electricity better
results could be obtained. A practical man,
with the energy, the brains and the mental
year's constant use in a quartz mill. This test
was triumphantly sustained. Eminent experts
who had oome to have a very strong prejudice
against every kind of new "process," and were
utterly skeptical as to the merits of this sys-
tem, visited the mill, took oharge of it, exam-
ined the ore and the tailings, in short applied
the severest scrutiny, and came away thor-
oughly convinced, and to-day this system could
have no stronger endorsers than are these very
experts. The especial merits and advantages
claimed for this method are:
1. Preservation of quicksilver from loss,
and always in a clear, bright and healthy con-
dition, while its activity is increased.
2. Ease of manipulation.
3. Economy in construction of, and in
working the mill.
i. Simplicity of the entire work: no mystery
involved; no superior scientific skill required.
5. Close approximation of metal extracted
from all milling ores to full value of such ores,
as shown by fire assay.
6. Certainty that by the use of this method
low grade ores may become valuable, and
many mines now abandoned may be rendered
profitable.
Another great advantage is that any man of
ordinary intelligence may be taught to run
this system in a few days, and that the mill
will not be stopped to "cleanup," as this is
done with every ton of ore amalgamated.
It is a well proven fact that mines which
before this ' method was used were unable to
pay working expenses, by its use have been
made to yield a good profit. It is alike adapted
to the working of high or low grade ores.
What I have said may appear like very posi-
tive and high praise, but I believe that facts
will show that it is in no respect exaggerated.
Dr. Bae will probably be in California some
time in June, when he will make a practical
demonstration of the working of his process
before those interested.
Academy of Sciences.
The regular semi-monthly meeting of the
California Academy of Sciences was held on
Monday evening last, Vice-President Henry
Edwards in the chair. Gustave Mahe and
Ernest L. Hueber were elected resident mem-
bers, and Jas. L. King and Pembroke Murray
were proposed as candidates. The donations
to the museum were as follows:
Collection of tertiary fossils, collected north
of San Francisco, from Dr. Henry Hemphill.
Fragments of wood from an artesian well
180 feet deep, presented by John Hall, Alva-
rado.
Specimen of Abies Douglasii, from Mr.
Henry Edwards.
Indian mortar, presented by Mr. Amos Bow-
man.
Mounted peacock (a very handsome speci-
men), from Mr. James Lick.
Portion of a skull, presented by Mr. M.
O'Harra, of Jacksonville, Oregon.
Small and peculiarly colored snake, found
by Master Willie Lockington, in the hills back
of Oakland.
Mr. Wm. Guerin read an exhaustive paper
on the "Sewerage System of San Francisco."
Mr. Guerin's idea is to divide the area of the
city into three districts, and he described the
form, pitch, and several distributory laws ap-
plicable. He thought .flushing the sewers of
little value, but advocated an arrangement of
grade so that sewers along streets having a
great elevation should be discharged into those
having less, and thus the velocity of flow in
one system made to contribute to wash out
and keep free those necessarily more level.
The paper included many minute details, and
was mathematically illustrated by drawings
upon the blackboard. This was one of the
most valuable engineering papers that has been
read before the Academy for some time. -
An interesting paper by J. E. Clayton, of
Salt Lake City, on "The Glacial Period — its
Origin and Development," was read. This is
referred to elsewhere in this issue.
The Secretary then read an extract from a
letter by A. W. Keddie, County Surveyor of
Plumas oounty, confirming the claim of Dr.
'Harkness as the rightful discoverer of Lake
Harkness. It was asserted by some of the
papers that this lake was perfectly well known,
and that the Doctor was not the discoverer;
Mr. Keddie, however, made the official map of
the county, and he did not know of its existence.
It is probable that those doubting the state-
ments of Dr. Harkness confounded two lakes
in the same vicinity.
The Trustees of the Academy have author-
ized W. N. Lockington to solicit subscriptions
to procure the necessary books of reference to
assist the curators in arranging and cataloguing
the museum.
The California State Dental Association will
hold its sixth annual session in this city on
June 8th. The object of this association is to
elevate the character and dignity of the profes-
sion, to establish uniformity in practice upon
scientific principles, and to develop that desire
for mutual cultivation, literary research and
scientific investigation so much needed in all
professions.
Heavy Melt. — One day last week in the
melter and refiner's department of the TJ. S.
Mint in this city, 70,000 ounces of gold were
melted and run into $20 ingots. This is over
two and a quarter tons of gold melted in one
day. Who says the mines are giving out?
This melt is said to be the largest quantity of
gold ever melted in one day in any mint.
330
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[May 21, 1875
Home Industries.
The Bag Factories of San Francisco.
Among the important industries of San Fran-
cisco the manufacture of bags must not be
overlooked. "When we consider thatthe immense
■wheat crop of California exported, last year
exceeding 8,000,000 centals, is packed, into
bags and so loaded aboard ships, it will be seen
that the supply of bags must be proportionately
largei To meet this demand the bag factories
of San Francisco were called into existence.
Amount of Capital Employed.
It is difficult to arrive at the exact amount of
capital employed in this business, but it is safe
to say that $500,000 would not be an excessive
figure.
Number of Bags Used.
The number of grain bags used during the
year 1873, was, in round numbers, 10,000,000.
In 1874 the number was increased to 15,000,000
and it is estimated by a gentleman well quali-
fied to judge that 12,000,000 will be needed for
the grain crop the present season. Of course
much the greater portion of these were imported,
but there were manufactured over 2,000,000
grain bags in this city the last year, while a
company in Oakland manufactured from the.
raw material as many more. In addition to
those designed for grain 2,500,000 flour bags
were manufactured here in 1874, and 2,000,000
small bags for salt, etc. In making these bags,
1,000, 000 pounds, of flax twine is used, besides
a large quantity of cotton twine.
The Factories
Are all located quite near to each other, three
being on Clay and one on Davis street, and
competition is quite sharp between them. The
uncertainty of the grain crop this year has had
rather a distressing influence on the business,
though in the past week it has rallied some-
what, as the prospects for a better harvest have
brightened.
Neville & Co.,
At No. 113 Clay street, have forty sowing ma-
chines, twenty-one of which are in use. They
now employ forty-eight hands, all men. A
skilful workman will turn out in a day of ten
hours, 1,000 grain bags, with a machine. This
firm manufacture entirely by machine, and
claim their goods equal to apy hand sewed
bags in the market. No. 105 Qlay street is oc-
cupied by Neville & Co. for storing second
hand bags, and manufacturing tents, a branch
of the business in which they are largely en-
gaged. At No. 115 Drumm street they also have
a force of men employed in repairing bags.
They import their own material and at present
have several large invoices Btbred in the Bay
Warehouse.
Detrrck & Co.
This firm, located at No. 123 Clay street,
have seventy sewing machines of the Grover &
Bakern pattern, but in the present dull season
only run fifty. They employ about 125 hands,
mostly girls and boys. The machines are run
by girls, and the boys cut the material into
proper size, turn the bags after they are
finished and pile them in stacks ready for com-
pression by the baling press, which is worked
on the hydraulic principle and is a model of its
kind. The girls work entirely by the piece,
and earn from $5 to $8 per week. The . boys,
some of them, make $8 per week turning bags.
Three examiners are constantly at work in the
manufactory on the lookout to detect any im-
perfection in the sewing or the material of the
bag; as' an incentive to report anything like a
flaw in the work, the boys receive a cent apieoe
for each defective bag reported. Connected
with the manufactory is a printing press where
all bags receive the firm trade mark or are
labeled as desired. A machine shop and a
skilled mechanic afford means for repairing any
break in the sewing machines. This firm' has
sold since January 1, 1875, 1,080,000 bags of
different kinds. Their manufacturing capacity
is 30,000 a day.
The California Standard Sack Company,
Located at 36 Clay street, is a new organiza-
tion formed for the purpose of manufacturing
sacks of all descriptions, using for that work the
Garland needle. This ingenious contrivance,
the invention of Mr. H. P. Garland, is deserv-
ing of notice. The needle has* all the appear-
ance of a spiral* spring, is about three feet in
length and an inch in diameter. One end of
this needle is sharply pointed, and in a groove
along the whole length is laid the twine to be
used for sewing. Three rubber cylinders of a
length equal to the needle' are provided. Two
of these below form a bed on which the needle
rests; the other is placed on top of it and as
they revolve the needle is put in rapid motion,
The material is fed to it. As it comes within
range of the needle the point enters, carry-
ing the twine through and pushing it along,
repeating the movement until the end of the
cloth is reached. ' 'She twine now appears in
loops 'where each entry by the needle was
made; but as the end approaches, by an ingeni-
ous device the bights of twine along the whole
face of the material are gradually tightened
until, as it drops from the machine, a close and
even stitch is seen. The inventor feels confi-
dent that this needle will effect a revolution in
bag making — it certainly works well thus far.
The company have eight machines in operation,
each of which will sew 1,000 sacks per day of
ten hours. The beBt flax twine is used in sew-
ing, and it is claimed the bags already offered
in the market have been received with approval.
The machines are driven by an engine of eight
horse power. [ Girls are employed to work the
machines, and the Backs are turned by boys.
The wages paid range from fifty cents to bne
dollar and a half per day. A machine is also
in use for hemming the material ready for
making into sacks. Mr. A. J. Gove js the
manager, and evidently the right man in the
right place.
J. & P. N. Hanna.
This firm, who are located at Nos. 308 and
310 Davis stoeet, are largely, engaged in the
manufacture of sacks of all descriptions. They
confine themselves, however, entirely to hand
sewed work. The making of'ore bags is a
specialty with them. Coal sacks are also man-
ufactured. They make at least 100,000 a year
of the latter. Grain, wool, bean and potato
sacks are also made, all sewed by hand. The
manufactures of the Messrs. Hanna stand
deservedly high in the market, and they are de-
termined to maintain their excellent reputation.
Conclusions.
From the facts given above it will be seen
that the manufacturing of bags is entitled to a
place among our greatest "industries. But
what this business now is bears little semblance
to what it may become in the future if the ex-
periment, already ventured in a small way, of
growing jute and flax within the borders of our
St'ate should prove successful. Where now
hundreds of hands are employed thousands
would then be necessary, and where we estimate
the capital used by thousands it would be
reckoned in millions.
Hurdy Gurdy. — We visited last week the
Oneida mill, and observed the working of the
machinery as now driven by the hurdy gurdy
wheel as improved and patented by Mr. Knight
of Sutter Creek. The wheel is of cast iron,
eight feet in diameter, with peculiar shaped
iron buckets attached. The whole space occu-
pied by the wheel does not exceed" four feet
front by about twelve in hight. The water is
let on to the wheel through a three-inch nozzle.
The fall from the reservoir to the wheel is 230
feet. About 200 inches of water is employed,
and with that amount sixty heavy stamps are
driven at a speed' of eighty drops per minute,
and this speed kept steadily up, without any
variation. We never saw more perfect work
or steadier power. *In fact, from the rapid and
uniform drop of the stamps, more rock can be
crushed in a given time than by any other
motive power we are acquainted with. With
clear water there is no perceptible wear of
either wheel or buckets, and in the course of
twelve months running but very little cost for
repairs would be incurred. It is astonishing
to contemplate the amount of machinery that
can be driven by so small a wheel and so small
a quantity of water. These wheels are being
generally adopted in all the mills in the
county where water can be had, and will prove
an immense saving over steam.— Amador
Ledger.
Sluices. — What a terrible gaunlet of condi-
tions—past, present and to come — the silver
from our mines is compelled to run if, 'after
once awakened from its bed in the shining
depths where nature has built its home, it suc-
seeds in making its escape. Six-mile canon
is filled with dams and sluices for the collection
of tailings, from beginning to end. The mills
for their reduction are kept busy, and then
half is not worked up. Thousands of tons ane
lying waiting to be run over and yield the glit-
tering wealth which has escaped from the
mills. The Consolidated Virginia are sluicing
for a mile or so below their mill, and doing
the thing systematically. Some of the tailings
from this mill look like rich black sul-
phuret ore, and yieldj$80 per ton. Under the
system of sluicing which has beeji inaugurated
by them, there* is but little, of valuation which
in the end escapes them. Gold Hill is also
sluiced from the upper to the lower end, and
then Silver takes it up and sluices on again. And
now Charley Kooke is putting up four strings
of sluices at the lower end of Silver City, op-
posite the bridge, which are to be onehun dred
and fifty to two Tiundred feet in length. — Vir-
ginia Enterprise.
Senseless Opposition to ScienItfic Explora-
tion.— In an address recently delivered before
the National Academy of Sciences, at New
York, Professor J. P. Lesley, in describing the
work done in connection with the second geolo
gical survey of Pennsylvania, said that opera'
tions were preceeding now in three districts or
sections, one having its headquarters at Easton,
and extending into Bucks county; another
operating in the vicinity of York; and another
in the Juniata valley. He said that one section
of the state could not possibly be surveyed," and
that was the oil region. The moment an assist-
ant was put into the oil region the oil men ob-
jected, more petroleum being now produced
than the market would bear, and the party did
not dare go there in order to make measure-
ments on account of the f ear 6f further dis-
coveries of oil-producing strata. Among the
coal men also a like opposition to the opera-
tions of surveying parties was found, so that in
those sections of the Sta'e nothing of impor-
tance could be done.
Discovery of Valuable Iron Ore in Nor-
way.— A large deposit of haematite has been
discovered in Nordland, a district of Norway,
about twenty miles from Bodo, and ten or
twelve miles from a port entirely free from ioe.
Itprovt s, on analysis, to contain between fifty-
four and sixty-seven peroent. of iron, with only
a very email peroentage of phosphates.
"Petering Out"-^-California Mines.
The Foothill Tidings', published in Grass Val-
ley, Nevada county, California, a short time
since received a letter from a California street
(San Francisco) stock operator, making in-
quiry about a Grass Valley mine. It was sug-
gested in the answer to this letter that there
were in Grass Valley mines not now working,
which might be obtained on reasonable terms,
and which were well worth the attention of
capitalists. To this the "operator" replied
that the Comstook was all the rage, and that
people preferred to operate in stocks rather
than work even a promising quartz mine. He
said :
"The example of Allison Ranch, Empire and
Eureka at Grass Valley, all very rich mines at
one time, are not very encouraging, to say the
least, and unless this mine can be easily and
cheaply worked, and the vein promises good
width and character, it would not pay to
bother with it, as, without exception, so far as
I know, the Grass Valley mines have "petered
out," although very promising at times,
and are very irregular in yield.
"I have some idea that the Washington and
Eureka districts may turn out larger and bet-
ter mines, but so far, even in those districts,
the mines have not been very satisfactory.
Failures have been the rule — some from one
cause and some from another — and I believe
that njoi one important mine is now being
worked there.
"This aspect of the case goes to show that
parties should (go slow' in putting money into
quartz mines in Nevada county. One here
and there may be worked at a profit for a few
years, but in the end they 'peter out.' "
To this the Tidings replies: "Making all
due allowance for this letter as a 'bear' move-
ment, without which it would be impossible
for a California sireet operator to negotiate for
mines, and still it is apparent that this opinion
of Grass Valley mines prevails among capital-
ists to an alarming extent. Is there any foun-
dation in fact for such an opinion? Let us
see.
"Allison Ranch — to begin with those cited by
our San Francisco operator^which during its
day turned out a round two and a half mil-
lions in gold, was worked to a depth of only
three hundred and forty feet — 475 feet on the
incline — and all miners who know anything
about this mine and about its shutting down,
unite in saying that there are many millions of
profit in the old mine yet, with present modes
and facilities for mining and milling. Empire,
the old Ophir mine, has never failed of paying
a profit to good management since its opening
in 1851 to the present day, though under a
cloud from bad management at several times.
Eureka "petered out " the same as all the more
prominent mines on the Comstock have at vari-
ous times; the ore chute, which at ' one time
made the Eureka known as the best mine in
California, pitched and went off upon the
ground of the Idaho. The same chute continues
in depth and extends easterly upon the Idaho
ground without limit, so far as is now known.
Bid Massachusetts Hill * peter out, 'after run-
ning two miles or more of tunnels, working two
or three hundred men for several years and
taking out several millions In gold ? By no
means. Square locations was the difficulty
with this great mine. Three hundred feet is
the greatest perpendicular depth reached and
the ledge was left rich and capable of turning
out its millions yet at great profit, because its
pitch took it off the ground owned by the com-
pany having the works. The adjoining ground
will sometime, it is hoped,- consolidate and work
the mine, Bhowing California street sharps that
a 'peter out' here is not so very different
from "one on the Comstock. The Gold Hill
mine, which, up to 1865 I turned out not less
than four millions in gold, beside untold
amount in the shape of ' specimens ' stolen
by the miners, is anything but a 'petered out'
mine in the opinion of men .who worked in it
last. Skill and good judgment in the early
working of this mine would have made it a
paying mine to-day, and when capital gets
enough of gambling in Washoe stocks some of
it will go into Gold Hill and take out many
millions more. New York Hill, after yielding
half a million or over, 'petered out, ' that is,
it cost too much with the machinery then in
use and under the then management, to keep,
the mine clear of water and raise and work the
ore. All the miners who then worked in it
said the mine-was yet a good one and after sev-
eral years of idleness is now proviug that they
were right. We might go on and enumerate a
score or more miues that to a superficial obser-
ver look 'petered out,' but the phrase is not
truly applicable to any mine hereabouts that
ever made itself a reputation as a mine. Say
if you please that some of our mines have dis-
appointed the over sanguine expectations of
Buchnien as make haBte to be rich, but not
that they 'peter out,' "
Zenger has succeeded in obtaining photo-
graphic proofs of the sun and moon no less
than nine feet two inches in diameter. He
used a concave mirror instead of the ordinary
object glass,
Thirteen thousand passengers arrived in
San Francisco by steamer and rail during
April. This is the largest number arriving in
anyone month during the history of the city.
Hydraulic Elevators.
The hight to which buildings have now to be
erected, owin'g to the concentration of business
and the consequent increase in the price of
real estate, has necessitated the employment
of elevators to make the accommodation of the
higher floors available. At first steam eleva-
tors came into use in the larger hotels and in
buildmgs provided with a steam engine and
shafting. The coat of operating them in es-
tablishments not already similarly provided
aoted, however, as a bar to their general use.
This preventive to their extensive introduction
hau been done away with by substituting hy-
draulic for steam power. The great diminution
in the cost and expense of operating an elevator
arising from the utilization of the power fur-
nished by the city water mains, places the con-
venience of one within the reach of all hotels,
warehouses, stores and manufactories.
The manufacture of hydraulic as well as
steam elevators has now become quite a bus-
iness in all large oities, and a large number of
patents have been issued for the various
devices by which they are operated. There
are a- large number of elevators in ubo in this
city, and the ordinary "hoisting apparatus"
heretofore so generally employed in warehouses
is fast disappearing before the more modern
and more generally useful elevator.
Five elevators for the Palace hotel are in
process of construction at the Bisdon iron and
locomotive works, which will be capable of
lifting 100 persons from the ground floor to
the upper seventh story in thirty seconds.
They will be worked by hydraulic pressure.
The great convenience of an elevator is now
within the reach of all establishments of any
importance.
Dangerous Sophistication op Silk. — Silks
are being adulterated with a material more dan-
gerous to the wearer than the flour paste and
China clay by means of which Manchester men
improve the appearance of their calicoes. The
French in this case are the offenders, but the
fashion they have thus set is one which our
textile manufacturers are never Blow to follow.
By treatment with salts of iron and astringents,
and with salts of tin and cyanides, the weight
of -the fabrics has been raised in some oases by
300 per cent. ; and, besides fraud to the pocket
by the adulteration, the silk is rendered highly
inflammable, burning like tinder if touohed
with flame, and liable, besides, under certain
circumstances, to spontaneous combustion. —
Iron,
The effect of extreme cold upon the human
body, according to Lieutenant Weyprecht, the
leader of the second Austro-Hungarian North
Pole expedition, has been greatly exaggerated.
He says that it does not produce difficulties of
breathing, pain in the ches^, etc., as has, been
frequently stated. The officers and orew of his
expedition bore the cold easily, though most of
them were born in a foreign climate. Some of
the sailors never once wore a fur coat. Even
at the lowest temperature the officers were able
to smoke their cigars in the open-air, except
when the wind supplemented the cold, when
the latter became insuppoi table. The effect of
the cold varies according to the quantity of
moisture in the air and the state of the per-
sonal health; a degree of cold which at one
time may be very disagreeable may be endured
with perfect indifference at another.
Fast Railroad Time. — The following tele-
gram to the Chicago Evening Journal, in refer-
ence to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
Railroad, reports the fastest time on record
made with a fall express train — other faster
time, however, having been made in England,
never in the United States, with a locomotive
and single car: "Aurora, Illinois, April 29th.
The Atlantic Express, conductor Howland and
engineer Nixon, has made Mendota to Aurora,
fifty-six mileBin the unprecedented time of fifty-
six minutes. Of the time lost (four hours) by
a wash-out at Atlanta City, Iowa, last night,
three hours and forty-five minutes were/gained
between Galesburg and this place, a diatance
of 126 miles. The run, so far;, substracting
stops for dinner, watering and passengers, av-
erages a mile in less than a minute and.a half."
The study of a mineral field progresses by
a collection of facts from observation. These
form a continual mediation with the mind, the
process being, first a positive, then a negative
and mediation, which is a starting point for a
higher unity; and, when the necessary stadia
have been passed, the mind going inductively
from elements to' principles, rises from the ma-
terial to ideal, and strata and vein system of tbe
mineral field are reflected or seen in the miud,
as they existed before the ores were filled in the
iron mountains or lead or copper veins.
Prehistoric Relics. — In the coal shale at
"Wezikon, according to a Swiss paper, a series
of pointed fir-poles covered with wicker-work
have been found. These are referred to as
being the most ancient evidence yet known of
the existence of man, and belonging- to the
period intervening between the two" glacial
epochs.
Ebullition of Sulphuric Aoid. — According
to M. Bobierre, sulphuric aoid may be caused
to undergo regular ebullition by the addition
of thin plates of platinum in the proportion of
180 grains of metal to 32 quarts of acid. The
whole is to be treated in a vessel of 65 quarts
capacity.
May 22, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
331
Icientific Progress.
The Transit and its Probable Results.
The fall result ol the patient watchings by
the various parties of the late tramit of Venus,
will not be fully worked up by the scientists for
several months. The first proxinvite deter-
mination of the distance of the sun from the
earth, hastily oomputed, comes from a French
source, in the form of a letter addressed to the
English, astronomer royal, Professor Airy, and
has been published by tne hitter. The compu-
tations are made by M. Puiseux, an astronomer
of the Paris observatory, from eye observations
at Peking, Ohina, and the island of St. Paul in
the Indian ocein. The result aunounced for
the solar parallax is 8.879 seconds. This is a
somewhat larger parallax than the favorite rig-
ores now in use among astronomers, though
not as high as some estimates that have been
made. I( correct it will reduce the distance of
the sun to about 91,900,000 miles. Professor
Newcomb's studies, in advance of the transit,
led him to the beliof that the distance would ulti-
mately be determined between 92,200,000 and
92,700,000.
Some of the Difficulties
To be met with in adjusting and comparing the
observations taken at the various points were
alluded to as follows by Mr. E. Colbert, at a
late meeting of the Chicago Academy of Sci-
ences: "I have called your attention at former
meetings to the difficulties which will be en-
countered in the attempt to reconcile these ob-
servations—difficulties arising from, first, the ir-
regular shape o( the earth, which is not a true
oblate spheroid; second, the irregular contour
of the sun, its surface being in a state of per-
petual commotion; and,, third, the errors of
observation, which may be regarded as an ex-
ternal kind of 'personal equation.' SummiDg
the probable average of these three factors of
error. I conclude that the astronomical world
will be fortunate if it is able to reconcile all
the observations so as to make it certain that
the accepted average is not more than 100,000
miles in error, or one part in 900 of the whole
distance.
"There is no reason to doubt that we already
know the distance of tho sun to within 300,000
miles. This is about one part in 300 of the
whole distance ; bonce the probability is that
observations of the transit of Venus in 1874,
on which more than $1,000,000 have been ex-
pended, and involving the equivalent of not
less than two hundred years of labor on the
part of on'e man, will only reduce tho uncer-
tainty to about one-third of its present magni-
tude; but this will be no mean achievement.
It is not saying too muoh to claim that this
result will be worth at least ten times the
money and labor expended in obtaining it."
What Cheap
Electricity
to Do.
is Expected
Electricity— Interesting Observations.
M. Yikjander, during one of the recent
Swedish expeditions to the arctic regions, made
extended investigations into the electrics! con-
dition of the air there existing. All his obser-
vations agree, says the Scientific American, in
showing that the atmosphere conducts elec-
trioity at temperatures relatively high, a cir-
cumstance to which may be attributed the
absence of thunder and the presence of the
aurora borealis. It has been suggested that this
is dne to the great humidity of the air in such
regions; bat it is evident that the phenomenon
must be ascribed to other causes, since the
same temperature and the same degree of hu-
midity do not produce a like effect in lower
latitudes. At less temperatures, — four degrees
and thirteen degrees F«ih., and below — the air
isolates better. Generally tho arctic atmosphere
appears to bo positively electrified, and the
earth negatively. In several instances the air
was effectively electric of itself, and this not
due to terrestrial induction. Dming certain
periods of the spring, at a time when the air
isolated relatively well, both ground and air
wtre charged with negative electricity. This
change of the electrical state of the atmosphere
was not a constant consequence of greater cold;
but wben the temperature had been lowered for
some time the air had an evident tendency
toward a negative condition.
There seems to be a natural connection be-
tween these facts and the aurora. During the
months of January aud February, the latter
phenomenon appeared daily, and was especially
noticeable on the 19th and 26th days of the
latter month. It then disappeared, to reappear,
however, on the 2d of March. At the same
time changes in the electricity of the air were
observed, suggesting the theory that the nega-
tive electricity, deprived of the possibility of
discharging itself into the aurora, was obliged
to accumulate in the lower atmospheric strata,
which isolated relatively well. From the 2d to
the 11th of March the aurora returned, and
during this period the air was in a good con-
ducting condition, or else, when effecting iso-
lation, was positively charged. Subsequent to
the latter date, the auroras ceased entirely, aod
an interval supervened, of low temperature
with negatively electrified air, which lasted un-
til the increasing light of the season of the year
precluded further auroral observations.
Curious Effect of Gas Flame. — Mr. S. J.
Mixter notices a curious effeot of a gas flame on
the current of a Holtz machine. The jet con-
sisted of a glass tube drawn out to a point, and
the flame had a length of about an inch, aud
a diameter of only an eighth of an inch. In-
serting this between the two terminals of the
machine, the length of spark obtainable was in-
creased from less than ten inches to over twelve
inches, the full distance to which the balls
could be separated. The same increase was
not obtained on simply insertiog a conductor
butweeu the two terminals, a ball an inch in
diameter only lengthening the spark about an
inch,
ECHANICAL PROGRESS
The recent improvemeuts in magneto-electric
apparatus in which, as is well known, all ex-
pensive batteries are discarded, t eing driven
by steam power alone, at an expense of five
oents per horse power per day, have given such
encouraging results that it is anticipated that
by further perfection powerful electric currents
may be produced oheap enough to perform the
operations of manufacturing ohemistry, thus
far performed by batteries, the hydro -oxygen
blow-pipe, by furnaces or expensive chemical
reaction, as acids, alkalies, etc.
An inventor in London, (not named in the
report from which we borrow the following de-
tails,) after having perfected a machine of the
kind mentioned, driven by two and a half horse
Ipower and equivalent to 500 Bunsen cells, but
costing only from twelve to fifteen- cents per
day to run it, is now making one equal to
1,000 such cells, by which he proposes to pro-
Iduoe chemically pure copper, which is now
[worth from three to four shillings per pound,
at the cost of ordinary commercial copper;
potassium and soda at less than' half their
present price; aluminum, now at seventy -five
lIshillingB per pound, at thirty or thirty-five
|shillings, and magnesium, calcium, and other
.rare metals at prices which will bring them
linto commercial use. The inventor of this
Umachine has even the courage to deolare that
he will purify two tonB of pig iron from phos-
jphorouBS sulphnr, carbon and silica in eight-
een or twenty minutes, at a saving of two-
thirds of the coal, This latter point may be
1 very doubtful, but everything certainly tends
Ijto the probability of a glorious triumph in
store for practical electrical scienoe.
M Curious Water Formation. — We were yes-
■terday presented with a curious specimen of
Uwater formation found in the penstock of the
Mountain mine, Silver mountain, Alpine Co.
The penstock was sixteen feet long, and the
water flowing into it formed four slabs, each
sixteen feet long, one foot wide and an inch
thick, with one side smooth and the other crys-
tallized, the edges being beveled. The forma-
tion was deposited within four years. A large
specimen is to be donated to the State library
I and another to the Agassiz institute. — Sacra-
mento Record, March 12th.
Size of a Molecule. — No person ever saw
>ne, but Sir William Thompson thinks that if
» drop of water could be magnified to the size
)f this earth the molecules would be as large
is a shot, or possibly as large as a cricket ball.
Curious Phenomenon. — A curious phenome-
non was noticed during a recent balloon ascent
by two experienced French aeronauts of thor-
ough scientific attainments, M. Tissandier aud
M. de Fonvielle. They were able to hear voices
from below, and remarks which indicated
that the persons in the balloon were visible
to the speakers, although at the time a cloud
obscured the surface of the earth from the view
of the aeronauts themselves. This occurrence
is explained by the hypothesis that a cloud may
be transparent and opaque at the same time,
according as it may be viewed in different di-
rections.
A New White Alloy. — The name "neo-
gene " is given by M. Sauvage to a new white
alloy composed of copper, 57 parts; zinc, 27
parts; nickel, 12 parts; tin, 2 pares; aluminum,
0.5 part; and bismuth, 0.5 part. It has a sil-
very appearance, is sonorous, tenacious, mal-
leable and ductile, and is recommended for
jewelry, as a substitute for silver in plate, and
for low coinage. The new elements in the
combination are those of the bismuth and
aluminum. The alloy is very homogeneous,
and is susceptible of a. high polish.
Metallic Belts and Band Saws.
Metal bands can never be employed success-
fully for the tnnflBUBBion of power, A soft
steel band one-twenty-fourth of an inch thick,
running over" a drum thirty-six inches indiam-
eter, the litter revolving 360 timeB por miuuie,
will last from 80 to 100 days, when it will break.
After splicing it will run from about five to
eight days, when it will break again; but at
this time it will buow several more cracks, and
perhaps be found to be already breaking in two
or three places. The metal band will not last
one-fiftieth part as long as the leather band
under these conditions. On smaller or larger
drums the band will last a correspondingly lon-
ger or shor'er period.
Band saw-blades' also act in the same man-
ner. Many an apparently sound saw-blade
from one-fourth to one-half inch in width
breaks every day or ofteuer, which it did not
do when first put on. It has become brittle on
account of the great number of times it has
been bent. It is, in fact, what we call worn
out, By using a band-saw when new, the
blade be'ing from one-fourth to one-half inch in
width, it can be used up to one-eighth or with-
in oue-sixfeenth of an inch without breaking.
According to a statement from a good author,
metal bands also stretch— and very much too.
Some were well tried about twelve years ago.
Another objection, in many if not all cases, is
the expansion and contraction resulting from
differences in temperature, the band being at
one time so tight that it would break, and at
other times so long as to slip. This, however,
could probably be obviated by a tightening
pulley; but the use of this pulley would in
many cases be inconvenient. — Scientific Amer-
ican.
internal Grooving in Steam Boilers.
In the last annual report of the Hartford
Bteam boiler insurance company we rind,
among many other not generally suspected
causes of boiler weakening and consequent ex-
plosions, the following: This defect (internal
grooving) arises from similar causes in the use
of impure water. In a former report it was
stated that internal grooving was caused prin-
cipally by a disturbance of the fiber of the iron,
caused by the effort of the boiler under heat to
adjust itself to certain conditions. Thus a
boiler, as is well known, is made of sheets or
plates with the edges lapping one over the
other. It will be readily seen that no matter
how well a boiler is constructed its form can
only approximate to a true cylinder. Hence,
under internal pressure, the effort to arrive at
a perfect cylindrical form brings an undue
strain to bear along the inner edge of the lap,
which, by being varied from time to time un-
der different degrees of pressure, is affected
very much as a piece of iron would be by bend-
ing it back and forth many times, only in less
degree. Now, this continued variation from
day to day, year in and year out, disturbs the
fiber of the iron along the edge of the lap, and
renders if more liable to the attack of acids in
the water. It will be seen in these cases that
the groove is narrow, and looks as though it
had been originally cut with a tool. The
grooves along the girth-seams are oaused in a
similar way. The heat on the bottom of the
boiler expands it more than the other portions,
and there is a tendency to cause the boiler to
bend back and forth at a point or at points at
right angles to its length. These points are
along the edge of the inner lap of the girth-
seam. The fiber becomes disturbed and loos-
ened, and is consequently readily attacked by
the acids in the water. Fretting of the boiler
in its setting doubtless aggravates the difficulty.
This defect has been attributed by some to gal-
vanic action. One obstacle to this theory,
however, would seem to be the fact that the
corrosion is confined to such narrow limits.
Progress of the Arts.
A most noteworthy illustration of the pro-
gress of some of our arts is this, that those
who practice them are daily becoming not only
more willing to lay by their older machinery
but with haste and energy are throwing it out
and bringing in new.
It is hardly longer ago than yesterday that
watches began to be made by cunningly devised
machinery, which in nearly alt of its details is
less liable to error than the hands that made it,
and yet this very perfect machinery has en-
tirely supplanted and driven out of use, or at
least out of a very wide market, the primitive
hand fixtures by which the same work was
done before.
Some of our iron mills have before now been
spoken of, not with literal truth to be sure, but
yet with a handsome margin in favor of the
statement, as using acres of cog-wheels and
similar fixtures in doing their work, and the
too with each piece running into or against its
neighbor with a rattle and a roar that needs to
be seen and heard to be appreciated. Strange
to say there aTe#still those who retain in use
these antique relics, but their balance-sheet
will nevertheless rule them out before long, or
else it will order a halt, more ruinous perhaps
than an entire transformation would be.
Our technical schools, and the societies
which are in a large measure their outgrowth,
have done ereat things for our metallurgical
enterprises, most df all, it is quite safe to say,
in pointing out the way in which has lain the
possibility of improvement, leaving those
whose hands perform the actual labor of man-
ufacture to draw in closely to the path thus
shown and to bring up every detail that may
be thus found to be in arrears.
One of England's best writers has said that
there are rarely more than a very few in each
generation who really take the great steps of
industrial progress, by which their contempo-
raries and their successors find themselves ad-
vancing, so that the great majority of the rank
and file can hope to do little more than to fill
up as completely and richly as may be the great
outlines thus sketched.
;
Ozone. — According to Schoene, ozone is
partly destroyed by passing through water.
The extent of this action depends on the length
of time the gas is in contact with the water and
the surface exposed. Ozone is dissolved by
water in small quantity. The quantity of ozone
destroyed by the water is far greater than the
quantity absorbed. Ozone does not oxidise
water to hydric peroxide. Ozonised oxygen
standing over water is converted into ordinary
oxygen in about fifteen days,» with change of
volume.
An Earthquake Record. — In examining
some large saltpetre caves in Franklin county,
Mo., the columns of spar that had boon formed
by the dripping of water, and reached from the
roof to the clay in the bottom of the caves, had
been fractured horizontally, each at the same
level. Here was the record of an earthquake,
probably that of New Madrid in 1811.
Force of the Wind. — During the tornado of
March 4th, the vibration of-the Cape May light-
house was so great that the oil in the lamps
spilled out of the bowls. A bucket of water
has frequently spilled over during some of the
gales which howl along the coast.
Bessemer Steel Works in Sweden. — Ac-
cording to the latest accounts, there are now
thirteen Bessemer Bteel works in operation in
Sweden. In most of these works great atten-
tion is being paid to the production of extremely
soft steel, or rather what should be termed
Bessemer iron, as, when of the desired quality
it only contains from 0.1 to 0.15 per cent, car-
bon, and at moat should not exceed 0.2 per
cent, carbon, in order to qualify it for making
the soft steel plates, for which there is so great
a demand. The Swedish steel makers have,
however, found very considerable difficulty in
keeping up a uniform production of this
quality from the Bessemer converters, which
are'usually in Sweden fed direct from the blast
furnace, not only because such almost pure
metallic iron requires so high a temperature to
keep it in perfect fusion, that it is much dis-
posed to solidify and form sculls or crusts in
the pouring ladled, but also beoause the metal
thus nearly free from carbon is more apt to
take up oxygen and become redshort, which
can only be corrected by the addition of spieg-
eleisen, which in its turn is apt to introduce so
much carbon as to elevate the percentage of
carbon in the product above what was in
tended. These circumstances aie now com
bining to make the Swedish Bessemer steel
manufacturer very cautious as to taking con-
tracts for large quantities of such soft Bteel,
except at sufficiently high prices to cover all
risks.
Five Hundred Shots a Minute.
A machine-gun was exhibited and tested a
few days since in the Twenty-second regiment
armory. Mr. William B. Far well, the inventor,
operated and explained his invention. Among
those who saw the experiment were Col. John
E. Gowan and Col. Knox of the Ordnance Bu-
reau, Col, Porter and many other officers of the
National Guard.
Mr. Farwell's invention consists of ten steel
barrels of twenty-five calibre, arranged exactly
parallel to each other in ametallic frame. From
center to center of the outer barrels is three
feet. Each barrel is charged separately from.a
magazine containing fifty rounds of ammuni-
tion. The charging, firing and extraction of
exploded shells are all accomplished by the
turning of one crank, at each revolution of
which the whole ten barrels are disohargjd,
emptied and reloaded.
With relays of magazines five hundred shots
can be fired a minute. A system of cog wheels
connects the firing crank with a traverse, and
each turn of the crank traverses the exact
width of the target. Thus the gun is automatic
in this particular, designed to pick off a line
of battle in regular detail.
Its points-of difference from the Gatling gun
are in the simultaneous loading and firing of
ten barrels, the latter loading each barrel
through the same magazine aperture and firing
but one shot at a time,
Mr. Farwell had only one magazine at the
trial yesterday, so the actual rapidity of fire
attainable was not demonstrated. The fifty
shots contained by that one magazine, how-
ever, were several times fired in six seconds.
The appearance of the target after firing, all
the shots having struck at about the hight of a
man's breast, showed how irresistibly destruc-
tive such a weapon would be in a street fight or
in resisting a charging enemy. — N~. T. Sun.
An Improved Blower. — Mr. D. P. Morri-
son, of Newcastle -on-Tyne, civil and mining
engineer, has patented an invention which re-
fers to ventilators, fans, and blowing machines,
and consists of a casing having one or more
inlets and outlets, and of blades made to re-
volve in the casing, so as to draw in air at one
part and discharge it at another part. The
provisional specification describes the construc-
tion of blades so that they widen out towards
their periphery, and are slightly curved in a
forward direction; also the making of the in-
let or inlets of funnel shape or conical; also
where there are inlets on both sides of the
casing, the employment of a disc in the middle
of the fan to prevent the opposite currents in-
terfering with each other.
A new process for ornamenting metal sur-
faces has been recently invented in this coun-
try. It consists in plating, electro -plating, or
otherwise covering a plate, bar, or ingot of soft
metal and then rolling out or pressing the
ingot into a sheet; whereby the coating is bro-
ken into irregular forms, and a marbleized ap-
pearance produced on the surface of the sheet.
A Kentuckia n has invented a street car, the
motive power of which is compressed _ air,
acting the same as steam upon an ordinary
engine. The seats of the car are the air reser-
voirs.
332
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[May 22, 1875
Sales at S. F. Stock Exchange.
FRIDAY, a. M., May 14.
160 Alpha 20@19tf
520 Belcher '28@2t>
700 Best A Bel 47&@4ti}£
420 Bullion 46®46J^
17 Bacon 5
420 Baltimore O^n. ..bb&MH
35 Caledonia 17i£@!7
1675 California 56@55£f
520 Chollar 6S@70
30 ....do b 5. .70
120 Con Virginia... 410(3417^
795 Crown Point. . .27M@23h.
50 do b 3D. .2851
60 Empire Mill 5^@6
425 Gould* Uurry.l7,\i@li&
700 Globe \%®\%
105 Hale & Norcroaa. . .38fed39
180 Imperial 7ilA
1L5 Justice 90@100
675 Julia ...7ta)6M
230 Kentuck I3>j@13
60 Lady Bryan "....4
1745 Mexican 19>V@2D^
2590 Uphir 59&@58>£
10 ..do b 10..59J4
285 Overman 59@58
63 Seg Belcher 85M80
60 Succor A&
135 SHill 9^
170 ..do b 5. .10
135 Savage ,94@90
3 &V<
19J SierraNevada JOX
815 Union
200 ..do b
175 Yellow Jacket,.. 7
AFTERNOON SESSION.
125 AmericanFlag 2@2&
850 American Flat. ...4@3i»
655 Andes 3K&3&
50 ..do b 5..3&
50 ..do s30..3%
275 Belmont.
1000 CaliBtoga
150 Condor 1
200 Constitution.. b 30. .87^c
2545 Cosmopolitan
495 Dayton
470 Eureka Con 41@i4}£
600 El Dorado South 75c
570 Eclipse 6
25 Empire 1 2,1*
20 Eureka 6
200 Gila 4Jfi
1390 Golden Chariot. .. .saflgfi
1(h) ....do b5..6
100 ....do b 1(1. .6
550 Jefferson 8J4@8^
60 KKCon '1%
150 Kossuth VA
50 Leviathan VA
150 Leopard U&
170 Lady Wash 1&
275 Meadow Valley.. ..6^@f
600 MauBtield \%<m
100 Mi-nt 25c
305 New York ; \%
fiOO Niagara I5@l!ijst
300 N Carson.. 10c
610 OrlgGold Hill...2H@17s
80 Occidental 3@2ft
50 Piocbe 3
100 Prussian 3
475 Panther \%%t
210 Poorman 8@7J$
350 Prospect 4
235 Rayuiond<fcKly....43@4l
50 Rock Island 5>£
50 South Chariot 2%
100 SGHill.. 2
50 Tyler :....60c
895 Woodville 2%m%
100 War Eagle 43*
300 Webfoot 75c
SATURDAY, A. M., MAT 15.
200 Alpha 20319!*
a00 Belcher 28@2fl
62Q Best A Belcher lBo.50
925 Bullion 49@5Ufc
335 Bal Con S@4fa
■100 ...do ...b 30..5>£
290 Crown Point 29@283j
3120 California S9fg)5Bg
io ....do b30..59j
270 Chollar....
100 Caledonia
100 Confidence 19
130 Con Virginia. ..425@42W«
64i) Eureka Uon 45@43
155 EmoireMill Wfei&A
575 Globe 1*6
325 Gould A Curry.. .18(31734
115 Hale A Nor 40@42W
20 ....do b30. ,423a
230 Imperial 8
140 Julia 1@VA
35 Justice 99@IU0
60 ..do b 30..97H
260 Knickerbocker 2>£
125 Kentuck 13><
100 Lady Bryan i%®*h
90 Meadow Valley 7
645 Mexican 20,l4(3)20^
2305 Ophir 5»^@60
30 ..do b 30. .61
50 ..do b5..6l
230 Overman 60@6
80 Raymond*; Ely. Ai@ililA
1M) Savage ...97@10;
125 SierraNevada ...ll@U!t
20 Seg. Beicher 85@8i
50 Succor 1%
lzO Silver Hill 9M@«
450 Union "
100 ..do b 5
165 Utah 5J*
155 Yellow Jacket 80@fi-
MONDAY, A. M., Mat 17.
There was no session of
the Exchange this morning,
through reBpeot to the mem-
ory of Mrs. Senator Sharon.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
315 American Flat lwV:}
85 Alpha ..lBSlS,1*.
765 Best* Bel 49&@48&
?35 Baltimore Con 5@5M
245 Belcher 30@30M
695 Bullion 48jl@47
5 Bacon 6
245 Chollar,
295 Crown Point 30&31
70 Con Virginia.: 420
140 Caledonia 17@16Js
10 Challenge ,
600 California 57'
100 Daney
830 Eureka Con 45@47>i
400 Globe 1«
395 Gould & Curry. ,.18@18M
120 Hale A Nor 40@41
60 Imperial 1%
65 Julia 7
10 Justice %■'!)!
180 Knickerbocker... 2) -(a'-J-1.!'
210 Kentuck 14@l4k
175 L*dy Bryan !' ^
1365 Mexican l9J££gHl
500 MValley ""
955 New York \%{
2-5K5 Ophir 53J#|
110 Overman el^,-
20 Rock Island 5
125 RayAEly 56@55
6."i Savage 105@107
95 S Nevada 11@11M
5 Seg Belcher S5
20 Succor VA
70 Silver-Hill.
20 Trench....
185 Union Con
225 Woodville 2:J.i'o:>2-u
125 Yellow Jacket 81
TUESDAY, a.'m., Mat 18.
10 Alpha 18
195 American Flat 4%@5
150 Belcher 29^©29
)00 ..do b 30. .30
765 Best A Belcher 46@47
200 Baltimore Don.. i%@AU
570 Bullion 46@47
195 Chollar .....75S72
550 Crown Point ...31^(SiiW!4
340 Con Virginia. ...405@410
ft5 Challenge 6@6M
1710 California 55>£®55
300 ....do s 90. .55
170 Caledonia lft£jh>M
340 Dayton 3
41) Empire Mill.... til,
fi90 Gould & Ourry.l7?4@l7>a
400 Globe l,"*@l{.i
50 Hale A NorcruSH.33@37^
330 Imperial 7^(2*7
210 Julia Bfeffltf
90 Knickerbocker. 2H
130 Kentuck 13K
50 ..do b30..l4
70 Lady Bryan 4J4@4-W
940 Mexican 18J£@16?4
1360 New YorK U6@L%
415 Overman 6-1
4385 Ophir 51^@50
50 Rook Island 4£4
'120 Savage 101@9S
10 ..do b 30. .102
350 S Nevada 10^@I0
15 See Belcher 85
40 Succor lftSlM
115 S Hill 9M@9
550 Union 6M@5%
470 Utah 0@5%
ia5 Woodville 2M
65 Y Jacket 78
AFTERNOON SESSION.
200 American Flag . . . .2@2l4
100 Alpha. 25o
1515 Andes 3@3*j
50 ..do b30..S^
175 Belmont ...,2M
225 Cherry Creek 2@2&
1050 Cosmopolitan.. ,.40to)35c
860 Eureka Con 47@48
100 El Dorado N 715c
100 El Dorado S 75c
70 Empire 2
665 G- Chariot 5&®6
300 Gila 5@5M
150 IdaEUmore 50£$U9fi
1840 Jefferson 9j£@9
480 KKOon 2%f)3
70 Kossuth 134
1310 Leopard 16M@16
100 Leviathan 1
840 Meadow Valley.... 7@64(
110 Mahogany ." 10
200 Mint 150
200 Maryland 1
200 NCaraon 10c
100 Orig Gold Hill 2J4
410 Poorman 7&®8
150 Prussian Jv
300 Proapeot 4
400 ....do b5..4
100 Pioneer 1&
120 Raymond & Ely....42(&(l
50 do S30..42
100 S V Water 103
100 S Chariot :2k
200 Tiger .30c
100 War Eagle ilA@i!4
50 Wells-Fargo 25c
WEDNESDAYa. m. May 19.
260 Alpha 17
1465 Beat &. Belcher.. 42$£@42
500 Belcher 2S'ai26&
505 Bullion 45@46^
100 Bacon 5
i:i0 Baltimore Con...4^@4J4
370 Chollar 67<afil>6
10 ..do B30..70
395 Crown Point 30@29>£
10 ....do b 30. .303?
95 Confidence 17(2116W
275 Con Virginia.. .402**@398
50 do s 90. .400
10 do S30..400.
2085 California 53fe@52
100 ....do s 30. .52
100 ....do s 90..S3K
130 Caledonia 14@14>?
75 Challenge 6
100 Daney 50c
260 Eclipse : 6
315 Empire Mill 4
10 Exchequer 275
300 Globe 1?6@U&
520 UouldJt Curry 11(316
100 Hale & NorcrosB. . .38@35
820 Imperial 6^@5%
995 Julia 8@8g
40 Justice..' 90to87?£
30 ..do b 30. .90
145 Kentuck. 13;cul3M
285 Lady Bryan 4®!^
1070 Mexican 14)|@15
50 ..do b 10..UM
!195 Ophir SliffSas
20 ..do b30..39.^
825 Overman 55(352
105 Savage 93@93
520 SierraNevada 9M@9
10 S Belcher....
90 SHill
450 Succor
75a Union Con 5@5M
220 Utah 55$@5M
110 Yellow Jacket 7b@75
..8¥
AFTERNOON 8ESBION.
50 AmericanFlag 2M
210 American Flat 4@3^
1420 Andes 3?fi@33fi
200 ....do b30..3?f
100 ....do bl0..3*6
435 Belmont 2J4'@2*H'
400 Oalistoga 5@2
400 ....do b 5. .5
150 Cherry CreeK 2@lAi
550 Cosmopolitan. ..37!4@40o
400 Condor 75<aj80c
-50 . do s 10. .80
175 Dayton 2 %m
50 Dardanelles iH
762 Eureka Con 47@46>£
100 El Dorado South 75o
30 Eureka 5
680 Gila f>%
1410 G Chariot 5W@5#
50 ....do b 30. .57s
50 Ida Ellmore 21ij
530 Jefferson 9@9M
515 KKOon 3
130 Kosauth 1M
390 Leopard 15j£@15&'
100 Leviathan ..1
15 Meadow Valley. .6^a@6S
200 Mansfield 4
255 Mahogany 9«@10
300 Mint 12^@10c
200 Maryland 85c
1745 New York \%%\%
10 Occidental...-. 3
370 Orlg Gold Hill 2
95 Pioche 2
300 Panther VA
50 Poorman 7iM
900 Prospect 4
555 Raymond & Ely..4l@40M
20 Rye Patch 2
120 Rock iBland 4@4M
400 S Chariot 2M@2
50 Senator 1
50 S V Water 103
300 Webfoot 62^0
170 War Eagle AWalfa
340 Woodville 2H®2%
10(1 ....do s 90. .2^
650 Wella-Fargo 20o
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THIS COMPARED.
THURSDAY, a. m., Mat 20.
170 Alpha._.......l8>!@19&'
THURSDAY, a.m., MAY 18.
290 Alpha MiffiMnfc
235 Baltimore Con . . .
420 Bests Belcher..
340 Beloher.
,7iiY
480 Beat 4 Belcher.. 4.V
160 Baltimore Con.. .4'
200 Beloher 2J
1375 Bullion 48®50
70 Caledonia 17Jfi
530 Crown Point 29M@50
505 Chollar 70@72
150 Confidence 18@I8^
210 Con Virginia 429@432
1248 California 56^@58
60 Daney 1
35 Empire Mill 7
20 Exchequer 275
130 Hale & N.orcross...35@37
425 Could & Curry.,. 18@ fir '
375 Globe l^@l
355 Imperial
125 Justice 110.01115
480 Julia 7@7J4
160 Kentuck 13,«@l3M
50 Knicker 2%
240 Lady Bryan. .......4@4M
840 Mexican 22M@23
2350 Ophir 653i@6fi
415 Overman 59@61
145 Savage 93@'^5
230 SNevada 10>s!310a'
J95 Silver Hill 9j|@l
315 Union Con 7@t\
535 Utah 5^®6
85 Yellow J acket .77
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1175 Andes. 3@ ..
350 American Flag 'J1-
300 Belmont. 3@3M
20 Challenge 7
2600 Cosmopolitan 75@87c
700 Gornuoopia \%
100 Condor
250 Dayton
1040 Eureka Con
100 El DoradoS 87.^
3b Empire 2>t
20 Eclipse 6
385 Golden Chariot.. ..6@63^
310 Jefferson 8@8>£
300 Koasuth VA
300 K K Con 2S4Q2K
300 Leopard 14@l4J4
300 Maryland 1
700 Mint "_
20 Mahogany 9
100 Mansfield 5)£
235 Meadow Valley.. 7!4@7&
51' North Carson 20c
450 Niagara 10@15(
,570 New York .13f@12i
100 Orig Gold Hill... 2W@2?l
480 Occidental 2&@:
15"0 Pioneer 1J4@1>£
400 Prospect
880 Poorman ".,„
650 Panther 1%
605 Rav & Kly 44)£@4S
200 SChariot 2)4
1350 SGHill 1%
100 Tiger 50c
llll Woodville 2^@3
600 War Eagle 5)£
534 Bullion 45J^(
50 Caledonia W,'
2395 California bl
300 Crown Point...
565 Chollar Potosi. . .74@78J$
50 Confidence .... YV&
110 Con Vireinla...400@402}2
90 Daney 50c
200 Empire Mill A^%i%
415 Gould & Curry. WA® 17 ?i
75 Hale & Norcross.37^@38
205 Imperial <&%
25 Justice .87@90
16') Julia 8J&@89£
U0 Knickerbocker.... 2@2^
30 Kentuck 13
165 Lsdv Bryan 3^|@4
1060 Mexican 16J4@17l4
4555 Ophh- 41@44
350 Overman 58(3)60
100 Silver Hill JS^
200 Succor l^@Ufi
25 Heg Belcher 8H
60 "-
380 Sierra Nevada... 10@103^
355 Union Oon 5J<@6
80 Utah .SMfoiS^
20 Yellow Jacket... 16^^77
AFTEENOON SESSION.
30 American Flat... 2%@2U
.400 AmericanFlag 2%
2055 Andes 2}im%
60 Belmont 2%
650 Cosmopolitan 45o
50 Cherry Creek VA
240 Condor 75c
20 Empire, 1 1M
2075 Eureka Con 4(i@50
585 Golden Chariot... .5ftS®)6
150 Gila 7.. .6
75 Ida Ellmore 2%
970 Jefferson 9M@9ifi
300 KKCon -£%@t
50 Leviathan 1
150 Lady Wash ..1
300 Leopard 15^@15-^
75 Meadow Valley..6^ia6Jt
240 Mint . Iftc
300 Maryland . . .' 85c
450 Mahogany 10
530 New York \%
20 Occidental : 3
250 Pioneer V%
50 Prospect 4
8U0 Panther l&
275 Prussian 3
50 Pioche 2
50 Raymond &, Ely ...43
80 Rye Patch 1%
500 South Cal 2
300 SGHill 1«
350 South Chariot 1%
20 Rock Island 4i4
1225 Wells-Fargo 20c
515 Woodville 2X
350 War Eagle 4M
The Mining Stock Market.
The prices of mining stocks this week have
been even lower than they were daring last
week. In fact the bottom seems to have dropped
ont of the market altogether. Ophir, the great
leader of the market, touched $35 on Wednes-
day, the lowest price for many months. The
transactions in this stock, however, are very
large, as they are in California at its present
prices. All other descriptions of stock sympa-
thize with the leaders and the prices of all are
off. There is no more reason for this sudden
depression than there was for the recent rise.
There is no use, however, in trying to account
for the depression. It is evident, however,
that the market is very much "off." The
winze below the 1600-foot level of the Ophir
had run perpendicularly through the ore to the
west wall, owing to the regular easterly dip of
the ledge; but since then it has been following
the ledge itself in the form of an incline, and
the bottom of this incline waB, at last accounts,
in ore assaying over $300 to the ton. This
would indicate that the ore vein is all right,
or will be found so when properly developed.
Progress at the Sutro Tunnel.
The following is the report of progress in the
Sutro tunnel, for week ending May 15, 1875:
Number ol feet in tunnel, May 8 9,342
Number of feet driven during week 66
Distance in, May 16 9,408
Details of work performed, are as follows,
heading being 8x10 feet:
Holes drilled 456
Holes blasted 456
Holes re-blasted 74
Aggregate depth 2,358 feet
Average depth 6 13-76
Powder consumed 1,297 fts
Exploders consumed 630
Car-loads ■ 407
Kock. — Conglomerate; very hard and tough,
requiring an extra amount of powder to blast.
"VVateb. — Flowing from tunnel, 72 miners in-
ches. No water in face. Temperature of
water at all points, 760.
Temperature of air at heading, 90°; shaft
No. 1, east, 77°; west, 68°; shaft No. 2, east,
78°; west, 80°; mouth, 52°.
[Signed] A. Strnto, Gen. Supt.
The San Francisco Stock Exchange has made
its appearance in the field of journalism. The
new paper, as its name indicates, is devoted to
the interests of the stock dealing community.
It exhibits a very good make-up and a plain,
pleasing typographical appearance. Arthur
McEwen, well known in newspaper circles, and
formerly connected with this office, is the
editor. We are anxious to see how "Mac"
will come out in figuring up Ophir dividends
and Consolidated Virginia assessments, but are
confident that his familiarity with millions will
carry him through all right. Surely it will
not be our young friend's fault if the new
enterprise is not a perfect success.
The Postmaster-General, under authority
of the Act of Congress of June 8th, 1875, has
ordered that the rate of United States postage
on letters sent to or received from foreign
countries with which different rates have not
been established by Postal Convention or other
arrangement, when forwarded by vessels regu-
larly employed in transporting the mails, be
reduced from ten to five cents on each half
ounce or fraction thereof, to take effect July
1st, 1875.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals. ]
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company. . Location. No.
American Flag MAM Co Washoe 7
American Flat M Co Washoe 6
Baltimore Cona M Co Washoe 8
Belmont M Co Nye Co Nevada 5
Booth G M Co Cal 1
Caledonia S M Co Washoe 12
Chariot Mill AMRo San Diego Oo Cal 3
Chief of the Hill M Oo Washoe 6
Chollar-Potosi M Oo Washoe 6
Europa M Oo Washoe 3
Gold Mt G M Co Bear Valley Oal 5
Bale & Noroross S M Co Washoe 46
Hnhn & Hunt S M Oo Ely District 11
Tda Ellmore M Oo "
Iowa M Co
Julia G A S M Oo
Knickerbocker M Co
Lady Bryan M Co
Lady Washington M Co
MintGASM Oo
Nevada Land A M Co,
New York Cons M Oo
New York M Oo
Niagara GA S M Oo
Ophir S M Co
Piocne S M Oo
Prussian G & S M Oo
Raymond A Ely M Co
Kock Ielani.1 GiSMCo
Savage M Oo
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Silver Cord M Co
South Chariot M Co
South Comstock G A S M Oo
Succor MA M Oo
Woodville Oons S M Co
Yellow Jacket S M Oo
tdaho 17
Washoe 3
Washoe 22
Washoe 1'2
Washae 1
WaBhos 3
Washoe 10
ElkoOoNev 17
Washoe 13
Washoe 4
Washoe 1
Washoe 29
Ely District 9
Washoe 4
Piocbe 4
Washoe 8
Washoe 8
Washoe 41
) daho
Idaho
Washoe _
WaBhoe II
WaBhoe 1
Washoe 20
Ami.
SO
1 00
1 00
1 06
u
3 00
25
2 05
1 00
50
5 00
1 00
5 00
1 00
13
25
50
1 00
5 00
Levied.
Mar 26
April 10
April 12
Mav 10
Mar 31
May 10
April 17
Mar 26
April 14
April 14
May I
April 13
May 7
April 29
May 13
May 12
April 27
May 10
April 17
May 12
May 14
April 22
April 22
April 16
May 14
MayS
Mar 24
April I
May 19
April 27
May 3
April 24
Mar 30
April 9
April 8
Mar 25
April 7
'. Deling'nt. Sale.
May 4 May 28
May 14
May 19
June 14
May 3
June 12
May 22
May 21
May 18
May 20
June 5
May 18
June 15
June 4
June 14
June 15
May 29
June 10
May 21
June 16
June 19
May 25
May 25
May 19
June 17
J una- 10
May 3
May 10
June 21
May 31
June 5
May 31
May 4
May 12
May 13
April 28
May 11
June 2
June 7
July 6
May 25
Julyl
June 14
May 27
June 8
June 8
Julyl
June 9
JulyS
June 25
JulyT
July 3
Jane 13
June 29
JuneS
July 9
July 8
June 12
June 12
JuneS
July 8
Julyl
May 22
June 5
July 12
June 19
June 24
June 21
May 25
May 31
June 3
May 17
June 11
Secretary. Place of Business.
Geo R Spinney 320 California s*
331 Montgomery at
331 Montgomery st
402 Montgomery st
320 California at
C A Sankey
C A Sankey
O H Bogart
Geo tt apinney
R Wegener
F Swift
Charles S Neal
W E Dean
R B Noyes
J P Cavallier
J F Llghtner
T L Kimball
O B Hlggins
A D Carpenter
A Noel
J H Sayre
F Swift
H O Klbbe
D A Jennings
Wm H Watson
H O Kibbe
H O Kibbe
W R Towneend
J Marks
O E Elliott
R H Brown
J W Oolburn
J W Clark
E B Holmee
R Wegener
O B Hiftgins
O H Bogart
J M Buffington
W H Watson
W M Helman
G W Hopkins
414 California st
419 California st
419 California b&
419 California si:
419 California at
513 California st
438 California st
409 California st
402 Montgomery st
605 Clay st
419 California at
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California 8t
419 California Bt
401 California st
302 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California st
3J0 Pine st
419 California Bt
419 California Bt
402 Montgomery st
418 Calif orniast
418 California st
41d California at
414 California Bt
402 Montgomery st
402 Montgomery st
Merchants' Kx
302 Montgomery at
401 California st
Gold Hill Nevada
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alhambra Q M Oo Sonoma Co Cal
Annie Beloher Quicksilver M Co Cal 1
Boniamin M A M Co Lyon Co Nevada 2
Booth G M Co Placet Oo Oal 1
Cherokee Flat Blue Gravel M Co Cal 34
Chicago Quicksilver M Oo Oal 1
Chrysopolis G & S M Oo Washoe 10
<'oe G M Oo Grass Valley Oal 1
Combination G A S M Oo Inyo Co Cal 6
Cherry Crdek M A M Co Nev 3
Cordillera G A S M Co Mexico
El Dorado Slate Oo Oal 2
Empire A Middleton Oons Q M Oo Cal 1
Equitable Tunnel & M Co Utah 10
Florence M Co Humboldt Co Cal 2
Geneva Cons S M Oo Nevada
Gold Run M Oo Nevada Co Oal 11
International G M Co Oal 1
Kentucky G & S M Co Washoe 8
Lake Oo Quioksilver M Co Oal fi
Magenta S M Co GraaB Valley Oal 2
Mariposa L A M Co Cal 1
Martin & Walling M <fc M Co Oal
Missouri Q M Co Sonoma Co Cal 1
Monumental M Co Washoe 1
Minnie Tunnel A M Co Utah 1
North Oarson S M Co I
New York Cons M Co Washoe 13
North Bloomfield Gravel M Co Cal 37
OmegaTableMtMOo Cal 5
Orleans MOo Grass Valley Oal 4
Pioneer Cons M Co Eureka Nev 3
Rocky Bat M Co WaBhoe
Silver Central OonsM Co Washoe
Silver Peak M Oo
Silver Sprout M Co
South Overman S M Co
Stanislaus River M Co
St Helena G & S M Oo
NtPaulGi S MOo
Union Gravel M Oo
Virginia Cons M Co
Weaverville D & H M Co
5 May 10
20 April 10
10 April 14
15 ~J
5
10
April 14
Mar 31
Washoe
Cal
Washoe
Cal
Napa Co Oal
Napa Oo Oal
Nevada Co Oal
Inyo Oo Oal
Oal
Nevada Co Cal
Calaveras Co Oal
April 23
— April 9
10 May 7
60 April 23
10 April 22
25 May 18
10 MayS
25 April 28
10 April 17
25 May 12
10 May 15
25 May 13
15 April 7
15 Mar 2
20 Mar 18
10 May 10
50 April 9
1 00 Mar 10
,50 April 24
25 April 16
25 April 17
5 April 28
25 May 12
1 00 April 22
1 00 April 14
IS' April 30
1 00 April 27
10 May 18
10 April 22
5 May 10
50 Mar 29
6 Feb 17
50 May 11
40 April 1
20 April 17
10 April 17
1 00 May 8
10 April 21
1 00 May 4
35 May 11
10 April 27
June 10
May 12
May 22
Mav 3
May 29
May 10
June 10
May 26
May 27
June 21
June 18
May 27
May 28
June 16
June 16
June 14
May 10
May 5
Anril 28
June 18
May 13
May 13
May 25
May 17
May 19
June 1
June 16
May 25
May 12
June 5
June 1
June 23
May 27
June 15
May 6
April 17
June 12
MayS
May 20
May 20
Juoe 14
June 1
June 7
June 12
June 3
June 16
May 31
June 14
May 25
June 19
May 3L
June 29
June 16
June 18
July 15
July 3
June 11
June 17
July 7
July 7
June 30
June 4
May 24
Mav 22
JulyS
June 1
Jane 7
June 15
June 7
June 8
June 22
July 7
June 12
Jnne 6
June 28
June 22
June 17
July 6
May 28
June 17
June 29
May 22
June 10
June 10
July 6
June 28
July 7
June 30
June 24
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Arizona S M Co
Bacon M 4 M Co
Crown Point S M Co
Cherry Creek M A M Co
CadmQB M Co
Excelsior Quicksilver M Co
Ingomar S M Oo
Franklin M Co
Lady Bryan M Co
Rye Patob Cona MiMCo
Mides Q A S M Co
Mount Savage M Oo
Wheeler M Oo
Location.
Washoe
WaBhoe
Washoe
Nevada
Nevada
Cal
Nevada
Washoe
Nevada
Nevada
Secretary.
Wm Miles
Ed May
C lias E Elliott
D F Verdenal
J Campbell
R Von Pfester
I'luwS Neal
Wm H Watson
Called by Trustees
D F Verdenal
L Kaplan
D F Verdenal
J Campbell
Office in S-F.
419 California Bt
419 California at
419 California st
409 California st
232 California st
Merchants' Ex
419 California st
302 Montgomery st
419 California st
409 California st
Merchants' Ex
409 California st
232 California Bt
R Von Pflatet
J M Buffington
L Leavitt
G R Spinney
0 H Bogart
G R Cottrell
A Noel
A Treadwell
D Wilder
D F Verdenal
Henry R Reed
Hugh Elias
J G Riley
C S Healy
J E Delevan
1 T Milliken
O O Palmer
J M Buffington
R Goldsmith
Andrew Baird
L Kaplan
L Leavitt
B F Hickox
F H Rogers
WRTownsend
H B Congdon
Nathan Leigh
H O Klbbe
TIiob Derby
D Wilder
Geo P Thurston
O S Neal
J P Oavallier
L Hermann
G T GraveB
T B Wingard
D Wilder
W Stuart
R Von Pflster
R Von PfiBter
T Derby
T H Wingard
F H Rogers
J M Buffington
L Hermann
Meeting.
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
401 California Bt
320 California st
402 Montgomery at
310 Kearny at
419 California st
531 California st
Merchants' Ex
409 California st
321 Washington Bt
416 Montgomery st
432 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
220 Montgomery at
302 Montgomery at
41 Market st
Merchants' Ex
10-i Sansome st
316 California st
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
40S California st
330 Pine st
330 Pine Bt
Merohants TEx
416 California st
419 California st
320 California st
Merchants' Ex
315 California Bt
419 California st
513 California at
330 Pine Bt
240 Montgomery st
318 California st
Merchants' Ex
113Leidesdorffst
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
320 California Bt
318 California st
330 Pine st
311 California st
Merchants' Ex
l
k
I
-'
i
1
'i
I
tt,
'=:
ia
k,
P
m
s-.:
R-
tu
Bate,' -1
Jun.l' -
June 1 ;:;
Jum 7 ..
Jnne 1 ' '
Jnni 1 l:
May 24 f«
.Mar2( ;
JuneS
Jnne I ,
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING
Name of Oo.
Belcher M. Co.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M & M Co
Cons Virginia M Oo
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Oo.
Empire M Co
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Excelsior M& MOo
Jefferson S M Oo
Manhattan S M Co
Rye Patch M Co
Location.
Washoe.
Cal
Oal
Washoe
Washoe
Cal
Nev
Nevada
Nevada
Secretary.
H. O. Kibbe,
W L Oliver
Frank Swift
OharlcsH Fhm
C E Elliott
N. C. FasBet.
D A Jennings
W W Traylor
Frank Swift
O A Sankey
Chas S Neal
D F Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California at
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California Bt
220 Clay at.
401 California st
419 California at
419 California st
331 Montgomery st
419 California st
409 California st
lira,
May 111 llfci
INCORPORATIONS. ^
urn
Amount.
300
25
40
10 00
2 00
1 00
50
1 00
1 00
INING SUMMARY.
The following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in the interiot.in proximity to the mineB mentioned
California.
ALAMEDA.
Coal. — Livermore Enterprise, May 15: The
Livermore C. M. Co. shipped on Wednesday
one car load of their coal to East Oakland.
This makes the third shipment of coal from our
mine within the past two weeks. From Mr.
Harris we learn that the workmen are rapidly
sinking on the main shaft, and that the hang-
ing and foot walls are becoming more firm and
regular as they descend. On Wednesday the
shaft had reached a depth of 210 feet, with
quality of coal improving at every foot. The
company, while putting down one of the finest
of shafts, are making substantial and servicable
improvements above the ground. As soon as
the company get fully prepared, the shipment
of coal to market will commence. We will add
that the quality of the coal has proved of the
best yet discovered on this coast.
ALPINE.
The Exchequeb.— Alpine Chronicle, May 15:
We have good aocounts from this mine. With
the limited force at work it is opening up
splendidly, and is destined to become one of
the best paying mines in the State.
The Globe. — Work in this mine, at Monitor,
is progressing favorably.
Well Pleased.— We have not had the pleas
Payable, i
Jan 11 b;>
May IS ,
Nov 16 I-1
May 12 •
Jan 12 ,
Jan. 25 '™
May 15 feb!i
May 6
April IB f M
May IS feB.
^iV' -::
■ - loot.
ure of meeting the gentleman, but we learn-- ^
from good authority that Mr. Joy, of London, ■ £•
who is now here on business conneoted with JJ.'"
our mining interests, is very much pleased with |w7
our miniu'g prospects, and particularly bo with .jUJiV
the Exchequer mine, which is owned by a Lon- Cj.-!
don company. He has given this mine a moat ^ J
thorough examination, taking out with his own Cj
hands over 100 specimens of ore from different K,"
parts of the mine , and from which he obtained %^.[
splendid assays. He has found the mine look* wLC,
ing so much better than he expected, that, al- £,
though already a large shareholder, he intends £^T
to make a larger investment.
AMADOR.
Kennedy Mine. — Amador Ledger, May 15:
Sinking still continues on the main shaft of **'•.- '
the Kennedy, and we are pleased to learn the t^F <l
ore steadily increases in value, and that the |*>t<
mine never presented a more flattering appear- I** I
ance than it now does at its present depth.
BUTTE.
Butte Creek Mines. — Butte Record, May
15: The Butte Creek mines, in the vicinity of
Centerville, are looking up. Numerous par-
ties are prospecting around them, and surveys
are being made for the introduction of a supply
of water for mining purposes.
CALAVERAS.
A Bonanza. — Calaveras Citizen, May 15: The V^ '
Union quartz mine, better known as the Bath- jk , J
feb mine, situated about two miles south of
an Andreas, is very productive. The com; t |
pany are running a ten-stamp mill and crush- t -■
ing 18 tons of quartz every 24 hours, which i i
yields over $100 per ton-.
West. Point Mining -Items. — Calaveras ||
iveras
May 22, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
333
Chronicle, May 15: The Zacatero ia about to
resume operations under a new firm. Ore at
the Josephine continues to be excellent. The
company have leased the Zacatero mill for four
months, for prospecting purposes. Alina Rica,
linking.
COLUSA.
I Quicksilver. — Colusa Sun, May 15: The
Abbott mine is taking oat about three flasks a
day, and now has on hand about 130 flasks,
and 65 cents is the best price the company has
been offered for any now on hand. An assess-
ment of $3 a share has been levied on the cap-
ital stock of the mine. This will pay up the
entire indebtedness of the company and leave
it with some $40,000 worth of improvements
on hand, and it is believed that the mine can
be run with some profit at 50 cents a pound,
rhe Buckeye is taking out plenty of ore, but
we are not advised of their exact operations.
The Messrs. Rathburn have opened a very rich
mine, on a line between the Buckeye and the
rurner, and will put up retorts. They have
the best looking ore we have seen.
CONTRA COSTA.
Important Quicksilver Discovebies. — Con-
ra Costa Gazette, May 15: Mr. J. F. Carey,
Mr. A. S. Howard and others, within the past
wo weeks have discovered rich quicksilver ore
o large quantities on the respective quarter
ections owned by them in the Marsh creek
anon, and last Sunday a party from Clayton,
1. O. Chapman, Mr. Ryan and others, pros-
wetlng in that vicinity, struck an outcropping
rein of cinaabar rook which they traced dia-
inctly for several miles across the hills in a.
outheasterly direction until it was lost in the
Ian Joaquin plain. Mr. Chapman, on Mon-
Lay, left with us a number of pieoes broken
rom various portions of the ledge outcrop, and
everal experts who have examined them do-
are them altogether the best Burfaoe speci-
iens they have seen from any of the quick-
ilver districts. There is little room to doubt
lat this is one of the most important and val-
able quicksilver discoveries that has yet been
lade in this State; and we congratulate our
lends who have located claims on their cheer-
ig prospects.
1ARIPOSA.
Quartz Specimens. — Gazette, May 15: Mr.
eorge Boa well, ot the firm of Landrum, Bos-
ell & Alien, who are associated together for
ie purpose of developing the quartz veins
hich together they have located on Italian
ilch, Chowchilla, brought into our office and
resented us with several specimens of ore
bich he had taken from the croppings of what
known as the Boswell lead. The specimens
e pregnant with free, coarse gold, and we
>ve no doubt that this section of country,
hich is only about ten miles in a southeasterly
rectiou from the town uf Mariposa, will prove
valuable mining district Mr. Landrum, who
the principal discoverer of the veins in this
strict, has, for the past year, been engaged in
arching for veins and placer mines, and has
oven conclusively that gold in sufficient
lantities exists to justify working. We shall
rn our attention to this locality, and any-
ing worthy of note we shall give our
aders. At the same time we would suggest
at this mining section, which promises to be
importance, be styled the "Landrum dis-
ot."
IfcPA. .
■■Locations.— Calistoga Free Press, May 15:
bout two miles in a southerly direction from
lilistoga, ten quicksilver mining locations
tve been made. Four tunnels have been run
L from twenty to thirty ft. There is a marked
feemblance in formation of surface rock to
lat of the Sulphur Banks Q. V. mine,
ftke county. The ore has been reduced and
Kind to yield well. Surface rock averages one
d one-half per cent., and will pay to work,
■good road leads to the mines, and there is
abundance of wood and water in the immo-
late vicinity.
|VADA.
Rich Mine.— San Juan Times, May 15: The
|rth Bloomfield gravel mining company have
^pently struck a bed of blue gravel which is
; yiDg immensely. This strata was struck near
• e of their numerous tunnel shafts and only
grew ft below the surface gravel, and about
! y or sixty ft above bedrock. It extends to
lprock and grows rioher as they go down,
lie company is now washing through two
ftnitors, using 3,000 inches daily. Their dam
■Bowman's is filled with water, and if no
nident oocurs they will have a sufficient Bup-
Ir of water to keep the two monitors at work
I til the fall rains set in. The company now
*ploy about fifty laborers, half of whom
|ibably are Chinamen.
Hew York Hill Mine.— Foothill Tidings,
■y 15: We learn from Mr. J. D. Meek that
H new hoisting works were started on Thurs-
Mr and that everything worked smooth. The
t ohinery consists of two tubular boilers and
t engines. The pumping engine is of twelve
h cylinder and thirty inch stroke, and that
d for hoisting is a ten inch cylinder with
nty inch stroke. All the necessary accom-
lviQg gear is in perfect running order and
I works can be placed on the list as first-
is— among the best of the mine improve-
D ats of Nevada county,
'he incline is now completed and the oars
making, their regular trips, loaded with
rtz that shows the yellow metal quite
ily. New York hill, with the first ^vel be-
the tunnel and large "backs" above ready
stoping, all yielding number one milling
may be considered as having bright pros-
pifc before it. "We understand that the mill
now being used by the company is soon to be
enlarged and improved to meet the require-
ments of the mine.
Yuba Mine. — A letter from Superintendent
F. A. S. Jones, of the Yuba mill and mining
company, above Washington, in this county,
gives the following intelligence concerning this
valuable property: Work is being prosecuted
with energy on both ledges, and both are turn-
ing out splendid quartz, which shows well in
free gold and rich galena sulphurets. He ex-
pects to have his mill ready for work about the
17th inBt., and as he has a large amount of ore
on the dump we may look for good reports
from the Yuba soon.
Gaston Bidog Mine. — This mine, whioh we
have heretofore noticed as being again in
coarse of development, after having laid idle
for a number of years, is making a splendid
showing. The drifts being ran on the ledge
from the new tunnel have exposed a vein two
ft in thickness, whioh shows well in free gold
throughout. Experienced miners who have re-
cently examined the mine say that it is a re-
markably rich development, and that the Gas-
ton Ridge gives every promise of proving a
great mine. The ground now being prospected
is much deeper than any previous workings,
and the new tunnel gives several hundred ft of
baoks, which will enable the company to take
out rock easily and cheaply. They have also
a good ten-stamp mill on the mine, with power
sufficient to increase the stamps to thirty if re-
quired.
PLACER.
Tunneling. — Placer Argus, May 15: From
Mr. Joseph Price, one of the engineers of the
Gold Run ditoh and mining company, we learn,
that the work of tunneling for the Cedar mining
company is being rapidly pushed to completion,
and he thinks that the flumes will be put down
in about two months*. The former oompany
is also extending their own tunnels, but to
what extent they expect to run them we are
not advised. There is no doubt but the com-
panies which have expended immense sums of
money to dig these tunnels will be amply re-
warded for their outlay as soon as they can get
to work, as there is no doubt that there is yet
millions of dollars of hidden treasures, and the
work of getting It may be Baid to be only com-
menced .
Chbome. — Placer Herald, May 15: The
chrome discovery recently made a few miles
from Auburn is a perfect success. An agent,
representing the Chrome reduction works of
Baltimore, Md.t has recently visited the mine,
and pronounces the ore fine in quality; and by
way of backing his judgment, has contracted
for all the parties can take out, agreeing to pay
therefor $11 per ton, delivered in San Fran-
cisco. One of the owners, Mr. Anbury, told
us that he thinks the ore can be mined, hauled
to the depot and freighted to Sap Francisco at
a cost of about $5 per ton, thus leaving them
$6 clear on each ton. The extent of the deposit
is, of course, not yet fully known, but $6 per
ton, of all in sight, will amount to no small
sum. The prospects are at present that this
will prove to be better property than the best
gold mine in the country.
Sold. — The ditch supplying the mines at the
Bluff has recently been purchased by Breece
and Wheller, for $30,000, who propose to expend
as much more this coming summer in enlarging
and improving it. They expect to increase the
capacity of the ditch from about 500 to 1,000
inches; shorten the route about four miles, by
cutting a tunnel 1800 ft long, and extend it
to Bath, which latter project," it is supposed,
will greatly stimulate the mining interests at
the last named place. This, in oonnection with
other ^enterprises now in contemplation for
that section, will undoubtedly make things
lively there for some time to come.
PLUMAS.
Hallsted Co. — Plumas National, May 15:
The works of this new company are just above
12 -Mile Bar, or at what is known as Kings-
bury's. The Hallsted Bros, have entered into
a contract with the new company to bring 800
inches of water from Kingsbury's creek to the
claims. The water will be conveyed in a ditch
to the East Branoh, and taken aoross the river
in 15-inch iron pipe, it being neoessary to
have about 2,000 feet of pipe for the purpose.
The water privilege is a good one, and will
furnish all the water required by the company
for at least eight months in the year. The
claims are extensive, and there is no reason to
doubt their proving valuable and remunerative.
The gravel is from 125 to 150 feet deep, is
easily washed, and shows no clay or large boul-
ders as far as it has been worked. It also car-
ries gold from the surface to the bedrock, and
every indication is favorable for a regular pay-
ing gravel mine. We think the new company
have made a fortunate investment of their
mbriey. Mr. A. D. Hallsted will have charge
of fitting up the claim, and as he has had up-"
wards of twenty years' experience in the mines
— most of the time on the East Branch — there
is no doubt but that he will have everything in
apple-pie order when the work is done.
SAN MATEO.
Sn-vEB.— Daily Alta, May 11: A specimen
of silver, containing about 300 ounces of sil-
ver to the ton, according to report, was brought
to the Alta office yesterday. A glance shows
that it is rich in metal. It was taken from a
lode on the land of Martin and Larco, near
Searsville, in San Mateo county. The miners
are so sanguine that they have paid $2,000 for
the exclusive privilege of working the;lode, and
they agree also to deliver to the land-owners
thirty per cent, of all the ore taken out, Ten
men are now at work there.
SANTA BARBARA.
Santa Ynez District. — Santa Barbara
Jfsaa, May 15: A vein of cinnabar passes
through the Santa Ynez vtlley, running east
and west, almost parallel with the river. For
full six miles the ledge is distinct, and bus a
width of from 50 to 200 feet. There are three
distinct mines now opened.
SONOMA.
Mining Items. — Russian Biver Flog, May 15:
William H. Thompson, living seven miles east
of Ouenoo, Lake county, haa discovered on his
place, what is pronounoed by experts a very
large ledge of copper.
Work has been suspended on the Rocky Bar,
Inyo district, and also on the Annie Belcher,
Cinnabar dintriot.
The Oakland mine, Cinnabar district, has
shipped to Healdsbnrg fciuce last Thursday 51
flasks of quicksilver. In the lower tunnel they
struck a splendid body of ore this week. That
tunnel is now in 300 feet and the last 80 feet is
in good retort ore, but the body reached this
week is the beBt they have ever struck. They
will erect a furnace at once. The retorts will
soon be shut down.
The Geyser is taking out about 20 flasks
a week.
The Rattlesnake will start up next week.
The Sonoma, which has been stopped for a
few weeks for repairs, will start its furnace
again June 1,
The Blue Jacket will resume work next
week.
The quicksilver outlook is brightening.
The Mt. Jackson, Gnerneville district, struck
rich ore in a new place last Tuesday. Col.
Abbey brought up yesterday the best sample of
ore from that mine ever found there. The
company have discharged all their white men,
and intend to employ Chinamen. Economy is
now the watchword.
STANISLAUS.
Quicksilver. — Stanislaus News, May 15:
Quite a lively quicksilver breeze has been rag-
ing for the past week at Grayson. The conta-
gion is undoubtedly spreading to Modesto. The
excitement has been occasioned by the discov-
ery of cinnabar in the Coast Range, west of
Grayson. In several claims the croppings of
quicksilver, as well as other favorable indica-
tions, have been discovered. The claim of the
Oristimba prospecting company is, it is be-
lieved, at present ahead in developments. It
is situated at the head of the north fork
of Oristimba creek, and though but little
work has yet been done, a well defined vein or
ledge has been discovered, containing a fair
percent, of quicksilver.
TRINITY.
Paying Big. — Trinity Journal, May 15
rotter & Smiley, of Douglas City, made an-
other clean-np this week, taking out $4,200 for
a run of sixty hours* water, including probably
$500 left in the flume from last clean-np. This
mine is good for fifty dollars for every hour
they have water.
J. A. Lytle writes W. J. Tinning, that Lytle
& Hawkett are producing seven tanks of quick-
silver daily with their retorts.
Returned. — The prospecting partv we spoke
of a couple of weeks since, which started with
a view of prospecting the main South Fork
and its tributaries, Teturned last week, after a
general look at the section. They report a
number of miners as already looated there,
most of the bars on the main stream and the
water privileges which might be made availa-
ble to work there are taken up.
TULARE.
Mining Intelligence. — Tulare Times, May
15: We have had the plea&ure recently of
gaining some interesting facts from Mr. Geo.
W. Brown and Prof. E. G. Moss, of the pro-
posed development of the Mineral King mines
during the present season. The machinery for a
saw-mill, to be built in the district by the com-
pany which Mr.Brown represents, is now being
shipped to this place, and will be packed the
remainder of the distance without delay. The
company will establish a first-class assay office
in a week or two, which will be conducted "by
Prof. Moss, a thorough and experienced assayer
and metallurgist.
TUOLUMNE-
The Mabks and Dabrow. — Tuolumne Inde-
pendent, May 15: This mine is progressing
rapidly. Their new hoisting shaft is within
ten feet of the main vein and will cut through
a solid body of quartz, not less than from eight
to fifteen feet wide, aod which has been proved
to be very rich — both by mill process and as-
say— the sulphurets alone going two thousand
and thirteen dollars per ton, and is supposed
to carry about one ton of sulphurets to eight
tons of quartz. They are also prospecting with
their little mill, and have proved beyond a
doubt that their very poorest rock, will mill not
less than ten dollars per ton; and ther average
rock not less than one hundred dollars per ton
—some of it milling over two thousand dollars.
We notice, also, in the vicinity of this mine,
that there are other mines going ahead. We
will mention the Parallel quartz mi^e. owned
by W. Martin and Captain Back Th y ae
energetic men, and will make their mine a
valuable one.
At the Soulsbyville mine, rock is being taken
out that is worth $150 to the ton, and plenty of
it, too.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Califobnia.— Gold Hill News, May 13: The
ore developments on the 1400~ft level are of a
much better character than was expected, and
the developments already made place the Cal-
ifornia, in point of bullion production, side by
side with its twin sister, the Consolidated Vir-
ginia. Sinking the C & C shaft is making
rapid progress, the rock in the bottom blasting
out finely. The foundations for the new pow-
erful machinery are rapidly approaohing com-
pletion.
Ofhib.— Daily yield, 150 tons of ore, mostly
from the 1465-ft level. The ore stopes and
breasts are all yielding well, and look promis-
ing for the future. The northeast winze, 100
ft north of the north winze on the 1465-ft level,
is down 100 ft, the bottom still in excellent
ore. The winze below the 1600-ft level, after
striking the west wall, was inclined with the
ore vein, which at this point has an inclination
of 46 degrees to the east and north, and is still
being pushed downward with all the energy
possible, the bottom still in rich ore. Assays
from the bottom of this winze thiB moraing
exceeded $300 per ton. The east drift from
the main shaft on both the 1500 and 1600-ft
levels are being puBhed vigorously ahead, the
faces of both showing a favorable change in
the character of (he material penetrated, with
strong indications of soon reaching the main
ledge. On the 1700-ft level cro38-cuts Nos. 2
and 3 have again been started up. These cross-
cats are 100 ft apart, cross-cut No. 2 being 120
feet north of the south line. The erection of
the new machinery is making steady progress.
Three mills are now kept steadily crushing ore
from the mine, and the prospects have not
been brighter for months past than at the
present time.
Consolidated VntaiNiA.-*-Daily yield, 450
tons of ore, keeping the mills all steadily run-
ning. The ore breasts on both the 1500 and
1400-ft levels are yielding finely, and show no
signs whatever of a diminution of the amount.
The yield for the past month, owing to the
dropping off of the Occidental mill for repairs,
was a little over $1,500,000. The usual divi-
dend of $10 per share, aggregating $1,080,000,
was paid on the 11th.
Sierra Nevada. — The several prospecting
drifts in the old upper workings of the mine are
all being driven ahead', with some very favor-
able prospects of the development of ores that
will pay well for milling.
Beloheb.— Daily yield, 500 tons of ore. The
ore breasts and stopes show no change what-
ever. The up-raise from the 1100-ft level, to
connect with the air shaft below the 1000-ft
level, will complete the connection in about 10
days more, thus securing the thorough venti-
lation of the entire mine to that depth. The
mills are all kept steadily running, and every-
thing in and about the mine looks prosperous
and bright.
Cbown Point. — The average daily yield of
this mine for the past year has been 550 tons
of ore, and the production shows no evidence
whatever of being yet exhausted. The ore
breasts are all looking well and yielding finely
as usual.
Bullion.— The extremely hot weather has
added greatly to the discomfort of the men at
work in the east cross-cut from the main north
drift on the 1700-ft level during the past week.
Obiginal Gold Hill.— Cross-cutting and
opening the ore body at the 340-ft level south
progresses very satisfactorily. Cross-cut No.
2 Bouth is going ahead and will also soon be
into the main ore body. It already shows good
milling ore.
Ovebman. — Braining the water from the
shaft is making steady progress. The pros-
pects of this mine on the lower levels was
very favorable at the time the heavy flow of
water was struck, and considerable expectations
are fixed upon the results when the mine is
once more drained.
Niao aba.— Sinking the shaft is progressing
finely, the bottom still in quartz and ore of a
very encouraging character. Streaks and
spots of the ore are of a high grade, with every
indication of the development of large bodies
of ore when a greater depth is attained.
Best & Belchkb. — Driving the south drift
from the bottom of the winze on the 1700-ft
level, to connect with the north drift from the
Gould & Curry shaft, is making steady and
favorable progress, notwithstanding the ex-
treme hardness of the rock penetrated.
Pbospeot. — The rock is softer in the face of
the tunnel, and small quartz seams and other
indications show that the main ledge is not far
off. The new three-compartment working
shaft is down 26 feet, and the work is going
ahead lively.
Florida. — The donkey engine plaoed at the
east side of the shaft has hoisted all the water
out, so that a station is being opened at the
430-ft level for a drift west to the ledge.
Lady Bryan.— The cross-cuts on the 180 ft
levels are all looking more encouraging than
at any time in the past. The south cross-cut
on the 170-ft level iB in a mixture of white
quartz and red oxydized ore of a very promis-
ing character. On the 80-ft level preparations
are being made to extract ore for milling.
Buckeye. — Driving the west cross-out at
the 550-ft station is still making good pro-
cess, not yet having reached the west wall.
This drift has penetrated a body of ore 40 ft in
Ai 'th that giv^s average assays of from $10 to
$20 per ton. The ledge at this point is over 85
ft in width, and is of a VL-ry promising charac-
ter.
Coal on the Comstock.— The Virginia City
coal company will soon supply fuel to the
Bullion hoisting works, from their mine in El
Dorado canon. Several other hoisting works
and mills in Gold canon are about adopting
coal in place of wood, as it is much cheaper.
334
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 22, 1875
pop Jl^ Lectins.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Fourteenth. Lecture Delivered before the University of
California College of Agriculture, on Monday, Feb-
ruary 8th, by Prof. 0. E. Besses.
Maples, the Grapevine Family, Mahogany Tree,
Flax, Etc.
The first group we take up to-day ia the
group of the maples, now regarded as a sub-
order, but, as the remainder of the order is of
no importance, we can treat it by itself. The
maple, Aceracecs, are usually as a sub-order of
the Boapberry family. As I said before, this is
ranked as a sub-order as it stands, including
only the maples. It is made up of less than
one hundred species, all of them trees. Some
of them are of very considerable magnitude.
First is sugar maple, it is commonly called in
the East {Acer saccharlnum), on account of the
sweetness of its juice; starch and sugar are very
largely made from it. The wood is light in
color, of heavy weight and very firm. The
wood being very hard) it gets the name, popu-
larly, of hard maple. It is quite durable and
when it takes on a peculiar wavy form known
as curly maple, it is very highly prized. That
is sugar maple. *
Next is Acer rubrwtn, the red or soft maple
found east of the mountains. The wood is gen-
erally lighter as to weight and is sofier than'
sugar maple. "Where moisture can attack it,
it readily absorbs it, and if kept continuously
moist, it very soon decays. It is, however,
used largely for making chairs and the cheaper
sort of furniture. As it is not very much inclined
to split, almost all the cheap chairs brought
from the East are made of this soft maple.
One or two others grow east of the moun-
tains, but remember these two, Sacchariuum
and Rubrum, stand as the types of two groups.
Now, on this coast, we have no hard maple at
all.
Acer macrophyllum, a large tiee, called ul-o
Oregon maple, is found in Oregon, and in "he
northern part of this State. It is a soft maple,
so it can be used just where the red maple of
the East is used, but if put out of doors and
subjected to alterations of moisture and dryness,
heat and cold, it very soon decays and becomes
quite useless. This also now and then becomes
somewhat curled, and is then called curly
maple.
The striped leaf maple, (see Fig. 1,) Acer
negundi variegata, is a new variety of maple,
being white and green. It is now seen in
many American and English gardens. It
grows to a hight of fifty feet -and has a most
luxuriant and spreading foliage. The form of
leaf is shown in the lower corner of the engra-
ving. .
The next one is box elder, coming under the
genus Negundo, species aceroides. It now is
found throughout almost all parts of the TJni
ted States, .east of the rocky mountains. It is
a small sized tree with wood very much resem-
bling the maples. It is usually ranked
among the maples. Botanically, it is merely an
ally. Sometimes it is called the ash-leaved
maple. For all practical purposes it might
just as well be considered a maple tree and
used just as we^use the soft maple. Its wood
is not as hard as the hard maple of the East,
and so cannot take its place. On this coast
an allied species is found. I do not recollect
its specific name. I don't know that it ever has
been brought into specific use as yet. I have
been told a little use has been made of this box
elder for the blocks for wood cuts. When care-
fully prepared and dried,. I think oiled, too,
first — it takes on a texture which makes it val-
uable for wood cuts.
The next group is the vine family, or, as it
might be called, the grape vine family, includ-
ing all the giapes and nearly allied plants of
tho order Vitacece, About three hundred species
are known, found mostly in temperate climates,
although somewhat inclined to run 'in'o the
tropics. It cannot be considered a cold-blooded
group by any means, as it always keeps pretty
close to the warmer climates. It derives impor-
tance from one plant, the grape, and of this
there are several species in cultivation. The
first, and most
Important to the People off California,
Is Vitis vinifera^ the so called European grape.
It is a misnomer, however. It is no more Euro-
pean than the apple, peach, plum and those
things are European. It has been eultivafed
from time immemorial. Its native countries,
perhaps, are those bordering on the Mediterra-
nean, especially the Eastern portions. It is
said m have been introduced into England by
the Romans. It is not a native there and since
the time of its introduction it ha3 been very
considerably grown as an edible fruit, not for
wine nor for raisins. In Southern Europe, as
well as all the adjacent country lying east and
southeast, as the summers there are long enough
and steady enough, that is, a long continued,
hot season, this is favorable to the proper
ripening of the grapes. As to uses, these may
be divided as I have divided them here on the
board. They are used either raw or manufac-
tured. Are edible used as preserves and manu-
factured into raisins, wines, vinegar, etc. Now,
east of the mountains we find that our grapes
can only be used well in the first state; that is,
as raw materials, raw products, while the grapes
on this coast, very many of them, seem to be
very well adapted to the manufacture of raisins
and wines.
In Europe, as you pass southward, raisins
which can "be manufactured are largely grown.
Northward, the varieties are grown which have
to be used in the raw state. Those used raw
are are northern, those manufactured,southern
ones. You will find this to run right through
the whole world, if you take the matter up
pretty carefully. Now, this is di?e to sever-tl
things. In the first place, those grapes from
which raisins can be made are mostly tender
and are, therefore, grown in southern climates,
and in the second place, generally in all the
northern climates we do not have heat enough,
long enough summers, for properly ripening
up the grapes. So, if they do make any wine at
need not stop to discuss raisin making or wine
making. You oan get very much fuller infor-
mation from little manuals that are published
and from lectures that will be given here after
a while on that subject. One thing may be
mentioned as a key to the whole matter. In
wine making, grapes
Must be Allowed to Become Fully Ripened.
In a great many instances the wine is sour
because people are npt willing to leave their
grapes on the vine to become properly ripened,
and gather them too soon for manufacturing.
I heard a gentlemen upon this subject two
or three years ago, who was fully posted on
this matter. "His advice for making good wine
was, first to wait till the grapes were thor-
oughly ripe and then to allow them to stay two
weeks longer on the vines and you may be sure
that you can get pretty good wine from them.
[Student. — "I should think they would dry
up."] "Well, he said that they would begin
drying. The way we usually do in the valley
and the way it is done' here in America is to
wait until they are colored, wait until the color
is pretty good. [Student. — "Here they wait
until the grape gets exceedingly sweet and then
they pick them."] Something was said about
the grapes from the same vine differing. Some
may not be as sweet as others. Very few' Oali-
northern portions and up in the northernmost
part of the Eastern United States, is called the
northern summer grape. From it we get good
forms, as the Virginia seedling, Herbemont
and many others. Some varieties only get
about as far north as Cincinnati or Cleveland.
The Northern fox grape, V. labrusca, is found
growing all over the tallest trees and produces
a large berry. From this is derived the
Catawba, which is a wine grape of the East.
All through the lake region you will' find enor-
mous vineyards of Catawba grapes, and also
along the risers.
Along the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri
rivers are vineyards of it. The* Concord grape,
from which a very red wine is made, is derived
from the same one from which we get the
Catawba.
The Isabella is from the same origin and the
Hartford Prolific and perhaps a dozen or two
more.
A few years ago one, of our foremost growers
in the East made some experiments with refer-
ence to improvement, so as to bring in the
good taste of the European grape along .
with the hardiness of our American
variety. He hybridized this Labrusca with
the European, and obtained a new sort, a
fair grape with fruit resembling the berry of
Europe, having much the same color and form
and many of them very much the same taste,
while many of them had the hardiness of the
original ones. I think the Black Prince is a
foreign grape. I am not familiar with the
varieties. You see these aie split up into
myriads. I have here only given the principal
varieties..
I think, although it is a little outside of
ecoDomic botany, I will call your attention to
one insect that we have given a great deal of
'attention to in the Mississippi valley. It is'1
The Phylloxera.
Do you know it here? Is it a common name
with you ?
The Phylloxera vastatrix is a little root plant1
louse. It gets on the roots, stays there, some-
times two or. three feet under ground, and
wherever it stops it makes a little gouty swell-
ing, so that you take up a root of a Vine
troubled with 1 his, and instead of being eloh-f
gated like that without any swellings, it will
have little bulky swellings.
If you want to know whethor your vines are
troubled with this, just examine the roots :
affected with swelling. The particular fact that
connects this to economic botany is this: From
very careful examination for many years,
investigators have, in the Mississippi valley,
come to the conclusion that this inseot is the
cause, in a certain way, of grape mildew; that
this insect, working upon the vine, weakens it
so much that the grape mildew, Erysiphe
Tuckeri, can take hold of it. This is not
proved as yet, but it is so nearly proved that it 1
perhaps may be given as almost demonstrated.
Experiments to proye or disprove this will be
finished in a year.
Jn very many cases these fungus plantsdo act I
in just this way. Now, as you have mildew
here in the lower lands, I have no doubt there
is Phylloxera there.
(Continued nest week.)
Fig. 1. STRIPED LEAVED MAPLE.
all in the north, it is exceedingly harsh and
sour and' not at all fit for drinking, so that the
world is necessarily divided into certain belts,
as you may say.
Then another thing that oomes in is this:
Taking these grapes ad they are brought into
this country, into the United States, we find
that this European grape, so called, having
been cultivated for a very long time, has been
in fact improved so that it has the proper
qualities
For Wine Making and Raisin Making,
While the American grapes, which are mostly
grown eastward beyond the mountains, have
not been sufficiently improved. Now, on this
coast I find that the European grape is the one
mostly grown and from it the wine and raisins
made on this coast are mostly made. [Studert.
— "I don't understand how the European grape
is better than the American."] Well, it is just
this, I will explain that more fully in a moment.
The European grape has been grown probably
three, four, or five thousand years. It has been
cultivated, as you may say, moulded over from
its former wMd condition to a condition that is
a considerable change from its original form,
has very many of those stronger acids worked
out of it, is considerably sweetened, its desir-
able products increased, the undesirable de-
creased, simply by long cultivation. Now,
when we take this cultivated one and put it by
the side of our American grapes which have
been only in cultivation about two or three
hundred years, you see here on one hand
four or five thousand years of cultivation, and
on the other comparatively a very short time.
That has much to do with the matter, I sup-
pose that a few thousand years hence our
American will be as good as these, possibly. I
fornia wines can compete yet with European
wines. Considerable influence or pressure must
be brought to bear to make them compete. A
good wine merchant behind a cargo of wines:
of course, will make it compete.
That fact shows some mistake in the wine
making. I 6uspect it to lie right here. I don't
say it is in the climate. If anything, I should
say California climate is better than the climate
of many portions of France and Spain for the
culture of grapes for wine. However, that is a
topic that does not specially belong to economic
botany.
The grape is known throughout the Eastern
United States. When the people Game across
from Europe, of course they brought Euro,
pean grape vines. In a few years they found
they could not grow them. They were natu-
rally tender and killed down in the winter, and
were subject also to a great many diseases
which characterized them, and mildews snd
certain little insects that got on the roots of the
vines, so that for a while tbey were compelled
to fall back upon the wild grapes in the forests.
They took these and have been cultivating
them some 150 or 200 years and in this time
have succeeded in getting some very fine grapes
indeed. They are not the same we have here.
There are in the East many species. Some of
the varieties derived from these are brought
over here. First, Vitis ripariat which we call
the River Bank grape, a rather late growing
grape, which has small berries. From it we
have derived the Delaware, one of the most
delicious of the tible grapes. The Clinton,
which is the opposite of that, sour as can be,
very red however, ia derived from the same
original.
V. cesilvallis, which grows all through the
Mikes Abandoned in Mexico. — G. H. How-,
ard, who has lately returned to Tuoson(.
Arizona, from Sonora, reports depredations by
the Chiricahua Apaches, in Sonora, pf the
grossest nature. Several bloody encounters
have lately taken place, between Mexicans and
raiding Indians, the latter being driven off
only after severe fighting, and afterward re-
turning to the reservation. The whole of the
Sonora frontier is in' a state of constant alarm.
Large portions of the cultivated lands are
abandoned and mines unworked on account of
the constant depredations of the Apaches.
They are having trouble on account of
Chinese labor, at Bear valley, San Bernardino
county. A number are employed there by the
Gold Mountain company, and a few nights
since a quantity of giant powder was exploded
beneath the house in which they sleep, knock-
ing it to pieces, but strange to say not seriously
injuring any of the inmates. This result was
owing to the fact that the men who occupied
the lower bunks were at work at the time. A
reward of $250 has been offered by the company
for the arrest of the perpetrators.
:l ij]
ft
feci
Fiee Clay. — B. V. Borden, of Keno, Nev.,
writes ns that in his opinion there is as good'
an artiole of fire clay at that plpce as that men-
tioned by us as occurring in Cerro Gordo dis-
trict, Inyo county, Cal. He states that he has
seen common hand made brick in the same
furnace with imported fire brick, and that they
stood the heat just as well. This bed of fire
clay is only about two miles from the railroad.
Mr. Borden will take pleasure in sending some
of this clay to any expert who may desire to
examine it.
The Dutch Hill mining company, Plumas'
county, cleaned up last week $6,500 from the
head of their sluice. They expect about $20,-
000 from^ a twenty days' run. This company
bring their water thirty-five' miles in ditches
and pipes.
At the Ophir mine laying the stone founda-
tions for the new and powerful incline ma-
chinery is making steady and favorable pro-
May 22, 1875. J
MINING 'AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
335
Qood He^l-tH*
Necessity of Sleep.
There are thousands of basy people who die
every year for want of sleep. Sleeplessness be-
comes a disease, and is tbe precursor of insan-
ity. We speak of sleep as the image e( doath,
and our waking hours a< the image of .life.
Sleep is not like death; for it is the period in
which the waste of the system ceasos, or is re-
duced to its mini mum. Sleep repairs the
waste which waking hours have oiadu. It re-
builds the system. The night is the repair-
ehop of the body . Every part of the system is
silently overhauled, and all the organs, tissues,
and substances are replenished. Waking con-
sanies and exhausts; sleep replaces and repairs.
A man who would bo a good worker must be a
good sleeper. A man has as much force in him
as he has provided for iu si. op. The quality
ot mental activity depends upon the quality of
sleep. Men need, on an average, eight hours
of sleep a day. A lymphatic temperament may
require nine; a nervous temperament six or
seven. A lymphatic man is sluggish, moves
and bleeps slowly. But a nervous man acts
quickly in everything. He does more in an
hour than a Bluggish man in two hours; and so
in his steep. Every man must sleep according
to his temperament ; but eight hours is the aver-
age. Whoever by work, pleasure, sorrow, or
by any other cause, is regularly diminishing his
Bleep, is destroying his life. A man may bold
out fur a time, but the crash will come, and he
will die. There is a great deal of intemperance
besides that of tobacco, opium or brandy. Men
are dissipated who overtax their systems all
day, and undersleep every night. A man who
dies of delirium tremens is no more a drunkard
and a suicide, than the minister, tbe lawyer,
the merchant, the editor, or the printer, that
works excessively all day and sleeps but little
all night. — Henry Ward Bcecker.
Health and Talent. — " It is no exaggera-
tion to say that health is a large ingredient in
what the world calls talent. A man without it
may be a giant in intellect, but his deeds will
be the deeds of a dwarf. On tbe contrary, let
him have a quick circulation, a good diges-
tion, the bulk, thews and sinews of a man, and
the alacrity and unthinking confidence in-
spired by these, and, though having but a
thimbleful of brains, he will either blunder
upon success or Bet failure at defiance." So
ites some one in the Merchants' and Manu-
facturers' Bulletin, but if he had a thimbleful
of — observation — he would have known that it
takes a good deal more than a thimbleful of
brains to drive such a carcass as he has de-
scribed. Setting aside all questions of honesty
and other qualities of a good character, the
late James Fiske, Jr., was one of the most
thoroughly energetic men this country has ever
known, and after his death it was found that
bis brain weighed some four ounces more than
the brain of Daniel Webster, and only about
four ounces less than the brain of Cuvier,
who iB said to have had the largest brain ever
weighed. It takes brains, as well as muscle, to
drive the business of this busy world.
Coughing and Colds.— The best method of
easing a cough is to resist it with all tbe force
of will possible, until the accumulation of
phlegm becomes greater'; then there is some-
nthing to cough against, and it comes up very
much easier and with half the coughing. A
■great deal of hacking and hemming and cough-
ting in invalids is- purely nervous, or the result
lof mere habit, as is shown by the frequency
with which it occurs while the patient is think-
png about it, and its comparative rarity when
She is so much engaged that there is no time to
think, or when the attention is impelled in an-
other direction. Lemon juice, used as a gargle,
is said by a French physician to be a specific
against diphtheria and similar throat troubles,
which He has successfully used for eighteen
years. Another simple remedy, said to be
quite as efficacious, is given as* follows: Take
Ipnions, slice thin, and sprinkle loaf sugar
[thickly upon them; put in the oven and sim-
pler until the juice is thoroughly mixed with
■he sugar. Give a teaspoonful four or five
Ipmes a day.
Telegraph Malady. — Telegraph clerks will
aear with alarm of telegraphic paralysis, a new
nalady reported by a French physician to the
icademie des Sciences. An employee, who had
been engaged in a telegraph office for nine
rears, found that he could not form clearly
he letters TJ, represented by two dots and a
Stroke, I, by two dots, and S. by three dots.
}n trying to traoe the letters his hand became
itiff and cramped. He then endeavoured to
ise his thumb alone, and this succeeded for
wo years, when his thumb was similarly at-
acked, and he subsequently tried the first and
econd fingers, but in two months these were
lao paralysed. Finally, he had recourse to
he wrist, which also shortly became disabled.
f he forced himself to use his hand, both
and and arm shook violently, and cere-
bral excitement ensued. It appears that this
isorder is very common among telegraph
harks,
Fob Falllng Haib. — Mrs. J. W. Cameron,
tio "Vista, sends us the following recipe' as
omething very effective for keeping the hair
3ft, and to prevent it from falling out: 1 oz.
um camphor, % 02. pulverized borax; dissolve
1 1 qt. boiling water.
Extracting Needles ob Bits op Ibon. — A
simple and usually successful mode of ex-
tracting a needle or any pieoe of steel or iron
broken off in the flesh is accomplished by the
application of a simple pocket magnet. An ac-
quaintance of ours bad a little daughter who
recently broke a needle off in her hand. A
surgeon was exiled, who made several effort* to
find the needle by probing and incision, but
without success. After the surgeon had left,
the mother conceived the idea of trying a
magnet; one was procured, and after one or
two applications of it, the broken fragment of
needle was discovered attached to the magnet.
This idea will be of especial utility to workers
in iron. Machine shop surgery is not the most
delicate or leant paiuful, though men heroically
undergo it rather thau the •lo.'-s of time due to
an inflamed eye or festered finger. Iron filings
have a way of imbedding themselves in the eye.
which defies almost every ordinary means of
extraction. For their removal, a small blunt
pointed bar of steel, well magnetized, will be
found excellent, and we should recommend that
workmen liable to such injuries keep such an
instrument about them. It would be a good
plan to insert such a bar in a penknife, in a
manner similar to a blade.
Eating Befobe Ketirlng.— To take a hearty
meal just before retiring, says a writer in Scrib-
iter's, i1*, of course, injurious, because it is very
likely to disturb one's rest and produce night-
mare. However, a little food at this time, if
one is hungry, is decidedly beneficial; it pre-
vents the gnawing of an empty stomach, with
its attendant restlessness and unpleasant
dreams, to say, nothing of probable headache
or of nervous or other derangements the next
morning. One should no more lio down at
night hungry than he should lie down after
a very full dinner; the consequence of
either being disturbing and harmful. A cracker
or two, a bit of bread and butter, a cake, a little
fruit— something to relieve the sense of vacuity,
and so restore the tone of the system, is all that
is necessary.
Alcohol vs. Steength. — Training men for
the prize ring, they are not allowed to touch
spirits, tobacco or any other such stuff. Bil-
liard players training for a match carefully
avoid all such indulgences. When not train-
ing, these people are likely to indulge pretty
freely in spirits and tobacco; but when seek-
ing the highest health they are compelled to
deny themselves. And yet we constantly hear
the healthfulness of gin and the meerschaum
seriously discussed. It is stated that no man
that has graduated at tbe head of his class in
Harvard College, within the last fifty-five
years, has used spirits or tobacco in any form.
Disinfectant and Mouth-Wash. — A weak
solution of permanganate of .potash will de-
stroy instantly any taint from diseased teeth or
imperfectly cleaned plates, and should always
be used to rinse spitoons with in hot weather.
It is cheap, satisfactory, almost tasteless, not-
poisonous, and quite free from smell. It may
be satisfactory to pome to know that this will
remove the taint of smoking from the breath if
used as a mouth-piece.
UsEfJL l^fO^^flON.
Improvements in the Arts of Metallurgy.
It is well known that the difficulty of uniting
iron to brass is created by the unequal rate of
expansion in the two metals, which destroys
the unity when the temperature is changed.
To meet this difficulty, an English artisan has
invented an alloy, the expansion of which by
heat is claimed to be so similar to that of iron
and steel that the surface may be regarded
when joined, as permanently united for all
practical purposes. It consists of three parts
tin, thirty-nine and a half parts copper, seven
and a half parts zinc. ,
The construction of bronzes has lately been
much improved by the addition of a small
amount of phosphorus. A special cause of
the inferiority in bronze consists in the con-
stant presence of traces of tin in the state of
an oxide, which acts mechanically by separa-
ting the molecules of the composition, thus
interposing a substance which in itself has no
tenacity. Now, the addition of phosphorus is
found to reduce this oxide, and renders the
bronze much more perfect, improving its color,
its tenacity, and its physical properties. Thus
treated, the grain of the bronze, wh-^n fractured,
resembles more that of steel, its elasticity is
much augmented, and its resistance to pressure
sometimes more than doubled.
To Take out Bruises and to Rkmove
Stainb fbom Furniture. — To take out bruises,
wet the part wifh warm water; double a piece
of brown paper five or six limes, soak it and
lay it on the place; apply on that a hot iron
till the moisture is evaporated; two or three
applications will raise the dent or bruise level
with the surface. If the bruise be small
merely soak it with warm water and apply a
red-hot iron very near the surface; keep it con-
tinually wet, and in a few minutes the bruise
will disappear. Ta remove stains, wash the
surface with stale beer or vinegar; the stains
will be removed by rubbing them with a rag
dipped in spiiits of salt. Re-polish as you
would new work. If the work be not stained,
wash with clean spirits of turpentine and
re-polish with furniture oil,
Economy in the Machine Shop.
In building machinery, no matter for what
purpose it may bu required, or to what uses
applied, there is nothing in the experience of
those who have devoted \ ears to the business
so prominent as their faith in good material.
This faith never wanes; it grows steadily. The
curse of many an establishment is to be found
in what is termed "cheap" material. Let any
one contemplating an investment in a manu-
facturiug business observe the advantages
secured by the establishments that make it a
point to employ the best materiul in the ma-
chinery, and contrast it with the result where
the so-called "cheap" articles are used, and in
setting out avail himself of the knowledge thus
obtained, and he will have accomplished an
immense step in advance; he will have reached
a point that consumed years and many toilsome
steps on the part of old manufacturers to
achieve. There is no economy in substituting
the cheap for the good. There is never any-
thing gained by employing a cheap thing sim-
ply because it is cheap. For instance, never
use brass iu the erection of machinery when
your judgment favors gun-metal (copper and
tin). Whatever in your judgment is best, is
the proper material.
Nothing is more common thau to find brass
substituted for gun-metal in heavy machinery.
The result is that much vexation and trouble
ensues. Never use wrought iron Instead of
steel, simply because it is more easily worked
or cheaper than steel. Recently our attention
was directed to an instance where a large lot of
costly machinery was made and shipped a con-
siderable distance, in which certain parts were
made of steel- and wrought iron, instead of
wholly of steel. After running a short time,
the entire establishment was forced to stop
operations, when the proper material was
placed where the judgment resulting from a
costly and vexatious experience required it. Of
course the builder lost by the operation. This
mistaken idea of economy frequently causes
the annual stoppage of our large manufacto-
ries, in order to make what are sometimes mis-
calh'd "repairs." If the rule were strictly fol-
lowed, never to make of cast iron that which
should be made of wrought iron, of wrought
iron that which should be made of steel, of
brass that which should be made of gun-metal,
there would be less necessity for long
stoppages.
■ Take the question of foundations: Wooden
foundations are no longer viewed with favor as
a base for heavy machinery. The cost of re-
moving machinery to replace the foundation is
no inconsiderable item. Foundations of stone
or something as durable, are growing into
favor, because they outlast the heaviest ma-
chinery. Heavy screw boxes made of wrought
iron are cheaper in the end than boxes made
of metal. In fact, true economy always avails
itself of the best material. — Excliange.
Paint as a Preservative.
Paint, in the view of utility, is employed as a
protective covering to a body, against the in-
jurious influences of tbe air, water and other
destructive agencies. Wood and the common
metals are especially attacked by oxygen, con-
tained in our atmosphere, of which it consti-
tutes about 21 per oent., being the 21-100th
part of the whole atmosphere. It is also a
component part of water, forming nearly 88-
lOOtbs of its whole weight. Although its pres-
ence is absolutely necessary to the continuance
of animal life, yet metals exposed to the air are
coobumed by the oxygen as in a fire. The
utility, therefore, of paint as a protector is(so
apparent that auy study of its composition and
properties, which will tend to improve it in any
degree, is of great importance.
Paint is understood to be a mixture of a
liquid and a solid, in powder. The desirable
physical conditions of theSe are, that the
liquid should have a certain amount of viscid-
ity, in order to maintain the powder in suspen-
sion; and that the powder should be as fine as
possible, and nearly of the same specific gravity
as the liquid. Linseed oil is undoubtedly the
best mixture for paints that are to be exposed
to the weather. It absorbs oxygen and becomeB
solid and waterproof; and yet rt always posses-
ses Borne elasticity which prevents it from
cracking. Theory, and the almost united voice
of practical painters, after centuries of experi-
ence, have decided, that, in view of its inherent
properties and its cost, nothing at present
known can take its place. There may be
special uses of paint, where some other article
may be substituted with advantage, yet we
cannot reasonably look beyond the class of
substances known as drying oils for a substi-
tute. Volatile oils, and such as resin oils, which
oxydize into brittle resins, are altogether out
of the question. Of the pigments used for pre-
paring paint, we may mention lampblack,
white lead, red lead, vermilion, verdigris,
ochres, etc.
Polishing Veneebs.— Get a little chromate
of potash and put it in a 4-oz. bottle; add
water. After cleaning off veneers legs, itc ,
saturate a sponge with the above, and go oy r
your work evenly. According to the Btrength,
in a few minutes you may make lightest mahog-
any any color you require. When dry, polish.
Corked up, it will keep any length of time,
always ready for use, and you can repeat it
either before or after oiling, if not dark enough.
But if you get your work too dark, you will
have a job to paper it off evenly, especially in
turned work. It won't stain where there is
polish or glue.
OopiEspc EcofJo^y.
The Art of Cooking— No. 1.
The science and art of cooking may be divi-
ded iuto a few principal parts; the rest is all
fancy. These parts are baking, boiling, broil-
ing, frying, rousting, seasoning, simmering and
stewing. Tasting is an adjunct to all.
Baking. — Iu baking, see that the furnace or
oven be properly heated; some dishes require
more beat than others. Look at the object in
process of baking from time to time, and espe-
cially at the beginning; turn it round, if nec-
essary, in case it bo heated more on oue side
than the other, to prevent burning. In baking
meat and fish, besides keeping tbe bottom of
the pan covered with broth or water, plaoe a
piece of buttered paper over the object in the
pan. It not only prevents it from burning, but
acts as a self-basting operation, and keeps the
top moist and juicy. If the top of a cake
bakes faster than the rest, place a piece of
paper on it.
Boiling. — This is the most abused branch in
cooking. We know that many good meaning
housewives, and even professional coQks, boil
things that ought to be prepared otherwise,
with a view to economv; but a great many do
it through laziness. Boiling requires as much
care as any other branch, but they do not think
so, and therefore indulge in it. Another abuBe
is to boil fast instead of slowly. Set a small
ocean of water on a briBk fire and boil some-
thing in it as fast as yon can; you make much
steam but do not cook faster, the degree of
heat being the same as if you were boiling
slowly. If the objeot you boil, and especially
boil fast, contains any flavor, you evaporate it,
and cannot bring it back. Many things are
spoiled or partly destroyed by boiling, such as
meat, coffee, etc Water that has been boiled
is inferior for cooking purposes, its gases and
alkali being evaporated.
Broiling. — Whatever you broil, grease the
bars of the gridiron first. Broiling and roast-
ing are the same thing; the object in process
of cooking by either must be exposed to the
heat on one side and the other side to the air.
Bear in mind that no one can broil or roast in
an oven, whatever be its construction, its pro-
cess of heating, or its kind of heat. An object
cooked' in an oven is baked. It is better to
broil before than over tbe fire. In broiling
before the fire all the juice can be saved. In
broiling by gaB there is a great advantage. The
meat is placed under the heat, and as the beat
draws the juice of the meat, the coDBequence
is that the juice being attracted upward it is
retained iu the meat. A gas broiler is a square
flat drum, perforated on one side and placed
over a frame. Broiling on live coals or on
cinders without a gridiron is certainly not bet-
ter than with one, as believed by many; on the
contrary, besides not being very clean, it burns
or chars part of the meat. That belief comes
from the fact that when they partook of meat
prepared that way, it was with a sauce that
generally accompanies hunters, fishermen, etc.,
hunger, the most savory of all savory sauces.
— The Housekeeper.
Cleaning Silk Dresses. — Silk dresses may
be oleaned by potato water in this way: Grate
potatoes into clear, cold water — a large potato
to every quart of water, of which five or six
will do for a couple of dresses. If for very
light silk, pare the potatoes, but in any case
wash them clean.' The pan of water must not
be stirred in the least for forty-eight hours;
then very slowly and steadily pour off the
clear liquor, but not a particle of the sediment*
into an open vessel, dip the pieces of silk into
this liquid up and down a few times, without
the least creasing them; then wipe them on a
flat table with a clean towel, first one side then
the other. It is good to bang each one as it is
dipped upon a line, to allow the drops to drain
off a little before wiping. Iron one way on
the soiled side.
Bed Masking Ink fob Clothing. — A red ink
for marking clothes, whioh is not attacked by
soap, alkalies, or aoids, is prepared as follows:
Enough finely pulverized oinnabar to form a
moderately thick liquid is very intimately mixed
with egg albumen previously diluted with an
equal bulk of water, beaten to a froth, and fil-
tered through fine linen. Marks formed on
cloth with this liquid, by means of a .quill, are
fixed after they hav.e become dry, by pressing
the cloth on the other side with a" hot iron.
The ink will keep in well closed bottles for a
long time without separation of the suspended
cinnabar.
Mutton Stew. — Take such scraps of mutton
or lamb as are not fit for chops or cutlets. Just
cover with water. Add a little onion and pars-
ley, and season with salt and red and black
pepper. Boil two eggs hard, or if making a
good-sized stew use more. Mash or grate the
yolks fine, and stir them into a tablespoonful
of butter and the same amount of browned flour.
Stir into the Btewjust before dishing. Let it
boil up once after adding this, and Berve as
soon us it thickens.
Coffee Starch for black and dark brown
calicoes, percales and muslins; also for grass
cloths and Hollands. Mix two tablespoons-
ful of the best starch into a paste with cold
water. Stir it into one pint of boiling coffee
well settled. Boil ten minutes. Stir a few
times with a sperm or wax candle. Strain
through a cloth and use.
336
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 22, 1875
W. B. EWEB Skhiob Editor.
DEWEY «Sc CO., Futolisliers.
i. S. DBWET, GEO. H. BTBOHfl
W. B. EWEB, ™°* L> BOOHE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising: Bates:
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Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or
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i n extraordinary type or in particular parts of thepaper
nBerted at special rates.
Bampee Copies.— Occasionally we send copies of this
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by subscribing for it, or willing to assist us in extend-
ing its circulation. We call the attention of such to
our prospectuB and terms of subscription.
Smi Francisco:
Saturday Morning, May 22, 1875-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
9BKBKA1 EDITOBIALS. — Eae's System of
Amalgamation; Academy of Sciences, 329* Improved
Amalgamator and Separator; Water Balance for Hoist-
ing; Expeditions to Southern California; Short Lec-
tures on Patents; Post Pliocene Fossils, 336. The
Glacial Period — Its Origin and Development; Hints
on 'the Washoe Process, 337. Notices of Recent
Patents, 340.
ILLUSTRATIONS. — Eae's System of Amalgama-
tion, 329-337. Striped Leaved Maple, 333.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— The Transit and its
Probable Results; What Cheap Electricity is Expected
to do; Electricity — Interesting Observations; Curious
Water Formation; Size of a Molecule; Curious Effect
of Gus Flame; Curious Phenomenon; A New White
AUov; Ozone; An Earthquake Record; Force of the
Wind, 331.
MECHANICAL PROGKRESS. — Metallic Belts
and Band Saws; Internal Grooving in Steam Boilers;
Progress of the Arts; Five Hundred Shots a Minute;
Bessemer Steel Works in Sweden; An Improved
Blower, 331.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 332.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California and Nevada, 332-3.
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 334.
GOOD HEALTH. -Necessity of Sleep; Coughing
and Colds; Telegraph Malady; For Falling Hair; Ex-
tracting Needles or Bits of Iron; Eating Before Retir-
ing; Alcohol vs. Strength; Disinfectant and Mouth
Wash, 335.
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Improvements in
the Arts of Metallurgy; Economy in the Machine
Shop; Paint as a Preservative; To Take out Bruises
and Bemove Stains from Furniture; Polishing Ve-
neers, 335.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— The Art of Cooking-
No. 1; Gleaning Silk DreBses; Bed Marking Ink for
Clothing; Mutton Stew, 335.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Home Industries; "Petering
Out"— California Mines; Hydraulic Elevators; Hurdy
Gurdy; Sluices; Senseless Opposition to Scientific
Explorations; Discovery of Valuable Iron Ore in Nor-
way; Dangerous Sophistication of Sils ; Fast Railroad
Time; Pre-historic Belies; Ebullition of Sulphuric
Acid, 330. Mines Abandoned in Mexico; Fire
Clay, 334.
Improved Amalgamator and Separator.
John Rutherford, of this city, has recently
patented through the Mining and Scientific
Pbess Patent Agency, an amalgamator and
separator for precious metals, but more espe-
cially adapted for saving gold from auriferous
and magnetic sands, and gold, silver and
amalgam from the tailings or pulp of quartz
mills. It consists of a series of steps or levels
one below the other in an inclined frame, and
the pulp or sand is made to pass from the
upper level upon which it is fed, alternately
through a series of screens which are provided
with amalgamated balls or cylinders of copper
or other metal, and from these screens over
amalgamated plates until the mass reaches the
lower end.
An alternate shaking and concussive move-
ment is given to the frame holding these
screens and plates, by which the balls or cylin-
ders are kept in motion all the time, and being
amalgamated a thorough and complete separa-
tion of tbe precious mttals ib accomplished.
The inven or finds that ihe use of amalga-
mated balls in constant moil n upon the sur-
face below serves to stir np tbe sand ana gold,
and to wear "rusty goll" bright, so that it will
all bs amalgamated, while a certain electric
action, consequent upon the use of ihe copper
balls and irou screens w.ll assist in saving the
gold and any amalgam or quicksilver from the
pulp of mills. It is, however, in working the
magnetic or black gold sands that the invention
is chiefly valuable, as those sands have already
been naturally subjected to the action of water
to such au extent that there is no appreciable
differ nee io the specific gravities of tbe diff r-
eut constituents, and it is almost impossible to
save the gold by aDy means known at present.
By this m i. hins such a thorough rubbing and
separation of partichs takes place that all the
gold is brougut into contact with quicksilver
under such circumstances that it will be almost
certain to amalgamate.
Water Balance for Hoisting.
In many of the open works on the northern
side of the great coal basin of South Wales,
water balance machines are used for hoisting
purposes, for mines of no very great depth;
In a distriot where there is a good supply of
water and free drainage by means of adits, the
system is economical and may be recom-
mended. Sometimes water balance machines
are used when there is no drainage, the water
being pumped up from the bottom by an en-
gine, but this is not an economical arrange-
ment. In some oases the machines are placed
at different levels, so that the same water is
used five or six times over as many suocessive
lifts.
The car, holding from one to two thousand
pounds of ore or water is placed in a cage over
an empty water bucket, and the empty car on a
similar bucket on the top. Water is then made
to flow into the upper bucket until its weight
is great enough to make it descend, in this
manner raising the loaded car'on the other end
of the rope. The buokets are made of half
inch boiler plate, circular in form, and some
hold more than two tons of water. The land-
ing chain is balanced by a chain which hangs
below each bncket, and guide chains are used
to keep the buckets from striking each other
when the shaft is not divided in two depart-
ments. A speed of 300 to 100 feet per minute
is easily attained by the machine, and the total
cost for raising stuff — in Wales— is one and
one-half pence per ton per fifty fathoms. For
great depths the weight of the machinery be-
comes so great that the economy disappears.
Somewhat similar machines are used in some
of the iron mines in both Lancashire and Cum-
berland.
Expeditions to Southern California.
It is understood that a portion of one divi-
sion of Lieut. Wheeler's expedition will oper-
ate this year in Southern California, including
portions of the coast range and the Sierra Ne-
vada, extending westward as far as Death val-
ley. In addition to general geographical pur
suits by Lieut. Wheeler during the last five
years, he has been directed to make a special
examination and survey with a view to deter-
mine the practicabilety of diverting the water
of the Colorado of the West for irrigating and
other purposes. He will also send a small
party to co-oparate with a similar one sent out
by the Smithsonian Institute to make archaeo-
logical researches and collections in Santa Cat-
alina islands.
A party will also leave the University of Cal-
ifornia about the tenth of June on an explor-
ing expedition to Yosemite, Death valley, Mt.
Whitney, etc. Prof. Joseph Le Conte will
head the party, which will consist of five or
six of the ProfessorB and students. The party
will go on horseback, and will be provided with
arms, pack horses and complete outfits. The
collections made in the different departments
will be Bent to the University museum. The
interior of the State, and especially the higher
mountainous regions, possesses features of
great interest to the scientific Btudent. To geo-
logists, perhaps no place in the United States
offers greater inducements for research and ex-
animations; and to collectors of objects of sci-
entific interest there is a magnificent field
open.
We are certain that many interesting facts
will be developed by the parties about to start
out, and trust that every facility will be offered
to them by the people among whom they so-
journ.
The Mariposa Company's Tboubles. — A his-
tory of the Mariposa company's troubles was
related in the Superior Court in the opening
by James H. Choate, in the suit brought by the
secretary of the company against Eugene Kelly.
When the old Mariposa company dissolved,
the property went into the hand of Mark Brum-
magim and other trustees, who were to work it
up in the best way they could, and in so en-
deavoring they issued certificates, on which
speculations were made. At this time Kelly
says the company became indebted to him for
some $300,000 advanced, while plaintiff holds
that the whole affair was privately arranged
between Kelly and Brummagim, and the com-
pany cannot be held responsible for anything
due Kelly by the trustees in his individual
capacity. The trustees ordered the property to
be s"ld for taxes, and an agreement was made
that Kelly should buy in the property. Kelly
now claims ihat the expenses oonn cted with re-
taining possession of the property from squat-
ters, and t x Mile purchases, amounted lo
$126,000. Pending the settlement of tbe ques-
tion, a company has been formed in California
with the same name, and a dee 1 has been made
of the New Jersey company's stock to it.
Kelly, in a Buit in the Supreme Court, has
enjoined any further proceedings to consumate
the transfer, and has had a receiver appointed
of the property in this.
Steameb James M. Donahue. — The trial trip
of this new steamer, boile in San Francisco,
for the San Franci-co and North Pacific rail-
road company, takes place May 22d. We shall
have mere to s >y of it hereafter.
A numbeb of parties have arrived at Chey-
enne who intend going to "the Black hills as
soon as the Government permits.
Short Lectures on Patents.
No. 5— By «Jno. L. Boone, of Dewey & Oo*s.MrNING and
Scientific Press Patent Agency.
The Specification.
In order to obtain a patent the inventor is
required to file a description of his invention,
and this description is called the specification.
Upon the preparation of this document de-
pends the strength and validity of the patent
when it is issued. The invention must not
only be described, but it must be described in-
telligibly so that others can understand it. Its
object is not only to define what the inventor
has discovered and accomplished in order to
protect him during the existence of the patent,
but also to teach the public how to construct
and use the invention successfully when the
patent expires. Everything that is necessary
to the successful operation of the invention
must be disclosed, no secrets are tolerated. If
it can be shown that the inventor withheld an
important or necessary element or part of the
invention the patent can be defeated. The
specification is the foundation upon which the
patent is based. If it is weak the patent can
be easily overthrown. It is the inventor's state-
ment of his invention. He describes it in his
own words, and the officers of the Patent
Office have no right to change its meaning or
phraseology. They may reject it for want of
formality, or because its construction is suoh
that it is liable to deceive or mislead the public,
and they will require the inventor to amend
and correct it before they will allow it, but the
manner of describing the invention and the
phraseology are left to the inventor or his
agent.
A rambling, incoherent specification will in-
variably defeat the patent, and even ah erro-
neous statement if it effects the essence of the
invention, will defeat it. There is some-
thing pleasing and satisfactory in a crisply and
plainly worded specification. It gives the
reader a more exalted idea of the invention,
and is evidence that the invention was not
guessed at or only half digested before the
patent was applied for. It presents no cause
for quibbling, and gives no occasion for expla-
nations. A large proportion of the trouble and
annoyance to which inventors are subjected by
infringers and improvers is occasioned by im-
perfectly prepared specifications.
A patent does not necessarily cover all that
is described in the specification. If the inven-
tion is an improvement upon an old machine
it is generally neeeBsary to describe either the
whole or a part of the old machine, in order to
show the connection and operation of the in-
vented part. Whatever the specification may
describe, the patent only covers what is stated
in the claims. The specification is only a de-
scription by whioh the claims are to be inter-
preted and defined. It is often the case that
patents are bought and sold on the strength of
what is described in the specification, without
reference to what is claimed. The person who
thus purchases a patent is almost sure to get
into trouble.
The Claims.
After describing his invention the inventor
sets forth what he claims and desires to secure
by the patent. The claims cover only that por-
tion of what is described in the specification
that is new, and the patent covers only what is
claimed, so that if we would learn what the
patent secures to the inventor we must examine
the claims, and to interpret them we must refer
to the specification. To properly set forth the
claims to an invention, so that the inventor
will be fully protected, requires the greatest
skill of the patent solicitor. If they are im-
properly stated the patent is inoperative.
A claim is either broadly for a new device or
for a combination of several devices which act
together to produce a new result. In the first
instance the device which is claimed broadly
must be new and it must produce an independ-
ent result or be a complete thing without the
assistance of the other parts of mechanism. In
the latter case the parts combined must act to-
gether to produce a result.
Some inventors entertain the opinion that a
combination claim is of no value. This is a
false idea. A combination claim is just as
strong in law as any other if it is properly con-
structed. Where the combination is legitimate
and the parts absolutely necessary to produce
a result a combination olaim is just as good,
and just as strong as a claim for each individ-
ual part, and in most cases it is the only way
thst the inventor can be pro'eoted. The great
difneulty is to oorrectly s'ate the combina ion,
so that nothing that is useless or nit necessary
is incoiporat din it, and to do this not only
requires legal hat mechanical skill. One
machine may contain several legitimate com-
binations of parts, each of which may b
claimed, and it often requires the nicest dis-
crimination and the profonndest patent judg-
ment to combine aud arrange these parts prop-
erly in the claims. By far the greatest num-
ber of patents issued from the Patent Office
are for the combination of two or more me-
ohanical parts, and in patents for improvements
on exis ing machines this is almost always the
case, because the new is combined with the old.
A combination claim must cover those parts
which are necessarily parts of tbe same move-
ment, or in other words, which oo-aot to pro-
duoe a result. To combine the hands of a
watch with a watch chain, even if the chain
is new in its construction, would not be a
legitimate claim, because the one is entirely
separate and distinct from the other, and no
connection or co-action exists between them.
Each performs a separate duty and can in no
way aid the other; but to combine the hands
with the movement or internal mechanism of
the watch would be legitimate if the meohan-
ism made the hands perform a new duty; but
there must be some new action between the
parts to render even this combination patent-
able. In a combination olaim nothing short of
all the parts which act together to produce a
result is legitimate. If a device or single piece
of mechanism is new entirely and complete in
itself, independent of the surrounding devices
or parts, it can be claimed separately, but if it
is only new in part, the new must be claimed
in combination with the old, beoause it requires
the whole to perform a duty. -
A claim cannot be for a result, nor for a me-
chanical principle ; but when an inventor has dis-
covered a new result or principle, together with
the machinery which produces it, and secures
a patent for this machine or device, he is en-
titled to cover all equivalents, which is virtu-
ally covering the principle. All claims cover
equivalents without the words "or their equiv-
alents" being stated. The examiners in the
Patent Office will even reject a claim which
contains these words, because the law provides
for covering equivalents, and their presenoe in
a claim would be useless.
The wording of a claim is all-important.
Many patentees are content if the device or part
which they think most of, is mentioned
anywhere in the claims, whether it be combined
with one or a dozen other parts, and often
claims are so blindly worded that it takes a keen
patent lawyer to find out the patented point,
if, indeed, the claims cover any point at all.
There is no remedy for this as long as invent-
ors will persist in placing their applications in
the hands of cheap patent agents. Fortu-
nately the law has provided a remedy in case
the patent has not been taken out properly,
and this remedy will be the subjeot of my next
lecture.
Post Pliocene Fossils.
Eev. Stephen Bowers, of Santa Barbara, has
collected the following post pliooene fossils
near that city :
Amphissa corrugata, Amycla tuberosa, Amycla
gausapata, Acmaea spectrum, Barnacle, Barnacle
attachment, Bittium quadrifilatum, Carcharodon
rectus (shark's tooth); Cariophyllia, Cancellaria
grocilwr, CaMostoma canaliculatum, Cancer
(crab's fingers), Cerithicpsis r? Chama
exogyra, Chione fiuctifragaf?) Chrysodomus tab-
ulatus, Chione succincta, Chrysodomus dirus,
Chrysodomus byratus, Chlorostoma aureotinctum,
Calliostoma costatum, Gardium corbis, Conus
Californicus, Clalhurella Gonradiana, Crepidula
adunca, Crepidula excavata, Crepidula navicel-
hides, Cryptomya Californica, Cumingia Cali-
fomica, Denialium hexagonuni, Dentalium In*
dianorum, Biala acuta, Brillia inermis, Brillia
incisa, DriMia moesta, Brillia torosa, Echinus
? Erato columbella, Eubina micaris, Fusus
ambusius,Fissurellavolcano, Galerus contorlus(?)
Glyphis aspera, Glycimeris tenerosa (?) Hinnites
giganteus, Mipponyx cranioides, Mipponyx ?
Ischnochiton MagdaUnois, Janirabelia, Lacuna
solidula, Lascea rubra, Lazaria subquadrata,
Leda ? Leptolhyra sanguinea, Leptothyra
bacula, Leplothyra acuticoslata, Liocardium sub*
striatum, Lucma ? Lucina Californica,
Lunatia Lewisii, Macoma edulis, Macoma inqui-
nata,Macoma nasuta, Margarita pupiUa, Martesia
intercalala, Mangelia, (two species), Mitra
maura, Mitromorphd aspera, Modiola capax,
Muricidea Barbarensis, Mytilus Calif orniamis,
Wassa Cooperi, Nassa fossata, Nassa perpingnis,
Neveriia Beclusiana, NMdeUa crysoloidea, Nulli-
pore? ? Ocinebra aspera, Ocinebra lurida,
Ocinebra inierfossa, Ocinebra ? OliveUa
biplicata, Opalia borealis, Oslrea conchaphila var,
expansa, Oslrea Taylorana, Pachypoma gibber-
osum, Pecten cerrocensis (?) Pecten hastatus (?)
Pecten Icelandicus, Pecten lalianritus, Pecten
monotimeris, Pholadidea ovoidea, Parapholas
Californica, Placunomia macroschisma, Pleuro'-
toma perversa, Phorcus pulligo, Porites, Polyzoa,
Pomanlax undosus, Priene — — ? Priene Ore-
gonensis, Psephis Lordi, PsephistanteUa, Pisania
fortis, Pteronotiis feslivus, Purpura ? Pur-.
pura crispata, Puncturella cttcullata, Bupellaria
lamellifera, Saxidomus .' Saxidomus Nut-
tallii, Scalaria Indianorum, Scalaria Indianorum
var. tinda, Scarria mltra, Schizothcerus NuttaUii,
Septifer bifurcatus, Serpulorbis squamigerous,
Solen ? Solecurtus Californianus, Subtrioola-
alta, Surcula 'Carpenteriana, Tapes staminea.
Tapes aiversa, Tornativa cereatis, Tornaiina
culcitella, Trophon Orpheus (?) Trophon irianr
gulatus. Turritella Cooperia, Venericardia bore-
alis, Wnldheimia ? Zirphma crispata (?)
The above list comprises one hundred and
thirty-three species and varieties. Mr. Bowers
has a number not yet identified, and he is con-
tinually adding others, and hopes soon to swell
the list to two hundred, or more, species.
Kevised Statutes. — Walter A. Skidmore, of
this city, has issued a work containing the
revised statutes of the United States relating
to mineral lands, with the circular instructions
of the general land office, a digest of the de-
cisions of the Department of the Interior,
together with tin appendix of special statutes
relating to m niDg, with a co'lect on of forms
and a very oomplete index. The publication
contains a table of refereuoe showing the cor-
responding sec ions of the mining laws of
1866, 187U and 1872, and the revised Btatutes.
Published by Sumner, Whitney & Co., San
Francisco.
May 22, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
337
The Glacial Period— Its Origin and De-
velopment.
At the last meeting of the California Academy
of Sciences, a paper was submitted by J. E.
Clayton, of Bait Lake City, on the "Glacial
Period — Its Origin and Development." We
give below an abstract of this interesting paper
furnished us by the Secretary. Mr, Clayton,
who has been a careful student of the glacial
phenomena presented on the western slope of
North America, discovered, in 1860, the mark-
ing and terminal morains of the glaoial system
of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at the head
waters of the Merced and Tuolumne rivers.
Many theories have been advanced to ac-
count for the sudden change of climate of , ur
planet at the close of the Tertiary age,
from temperate and tropical heat to that
of Arotio cold. Many such theories are
based on assumptions of conditions and
causes, untenable by logical deductions
from general laws governing the progres-
sive development of our planet.
Mr. Clayton then reviewed some of the
theories of eminent scientists attempting
to account for the great climatic changes
at the close of the Tertiary period.
First Theory.
The writer cited the theory of a great
upheaval of land in the Northern Hemi-
sphere, by which the currents of the ocean
and atmosphere were greatly changed,
and consequent changes of temperature
resulted.
While he admitted a possible modify-
ing influence from this cause, he argued
that as the thermal effect of the sun's rays
upon the land surface is much greater
than upon water, and the average land
altitude of the North American continent
would not exceed 2,000 feet, such a
change, instead of precipitating a glacial
period, would, in all probability cause an
increase of atmospheric temperature.
As an elevation of the continent would
largely increase the land area, and con-
sequently the thermal effect of the sun,
gnoh a ohange would not supply the
conditions for a continental glaoial sys-
tem. Hence he argued the elevation of
land surfaces in the Northern Hemi-
sphere was not a primary or adequate
cause of the ice period.
Second Theory.
Some investigators argue a change in
the relative position of the earth's* poles, thus
changing frozen zones into temperate and
tropical latitudes. He argued that a self-
balanced rotating globe could not change the
position of its mass without changing the line
of its rotation; and unless the cause of such a
ohange could be shown, which had never yet
been done, the theory must be untenable.
If the general proposition is true that the
earth, originally incandescent, has been slowly
cooling by radiation, the conditions for even
tropical life must have begun at the poles and
progressed toward the tropical zones in har-
mony with the cooling climate. Violent dis-
turbances of the earth's level have taken place;
without these, the changes of life oreeping
toward the equator as the earth's orust thick-
ened, and consequently cooled, would have
been slow and almost imperceptible. He there-
fore rejected the theory of a change of poles
as incapable of 'proof.
Third Theory-
Some think the solar system, sweeping
through spaoe, may have encountered frigid
zones, capable of reducing, by contact, the
earth's atmospheric temperature sufficiently to
cause an ice period.
If this were true, the waters of the globe
would have frozen universally over its whole
surface, and the extinction of life would have
been a slow starving or "freezing out" process,
inoapable of accounting for the facts of glacial
times. He therefore concluded that cosmical
influences had no direct agency in producing
the glacial epoch at the close of the Tertiary
age.
Necessary Conditions for a Glacial Period.
Facts point to the geological disturbances
and volcanic eruptions, which occurred at the
close of the Tertiary age, acting upon the up-
per ourrents of returning trade winds as the
only causes sufficient to produce the glacial
phenomena as now indicated by geology.
These conditions were first a folding and dis-
locating of the earth's great longitudinal lines,
north and south, along the western borders of
one or more continents; followed by great
outflows of lava and great issues of interior
heat along suoh lines of fracture; then the local
vaporization of the surface waters by contact
with lava overflows; the ascent of vapors to a
hight sufficient to penetrate the return trade
winds, when blowing as an upper current . of
the atmosphere, together with the general de-
pression of the ocean beds and corresponding
elevation of continents and development of
great mountain chains.
That such conditions and facts did occur at
the close of the Tertiary age substantially in
the order named, is generally admitted by
practical geologists. He argued that these
conditions, in conjunction with the upper cur-
rents of the atmosphere, were ample, and would
of necessity produce the glacial epoch.
Continents of the Tertiary Age.
In the beginning of this age the largest areas
of continents oonsisted of low undulating sur-
faces slightly above the ocean level. Large
districts were covered by fresh water lakes and
inland seas, whose anoient beds alternately
present forms of life peculiar to marine, brack-
ish and fresh water, showing that slight oscilla-
tions of the earth's surface were sufficient to cause
interior continental basins to be filled with salt
water. Great changes of level were succes-
sively produced in this age, over large areas,
until the continents became mostly dry land.
In later Tertiary periods marino deposits were
gradually confined to the low borders of con-
tinents, and interior basins were filled exclu-
sively with fresh water drainage.
The Climate In the Tertiary Age
Fluctuated from a tropical warmth, at first
universal, to a temperate, and later to an Arctio
oold, in higher altitudes, where great mountain
chains were elevated . At the olose of the Ter-
the greatest lava outflows being along the
lower n inks and'plateaux of continents.
The lecturer then reviewed the wind currents.
demonstrating the freezing of vapors and their
distribution over portions of continents remote
from active igneous disturbances. If the earth
was a perfectly smooth sphere, atmospheric
currents would move with mathematical aoou-
racy. Their thermal modifications were then
explained, especially along the west ooast of
North America, where the polar current swings
far westward over the Pacific, and dry winds
sweep over it in a northeasterly direction.
At the olose of the Tertiary age. the western
slope of this continent was the prinoipal scene
of voloanio aotion. Districts as large as some of
the smaller States were buried to unknown
depths with lava and ashes, . while rivers and
lakes were deflected and swept out of existence.
Mr. Clayton's Theory.
The vapors of rivers turned upon hot lava beds
around Flan of Rae's Amalgamating Mill.
tiary age the disturbances of the solid crust of 1 rose into upper air currents, where they were
the earth were enormous. Great mountain 1 conveyed eastward at a very low temperature,
chains were elevated, accompanied by a corres- spreading the frozen material for future glaciers
ponding depression of ocean beds, thus in- broadcast over the more quiet Eastern slope of
creasing the land and reducing the ocean to nar- 1 continents. All forms of life were suddenly
Front View
Elevation
rower limits. These occurred mainly by sndden
convulsions and readjustments of the crust.
Continued radiation of heat from the fluid
nucleus of the globe caused its continued shrink-
age. The consolidated crust conformed
to its continued shrinkage by corrugations
and oscillations of level, until the lateral
pressure of the cruBt became so great as
to culminate in a series of dislocations
and uplifts over all the continents of the
globe, and resulting in the settling down of the
broken, folded and dislocated orust with nearly
its full weight upon the moulten interior mass.
ThiB gravitating pressure would cause outflows
of lava through ruptured crevices, until the
fluid and solid portions of the globe were bal-
anced according to their relative weight aBd
density, as water ascends in fissures of broken
ice to a point of equal weight. The greatest
outflows of lava occurred where the greatest
downward folding took plaoe, and is shown by
islands in oceans being of volcanic origin, and future meeting,
of Rae's Amalgamating: Mill.
overwhelmed and buried by sudden .falls of
snow, consequent on the overwhelming effects
of a great geological change. Buried mastodons
were found with stomachs full of food, thow-
ing the catastrophe to have been sudden.
Notwithstanding altitudes of the Pacific por-
tion of the United States were greater, no
traces of a coniinental system of glaciers are
here visible, and all known glaciers are simply
local, clustering aroond the polar sides of
higher peaks. The basins of the western vol-
canic region were filled with a hot sea, hissing
steam and volcanio products.
In the Sierra Nevadas, the anoient river sys-
tem haB been completely changed by the later
lava flows, so notable in Tuolumne, Sierra and
Plumas counties.
Some discussion on thiB subject ensued be-
tween Dr. Blake and Mr. K. E. C. Stearns, and
the question will probably come up again at a
Hints on the Washoe Process.
[Continued from l&et week.]
The Crushing in the Battery.
Here might come a discussion as to the rela-
tive advantaqes of self-feeding and feeding by
hand. Eventually I believe that automatic
feeding will be universally adopted, especially
for ore broken to a uniformly small size. Even
under present circumstances the automatic
feed is more economical than to have a man
feeding who is oareless, lazy, or inexperi-
enced. For a good battery-feeder give me a
small, intelligent, aotive, and wiry man ; a tall
or stout man cannot stand the jar of the bat-
tery constantly and do good work. A tough
man oan endure feeding twenty stamps for
twelve hours. If ten stamps or less are to be
supplied with ore, self-feeding is more eco-
nomical than feeding by hand as performed by
ordinary workmen ; but , if the mill is
pressed with work, and the pans are of
sufficient capacity to crowd the battery, the
self-feeding apparatus is not so good as a
man active, faithful, and skillful. Even
if he must be paid five dollars a day,
he will more than earn his wages by the
increased production of the whole mill.
Low feeding is the beet; let iron almost
wear on iron. The skillful workman will
feed low and uniformly, and not by sight,
but by the sound of each stamp. Under
this system a stem may break occasionally,
but it does not take long to put in another.
The broken stems can be repaired by
cutting off above the break and welding
on a pieoe of a bar of rolled iron, whioh
is subsequently turned off in a lathe.
Even if three stems out of twenty are
broken every month, the cost of repair-
ing, etc., amounts to little compared
with the increased production obtained by
low feeding.
The stem almost invariably breaks in
one place, namely, where it comes out of
the stamp socket or boss. We avoided this
evil partially by boring out the socket
and increasing the size of the stem where
it enters the socket. The broken sur-
face of the wrought iron stem shows the
iron to be thoroughly crystallized; its
fibrous condition having been destroyed
by the constant jar. A bar of round iron
should be always on hand with which to
repair broken stems.
As regards the weight and speed of the
battery, my experience favors light
stamps and the utmost speed. The
Owyhee mill battery, 650-pound stamps,
with eight and a half inches drop,
(running to ten incheB before re-setting,)
was run at a speed of ninety-three drops a min-
ute, the cams having been cut off so as to have
short cams. Such a speed gives no time for
the stem to settle in the sand; and as long
as bolts are kept tight, nuts secure, and
guides snug, no serious breakage need be ap-
prehended. On ordinary ores the consump-
tion of iron per ton, inoluding the old iion
thrown away, is about two pounds.
As regards the supply of water for the bat-
tery, there should be as much fall as possible
from the battery to the tanks, so that the con-
ducting troughs will keep dear and not ohok e
up; they will then require no excess of water.
The supply to the battery muBt vary according
to the clay in the ore. Use as little water as
practicable, consistent with keeping the screens
perfectly dead. The more clay, the more wa-
ter needed ; the more clay, the greater neces-
sity for careful low feeding, in order to avoid
the choking up of the mortar. If too muoh
water is used, to remedy the effeot of careless
folding, an unnecessarily large amount of
slimes are carried off out of the mill in the
waste water from the battery and tanks. To
avoid the loss of slimes, it is well to bso rather
ooarse screens, say No. i punched Kussia iron,
especially in clayey or slimy ores, so as not to
puddle or churn the ores in the mortar more
tban necessary. Ttis is particularly to be
looked after when the ort, is largely true silver
ore, or the gold very fine. As rcgwds setting
the battery, it is, in my judgment, preferable
to give the central stamp of the Ave in each
mortar the most drop; those adjacent on eaoh
side one-fourth inoh less, and the outside ones
one inch less still. But some millmen prefer
an even set.
Many persons advocate amalgamation in the
battery, in order to catch part of the gold and
native silver in ores containing, in addition to
tbese metals, silver sulpburet, chloride, etc, or
gold coated with pxide of iron, etc , and, there-
fore, requiring subsequent reduction and grind-
ing in the pans. But there is a strong objec-
tion to amalgamation in thee battery. The
amalgam thus formed is mostly a gold
amaigam, and hence it is worth much more
than the ordinary amalgam of a silver mill,
and of this the workmen are all aware. It is,
therefore, an additional temptation to stealing.
Tbe only benefit to be claimed for it is the pos-
sible catching of some of the gold otherwise
floating away in the water and catching in the
tlimes. It will be found, however, that this
amount of gold is very small. By determining
the proportion in weight of battery slimes, that
is, the fine, clayey material carried away in the
waste water from the tanks and battery, which
has never been in the pans, and by ascertain-
ing the value of the slimes in gold proportional
to the value of the ore in gold, it will be found
that, aB a rule, the entire loss in gold in the
slimes is not over one per cent, of the entire
amount of the gold in the ore.
[To be continued.]
338
MINING AND 'SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 22; 1 87 5
banking.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN PKAJICI8CO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
O. W. KELLOSO... President.
H. P. HASTlNaS Manager.
B. N.VANBBUNT CaBhier.
BANEINa HOUSE,
No. 423 California street San Francisco.
Kototze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate ef Four per cent, npo*
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Eeceive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers,- Hining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny 'SAN FBANOISOO
4y27tf G. UAEE, Director.
hi\m directory.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTOMKYSA1IDCOBNSELORBATLAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. B. corner Call
Ibrniaani* Leidesdorff streets,
SAN FRANCISCO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street,
. W. corner Sacramento.
iv: 1 instruments made, repaired and adiusted
22vl7.3m
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
Sold by al I Dealers throughout the World.
W«. BAKTLUQ. HEHBY XIIIBAU,.
BABTLING- & KIMBALL,
BOOKBirXUEItS,
Paper Enlers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
505 Clay ■treet, (southwest cor. Sansome),
Svl!-3m SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office,' 715 Clay Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
DATID WOER.^ER,
COOPER,
No- 104 and 112 Spear St., San Francisco.
Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Beer Bar-
rels, etc., Manufactured at Short Notice
and LOW KATES.
LUMBER for CASKS, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
ndDried if required.
eow-bp. ,'
Epilepsy or Fits.
A sure cure for this distressing complaint is now
made known in a treatise (of 48 octavo pases) on For-
eign and Native Herbal Preparations, published by Dr.
0. Phelps Brown. The prescription was discovered by
him in such a providential manner that he cannot con-
scientiously refuse to make it known, as it has cured
everybody who has used it for fits, never having failed
in a single case. The ingredients may be obtained
from any druggist. A copy sent free to all applicants
by mail. Address, Dr. O.PHELPS BROWN, 21 Grand"
street, JerBey Oity, N.J,
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOB SALE OK LEASE!
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
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Address J. L. OOAN,
233 Third street,
Or coll at 412 Market street.
ifecellapeolig polices,
LOOK TO YOUR INTEREST!
MANUFACTURED BY THE
PACIFIC RUBBER PAINT
COMPANY.
For many years chemists and others hive experi-
mented in mixing India Rubber with Oil, Lead, etc.,
in order to produce a perfectly
"WATER-PROOF PAINT,
And at last buccessful in their effort, have formed a
chemical combination of Rubber with oil paints,
which when applied becomes hard and elastic enough
not to crack or peel, from the action of the atmosphere,
with a glosB equal to work finished with varnish. The
Pacific Rubber Paint Company,
Of San Francisco, California, together with the RUB-
BER PAINT COMPANY, of Cleveland, Ohio, own all
the patents covering perfect combinations like the
above, which is known and sold by them as "Rubber
Paint."
The great demand for the Rubber Paint induced this
Company to purchase of the Cleveland, Ohio, and New
York Rubber Paint Company, the patentB for this
coast, and are now manufacturing this paint in all col-
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the best lead and oil paints. The Rubber Paint is
prepared in Pure White, in all Cottage and other
colors, comprising any number of different shades and
put up ready for use, being a great advantage, as it can
be spread by any one.
It Flows From the Brush Freely, Works
Easily, and Settles Promptly. It is avail-
able for all kinds of Painting-,
And may be used with equal advantage on iron, stone
wood, brick, or plaster.
The Rubber Paint will cover more surface, cover it
better, and last much longer than Lead and Oil. Two
coats of the Rubber Paint is better than three coats of
Ordinary Paint.
San Jose, Cal., March. 20, 1875.
Paoefio Rubber Paint Co., San Francisco.— Gentler-
men: — I have used and sold the Rubber Paint in thiB
city during the last four years. We have about one
hundred buildings, painted with the Rubber Paint.
Among the prominent ones are the State Normal School,
Gates Institute, City Market; the re^idtnces of Josiah
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Arquello, Santa Clara, etc. It has never failed to give
satisfaction, with a test of from one to four years, so
that its durability has been well te.sted. My sales last
year were nearly five thousand gallons.
Truly Yours, Amaba Eaton.
REFERENCE:
OAPT. EDWIN MOODY, San Francisco.
AMASA EATON, San Jose.
WILLEY & RINALDO, San Jose.
WALLACE EVERSON, Oakland.
F. K. SHATTUCK. Oakland.
ISAAC KNOX, ESQ.
Office and Factory!:
Pacific Rubber Paint Co.,
No- 207 Sacramento street,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
mar27-ea
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
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3v28-3m-sa
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This is a Sure Cure for Screw "Worm, Scab
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This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
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Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, giving
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sheep growers who "have used large quantities of the
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cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Fran-
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gists.
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO.,
' Patent Riyeted
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery St.,
* San Francisco.
These goods are specially
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MINERS, and WORKING
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USE NO OTHER, AND INQUIRE FOR THESE
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Ayer's Hair Vigor
—FOB—'
BE8TORI1VG OKAY HAIR
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cures dandruff, heals all humors, and keeps the scalp
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As a dressing for ladies' hair, the Visor is praised for
its grateful and 'agreeable perfume, and valued for the
soft luster and richness of tone it imparts.
PREPARES BY
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PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS,
■y Sold by aU Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, Wholesale Agents,
jyl8-sa SAK FBANOISOO.
ox.
Geo.M.Grant&Co.
PHILADELPHIA.
The Candles sold under the above well known
'brand" are made only of Pure Stearic Acid, twice
hydraulic pressed, are not cheapened by adulteration
With crude material, and upon burning, give a large
and brilliant flame, without running. 13v9-2ambp
"W. BREDEMEYER,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt XjaJre, XT. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve-
ments furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working- of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining and Concentrating Machinery.
* For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take.contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of Shafts. , P. O. Box 1167.
NEW ALMADEN -QUICKSILVER,
TRADE
MARK.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latesb and most improved hind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special leiiRt lis itnd sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & CO.,
e20 till and 613 Front street, San Francisco
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice is given to coosumers and shippers
that Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or his duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B. RANDOL, Manager,
New Almaden, April 5th, 1875.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
PersonB engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Painted at contract prices, for goods or
article* in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors.
Bootmakers,
Hatters,
Hotels,
Gents'Furnish'g- G'ds,
Furniture Dealers,
Jewelers,
Piano Fortes.
"Wine Merchants, Etc., Etc
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to 50 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS. GAMES jjj/ffl EBfe^ Black
HOUDANS. ^^B^W^t CAYUGA DUCKS
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed ^o as to hatch after arrival on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment. ]
Female Complaints should be cured, as they often
an be, by a few doses of Ayer's Sarsaparilla.
Brittan, Hoibrcok & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals. Tinners' Goods j Too la arid Machines;
111 and U- California St„ 17 and 19 Davis St., San Fran-
oiseo, and 178 J St., Sacramento. mr.-ly J
The National Gold Medal
WAS AWARDED TO
BEADLEY & RTJLOFSON
FOB THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE
UNITED STATES,
AM) THE
VIENNA MEDAL
FOR THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
No. 429 Montgomery Street,
eowbp San Francisco, Cal.
Ames' Genuine Chester Emery
<S>
Has been reduced from seven cents to six
cents per pound for grains in kegs, flour
and fine flour remaining at four centB per
pound, as heretofore. Important discounts
to the trade. Send for circulars.
HAUGHWOUT & CO.,
26 Beekman Street, New York.
May 22, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
339
JAipipg ^achijiery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MIH,T-,M,
Made by our Improved pro-
eeaa. After many years of
patient reatari-h and experiment
we hav©»uce*T(Jrd in producing
8TE£L SHOES AM' DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS. I
Strength,
Durability
and
l>le. felioe.
Economy.
Will wear three Hnius longer than any iron Shoes.
BUILDERS AND OONTKACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans. Separators, Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and General Mining Machinery In all its
details, and Furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promptly filled.
MOREY & SPERKY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description see Mini:.-', and Scientific Peess,
March 6, 1875.
For Gleaning Quicksilver Before Using: it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IKON WORKS, San Francisco.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
BETHESDA MINER IT S P RING WATER,
Of WnukoNlta, 'Witgc-oimiii.
w. ■ cintiu Bfthc-wla to be a specific In all caBOS of Diabetes Inflammation of the Kidneys, Inflaa mation of
the Keck of the Bladdor and Crwthra, Inflammation of the Bladder, Drop»y, Gouty Swellings. Stoppage uf Uriut-
Albumeimrla, Ropy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Dust Deposit; Thick. Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appeuriug Urine
with Bone Dunt Deposits; Burning Sensation with Sharp Pains when vldiug Urine; Hemorrhage of the Kidneys
Pain in the Kidneys and Loins, Torpid Liver Indigestion. Calculus, and Female- Weakness.
ro .Tnt'rrV.i!f u? remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases as effectually as Bethosda
Water, rbls fact lias been demonstrated wherever tho water has boen used according to directions, which can
bo had at the Geceral Agents' by application to them.. The water Is sweet and pleasant to the taste. It can bo
drank at all hours. Why should any one suffer while this Water is so easily obtainod?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fM7-eow-bp-3ni 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FBANCISOO.
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS.
■a a
■3 ^ ™f
■S 5 2
a
I
Examiner of Mines, Mineral Assayer, Etc.
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of C72 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth) ; $12 (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
nt the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fair of 1869.
Price of the .machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
This machine, oomplcte, weighs 1.501) lbs.* Has an iron
frame, five fteel arms with stamps weighing 17 lbs. each,
which strike 2,0' 0 bleVs per minute, in a monar provided
with Bcret'ns on both sides, and crushes fine GOO lbs. per
honr. requiring one-hotse power 10 drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, :ind is guaranteed to give goud satis-
faction. PRICE, »600.
&. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf
315 California street. San Francisco. I
[■lacliipery.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extba Heavy and'Impeoved Pattebnb,
putna-m: machine co.,
Manutautuheb.
LATHES, PLANERS, BORING: MILLS, DEILLS,
BOLT CTJTTEKS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CTJTTEKS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE Sc LACY,
310 California Street, S. J?
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbinc and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
WM. HAWKINS. T. G. OANTRELL
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May SO, 1808.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For bard and "wet Rook, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT. POWDER, IVO. S9
For medium nnd seamy Stock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent. In expenses, besides doing the worfe in half the time
required for black powder.
«5" The only Blasting Powder used In Europe and the Eastern States.
■RA-N-mwATJisr, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-Smlfip General Agents, No, 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYE&S,
MANUFAGTOBEIiB OF
t. 10 F F E L ' !*
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes ,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
fl^Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List- sent free
i
"THE DANBURY"
DRILL CHUCK.
The Favorite tvery-where. .
Send stamp for circular.
The Hull ft B^den Compaqy^anbTirr, Ct.
P. S. — TheEe phuckB are now on hand aud for sale
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
ENGINES.
ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Ha8 decided meritj. Its Beauty, Compactness*
Strength, Durability, Economy ih Foel, Ease in Hand*
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
OSfCall and see it or send for Circulars.
J.M.KEELER& CO., Agts.,306 Cal. St*., S.F
Estimates bIvcl. for Special Work of every
■ description. Are fully equlpned with first-
■i class Machinery ana Tools.
■The Hull ft Beldeu Company, Danbury, Ct.
I
IRON AND STEEL
DROP FORGING.
0/ Every Description, at Seasonable Prices.
The Hull ft Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
CRANK PLANERS.
ISupwior Donign and Workmanship, Extra Hoavy (1400 lb. }
DOWN, ANGULAR & GROSS-FEED.
TO PLANJS 12x10x15.
iThe Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ot.
LANE & BODLEY,
John and Water Sts.» Cincinnati.
Manufacturers of
PORTABLE & STATIONARY STEAM
ENGINES,
From two to two hundred Horse Power. Send tor
Illustrated catalogue.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-horse power. Shafting, PuIleys.HoistGears.
Quartz MtiK Water Tanks, Spanish Arastras, Pumps and
Pipes, Hepburn and Belden Pans, and all kinds of Ma-
chinery for sale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHTTKLAW,
265 Brannan street, S. F.
Hignest eatfn prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
"DEAD STROKE11 POWER HAMMER.
! IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIN.
IStbikes Blow Heavy or Light, Fast on Sunt.
i Prices Seduced Jan. 1st, 1 875.
[The Hull k Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
Office of Drain Pipe Worts,
S. W. Corner Sac
ramento and
Montgom-
ery Sts.,
S. F.
DRAINS
CON6TBUCTED
In any part of the
State, and
Work Warranted
E. T. MENOMY
Proprietor.
bp-eow-1 yr
ffletalllirgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals.
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAJt FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in lurnishlng these supplies sine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Oeast.
Iff" Our Oold and Sliver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
uable tables for computation of assays in Grain*
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v25-tf JOHN TAYLOR h 00,
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machine* Stand Unrivaled.'
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the moBt perfeot manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows;
The pan being filled , the motion of the muller forcea
the pulp to the center, where it 1b drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaceB.
Thence it is th»"own to the periphery into the quiokBilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
pasBes down, and to the ciroumference as before. Thue
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfacee and into the quicksilver, until the ore 1b
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly aad'perfectly in con.
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine theBe pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San FranciBC*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First Btreet San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, eto.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HXTHN,
O. A. LTJOKHARDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
BODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MEBCHAirre,
ADVAItraS MA1IK
On 1.11 kind* of Ore., and particular iitLentJo.
PAID TO
(lOKSISKM BNTH OF UIIOM.
«Tl«Sm .
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENEY G. HANKS
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
UEOPOLD KTJH,
{Formerly of tho TJ. S. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
Assayer and :»Xetallwjrgrie»3
CHEMIST, .
Xio. 611 Commercial Street.
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint.
8an Fbakoisoo Oal. 7v21-8m
J. & P. N. H AN N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
WOODBERRY COTTON DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duci; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
ounce Duck.
Flax, Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 810 DAVIS STBEET,
SAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
340
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 22, 1875
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through
Dewey & Co. 'a Scientific Pbess American and
Foreign Patent Agenoy, the following are
worthy of mention:
Impeoted Gas Meteb. — Jacob Badston, San
Francisco. This invention relates to certain
improvements in dry gas meters, and consists
first in a novel construction and arrangement
of the inlet and outlet pipes, so that the pipes
may be put on or repaired with much less
trouble and expense than hitherto. The inven-
tion further consists in passing the operating
rods up through the pipes instead of through
separate stuffing boxes, and in a novel device
for connecting the diaphragms with the links
of the operating rods, so that the 'connections
are easily renewed, and the motion of the dia-
phragms made adjustable. By means of suita-
ble passages, the interior and exterior chambers
of any meter are so connected with a single dis-
charge, that accumulation of liquid in either or
both chambers can be at any time drawn off.
By means of a Bimple device the inventor is
enabled to renew the glass in front of the indi-
cators at any time, and the whole apparatus of
a three diaphraem meter is fitted into a square
outer case, which is much more convenient
than a round or other shaped case.
Tap and Faucet— Amos 'C. Spiinger, San
Francisco. This patent relates to certain im-
provements in that class of devices for drawing
liquids, which consist of a tap to be permanently
fitted into the vessel, and a removable cock or
faucet, and it is of a more special value for
beer barrels and for the gauge cocks of steam
engines, and containing vessels which have an
interior pressure. It consists first of a hollow
cylindrical tube, which is permanently fixed
in the barrel or other vessel, and is provided at
its inner end with a hollow plug, having two
or more sorew threads upon the outside,
and a soft metal packing upon a shoulder at
the inner end, by which it is made tight. Com-
bined with this portion is a cock or faucet, which
has a slot at its inner end to fit over a corres-
ponding projection upon the plug. A rubber
packing ring surrounds the stem* of this faucet
and fits closely the smooth interior of the
stationary tube, so that when a half turn is
given the faucet to screw the plug back, the
liquid can escape. A simple nut surrounds the
tube of the faucet, and by screwing it into the
tube, connects the whole to either. By the
peculiar construction of this device the inven^
tor claims that he secures a perfect working tap
and faucet, and it will not be possible for it to
leak, as most devices of this kind do before
being screwed down to a bearing. It is also
equally available for a gauge cock for boilers,
and the cocks can be renewed whenever neces-
sary, by simply screwing the plug down tight
and removing the cock. As the plug turns oat
instead of into the vessel) it can be easily re-
newed to clean the vessel, and is not likely to
become clogged with sediment.
Automatic Eailboad Signalling Device.
James Gordon, San Francisco. This i
mention is an improved device which is
intended to signal the approach of trains upon
railroad lines, and it consists in the use of a
series of tanks filled with water, and having
floats which will operate by means of air which
is compressed or caused to move in pipes con-
necting the point where the train may be with
the signal station. A train passing the point
where the vessel holding the liquid is located
will depress a lever and this will raise a gas-
ometer, drawing air into an air chamber which
is placed in the center of the tank, by means
of metallic valves. As soon as the train has
passed, the weight of the gasometer will press
upon the body of air just admitted, and this
will drive the air out through a pipe leading
from the air chamber to another air -chamber
in the signalling apparatus, and communicate
its pretstfre throughout the whole length of the
pipe. A aaitable device is used to serve as a
check and prevent the air from flowing back
when the gasometer is lifted and the valves
opened. The pressure from the pipe leading
from the air chamber is communicated to an-
other vessel and then acts on a second gasome-
ter, and will raise it together with any attached
signal, the operation being very delicate and
instantaneous. A certain amount of pressure
is preserved so as to balance the signal and
thus hold it in readiness to be acts d upon by
the slightest additional pressure. . A valve in
the pneumatic boitle allows the air to escape
from the vessel so that the signal will gradu-
ally descend after the train has passed, and by
regulating the size of the escape orifice the
length of time which the signal occupies in de-
scending can be controlled.
It was the intention of the officers of the
Virginia and Truckee railroad to put two hun-
dred white men to work Monday, on the switch
that is to run by the new shaft of the Caledonia
mine, provided they could employ them at
$2.50 per day. All the unemployed men
thought the rates too low, and refused to go to
work. The work will not be prosecuted at
present.
The Stickeen Mines.— The Stickeen river is
full of drift ice, but still closed for navigation.
There are more miners and traders in Carsiar
than any previous year, and all are confident
of big pay.
JATENTS & INVENTIONS
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Paoifto Coast Inventors.
[FSOH Official Rbpobtb fob the Mininu and Boten
TOTO "PBEHB, DEWEY & CO., PUBLISHBBS AND
U. 8. and Foreign Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch., Dated "Washing-ton,
D. O.. May 18, 1875.
Fob Week Ending Mat 4, 1875.
Mail Bag Fastening. — Jas. C. Franklin, Lena,
Oregon.
Overalls. — Samuel B- Krouse, S. F., Cal.
Newspaper File. — Franklin B. Alderaon, San
Jose, Cal.
Cab CoDPLiNG.^-Adolph V.Anderson, Virginia
City, Nev.
Steam Plow. — Duncan Beaumont, Sacramento,
Cal.
Refining Base Metal Bullion. — Frederick
H. Bousneld, S. F., Cal.
Speing Bed Bottom. — Augustus M. Dennen
and Casey Newhouse, Stockton, Cal.
Endless "Wire "Ways, — Andrew S. Hallidie,
S. F., Cal.
Ventilating Mines. — Levi J. Henry, S. F.,
Cal.
Automatic Air Blast fob Gas Machines.—
Robert Newson, S. F., Cal.
Shoe Fastening. — Theophilus Tucker, Oak-
land, Cal.
Re-issues.
Stbaw-Feeding Attachment for Fubnaces. —
David. Morey, Watsonville, Cal.
Stkam Bolleb.— Harvey W. Rice, Haywood,
Cal.
patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 11 days after the date of issue.
Note. — Oopies of U. 8. aud Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast InventorB transacted with
perfect security and in the shortest possible time.
The Cuban insurgents are destroying the
sugar plantations in most of the districts of
that unhappy country. The entire number of
estates destroyed up to about the middle of
April is reported at 100, valued at $7,200,000.
but worth, previous to the war, $25,000,000.
In a recent article describing Fitts' Road
Steamer it was stated that "the pulling capac-
ity was from ten to twenty tons on tracks."
The last word should have read "trucks."
"A DROP OF JOY IN EVERY WORD."
Flemington, Hunterdon Co., N. J.
June 26, 1874.
Db. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.:
Dear Sir:— It is with a happy heart that I
pen these lines to acknowledge that you and
your Golden Medical Discovery and Purgative
Pellets are blessings to the world. These med-
icines cannot be too highly praised, for they
have almost brought me out of the grave.
Three months ago I was broken out with large
ulcers and sores on my body, limbs and face,
I procured your Golden Medical Discovery and
Purgative PelletB, and have taken six bottles,
and to-day I am in good health, all those ugly
ulcers having healed and left my skin in a
natural, healthy condition. I thought at one
time I could not be cured. Although I can but
poorly express my gratitude to you, yet there
is a drop of joy in every word I write. God's
blessing rest on you and your wonderful medi-
cines is the humble prayer of
Yours truly,
JAMES O. BELLIS.
When a medicine will promptly cure such
terrible eating ulcers and free the blood of the
virulent poison causing them, who can longer
doubt its wonderful virtues ? Dr. Pierce, how-
ever, does not wish to place his Golden Medi
cal Discovery in the catalogue of quack patent
nostrums by recommending it to cure every
disease, nor does he bo recommend it; but what
he does claim is this, that there is but one form
of blood disease that it will not cure, and that
disease is cancer. He does not recommend his
Discovery for that disease, yet he knows it to
be the most searching blood cjeanser yet dis-
covered, and that it will free the blood and
system of all other known blood poisons, be
they animal, vegetable or mineral. The Golden
Discovery is warranted by him to cure the worst
forms of Skin Diseases, as all forms of
Blotches, Pimples and Eruptions, also all
Glandular Swellings, and the worst form . of
Scrofulous and Ulcerated Bores'of Neck, Legs
or other parts, and all Sorofulous Diseases of
the Bones, as White Swellings, Fever Sores,
Hip Joint and Spinal Diseases, all of which
belong to Scrufulous diseases.— Com.
Subscbibebs are requested to examine the printed
address on their papers. If mistakes occur at any time,
please report them to thi= office. The last figures (at
the extreme right) represent the year that your sub-
scription is paid to. Next to these the day and month
is represented. For instance, your subscription being
paid to July 4th, 1876, it would be represented, viz:
£■*£; or'4jl76; orjuH,76. .
Woodwabo's Gabdenb embraces an Aquarium, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Skating Rink.
Getze's School for the Parlor Organ hafl reached a
sale of sixty thousand copies in two years; it is a good
instructor. Price, $2.60.
1845. The Harrison Portable Mill Machinery. 1875.
FAST GRINDING. SMALL POWER.
Thirty Tears' Experience in this Specialty, covered by Twentv Patents.
.French Burr Stone Mills, run by hand, horse, wind, water or steam power. Flouring Mills
and Bolters, combined or separate ; Vertical and Horizontal Corn Mills, Feed Mills and
Universal Pulverizers — will grind all Grains and Mineral and Vegetable substances.
Send stamp for Illustrated Catalogue contnining cut of each design and price-list.
EDH'AJtl) HARRISON, Manufacturer,
A'o. 135 Howard Ave., New Haven* Conn.
W. T. &ARRATT.
Brass and Bell Founder, J[i
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MAOTFACTUBEBB OI'
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVERN AND X.AND BELLS, CLONUS.
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMP3.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Coca's,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop.
per Bivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, eto. Coupling Joints of all sizes,
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garxatt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
■^Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, OOP
PEB and BBASS. 6-tf
BOOKS.
The Latest and Host Standard Works on
ENGINEERING,
MECHANICS AND MACHINERY,
STEAM ENGINE,
METALLURGY.
CARPENTRY, MASONRY,
ARCHITECTURE,
ASSAYING
MINERALOGY,
MINING,
AGRICULTURE,
IRRIGATION and
HYDRAULICS,
FOR SALE BY
A. L. BANCROFT & CO.,
721 MARKET STREET, S. F.
Catalogues Supplied Free.
BAIRD'S
FOB PRACTICAL MEN.
Our new and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS— 96 pages, 8vo.— sent free to any
one who will furnish his address.
HENRY CAREY BATRD & CO.,
Industrial Publishers and Booksellers,
16p 406 Walnut street, Philadelphia.
BUSSELL'S
*OR,EO]V FII/E OTTIM3.
To those suffering from Piles— External, Internal
and Itching Piles: You can be cured, as huDdreds of
others have been. Send for Circular and see undoubted
testimony. Will send sample bottle for $2, or three
bottles for $5.
Call upon your Druggist, or address
DR. RUSSELL,
No. 6 Post street, San Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO
Pioneer Screen Works,
Removed to 32 Fremont Street, near Market.
J. W. QTJICK1,
• Manufacturer of perforated
sheet metalB of every descrip-
tion, at reduced rates. Mill
owners using Battery Screens
extensively, can contract for
large supplies at favorable rates.
This is the only establishment
on the Coast deyott-d exclusively
to the manufacture of tioreena.
mm
Thursday Noon our last formB go to presH. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Noa. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
^■— '"-
MANTJFACTTJREH OF
SPAULDING'B
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most du able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wor*d.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect;
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
HASKtN'S
X'he highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE *
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION.
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND -POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street. Rooms 16 and 17.
24v26-tf
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. P.
mfi-m2
<££ tn. <£OA Per Day at home.
<PU co «P£ \J dress G. Sttnbon & Co.
TermB free. Ad-
Portland, M.
Pueohasebs please Bay advertised in Scientific Press.
May 22, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
General News Items.
James Lice has made public his revised deed
of gift. It gives his son $150,000, $500,000 to
himself, instead of $25,000 annually, as here-
tofore; $540,000 for a school of mechanical
arts, $700,000 for the observatory, and reduces
the appropriation (or statuary at the Capitol to
$150,000, and changes its location to the city
ball h>-re. The Key monument is to be done
for $60,000 instead of $150,000. The other
ppropriations remain unchanged.
Skcbetaby Bristol bas commenced a search-
ing investigation of the doings of a gigantic
whisky "ring." A large number of distilleries
have been seized in Southern and Western
States and internal revenue officers arrested for
complicity in defrauding the government.
It is estimated that the total loss from the
glanders at Be nicia barracks— the horses killed
and the harness and sUbleB burned — was be-
tween $30,000 and $40,000. It is thought,
however, that the disease and every germ ol it
has been exterminated.
A fibk at Napa on Friday morning, the 14th
inst., destroyed six wooden buildings, owned
by Judge Hartson and occupied by nix different
persons and firms. The total loss will be about
$20,000; insured for nearly half that snm.
The Southern Californian has been enlarged,
and under the able direction of Mr. Julius
Chester is doing good service in making known
the agricultural wealth of Kern county.
They have a social ulcer fastened upon the
municipality of Napa known as SpaniBhtown,
which the Reporter demands shall be removed.
They have a printing press connected with
the Gilroy Academy, and the pupils have the
privilege of learning to set type.
* It is hoped that most of the mines in Penu
sylvania, where work was interrupted by the
strike, will resume operations within a week.
They have a street car driver in this city who
has been on duty fourteen hours per day for
460 consecutive days.
Gen. John C. Bbeckenbidoe died at hit)
I residence, Lexington, Kentucky, last Monday
j evening.
W. C. Balston has disposed of his one-half
interest in the Palace Hotel to Senator Sharon,
I for $1,750,000.
Associate Justice Clifford, of the United
States Supreme Court, is on a visit to this
State.
The Madrid government has resolved to
1 maintain the liberty of worship in Spain.
Hon. Thomas* Biddle, United States Minister
I to Ecuador, is dead.
The buffalo gnat is said to have appeared in
I Western New York.
Missoubi is threatened with a grasshopper
j pestilence.
Peince Napoleon favors a Kepublic in
I France.
Senator Nye is hopelessly insane.
Industrial Items.
Since the opening of the Lincoln coal mine
in Placer county, a stratum of excellent potter's
clay has been discovered between the layers of
coal. A company to utilize the deposit has
been formed in Chicago.
A gentleman lately returned from the San
Gorgonio paBs, reports to the Los Angeles Ex-
press that tne Southern Pacific officials have
the road graded beyond the Summit to the very
edge of the desert.
A gentleman in Albany, N. Y., intends fur-
nishing his residence with redwood, and Col.
Armstrong, of Santa Bosa, writes that he can
deliver it in New York for $60 per M.
The first assessment of $5 per share on the
stock of the Petalnma and San Rafael railroad
has been paid up. Bids for cutting the tunnel
near San Bafael will be received up to the 21st.
Pbogbebs is the order of the day in Lane
county, Oregon, and the Commissioners are
ordering bridges rebuilt and roads improved
without once stopping to count the cost.
The people of Woodland, Yolo county, have
organized a company to build a railroad from
that place to Clear lake, and thence to Hum-
boldt bay.
The Grangers of Eugene, Oregon, and vi-
cinity, have incorporated a company, having
for its object- the erection of a mill at that
place.
It is reported that Stanford, Crocker & Co.,
contemplate purchasing the newly-discovered
coal mine near Cholaine valley, San Benito
county.
The graders are at work on the fourth mile
of the Los Angeles and Independence railway,
between Santa Monica and Los Angeles.
The carpenter work on the Petaluma woolen
mill is completed, and the work of setting up
the machinery is progressing.
The distillery connected with the Sacramento
sugary was burned last week. Loss $6,000.
The Point Arenas paper mill is turning out
125 reams of straw wrapping paper daily.
They have a telegraph line from San Eafael
to San Quentin.
The rapid falling of the Sacramento river is
an indication of the shortness of the water sup-
ply in the mining regions north. Many gravel
claims generally will have to be shut down for
want of water this season earlier than usual.
METALS.
IWBOLiaALE.t
Wednesday m., May 19, 1876.
AmeHcu Pig Iron, Y ton @ 46 00
Scoieti Pig Iron, ft lou 46 00 U) 43 00
White Pig, Y ton 5 4t> W)
Orvgon Pig. 1* too @ 46 00
Ketined Bar, bad assortment, > 8> W — 3S
Rouoed Bar, good assortment. > lb (a) — 4
Boiler. No. I to 4 — — i£— s»*
Plate, No. 5to9 ffi— 5<*
Shoal. No. 10 to 14. (S — s'l
Sheet, No. 16 to 20 _- s^S — 5',
Sheet. No. Yt to 24 — 6 iS — ti1-.
Sheet, No. 26 to '« _ 6H<3l - '«
Home Shoe*, per ktg 7 SO . lu, a Wj
Noil Rod —10 S
Norway Iroo 9 {A
Rolled Iroo \ — ,; Q
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Miners, #to. » — 4'..
OOPPEB.—
Braziers' _ 35 @
Copper Tlo'd — 37'-»<fl — 4
O'Nlel'aPat _ T.^I- 40
Sheathing, » B> „ 40 $ _ u
Sheathing, Yellow a — 25
Sheathing, Old Yellow & _ |9U
Composition Nails — 24 @ '
Uora position Bolts — 24 ial
TlK Plates.— w
JOxll 1 O Charcoal 12 00 @ 12 .'0
10x14 I X Obarooal 14 00 5) 14 50
Rooting Plato I O Charcoal It 00 @ 11 50
Banoa Tia —30 &, — 3i
Australian — 28 ul — 30
Wteki*.— knghsh Oast, ?4 lb — 20 la, — -iS
Anderson A Woods/ American Cast ■ (5 — 16'*
Drill ; r& — 16S
Flat Bar ,.,' _ ig @ _ *j
Plow Steel .. .. — 9 Si — 10
&SO....By thoCu-sk M — 11
Zino, Sheet 7x3 ft. No 7 to 10 »».... ' a — 11
do do 7x3ft, No 11 to 14 S — 11*
do do 8x4 It, N08 to 10 (S _ njf
do do 8x1ft, Noll to 10 @ _ 12
Naim Aborted sizes 4 25 ua 8 7u
QOICKSrLVEB, perft> 65 — @ — 00
LEATHER.
[ WHOL.ESAXK. 1
Wednesday m„ May 19, 1876.
Oity Tanned Leather, f, lb 26^29
Santa Oniz Leather, fc lb 26@2a
Oonntry Leather, mjb 24@2
Stockton Leather, f» lb 2&M29
Jodot.6 Kil.. perdoz $56 W& 54 00
Jodot, 11 to 13 KiL, per doz 68 00® 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil.. perdoz 82 00@94 HO
Jodot. second choice, 11 to 16 Kil. V dot 67 OOftn 74 00
Uornellian,12 to iti Ko 57 00@ 67 DO
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 OOfto B7 0"
Cornollian Females. 14 to- 16 Kit 71 o0@ 76 50
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00@ t3 tfi
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 W'm 72 00
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00® 75 00
Simon, 18 Kit.,* doz ! 61 00® 83 "0
Simon, 20 KIL * doz 65 00(a) 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. $ doz 72 00@ 74 00
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 OOn 40 00
French Kips, $ lb 1 00» 1 15
California Kip, m doz 40 00@] e to
French Sheep .all colors, ty doz 8 00(g» 15 00
Eastern Calf for Backs, If* lb 1 00@ 1 25
Sheep Roans for Topping, all oolors. * doz.... 9 000 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, » doz 5 50(1 10 SO
California Rnssett Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot LegB, # pair 5 00« 5 25
Good Frenob-Oalf Boot Legs, $* pair 4 00(g) 4 75
French Calf Boot Legs, $ pair 4 00® —
Harness Leather, fy ft 30® 37
Fair Bridle Leather. » doz I 48 00® 72 —
Skirting Leather, ty m 33® 374
Welt Leather,?* doz 30 00ia 50 00
Ban* Leather, * foot 17® %
Wax Side Leather. » foot .T 17© Ti
Etc.
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange,
[Corrected Weekly by Ohaelks Suteo A Co.]
San Fkancisco. May 19, 3 P. M.
Legai, Tendeeb in S. F„ 11 a, m., 86?i to 8~14.
Gold in N. Y., 1.16M.
Gold Babs, 890. Silver Babs, 4 and 4J4 per cent, dis-
count.
Exchange on N. T., & per cent premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, 1 and 2 per cent, discount.
Currency, 14 per cent. On London— Bankers, 49; Com-
mercial, 49)4. Pans, 6 francs per dollar.
London — Consols, 94^ to 94'4; Bonds, 102K; Liverpool
Whent Ss.Ild.; 9a. 2d.; Olub 9s. 2d. ; 9s. 6
uuicKuiLvRitiii S. F., by the flask, per lb, 65c@70o.
Dewey & Co., San Francisco: — Please find
enclosed post-office order, for which please send Min-
rNG and Scientific Presb. I have heen a close reader
of the Pbhsb for three years, and regard it as the fore-
moat mining periodical in the Union. I am glad to
notice the circulation of the Press is increasing here
and is highly prized by our beet mining men. H. P.
Central City, Colorado.
1!
Tenth Industrial Exhibition of the
Mechanics' Institute,
S. ^875.
PRELIMINARY~ANN00NCEMENT.
The Board of Managers of the Tenth Industrial Ex-
hibition have the pleasure of announcing +hat an
Industrial Exhibition will beheld, under the autt^ices
of the Mechanics' Institute, in the city of San Francisco,
to he opened on Tuesday, the 17th of August, 1876, at
11 a. M., and to continue open at least one month
thereafter.
In making this public announcement, the Managers
desire that those who Intend to exhibit should Bend in
tkeir applications for space as early tis possible, so as
to avoid the necessity of excluding, as has been the
case heretofore, the many deBlrable exhibitors who are
unusually tardy in making applications.
The forthcoming Industrial Exhibition will be the
tenth held under the auspices of the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, and the Managers are justified in Baying that It
will undoubtedly surpass in completeness of detail
and general arrangement any heretofore held.
The last Exhibition was attended hy 700,000 visitors,
attracted hither by the fame of these Industrial Fairs,
and for the purpose of investigation, business and
pleasure.
All the available exhibiting space was applied for
several weeks before the day of opening, and the Man-
agers were compelled to deny admission to many de-
sirable exhibits.
The Board of Managers desire particularly that the
arts, the industries and natural products of the coun-
try should be well represented at the forthcoming ex-
hibition, and no pains will be spared to make these
classes of exhibltB a special feature there.
The Exhibition will be held in the building con-
structed for that purpOBe in 1874, but it will be ma-
terially enlarged and improved in many details for the
Exhibition of 1875.
The space under roof will exceed 180,000 Bquare feet,
or about four and a half acres, exclusive of the Horti-
cultural Garden, which will occupy 24,500 square feet
additional.
The location of the Exhibition Building, on Eighth
street, between Market and Mission streets, cannot be
surpassed for convenience and accessibility, and can be
approached from every part of the city by means of the
various lineB of street railroads, any of which bring
vifiitorB within two blocks of the entrance gate.
The utmost care has been exercised in providing for
ample ventilation and light, and during the evening the
building la brilliantly illuminated by over 6.0C0 gas
lights.
The promenade avenues are broad, and 3,000 seats
aro provided for the comfort of visitors, for whose con-
venience there Is also an excellent restaurant, under
the management of a first-class restaurateur.
Every aiternoon and evening the best orchestra the
city can Bupply will discourse excellent music under
the direction of an accomplished leader.
The building Is always well attended by visitors, and
during the laBt Exhibition over 39,0011 were daily ad
mitted for a number of days, and under no Bimilar clr
cuiuKtances can tbe manufacturer, the mechanic, the
Inventor, producer or business man so advantageously
place himself before the people of the Paclflo Coast.
PersonB desiring to obtain Information, or to make
application for space, Hhould- address "Managers of
Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Francisco, Oallfor*
nut," or make personal application as below.
It Is expected that the various transportation com-
panies will convey pooda Intended In good faith for
exhibition, at half tlie usual rates.
Exhibitors from abroad, if they havo no agent or
consignee in San Francisco, can consign goods and
mark the same to the "Manager of the Tenth Indus-
trial Exhibition, 17 Post street, San Francisco," and
they will be Btored, if they arrive before the day of
opening, free of expense; but no chargeB or expenses
for freight or forwarding, etc., will be paid by the
Managers.
In order to secure Bpace, application should be made
on or before July 20th, 1876.
Bliinks will be furniBbed on application.
Premiums will be awarded as follows, viz: 16 gold
medals, 60 Bilver medals, Society Diplomas, Certificates
of Merit and Special Premiums, sb the Board may deter-
mine.
Blanks for space can be obtained at the Mechanics'
Institute on application by letter or otherwise; and any
information will be given, by applying to any member
ui the Board of Managers, an below:
A. 8. HALLroiE.., 113 Pine street.
James C. Patbice 122 Battery street.
Hehbv. L. Davis 421 California street.
D. E. Hayes 213 Fremont street.
Asa II. Wbllb Mechanics' Mill.
P. B. Cornwall Cor. Spear & Harrison streets,
Chab. Elliot 616 California street.
George SPAUXDCta 414 Clay Btreet.
Richard Savage 139 Fremont street.
W. P. Stout 604 Merchant Btreet.
J. H. Macdonaxd 217 Spear street.
J. P. Cvrtih 320 Jackson street
R. B. Woodwabd Woodward's Gardens.
James Spiers 311 Howard street.
To the Librarian of the Mechanics' Institute, or to
J. H. CULVER, Secretary, 27 Post stroet, San Fran-
cisco.
Rules and Regulations of the Tenth
Industrial Exhibition, Mechanics'
- Institute, S. F., 1875.
1. The Pavilion will be open for the reception of
goodB on Monday, August 2d. The exhibition will be
open to the public on Tuesday, August 17th, at 11
o'clock A. M.
2. Applications for space muBt be made on or before
July 20th, stating character of exhibit, amount and
kind of space required— wall, table or floor. And, if
caseB, state length, width and bight of case. Blanks
will be furnished for this purpose, and a clerk will be
in attendance at the Library of the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, every day from 12 to 1, and 7 to 10 p. M.
3. All persons presenting articles for exhibition
must have them registered by the Receiving Clerk, who
will give a receipt for the same, which receipt must be
presented when the articles are withdrawn, at tbe close
of the Exhibition.
4. Judges will be appointed by the Board of Mana-
gers, immediately upon the opening of tbe Exhibition,
to examine all articles presented, in accordance with
Article III, and the Managers will award premiums on
such articles as the judges shall declare are worthy,
which will be delivered as Boon as they can be pre-
pared. Due notice will be given of the announcement
of premiums.
5. The mornings of each day, until 10 o'clock, will
be appropriated to tbe Judges, and no visitors will be
admitted during the time thus appropriated, except at
the special request of the Judges, or by permission of
the Managers.
6. Articles intended for sale may be labeled accord-
ingly, but cannot he removed until the close of the
Exhibition, except by written permission of the Mana-
gers.
7. Steam power will be provided, bo that machinery
of all kinds may be seen in actual operation, and every
facility pot-aible will be given to exhibit working ma-
chinery to the best advantage.
8. The name of every artiole must be attached by the
exhibitor to it.
9. Articles Intended for exhibition mast be entered
and placed on exhibition on or before Saturday,
August 21 Bt.
10. Perishable articles will be received, or may be
removed at any time during the exhibition, with the
consent of the Managers.
11. The most effectual means' will be taken, through
the agency of the Police and otherwise, to guard and
protect the property on exhibition; and it will be the
purpose of the managers that all articles shall be re-
turned to the owners without loss or injury. Still, all
articles deposited will be at the bibk of the ownebs.
12. In caBe of any misunderstanding, application
may be made to the Managers, who.will at all times be
in attendance.
13. The Managers are desirous that articles should
be presented early. Those from abroad, intended for
exhibition, should be properly packed, and if not con-
signed to exhibitor's agent, must be marked, " Mana-
OEBB OF TBNiH INDOBTBIAL EXBD3ITION, SAM FRANOiSGO,
Oal." All articles thus received, arriving too early,
will be stored free of coBt to the exhibitor, and the
Managers will have them duly placed in proper position
for exhibition. No freight charges will be paid by the
Managers; but exhibitors are notified that arrange-
ments are being made with various transportation com-
eanieB to repay freight charges on evidence of goods
pxhlbited.
Information will he furniBbed by addressing Man-
agers or Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Fban-
oibo, Oal.
fflipipg aptl Other Copipapie?.
Benjamin Mill and Mining Company — Lo-
cation of principal place of busman, San Francisco, Cal-
ifornia Location of works, Devil'e Gate District, Lyon
County, Nevada.
Notice ib hereby given, that at a mooting of the Board of
Directors, held on the Uth day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment, No. 2, of ten cents per t-nare was levied upon the
capital stock of the corporation, payable on the 21st day of
April. 1875, in United States Rold coin, to the Secretary, at
theoffiae r>f the company, Room 7, 401 California street,
San Francisco, California.
Any Btock upon which this assessment ahatl remain un-
paid on the 22a day of May, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at publio auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 14tn day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale. By order
of the Board of Directors.
LK ANDER LEAVITT, Secretary.
Office, Room 7, 401 California Btreet, Man Francisco, Oal
341
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company. Location of principal place of business,
San Francisco, Cal.
Noncr.— There are delinquent upon the following
described Btock, on account of assesBment levied on
the lut day of April, 1875, the several amounts sot
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Name«. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Burke, T 33 100 f 60 00
Burke, T 84 BO 26 00
Burke, T 36 60 26 00
Hendy, Joshua 84 70 36 00
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 73 24,550 12,375 00
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 78 2,116 1,068 00
Reardon, John 80 60 25 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 1st day of April, 1875,
so many shaaeB of each parcel of said stock as may be
neceBBary, will be sold at public auction, at the office
of the company, 408 California Btreet, room 1C, on the
18th day of May, 1875,' at the hour of 1 o'clock p. m.,
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,'
together with costB of advertising and expenses of Bale
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Offlw, Room 16, No. 408 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above Bale Is postponed
until TueBday, the 16th day of June, 1876, at 2 o'clock
p. m. By order of the Board of Dlrectora.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Carbon Coal Company— Principal place
of business, San Francisco, California. Location of
works, Contra Costa County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 1st day of May, 1875, an asseBsmeot
of $1.25 per share was levied upon the capital stock of the
corporation, payable immediately, in United States gold
una Bilver cola, to the Secretary, N, C. Fassett, No 220
Clay street, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at publio auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on the !4th day of June 1675
to pay the delinquent assessment, together with costs of
advertising and expenses of salo.
N. O. FASSETT, Secretary
Office. No. 220 Olay stroet, San Francisco, California, '
Cordillera Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pany. Location of principal place of business, "San
Francisco, Cal. Location of workB, Morelas Mininc
District, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Notice ie hereby given, that at a meeting of tbe Board of
Directors, held on the 8th instant, an asssessment of Ten
cents per share was levied upon the capital stock of the
corporation, payable immediately, in United StateB gold
coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the oomnany No
321 Washington street, San Francisco, Cal. »*—*»
Any stock upon which thiB assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 18th day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at publio auction, and unless payment
is marie before, will be sold on Saturday, the 3d day of
July, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertisingand expcnseBof sale. By order of the
Board of Directors.
M « „„, ™ ,_. HBNRV R. REED, Secretary.
Office, No. 321 Washington street, San Francisco, Cal
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
S any.— Principal place of business. Oily and County of
nn Francifcn, State nf California. Location of workfl,
Cherry Creek Mining District. White Pine County, State
of Nevada.
Notice Ib hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 13th day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty-five cents per share was levied upon the
capital stook of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the offioe
of the Company. Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San
FranciBOo.
Any stook npon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 14th day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and onleBB payment
is made before, will be «r>ld on Wednesday, the 30th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together witk
costs of advertising and oxpenses of sale.
I. T. M1LLIKEN, Secretary.
Offico, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San .Francisco
Cal.
Martin & Walling M. & M. Co.— Principal
place of business, San Francisco, California. Location
of works, Coulterville, Mariposa County, California.
Notice ib hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Director*, held on the 24th day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment of fifty (50) cents per share was levied upon the
capital stock, of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of
the Company, 40!) California street, room 16, San Francisco,
California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 25th day of May, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unles> payment
is made before, will be cold on Tuesday, the 15th day of
June, 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment, together
Office— 408 California streot. roo
. HICKOX, Secretary.
i 16. San FranciBcn, oal.
Nevada Land and Mining Company —
Location of principal place of business, San Francisco,
California. Location of works. Spruce Mountain Min-
ing District, Elko County, State ot Nevada.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
D'reotorB, held on the 14th day of May, 1H75, an assess-
ment (No. 17) of Two cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United StateB gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company. Rooms 6 and ti. No. 302 Montgomery street,
San FranciBco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Saturday, the 19th day of June, 1875, will be
delinquent, and advertised for sale at publio auction,
and unless payment Is made before, will be sold on
Saturday, the 8th day of July, una, to pay the delinquent
assessment, together with costs of advertising und ex-
penses ot sale. By order of the Board of Directors.
WM. H. WATSON, Secretary.
Office, Rooms 5 and 6, No. 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco, Oal.
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
principal place ot business, San FranciBco,' California.
Location ot -*orks. Grass Valley Township, Nevada
County, California..
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said corporation, held on the 27th day of
April, 1875, an assessment (No. u of one dollar per share
was levied upon the capital stock ui said company, paya-
ble immediately, in gold coin of thu United States of
America, to the Secretary, at the office ol the company,
room B, No. 316 California street, San Francisco, California.
Any stock upon which eaid assessment shall remain un-
pnid on Tuesday, the 1st day of June, 1875, will be
advertised un that day as delinquent, an<1 unless pavmenb
shall be made before, will he sold on Tuesday, the 22d
day of June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with costs of advertising and exnenses of sale.
GEO. P. THURSTON. Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Virginia Consolidated M. Co.— Principal
place of business, San Francisco, California. Location
of works, Kearsarue Mining District, Inyo county, State
of California.
Notice ishereby given, that atameeting of the Board of
DirectO'S, held on the 21st day of April, 1875, an assess-
ment of ten cents per ahare was levied upon the capital
stook of the corporation, payable immediately, in United
States gold coin, to the Socrotary, at the offioe of the com-
pany, in San FranciBco. California.
Any Brock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the iBfcday of June, 1875, will be delinquent and
advertised for Bale at publio auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, tbe 28th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with ooBts of advertising and expenses of sale.
T, B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office, No. 318 California street, (room No. 13) Ban
Francisco, California,
341
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 22, 1875
Iron and Machine hh
San Francisco Boiler Works,
(Will Remove about June 1st, to N. W. Oor.
Harrison and main.)
123 and 126 Beale Street SAN FRAN0I8C0
IT. I. CCRKY.
Late Foreman ol the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL. BOHER.
SHEET IRON 'WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBINO and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. ; m25-3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL SO, 1868.
CAPITAL.... *1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN FHANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine EngineB (High and Low Pres-
sure). All kinds ol light and heavy CasuogB at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris,
Jesse Holladay, C. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor,' J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM. H.TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vl7-qy ___^
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAHU FACTO CBBB 07
S rid AM ENGINES,
Quarts, Flour and. ©aw Mills,
O. kye«* Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'* Im-
proved Cruther, Mining Pnmp»,
Amibltfamntora, and all Uluds
of filuchluery,
IT. fc. corner of Tehama and Fremont streets, above How«
street, Saa Francisco. 3-o.y
UNION IRON WORKS,
i^acramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
M.*»orj.oToiUiKS OF
STEAM ENGINES, BOILEH^,
0ROB8' PATENT -BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar's Patent Self- Adjusting- Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
Aud all Itlndp of Mlnlne Muchln«rr.
Front Stre«t, between N and O street'.
Sackamento Oitt.
sheet iicor< pipe.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET HtoV AND ASPRALTttM
PIPE, of any size and lor any pressure, ana contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with Bpecial
patterns for Mining Carf ■ Theae small wheels are made
of the best Oar "Wb««l Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and hoi — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
Wheels made in this State.
a?~ All kinds of Machinery made and repaired. -
34v22~Sm JOSEPH MOOItE. Superintendent.
Q. W. PREBCOTT.
I
W. R. EOkabt.
Marysville Foundry, .
alARYSVILLE, -- - - - - OAL.
PRESGOTT, & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery.
Hoisune Machinery, Saw and GriBt Mill Irons, House
■ Fronts Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Ejieines constantly on band for 9ale. 9r28-ly
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Rock Drill OomDany.
— MANTJFACTUBEBS OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIE COMPRESSOES AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for {Blasting, Putnam Ha-
L chine Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PABKE «Sfc LACT,
2iT28-3m-hd 310 California St., S. F.
QUIOKSIIiYSE/.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
Dor Description see Mining and Soientifi Presb, November 7th, 1874.
Patented November 26th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1874. See Mining and Soientific Press, September 19th, 1874.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER, CONDENSERS,
MADE OF IKON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mining and Sotenttfio Peess, November 15th, 1873.
Tor plans and rights to use, addrefls
21v29-16p-3m F- FIEDLER, New Almaden, Cal
Iba P. Rankin. ' Established 1850. A.P.Beattos
Pacific Iron Works,
FntBT Stbeet, ... San Feanoisoo.
Seo. VT. Fogg, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DES0EIPTIOK.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY^
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PKATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDAEB & CO., Props.
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MAgOTACTtmEES OP
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B.— Johbing ap£ Repairing done" -with Dispat^-
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 First Street,
San Feanoisco
T. A. MCOOEMIOK. OSOAB LEWIS. J. McCOEMICK
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Particu-
ar attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and-235 BEALE STREET,
Bet. Howard and Folsom Streets, SAN FRANCISCO-
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Steep*, San Feanoisoo,
BICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
FrontB, Mining and General Machinery eetimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Orates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. ' 4v3Q-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASSF0UNDRY,
• M», X!SS Kti-»r street, upfrovlte Minna,
SAN D'BANCISCO.
i M. KtHDoor BrtiHS, Composition. ZUic, and Babbitt Meta
Dustings, Brass Ship Work of all kinda, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Kudder Braces, Hinges, Ship ami steamboat Bellsaud
flongaof superior tone. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
d rati lie Pipes and ■Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes und patterns, l'nrnt3hed with dispatch
83- PRICES MODERATE, -©t
J. H. w«:Rn. V. KTNQWELL.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOIL E. K. MAKERS
AND GENERAL. MACHINISTS,
Howard Bt„ between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
STE1GEK & KERR,
. IUON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at Bhort notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pari
and Callahan Orate Bars, suitablo for Burning
Screenings.
Notioe. — Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
PACIFIO
tolling Mil Company,
BAji FRANCISCO, CAL.
Eatpalisbed for the Manufacture of.
RAItrtOAD AND OTHER IROK
— AKD —
E-very Variety of Shafting:,
Embracing ALL SIZES of
neumbont Shafts. Cranks, Piston and Con.
,j nectlne Kodi, Oar and Xioeoniotlve Axlei
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON .
Of every description and size.
U»- Orders, addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Francisoo, OaL, will re-
ceive prompt attention.
D&" The highest price paid for Sorap Iron.
California Machine TVorlcs,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARQALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, J3AW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating' 8 Sauk Printing Presses,
The Economy. Htdbaulio Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
1I8HT ABM HEAVY CASTHHJ8,
of every description, manufactured. 2*vl6or
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, oward and Fol&om, San Francisco.
machinery and Oastin?a of all hinds. .
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufaotube
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF AIL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &o.
Having much experience in the business of the Se-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under*
standingly, parties about to erect Beduction Works as to
the better plana, with regard to economy and utility.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
MANUFACTtrEEIlS OS* ALL KINDS! OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Beits.
13, 15 and 17 Druuim Street, San Francisco. 4v241v
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining PumpB, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
-P-A-RKE &. LACY,
310 California street, San Francisco
bd
a
Q
W
r-3
>
ltd
!► bd g;
hd
a
:-i
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANDFAOTDBEES OF
Hydraulic Pipe,,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Having the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OB
■WATER WORKS,
To Contract with, ue for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Hade and all "Work Guaranteed
ISO Beale Street*
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
O. *, II. BABNETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Noa. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on til
Pacific Coast. 18r25.ly
Subscribers who by mistake get two copies of this
aper, should notify us without delay.
May 22, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
342
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
P. 0. Box 168. San Francisco, Cal.
SOLE AGENT FOB THE PACIFIC
COAST FOR
J. A. Fay & 6o's Wood-
working Machinery.
Blake's ^Patent Steam
Pumps.
Tanite Co's Emery^Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co's
Machinists' Tools,
bturtcvuLt Jixlitiuat fan lor jxeinov-
ing Shavings and Sawdust
from Machines.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perm's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
_ Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
Over 7.500 in Successful Use in the Unite
States.
TIKIE KNOX &c OSBOR1T
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
THIS FURNACE REDUCES CINNABAR, (BOOK OR FINE EA-RTH,) AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
nd at LESS COST per ton than any other furnace. It will work continuouBly Twelve to Twenty-four
months without stopping.
O TO AIM MAS EVER, BEEN SAL XT" AT E X>
r otherwise affected by the mercury about the furnace, either in operating it or making repairs. For ful
particulars, plans, e'c, apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
We refer auy party desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining CompanieH
■elite furnace may be seen in successful operation:
The Manhattan Mine in Napa County.
The Redingtori Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California 'Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Phoenix Quicksilver MiniDg Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The An.nie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Cloyerdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The California Borax Company (Sulphur Banks), Lake County.
The Abbott Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Cerro Bonito Mine, Fresno County.
KNOX & OSBOKJST.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Poiwd.
San Fhanoisco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Supts. of QuarU Mills and Mining Men generally;
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works—
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— aud are
thuB enabled to reduce the cost of hteel ' and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any. yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and Bolicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will find them at least 10 per
cent-cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are nut capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like oast iron. Our 1
Steel Shoes and Dres arc* in use in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific CoaBt, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to Iron in
every reBpect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Theiradvantagesover iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increanei value of amalgam .-
by absence of iron dust and drippings, and a saving of m
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 60 da"ys to fill orders^
from the manufactory East. Price 16 centH per
pound shipped at San E ranciBco. Terms liberal.
Address all orders, with ^dimensions, to
19-3m CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building,
Wc have the host and moet
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
UBca in
MACHINE. LOCOMOTIVE,
AND
R. R. Repair Siiors.
Eg" For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc.,
NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
98 Chambers street, New Vork.
iH°e^R^^MENQlDOlLERS(CAlVlp MILLS
^ Br) 55^V^'P^ ^ $T^ p AN S A^
~ —
"\-r\l-V SYSTEMATIC
^NfcENTRATlON
I OflES
-.R0ASTINQCYLIN0£;RS, !
!B^VNtRAl ^Cr^
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Ave I>ni-a1>le, Compact and
Cheap.
For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGKDEIN";
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
MACHINISTS, MILL & WINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PTJMP3, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFG. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
344
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
lay 22, 1875
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds.
fp^si
The California Planer and Matcher
Is gotten up from new patterns specially for this Coast. It has Cast
Steel Slotted Cylinder Head, running in patent self-oiling boxes;
Matcher SpindleB also of the best caat steel. The Gears are all protected
with iron covers. Will plane 24 inch wide and 6 inch thick, and tongue
arid groove 14 inch wide. Will mate rustic and btick gutters, or heavy
mouldings, etc., and 1b the best Job Machine ever built.
B^~ We have always on hand a larRe assortment ol Planing Mill Ma-
chinery, all of the latest improvements, including Planers, Moulding
Mortising and Tenoning Machines, Band and Jig Saws, Etc.
Send for Catalogues and prices.
TSEABWELL & CO.,
San Francisco-
Tmpro'vecl IRuzz PMajrier,
For jointing (straight or hollow), for beveling, for planing out of
twist or trueing up, for cornering, squaring, planing octagon and taper
pieces, mitering and smoothirg, this machine has no equal. We have
8, 12 and 16-inch machines.
TBEADWELL & CO., San Francisco.
ZW3?*X.s/e
JL_J1_UL_JL_JL
Patent Farrar Surfacer, or Endless-Bed Planer.
Smith's Celebrated Moulders.
We have four sizes of these machines always on
.hand— "B," "0," "D" and "E,"— to v/orfc either three'--
or four sides. Have Blotted headB and all other im-
provements, and may be seen in any mill on the Coast,
8^" Prices reduced to 15 per cent, less than Eastern
list.
CO
o
u
in \-
g 111
.SO
o
ctf
&
Smith's Celebrated Moulders.
TREADWELL & CO.,
m
O 5 g
E 3 %
Flaner Knives of all sizes on hand-
Smith's Celebrated Tenoners.
These celebrated Tenoners may be seen in use In al
the sash and door factories and first-class planlnf
mills of California. No other machine will be glvei
room in any firBt-clasB mill. We have two sizei
always on hand. Prices reduced. Send for Illustrates
Catalogue.
MACHINERY DEPOT:
Market, Head of Front Street,
Smith's Celebrated Tenoner.
San Francisco.
Patent Foot
Patent Saw Arbors- All sizes in stock.
Jig; Saws.
Very Useful for
Small Shops.
Circular Be-Sawing Machine!
Patent Foot Lathes, with Jig: or Circu-
lar Saw Attachments-
Patent Wood-Turning- Lathes. We have all Bizes, at Bedaced Prices.
;
i to
i
t
Sand-Paperint Machine.
Boardman's
Blind Staples-
Cutter Heads for Moulders and Tenoners.
TREADWELL & CO.,
In Kegs or Boxes.
Perm's Band Saw
Blades ■
Look for this Trademark.
Dreyfus' Patent
Self-Oilers and Cyl -
inder Cups.
Boult's Patent Carver and
Dovetailer.
MACHINERY DEPOT:
Market, Head of Front Street,
San Francisco.
An Illustrated Journal of
BV J>t:WJb:Y A. CO.,
Patent *-ic>J lei tor**.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, MAY 29, 1875.
VOLUME XAS
Nxuaataer 23.
"Sheep Back" Rocks.
In a recent issue we g*ve a description of
the "Mountain of the Holy Cross," in Colo-
rado, and spoke of th»trip of Hayden's party
down the Eagle river, in trying to discover a
meanB of access to the mountain. A little
stream joins the Eagle river from the west
side, which rises among the group of mountain
peaks of which the "Holy Cross" is the most
conspicuous. The valley of this stream varies
from one-eighth to one-fourth of a mile iu width,
and is about eight or ten miles in length, and
bo covered with rounded glaciated forms of
granite that it was impossible for the party to
proceed with pAck trains.
The most remarkable feature of this wonder-
ful region is the proof of a groat ancieut gla-
cier which must have filled up the valley from
mouth to source. The bottom extending high
up on either side, is covered with the rounded
granite masses, varying in size from a few feet
to several hundred feet length; so that looking
down upon them from a high point, they re-
semble a huge flock of sheep, as our illustra-
tion shows, and from this fact they have re-
ceived from the Alpine geologists of Europe.
the appellation of "BoehesMontonnes." It is
most probable the valley itself has been worn
out of the granite mass. The mountains on
either side rise to the hight of 2,000 to 3.000
feet above the valley, and the glacial markings
are visible 1,200 to 1,500 feet. The morainal
deposits on the northwest side reach a hight of
1,200 feet above the stream and form a sort of
irregular terrace, which, when cat through by
the little eide streams, show that it is made up
of gravel and boulders much worn. In some
instances there are well worn cavities in the
1 aides of the mountains, showing how the run-
I Ding water in connection with a mass of rock,
| formed the cavity, much as a "pot-hole" is
■ made in our streams at the present time.
] Many of the "sheep-backs" are still covered
| with a crust-like enamel, but usually this has
I peeled off. There is no doubt that all these
grounded granite masses were originally covered
with what may be called a glacial crust,
'which has scaled off, so that only remnants
remain at the present time. The rounded
Hmosses of granite are mostly oblong in form,
or lie in parallel lines, as if the little stream
had originally occupied a dozen or more chan-
Ipels parallel to each other.
B Self Lighting and Extinguishing Lamps. —
Prof. Wm. H. Zimmerman, of Washington
College, Chestertown, Maryland, has invented
tk lamp which, in general construction, resem-
[pies an ordinary student's lamp. The improve-
ttment consists in an apparatus on purely scien-
Itific principles, attached to the lamp, render*
ng it self-lighting and extinguishing. The ap-
paratus is simple, and not liable to get out of
■order, and so cheap, as to the chemicals em-
ployed, as not to cost in a year more than would
he matches consumed in the usual way for
hat period. A slight pressure of the finger on
« key infallibly lights the lamp without touch-
ing globe or chimney. On the other hand,
> queezing a gutta purcha ball with hose con-
leetion as instantly extinguishes it. Like
tj he ordinary student's lamp, it revolves and
au be elevated at pleasure. Kerosene is the
llluid uBed, but any other can be substituted..
• This is a practical invention, and if some man-
ufacturer gets hold of the patent, who will in-
Jroduce it properly to the public, lamps of
. pis character will no doubt become quite com-
"GOLD FROM THE GRASS ROOTS DOWN." — A
tontana paper says: "Gold from the grass
i pots down," is an expression not understood
j i the States, and yet some of the richest pla-
I tar diggings worked in Montana were of this
:lB8cription, "We have got $2.50 to the pan by
lulling up the grass roots on Carpenter's bar,
lackfoot, and washing them, and we have
>en $5 washed from a pan of grass roots pulled
!f the rim of Harris' hill, below Bannook.
he gold was coarse, and in both cases the
aass roots reached the bedrock. Thousands
! miners have worked' diggings of the kind
aown as gold from the grass roots down.
Improved Quicksilver Furnace. ,
John M. Cutler, of HealdBburg, Sonoma
county, California, has reoently patented
through the Mining and Scientific Pbess
Patent Agency, an improved quicksilver fur-
nace, a representation of which is shown in
the accompanying engraving. The improve-
ment consists in combining with an upright or
stack furnace an interior upright chamber or
ing between the fireplaces so that the ore will
pass readily through the chamber and out
through the discharge opening. The upper
end of the chamber passes np through the roof
of the furnace and has constructed over it a
feeding device consisting of a hopper audncrew
conveyor by means of which the pulverized ore
is constantly fed into the chamber. In the
rear portion of the chamber is constructed a
fume chamber with which an opening iu the
rear wall of the chamber communicates. An
VIEW ON KOCHES MOTJTONNES CBEEK, COLOBADO.
retort into which the pulverized ore is fed con-
tinuously at the upper end and withdrawn
through a discharge opening at the lower end,
while the heat and products of combustion
pass from the fireplace iu to the body of the
main furnace so as
to surround the
chamber and convert
it into a muffled fur- . __
nace, thus convert-
ing or withdrawing
the gaseous or vol-
atile portions with-
out drawing with
them the soot and
products of cumbua-
tion which usually
accompany them,
and from which the
condensed product
is difficult to sep-
arate.
Inside of the or-
dinary upright fur-
nace is constructed
an upright chamber,
as shown in the en-
graving, which ex-
tends from the top
of the furnace down
to near the fire-
places. This cham-
ber extends directly
across the furnace
between the fire-
places in the man-
ner of a partition,
and is narrow
enough to provide a
space directly above
the fireplace between
the sides and the
walls of the furnace,
thus exposing a large wall surface of the narrow
chamber to the heat. Pipes and tubes pass, as
shown, through and across the chamber so as
to open into the cumbustion chambers on each
side of it, in the manner of placing tubes in a
tubular boiler.
On each side of the chamber is constructed a
small chamber which extends almost to the top
of the large chamber, and these chambers com-
municate with the main chamber by means of
holes, at different hights, for the purpose here-
inafter mentioned. The lower end of the upright
chamber is constructed with an inclined floor,
and this inclined floor leads to a discharge open-
opening in the rear wall of the furnace also
communicates with the fume chamber,
through which the fumes are conducted from
the chamber through pipes to the condensers.
It will thus be seen that the inventor encloses a
roasting chamber in-
side of the furnace,
so that the heat will
Burround, or par-
tially surround it.
The ore to be
roasted in this fur-
nace is first pulve-
rized so that it can
be fed by the screw
.from the hopper
into the upper end
of the chamber.
This chamber is kept
partially filled with
ore all the time, and
the spent ore is oc-
casionally drawn out
through the dis-
charge opening so as
to maintain a uni-
form quantity of
ore in the chamber.
The ore as it falls
through the feed
opening will be dis-
tributed by the cross
tubes or flues and
will surround them
closely as it accu-
mulates. The sur-
rounding heat, which
is in the outside
combustion cham-
bers and in the cross
flues, will then be
sufficient to roast
the pulverized ore in
the ore chamber and liberate the volatile
portion so that it will rise in the chamber or pass
into the side compartments, and pass into the
fume chamber through the opening or passage.
The lower holeB which connect the main cham-
ber with the small side chambers, serve to draw
off the fumes from the ore and deliver them
through the lowermost holes into that portion
of the ore chamber which is nearest the fume
opening, thus giving them a free passage through
the side chambers.
Holes are also made through the front wall
of the furnace so that the operation in the
chamber can be inspected. The inventor thus
provides a mnflled furnace or chamber in which
oreB are wasted without intermingling the pro-
ducts of combustion with the fumes which are
generated from the body of ore, and at the
same time provide for making the operation
continuous. Those desiring further informa-
tion concerning this furnace, can address the
inventor as above.
Cutler's Improved Quicksilver Furnace.
An Improved Rock Drill.
Mr. George Atkinson, of this city, has re-
cently patented, through the Agency connected
with this office, au improvement in drills, which
consists of a novel mode of operating and ro-
tating the drill and in the manner of construct-
ing the parts of the frame and mechanism so
that they can easily be taken apart, or portions
detached at will. The device, which the in-
ventor terms a "churn drill," consists of a sup-
porting frame for the mechanism which is made
strong and light and carries the drill, operating
cams, driving shaft and supplementary shaft.
The drill stands vertically and passes in front of
movable cross beams. A lever arm curves around
in front of the drill, one end being pivoted to a
timber, while the other is held by a spring
catch. At the top a cross lever steadies the
upper end of the drill and is held and released
in the same manner by a catch. The pivoted
end of this lever on one side, and the catch on the
other side of the frame, are mounted on blocks
which are also mounted upon the frame so that
they can be turned to one side, and by this
means the drill and its supports can be re-
moved so (hat access can be had to the drill
hole without moving the frame.
The driving mechanism of the drill is also
monnted on a sliding cross-beam, and a guide
which can be moved back for some distance, so-
as to give additional space. The shaft carries
two cams, one being of some size and serving
to lift the drill for each blow. The head of the
drill has an adjustable sleeve secured to it
loosely, and this sleeve is provided with an
arm beneath which the cam rises at each revo-
lution, thus lifting the drill, which is then al-
lowed to fall either by its own weight if suffi-
cient, or a spring or additional weight may be
added. One cam is considerably smaller than
the other, the office of the smaller one being to
turn the drill at each rise for a stroke. In
order to do this a plate is fitted to move up and
down the drill shaft, but so as to turn the drill
around with itself. This plate has a ratchet
cut upon its lower surface, and the smaller
cam engages with a tooth of this ratchet at each
revolution of the driving shaft, thus rotating
the drill to as to make a smooth even hole.
When the drill is to be worked on a level, the
frame will stand firmly, so that the drill may
work vertically ; but if it iB to work at an angle
the two front legs of the frame must be eleva,
ted, and this would render it inconvenient to
turn the crank by which the power is provided.
The supplementary shaft is therefore mounted
at a considerable angle with the driving shaft,
and properly supported so that the crank may
be changed from one shaft to the other as con-
venience may suggest. This drill is a very
simple one, and for light work where steam is
not to be used, will be very useful.
Kevised Mining Statutes. — We have now in
press and will shortly issue the Kevised Stat-
utes of the United States which relate to Min-
ing. We recently published a pamphlet con-
taining the Mining Laws of the United States,
with the instructions of the Commissioner of
the Land Office, blank forms, etc. At the time
we issued this, the Revised Statutes of the
United States had not come out. Since then
we have received a copy of these Statutes and
will add to the pamphlet referred to all the
matter relating' to mining which appears in the
revised Statutes. Those who have already
purchased the pamphlet will receive this Bup-
plement free on application to this office. The
Revised Statutes will also be published in the
Mining and Scientific Peess. With the addi-
tions now made the pamphlet printed by us
will contain in extenso all laws of the United
States relating to mining, and the cheapness of
the publication— fifty cents— places it within
the reach of all.
Extending the air shaft in the Belcher mine,
below the 1000-ft level* is going steadily for-
ward.
846
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 29, 187S
The Stock-Jobbing Juggernaut.
We take the following suggestive article from
the San Francisco Chronicle of May 20th:
In the city of San Francisco there is a great
banking institution, at whose head and in
whose directory are many of our first, best and
most prominent citizens. On our coast there
i3 a silver mine, the oldest in point of dis-
covery, one of the richest- in point of reputa-
tion, and fitly named after that mysterious land
visited by King Solomon and Hiram of Tyre
for precious metals for the adornment of .the
temple. In the list of trustees of this mine,
who number seven, the chief stockholder of
the bank has a cousin .by marriage; one it
owns by right of appropriation, making use of
him as St. Paul utilized his hired house at
Athens; another is a brother; another is a
private seoretary; another is the land agent
and confidential real estate operator of the
bank; and the remainder are presumably
friendly birds, as they are of the same plumage
and roost i 1 the same cage.
The President and Directors of the Ophir
mine are: President, J. D. Fry; Directors —
A. K. P. Harmon, James Freeborn, Joseph
Sharon, James H. Dobinson, Maurice Dore and
James A. Pritchard. This mine embraces 108,-
000 shares, a majority of which have from
time to time been owned by people interested
in the bank. One year ago shares of this mine
were selling at $8; its highest point of advance-
ment within the year has been $315 per share;
its value by yesterday's sales was $36 per
share. The variations in price have been won-
derful in r-mge, and have occurred with aston-
ishing suddenness; a single twenty-four hours
has made a change in value of five millions of
dollars. The bank, as we have been informed,
has loaned money upon the stock at prices
more than five times its present value. Mining
experts and engineers believed to be in the
pay, and supposed to be in tne confidence of
the bank ring, have given their earnest testi-
mony as to the richness of the mine, the
breadth, depth, and assay value of its ores.
The confidential and personal friends of Messrs.
Sharon, Bilston, and Mills have proclaimed
their confidence in.the mine as a permanent in-
vestment. Statements intended to give trust
in the mine have been industriously circulated
upon the street and whispered into confiding
ears, purporting to come directly from gentle-
men who own, manage and control it. The
brokers who are supposed to represent the
owners so conduct themselves in the Board of
Brokers as to promote the advancement or de-
pression of the stock. Just at the moment the
stock market is the most' disturbed, while
panio is on the ragged edge of want of confi-
dence, when margins are threatened and for-
tunes hang upon a rumor, when every anxious
holder looks for some ray of hope to the Di-
rectory, these agents, brothers, cousins and
friends of Messrs. Sharon, Kalston, and Mills
proclaim an assessment, and it is announced
that the prosperous' mine named Ophir, which
has been taking out one hundred and fifty
tonB of ore per day, and whose value, accord-
ing as it was desirable to elevate or depress the
stock, has varied from $40 to $700 per toD, re-
quires $216,000 to pay working expenses.
William Sharon is accredited with the con-
trol and direotion of the mine. Mr. Balston is
supposed to have bad large interests in it, and
his relations with Mr. Sharon are intimate in
business. D. O. Mills, late President of the
bank, is supposed to be represented by James
H. Dobinson, who is set down in Langley's
Directory as his private secretary. He is also
clerk to William Sharon and Seoretary of the
Union mill and mining company. Mr. Sharon
is one of the reported owners of the Virginia
Enterprise and the Gold Hill Nems, printed
where the mine is located. These journals, for
one year past, have written up this mine as
one of great value; its discoveries' have from
time to time been annonnoed as of startling
importance. The highly wrought descriptive
accounts of the extent of ores and richness of
assays made by these journals would justify
investment even at the highest price attained
by this stock during the year, and we are not
prepared to say that these articles have not, in
the main, been correct, as we are not endeav-
oring to underrate the value of the mines at
Virginia City. We raise no issue with these
journals as to the truth of their descriptions,
nor do we question the good faith of the
writers.
If this mine is honestly administered it has
been an unfortunate thing for the Pacific coast,
it has ruined men and women; it has demoral-
ized values and industries; it has destroyed
confidence in mining property; it has made
men distrustful of their lellow men. Unless
there is an altogether mistaken impression
abroad in the community, the wrong lies not in
the mine, but in the management. It is be-
lieved that these alternate excitements and de-
pressions, these suddenly advancing and re-
ceding prices, are the result of . carefully devised
and adroitly managed manipulation. It is be-
lieved that the gentlemen whose names we have
felt it our duty to mention, are through these
praoices acquiring from the community in
which they live, and at its expense, vast for-
tunes. It is believed that a systematized plan
of operations is carried on, in whioh large capi
tal, subtle intrigue and unscrupulous misrep.
re sentntion are resorted to for the purpose (we
intentionally use a mild word) of draining from
the many to enrich the few. Mining is neces-
sarily a hazardous business, but if to its ordi-
nary hazards there is added the crime of false
suggestion and false suppression of faots, these
transactions in stocks cease to be operations or
investments, and the buyers and sellers be-
come the victims of a criminal conspiracy, and
are robbed of their money. With a view to
illustrate how these mining operations are in-
terwoven with each other, and with a view to
give our readers food for reflection, we .append
the names of some of the mines in which may
be found as trustees the same individuals who
figure in the Ophir Directory. The usual num-
ber of trustees in a- mine is five; we do not say
that a bank ring can or do control all or any of
them. In the Alpha Consolidated tru-toes are
found the names of J. D. Fry and A. K. P.
Harmon. In Belcher, J. D. Fry, James H.
Dobinson, A. K. P. Harmon, and Robert F.
Morrow. In Ohollar-Potosi, A. K. P. Harmon,
J. H. Dobinson, J. D. Fry and James Freeborn.
In Crown Point, J. D. Fry, A. JK. P. Harmon
and J. H. Dobinson. In Challenge Consolidated,
A. K. P. Harmon, J. D. Fry, William Sharon.
J. H. Dobinson and James Freeborn. In
Caledonia, A. K. P. Harmon and E. M. Fry.
In Confidence, K. F. Morrow, 'A. K. P. Harmon
and J. H. Dobinson. In Gold Hill Quartz,
J. H. Dobinson. In Dayton, A. K. P. Harmon.
In Empire, A. K. P. Htrmon and J. D. Fry.
In Eclipse, James Sharon and J. H. Dobinson.
In Imperial, A. K. P. Harmon, J. D. Fry and J.
H. Dobinson. In Meadow Valley,' J. D. Fry and
B. F. Morrow. In Monitor, J. D. Fry. In New
^Tork Consolidated, J. D. Fry and A. K. P.
Harmon. In Overman, B. F. Morrow and J.H.
Dobinson. In Baymond and Ely,- A. K. P.
Harmon and E. F.- Morrow. In Segregated
Belcher, E. F. Morrow, A. K. P. Harmon and
J. H. Dobinson. In Savage, J. D. Fry and
E. F. Morrow. In Sierra Nevada, B. F. Mor-
row and A. K. P. Harmon. In Silver Hill,
A. K. P. Harmon and J. D. Fry. In South
Comstock, A. K P. Harmon. In-Trench, Jas.
H. Dobinson. In these mines there is inves'ed
millions by honest toiling men, men of business
and limited means. These trustees occupy a
sacred relation to the share-owners, and the
share-owners number a host of confiding, sim-
ple minded, honest people. In the manage-
ment of the mine there should be economy and
integrity; every dollar received and expended
should be accounted for as by a bank or insu-
rance corporation. Every share-holder has the
same right of information as Mr. Morrow, or
Harmon, or Fry. If the mine is not bo con-
ducted, it is dishonest; if information is with-
held, it is dishonest; if by innuendo or- false
suggestion, or by a suppression of laots, share-
holders are induced to sell or buy, they are
defrauded, and the men who. manage are rogues
and robbers. They obtain money under false
pretences; and although the false tokenrequired
by the Code is wanting, they' are, nevertheless,
guilty of crime.
And now that we have desoribed the temple
of the stock-jobbing Juggernaut, its idols audits
priests, given some hints of its interior work-
ings, we can only say to our intelligent readers,
do as you please. If you believe you can cope
with these inside managers of mines success-
fully, do so. If you think you stand upon
suoh equal terms in point of information as
gives you an even chance with them to win at
this hazardous busiu ess, go in ; these persons
will roll so long as you make the game. Deal-
ing in mines under honest and honorable
management is a hazardous business. Dealing
in stock under dishonest and dishonorable
management will result in inevitable loss.-
Etna Sulphite Mme.— James McAllister, of
Mill City, one of the discoverers of Etna sul-
phur mine, near Table Mountain, arrived in
town last night, and gave us the following
particulars of the find: The sulphur bed is
located on a hill about ten or twelve miles north
of the Humboldt salt marsh, on the east side
of Table Mountain range. It was discovered
by McAllister and Elliot, who located four
quarter sections of the mound in" which it is
situated, and which appears to be principally
sulphur. There is a depression in the summit
of the mound which looks like the crater of an
extinct volcano, and from which gases, emit-
ting a strong sulphurous odor, were escaping.
He thinks there is an immense deposit ot sul-
phur in the locality, but as he and Elliot were
not prepared to prospect it, they did not dig
more than a few feet into the bed in any one
place, but they satisfied themselves that the
greater part of the surface was covered with
sulphur to a depth of at least two feet, though
for aught they know to the contrary it may ex-
tend downward to an indefinite depth. He says
any number of teams can be loaded there by
shoveling the sulphur right into the wagons,
and that it can be hauled up Pleasant and
Grass valleys to the railroad for $12 per ton. —
Silver State.
A minehal belt has recently been discovered
in the foothills of the eastern slope of the
Humboldt -range of mountains that call be
easily traced from Unionville to Humboldt
City, a distance of twenty miles. Several loca-
tions have already been made on this belt, and
considerable work done in different places, and
good prospects obtained in every instance.
In the Utah mine, on the Comstock, putting
in the foundations and preparing for the erec-
tion of the heavy bed plates and sills for the
new and powerful machinery is making steady
headway. This machinery when completed
will be among the most improved and powerful
on the line of the Comstock.
The N. T. Consolidated company are tearing
down their old works, and will put up more
substantial ones.
The New California Mill.
The site seleoted for the new California mill
is on the brink of the large ravine whioh puts
down from the neighborhood of the cemetery,
and thence on into Six-mile canon at the Ne-
vada mill. As the ravine makes to the south
and east to join the oanon, the sits is a short
distance north and 'west of the Nevada and
some distance east of the new C & 0 shaft.
The grading for the mill, which has been very
heavy, is now about completed. It has been
going on at the rate of two thousand cart-loads
of dirt and rock per day, ten carts having been
used on each shift. As the work is approach-
ing completion the forces have been somewhat
reduced, and only eight carts are used on the
day shift and six on the night. Some very hard
blasting rock has been struok near the south-
west corner, which has made progress a little
slower than at first.
The system of loosening up the dirt which
has been adopted by T. H. Booney, Esq , un
der whose supervision the work is. done, is in-
genious and the result of long experience in the
business. The grade is from seventeen to nine-
teen feet in depth, and in order to lift and
loosen the earth holes seventeen feet in depth
are drilled with old-fashioned churn drills
eight or ten feet from the edge of the grade.
Into the bottom of these are placed a couple of
cartridges of giant powder, then the hole is
tamped about six inches above these cartridges
and they exploded. Any one not experienced
in this kind of work would expect some sort of
-a d monstration of effect from such a confine-
ment and explosion, but the perceptible result
is sm ill. Even the hole drilled in is not in-
jured by the discharge. The result attained is
the formation of a large underground chamber.
This is the peculiar compressing, gravitating
effect of the giant. Of course, hard rock would
be broken, but in a commixture of earth and
loose rock it simply makes room for itself, and
the result is the underground chamber before
mentioned. This chamber is now filled with
black powder— all that it will contain— and the
hole tamped full to the surface. When this is
exploded it lifts and pulverizes the whole mass
so that no more picks are necessary for the pri-
mary breaking and loosening of it. This is one
secret of the exceedingly quick work made of
this large and heavy grade.
In order to pass the water which flows from
the city round the mill site, a 3x3 flume, made
of three-inch lnmber, has been constructed,
running along on the north side of the ravine
and emptying below where the mill will be
placed. This is being oovered by the grade, so
that it will be almost entirely out of sight
when the work is completed. It will take
about six days more to complete the grading.
It is the intention then to go at once to work
constructing the mill. In fact, the first load of
lumber which is to be used in its erection was
dumped on the grounds yesterday. It was
three weeks on the 9th instant since the first
pick was struck into the ground. At this rate
the mill will be up and running so as to exceed
the $5,000,000 net proceeds of the California
before January 1, 1876. The first shipment of
freight for the mill was also received yester-
day at the depot of the Virginia and Truckee
railroad. It consisted of two boilers, 54x16,
and two double breechings; total weight, 20,000
pounds.. — Virginia Enterprise.
Agmoulttjbal and Mining Land. — An idea
prevails, and not without some reason for it,
that there is something wrong in the law that
surrenders lands for agricultural purposes
which are worth, in some instances, a hundred
times as much for mineral purposes. At the
rate lands are being taken up it will only re-
quire a few years to put a terrible check upon
mining, and as it stands to-day the discoverer
of a mine or one who is willing to work it,
either has to suspend work or ensage in a law-
suit that requires both time and money to ad-
just. We are informed that there are several
places near town where men could make their
three or five dollars a day, but the diggings are
locked up by government patents in the hands
of parties who are not even willing to cultivate
the soil. We believe our county would double
its population in a year if this drawback upon
our great industry did not exist. We believe
that men should own property and be fully pro-
tected in their possession of the same, but we
believe that no one should be prohibited from
digging gold in any locality where it exists to
an amount greater than the value of the land.
This, we believe, is the intention of the law,
but it is misapplied in many instances, and a
remedy easier than a heavy lawsuit ought to be
put in force. — Placer Argus.
Decisions in Mining Land Cases.— In the
matter of the gold and ore placer claim, at
Marysville, California, a decision has been ren-
dered by the Land Offlse regarding the claim
of daughters and others upon the ground that
the adverse claimant had not shown citizenship
or compliance with the law in holding his claim
in' January last. The Secretary of the Interior
affirms the decision of the Land Office that
lode claims in Montana, located prior to the
Territorial Act of 1873, could not exceed 100
feet. A subsequent hearing of the case was
had, but the Secretary has just overruled this
motion and re-affirmed his former decision.
The Richmond Refinery.
The refinery, or separating works, of the
Bichmond company, says the Eureka Sentinel,
give promise of doing muoh more for the gen-
eral weal of this section than many could have
been led to suppose. The benefits derived
from refining our base bullion at home can
scarcely be over-estimated, arid that it will
redound to the interest of poor men and the
general prosperity of the whole distriot does
not admit of a doubt. Heretofore it required
months to get returns from bullion shipped
either east or west. This wa3 particularly try-
ing on small operators and men of limited
means. Fortuuately, by the construction of
the refinery, all this is changed. Now, bullion
may be deposited at the refinery one day and
its full market value in coin is ready the next.
This ought to operate as a great stimulus to
the owners of mines who have not the means
to carry on business on a comprehensive scale.
The utter impossibility of obtaining speedy
returns for our bullion has all along proven
one of the greatest obstacles we had to contend
with. It required more than a princely fortune
to keep a mine and smelting works afloat until
the coin could be realized for their product.
Indeed this was the rook upon which the hopes
of several of bur smaller concerns were
wrecked, as many worthy gentlemen in this
community oan attest from dearly bought ex-
perience. The promised early completion of
the Eureka and Palisade railroad is also an-
other of the beneficial results of the Bichmond
refinery. There can be no question that our
ability to extract the precious metal from the
base will greatly accelerate the construction of
the unfinished division of this important en-
terprise. Other benefits will of course acorue
to this community, bat those cited are deemed
sufficient to establish the Bichmond company's
claim to a very large share of our confidence
and esteem. To Mr. Probert, the resident Di-
rector, through whose sagacity and energy
these incalculable benefits have been vouch-
safed us great credit and consideration is due,
and we assume the liberty of tendering him the
sincere thanks of the entire community.
A Quicksilver Bonanza.
The Vallejo Chronicle a few days since al-
luded to the fact that the owners of the St.
John mine had reached the ledge for which
they had been driving with their big tunnel.
The developments made by the new tunnel
show an immense body of ore. The ledge
has been stripped a diBtanoe 6f twenty feet
long and fifteen high, exposing its whole face.
The ore is remarkably rioh, being about fifteen
or twenty per cent. Miners will have a better
idea of the magnitude of the development on
being told that the workmen have contracted
to break the ore down and take it out of the
tunnel at the low price of two dollars per ton.
The Big Tunnel.
The big tunnel of which we have been speak-
ing, that has secured such important results,
was begun over 0 year ago, and* work upon it
has been prosecuted steadily ever since. It is -
the sixth level of the mine, and is 650 feet from
the surface. The total length is 1,150 feet;
it is eight feet high, and well timbered the
whole distance. It cost $12,000 to run it.
The striking of ore in this tunnel therefore
proves a body of ore 660 feet deep. What its
thickness is at this last level must yet be deter-
mined by development; but there is every rea-
son to believe that the ore is
Still Growing Larger
As it goes down. On the first level— 50 or 60
feet from the top of the hill — the ore body was
only one foot thick on the foot wall and four
feet un the hanging wall Seventy-five feet
down it has iucreased fifteen feet, and on the
Wilson level, 450 feet down, the body is found
60 feet thick. It is therefore supposed with
good reason that in the big tnnnel, 200 feet be-
low the latter, the bonanza is larger still. It
has a uniform width of about thirty feet the
whole way down. With these last develop-
ments, there is now no necessity for any
further prospecting; and all work in that di-
rection has been stopped. The ore in sight is
sufficient to feed all the furnaces '
For Years to Come.
There are fourteen tunnels now run in the
mine and in every one cinnabar is found. The
company are preparing to run the mine on a
scale commensurate with-its developments. As
we have before stated they have leased the
Brownlie mine furnace and will, erect another
furnace at their mine this summer. This will
give them three furnaces, whioh ought to fur-
nish a smelting capacity of from 300 to 500
flasks a month. The mine will make a very
big run the present month.
»«?.!
^
T
Those wonderful mines in Southern Oregon,
about which so much interest has been aroused,
are peculiar in one respect. Instead of being
the cause of "flush times," as is usual in the
tarly history of every mining camp, it appeal*
that common labor at the mines commands
only one dollar per day, and that wages and
prices generally are proportionately low.
Tee new incline engines for the Ophir mini
are of sufficient power to work the mine to ft
depth of 5,000 feet.
May 29, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
347
ECHANICAL $ROGRES&
Progress in Iron Work.
At * nn-etini! of the New York Society of
Practical EugiDeering, held on the evening of
the 32d nit, Oeorge £. Hardinp, M. E , read
the regular paper on ' The Progress of Inven-
tion in the Metallurgy of Iron," reviewing the
successive steps by whioh this industry baa
arisen from it* primitive methods to its present
complex processes and colossal proportions.
He stated that the next step forward to be
made in iron manufacture is the production of
shaped articles direct from the ore, without re-
heating or intermediate processes. At the
olose of Mr. Hardiog's paper, the Hon. Abram
8. Hewitt made an extemporaneous addre-s on
the most recent successes of iron making.
Among other matters of interest he stated that
the production of iron direct from the ore is
easy by the use of oharcoul, bat not with hard
coal. This direct produotion of iron is not,
however, of the same importance as it was for-
merly, for the reason that steel may be made
direct, and is So rapidly taking the plaoe of
iron for maiy purposes that the production in
Great Britain has* risen in a few years from
20,000 tons to upward of 1,000,000, and in the
United States already amounts to 600,000 tons
per annum. The elimination of phosphorus
from iron' is no longer the problem that only
recently has been the case, for it has been
found that by eliminating the carbon instead, a
good steel can be made, containing as much as
four- tenths of one per oent. of phosphorus.
Good steel may contain either carbon or phos-
phorus, bnt not both together. The result of
this discovery will be to open up immense
tracts of American iron mines that hitherto
have been of little worth. The midsummer
session of the Society of Practical Engineering
will be held in July next.
Expansion and Contraction of Boilers.
One difficulty to be contended with, in the
management and working of steam boilers,
arises from the unequal expansion and con-
traction of the parts of the structure. In some
instances these are so great as to be the cause
of more wear and tear than any other process
to which the boiler is subjected.
Iron expands in volume one-eight-hun-
dredth ; or, in other words, a bar of iron one
Inch square and 800 inches long would expand
one inch in length while heated from the
freezing to the boiling point of water. The
proportion of expansion, for any length of bar,
corresponding to any length of boiler, can be
easily estimated. It is not to be understood,
however, that the maximum expansion would
oocnr in boilers generally, for it is rare that
one is allowed to get so low in temperature as
thirty degrees. Still, in the winter season,
boilers when "blown down," are liable to be-
come very cold.
From experiments made by M. Wertheim, he
concluded, from, certain phenomena, that there
is a kind of thermal elastic limit with iron.
l"When heated, and when its consequent dila-
tion of volume does not exceed that which
corresponds to the boiling point, it returns to
its original dimensions. Beyond a certain
temperature it does not contract again to its
primitive volume, but takes a permanent dila-
tion in consequence, apparently, of its elastic
limits having been exceeded."
i The Extension of the Ieon Tbade in Japan.
j— The Government of Japan is taking steps
for establishing blast furnaces, in which the ex-
cellent magnetic iron ores averaging above fifty
her cent, metallic iron, and which ocour in
lodes, are to be smelted both with charcoal as
(well as coke. The iron hitherto manufactured
In, Japan has been made, as described in a
former report, from- the iron sands which De-
bar in the islands of Yesso, by a sort of bloom-
sry process, and these iron sands have lately
[been desoribed in the report of Mr. B. S. Ly-
man, the geologist and mining engineer to the
government of Japan, as consisting of two va-
Irieties, the one easily smelted and pure, whilst
he other is difficult to smelt, and supposed to
contain titanium. He estima es the total
juantity of these Bands at 125,000 tons, which
le regards as containing 91,000 tons metallio
ron, but slates that only some 5,500 tons of
he Band are of the easily smelted description.
-Iron and Steel Institute.
A Gun Manufactured in an Hocb. — A gen-
leman recently called at the Remington gun
nanufactory at Ilion, N. Y., with the view of
asking the purchase of some arms. He was
hown through the works, and evinced great
nterest in all the processes. At the close of
tiB tour of inspection a gun was shown him
|,nd repeatedly discharged in his presence. He
'as then told that since his entrance into the
rorks every part of the identical gnn just fired
ad been manufactured and put together, and
unt his own eyes had witnessed every stage of
he work. He then offered to purohase five
ar loads of gnns whioh the Spanish inspectors
ad recently rejected, probably with the view
f getting some small rednotion, and paid the
lessrs. Remington the price named in the
riginal contract. It is supposed that this un-
nown gentleman was an agent of Don Carlos,
f this be the. oase the Spanish government has
arough its officials quite overreached itself.
American Ordnance— A Novelty in Gun
Manufacture.
Before the war of secession our guns were
the most powerful in the world; but since that
we have made no progress in that direction,
while the nations of Europe have gone a
long way ahead of us. There is not in the
United States to-day a private or publio faotory
capable of forging a 100-pounder of steel or
wrought iron, and the proposal by a bureau
officer to purchase suitable guns from abroad
would ba justly construed as a gross aff rout to
the American eagle. Urgent appeals have been
made every year to Congress with a fall -repre-
sentation of the case, but with little effect.
Congressmen seem to think but little of the
necessities of national defence. The contin-
gency of a foreign war is apparently regarded
as so remote that it is not thought to be worth
the smallest insurance premium upon it. It is
not difficult to obtain eaoh year a few thou-
sands of dollars for experimental purposes; hut
when mention is made of the millions neces-
sary to provide a national gun factory, Con-
gress declines with astonishment the unwelcome
proposal.
After many efforts the Ordnance Department
succeeded in obtaining, two years ago, an ap-
propriation for constructing and testing some
heavy rifles. It was provided .in the aot that
one of these should be a breech-loader. A
board was appointed to select the models, and
those ohoseu were; 1, a 12 in. Krupp; 2, a 12-
in. Woodbridge muzzle-loader; 3, a 12-iu.
Hotohkiss muzzle-louder, besides several minor
recommendations. The Krupp gun was never
negotiated for, because it soon became appar-
ent that the other projects would more than
swallow up the appropriation, and American
genius must be enoouraged, not affronted.
Hotchkiss' gun has been much elaborated and
modified, and the inventor expects to have his
gun finished during this spring, if the funds
hold out. This gun is made up by welding
together iron disks, and then boring out. The
plan is an old one, and failed in the hands of
Dr. Ames, the gun separating into sections at
the welds. Hotchkiss', improvement consists in.
his method of welding.
The Woodbridge gun is in mo9t respects a
novelty. He proposed his plan as long ago as
1850, when his proposal was favorably endorsed
by General Scott. During the war a am ill gun
was made by him and could not be ruptured.
His plan consists in winding about a steel
tube a coil of soft steel wire. The wire is fed
to the coil in a band consisting of twenty or
thirty wires, each wire of three-tenths of an
inch cross-section. When the coil is wound
up the whole is placed in a tight flask of boiler
iron, and this is put into a specially constructed
furnace, muzzle upwards, and heated to red-
ness. An alloy of 80 of copper and 20 of tin is
then poured into the flask. This is a very
fusible alloy, and is expeoted to solder the
wires into a practically homogenous mass, and
to give trunnions and contour to the gun. If
this succeeds the finishing of the gun is of
oourse mere lathe-work. This project seems at
first to have some of the Munchausen elements
in it; but a very careful study of the elaborate
details of the plan, and of Mr. Woodbridge's
preliminary experiments, led every member of
the Ordnance Board to the belief that it was
worth trying. It is known that bronze pene-
trates with astonishing power between clean
surfaces of iron or steel, when the latter is hot
enough to preserve the fluidity of the bronze,
and when the surfaces are thoroughly clean.
This has been abundantly verified at the
Springfield armory. Moreover, the small gun
made by Dr. Woodbridge in 1861 was out into
small pieces, and was found to be homogenous
and solid throughout. The furnaces, machinery
and steel tube for this gun have been procured,
and the calibre of the first one is intended to
be nine inches, on account of the extreme nov-
elty of the experiment; but if it proves success-
ful a 12-iu. rifle will be immediately constructed
— or attempted. Difficulty has been experi-
enced in procuring the wire. It is required to
be square in section and of three-tenths of an
inch in gauge, and as the inventor is extremely
exacting and cautious, much difficulty has been
found in fulfilling his requirements;
The principle appears to have many point's to
recommend it. Its longitudinal strength will'
be guaranteed by the obliquity of the wires,
which will be reversed in the alternate layers.
It is objected by many that the heating of the
coil and its subsequent slow cooling will de-
prive the wires of a great portion of their
tensile Btrength; but, granting this, there will
still be left a very high tenacity, as has been
shown by Mr. Woodbridge in his extensive
preliminary experiments, and, as already
stated, the inventor combines with some daring
a great and perhaps excessive amount of oau-
tion and foresight in providing against pos-
sible sources of difficulty and errors of detail,
so that good results are very confidently antici-
pated.
Recipe fob a Cement fob Mending Steam
Boilebs. — Mix two parts- of finely powdered
litharge with one part of very fine sand, and
one part of quicklime whioh has been
allowed to slack spontaneously by exposure to
the air. This mixture may be kept for any
length of time without injuring. In using it
a portion is mixed into paste with linseed oil,
or, still better, boiled linseed oil. In this state
it must be quickly applied, as it soon becomes
hard.
Needle Making.— There is a needle faotory
in New Haven where the whole process is done
by a single machine without the manual labor
of any person. A coil of steel wire is put in.
The machine cuts it off at the required lengths.
It cuts the pteel pieoes consecutively, punches
the eye-holes, countersinks the eyes and grinds
the points, and in fact does everything until
the needles drop ont completely formed. An.
other machine pioka tbem up and arrauges their
heads and points together, and a third piece of
meohanism puts them into paper. One of these
machines occupies no more space than an ordi-
nary table, and eaoh of them turns out from
thirty to forty thousand needles a day. Most
of the needles in use in this country have been
imported from England until a few years past.
scientific Progress.
The New Method of Electric Illumination.
Dr. Wilde, of the St. Petersburg Academy of
Sciences, has recently made a report to the
Academy upon the new mode of producing the
electric light proposed by M. Ladyguin, of that
city. Since the discovery of the voltaic arc in
1821 by Davy, many attempts have been made
to utilize it practically for illumination. But
in spite of the regulators devised for the pur-
pose, it still remains variable and inconstant;
being too intense used at a single point, it is
yet incapable of division. Since the improved
magneto-electric machines have reduced the
cost of the eleotric light to only one-third that
of coal gaB, these efforts to utilize it have b en
redoubled. And, as a result, M. Ladyguin h»s
made an invention which, in a very simple
way, resolves both problems, rendering the
light steady, and at the same time capable of
division. It has long been known that the
electric light proper comes from the intensely
heated carbons which the current traverses, the
resistance of the air between them developing
this heat. So the resistance of a platinum wire
E laced in circuit causes it to be highly heated;
ut the light tuns obtained, though constant,
and entirely controllable, is too feeble for prac-
tical use.
M. Ladyguin has conceived the idea of re-
placing the platinum wire in this experiment
by a thin rod of gas carbon, and with complete
success. Carbon possesses, even at the same
temperature, a much greater light-radiating
power than platinum; its calorific capacity is
less than one-half that of platinum ; it is, more-
over, a sufficiently good conductor of heat; so
that the same quantity of beat elevates the
temperature of a small rod of carbon to nearly
double that of a wire of platinum the same
size. Again, the resistance of the carbon em-
ployed is 250 times creator than that of plat-
inum; hence it follows that a rod of carbon
may be fifteen times as thick as a wire of plat-
inum the same length, and yet be heated by
the same current to the same degree. Finally,
the carbon may be heated to the same intense
whiteness without the danger of fusion to which
platinum is liable. These are some of the ad-
vantages of carbon; its only disadvantage is,
that heated in the air it burns, and so grad-
ually wastes. But M. Ladyguin has happily
obviated this difficulty by enclosing the rod of
carbon in a glass cylinder containing no oxy-
gen and hermetically sealed. Dr. Wilde asks,
iu conclusion, that the Academy recognize the
fact that M. Ladyguin has solved the grand
problem of dividing and rendering steady the
electric light, in the simplest possible manner,
and that they award him, in consequence, the
Lomonossow prize.
A New Earthquake Indicator.
A highly ingenious, though simple appara-
tus, designed by II. Malvosia, of Bologna, to
indicate the commencement of earthquake
shocks, has lately attracted the attention of
Italian savants. We will try, briefly* to . de-
scribe it : On a slightly inclined board is
fixed a spherical cap, having eight grooves, cor-
responding to the eight principal points of the
compass. A little beyond the edge of the cap
there is a projecting wooden ring which limits
the inclined surface. On the top of the cap is
poised a little brass ball, vhieh is slightly flat-
tened at the point of contact. Upon the ball
reBts, very lightly, a conical weight by a small
screw projecting from its base. This weight is
suspended by a chain from an overhanging
arm, moveable up and. down on a support at the
side.
It will thus be seen that the least shock will
cause the ball to topple over. When it does so
it will run down one of the grooves of the cap
to the inclined plane, at the bottom part of
which it finds a hole, and passing into it,
causes the discharge of a pistol. But this is
not all. Whenever the ball has left its posi-
tion on the cap, a spring needle, longer than
the diameter of the ball, shoots out from the
little screw-knob that rested on the ball and
catches in that groove of the cap down which
the ball ran.
Thus the direction is indicated in which the
shook has been given; it has been on the oppo-
site side to that fn which the needle hangs
down. The instrument is said to be very sen-
sitive, and will doubtless render good service
in what is now a little understood branch of
science.
Satety-Lahps not Axwats Safe — And Wht.
Twenty-two large explosions have taken place
in English coal mines since the year 1856;
among these seventeen took place at the mo-
ment of the firing of a blast at & distance.
Galloway conceived from this the suspicion
that a violent sound wave might be capable of
pushing the flame through the wire gauze of
the safety lamp, and thus ignite the inflamma-
ble gas around. It was known that when explo-
sive gases are drawn through a wire gauze
with a velocity of ten to twelve feet per second,
the flame penetrates and ignites them; but It
was not known that a sound wave would do
the same thing, and this is what Galloway hat
proved by experiment. He placed a safety-
lamp in an explosive mixture, and fired a pis-
tol at a distance of twenty feet, or ignited a
box filled with a mixture of coal gas and oxy-
gen; in either case a large flame was projected
through the wire gauze out of the safety-lamp,
and ignited the surrounding gas. He found
no difference when the gas was separated from
the air by means of a thin membrane, which
would not permit air currents to pass, but
only transmit the sound wave. The experi-
ment was varied by transmitting the sound
wave through a tube twenty feet long, and of
which the axis was directed toward the safety-
lamp; closing this tube with an elastic mem-
brane made no difference whatever. He there-
fore came to the conclusion that a blast in a
coal mine may m ike all the safety lamps use-
less, while it explains the fact that an explosion
in one part of a mine is often immediately fol-
lowed by another explosion at a distant point.
New Method or Presekvtno Meat. — A
method for the preservation of meat, by keep-
ing it in a cool, dry chamber, has been commu-
nicated to the French Academy by M. Tellier,
well known as the inventor of very efficient
ice-producing machinery. His new device
consists in the employment of methylio ether,
a substance that is gaseous at ordinary temper-
atures and atmospheric pressure, but which
can be reduced to a fluid by a pressure of eight
atmospheres. The methylic ether is condensed
and then allowed to expand iu contact with metal
compartments containing a solution of chloride
of calcium, which it reduces to a low tempera-
ture. Air is blown through this apparatus, its
moisture is deposited as hoar frost on the
metal, and it passes in a dry and cold state to
the chamber in which the meat is placed. It it
found that the flavor of the meat is not injured
by. retention in this situation for forty to forty-
five days, although it is said to acquire a greasy
taste after that period.
The Planet Ubanub. — The spectrosoope has
enabled astronomers to ascertain that the at-
mosphere of the planet Uranus, which is further
from the sun than any other rplanet except
Neptune, is composed chiefly of hydrogen gas.
Mr. Proctor says that if there is even a small
proportion of oxygen present, an electric spark,
however minute, would cause tremendous con-
vulsions by combining the hydrogen and oxypen
into water. The Spectator, referring to his asser-
tion that there is probably no life upon the
planet, asks, "Why may there not be life whioh
needs no oxygen ?"
Failube op Copper Sot-phate. — Railway
sleepers injected with sulphate of copper will
be preserved indefinitely, provided the copper
remains in its original combination with the
ligneous tissue. But M. Max Paulet shows
that, on railways where carbonate of lime ex-
ists in the stone ballasting of the track or in
the soil, the carbonate gradually penetrates the
wood and substitutes the copper. Dec iy then
follows, for oarbonate of lime is not a septic
agent.
Music from Gas Jets.— An extraordinary
new musical instrument, called the pyrophone,
invented by M. Eastner, of Paris, has been ex-
hibited at the Society of Arts. The notes are
produced by the singing of gas jets in glass
tubes, and are sweet and pure, and, at the same
time, have great penetrative power. After the
reading of the paper on the invention, illustra-
tions of the music emitted were given sepa-
rately and in concert with the human voice.
New Electro Pbooesb. — A very ingeniou8
application of electro-metallurgy has recentl
been brought before the notice of the Sooiety
of Arts. It consists in the application of a
coat of silver, by means of eleotro-deposition, on
natural leaves and flowers. By this means
very delicate ornaments are produced, since
the precise form and texture of the natural
leaf is preserved under the thin silver film.
The special process by which these results are
attained is the inventiou of a Mr. Denton.
Interesting Disoqveby. — A discovery of a
curious nature has been made in Egypt by a
savant who has found and deciphered an in-
scription in honor of Toutmosis III, con-
taining more than four hundred geographic
names, very precise and recognizable, concern-
ing Arabia, Armenia, Nubia, and the coasts of
the Mediterranean. The inscription- is thirty-
five centuries old, and will give rise to some
historic and geographical debates of great
value.
Lead veins are evidently formed by the ao-
cretion of gaseous particles, and the growth or
repletion carried forward by the laws of crys-
tallization. Suppose this crystallization to be
under the control of any snpposabie prinoiple,
and eaoh mass of ore (whether in regular cubes
or having the edges or solid angles of the cubes
truncated) to have direct reference to eaoh
other cube, and the key of the filling or reple-
tion of the vein system of a lead field may be
had.
348
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
(May 29, 1875
INING SUMMARY.
Til* fnHnwlau In rnofltly r;en<l<jnn«d from Joarnel* pnt>-
H»tn,rl In Ltm Im tor) i/r, In proximity I" tin. nilrioH mantlotKil
California.
AMADOR
iJi/NKKB Jhi.n. --Amador Ledger, May 2f! ;
This mine, situated Dear Amador Oiry, is being
rapidly developed Into b vainabic property.
The main shaft ban reached a depth of '270 ft,
and the lode at that depth U very extensive,
and the entire mass of ore far beyond the aver-
age Id point "f value, in connection with the
mine is a 10-ntatap mill, which yields from the
rock crushed, from $7,000 to $8,000 per
month, with an almost nrdirnited amount of
ore now developed. The mine is under the
superintendence of Mr. John I'alrner, a prnc-
tical miner, under whose Intelligent manage*
ment the li linker Hill ftt rapidly advancing n
importance, and may now 00 ranked with the
permanent paying mines of the county. The
mill now in 11 ho will, at the proper time, be
superseded by one of greater capacity, when
the monthly yield of the mine will equal the
most productive on the great mother lode.
Kknnkov Mink. — An Kinking progresses in
thin mine the prospect of its future value be-
comeH more apparent. The rock taken out in
(linking is becoming remarkably rich, fur mere
no than at any former period in the history of
the mine, we saw. rock taken from the bot-
tom of the main shaft literally filled with gold,
mid which would yield a fabulous amount of
gold to the ton of or©; nor does such roek Heem
tO be of limited quantity; on the Contrary,
about (our feet of trie ledge In the bottom of the
main shaft in very rich in free gold and snl-
phurete.
A Nbw Qoaxtz Mzmj. — Amador /Jiapatch,
May 22i The owners of the Volunteer tnltffl
near this place have already commenced haul
ing the timbers, etc., for their new 10-stamp
quartz mill, which they will erect on the creek
a nhort distance below the mine, Thil looks
Like business, and in an evidence that the pro
prntors have the rnowt implicit confidence in
tbi rfObnm and permanency of their EnTne.
CALAVERAS.
W).',t Popra Items.— CalaveraH Ohranlcfa
May Vl; Champion, rich as ever. A large
quantity of ore on the dump. Minn Rica run-
ning levels at the depth of 107 It, with fine in-
dications that the main north chimney will
prove extensive on thin level. The Enterprise
company are also running a tunnel transversely
tO the former "Maria." The tunnel Is In
Home 200 ft, and the vein will be topped in two
weekH time. The mill in kept in motion. A.
M. Harris crushed a lot of ore from an aban-
doned mine which yielded %Vl.'.\ . '.','.', per ton.
.Josephine shaft down (10 ft. Although a large
shaft, uotbing but pure pay ore in in light.
Home 100 torn* are being hauled to the Zsea-
tero mill and will be worked with the ap-
pliances available. The Huperintendent In-
tends to lend Harnple lots of ore to Han Fran-
eiseo to be worked there at prominent reduc-
tion works previoiiH to erecting a mill on the
mine. Uood Faith tunnel in very near the
third vein it in intended to tap and will toon be
in condition to turn out large quantities of
high grade ore, The new shaft on the Dovle
none is down 40 ft; the machinery i 1 now b< ing
Hffid for hoising. Mr. Carey deserves success
for bit Unflinching energy. A new shaft is
bein« mink on the Anderson Flat mine, zOO ft
north of the working shaft; the two will be
connected by a level which haft been already
itarfced from the sonth shaft. Timet, never
better.
FRESNO.
Quarto.— Fresno Expositor, May 20: W. A.
Sanders, who ban lately been visiting the
quarts mining region at the head of Big Dry
creek, left at thin office f amplea of gold, silver
and copper ore which he had procured in that
neighborhood. Home of the specimen! Were
very good in appearance. The claim of
Iiarnes A-, Co. he thinks the bent of any that lie
' ''"on -), Uioui/h none of them v/ere eufri-
eiently developed to enable a proper estimate
of their orient or value to be formed. The
quart/, mill to he erected by Mew,™. .J< ;,,<,, M
Keys will enable mi estimate of the value of the
mineM to be formed. In our opinion the 'lay
is not fur distant when a number of valuable
quartz mines will be developed in thin county
and be profitably worked. Jt Is indeed strange
if valuable quari/, mines do not exist in Fresno
wheti rich ones have been discovered in all the
adjoining counted,
INYO
I'anamin-/ DlSTBIOT,— i'anamfnt Nvmh, May
1H: The .facoh'n Wonder in being thoroughly
opened and prepared for taking out ore in
large quantities fn the weft winze, which Ii
now dOWn 70 ft from No. I level, \ ft, of $0/75
0f« ii exposed, and (be quality lt< Hteadily im-
proving se linking progreetft.
HiKWAia'rt WoNOKe. Wo A on thi« mine in
bong rapidly punhe.d ahead, and it will i-.ooi. b
Opened by driltf and winze 1 to a depth of Wll, ft.
JJkmlook. — Wo have alwayti lool;ed on thil
inine an one of the gre,.te,;t on the J'acitic
coast. It in being mo»t tboroagbly opesoA,
and ureal preparationfi are being nuide to itup-
ply tlie mill with itri rich ore*) 'Ii,., ,un><-. \§
being opened by a whaft 70 ft in depth, from
the bottom Of which a tunnel bttl been run in
HO ft, cutting tt.u ledge. F'rom thli level a
drift haw been run eatd 127 ft, through a body
of fine ore. To the wont a drift haw alfO been
run 2/04 ft, on the Hamo level, Frotii where
tunnel No. I eutu the ledge a winze haw bean
Hunk 142 ft, through an excellent body of ore.
At the depth of r,o ft, drifts have been run eat*t
and went 40 ft, allowing a body of high grade
ore. A tunnel in al«o being rnn to our toe
ledge at the bottom of this winze, through
which all the ore will paftn out to a fine road
that i I being built,
WroMiNo, -This mine in being the mc)#t •■'<-
toneivly worked of any in the district. The
preparation!! and plain for opening it are not
only on a large ocale but are being rapidly
ptt*hed ahead. TiinnolH, drifts, winzes and
(dopes are ho numerous in this mine that it is
almost impossible to remember them. Th< re
ban been a tunnel run 186 ft, which eufH the
vein at the 287-ft level, aid at thin level a drift,
has been run 74 ft west on the ledge, rum, ing
through the finest body of ore that has ever
been found in this mine. The drift hits now
panned the winze mink from the 10'J-ft lev I,
giving fine ventilation to thin portion of lb-
mine. The cutting of this vein at the depth of
280 ft removes all doubt as to the permanency
of this mine, and scatters to the wind the piog.
nostieations, made some time ago, of certain
inereduloujt experts, who never can be made to
believe that the works and ways of the Almighty
are paid, finding out.
The I'ariamint Consolidated mining company
are working 'JfJ men, running night and day,
on their mines.
NEVADA.
BlOfl Mjnk. San Juan Time"., May 2'2: The
N jrtli Uloomfield gravel mining company have
recently struck a b«*d of blue gravel which is
fiaying immensely, Thi-i strata win struck
peai one of their numerons tunnel ifaaftf and
only a few feet below the nurfuee gra '/■ L an I
about fifty or sixty feet above bed roek. It ex-
tends to bed rock nnd grov/s richer us they go
down. The company is now washing through
two Monitors, utung 9,000 Inofae I d-uiy. Their
darn at Bowman'* is filled with water, and
if no accident occurs they will have a mffiolont
supply of water to keep the two Monitors at
worknntil the fall rains set in. The company
now employ about fifty laborer;*, half of whom,
probably, are Chinamen,
HnWCJiMAN & OftovKic's C/.a/mm Nevada
TraiUtcApit May 22: The hydraulic claims of
Ifjrxchuian .V, Crover, situated about a mile
west of Nevada City, on OiiHtomah hill, are
being worked, and the owners are busily en
gOged in piping away. 'The company use 800
inches of water, using two Monitors. The re-
mainder of the mining seueonwill be employed
in washing up bottom gravel, which is very
rich. The water will probably last six weeka
or two months longer, and it will take that time
to complete their senson's work, In securing
the large proportion of gold, which Is always
found on the bed rock, None but white labor
ii employed In tbetfe claims, the owners being
satisfied that they can be better H'-rved by pay-
ing a higher price for white men than employ
Ing Chinamen. The t Birapbman <v. Grover
claims have had some good clean-ups this HOii
son, but the next one, judging from the np
penr-io'-e of the ground hluioes.will eclipse them
all. There is now no doubt, from the giav*l
formation and the discoveries continually
being mad", that, the lead is a continuation of
the Manziinila and Nebraska claims, and that
the main channel runs directly under the
Hugar Loaf ridge,
AuoKNTA,— -Foothill Ttd&nas, May 22; This is
the name of a mining focation on Dea/Jman's
fi.it, on the now bmoui Pittsburg lode The
0WO6TI are about to open it up in good shape
by a tunnel, which In its extreme length — 000
feet will give them 220 ft of backs! 800ft
In, however, they expect to get the ledge and
pay ore,
PLACER.
ijtri'H Fi, a'i anoOom* \luu. Placer Il'/ral.d,
May -it: Both places the large hydraulic mines
are nearly all running with full heals, and it is
thought that the water will hold out until the
last of Jfino. Dntittg the recent eool we.ilber,
which has been interspersed with showers heie
and in the valley, there has con-uderahh;
snow fallen in the mountain i, which, though
somewhat unexpected at this lea urn of ine
year, will serve to materially lengthen the
minors' harvest season, and resnitie an (moor
1 ant difference in the year's yield of gold Id
this county, and doubtless in the whole 8 tat©,
to what WAS H few weeks ugo expected, Alto-
gether the season for hydraulic mining will be
almost, if not quite, an average; for though we
have bad DO met) of Water this Spring from the
sudden melting of large deposits of snow, as is
usually the 00*©, what we b.ivo had bus been
well distributed, enabling the miner to com*
mence early, and a i now seems, to run tolerably
late.
Tub discoverers of the chrome mine have
made a new arrangement with the proprietors
of too chrome redaction works of Baltimore.
The latter take the mine and work it, and pay
the former %% a ton royalty, for all the ore
tol en oat.
Wk learn that a mine on the Ht. Lawrence
extension, near Opbir, is now being opened,
which gives very favorable indications of being
nch and extensive. It is rumored ftot an
English company, with over a million dollars
capital, are about, to take hold of it, who, it is
thought, will put on extensive works.
PLUMAS
QuAJi'ns Mimk Hox,D.~ Plnmai WattOlUll, May
22; A few days ago the Wolf Cre.-k company's
mine and mill near Greenville, own-'i by
Batcher, Barge, Lowcry fo Co., was purchased
by Messrs. Lawrence, Hid well & Molntyro, for
the sum of $H000, The mine has recently been
[laying w II, and the gentlen/en purchasing
piobably got a good bargain,
Bxca C;,AfM. Wiiburn k Haven, whose
claims are situated neiu (lard icrabble, Mohawk
valley, have certainly got a big pro ipeOt ah- ad
They took out about $10,000 last season, and
we are credibly informed that, notwithstanding
the short run of water, they will do fully ai
well this year. They picked Dp a $200 coiapB
the other day, and it is reported that they pick
up $100 per day in coarse gold. No clean-up
has been made yet, but when the "indications
are such as above mentioned, it don't require
much judgment to tell what the result will be.
OfA.-rr OsAVfcn MrNiNO Comi-amv, — This in
the name adopted for the extensive gravel
Claims on the Middle Fork, recently purchai'd
of Could ft Tefft by Mr. F. A. Hrnith, of Haora-
meuto, who buys for a company of Hacramento
capitalist*. Mr. Hrnith ha 1 b<-eo malring a
thorough examination of the ground and water
right, and the indications show that he was
pie. s-.d with the prospect. 'I he claim will be
opened on a week, directly at the eastern side
of Little Long valley. At this point there are
Splendid nd vantages in the way of dump, fall
tor flume, undercurrents, k<\, and the solid,
clear gravel is over 400 ft in depth. Work en
the flitch to bring water to the mine will be
commenced about the lat of June. The ditch
will be fourteen miles in length, and will take
up all the Waters of Cedar creek, and the un-
claimed waters of Hurley creek, Anthony creek
and Willow creek, and from there to the Mid-
dle Fork. '1 he plan of operations Is first to dig
a grade 10 ft in width, in which the ditch is to
PS Ittlik. ft fa to be 7 ft on t/ip, \ ft ou bottom
arid 20 Inches deep, and wild a grade of one-
half inch to the rod. ft \a calculated that II
will be of a capacity of from 5000 to 4000
me he i. Work on the ditch Will commence at
the lower end, so as to get water to the claims
IS iioon as possible. No flume will be used,
bnl Is one or two nlooee the water will be eon
royed by Iron pipes for a short distance, ft is
probable that the ditching will he done by eon-
tract, and as the proprietors' intend to finish It
this summef, a large force of men will have to
I. e employed, Mr. A, .(.Gould has received
t'ne n ppointment of superintendent. We think
Mr. Hmith showed good judgment In the in-
t CSt mi int, for the water v/ill cover any amount
of gravel, and o*n be " ted for 50 'j*-->.f--: to come
in neb a sraj as fcc make it profitable,
GacmrviLLie Noras, The WolfOreeK mining
company have sold out thil week to Messrs.
isidweii, Lawrence snd Mcintyre. The price
paid was pbytOO. The new proprietors pro
pose putting Up a new mill Immediately, and
the COt) tract has already been let for the tfxfl
hers. The bond Htar mill Is to be taken down
and removed, and steam powei attached ah
the mill i En the rieitfhbornood are doing better
than aenal, The Cfreenvide mill, twenty-four
Stamps, will start up in a few days, after a rest
of eighteen montha< The paring rock recently
discovered tn the ledge continues to unpfOVS
in fjuitlity as rtevfdopments are mad'-, and the
chances of the Creenville ;if: fl littering. Tan-
ner and Wiles are erecting hoisting works on
the OorvalJei ledge, and are prepannd for < x
tens! ve operations soon.
8AN BENITO.
Tim Mink.— Oilroy 4dV0CaU, May 22; Mr.
G. H, Vratt spent Wedn, ;d. iy m id. in CHlroy
with his son, if . C. J'ratt, ife has been M
gaged In prospecting for tin and ^flickailVet in
han BenitO county, and says the DTOSpect 1 1
encouraging fot a gOOd tin mine. A piece oi
pnre tm, the size oi one's fist has been found.
The place is high up on the mountain* and
diffienlt of iiccesH. With SOOM grading for five
mile i it f;ould be reached with a team.
SHASTA.
MiMiMo.— Correspondence Han Jose Minvry,
May 22; Mining prospects are looking Dp ffl
BfaOSta county ( Tn fact, the coiiper mines of
C»k llun, th'» gold mines on Itear creek, and
the iron mountain on llcCload r^VOT, ail in thin
vicinity, and all r'icently (UsCOTerod, are at
troctlng hundreds of art venturous ore seofcer*
to the mineral region. As far as pronpecU:d,
the oiines in all the above named places offer
abundant yields, Coal of miporior fpiality has
also been found in the came region, and with
Ibis combination of metals, certainly nothing
is wanting to facilitate the extrication of the
valuable /<om the invaluable. Mr. Peck, pro
prietor of the copper mine, recently disposed
Of] a part of his mine not yot prospected, for
for the sum of $15,000.
SIERRA.
Ction Mountain 1£tg$engert May 22: The
rich strike in the Union mine at Cibionville is
a bug thing, and promise* to stimulate pros-
pecting In inat section, it fs an entirety new
lead that they have found. It has generally
peen supposed to oust, but never before dem-
onstrated.
Dvre.n. We understand thut the prospects
are vt-.iy good for the building of a large ditch
this summer, to convey the vat-rot several
lakes in the vicinity of Cold lake to the noith-
em portion of the county, particularly to the
ridge running from HoaletT digging to ht. LouiOi
There are tnonjands of acre* of rich mining
ground In fcbe limits spoken f*f, lying (die and
oi, productive, simply for the want of water.
The enterprise of bringing in this ditch will
not involve the outlay of to eiceed $100,000, if,
indeed, that mu< h. TbCTS are no OOSOnS tO
cross and no expensive tunnels to run. The
volatne of water obtainable woald be large, and
its sale, in a few years, would repay the outlay
And good interest ther<on.
BlO Htmjcjc at OMinr^vn.r.a. — " Hhep," the
La rOfte mail cmrrter, m forms ns that th«
Union company, whose claims are located bock
of Oibsonville, have recently struck it rich,
and the lest part Is, It Proves the existence of
the big blue le-id uii'Jer the main ridge, and
■/ill c-».'i ■■',<•■ t'ne owners of the a'ljoining claims
to drive ahead their works, with a certainty of
being rewarded for their toil. The Union.
Company WOehed Dp h/ty three ounce* from
200 car loads. There arc sixteen shares In tho
claim, and the owners are jubilant, feeling
Certain Oi a fortune, the chances are now
favorable fiat CHbeanwiUs to regain ail it* loot
glory and come back to the lively times of
twenty years ago. Che owners in the I
sre entitled to credit for their perseverance,
having run their main tunnel over 3,000 feet,
and that, too, without being positive that they
wouM get pay. We hope the strike may rnako
rich men of ail of them,
TUOLUMNE
IjSI Oai/.zi.y. --Union lh;(tw.ratt May 22:
We are informed that voiy good ore has re-
cently been found In this once famoua mine.
A vast amount oi m mcy hat been used here
the past few years without adequate re'.urn -..bit
p Li' ne-. and porsorvarioe seems about to he re-
warded.
Ai,AiuMA. Tuolumne In*h.jizwlf.rd, May 22:
The Alabama mine haa parsed into the hatide
of sn Incorporated company, under the title of
Consolidated Alabama gold and silver mining
company, ft is their intention to work the
mine on "■ l*rae scale. The company are now
engaged erecting novating works, and eetetexe>
plftte running a tunnel to tdeir mill, and say
that within a year they will he taking out of
the lun,-. one hundred tons of rock per day.
Which ''he mine opened, they e.m ei',riu:taod
null for less than #2 a ton. Cowl** and ./ohrm-
ton ore putting up one oi thesa patent gUnt
quart/, mills, They are confident Hint tfa
Crnsh fifty tons of hard rock, through a ffiity
Icreen per twenty four bo
OMK'>A,'hi:i.K Mof,';i'i ,'./.■ > i he Omegii gravel
mine is five miles .aboTO the "ftongh and
Heady." K. \*. It, Wh.ttha: again taken hold
of the above claim with his wonted vim tm ea-
perintendent, and is pn diing the Wf>rk with
night and 'lay shifts to intersect with the Alpha
at th* line 'if their claim. At Ibis point, Hu*
!,< -i i pi i' nd' fit CotlinO) of the Alpha, has a fVirty
oot bfSOel of gravel with l«dge pitching.
tfoarSS piece: Oi wavy, black gold, etc., flndi'
eating the old Caldwell channel;, weighing
' lleTOttj ninetcn and twenty one dollars, were
found. 'Ibis character of gold doee not amal-
gamate, t«ut nevertheless, on ■ecOBOl of its
great heft, finds i's way end nentles into the
rifflei of the lejxaej
Nevada.
WA8HOE DI3TRIOT.
Oi-iira. Gold Hill New*, May 20.
i being mostly
DaiJj
field, I •'> ton ) of '•r-,- 'I his ore is be'
extracted from the I4f55*ft level The ora>i
Ktopei are ;.ll looking well and are yielding thi
aenal quantity of good ore. Three mills are
now running steodtly on ore from the minCj
and others trill be added as soon as th*
be obtained. The northeast winze has reached
the 1600- ft level, and the bottom ha |
connected by a drift with the prospecting
works at the bottom of the north winze, thus*
securing a fine, circulation of pure air, and
gre itly facilitating the operations in thai, por-
tion of the mine, The northeast
the entire distance from the Mo'.'/ to the
ft level through good milling ore, the body
of ore at the bottom being over 100 ft Ht
width. I below the IflOO-ft level,
being sank With the inclination of the ledge, is
down 4 i ft, the bottom still in good milling
ore. The east drifts from the main shaft, OO
both the J',00 and IflflO ft levels are beintf
pushed rapidly ahead, and //ill soon reach the
main I'dge. Cross-cut No. 3 on the J700-ft
level '■■■ bema pushed rapidly shcad t/^ward the
ore vein, and It Is the intention, in a day off '
two more, to shirt al -.-,■■ HOC. I and 4
on the name level. The erection of the nCW
incline machinery is making favorable pro
greaa.
f ooaiiM. — The station at the 400 -ft level
is well opened, and the drift started west for
the ledge. It Ik In to-day about 10 ft, sad
will have Rometblog over 100 ft to mn in
order to reach the ledge*
tit am. All the men that can be worked to
■>'-. are employed in grading, laying the
foandononff and in the erection of the new ,
maehiner, and new hohting WOrl
Kavaok. -The new Incline machinery is sll
working nrieiy. Hinklng the mam Incline i«
againxoaUoa rapid progrf-ss, the rock in the
bottom blasting out finely.
C*M*oa.iu.— The OtOfO-eut* on the IftOO-H
lev. I are alt being forwarded wbh all ibe
possible, there being no change of 1m-
porbiriee iri any of them since our last report.
1 he lateral drift U> connect crose-cnts Vce^^H
and 4, on the 1500-ft level, is ■fesdflj edvanC*
ing, the face still in neb ore,
Bii/nMoae *.i»> AMKttt'.xa \St.At. — hlnking
the mam shaft in again makinfi; rapid pvogreSCi
<)ti the 7o0-ft level, the north croea-cn's baVI
developed a body of fine compact quartz and
lowgrale ore VM ft in width, of a very proie-
i sing' character. This development U an en-
W and y*ry important feature, eC no
such body o( quartz and ore has ever b*en
, found bewffe so far to the northward.
i ':o;o«oli&atcd Viooxau. — Uaily yield, 4iW
May 29, 1875. 1
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
349
tour of ore. The ore breasts are all yielding
richly as usual, and show no signs whatever of
giving out. The null* are all steadily running,
and the yield for this month will undoubtedly
be aa great aa that of the month of April. The
joint east cross-cut on the California line is
steadily proving a much greater extent of ore
in that portion of the mine than wa* expected.
6 .Eta a Xsraria. — The rock in the bottom of
the old shaft is much harder. The face of the
main east drift on the 700-ft level is still in
Jedge material. Sinking the new shaft is also
malting fine progress. The foundations for the
new aud powerful air compressor are cotn-
Erfcoi-i. — The new three- oompartxnent work-
ing ♦• haft is well timbered and completed to the
depth of 'io ft. Toe necessary carpenter and
bUcksmith shops hare been erected, and the
timbers are beginning to arrive for the erection
of the new hoisting works building.
Yellow Jacket.— Work is being trashed at
all poinU on the 1740-ft lerel with all the vigor
possible. The north drift is Wing especially
crowded forward to make a connection with
the main south drift on the 3000ft level of the
Imperial for air purposes.
Phil. Shebxda*. — The face of the main west
drift is to-day in porphyry, quartz and clay,
being considerably softer m*te rial than that
heretofore met with.
Sctzo. — A surrey has been made during
the week which »h • *s the ledge to be over SO
ft distant from the face of the tunnel yet, the
to ran being greater than was antici-
pated.
Impkkul-Empi&x. — The main south drift on
• 2000ft level is being steadily pressed for-
ward to connect with the north drift from the
Ye. low Jacket on the same level.
Caowx Pocrr. — Daily yield, 550 tons of ore,
keeping the mills all steadily running. The
ore breasts show no change for the week past.
Prospecting oq the IGOO-ft level bas made no
aew developments o I importance. Work will
be resumed in a day or two more at the 170O-
A station.
Osigixil Gold Hill. -Cross-cut No. 2,
south, at the 340- ft .lerel, Is in fair grade ore,
and shows improvement ss further progress is
sde into the ore body.
Hnn A Xoacaoas. — The west cross-cut on
the 2100-ft level is still pressed vigorously
lead, the face in ledge material.
Goru> k Cubbt. — Tbe north drift on the
1700-ft lerel is being driven vigorously ahead
to connect wiih the Best k Belcher south
drift
Bcllion. — The ledge developments on the
JUOOfi level of the Imperial shaft continue to
improve as the work advances, with every in-
dication of the finding of a pay mine.
Lout Beta*. — The main west drift on tbe
380-ft level has penetrated the ledge for a dis-
of 30 ft, which &t this point is solid white
quartz, of the most encouraging character, car-
lying spots of fine ore. The red, oxydized
ores, found on the levels above, have appar-
ently all disappeared, and tbe ledge is assum-
a 1 the essential characteristics of the Com-
The south drift on this level has not
reached the ore vein. Tbe face of the
b south drift on the 250-ft level is still in
of a good quality, as is also that of tbe
drift on the 170-ft lerel. The main south
on the 80-ft level has developed a fine
of milling ore, further to tbe southward
any heretofore found, one that promises
t lasting development of much value.
Bei/thee.— Daily yield, 500 tons of ore. The
ire for the past week shows a slight improve-
ment in quality, and there seems no prospect
-.- of a diminution of the yield. "Work
it all points on the 1500-ft level is again being
rleoTOUsly prosecuted.
Bccxete! — Tbe prospect? of the mine are of
inch an encouraging character that it has been,
laeided to erect more powerfil machinery for
ts development. The new machinery is to be
4 sufficient power to sink tbe shaft to a depth
H 1500 or 2000 ft.
Chollab-Potosi. — Sinking the main incline
■making fair progress. The south drift on the
[S50-f: level is also making rapid progress, the
see in soft porphyry. Grading for the new
posabination shaft is making all the progress
■sllii
1 Kllgaba. — Sinking the mpin shaft is iwaVrwg
■tendid progress, tbe ore vein at the bottom
inowing a steady improvement as greater
lepth is attained.
1 Amaz n. — The cross-cut now being run to in-
ert* pt the ledge at the 100 ft station is in 20
l and will soon reach the ore vein. This por-
fkan of tbe Comstock ledge is b *gi nning 10 at-
tract considerable attention, and it is conn-
entlj expected that pay ore will be found in
pis cross- -*ot.
e— The drift south at the 800-ft level
It in softer and more favorable vein material
>3an te-eiofbre.
8cccoa. — Preparations are being made to
jctract ore from the stopes opened in the drifts
in from the bottom of the shaft, east of the
m.
Best <fc BELcaEB.-r-The rock in the face of
lis sou.h drift from the bottom of the winze
la the 1700-ft Tevel coutmoes extremely hurd.
Jacob Little C0X6. — Good ore cont nutB to
3 met with io the northeast drift, some of
hich gives Li;.h issays.
;.~ Sas Fbascisco. — Sinking the main
laft is mating the usual seady and favorable
rogress, t&e rock in the bottom working fitely.
waxxe-FaBGO.— -Three shifts of bands, work-
si night and day, are making Lvely work in
nking the shaft, and drifting at the 130-6
level. Very promising - and favorable material
is met with at both points. '
Ovebmas. — Draining the water from the bot-
tom of the abaft is making favorable headway.
No work is yet being done on the 900-ft level.
Mexican. —The winze below tbe 1405-ft level
is down 12 ft in quartz and ore of a highly en-
couraging character.
Arizona.
atiKLXo Items.— Ariaona CUUen, May 15:
The Silver King, Pinal mountains, is now down
nine it and richer than ever.
Welch's new discovery, five miles north of
the "King" is said to be half silver.
Florence, the county east of Pinal countv,
depopulated on ac to ant of the above informa-
tion, only four person* remaining to take care
of the women and children.
"Pike" came in Thursday from tbe moon*
tains with the richest lot of specimens ever
brought here, and r*-por.'s rich veins in the dif-
ferent parts of the Pinal.
Parties who have visited the Quacharty pro-
nounce it a true and rich mine and negotiations
are now pending for its purchase. In tbe
hands of parties able to conduct operations on
a large »-cale there is no question but these val-
uable mines would be made to produce im-
menselv.
The Young America copper mine Is begin-
ning to receive returns from shipments made
to California and receive over $100 per ton
profit. This is chimed to be the most val-
uable copper mine on the globe;
Colorado.
Bcllion.— Georgetown Miner, May 15: The
silver bullion shipped by the Stewart silver
reducing company for the two weeks ending
May 11th, amouoted to $15,948. The Juda k
Crosby reduction works shipped during same
time $8,645.
Low Gbade Obbs.— There has never been a
time, in this mining camp, when more interest
was manifested in the great veins carrying low
grade ores, than at present. The immense
veins that have been for years neglected will
soon be paying tribute to industry and enter-
prise. It only remained for the time to arrive
when enterprise, guided by experience, should
construct dressing works calculated 10 con-
dense the wealth locked up in these great "ore
channels," to make them yield the wealth they
have so long securely held locked up in the
chambers of tbe hills, and that time is at hand.
GrsrvA. — Through the efforts of James Teal,
in England, a strong company has been organ-
ized, which has bought and will work a mine
in Geneva district. As soon as the snow melts
on the Range, Mr. Teal will commence oper-
ations.
Fbom Downieville and Mill City comeB en-'
couraging news. Several mines have lately
been discovered that show large bodies of
mineral, and are befng rapidly developed. Old
neglected claim?, which litigation has paralyzed,
have been re-located, and are receiving due at-'
tention, white our high prices for ore have
stimulated the owners of many mines to fresh
efforts.
Idaho.
Orn Mixes. — Owyhee Avalanche, May 22:
Reports of the condition and prospects of the
mine in this vicinity are quite encouraging,
and there is every indication that the season
will be one of marked activity and prosperity.
The developments in many of tbe leading mines
are of the most hopeful character, and fully
justify our recent predictions concerning the
extent of the yield the coming summer.
Goldes Chabiot. — The developments within
the past week are tbe most promising of any
that have ever yet come to light in this or any
oher section of the Pacific slope. The samples
of the new ores which are now on exhibition at
the office of Superintendent Keown fully justify
this statement. They are from a ledge of the
Chariot which has long been supposed to have
an existence, and which, both as regards the
quality and quantity of the ore, is a remark-
ably important development. The ledge was
discovered from the old workings on. the second
level, following a vein running west of sou'.h,
which led Into the main vein 30 feet west, par-
allel with the old vein of the Chariot. It bears
characteristics of the true din, the ore being
eurpasningly rich, and in the best walls of the
m ne, demonstrating that the ledge of tbe. mine
has now been reached. By cutting west on
different levels, anew mine of untold wealth
presents itself.
South Chabiot. — Tbe 10th level drift is corn-
ing into good ore. The 9th level drifts, north
and south, are in good ore, that in the sou>h
being no doubt a portion of the rich chimney
recently opened in the lower levels of the Ma-
hogany mine, and tbe superintendent thinks
that the same class of ore will be encountered
on the 10th and 11th levels, which will be
reached in the course cf two months. The
proFpecta of the mine are steadily improving.
Mahogast. — Superintendent Corey, under
dale of the l&th iLst.. reports that large bodies
of high grade ore are being opened on tbe 9th
and 10ih level*. Tbey con'inue to widen and
lengthen as they axe opened. Mi ling will be,
commenced about tbe 1st of June, when it is
anticipated that the results will come up to tbe
most sanguine expectations of all ioteresttd.
All work at tbe mine is in progress as usual.
Red Jaceet. — The developments in this mine
for tbe past week have been very satisfactory.
Wab .Eagle. — ThiB mine is said to be looking
better throughout its entire work than it has
ever looked before. The New York mill is kept
constanly at work on its ore, of which there is
a lame quantity on hand at the mine, and is
now being hauled to tbe mill.
Montana.
Misrxo Items. — Helena Independent, May 8:
Silver Star, in Madison county, expects to have
three mills running ere long. Hoisting works
will be put on the Green Campbell lode, and
Mr. Everett will give bis attention to tbe busi-
ness of tbe company this season.
Wadamtt k Shenon.of Bannack, have enough
ore out to run their mills through the summer.
Bragg A: Peck have been working all winter
on the Del Norte lode, Bine Wing district,
t iking ont rich ore.
At Vipood, tipurr k Co., Collins, Patton,
Shalom, Wunderlich, Bobecker, Wilber and
others, are takiog out good ore, which they
hope to convert into money this summer. Tbe
ore assays from $50 to $200 per ton, and can
be reduced here at considerable profit.
At Divide, Mr. Riser's reverberatory smeller
bss more than paid for itself, though only
operated for a short time before the cold snap,
and is now running with a splendid prospect
ahead. All the material for building, lining
and hearth was found near the site, and the
peculiar tier of the ores in camps near by are
such as to enable tbe works to run steadily at
a profit to proprietor and mine owners. Wun-
derlich and Ebler are to be congratulated on
their success.
Oregon.
Cleajc-Up. — Bedrock Demoarat, May 19:
Powers k Co., of Bye valley, made a clean-up
from a short run in their placer claims, and
bad the proceeds run into a bar at the assay
office of J. W. Virtue on last Monday. The
bar was worth $2500. We understand the
claims are welding and prospecting better than
e»*r before.
Yibtck.— (Telegram) Bullion shipped on the
25th, $ 11,000.
Bale.-— Coos Bay .Record, May 19: It is re-
ported that the Eagle mining company has
sold its blick sand claim. The terms are not
made public as yet.
Industrial Items.
The Los Angeles Express ol the 20th says:
The car for the prismoidal railway came down
on the Orizaba, As soon as it reaches the city
it will be tried on the section of track 200 feet
long which has been prepared for the experi-
ment, and if the test proves satisfactory the
work will be begun at once on several prismoidal
roads. No doubt is entertained bat that the
experiment will prove a success.
Bepobts are to the effect that the Carson
river ib lower than ever before at this season-of
the year. Even the wood drivers are In de-
spair, and the mill men are fast joining them.
The wood-drive comes down so slowly that
great Him cult y is apprehended in getting the
full sujiftr
Mes-b*. CI rk k Baughman, a firm from
Quincy, Illinois, will start an organ manufac-
tory in this State, and although they made
their sample instruments in Oakland, the Pet-
aluma Argus thinks they will establish their
manufactory permanently in Petaluma.
The Alaska Commercial company of this city
has entered into a contract with Cramp k Sons,
whose works are on the Delaware river, by
which the latter will construct a first-class
thousand ton steamer for the Northern trade.
The last Legislature of Arizona passed an
act awarding a premium of $5,000 for the first
artesian water obtained at a greater depth than
50 iJ feet, or $3,000 for artesian water obtained
at a less depth, in that Territory.
The Democrat sayB Santa Boss has now an
opportunity to erect a woolen mill. H. Bale
& Son, of Petersburg, Illinois, are willing to
bring their mill to California and take one-third
the capital stock.
The Los Angeles papers think the oil wells
of that section will some day rival those of
Venango county, Pennsylvania, or at least
yield a better profit to the producer.
The Salt Lake Herald says that the amount
which the Engliah parries are to have for con-
structing tbe Portland, DalleB and Salt Lake
railroad is $28,000 per mile.
Wokojek are engaged in putting machinery
in place in the Petaluma woolen mill, and if
no unlooked for event transpires, the factory
will be in operation within two weeks.
The machinery of the California broom fac
lory h'is been moved to South Vallejo, and tbe
manufacture of brooms will hereafter be con-
ducted there.
Visalia expects to have gas works; the
illuminating property being derived from crude
petroleum.
A Mrs. Bla<_-ebtjbn. of Merced, is supplying
the community with n^ c:rpet woven by her-
self.
The Petaluma cheese-factory trill -L-ake 15U
tons of cheese this year.
The Virginia, Nevada. Chronicle has again
changed hands. Mr. D E. McCarthy, formerly
of the San Francisco Chronicle, is now the sole
proprietor.
Akotheb explosion at the Hazard powder
works. Three widows mourn the fatality
which leaves their children fatherless.
Hints on the Washoe Process.
(Continued from but week.]
The Crushing in the Battery, Continued.
This is not s very heavy loss, and. besides,
most of this gold can be collected in the ilime
yard, while of the remainder much is so fine
that it is doubtful if quicksilver in the battery
would catch it. The saving, then, is very
&mall, if there be any, on ordinary ores. Ifut,
on the other band, it is not practicable to nse
quicksilver without a mechanical loss; and the
quicksilver being more or less charged with
gold, tbe loss of such as is not gathered and
united involves more or less gold also. Every
casting, such as a shoe or die, in the battery is
full of flaws and blow-boles. Hard gold amal-
gam collects in these, and in spite of the most
careful picking and breaking, (to say nothing
of the occasional carelessneas of workmen,)
every shoe and die, when used up and thrown
away, contains a very considerable amount of
gold amalgam. The cracks io tbe woodtn
troughs get filled with gold amalgam; the set-
tling vats or tanks have their seams, after a
long time, calked with it; and in the slime
yards will be found some of the gold partially
amalgamated. Why should we, then, amalgam-
ate in the battery, when we know tbat, ex-
cept a very small and doubtful saving from the
gold of the slimes, (which seems offset by the
mechanical losses above alluded to,) all this
gold is saved just as thoroughly in the cast-
iron pans? The pulp is not concentrated be-
fore entering the pan*. If it underwent such
a process, of course there would be additional
chance of loss of fine gold, an additional
argument for amalgamation in battery. It will
be perceived that the reasoning just given ap-
plies, therefore, to the Washoe process, and
not necessarily to gold mills where pans are
not used. Yet even then tbe practice of amal-
gamation in battery in not universal nor, indeed,
the best.
The Settling in the Vats or Tanks.
There should be as many tanks as possible,
in order to settle the maximum quantity of
blimee inside the mill; and tbe system should
be so arranged that as each tank is emptied of
sand, the escape or waste water can be turned
into it. Each tank thus becomes in turn the
final one of the series, and receives all tbe
water after settling through all the other tanks.
There should never be more than three tanks
full of sand; the remainder, even if there are
twenty of tbein, should be used for the settling
of the slimes in tbe water.
Eachtankful of sand mast be settled or pre-
pared so that the contents can be easily hand-
led with the shovels, and charged into the car
for transfer to the pane. In other words, the
superfluous water must be removed; and this
should be done without allowing the slimes to
pass out of tbe tank, only to be carried by tbe
current through the other tanks, and thus be
driven ahead constantly toward the escape.
Hence, it is as well not to settle the sand at all
till tbe tank is full of sand. Then let the spout
be turn'-d into the next tank, and put in the
ploga of tbe full one, thus cutting off commu-
nication and isolating this tsnk, after which
the sand may be settled with crowbar aud
shovel, and the water baled out.
The ore is now in the shape of a wet, coarse
sand, called pulp, containing, according to its
original nature and the character of tbe crush-
ing, more or less slime, (locally called "slum.*')
So far the process has been entirely mechan-
ical, and the efficiency which has been achieved
in this part of the treatment is measured by
mechanical tests. The result with the ar-
rangements above described may be summa-
rized as follows; forty-eight tons of hard ore,
crushed with twenty stamps of 650 pounds,
dropping eight and a half inohes ninety-five
times a minute,- the ore from the breaker being
fine, and No. 4 screen being used. This is,
per twenty-four hours, two and four-tentb
tons per stamp, or 1.39 tons per horse-power
developed.
The Treatment of the Pulp in.the Pans.
There are many different styles of pans. I
prefer the Wheeler for a small pan, and tbe
bteveneon mold-board pan where a large one ie
desired. The general principle is the same.
The ore ie to be heated and ground thoroughly
to an impalpable substance; an active motion
or circulation given to the pulp; the silver
thoroughly reduced; the gold thoroughly
brightened and cleaned from ite occasional in-
timate mechanical mixture with foreign min-
erals; and finally, the gold and silver are to be
as entirely as possible taken up by the quick-
silver. Chemicals are used, partly to reduce
the ore, partly to save quicksilver and keep it
clean, and partly to reduce by cheaper means
what would otherwise be reduced at the ex-
pense of the quicksilver.
(To be Continued.)
The following portion of the programme for
the celebration of the Centennial of our Inde-
pendence has already been perfected: Presi-
dent of the day, the President of the United
Siatt6; Orators, Charlos Francis Adams of
M .*«ft»hu*ett«», aad Lucius Q. C. Lamar, of
U asi-w ].;.i: Po"t. H. W. Loayf-Uow, of Mas-
Bsehusettfl; Beadfi ' ■ f the Declaration of
Independence, Kaiph Waldo E uersorJ, of Mas-
sachusetts; Grand Marshal, General YV. T.
Sherman; Master of Ceremonies, General Job.
E. Johnston^
The Kern County Courier has changed hands,
and the last issue presents an improved ap-
pearance.
350
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 29, 1875
=
. 1 '
PopJL^f\ LecjiJ^es.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Fourteenth Lecture Delivered before the University of
California College of Agriculture, on Monday, Feb-
ruary 8th, by Prof. 0. E. Bebsey.
[Continued from our laet issue.]
Ornamental Plants.
In the Virginia oreeper, Ampdopsis quinque-
folia, found east of the Bocky Mountains, we
get one of the finest deciduous vines that we
have.
In a little order, very nearly allied to the
vine family, the order Meliaceoe, a small group
of two hnndred species, tropical shrubs and
trees, we find the mahogany tree; and as it is
a tree of great commercial value, it is worthy of
speoial notice. This tree is the Swietenia mahog-
ani, found in Jamaica and tropical America, a
large tree with ash-like leaves. Very frequently
thev can get the trunks large, enough so that
that they will square from four to five feet.
Jamaica cedar, which also comes into this
market from the island of Jamaica, is Cedrda
odorala, a large tree resembling mahogany.
The only thing I need mention here is, that it
is not a oedar. It stands nearer to the maples
than the other trees. G. australis, found here
also in the market, is a good, large tree, some-'
times ten feet in diameter, yielding very valua-
ble wood. Satin wood, of which you can see
specimens at the furniture shops, is Ckloroxyhn,
(the species I don't know) from the East Indies;
and then again in another allied family, a very
small one, of some fifty species, we get what
is called zebra wood, areddish brown wood, with
peculiar zebra-like markings upon it, (Ompha-
labium Lambertii.)
It is a good sized tree found in South America.
The wood is fine. These are of great impor-
tance to furniture makers especially. We pass
now to another family, the
Flax Family,
IAnacecs, containing about one hundred species
of herbaoeous of Bmall, shrubby plants. They
are usually rather a natural speoies, and are
found mostly in temperate regions.
The only plant of importance to us is the
oommon flax, Linum usitatissimum, which has
been grown for nobody knows how long, We
find the remains of linen fabrics among the re-
mains of the pre-historic lake dwellings, in
Switzerland. You know that within the last
few years discoveries have been made about
those lakes, archaeologists finding that some
people lived there long before the period of
which history gives any account. Among other
discoveries are these remains of linen fabrics,
proving the use of linen to have been known at
a very ancient period.
Mummy Cloths
Are found in a good many cases to be made
of linen also. The plant, now grown almost
everywhere in the temperate climates, seems to
be peculiarly well adapted to all climates, can
be grown in temperate climates as well as down
next to the tropics; it is accordingly grown
very largely. Its fiber, which belongs to the
outer portions of the stem, is separated from
the remainder simply by breaking it up and
then by carefully combing out the bark and
woody portions.
In order to facilitate this it is subjected to a
sort of rotting process, either artificial or in
the open air, and is allowed to lie for some
time, and then it is broken up.
Within the last few years some French
chemists have been experimenting on the flax
fiber, with a view to making it finer, as all our
fiber is somewhat coarse. These chemists,
knowing very well the nature of the fiber, that
it is simply a hallow tube, tried soakiDg it in an
acid solution, then washed this out, then used a
certain alkaline solution, then soaked it in a
solution of a carbonate — some carbonate which
had a greatdeal of carbonic acid init,eto.,the ob-
ject being to burst open the fibers. The result
was that the flax was very much finer than it
otherwise would have been. In that way the
"Cottonized Flax,"
As it is termed, was made. It was supposed at
one time it would be brought into general use,
but for some reason it is not used as much as
perhaps it deserves to be. In some countries
where flax is grown, the seeds are gathered and
used for the manufacture of oil, which is the
linseed oil so largely used in all paints, and
the crushed seeds are manufactured into what is
called cake meal, used for feeding oattle.
Parsing 1 1 the next group, the tea family, the
order Camdliacecs, embraces trees or shrubs,
mostly of the hotter parts of the globe — in faot
none are to be found in the colder climates.
About 130 species are known, and of these the
plant of most importance is the t-a plant, Tliea
Ckinensis. (fig. 2,) a small sized 'tree, growing
ten or fifteen feet in hight and supposed to be a
native of Assam; it is a little country just north
of the bay of Bengal; and from. this country it
was carried eastward into China and Japan.
It is now grown largely throughout China,
Japan and to some extent in some other coun-
tries with a climate somewhat similar. In
your botanies you will probably find that in-
stead of one species given for the tea tr* e you
will have two speci- s. This comes from a
mistake made by the earlier botanists. We
have in the mark* ts what is called green and
black tea. Botanists firbt thought that these
Were derived from different plants. Later in-
vestigations show that they are derived from
he same species. In procuring tea, the pro-
cess is this: simply gathering the leaves, and
more or less rapidly drying of them. If the;
are dried very rapidly, so that no fermentation
takes place, the product is green tea. If they
are dried slowly, so that fermentation begins,
the product is a black tea; and there you get
the essential difference. There is another ele-
ment that may come in to determine the green-
ness or the blackness of the tea. If the earliest
leaves are taken, the first growth of small
leaves, it is much easier to make green tea than
if the old ones are taken. So that they do not
need to be as careful with the early as with the
later growth, to determine whether the tea
shall be green or black, while from old leaves
they cannot make anything but the black tea.
Now, whether green tea is better because it has
not been partially fermented, or not, I cannot
say. Possibly.it is, my taste would Bay that it
was. [Student. — "I have heard. Professor, that
green tea was the tea leaves dried on copper,
and that there was an acid came out of the
leaves, as it were, which gave color to the
leaves."] That statement has been made, and
if you attempt to look up the matter thoroughly,
you will find that the observers make all sorts
of statements. m Now, in some books you will
find that there is one variety of green and an-
other variety of black. That, we know
to be a misstatement. Others state that the
difference is due to packing. That is, some
observers, seeing the manner in which the na-
tives separate the young leaves from the old ,
have been led to this conclusion. Others give
another story, saying it was entirely due to
manipulation. The fact is this, that all these
might have something to do with the determin-
ing of the variety of the tea. Some very poi-
sonous coloring matter has been used; bo that a
great many years ago many people stopped
using green. tea on that account; but the facts
are as I have essentially given them. Peculiar
varieties are obtained by selection and manip-
ulation; and under the head of manipulation,
of course, you will get the use of coppers and
all that. They are results of different methods
of growing, or, just simply slight differences.
Of course, you understand, only a Blight differ-
ence would give another variety. Now,
Teas Can be Grown in California
And in very many States east of the MissiB-
Fig. 2. Leaves and Flowers of Tea Plant,
sippi. This has been tried here, but labor is
socostly we cannot manipulate it, cannot roll
it, cannot gather it leaf by leaf; and you see
that you cannot go and take a stem and take
all the leaves. They have to be carefully
picked.
So they found they could not produce tea
after it was actually grown, and so, of course,
it was given up.
Now, if our ingenious mechanics here can
give us some maohines which will do the work
which has hitherto been done just by hand —
all of our beBt teas have been rolled leaf by
leaf — if that work
Can be Done by Machines
There is no reason in the world why we cannot
grow all the tea wanted on this coast; also, all
wanted on the Atlantic coast. There is a
curious thing about this matter of tea. The
demand is wonderful— almost beyond belief.
We brought into this port here, last year,
more than fourteen million pouhdB; of course
a considerable amount of it was reshipped,
sent across the continent; and yet, about a
hundred years ago the first tea was taken to
England; about a hundred years ago it was first
taken to Europe and introduced there, and yet,
in this time we have so changed our habits that
the demand is such an immense one as I
have just given you. Taking the statistics for
the past few years I find that the proportion of
value is about this: Fourteen million pounds
of tea are valued at
About Five Million Dollars
When brought here. Now you see the im-
mense'profit that there must be in it right here
at home. The more you 8 ndy up this matter
of tea the more 3 on will be astonished, and yon
will find yourself especially astonished at the
cheapness of it where it is produced. At the
present time you can buy it for almost noth-
ing. And then, when you opnsiderthe amount
of labor given to it, and the transporting of it
hundreds and thousands of miles, the only
wonder is that we do not have to pay more
for i' than we do.
I will hastdy call your attention to the re-
maining matter I have on the board, "because I
canDot spend any more time on this subject of
economic botany. I have upon the board the
nvtllow family, order Malcacece.
It is made up of herbs, shrubs and trees, in-
cluding about 1,000 species. It has some rep-
resentatives in the temperate regions, but they
grow mostly in the tropios. Under these Is the
most important plant in the world, the cotton
plant, Gossypium kerbaceum. growing in places
about five or six feet in hight. It produces
cotton which is made up of little fibers. It is
found native in the East, in the Asiatic coun-
tries and in the tombs of the Incas; in Central
America and in Mexico we find the remains of
cotton fabrics. The question is, how they got
there. It is cultivated now almost all over the
globe, and very largely in the United States.
It is biennial, triennial, or annual, just
as it is treated. The one that we have
specimens of here is the species cailed herba-
ceum, and is the one mostly grown. They
plant it in the East about as they plant Indian
corn, in March or April, and pick it along in
the latter part of the year. In the Mississippi
valley it yields 357 pounds per acre, that is
about a bale per acre. In 1858, 3,000.000 bales
were produced there. Now, to illustrate the
dependence that agricultural labors have upon
mechanical inventions, I simply will call your
attention to the invention of the cotton gin.
In 1793 Whitney invented a maohine for sepa-
rating the seed.i from the cotton fiber. If you
try by hand to do that, you will find the process
tedious. Before he invented that machine it
took a man about a day to get out a .pound of
cotton. By his machine, after it was improved
a little, a man was able to separate 300 pounds,
so that it increased one man's . usefulness just
three hundred fold. The next thing that is
needed, and the thing that will make it possible
to grow cotton in California, is a
Machine to Pick the Cotton.
It will not do to cut the whole growth down
and take it to the barn or stack to be afterwards
separated. The field must be gone over time
after time, and if when the pods burst open,
rain oomes, there is danger of their being
spoiled. The need ion is, for some Eli Whit-
ney to get up, or invent, something by which
this can be easily gathered. Its culture in Cal-
ifornia will have to be deferred until that time;
you. cannot do the work cheap' enough, unless
you can train Chinamen. But I am told after-
a time they become as well accustomed to de-
mand high wages as other people.
This, (alluding to speoimens,) is the Califor-
nia cotton, very good, too.
Under the poppy family, Papaveracece, we
have a hundred speoies, milky, narcotio plants,
including the one of greatest importance, the
opium plant, Papaver s&mniferum of Asia
Minor and India.
Under the magnolia family, we get trees
again, and the most important is this great
soft wood tree of the east, the tulip tree; or
white wood, or yellow poplar (Liriodendron
tulipifera), the best soft wood', perhaps, in the
world; grown only in the United States, east
of the Mississippi river.
Wood and Iron in Building.
This is much more nearly the age of iron
than any which has preceded it. The age of
wood is passing. In every part of the world,
the demand for timber is so great, that forests
are being cut down at a rate which threatens to
leave the earth's surface in afew years desolate
and bare. Metal must become an object of in-
creasing use, and iron, as the strongest and
choapect of metals, will be most generally em-
ployed. Ship-building has already taken a
very decided turn in that direction, which is
due in a great measure to economy in the use
of metal. In houses and public buildings
iron is used for many purposes which were at
one time entirely oocupied by wood. In this
country the plentifulness of timber has been
a great source of injury rather than of benefit.
We have used it in many ways wasteful and
dangerous, and the fact that more property is
destroyed by fire in the United States than in
any other country in the world is to be attrib
ted to the reckless u'se of wood in our build-
ings. But we have already reached the bound-
ary of this extravagance.
In the next place, it is a matter of complaint
that the supply is lessening with such rapidity
that it will be absolutely necessary not only to
create legal obstructions to the course of ex-
travagance, but to encourage the planting of
trees, in the hope of producing wood for future
advantage. In building, although the use of
timber continues, it is by no means as common
as it was a few years ago. The frame bou-e i-
a novelty in Ihe cities. Brick and stone re-
place it. The shingle roof is becoming scarcer.
Iron, and tinned iron, and various roofiugcom-
positions have superseded the shingle. Som:
of the latter Rre not improvements in the line
of inflammability, but they show lhat the cy-
press shingle is becoming scarcer, and necessity
requires the U6e of other materials. The dimi-
nution in ther/se of wood for building purposes
will reduce the risks from fires. Buildings of
stone, brick and iron, in which wood is em-
ployed for no purpbse, would be practically
fire-proof, and stand in the way of those des-
tructive conflagrations which sweep through
our great cities, causing tremendous destruc-
tion of valuable property. The in- u-ance com-
panies have it in their power to aid in a gie it
work by offering politics at rednced rates for
fire-proof, or nearly fire proof houses. This
might be done with great advantage. The
problem is one of necessity, a solution of
which can not much longer be deferred. — Am-
erican Builder.
Antique and Walnut Furniture Finished
in Oil or Wax.
This style of furniture is very effective if the
design is appropriate. The French oall it the
style Renaissance, or revival of old style. In
removing ancient buildings there were many
fine sculptured oak panels (copies of those
found in the Vatican at Borne, and designed by
Baphael, Michael Angelo, and other celebrated
artists,) the wood 01 which, from age, had
become very dark. They were adapted to
book-cases, cabinets, etc., in connection with
new oak. The new wood was dyed with nutgalls
to match the panels, and all finished in oil or
wax. This was to bring Ihe carvings out in
bold relief, as varnishing or bright polish
destroys the effect .
The oolor of Amerioan walnut, when oiled,
approaches very near the color of dark old
oak, and finishes much finer. American wal-
nut requires the grain to be well filled with a
composition to resist the action of the heat of
our dwellings, and mere oiling will not do, as
it leaves the pores of the wood so opm that it
absorbs the heat; in a room at a temperatore
of seventy-five degrees the oiled walnut will
absorb the heat to within five degrees of that
of the room, whilst varnished oak will reflect
the heat, and will not reach over forty-five to
fifty degrees. It is therefore important to have
wood well seasoned and the grain filled With
shellac or other material to prevent shrinkage.
If the furniture is well varnished it is easily
renovated by rubbing with a rag moistened
with turpentine and linseed oil, in equal parts.
If not properly finished and the dust collects in
the pores of the wood bo much that it will not
wipe off, the application of oil and turpentine
will restore the color, and a very light coating
of shellac will protect it in a great measure.
If nothing but oil is in the wood, it is best to,
have a cabinet maker finish it properly, other-'
wise it mast be'oiled every time it looks rusty.
Linseed oil hardens wood, and well made wal-
nut work, finished with it and shellac, will in
a few years become polished almost like bronze.
The Frenoh use this finish only on sculptured
work or on very fine root walnut veneers in
connection with ebony mouldings. They| do
not use it as a finish for plain furniture, but
use a polish made of gum shellac and alco-
hol, applied by manipulation, using a wooden
pad, moistened with polish, enclosed in a soft
old linen rag. It makes a fine soft finish and
wears well in a humid climate; but evaporates
soon in ours. Wax is UBed on walnut when
the natural oolor is to be preserved, and in
connection with ebony mouldings, polished
finely, the effect is beautiful. This style is the
favorite in Europe, and will no doubt become
popular here. — The Cabinet Maker.
The European larch has such a fine grain,
and is so exempt from cracking that painters
use it for their pallettes and to paint pictures
on ; for this purpose it was used by the ancients;
several of Baphael's paintings are on larch
wood. Its beautiful color and capability of
high polish adapt it well for oabinet work.
The late Duke of Athol, (the great larch
planter,) several years before his death had
boards of it sawn to make his -coffin. At bis
death they, were sent to a cabinet maker to be
worked for that purpose, and in them he wag
buried. While lying in slate, and the people
passed to view the body, their persons were
reflected by its lubtrous polish.
Kemoving Paint fbom Windows.— Inexperi-
enced painters, when painting window-casings
and sashes, frequently spatter paint in minute
dots over the surface of many of the panes,
where it is left until it becomes dry and hard.
Neat workmen always have a clean cloth or
sponge, which is dipped in a little spirits of
turpentine, and the paint is rubbed off before
it has dried. After the paint has become dry
and hard, strong soapsuds will not remove it
without a vast deal of hard rubbing. The
most economical way to remove dry paint from
the panes is to make a small swab having a
handle some eight inches long, dip it in a little
diluted oxalio acid, and rub off the paint with
the swab.
The Elbeb. — It has been said that the elder
tree supplies us with the softest kind of tim-
ber,"as well as that which is the most easily
split; and yet experience shows us - that in the
water it is the most enduring of all. But, soft
as it is, it sustains the greater part of the city
of Venice, for the massive buildings stand
upon piles of elder .whioh have been for ages
sunk in the sea. No other timber could have
endured so long under the great burden and
ihe rotting power of the water, and formed
such a sure and lasting - foundation for that
nibl= city.
To paint on zinc, make a weak solution of
•ulphate of copper and wash the zino wih it,
then v a-h it afterwards with hot water. When
dry, it will take any paint you wish to lay on.
Mix your colors with turpentine, and not with
oil, adding a little good varnish, that the colors
may dry a dead face. When completed, var-
nish with good copal, your paint will not
blister, and ihe colors will be bright and
durable.
English Ibon in the United States.— Last
year no English railroad iron was brought into
the Unittd Slates, except on the Pacific coast.
Some Bssemrr steel rails were also imported
under Ihe name of iron. In 1873 English rails
declined in the United States from $73 to $58
per ton. In December, 1874, they had sunk to
$19 or $50.
a.
111
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May ag, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
351
Us^fllL l(<fOFlP4TION-
The Fahrenheit Thermometer.
"Zero," on the common thermometer, like
the fanciful names of the constellations, is a
carious instance of the way wist* men's errors
axe made immortal hy becoming popular. It
may be worth wbile to say that the word itself
cornea to u-s through the Spanish from the Ara-
bic, and means empty, bene nothing;. In ex-
pressions like " 90J Fabr.,'' ih« abbreviation
Fiihr. HtaDds for Fahrenheit, a Prussian mer-
chant of Duntzic, on tbe shores of tho Baltic
tea. His full name was Gabriel Daniel Fahr-
enheit.
From a boy be was a close observer of nature,
and when only nineteen years old, in the re-
markably cold winter of 1700, he experimented
by putting snow and salt, together and noticed
that it produced a degree of cold equal to the
coldest clay ol that year. As that d iy was the
coldest the oldest inhabitant could remember,
Gaoiiel was (he more struck wiih the coinci-
dence of bis little scientific discovery, and
hastily ooncluded that he h u.l found the lowest
degree of temperature kuo^n in the wo<ld,
either natural or artificial. He called that de-
gree zero, and oont-tructed a thermometer, or a
rude weather glass, with a scale graduated np
from zero to the boiling point, which he num-
tered 212, and freezing point 32— because, aB
he thought, mercury contracted the 32d of its
volume on being cooled down from the tem-
reratnte of freezing water to zero; and expanded
8Utb on being heated from the freezing to the
boiling point.
Time showed that this arrangement, instead
of being truly scientific, was as arbitrary as
the divi-iou of the Bible into verses and chap-
ters, and that these two points no more repre-
sented tbe real extremes of temperature than
"from Dao t > Betr»htba" expresses the exaot
extremes of Palestine.
But Fahrenheit's thermometer has been widely
adopted, with its inconvenient scale; and none
thought of any better urtil his name became
an authority, for Fahrenheit finally abandoned
trade and gave himself to science. Then habit
made people cling to the established scale, as
habit makes the English cling to the old sys-
tem of cumbrous fractional money.
Our nation began to use Fahrenheit's ther-
mc meter about the middle of tbe last century,
or not far from the time when old style was ex-
changed for new style in tbe writing of dates.
Tbe three countries which use Fahrenheit
are Holland, Eogland and America. Russia
and Germany use Reaumur's thermometer, in
which the boiling point is counted 80°
above freez ng point. France uses the centi-
grade thermometer, so called because it marks
the boiling point 100 - from freezing point.
On many accounts the centigrade system is
the best, and the triumph of convenience will
be attained when zero is made the freezing
poi'.t, and when the boiling point is put 100 or
1,000"-' from it, and all the subdivisions are
fixed decimally.
If Fahrenheit had done this at first, or even
if he had made it one of bis many improve-
ments, after the public adopted his error, the
luck of opportunity, which was really his,
would have secured to his Invention the patron-
age of the world. — Ex.
Foreign Talent as an Aid to Pboobess. —
Some countries, such as Russia for instance,
have always done their best to attract foreign
workmen, foreign artists, foreign talent of
every sort, conceding special rights and immu-
nities to the valuable colonists whose skill and
knowledge silently help to reclaim the natives
from barbarism. But for such importations
from England, Holland and Germany the great
empire of the Czars would not at the accession
of Peter the Great have possessed a ship, or a
sailor to navigate it, -or a foundry for oannon.
Some famous old manufactures are now all
bnt extinct in the birthplace of the art. To-
ledo and Damascus no longer fnrni-h their his-
toric sword-blades to half a world; Florence
and Mantua no longer clothe Europe; the Ven-
etian glass has been but artificially revived, for
none can chain the subtle sprite Prosperity to
their chariot wheels; and when greed or neglect
has brought about the period of decay, it is but
a blank prospect that awaits native industry.
How to Mare Oil Lamps Safe. — A great
many accidents are happening every day from
the use of kerosene. I will tell you a method
by which they can be to a great extent pre-
vented, and I hope you will publish it for the
benefit of poor people, who are obliged to buy
cheap oils. If the body of the lamp is filled
with cotton, such as jewelers use to wrap their
articles in, after it is stuffed lightly it will re-
ceive one-half the quantity of oil which it would
if the cotton were not put in. If any accident
happens, the oil cannot spill or flow about; but
is, as it were, "sopped up" in tbe cotton,
which burns like a fagot, but all in one place.
— Ex.
To Rendeb Papeb Opaque and Again
Tbanspabent. — It is worth knowing that it one
volume of castor oil be dissolved in two or
three volumes of spirits of wine it will render
paper transparent, and, the spirit rapidly
evaporating, the paper, in a few minutes, be-
comes fit for use. A drawing in pencil or in
Indian ink can thus be. made, and )f the paper
is placed in spirits of wine, the oil is dissolved
out, restoring the paper to its original condi-
tion. This is the discovery of Herr Fuscher.
Gbekn Bignzx ov Ison.— A prooass for pro-
ducing a green bronze on iron, deviled by
Paul Weiikopf, is given by JHngler's Journal
as follows: One part of sylvate of silver is dis-
solved in twenty parts of oil of lavender, form-
ing a sort of varnish, which imparts a beauti-
ful and permanent green bronze appearance to
oast and wrought iron, sheet iron and wire.
The surface to be bronzed is cleansed and dried,
but need not b« polished. The varnish is
thinly applied with a camel's hair brash, and
the oljett heated quickly to 300° Fabr. Tbe
proper temperature is indicated when the
article shows a bright green color which is even
all over it. To produce a bronze drawing,
Venetian turpentine or colophonium solution
is t-ubsiituted for part of the lavender oil. It
is better to rub up the dry sylvate of silver
with resin in a mortar or on a palette, and
then add enough lavender oil to make it as
thin as ordinary paint. Articles of iron
bronzed in this way oan afterward be electro-
plated.
Liquid Pabohment. — According to Dr. Hoff-
man, a fluid by this name, consisting of gutta-
percha softened and soaked in ether, is espe-
cially adapted for forming a coating for pic-
tures and cards, it permitting the removal of
dirt with a moist rag. Penoil and orayon
drawings may be rendered ineffaceable by
sprinkling with this liquid by meana of an at-
omizer, an exceedingly delicate film remaining
On the evaporation of the ether.
Making Bbittle Gold Steono. — Gold iB
sometimes so brittle that the jeweler can not
well work it; this is probably due to phosphor-
us, wbiob, being no metal, is of course not de-
tected in the assay. The remedy is to pass
chlorin gas through the molten gold, by which
treatment most of the gold which had other-
wise to be set aside as uofit for certain kinds
of work, can be redeemed.
Cement to Unite Bbass and Wood. — The
English Mechanic says the best cement for this
purpose is a glue oomposed of best gelatine one
part, glacial acetic acid one part. Soak the
gelatine in cold water until it has swollen up
and become quite soft. Throw away the water
and dissolve the gelatine in the acetic acid,
applying gentle heat if necessary.
Qood HE1LTH°
Copper in the Human Organism.
Recent experiments by M. Bergeron demon-
strate, the presence of traces of copper in the
human body. The organs examined were the
livers and kidneys; and in fourteen instances
copper was detected. The experiments were
made with 800 to 1,000 grammes of organic
materials in each case. Special precautions
were taken to prevent the accidental introduc-
tion of copper into the solution undergoing
analysis. A. special chamber was constructed
containing no copper; the laboratory tables
were of wood; the "balance, water-baths, gas-
burners, etc., were of iron; and the filter paper,
distilled water and reagents were carefully
tested, and found to be free from this metal.
The organs were heated in a large porcelain
capsule to complete dryness, and afterwards to
carbonization. Incineration of the carbona
opous mass was performed in a muffle furnace
at a low temperature.
The ash, treated with nitric acid, evaporated
to dryness and, redissolved in water, pro-
duced a solution which gave reactions for cop-
per— with ammonia, with ferrocyanide of po-
tassium, and with polished steel.
In eleven cases, the organs being taken from
individuals varying in age from seventeen to
fifty-eight, the maximum amount of copper
found was .002 grms.; the minimum amount
.0007 grms. In one case, the individual being
seventy-eight years of age, the amount of cop-
per was found to be .003 grms. In six other
cases, where foetal organs were examined, cop-
per was detected in minute traces.
The copper existing in the organism is with-
out doubt introduced in the use of food.
The use of copper vessels, the daily contact
with various objecls of copper or brass, coins,
keys, etc, introduce in our organs traces of
copper, of which the greater part is eliminated;
bnt there remains in a state of combination a
minute trace of the metal; which ii found in
the liver and the kidneys, and this is true
whatever the age, Bex or mode of life, and
averages, .002 grammes in weight.
Treatment of Wounds. — A wound prodnced
by a sharp cutting instrnment will heal without
trouble when the edges are nicely brought to-
gether and then kept so', and left without
putting on any salve, provided the access of air
is not shut off and the individual possesses a
constitution not undermined by the excessive
use of drink or the results of other vices.
If the wound is produced by a rusty nail or
a similar cause, so as to be jagged, it will soon
become very inflamed, and in such a case it is
recommended to smoke the wound with burning
wool or woolen cloth. It is said that twenty
minutes in the smoke of wool will take the pain
out of the worst wound, and that repeated once
or twice it will allay tbe worst case of inflamma-
tion arising from a wound. It is claimed to
have saved many lives and relieved much pain,
and assuredly it is worth trying.
Typhoid Fever.
If you knock a man down, he may rise up
again, but after two or three such knookings,
he loses the power of rising. In ordinary
fevers the system has a recuperative power, es-
pecially when the weight of the malady has
been removed by suitable medicine; but when
that recuperative power is lost, the system will
not rise to health, although medicine has done
all that was expected from it, and the patient
dies. This inability may exist in all forms of
disease. "Typhoid" means "like typhus," and
typbna itself means "stupor," a kind of sleep
or death. There is a growing tendency in all
diseases "to take on the typhoid type," which
simply means that the constitutions of the
people are growing weaker and weaker,
less and less oapable of resisting the
onsets of disease; hence a less amount of
sickness kills now than formerly; and added to
this, physicians of every grade havo observed
that their patients can't bear as large dosts
of medicine as heretofore; and the tendency is
to give less and at longer intervals, aud wait
and see "what nature will do." The practical
use to be made by the reader of these facts is
to habituate himself to a greater watchfulness
against the causes of all disease, and to a
greater care of himself when he is sick; and
this care should be observed in three main
directions:
1. In recovering from any form of disease,
keep abundantly and comfortably warm.
2. Studiously avoid taking cold.
3. Watch against over-exercise for several
days or weeks,
4. Eat very moderately and at regular inter-
vals, of plain, nourishing food.
If these lour things are observed, relapses
would be rare, and the patient would be saved.
The most difficult of the four is to avoid eating
too much; there is special danger of yielding to
a craving for some particular kind of food.
We knew an estimable lady who was happily
recovering from an attack of typhoid fevtr, but
she had such a strong desire for a sweet potato
that it was allowed her; in less than an hour
the symptoms became unfavorable and she died
the next day.
The sleepiness or stupor arises from the fact
that the brain, and thenoe the whole nervous
system, is oppressed by the disease; is weighed
down ; can't act; goes to sleep and dies! — Hall's
Journal.
A Man Dies of the Hiccoughs. — One of the
most singular cases of death that ever came
within our province to mention, is that of Mil-
ton W. Blair, of Louisa county, who died
last week in a town in California, of the hic-
coughs. Mr. Blairis an old merchant of Louisa
county, but has not been engaged iu business
for a number of years. He has been residing
near Morning Sun since retiring from business.
Last fall he was attacked with a fit of hiccough-
ing, which continued for some weeks, with
scarcely any intermission. Becoming alarmed
at the long continuance of the spell, Mr. Blair
came to Burlington to consult with -a doctor,
who, after treating him awhile, declared he
could give him no relief. From this city he
proceeded to Chicago, and consulted the best
medical authorities there, who did all in their
power for him, but could not relieve him. By
their advice he went to California, accompa-
nied by his sister, thinking that the change of
climate would help him; remaining in that
State to the time of his death, hiccoughing al-
most continually, and having but few intervals
of rest. The continued strain and distress
wore him to a mere shadow of his former self,
and last week his sister telegraphed to friends
and relatives in this and Louisa counties that
he was dead, and she was bringing his remains
on for burial.— Burlington (loioa) Hawkey e.
Walking exercise, as a means of health, is
the most practical and universally available of
all other forms; it promotes the activity of the
circulation; it enlivens the spirits; exhilarates
both body and brain, and, not least, it costs
nothing. But to take a lively, active, brisk,
cheerful walk, which infuses a new energy into
the whole being, there should be a well-fitting
shoe, and feet undeformed by corn or bunion,
or other distortion; but, standing at any point
on Broadway, and taking the first hundred
persons over twenty years of age, for examina-
tion as to the condition of the feet, we may
feel very sure of not finding half a dozen
which are natural. It fairly makes one shiver
to look at the exposed foot of any adult — ugly
protuberances, bony excrescences, turned-in
nails, ptled-up toes, and skin nil mottled and
scarred by excessive binding or ill-fitting shoes,
all inclining us to pity human nature, if not to
despise it, for unnecessarily submitting to the
numerous evils arising from the unnatural
conditions referred to.
The DtTEATioN of Life. — Tue ol w"'hg faefs
on the duration of life appear in a (jeriuan pa-
per : In ancient Rome.during the period between
the years 200 and 300 A. D., the average dura-
tion of life among the upper olasses was 30
years. In the present century, among the
same classes of people, it amounts to 50 years.
In the sixteenth century the mean duration of
life in Geneva was 21.21 years, between 1814
and 1833 it was 40.68, and at the present time as
many people live to 70 years of age as 300 years
ago lived to the age of 43.
Domestic EcopopY*
The Art of Cooking— No. 2.
Fbyino. — That part of cooking is not as dif-
ficult as it ib generally believed, and properly
fried objects are good and do not taste greasy.
To fry requires care, and nothing fried will
taste greasy if it has been dropped in fat prop-
erly heated and in enoagh of it to immerse tho
object. When an object tastes greasy, it is not
becanse it has been fried in grease, but because
there was not enough of it, or beoause it was
not properly heated, for, if heated enough, it
closes the pores of the object and carbonizes
the exterior, so that it cannot absorb any.
Roasting.— When an object is plaoed on the
spit acoording to directions, rememb-r that it
oannot be basted too often. The time necessary
for roasting a pieoe of meat, or anything else,
dependB as much npon the fire as upon the na-
ture of the meat. Meat especially requires to
be placed very near the fire at first, and then
put back by degrees. There is nearly as much
difference between roasted and baked meat as
there is between broiled and fried meat. It
is generally admitted here that English roast
beef is so superior to American roast beef that
it cannot be compared to it. It is not in the
quality of the meat that the difference lies,
but in the process of cooking. Meat cannot
be roasted in an oven, be it in an ordinary or
in a patented one. That peouliar flavor in
roa-ted meat is prodnced by the air coming con-
stantly in contract with the heated meat while
revolving on the spit. Gold roast meat, when
desired to be served warm, is enveloped in a
buttered paper and plaoed on the spit just long
enough to warm it.
Seasoning.— This is the most diffloult part in
the ecienoe of oooking. To season is not diffi-
cult, but to season properly is quite another
thing. It is not only necessary to know well
how to stew or roast a pieoe of meat or any-
thing else, but to know how to season it, to be
able to judge what quantity and what kin 1 of
spices can be used to season such or such a
dish, to what extent all the spices used agree
together, and what taste and flavor they will
give to the object with which they are oooked ;
for, if not properly used, tbey may just as
likely destroy the taste and flavor of tbe objeot
as improve it Some dishes require high and
much seasoning, others just the contrary.
With a good fire and a good spit it is not neces-
sary to be a thorough cook to roast a pieoe well,
but the oook is indispensable to mix the gravy
or sauoe with the proper seasonings.
Simmkeing. — Simmering differs from boiling
only in the amonnt of heat allowed under the
boiler, kettle, or pan. To simmer is to boil as
gently and slowly as possible.
SrawiNG. — To stew properly it is necessary
to have a moderate fire and even as possible.
A brisk fire wonld canse much steam to evap-
orate, which steam is the flavor of the object
stewed. — The Housekeeper.
Routine Work.
The recurring duties whioh the change of
seasons brings naturally suggests the faot that
the greater part of the life of the average man
and woman is spent in doing the same thing
right over and over and over again. Every
spring .the housewife renews her house, in
order, in cleanliness, in comfort, reclothes the
members of her family, and makes dne prep-
aration for the summer. She does essentially
at this time the very same thing that she did the
last season, that she will do the next. If she is
a good housekeeper, each succeeding season
mukes the task easier because she is more ao-
customed to it and should know how to take* it
to better advantage than over before, but the
task is still the same.
The farmer plows the same fields that he
plowed last spring, harrows them, plants them,
and then goes over them again and again and
again with hoe or cultivator till the harvest, so
far as he oan make it so, is secure. The mer-
chant takes account of stock just as he did last
year, lays in his goods for the summer season,
deepens and widens the channels of his trade,
if possible, but lets the channels remain the
same. In like manner the mason, the carpen-
ter, the compositor, tbe teaoher, the editor, the
lawyer, the physician, minister, do over the
same work from week to week, from month to
month, from year to year, with variations so
Blight that the routine seems essentially the
same. Of oourse all this monotony sometimes
gets tiresome and we olamor for a change and
fancy that some other mode of industry will be
easier and more agreeable than that which cir-
oumatance or choice has made ours— that some-
body else is better off in this respect than we
are. But when we get inside of the life of that
somebody else we find that routine work makes
up the larger portion of it, and that without
the mastery of routine work in the lower fields
success in the higher ones had never been at-
tained. The biographies of all who have
achieved nobly, shows this so plainly that he
who runs may read. — N. Y. Tribune.
To CLAniiry DuipprxG. — Put the dripping
into a basin; pour ever it bailing water, in
which a teaspoonful of salt has been dissolved,
and keep stirring the whole to wash away the
impurities, let it stand to cool, when the water
and dirty sediment will settle at the bottom.
Repeat this operation at least twice with fresh
water. When cold, remove the dripping from
the water and melt it into jars.
352
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC
PRESS.
[May 29, 1875
W. B. EWER 8ENT0B EDITOE.
DEWEY «fc CO., PTitolisllere.
A. T. DEWEY,
W. B. EWEE,
0E0. H. STRONG
JNO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansomo St., S. E.
of California St., San Francisco,
Subscription and Advertising- Rates:
Subbobtptionh payable n advance — For one year, $4
fix 'months, $2.25: three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Beglstered letters or P. O. orders at oar risk
AnvErmsnra Rates. — 1 week. 1 month. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.U0 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
Oneinch 1.50 4.00 12.00 40.00
Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearing
i n extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
nS67ted at special rates.
Sample Copies.— Occasionally we send copies of this
paper to persons who we believe would be benefited
by subscribing for it, or willing to asEist us in extendr
ing its circulation. We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
San. Francisco:
Saturday Morning, May 29, 1875
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL . EDITORIALS. — " Sheep Back "
Bocks: Improved Quicksilver Furnace; Improved
Rock Drill, 345. Among the Foundries; Chances
for Finding Mines; Short Lectures on Patents; En-
gineering Items; San Francisco Microscopical Soci-
ety, 362. Gravel Mining; Mint Operations; New
Patent Camp Lounge; Notices of Recent Patents,
353. General News Items; Patents and Inventions,
357.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— View on Eoches Montonnes
Creek, Colorado; Cutler's Improved Quicksilver Fur-
nace, 345. Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom,
350- LadieB' Camping Lounge; New Patent Camp
Lounge, 353.
MECHANICAL PROQRESS.— Progress in Iron
Work; Expansion and Contraction of 'Boilers; The
Extension of the Iron Trade in Japan; A Gun Manu-
factured in an hour; American Ordnance — A Novelty
in Gun Manufacture; Beoipe for a Cement for Mend-
ing Steam Boilers; Needle Making, 347.
SCIENTIFIC PRO&RESS.— The New Method
of Electric Illumination; A New Earthquake Indi-
cator: Safety-Lamps not Always Safe — and Why?
New Method of Preserving Meat: The Planet Uranus;
Failure of Copper Sulphate; Music from Gas Jets;
New Electro Process; Interesting Discovery, 347.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho and Montana, 348-9.
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 350-
USEFUL INFORMATION. — The Fahrenheit
Thermometer; Foreign Talent aB an Aid to Progress;
How to Make Oil Lamps Safe; To Bender Paper
Opaque and Again Transparent; Green Bronze on
Iron; Liquid Parchment; Making Brittle Gold Strong;
Cement to Unite Brass and Wood, 351.
GOOD HEALTH. -Copper in the Human Organ-
ism; Treatment of Wounds; Typhoid Fever; A Man
Dies of the Hiccoughs; The Duration of Life, 351.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— The Art of Cooking-
No. 2; Eoutine Work; To Clarify Dripping, 351.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Franoisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments,
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 356.
MISCELLANEOUS.— The Stock-Jobbing Jugger-
naut; Etna Sulphur Mine; The New California Mill;
Agricultural and Mining Land; Decisions in Mining
Land OaBes; The Bichmoqd Bennery; A Quicksilver
Bonanza, 346. Wood and Iron in Building; Antique
and Walnut Furniture Finished in Oil or Wax- Re-
moving Paint from Windows; The Elder; English
Iron in the United States, 350.
Among the Foundries.
Kisdon & Tower, managers of the Pacific
Boiler, Sheet Iron and Water Pipe Works, are
now engaged in making the boilers for the new
"C & C" shaft on the Consolidated Virginia
and California mines on the Comstock. They
are also making two sets of boilers to go to Pan-
amint mining district. They are making boil-
ers to go to Peru, and have a large amount of
other work contracted for. Fifty men are em-
ployed at these works, all kinds of boiler and
sheet iron work being done and high and low
pressure boilers built and repaired. The of-
fioe and works are 118 and 120 Fremont street,
between Mission and Howard. Mr. J. N. Kis-
don was formerly of Coffee & Kisdon and Kisdon
Iron Works, and Mr. Charles Tower was for-
merly foreman in the boiler works of the same
institutions.
Large amounts of mining machinery are at
present being made by our looal foundry and
maohine shops. This has perhaps been the
busiest season in this direction our f oundrymen
have ever experienced. The machinery being
madi is mostly of a heavy and expensive char-
acter and of tbe most improved patterns.
Scarcely any of the foundries are without or-
ders for mining machinery of some kind.
At the Paoifio Iron Works, on First street,
the immense hoisting works for the Joint shaft
of the Consolidated Virginia and California
mines on tbe Comstock, are rapidly approacn-
iDgcompletion. We described tbe machinery
in detail a lew weeks since, so that our readers
probably remember its large proporlions. It
will be the heaviest machinery od the Com-
stock.
At the Datton mine laying of the founda-
lit ns, and the ertction of the new and power-
ful hoisiiug and pumping machinery is being
pushed to completion with all the energy pos-
sible.
Chances for Finding Mines.
The limits of the areas on the Pacific slope
which are unexplored by the prospector, are of
course being gradually reduced, but there still
remains much country which, for all practical
purposes, is unknown to the miner. It is not
enough for his purpose that nearly all parts of
the country are, even when not settled up, oc-
casionally visited by hunters, stock men, etc.,
or run over hastily by people not seeking pre-
cious metals. ' Every day fresh discoveries are
being made in places which have had a small
population in the vicinity for years, and we have
no reason to assume that a tract contains no
gold, silver, lead, coal or quicksilver, because
up to the present time it has not attracted the
attention of the miner. The prospector has
not to travel far to find new country, and in
the neighborhood of older mining districts
there are many tracts yet undeveloped. More-
over, there are many claims which were aban-
doned years ago, before perfect appliances for
saving the precious metals were thought of,
and when labor and food was high.
It is, moreover, by no means certain that be-
cause other prospectors have passed over
ground that there is nothing to be found.
Many of us remember instances where ground
was supposed to have been thoroughly pros-
pected, and after perhaps a hundred different
men had gone over it, another man would
come along and strike it rich. The writer
recollects having camped in one locality a
week with three other prospectors, and thor-
oughly worked over a small section, finding
nothing. Two weeks after two men camped at
the same spring, and found a vein cropping
out, which, after working about three years,
they sold for $130,000. This vein was not 200
yards from the spring -where the oamps were
located, and the first party had passed over the
croppings, which were small, many times with-
out seeing them. This is by no means an
isolated case.
Many old miners, however, prefer to work
and re- work well known gulleys and flats rather
than si end their time in making trials in new
ground. It is often stated that in new camps,
the miners, curiously enough, almost always
accidentally open the richest claims first; but
those who make this statement do not always
take care to examine the facts. At first any
new discovery— the finding of any rich pocket,
excited the public mind, and even without ex-
aggeration, the facts made known in the early
days of our gold mining were startling; but
more extraordinary results are obtained now,
week after week, than many which occurred in
early days.
When we read a paragraph in a newspaper
informing the pu'olic that the last clean-up of
such a claim was $60,000, or such a mine is
raising 200 tons of ore per day, worth $150 per
ton, there is neither surprise nor exoitement.
The public has become accustomed to regard
these as ordinary occurrences, and fails to con-
trast them with what was presented to their
observation ten or fifteen years ago. In Cali-
fornia, this is more particularly noticeable in
quartz mining.
In fact, the prosperity of California mining,
paradoxically, stands in the way of its advance-
ment. If our miners were not well off, if they
had not good machinery and appliances to aid
them, if they were obliged only'to select the
richest rock, and pound it up in a mortar, as is
often done in new camps, the results of their
labors when made known would attract hun-
dreds to the .mines. But merged in averages
and given in bulk, they fail to convey intelli-
gence which excites the mind. In many cases,
if miners had to select the rock, as in early
days they used only the richest dirt, results
now often obtained would seem so extraor-
dinary as almost to exceed belief.
Take California, for example, with regard to
new mines. Ten years ago it was thought
that at this time there would not be a thousand
miners in the State, but there are more than
ever before. All this time with quicksilver as
valuable as it was, there were only two or three
mines of this character being worksd. Last
year, when the price of the article was very
high and a new mine or two was found, pros-
pectors started in all directions, and the result
wars that many people found the precious metal
almost under their noses, on their ranches, near
their towns and in all directions. It has been
found in all the coast counties from Mendocino
to San Diego and away back in the interior.
The measure of the success of the mines
must not be gauged by our exoorts alone, nor
must it be gauged altogether by the published
statements of bullion product. Immense sums
have been expended in all the mining States
and Territories in the construction of roads,
ditches, mills, machinery, etc. In many places
large towns, with fine buildings, etc , show
that no small share of the wealth the mioes
have yielded has been profitably used in turn-
ing the wilderness into a habitable abode. In
many places where a few years ago man's step
was unknown, we hear now tbe roar of hun-
dreds of stampheads, the rush of water, and
see the hills stiipped of their trees, the streams
elevated from then natural beds, fine houses,
wide t-treets, tall chimneys, churches, theaters,
etc If in some places there has been a profuse
outlay, it has not be>-n that of the spendthrift,
but rather that of the wise, enlightened and
perhaps too liheral population, who have faith
in their prospects, and show it more in deeds
than words.
Short Lectures on Patents.
No. 6— By JnO. L„Boonb, of Dewey & Co's Mining and
Scientific Bbess Patent Agency.
Re-Issues.
If the patent covers more than the inventor
is entitled to claim, or if it does not cover all
that he might claim, it can be re-issued and
the trouble remedied. There is no limit to the
number of times that a patent can be re-issued.
In applying for a re-issue a new or amended
specification, and new or amended elaims are
presented to the Patent Office for action. If
the application is granted the old patent must
be delivered up and a new patent or re-issue is
issued to the inventor, and tbe new patentwill
stand in lieu of the one originally issued. A
re-issue does not extend the life of the patent
but it will expire on the day that the original
patent would have expired had it not been re-
issued. A re-issue is not retroactive in its
operation. It cannot reach the infringer of the
original patent if the original patent could not
do so, and, even then the infringement must be
continued after the date of the re-issue. The
old patent stands as a repealed act while
the re-issued patent goes into foroe on the day
of its issue.
Nothing can be claimed in a re-issue which
does not appear in the application on which
the original patent was issued. The specifica-
tions can be re-written entire, new claims may
be substituted instead of the old, but no new
matter, nothing discovered or Invented sinoe
the issue of the eld patent can be embodied in
it. An application for, a re-issue is examined
the same as if it were an original application,
and the Patent Office can even reject a claim
which is contained in the original .patent if it
is embodied in the re-issue and is found on the
re-examination to be wanting in novelty. The
old patent must be delivered back to the Patent
Office if the re-issue application is granted, but
if it is rejected the patentee can withdraw his
old patent and hold it the same as if he had
not applied for a re-issue, and this is the case
even if a portion of the claims contained in the
old patent are rejected, but such a withdrawn
patent is liable to be defeated in a suit at law.
If a patentee has assigned an undivided in-
terest in his patent he cannot re-issue it with-
out first obtaining the consent of the assignee.
If two or more separate inventions are covered
by one original patent, the patentee can in a
re-issue make each invention the subject of a
separate application and receive a separate
patent for each.
To properly prepare a re-issue case requires
the greatest skill of the patent solicitor. It
involves not only the necessary legal knowl-
edge, but a thorough mechanical knowledge
of the principles involved in the invention.
He must develop in clear and unmistakable
terms the little mechanical points which unite
together to form the main idea, and he must
grasp the main and conneoted features, so as to
make legal and allowable claims on legitimate
and necessary combinations. It is the tearing
down of a poor or defeotive structure, in order
to build another and a perfect one in its stead
and with the same materials. Knowing the
defects of the original patent, and having had
the experience of actual practice and tests ob-
tained in his endeavor to introduce the inven-
tion to the public, it is expected that the inven-
tor will see that his patent covers the invention,
fully and completely, so as to hedge out pos-
sible infringers.
Usually the defects of a patent, if it has any,
are revealed Boon after the patentee introduces
his invention to the public. Our American
inventors do not often permit the patentee to
escape long if he makes a successful invention
without giving him cause to look to the scope
and validity of his patent. His only defence
if any flaw exists is in a re-issue. It is seldom
that the specification and claims of a patent
cannot be proved after the inventor has had
the experience of a year or two before the
public, and it is generally the case that the
Patent Office will allow broader and stronger
claims on a re-issue application than on an
original application. It is usually those who
are successful in introducing their inventions
that apply for reissues. The patents for in-
ventions which cannot be made pecuniarily
profitable are seldom interfered with by in-
ventors, and they do not therefore need to be
re-issued. It is the successful patents that need
to be strong to ward off infringers. It is there-
fore of the greatest importance that these caBes
be prepared carefully and by some person who
is skillful, both in law and in a knowledge of
mechanics.
Although the reissue is usually resorted to
for the purpose of enlarging the scope of the
patent, it is also used io lessen its scope whi-n
it contains more than the inveuior is entitled to.
It is well that the law provides a means for
remedying the defects in a patent. The coun-
try is over-run with a class of patent agents,
who know but little about the requirements of
a patent, and care less.' Their sole object is to
secure patents for their clients, no matter how
much or how little the patents cover, so long
as they receive their pay for getting ihem. If
the patentee does not succetd m iniroducing
his invention and mnkn^ money out of it, be
may never know how poor a patent he hold-*,
but if he is successful in his a t mpts to in-
troduce it he soon discovers th.it in order to
protect himself he must reissue his patent, and
claim what he -hould or might have ol.imed in
the first instance.
[To be continued.]
Engineering Items.
Woek is still being carried on at the Oakland
harbor improvements. Mr. Guerin is now
superintending the operations. The first oon-
traotor, being unable to fulfill his contract, was
removed, and the second lowest bidder is now
on the work.
Pbeliminabv operations are now being car-
ried on in San Diego for the improvement of
that harbor, by turning the San Diego river
into False bay. Gen. Alexander, Col. Stewart
and Lieut. Weeden of the U. S. Board of Engi-
neers are now in San Diego making the neces-
sary surveys.
The new revenue steamer for the Pacifio
coast is to be built by the Oregon Iron Works,
of Portland, Oregon, their bid being the low-
est—$92,000. The vessel is to be one of the
stauuehest in the service, and will be 145 ft
long, 23 ft breadth of beam and 11 ft depth of
hold. Her draft of water will be 10 ft 10 in,
and she will be of 227 tons custom-house
measurement. She is to be a propeller with a
vertical inverted engine, 34 in. diameter of cyl-
inder by 34 in. stroke, and provided with a sur-
face condenser. -
The following information may be useful to
our steamship ownerB. It is an extract from a
Glasgow journal of a recent date: "An inter-
esting paper was read before the graduates of
the Glasgow Engineers' and Shipbuilders' In-
stitution, on the 13th ult., on 'Corrosion of
Marine Boilers,' illustrated by sketches and
speoimens of boilerplates, angle iron and stays,
exhibiting the riddling effect of the agent to
which the metallic fragments had been sub-
jected. The result was attributed to the pres-
ence inside the boiler of a powerful, volatile,
fatty aoid, which speedily dissolved the surface
of the iron wherever it was unprotected by
the water. This acid is the issue of th» de-
composition of tallow, which is frequently in-
troduced to excess, for the purpose of prevent-
ing the annoying occurrence known to engi-
neers as 'priming.' In order to neutralize the
effect of the acid, the lecturer recommended
that pounded chalk should * be largely used in
boilers, as this substance, by forming a basis,
would render the acid inoperative."
San Francisco Microscopical Society.
ThiB hard working little society held its reg-
ular semi-monthly session last week. The
Committee on Annual Keception made a report
of.progress, stating that Mercantile Library hall
bad been engaged for Thursday evening, May
27th. Nearly all the members present handed
the committee a list of objeots which they would
exhibit on that occasion; and the favored ones
who receive tickets from the members to attend
the reception will find an exhibition most grat-
ifying and instructive. We acknowledge the
receipt of an invitation.
Mr. Hyde exhibited a sample of some wooden
slips which he had made from well-seasoned
Spanish mahogany and perforated with one
or more different sized apertures, which he
utilized as cells for dry mounting. The sides
were noticeable for lightness and durability,
but be stated that they were rather more ex-
pensive than glass slips.
Mr. Kinne exhibited a turn-table of his own
invention, which he stated could be attached
to any now in use, and by means of clamps,
levers and light spiral springs, automatically
fixed the slide in a central position for mount-
ing objeots, cell-making or finishing. The ap-
pliance was made by Will & Finck, of this city,
under the direction of the inventor, and its
finish and usefulness were both noted and re-
ceived the approbation of all present
As several members of the society who had
been interested and instructed by the papers
and remarks of Dr. Harkness on the vegetable
cell, were desirous of hearing and seeing some-
thing of analogous animal structure, the Dr.
had prepared a series of objects for exhibition,
which he introduced by a few remarks as to the
general characteristics of the animal in cell,
and which he fully described and alluded to as
the basis of life, all the tissues being eliminated
therefrom. Proceeding to the illustration of
the matter, he exhibited a number ot objects,
which had been prepared by himself and
mounted for the evening's study. The meet-
ings of this society are always well attended,
and great interest is manifested in the proceed-
ing-*, both by members and visitors.
Progress at the Sutro Tunnel.
The following is the report of progress in the
Satro tunnel, for week ending May 22, 1875:
Number of feet in tunnel, May 15 9,408
Number of feet driven during week 67
Distance in, May 22 9,475
Details of work performed, are as follows,
heading being 8x10 feet:
Holes drilled 460
Holes blasted 460
Holes re-blaeted .. .-. 76
Aggregate depth 2,530 feet
Average depth ..6 5-12 feet
Powder consumed 1,316 lbs
Expl odet s consu wed 540
Oar-luads 1 ST»
Six drill- instead of four, w.ll soon be set at
work, probably by the end of this wetk.
[Signed] A. Sutbo, Gen. Snpt.
May 29, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
393
Gravel Mining.
Generally throughout the State a short water
supply for hydraulic mining is expected, and
most of the gravel mining enterprises are being
poshed ahead with Tigor at present, to make
the most of the present abundant water supply.
The result of most of the operations coming
under our notice is quite favorable and tho a»-
gregato yield will ""doubtless be larger than
usual. In many localities new enterprises are
being started up and larger areas of ground
will next year oome under the pipe. In Cala-
veras oounty all the hydraulics are running
full banded and the tunnel claims are being
worked to the extent o( their capacity. The
Calaveras Chronicle states that a number of
abandoned claims have been re-located, and
there is no question but there are extensive
gravel fields within the reach of the water com-
pany's ditch, yet comparatively nnprospected,
that can and will be profitably worked. For
several years past, especially since the more
modern appliances for bydranlicing came into
nae, the gravel mining interest has been con-
stantly increasing in importance, until it has
reached a place second to none other in the
oounty. Further development in that direc-
tion is stimulated by the succors so uniformly
met with and the Chronicle thinks they can
safely calculate on a steady enlargement of the
field of operations.
In Plnmas oounty the recent strike of blue
gravel under the lava oap at Nelson Point
promises to be one o( the most important dis-
coveries made in the county for years. The
owners of the ground, Messrs. Pierson, Win-
ters & Jolly, have been pushing their tunnel
along, and although they are not on bedrook,
are getting splendid pay. The Plumas National
is credibly informed that the gravel in the top
of their tunnel prospects at the rate of twenty-
five centB to the pan. The layer of gravel is
from fifteen to twenty feet deep from the bed-
rook to the lava cap, and as it seems to run wher-
ever the lava is found, it gives promise of be-
ing very extensive. Considerable excitement
has been raised in mining circles, and the
ground, it is said, is already claimed for over
two miles. There is talk of making up a
company to start in another tunnel. Should
this prove to be the continuation of the blue
lead it will bring back the old-time flush times
to Nelson, and make it one Of the liveliest
mining camps in Plumas county.
Another strike in tbe ancient river channel
was recently made at the Eough and Ready
claim, on Table mountain, near Peoria Flat,
owned by the Tuolumne hydraulic mining com-
pany. The Tuolumne Independent states that
they have four feet of blue gravel in the face of
the tunnel, with an overlay of two feet of sec-
ondary wash, red gravel, which latter pros-
pects well. The former, the regular blue gravel,
prospects all through from one to two bits to
the pan. This claim was formerly worked
by hydraulic, and the red gravel was sup-
posed to be the cream of the mine, but after about
two years' trial the Superintendent conoluded
there must be another channel in the moun-
tain, which he went after with a determination
to find. He commenced tunneling, starting
from the old tunnel, which was 1200 feet in. He,
however, started from a point 800 feet from the
mouth, and commenced running levels up the
mountain, and struck the old river bed as be-
fore stated. Wherever this has been found in
Table mountain heretofore, the old channel has
proved immensely rich. Taking the lay of the
ground, they have probably the best thing yet
struck in the county. The gravel is expected
to average ten to twelve dollars to the car load,
and they are working night and day shifts.
The channel spoken of here, as most of our
readers probably know, runs through the whole
length of Tuolumne county, in Table moun-
tain, and spots equally rich have been found
in most cases where the old bed has been
reached. All up and down the mountain are
tnnnels given up years ago, many of which are
probably within a few feet of the old channel;
nut the coin and patience of old prospectors
gave out before they reached the reward which
will be reaped hereafter by those who have the
faith to invest. *
At Michigan bluff, Placer oounty, old miners
who reside there estimate that there are ten
thousand acres of good paying mining ground
in that divide now lying in its primitive state
for want of capital to open it up. Hydraulic
mining is extensively carried on at Michigan
bluff, but the Placer Herald thinks that tunnel
mining is bound to take the lead there. To
open and work a mine on this principle, as on
the hydraulic principle, requires extensive cap-
ital. Hence much of the ground in that sec-
tion— perhaps the best — has never yet been
tonched. There are many drift claims at or
near the bluff now, th it are being worked, but
not one tenth what might be. Several are now
beiug worked with profit and others are being
fitted up. The principal hydraulic mines now
in operation at Michigan bluff are the Big
Gun, Light Foot, Bnd Sage Hill. These and
other smaller mines in that vicinity have had
quite a successful . run, though their season is
destined to be short. The water is already be-
ginning to fail, and in a few days more tbe
ditch company will shut off the supply entirely
in order to repair and improve the diioh.
TheGene-ee Valley mine, in Plumas county,
recently incorporated, is a little mine which
has paid steadily in a modest way ever since it
was discovei ed and opened in 1854. No assess-
ments have been levied on it. This mine was
first worked as a hydraulic mine, yielding an
average of six or eight dollars per day to the
man. Tho bed rook exposed by tbe water
•bowed a perfect network of small veina of
decomposed quartz, some of them fabulously
rioh. As bigh as $70 hss been taken from a
single pan of this decomposed rock. When
tbe surface ground was exhausted a small mill
was erected, and its stamps have been busy
ever since, and always with good result*, and
the Xiiional is informed that the prospects of
the mine are to-day as good aa they ever were.
A oircumstance of this kind ought to encour-
age prospectors in other directions. In this
connection we notice tbe Grass Valley Union
recommends prospectors to try the head of
Squirrel oreek, in Nevada county, for qnartz.
A week or so aince a lot of beautiful gold nug-
gets, taken out of James Gassaway'fl claims, on
Osceola ravine, were shown in a Grass Valley
bank. The nuggets were valued in all at $450,
and the largest was worth $115. They oaine
from near the head of the ravine. Osceola ra-
vine empties into Squirrel oreek, and tbe oreek
has always been noted for having heavy lumps
of gold in its bed. It is quite probable that a
large quartz ledge exists somewhere near the
head of Squirrel oreek, and the Uni< n advises
prospectors to hunt it up.
Mint Operations.
Professor K. E. Rogers, of the University of
Pennsylvania, who arrived in this oity last
New Patent Camp Lounge.
To people wjo are accustomed to go on
camping trips every summer, and to hunters,
prospectors and others who frequently sleep
out of doors, the patent camp lounge shown
in our illustration on this page is of interest.
Aa may be seen from the engraving, it makes a
light compact couch, easily carried and capable
of being quickly arranged for use. The inven-
tion is simply a piece of canvas, which, when
stretched on a frame, forms a bed or lounge
Tbere are two side sticks, three feet nine inches
long, and two girths, one at the head and one at
the foot, forming the transverse portions of the
frame. The girth forming the head is straight,
and into its extremities the shanks of the
double ferrules are sorewed with right and left
band threads. The inner pair of ferrules re-
ceive tbe ends of the side sticks. The shanks
of the ferrules of the lower girth are arohed
so as to raise the hip of the person reoliniug
a short distance above the ground. The width
of the frame can be extended at pleasure. In
putting the couch together the side sticks are
inserted through the side hems and the head
eirth through un additional head piece. The
foot girth rests on the ground. The girths are
Notices of Recent Patents.
LADIES' CAMPING LOUNGE.
week, commenced immediately to prepare the
refinery for the mint. This refinery will have
a oapacity of 1,500,000 ounces per week. The
present refinery, at the corner of Brannau and
Seventh streets, is able to refine $1,000,000
morithly. The refinery at Carson has a
oapacity of $300,000 monthly, and that of New
York a capacity of $1,000,000 per month. No
refining is done at the Philadelphia mint, and
little elsewhere in the country. The aggregate
capacity of all the refineries of the United
States is at present far behind ,the production
of the precious metals, and likely for some
time to remain bo.
then turned to proper width and the oanvas
stretched lightly. In order to support the
lonnge at a suitable incline, two slicks are in-
serted in the outer ferrules of the double ferrules
on the head girth, said ferrules being formed at
right angles to those to which the . side sticks
are inserted. A loose piece of canvas is provided,
secured to the main portion, "and which rests
upon the ground beneath the lower portion of
the body and feet of the occupants. The
small compass and convenient shape into which
the device can be folded is shown in the small
cut. It comprises the head and front girths
and canvas.
It is not absolutely necessary to carry any of
POCKET BEDSTEAD.
TRADE MARK PATENTED.
CT, ~ SIDE STICKS CUT OM CAMPGROUND Sfl I
-gCAMP-LOUNGE FOLDED?*"-
" PUT UP 10 ONE MIHUTC, ■
;new patent camp lounge.
The United States mint, in this city, is the
finest establishment of the kind in the United
States, being able to coin $2,000,000 per
month in silver and $8,000,000 in gold. The
coinage for this month will probably amount to
about $3,500,000, making a total for the last
eleven months of $30,000,000. Double eagles
and twenty-five cent pieces are now being
coined, and the coinage of the twenty cent
pieces will soon be commenced. This new coin
is described as follows: "On the obverse side
a female figure sits, holding in her hand a pole
bearing the liberty cap, the whole representing
the usual figure of the Goddess of Liberty.
Underneath is the date of coinage, and sur-
rounding the figure are thirteen stars, repre-
senting the thirteen original States of tbe
Union. On tbe reverse side is the figure of an
eagle displayed, surrounded with the inscrip-
tion 'United States of America,' and the
denomination of the coin. A rim inside the
edge and the edge itself will be ribbed, as are
our other coins."
The new refining machinery is being put in
place as rapidly as possible, under the direc-
tion of Professor Rogers, who has been sent
out by the government for that purpose. It is
said that the Professor has some new methods,
which he will put to practical test, that will
greatly facilitate the process of refining.
■the wooden portions of the cottoh, except the
girths, as the side ond supporting sticks may
easity be cut from the forest when needed.
The legs or supporting sticks at the head have
two shoulders where the ferrules rest, one near
tho middle, which gives a short support when
the lounge is put upon a floor, the other at the
end being used when pitched in a tent or lawn,
where tbe legs can be driven into tbe ground.
This lounge works very well in a house, but
tbe entire luxury and perfection of the device
can only be appreciated out of doors when the
supporting sticks at the head can be driven-
into the ground. It forms a substitute for the
rubber, woollen and other blankets usually
carried to spread on the ground. It may be
pitched on uneven ground, securing a comforta-
ble resting place and giving any desirable eleva
tion of the bead. To. officers and soldiers of
the State militia this device would save much
cumbersome and expensive bedding. A great
advantage for a bed of this kind in camping out
is that it raises tbe body above the dampness of
the ground, an advantage of great sanitary im-
portance. Ladies camping out will appreciate
this fact. Tbe right to manufacture this lounge
in the State of New Yoik has been purchased
by the Empire Camp Lounge company, Albany,
New York. Those desiring further information
on this subject can address the United States
Camp Lounge company, Troy, New York. We
may state here that this lounge is furnished for
four dollars, currenoy^ and the postage to auy
part of the United States is eighty-five cents.
The joint east drift on the 1400-ft level
of the California has teen connected with the
north drift from the Virginia Consolidated,
greatly improving the ventilation of the mine
in tbat quarter. A joint winze has also b- en
The grading for the new started near the south line to connect the 1400
The new "C & C shaft" on the California
and Consolidated Virginia mines is making
rapid headway, the work being driven with all
the energy possible. The foundations for the
new machinery are fast approaching comple-
tion, and preparations for the erection of the
different portions are b>-ing forwarded with all
the speed possible,
mill is about completed.
1 and 1500-ft levels.
Among the patents reoently obtained through
Dewey ft Co. 'a Scientific Pbess American and
Foreign Patent Agency, the following are
worthy of mention :
IMPBOVEMENTO IN WmDMTXLS.— Albert H.
Sonthwiok, San Francisoo, Cal. This inven-
tion relates to improvements on the " Dexter "
windmill, whioh was patented by the same in-
ventor. The present improvements relate to
the construction of and arrangements for oper-
ating tho Bhnttere by which (he wind force is
admitted, regulated and out off entirely, when
desired, from the wind-wheel. In the "Dexter"
windmill a horizontal wind-wheel is mounted
inside of a suitable frame or awning and is
surrounded by a series of overlapping shutters,
mounted on suitable bearings and conneoted
together so that they can be simultaneously
opened and closed, so as to regulate the speed
of the wheel by gauging the quantity of wind
admitted to it. In constructing these shutters
the inventor secures. longitudinally along the
middle line and on each side of each shuiter, a
rib or batton, whioh will prevent it from warp-
ing; and to each end of the shutter is secured a
metal shoe which also aids in keeping it from
getting out of order.and preserves its easy move-
ment in its bearings. The bearings of the shut-
ters being made of metal, the shutters cannot
bend or become stiff. The inner or overlapped
edge of each shutter is made angular, so that
when the shutters are closed the angular edge
will fit closely against the inner outside edge of
the next shutter and make a tight joint. The
angular edge will also project inside of the
plane of the shutter and thus form a wing which
will receive the force of the wind as it Dasses
between the shutters. Therefore, when the wind
increases in force its action upon this wing will
tend to close the shutters in proportion to the
pressure of the wind. The rods which connect
the shutters are so seoured that tbe length of
the rod can be adjusted after it has been se-
cured in plaoe. To provide, for the simultaneous
adjustment of the shutters the upper gudgeon
of two opposite shutters is extended through
the ceiling of the frame or housing, so as to
provide a projeoting end above the ceiling, to
to which a crank arm is secured. A lever ex-
tends across above the wind-wheel and is piv-
oted at its middle so as to provide two arms.
One end or arm of the lever is connected with
each of the crank arms by a rod, so that by
moving the lever about its center or groove the
shutters are simultaneously opened or closed.
A cord is attached to each end of the lever and
extends down outside of the frame to within
easy reach of a person standing on the platform
of the mill. By drawing upon these ends the
lever is shifted and the shutters operated. The
shutters can be turned with precision and held
at any desired position. This invention greatly
improves the "Dexter" mill by obviating
faults which it has heretofore possessed.
Bit Stocx.^E. R Charles, Petaluma, So-
noma county, Cal. This is an improved tool
holder and bit stock, in whioh is a novel ar-
rangement for securing tools or bits in bandies,
so that they can be readily removea", and which
will at the same time hold the tool or bit se-
curely when fastened to the handle. The hole
in the end of the stock in which tbe base end
of the bit is inserted is made round, and along
one side of the hole is made a groove. The
inserted end of the tool is made round to fit
the hole and has a rib on one side whioh fitu
into the groove referred to. A short distance
from the end of the bit stook a groove is made
entirely around it, and in this groove is fitted a
ring with a milled edge, which can be turned by
the fingers. In the bottom of the groove in
whioh the ring fits is a slot on one side of the
groove, and on the inside of the ring is a pro-
jection so that when the ring is turned in one
direction the projection will be moved across
the groove. The rib in the base of the handle
has a recess cut in it at tbe proper point to
allow the projection on the ring to enter it
when the tool has been inserted in the stook
and the ring has been turned so as to bring the
projection across the groove, thus fixing the
tool firmly in the handleor stock. This arrange-
ment is quite simple and extremely strong,
while it is easily operated to place and remove
tools.
Bbake Blocks. — Wm. Hendricks, Milton,
Stanislaus county, Cal. This invention relates
to ceitain improvements in brake bars and the
secuiiogif the independent brake blooks to
these bars so th >t. tbe block is firmly held in its
p'ace. Tbe brake bar is not we iktnid by cut-
ting it away inside of tbe line of wheel and the
screw which operates to secure the block is
protected from injury from the outside. The
block can also be adjusted to accommodate the
increasing "dish" ot the Wheel by use.
The Black Hills. — A. company of cavalry
has passed through Dubuque, Iowa, en roote
to Yankton, Dakota. They were well equipped,
and iutend to keep a vigilant eye on the move-
ments toward the Black Hills. General Cus'ar
sfu s his expedition to the Black Hills will
leave Fort Lincoln June 1st, and if miners are
going into the Hills in large numbers, as West-
ern papers report, it will probably take tbe
whole summer to drive them out.
354
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 29, 1875
SAFE INVESTMENT.
The Pacific Coast Twelve Per Cent.
Consols.
NEW METHOD WITH ASSURED AD-
VANTAGES.
A rapidly growing interest la being token in the
Pacific Coast Twelve Per, Gent Consols, in consequence
of the many advantages offered in regard to invest-
ment, interest and dividends. So much uncertainty
exlBtB in connection with nearly all mining and other
speculative companies, there ie something very assur-
ing in an incorporation which not only guarantees
twelve per cent, per year to all stockholders, but pro-
vides (or the honest paymentof dividends. The Twelve
Per Cent. Consols were incorporated on the 12th of
February last, for the purpose of transacting a general
business in buying and selling mining properties, city
real estate, and agricultural and other lands, in the
States and Territories of the Pacific Coast.' Deter-
mined to do only a strictly legitimate business, the
Directors rejected the old method in vogue by mining
companies generally, and adopted a new one which
s icures to all part "s who become shareholders, equal
advantages in the bnainpss transacted. By the provis-
ions of the by laws,
A Sinking Fund
Is to be made of one-half the proceeds of the total cap-
tal stock, which shall be sold on the joint account of
the original co-owners. The stock will be classified as
follows: Sinking Fund, mining property, city real
estate and agricultural lands. Before any stock is
iisued in any clasB.'the property will be appraised by
the o\ynors, and the stated value entered upon the
bo ks of the Company. Shares for not more than fifty
per cent, of the valuation will he Issued in any of the
classes, and the amount of shares offered for sale in
any one cJaBS, exclusive of the saleB of stock in the
Sinking Fund, will not be allowed to exceed 50,000,
if sold at less than the par value of a dollar per share.
Guarantees of Safety.
In regard to the Sinking Fund, which will constitute
fifty per cent, of the par value of ttie Btock, all moneys
received as the proceeds of saleB oi stock on account of
the fund will be deposited with somo Bolvent banking
instituti m, which pays interest on deposits invested
in intereBt bearing Btocks, bondB and other securities,
which cau be realized on in thirty days, and in no case
■will it be lawful for the directors or trustees to invest
any moneys of the Sinking Fund In the purchase of
stocks, bonds or other securities of any incorporation
whatever, which shall have failed to pay interest or
dividends for a period of six months preceding any
proposed investment pertaining to the Sinking Fund
of the Company.
Payment oi Interest.
The bv-laws further make positive provision for the
payment of interest monthly on all stock Issued in
each class at the rate of twelve per cent, per annum,
payable on the 6th day of each month. Another im-
portant concession is that any shareholder has the
option to take stook in payment for interest at par
value in any clasB that may be preferred. No assess-
ment will be levied until the total stock of the Sinking
Fund shall have been sold and paid out as provided by
the by-laws. Indeed, so secure is the plan of the Com-
pany that in case the whole capital stock of the Company
should be soldjmmediately and the Sinking Fund in-
vested as provided, the proceedB would b^ sufficient to
pay the interest for eight years and a half on the total
capital Btock. Perhaps no other company in the world
has ever been able to present so brilliant a certainty.
Dividends.
Stockholders will not only be sure of their twelve
per cent, per annum, but will share In all the surplus
profits. The dividends will be paid from the profltB
and sales of property, and only on shareB of consols
that have been issued for property valued and entered
on the books of the Company. As there can be very
little question that the transactions Of the Company
will be very extensive, and that the profits will rapidly
reach something handsome, the dividend prospect
should serve as a strong inducement to stock pur-
chasers, for perhapB in no other direction can they be
positive of receiving one per cent, a month for money
invested, and almost a certainty of large yearly divi-
dends in addition.
A further provision cau be made at any time by the
Company by setting aBide the percentage agree* upon
of the sales of the properties of the Company. The
main object of the directors in to incorporate a more
legitimate and assured method of transacting business
in mining and property than has hitherto obtained on
this coast. They are therefore resolved to touch noth-
ing but bona fide investments, and to make it a rule to
have nothing to do with speculative values. Every
possible care will be taken to protect the interests of
shareholders; and in order that they may be constantly
posted in the transactions of the Company, a monthly
statement of affairs will be prepared by the officers,
and the books will be at all timeB open for inspection.
Shares for the first Beries issued for mining property
In Washoe, Storey and Lyon counties, and on the Corn-
stock lode in Nevada, and for account of Sinking Fund,
will be ready for delivery to subscribers and purchasers
to-morrow, at Greenbaum & Co 's, 306 Montgomery
street. The set selling rate will be one-twenty, and the
buying rate one-nineteen. The principal office of the
Company is at 306 Montgomery street. T. Phelps is the
President, and W. 3. Beynolds the Secretary.
my22eowbp
Epilepsy or Fits.
A sure cure for this distressing complaint is now
made known in a treatiBe (of 48 octavo pages) on For-
eign and Native Herbal Preparations, published by Dr .
O. Phelps Brown. The prescription was discovered by
him in such a providential manner that he cannot con-
scientiously refuse to make it known, an it has cured
everybody who has used it for fits, never having failed
in a single case. The ingredients may be obtained
from any druggist. A copy sent free to all applicants
bymail. Address, Dr. O. PHELPS BROWN, 21 Grand
street, Jersey City, N. J,*
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers of
Stoves and Metals. Tinners' Goods, Tools and Machines;
111 and IT California St., 17 and 19 Itovis St., SaD Fran-
cisco, and 178 J St. Sacramento. mr.-ly
banking.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Seligrnan & Oo.
London Office i -No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 112 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, $1,500,000.
Remainder subject to call.
Dibeotobb IN London— Hon. Hugh McOalloch, Reuben
D. Sasaoon, William F. Scholfield, Isaac Seligrnan, Julius
Sington.
Managees:
F. F. JLOW und IONATZ STEINHART,
San Francisco.
The Bank is how prepared to open accounts, receive de-
EDOite, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and issue
etterB of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on proper securities.
2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SA.K FRANCISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOGG President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
R. N. VAN BBUNT .' Oanhior.
BANKING HOUSE.
No. 423 California street San Francisco.
Kotoise Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate cf Four per cent, upo*
dally balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Sold, Silver and Lead
Bnllior, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bnsh street, above Kearny SAN FRANCISCO
4v27tf O. MAHE, Director.
bii3ipe33 directory.
Q1LBS H. ARiT. J4VK5 H, BAVKfl.
GRAY & HAVEN,
VTTORNBYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
Ip Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
forniaann Leideadorff streets,
8AN FRANCTS^O
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street.
. W. corner Sacramento.
v ) instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GrlL-LOTT'S
STEELPENS.
Suld by alt Donlora throughout the World.
WM. BAHTLlfia. HEFEI KIMBALL.
BARTLTNG & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Solera and Blank Book Manufacturers.
505 Clay atreet, (southwest cor. Sansome),
svla-sm SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey h Co., Patent Agents ; Judge 8.
Heydenfeldt or 8. H. Haight. 6v28-8m
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER.
TJRAIXE
A MARK.
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden MineB,
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice iB given to consumers and shippers
that Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or his duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B. EANDOL, Manager,
New Almaden, April 5th, 1875.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Creese
40 to 50, pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BBAHMAS, GAMES, -f*^W&^, Black
HOUDANS. tfffMy* CAYUGA DUCKS
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to hatch after arrival on
any part of the Coilsi. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address
M. STBS, Napa, Oal.
[Please state where you Baw this advertiament.]
Female Complaints should be cured, as they often
on be, by a few doses of Ay er's Sarsaparilla.
ieoli3 Notices.
Ayerill Chemical Paint,
MANUFACTURED BY. THE
Oa.l. Chemical Faint; Co.
PURE WHITE, AND ANT SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY FOE
APPLICATION — requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not spoil by standing any length of time.
It in Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces a more Beautiful Finish than the beet of an;
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack, or Peel off, and will
last twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, state whether for Outside or In-
side use, as we manufacture an inside White (Flat) for
inside use, which will not turn yellow, and produces
a finish superior to any other White known.
Put up in hi, 3$, 1,2 and 5- gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information Bend for Sample Card and
Price List, or apply to the office.
OFFICE and DEPOT:
117 Pine Street, near Front.
8v9-eow-bp-ly
FACTORY:
Cor. 4th k Townsend Sts.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
CATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory'B Diamond
Catarrh Remedy, never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
centB per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Fran-
cisco, Oal., opposite Palace Hotel. Sold by all drug-
gists.
. SEND FOR"
(circulars
I CONTAINING
Lo/rections i
\F0JUTS USE a
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and Foot Bot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep.
Prevents scratching- and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred sheep,
so that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
This Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
have heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, giving
fi! ii directions for its use, also certificates of prominent
sheep growers who have used large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective anrt reliable
known Cure and Preventive of 8cab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl8-bp
V. BREDEMEYER,
MIJNX3VG,
Consulting & Civil Engineer
AND TJ. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR.
Salt XjaJce, TJ. T.
Working Plans and Estimates for Mines and Improve
menis furnished; will superintend the establishment
and working of Mines.
The Concentration of Ores a Specialty.
Agent for the Humboldt Company, Manufacturers of
Mining aud Con ceri I rating Machinery.
For Plans and Information apply at my Office, No. 12
Kimball Block.
I am prepared to take contracts on Tunnels and the
Sinking of shafts. P. O. Box 1157.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
{Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
PerBons engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Parfnted at contra'ct pricet, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors,
Bootmakers,
Hatters,
Hotels,
Gents'Fui'nish'g- G 'ds,
furniture Dealers,
Jewelers,
Piano Fortes,
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
For Diseases of the Throat and Lungs, such
as Coughs, Colds, Whooping- Cough, Bron-
chitis, Asthma and Consumption.
The few compositions,
which have won the confi-
dence of mankind and be-
come household words,
among not only one, but
many nations, must have
extraordinary virtues. Per-
haps no one ever securedio
wide a reputation, or main-
tained it so long, as Ayeb's
Chebhy. Pectoral It has
been known to the publio
about forty years, by a long
c ntinued series of marvel-
lous cures, that have won
for it a confidence in its vir-
tues, never equalled bv any other medicine. It still
makes the most effectual cures of Coughs, Colds, Con.
sumption, that can be made by medical skill. Indeed
the Chekry. Pectoral has really robbed1 these danger-
ous diseases of their terrors, to a great extent, and given
a feeling of immunity from their fatal effects, that ,is
well founded, if the remedy be taken in season. Every
family should have it in their closet for the remedy and
prompt relief of its members. Sickness, suffering and
even life is saved by this timely protection. The pru-
dent should not negleot it, and the wise will not. Keep
it by you for the protection it affords by its timely ubo
in sudden attacks.
PREPARED BY
DR. J. C. AYEE & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
Sold by all Druggists and dealers in Medioine.
CRANE & BRIGHAN, Wholcsle Agents,
y29-ly PAN FRANCISCO, OAL.
Books Published by
A. ROMAN & CO.,
SAN FRANCISCO.
Price.
THE RESOURCE* OP CALIFORNIA. By John
S. Hittell. Sixth Edition, rewritten. . "The
most complete and comprehensive work of the
kind."
One volume, 12mo., cloth SI 75
One volume. 12mo., paper 1 25
NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA PROCESSES OF
GOLD AND SILVER EXTRACTION. By Guido
KuBtel. The best practical work on the subject.
8vo., cloth 4 00
8vo., leather 6 00
LEGAL TITLES TO MINING CLAIMS AND
WATER RIGHTS IN CALIFORNIA. By Gregory
Yale. 8vo., leather 5 00
TREATISE ON SILK AND TEA CULTURE AND
OTHER ASIATIC INDUSTRIES, Adapted to the
soil and climate of California. By T. A. Kendo.
16mo. cloth- 80
SULPHURETS. What they are, how Concen-
trated, how Assayed, and how Worked, with a
chapter on the Blow- pipe AsBay of minerals. By
Wm. BarBtow, M. D. 12mo., cloth 1
A liberal discount to Booksellers and Newsdealers
from the above prices.
Any of the above works will be sent, postage pre.
paid, on the receipt of the price, by the publishers,
A. ROMAN & CO., No. 11 Montgomery St., S. F
eow-bp
For 'Washing and Cleaning* Purposes.
Fox* Sale by all Grocers.
This article is universally use<Hu Europe, arid, recent;
introduced for general family use in San Francisco and
neighborhond, is already in great demand. It is now the
intention of lie manufacturers to introduce it all ever the
Paciflo Oi aat, at prices which will bringit within the reaoh
of every household. v
It ie unequalled for cleansing Woo'en Fabrics. Cutlery,
narpet* or Crockery ; for Scrubbing Floors. Washing Paint.
Removin* Grease Spots, Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water foft, and imparts a delightlul sense of
coolness aft er washing.
DIRECTIONS.-For Laundry, use two to four table-
spooonfuls toawajhtubof water. For bulbing, use one
tablespoonful in the bath tub. For removing grease spots,
apply with a brush, undiluted, and wash with wa'er after-
ward. For stimulating the growth of plants, use a few
drops (n every pint of waier used in watering.
PRIHE.-Per Pint Bottle. 25 cents; per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents; per Halt' Gallon, ih ce"ts.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for chemical pur-
pose, fertilizinc,and the prepnration of artificial manures.
AMMONIACAL PHEPARATION. for the prevention and
removal of boiler seal". CRUDE AMMONIA, f or ceneral
manafacturing. and PUR" LIQUOR and AQUA AMMO-
NIA for chemical and pharmaceutical purposes.
jgp Manufactured by the
SAJS" FRANCISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowbp ' _^_
SANBORN & BYRNES.
n
[
III1!""1 ^4&
i II!
I
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4 1 iii'MI
f
b
™§B
i
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1
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if-
JEWESS
: — ■
B
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Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street.
Bet. First and Fremont, San Francisco. Orders freB
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy NewelB and
BalusterB. 25v8-8m-bp
Wine Merchants, Etc-, Etc
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and moat improved kind, aud are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all siEDs;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & CO.,
611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco
e20
May 29, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
355
jiflifiiiig j^achipery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MILL.H,
Made by our Improved pro-
cess. After in my years of
patient rciwarcb iDtioxpfriment
wo haY* succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIE8 f^r
QUARTZ
MILLS. I
Strength,
Durability
and
X>le. .- hoo.
Economy.
Will wrir three timet) longer than any iron Shoos.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Puns. Fuparators, Concentrators. Jigs,
Hydraulic Rook Bn-akum. Fnsnacea, Eo'eiues, Boilers
and BhsUJoR. and General Mining Machinery in all Its
detail*, and KurnJflhiTH of Mining Supplies.
All orders promptly tilled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 2G, 1875.
For description Bee Minino and Scientific PEeae,
Marsh 6, 1XT5.
For Cleaning: Quicksilver Before Using: it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H- J. BOOTH & CO-
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
CROCKER'S PATENT
TRIP HAMMER QUARTZ BATTERY.
This machine, complete, weighs 1.600 lbs, Haa an iron
frame, flve^teol arms with stamps weighing IT lbs. each.
whlob strike 2,ft 0 blows per minute, in a .mortar provided
with screens on both sides, and crushes fine 600 lbs. per
boor, requiring one-horee power to drive it. Has been
thoroughly tested, and is guaranteed to give good satis-
faction. PRICE. $600.
Or. D. CROCKER,
17v26-tf
315 California street, San Francisco.
LANE & BODLEY,
John & Water: Sts., Cincinnati.
Sole Manufacturers of Bruckner's Patent
REVOLVING FURNACE
For Cblorldfzing, Desulphurizing: and Boasting
Ores. Steam Engines and Mining Machinery.
fy Send for our illustrated catalogue.
Machinery.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CUT AND KEARNY STS. 4
.2 a
u BO
111
S i
•g *
11
t
Examiner of Mineg, Mineral Asiayer, Etc.
^•■3 a"
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
• Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth) ; $12 (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
at \\u- Una Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fairof 18GU.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes mid instructions, $100.
O'fit, V SUCCESSCrtS r0 CAGLC WORKS M.F.G. CO. • .fr A, t
"-p j : SYSTEMATIC
°N6ENTRflTlON
lAKf Ston1
m%^ wmm^^c^P
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swiDg
ana smaller: VERTICAL BORING- MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, ye inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
WM. HAWKINS.
T. G. CANTRKLL
"THE DANBURY"
IDRILL CHUCK.
Tlic Favorite Everywhere.
Send stamp for circular.
| The Hull It Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
Extra Heavy, and Imphoved Patterns,
PTJTNAM'MACHINE CO.
Mantjfaotubeb.
LATHES, PLANERS, BERING MILLS, DRILL!
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING>
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A 8PE0-
IALTI.
Address
FASKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. P
p. s. — These Chucks are now on hand and for sale
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
ENGINES. ENGINES.
Kipp's Upright Engine
Has decided merit J. Ita Beauty, Compactness,
Strength, Durability, Ecouomy in Fcel. Ease in Hand-
ling, and Small Space required attract the Buyer, and
the Price readily concludes the Sale.
IIEyCall and see it or send for Circulars.
J.M.KEBLEK& CO., Ai?ta.,308 Cal. St., S.F
(
UEHU IH BY CONTRACT.
Entlmates given for Special Work of every
description. Are fully equipped with first-
class Machinery and Tools.
The Hull U Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
MACHINERY.
Iron and Wood-working Machinery, Wood Planers,
Lathes, Mitre and Outting-off Saws, Iron Turning and
Screw Cutting LatheB, Pluners, ShaperB and Drilling
Machines, Screw and Scroll Chucks, from the best
makers, always on hand and for Bale cheap by
NEYLAN & YOTJNG,
mar27eow 18 & 20 Spear Street, 8. F.
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WEI4.S, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
IRON PIPE
I
IRON AND STEEL.
DROP F0KGIFG.
Of Every Description, at BeaeonaVle Prices.
The Hull le Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-horse power. Shafting, Pulleys, Hoist Gears,
Quartz Mills Water Tanks, Spanish ArastTas, PuinpB and
Pipes Hepburn and Belden Pans, and all kinds of Ma-
chinery forttale at loweBt prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
266 Brannan street, S. F.
Highest oaBh prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
i
m
I
CRANK PLANERS.
Guporior Doslga and Wotimansnip, Eitta Heavy (1400 In. )
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED,
' TO PLANE 12X16X1&.
The Hull & Belden Company, Janbmy, Ct.
I "DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PIS".
Stmkss Blow Heavy or Light, Fast Ob Slow.
Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1875.
The Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
Pipe Fittings & Brass Goods,
AT BOTTOM PRICES.
JAMES L. BARKER,
406 & 408 Market street, S- F-,
HARDWARE AND METAL
Commission Merchant.
■ Orders by mail will receive prompt attention
mrl3-eow-bp
Metallurgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IHPOBTEB8 OF AND DEALERS IS
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists' Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 614 Washington street, BAN FBANOIBOO
We wonld call the special attention of Aaaayera
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Proapectors, etc., to our largo and veil adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies nine*
tbe first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
•3" Our Oold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degreeB of fineness, and val-
uable tablep for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be -out free upon application.
7v25-tf
JOHN TAYLOR h CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These .Machine*. Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the moBt perfect manner
■aid of the great Dumber now in operation, not one baa
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled the. motion of the muller forces
ihe pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
rhe appertnre and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it Is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to fhe center, where it
passes down, and to the cirouniien.-fl.ee as before. Thus
it Is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and Into the quicksilver, until the ore Is
reduced to an Impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setters made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the palp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francisoe
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans tarnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
B. HTJHN,
C. A. LTTCKHABDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists-
RODGERS, METER & CO.,
COMMISSION MER<JH.AJyrr^.
I11F1>CE8 HADE
On «ll kinds of Ores, and partlettlur- »ttentlo«
PAID TO
OONMOUfMFSTN OF G<>Ov#».
ivlfrSm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENEY G. HANKS
Will receive afew pupllB at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the TJ. 8. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
A^snyor and Bletallurfirioa^
CHEMIST,
No. Oil Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U.S. Braueh Mint
Ran Fbanciboo Oax. 7v21-si»
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY JMTT0N DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
onnce Duck.
Flax. Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Booting, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Marie to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STREET, .
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL,
356
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 29, 1875
Sales at S. P. Stock Exchange.
, Mat 21.
18>£®19
.....m
.27,'£@2§
...46(0145
FRIDAY, a. M,
30 Alpha
55 Am Flat....
HO Beloher
27u Be.*t& Bal
240 Bullion 48@«>£
150 . do b5.,48
2U0 Baltimore C'n...4^@4ii*
10 Caledonia....*. ...715'*
405 California 5&A@tft%
225 Chollar 1G&WA
10 Confldence 17J£
133 Con Virginia... 4flO®40*J,«
270 Crown Point 29@29>s
240 Dayton 3
1(10 Daney 75c
•i'.O Empire Mill *6@4?4
50 Eclipse 0
105 Gould £ Curry 1734
lOHaleANor.. ..b5.,37^
190 Imperial
25 Justice
130 Julia m
65 Kentuck. ..i......l4®l3.!£
245 Knickerbocker 2@l.'H
100 Ladv Bryan 33?"'
625 Mexican 16&(_
5'J ..do b5..l6<6
230 New York I7t®'&
10 Occidental 3
1985 Ophir 45@40M
350 ..do b 30..45a)4.Vfc
2*1 Overman 60@59
191 Succor 1M813S
25 SHill m
55 Ravage M
85 Sierra Nevada Hi}£
79.5 Onion
295 Woodville
35 Yellow Jacket,.. 970
AFTERNOON BES8ION.
325 Andes 3?B® 4
100 Alps. 200
150 Belmont 3
10 Condor Ufa
1540 Cosmopolitan 40c
700 Eureka Con 55®5".
150 El Dorado South .75c
30 Empire I Us
1035 Gila 6tf@5%
265 Golden Ohariot .$%'&>%
1695 Jefferson 9
250 KKCon ■-. .a.l5@3«ri
40 Kossuth \%
110 Leopard 15J£
170 Meadow ValkT....7@r>76
350 Mahogany 97a® 10
D70 N Oarann - 10c
50 Pioche W ... 3
10 Prussian 3i6
450 Panther 1!$
385 Poor.nan ..&gim
150 Pro-pect 4
600 ....do b III. .4
40 Raymond A Ely....44@45
530 South Chariot .^..2@1V
300 Wells-Fargo. ...ZJ'slS'Mc
150 "War Eagle 4
300 Webfoot 62>*a
50 Prussian V$
200 Panther .. W
500 Prospect b 10. .4
300 Pioneer 2
795 Poorman JS)i@\Z%
220 Raymond & Ely....44®47
120 Rye Patch 1%
60 S Chariot 2
100 SR Island ....-I
151-0 S California 2J£@2$f
75 War Eagle $%
405 Wells-Fargo. .
SATURDAY, a. m., Mat 22.
70 American Flat. ...326@4
55 Alpha 19!a
215 Belcher ;27@28
125 Best it Belcher.... ...„_. '5
540 Bullion.........
i5< Bii con mm
30 Baco.r 5
310 Crown Point 31
1135 California 55,^®55
51 Challenge 6
295 Choi Lar 79 a 80
50 Caledonia ' 15J-5
90 Confidence ■. 17J£
50 Con Virginia 405@403
400 Dayton 3
824 Eureka Con 65!«@60
10 do S30..63
3ii Empire Mill.. ...
10 Exchequer 250
280 Eclipse 6
330 Gould & Curry.. """
20 Hale 4 Nor
405 Imperial
395 Julia
20 Justice S2
140 Knickerbocker
95 Kentuck Vi%
120 Lady Bryan ...... 3-#@3J£
160 Meadow Valley "*
16-15 Mexican Ifi{
780 New York 13J .
2325 Ophir 4l&®4i)
50 ..do s 5..43'.i
2.55 Overman i9
146 Raymond 4 Ely.... 40^)45
10 Savage ., . ""
3,50 Sierra Nevada ...10)#
215 Silver Hill 8}£
480 Union (V ; a 1.
30 Utah ...&i
75 Woodville 25a
30 Yellow Jacket 7"
MONDAY, a. m., Mat 24.
TUESDAY, A. M., Mat 25.
55 Alpha 19>2
150 Belcher 27@28J|
695 Best A BBlcher. . .47@47>s
340 Baltimore Con 5
370 Bullion 48®»^
175 Chollar 78®80
100 Crown Point. ..30f-fa'30^
205 Con Virginia.. 411 >S® 420
25 do b 15. .420
245 Confidence 19@20
P5 Challenge 6@6Vi
3720 California 60)£®liU£
20 Caledonia 17
15 Dayton *%
20 ..do b 30. .276
1.50 Daney -.-- 75c
80 Empire Mill 5^<ft5H
501 Gould A; Curry \V/Z
100 Hale & Norcros*.3^<3)38i<2
310 Imperial 7®7>6
55 JuBrice 93@95
715 Julia 10&@Im
150 Knickerbocker. 2
21 Kentuck 13>£
250 Lady Bryan 3££@*#
885 Mexican 17@175s
3. ..do b30..18^
160 Overman 5,9@60
50 ....do b5..60
36 0 Ophir 46,4@48
200 ..do b5..4i
65 Savage ..92®99
610 S Nevada 11@UM
10 Seg Belcher .--95
490 Succor VAWVa
200 vS HiU 8)a@?
5iW l/nion 6^®fi?4
■SO YJacket 77®79
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
160 American Flag ..2$4®2££
255 American Flat..
200 Alps
Vi5 Andes
400 Condor
300 Constitution.. ..!-_-
400 Cosmopolitan 55c
365 Eureka Con i4fl)i2
100 Florida ■■s:v«jrt?
1270 (1 Chariot 6ft6@iJft
16-10 Gila ->}»
100 ..do - b3M?#
700 Jackson W)H
975 Jefferson ■>%§£
23S0 K KCon Wi&Oi
210 Leopard .14
200 Lady Washington. ...l>f
100 Leviathan ■„,-;WiJ
3t«5 Meadow Valley . .7J4®t -5
295 Mahogany J°,@?;*
2'iD Mint ■if,*J7«?
20 Maryland 87 Mcgjl
275 New Yo rk S*f @e%
140 Occidental.. --3
300 Orig Gold Hill ...... VA
580 Poorman H@ »0j|
200 Prussian *A
50 Panther 1»
400 Prospect ;bJ'-T
700 ...do b30.-4
IPO Rye Patch \%%\%
260 Raymond A Ely....47®>5
150 Rock Island 4Ji®4
200 S G HtU ..-%
710 S Chariot 3®'^
500 S California
565 Chollar Potoai...74@78J£
50 Confidence. ^....17^
110 Con Virginia... 400@4025S
90 Daney 50o
200 Empire Mill 4^4^
415 Gould 4 Curry. 17>$@ 17 2f
75 Kale & Norcros3.37^@38
-'(i:. Imperial 6%
25 Justice 87@&0
16-i Julia Zh<MH
110 Knickerbocker.... 2@2i4
30 Kentuck .J3
165 Lrdv Bryan 3^1
I0HO Mexican 16M@l'
4555 Ophir 41fc
350 Overman: 58@60
100 Silver HiU 8"
200 Succor 1^@1
25 Seg Beleher 1
50 Savage ..93@._
380 Sierra Nevada... 10(^10^
355 Union Con 5^@fi
80 Utah 5M@5J*
20 Yellow Jacket. . .76^3/17
4
, AlA@i
AFTERNOON BESSION.
30 American Flat.. .2%@2&
400 American Flag 2J£
2055 Andes 3J£@3%
60 Belmont 1%
650 Cosmopolitan 45o
5t> Cherry Creek VA
240 Condor 75c
20 Empire, 1 1 -;
2075 Eureka Con 46@50
585 tjolden Chariot... .5^)6
150 Gila.-..;. 7 6
75 IdaEUmore 2J*
970 Jefferson 9M@9^
3H0 K ff Con.... W&i
50 Leviathan 1
150 Lady Wash I
300 Leopard./ 15M@15;><
76 Meadow Valley. 6*@67s
210 Mint 15c
3(10 Maryland 1 85c
450 Mahogany 10
530 New York 1%
20 Occidental 3
250 Pioneer \%
50 Prospect 4
8n0 Panther l&
275 Prussian 3
50 Pioche 2
60 Raymond A Ely 43
80 Rye Patch I,"
500 South Cal
300 SGHill W
350 South Chariot 176
20 Rock Island 4M
1225 Wells-Fargo 20c
515 Woidville 2%
350 War Eagle VA
75 Caledonia ...16«@17
280 Confidence 19@19^
1015 Crown Point 33@35^
125 Con Virginia 420@430
115 Challenge .6
15 Dayton 2%
100 Daney 10
385 Gdnld & Curry.. .189i@19
30 Hale & Norcross 40
6-J Imperial VAffltH
85 Justice.... 1053115
1230 Julia 16@19^
105 Kentuck. 14j?@lS
475Knicker IH<$2%
375 Lady Bryan 3^15)4
2170 Mexican 18@19
580 New York .2H
2960 Ophir 4k«@5U
20 Overman :..60@6uM
240 Occidental .3
50 Rock Island 1
165 Silver Hill 9^@10
40 Savage 95©^
300 Succor 114
70 Sierra Nevada 11
745 Union Con 7fe@8
1410 Woodville.: 2K@5tt
110 Yellow Jacket 80
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTOR?.
Compiled every Thursday from. Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals. 1
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Eeiinq'nt. Sale.
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
600 Andes 4@4>a
20 American Flag 2%
150 Alps 87o
150 Belmont. aMg&K
1000 Cosmopolitan 60@55o
120 Cornucopia ]M
2U0 Condor ItyVA
900 Eureka Con ,..62,gk5
50 ElDtiradoS 1
16t Empire I*$@2
625 Golden Chariot... .1%m
815 Gila .*&i
3780 Jackson 1@1«
1330 Jefferson 4,^@7
970 KKCon.. 5(a7
270 Leopard 12^@12-X
50 Maryland 90c
760 Mahogany 10
420 Meadow Valley.. ..67a@i
225 Orig Gold Hill 2
600 Prospect 4
1180 Poorman SJb^iO'^
100 Panther \%
100 Ray & Ely 42«@43
600 War Eagle 3M@3^
100 Webtoot 50c
Company.
American Flat M Co
Baltimore Cons M Co
Belmont M Co
Caledonia R M Co
Chariot Mill it M Co
Chollar-Potosi M Co
Europa M Co
Gold Mt G M Co
Hale & Norcross S M Co
Huhn & Hunts M Oo
Ida Ellmore M Oo
Iowa M Co
Julia G A S M Oo
Knickerbocker M Oo
Lady Bryan M Co
Lady Washington M Co
Mint G A S M Co
Nevada Land & M Co,
New York Cons M Oo
New York M Oo
Niagara G<t S M Oo
Ophir S M Co
Piocne S M Oo
Raymond & Ely M Co
HocklslandG ASMOo
Savage MCo
Sierra Nevada S M Oo
Silver Cotd M Oo
South Comstock G A S M Oo
Succor M A M Co
Woodville Cons S M Co
Yellow Jacket S M Oo
a I
THE BOARDS.
Secretary. Place of Business.
12
Washoe
Washoe
Nye Oo Nevada
Washoe
San Diego Oo Cal
WaBhoe «
Washoe 3
Bear Valley Cal 5
Washoe 46
Ely District 11
Idaho 17
Washoe 3
Washoe 22
Washoe
Washae
"Washoe
Washoe
ElkoOoNev
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Ely District
Pioche
Washoe
Washoe
Wasboe
Idaho
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
1 00 April 10 May 14
1 00 April 12 May 19
1 08 May 10 June 14
3 HO May 10 June 12
25 April 17 May 22
5 00 April 14 May 1"
ty 1
April 13
May 7
1 00 April 29
10 May 13
2 00 May 12
June 2
June'7
July 6
Julyl
June 14
June 8
5 00
1 50
1 00
50
_Iay 10
April 17
20 May 12
?0 May 14
1 00 April 22
100 April 22
50 A oril 16
2 00 May 14
1 00 May 3
5 00 April 1
I 00 Mav 1ft
5 00 April 27
1 00 May 3
1 00 April 24
25 April 9
50 April 8
1 00 Mar 25
5 00 April 7
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON
630 Woodville......
450 Wells-Fargo 20*
• I8c
275 Alpha. ...
260 Am Flat 3?4(3H
110 Belcher... 28@29
360 Best A Bel...-....45@45*s
210 Bullion 47(^47^
50 ..do s5..47>£
85 Baltimore Con 5§t4&
10 Bacon 5
20 Con Virginia
60 Crown Point
80 Chollar ___.
875 California. 55oj55M
10 Caledonia
50 Dardanelles
150 Dayton
35 Eclipse....
230 Gould A Curry
10 Hale A Nor..... ...
150 Imperial 6-y@6%
1350 Julia 9V&I0.''
5- Justice 90@f
95 Knickerbocker _
1225 Mexican 15^16
290 New York 2^3
1855 Ophir 43J4@i4
"" ..do,
WHDNESDAYa. m. Max26.
60 Alpha ...19
150 Am Flat 3Wffi3>£
400 BeBt A Belcher.. 46^@47
305 Belcher 28^30
360 Bullion 4tfffi47
260 Baltimore Con 5@5J£
105 Chollar 78ojl0
403 Crown Point 31^@32
300 Confidence 17!£(«t9
85 Con V"u-ginia,4n!4@422JS
10 do. b5..420
1015 California 59Js@60
60 .-..do b5..60
100 ....do h 10. .60
10 Caledonia '«>=
100 Daney -75c
40 Dayton VA
30 Eclipse 6'4
20 Empire Mill &
195 Would A Curry. 18^@18'4
105 Hale A Norcross... 38@39
65 Imperial VAwi
980 Julia 12@J3
30 Justice 100
100 Knickerbocker ...2
5ll Kentuck 13j£
50 Lady Bryan....... ....A
195 Mexican 17^@1iM
550 New York 2%
150 Occidental 3
1315 Ophir *bii/S4Sii
195 Overman 59@5HM
100 Rock Island 5
260 Sierra Nevada
75 flucCor «H
359 Union Con ,...6?.{@7
420 Utah 6
360 Woodville 2=l4@2^
30 Yellow Jacket 7fro)70
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
150 Alps B7Jge
20 American Flag 2M
525 Andes 4@4^
150 Belmont .
S -4° i"m iifMoOO Cosmopolitau ....50(fl!55c
* ^d0 b llhdt^\ 200 Condor \%
135 Overman 59@"7^ 120 Cornucopia \%
120 SierraNevada....,_.._.10.)i. P75 Eureka Con 65@j6I
8'a
165 Savage . .
25 Succor
20 Silver Hill
2 0 Senator...'
445 Union Con 5%@6!
100 ....do b30..6J
15 Utah
420 Wondville ....
55 Yellow Jacket.
50 El Dorado South..
Itfl Empire I..
745 Gila
52* G. Chariot.
100 ....do
.1450 Jeff ;rson..
.U'v-Vr 2755. Jackson....
-V''-.':' H70 KK*Con..
...i2jiiJ'
275 Luopird..
50 Lady Wash 1%
, 100 Leviathan is.
...*3!4J..i 420 Muadow Valley. ...7@6Ja
50- 1! 770 Mahogany.. 10
. 70.^73: 50 M ryland 90c
b 10. .71 290 OrigGold Hill 2
60 Empire 1 1, .50 Pauper 2
50 Florida 3 100 Pantner 1^
1440 Gila 938*4 105 Poorman S7s(&7?4
' ..do b 30..10>i
AFTRBNOON SR8SION.
1775 Andes
100 Cosmopolitan
910 Eureka Con.
780 Golden C.ianot » 100 .
The Mining Stock Market.
Mining stocks still continue in a depressed
condition, although'some signs of improvement
in prices have been manifested tbis week. As
will be seen by our stock qu otations, Opbir is
still comparatively low in price, although
whether it is not even now higher than the
mine warrants is a question. The stock has
fluctuated between $10 and $50 during the
week, and no one seems to know what way it
is going. Mexican follows it steadily up and
down, as in fact do most of the I'omstock
mines. Even the bonanza mines feel to some
extent the depression caused by Ophir*s down-
fall. All along the line of the Comstock, how-
ever, according to the local papers, more and
better development work is being done than
ever before, and more capital being effectually
employed.
The new Pacific Stock Exchange now has
seventy-nine members, including some of the
heaviest capitalists and "dealers on California
street. These men are mostly clearing up tbeir
business with the old Board, preparatory to
transferring it to -the Exchange, and the effect
is apparent. The withdrawal of a few such
men as Baldwin, Kellogg, and a score of others
we might name, is a serious blow Jo the busi-
ness of the old Board, and tbeir places cannot
be fi! led.
A handsome premium is now offered for
seats, $10,000 being bid, with no takers. The
Exchange has secured the Museum property,
for which $325,000 will be paid as soon as the
necessary preliminaries are arranged, and will
immediately proceed to pull down the buildings
now cumbering the site and erect a new struc-
ture. In the meanwhile Sanborn's Long Room
has been secured, Sanborn turning over his
lease for one year, at a monthly rental of
$1,000.
The only outside stocks showing any anima-
tion at present are the Idaho stocks. If we
can credit the local papers the strike in Golden
Chariot is a valuable one, and consists of a
new vein not heretofore known. All the other
Idahos keep up well in the market, and are
blessed with glowing reports. The Golden
Chariot stock dividend comes this way. It
will be remembered that the capital stock was
recently increased from 30,000 to 90,000 shares,
the iar value remaining unchanged, namely,
$100 per share. The trustees used. 15,000
shares of the increased capital to liquidate some
claims against the company. This makes
45,000 shares remaining of the new stock. It is
to the holders of these shares that the stock
dividend applies. The remaining 45,000
shares were divided pro rata among the present
stockhold rs o i the 27th instant.
Alhambra Q^d Oo Sonoma Co Cal I
Annie belcher Quicksilver M Oo Cal I
Benjamin M A M Cq Lyon Ho Nevada 2
Cherokee Flat Blue Gravel M Co Cal 34
Chicago Quicksilver M Co Oal 1
ChrvsoponsG&SMOo Washoe- 10
Ooe G M Oo Grass Valley Cal 1
Combination G & S W Co Inyo Co Cal 6
Cherry Creek M A M Oo Nev 3
Cordillera G & B M Oo Mexico
El Dorado State Oo Cal 2
EniDire A Middleton Cons Q M Oo ■ Oal 1
Equitable Tunnel A M Oo Utah 10
Florenoe M Co Humboldt Co Cal 2
Geneva Cons S M Co Nevada
Gold Run M Co .Nevada Co Oal 11
Golden Gate M Co Utah 1
Illinois Central MOo Idaho 3
Lake Oo Quicksilver M Co Oal 6
Magenta S M Oo GraaB Valley Cal 2
Mariposa LiMCo Cal I
Martin A Walling M A M Oo Cal
Missouri Q M Oo Sonoma Oo Cal 1
Monumental M Co Washoe 1
Minnie Tunnel A M Co Utah 1
North Carson S M Co 1
New York Cons M Co Washoe 13
North Bloomfield Gravel M Co Cal 37
Omega Table Mt M Oo Cal 5
Orleans MOo Grae* Valley Oal 4
Pioneer Cons M Co Eureka Nev 3
Red Jacket M Oo Idaho 7
Rooky Bar M Co Waehoe
Silver Central Cons M Co Washoe
Silver Spront M Co Cal
South Overman S M Oo Washoe
St Helena GiSMOo Napa Co Oal
St Paul G A S M Co Napa Oo Oal
Starr King S M Co Elko Co Nevada
Umpirp Tunnel A M Co Utah
Union Gravel M Oo Nevada Co Cal
"Virginia Cons M Oo Inyo Co Oal
Weaverville D & H M Co Cal
Win Peun Coos G A S M Co Washoe
100 ...do ...b30..8!4
300 Jefferson 8W@8
740 KKCon 7(fs
300 Leopard 15
430 Meadow Val 67b
ltvl Mahogany lih-oi: .
200 Mint 15^l(^c
«) Maryland 75o
51)0 Prospect .'4
100 . ..do b 5. .4
50 Raymond & Ely....42@43
50 do S30..43
50 Rye P tell l&l(q>:-)A
615 S Chariot -£%\m
100 Wet. toot 50o
S8G War Eaijle ...V4m*4
200 Niagara ..62j£@70c 275 Wells-Fargo. .^...i^iOc
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THIS COMPARED.
. THURSDAY
THURSDAY, a. u. , Mat 20
170 Aloha \..\8}4@\9H
480 Besti Belcher. ,45;Wa)47
ISO Baltimore Con...4^@l'X
'200 Belcher . ....... 2frMil>>{,
534 Bullion *4S®*"
50 Cale Ionia !;■' >i'c''l-
2 95 California 55@55!$
300 Crown Point 2^%C"'
. M., May 27.
300 American Flag 4@4W
ISO Alpha @20
330 Best A Beli.her..47^Sl8
300 Belcher 30&q|3l
110 Baltimore Con j" a:,
210 Bullion 48^49
2565 California 61(g63
255 Chollar 80@85
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
In answer to "Alphabetical," in your last
is-ue, for a remedy for consumption in its first
stages, I can recommend Dr. Pierce's *'Golden
Medical Discovery, " if taken according to
directions, for it has been thoroughly tried in
my family, and the results were glorious.
"Alphabetical" must not expect one bottle to
do the work — my wife took three bottles before
she could discover any change, but after the
third bottle every dose seemed to strengthen
the lungs, and now she is well and hearty. If
"Alphabetical" will write to me I will get wit-
nesses to the above.
HENEY H. M. PATTON.
Lawrence, Marion County, lud.
— Cincinnati Times, Feb. 4, 1875.
Nevada Co Cal
Calaveras Co Cal
5 May 10
20 April 10
10 April 14
5 April 23
10 AiirilO
.10 May 7
M April 23
10 April 22
25 May IB
10 May 8
25 April 26
10 April 17
25 May 12
10 May 16
25 May 13
15 April 7
5 April 28
7"5 May 21
10 May 10
50 April 9
1 00 Mar 10
80 April 24
25 April 16
25 April 17
5 ADril 28
25 May 12
1 00 April 22
1 00 April 14
l^AprilSO
100 April 27
10 May 18
50 May 21
10 April 22
5 May 10
fi Feb 17
50 May 11
20 April 17
10 April 17
25 May 21
5 May 20
1 00 May 8
10 April 21
1 00 May 4
6 May 19
35 May 11
10 April 27
May 20
Junes
June 5
Julyl
May 18
June 9
Jane 15
July&
June 4
June 14
July 7
June 15
July3
May 29
June 18
June 10
Jnne 29
May 21
June 16
JnlyS
June 19
July 8
May 25
Jane 12
May 25
June 1'2
Mav 19
Jane 8
June 17
JulyS
June 10
Julyl
May 10
June 5
Jane 21
July 12
May 31
June 19
June 24
May 31
June 21
May 12
May 31
May 13
June £
ADril 28
May 17
May 11
June 11
"HE LISTS 0
June 10
Jane 16
May 12
May 31
May 22
June 14
Mav 29
J une 19
May 10
Mav 31
June 10
June 29
May 26
June 16
May 27
June 18
June 21
July 15
Jane 18
July 3
May 27
Jane 11
May 28
June 17
June 16
July 7
Jane 10
July 7
Jone 14
June 30
May 10
June 4
Jane 1
Jane 22
June 21
July 12
Jnne 18
Jaly5
May 13
June 1
Til ay 13
June 7
May 25
June 15
May 17
June 7
May 19
June 8
June 1
Jane 22
June 16
July 7
May 25
June 12
May 12
Jane 6
June 1
June 22
June 23
July 13
June 25
July 16
May 27
Jane 17
June 15
July 6
April 17
Jane 17
June 12
June 29
May 20
Jane 10
May 20
June 10
June 26
July 17
Julyl
Aug 2
June 14
July 6
June 1
June 28
June 7
July*?
June 28
July 20
June 3
June 21
O A Sankey
C A Sankey
O H Bogart
R Wegener
F Swift
W E Dean
R B Noyea
J P Oavallier
JF Llghtner
TL Kimball
O B Higgins
A D Carpenter
A Noel
J H Sayre
F Swift
H O KIbbe
D A Jennings
Wm H Watson
H C Kibbe
H 0 Kihbe
W R Townsend
J Marks
C P. Elliott
J W Colburn
J W (Hark
E B Holmes
R Wegener
O B Hiircina
J M Bnfflngton
W a Wataon
W M Helman
G W Hopkins
331 Montgomery st
331 Montgomery st
402 Montgomery st
414 California st
419 California st
419 California st
419 California st
513 California st
438 California st
409 California st
402 Montgomery st
(TOft Clay Bt
419 California Ht
Stevenaon's Bldg
419 California st
419 California 6t
401 California st
30*2 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California at
330 Pine st
419 California at
419 California at
418 California st
418 California st
4H California et
414 California st
402 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
302 Montgomery at
401 California st
Gold Hill Nevada
THE BOARDS.
R Von Pdster
JMBuffington
L Leavitt
0 H Bogart
O R Cottrell
A Noel
A Treadwell
D Wilder
D P Verdenal
Henry R Reed
Hugh Elias
J G Riley
C S Healy
J E Dele van
1 T Milliken
O O Palmer
H B Congdon
RH Brown
Andrew Baird
Li Kaplan
L Leavitt
B F Hickox
F H Rogers
W R Townsend
H B Congdon
Nathan Leigh
H O Kibbe
Thos Derby
D Wilder
Geo P Thurston
O S Neal
Wm Willla
J P Cavallier
Ii Hermann
T B Wingaxd
D Wilder
R Von Poster
R Von Pfister
L Kanlan
Wm Small
T Derby
T B Wingard
F H Rogers
J F Pope
J M Buffington
L Hermann
Me roh ants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
401 California at
402 Montgomery Bt
310 Kearny at
419 California Bt
531 California st
Merchants' Ex
409 California Bt
321 Washington st
416 Montgomery Bt
432 Montgomery Bt
Merobants' Ex.
220 Montgomery st
302 Montgomery st
41 Market st
Merchants' Ex
402 Montgomery st
316 0alifomiast
Merchants' Ex
401 California et
408 California et
330 Pine at
330 Pine st
Merchants 'Ex
416 California st
419 California at
32*1 California at
Merchants' Ex
315 California st
419 California st
419 California Bt
513 Ca'it'orniast
330 Pine Bt
318 California Rt
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
531 California at
320 California st
318 California Bt
330 Pine st
421 Montgomery Bt
311 California Bt
Merchants' Ex
MEETINGS TO
Name of Co.
Arizona S M Co
Bacon M & M Co
Crown Point OASMCo
Grown Point S M Co
Cherry Creek M i M Co
OadmuB M Co
Elmore Hill Hydraulic M Co
Lady Bryan M Oo
Rye Paton Cons MiHOo
Location. Secretary.
Washoe Wm Miles
Washoe Ed May
Washoe CE Elliott
Washoe Chas E Elliott "
Nevada D F Verdenal
Nevada J Campbell
Cal W W Blow
Washoe Called by Trustees
Nevada D F Verdenal
Kvl __
Mammoth S M Oo White Pine Co Nev D A Jennings
Mineral Fork M A S Cq Utah R B Noyea
Miser's Dream S M Oo WFR Schindler
Monumental M Co W R Townsend
Mount Snvage M Oo D F Verdenal
Silver Hill MCo Washoe W E I) 'an
Wheeler M Co Nevada J Campbell .
BE HELD.
Office in S. F.
419 California Bt
419 California Bt
419 California st
419 (.' inform;* st
409 California Bt
232 California st
HV4 Galifornia Bt
419 California st
409 California Bt
401 California Bt
419 California st
535 California st
330 Pine st
409 California st
419 California st
232 California et
Sleeting'. '
Annual
Annual
Ad nti a 1
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annoal
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Belcher M. Oo.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot^ M A M Oo
Cons Virginia M Co
Crown Point M Co
Diana M. Oo.
Empire M Co
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Excelsior M A M Oo
Jefferson S M Oo
Manhattan S M Co
Rye Patch M Oo
Location. Secretary.
Washoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Oal Frank Swift
Washoe Charles H Fish
Washoe OE Elliott
N. C. FasBet
Cal D A Jennings
Nev WWTraylor
Frank Swift
O A Sankey
Nevada Chas S Neal
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office in S. P.
419 California st
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 Clay st.
401 California st
119 Galifornia st
419 California st
331 Montgomery st
419 Galifornia st
409 California st
3 00
25
40
10 00
2 01)
1 00
50
1 00
1 00
50
1 DO
50
METALS.
[WHOLESALE.]
Wednesday m., May 26. 1875.
American Pig Iron, 1* ton ,. @ 46 00
Scotob Pig Iron.^ton 46 00 m 48 00
White Pig, # ton ® 46 00
Oregon Pig, » ton ... @ 46 00
Refined Bar, bad assortment, ^ lb @— 3}*
Refined Bar, good assortment, © lb @— 4
Boiler, No. 1 to 4 .— — @— 51*
Plate, No. 5 to 9 @ — ' h%_
Sheet. No. 10 to 14 — <- @ — 5S
Sheet, No. 16 to 20 — 5S@ — 5?^
Sheet. No. £2 to 24 — 6 (& — 6h
Sheet, No. 26 to 23 .■ — 6>£@ - 1
HorseShoee, per keg 7 '>" m 8 00
Nail Rod ^10 @
Norway Iron — 9 @
Rolled Iron — 6 ®
Other Irons for Blaoksmithe, Miners, etc. @ — 4%
OOPPEB.—
Braziers*.... - — 35 @
Copper Tin'd — 37H? — 4
O'NiePsPat - 37^3- 40
Sheathing, 3» fo — 40 @ — 24
Sheathing, Yellow @ — 25
Sheathing, Old Yellow @ — 12,S
Composition Nails — 24 @
Composition Bolts — 24 l3 — *—
Steel.— Engl isb Oast, $ ft — 20 @ — 25
Anderson A Woods' American Cast @— 16^
Drill @- 16H
FlatBar -18 a — 22
Plow Steel — 9 @ — 10
10x14 lO Charcoal 12 00® 12 -e0
lOxllIXOharooal 14 00 fio 14 50
Roofing Plate I O Charcoal 11 00 @ 11 50
Bancs Tin —30 (# — 32
Australian — 28 (to — 30
Zinc... .By the Cask @ — U
Zino, Sheet 7x3 ft No 7 to 10 ^Ib « - 11
do do 7x3 ft, Nc 11 to 14 @ — llj^
do do 8x4 ft, No 8 to 10 @ — Hi*
do do 8x1 fu Noll to 10 @ - 12
Nails Assorted sizes 4 25 w 8 70
Qoickeilteh. nerDi 60 — @ — t>5
No Agents are authorized to receive subscriptions for
this paper at less than our advertised rates.
Back Volumes of this paper can be had for $3 each,
including 26 numbers.
Wax Side Leather, qn foot..
Date,
Jnnel
June 1
June 7
June 7
Jane 1
Junel
June 3
JuneS
June 1
Junel
June 7
May 31
June 8
June 1
May 31
June 1
Payable.
Jan 11
May 18
Nov 16
May 12
Jan 12
Jan . 25
May 15
May 5
April 10
May 15
May 15
Mar 5
LEATHER.
[ WHOLESALE. 1
Wednesday u.. May 26, 1876,
City Tanned Leather. % ft 2fi 'a,?'
Santa Oruz Leather, ^ lb 26@2j
Country Leather, » ft 24(32"
Stockton Leather, fy ft 25@2
Jodot, 8 Kil., per doz ...$50 00® 54 00
Jodot. 11 tol3Kil.,perdoz 68 00® 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil.. per doz -. 82 00©94 00
Jodot, Becondohoice.il to 16 Kil. $ doz 57 OOf® 74 00
Oornellian, 12 tol6Ko 57 00® 67 OO
Oornellian Females. 12 to 13 63 00® 67 0ft
Oornellian Females. 14 to- 16 Kil 71 itO® 76 5I>
Simon TJllmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 GO® til (.0
Simon UHmo Fema'es, 14 to 15, Kil .■ 70 00® 72 00
Simon l.'llmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00 $75 00
Simon, 16 Kil.,» doz 61 00® 63 'HI
Simon, 20 Kil. ft doz '. 65 00® 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. « doz 72 00® 74 00
Robert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil * 35 00® 40 10
(Trench Kips, # ft 1 O0« I 15
Oalifornia Kip, » doz 40 00®] F *>
French Sheep, all colors, ft doz. 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Calf for Backs, $ !b 1 00® 1 25
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, 9 doz. ... 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, f) doz 5 50(3 10 Mi
California Russett Sheep Linings 175® 4 50
Besfr Jodot Oalf Boot Legs, ^ pair 5 00(3 s 2S
Good French Oalf Boot Legs, $ pair 4 00® 4 75
French Oalf Boot Legs, f* pair i 00® —
Harness Leather, "£ lb 30® 37
Fair Bridle Leather. St doz 48 Oft® 72 —
Skirting Leather, H ft 33® 37^
Welt Leather, f» doz 30 O0Q 50 00
Buff Leather, W foot : 17® %
' thsr.qRfoot 17® 0
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Charlkb Sutbo A Co.]
Ban Francisco, May 26, 3 P. m.
Legal Tenders in S. F., 11a. ii.. 87 to 87'-.
Gold in N. Y„ 116.
Gold Barb, 890. Silveb Bars, 4 and 1)4 per cent dis-
count.
Exchange on N. Y„ % per cent, premium for gold;
Mexican Dollars, 1 and 2 per cent, disoonnt.
Currency, 14 per cent On London—Bankers, 49; Com-
mercial, 49M- Pans, 5 francs per dollar.
London — Consols, 94>i) to 94*4 ; Bonds, 102*5
' Quicksilver in S. F., by the flask, per lb. "
May 29, 1875.J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
357
ar
atents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
(FlOM OmciAi Hii-obti vob Tn« Mining ajtd 8oikn
TOTC Pkkm, DEWEY A CO.. Publuuejui dcd
D. 8. AXD FllUHIOM PATENT A'lXNTil.t
By Special Dispatch. Dated Wuahinifton ,
D. C, Way 25th, 1875.
Fob Wkkk Ending May 11th, 1875.
Waoon-Bbakk Block.— Goorge G. Bucklruid,
Milton, Cnl.
Fkedcr fob Thkk^hinq MicutNRs — Byron
Jackson, Woodlanl, Oitl.
I DifnBiBOTOB f ju Kkedixu Belt* of Tlll^.sri-
mo MxcaiKKJ.— Byr/u Jackriou, WooJl nil,
Cal.
Foldtno Oar Lock. — Augustus W. Tuornt >n,
of Oakland, Cal., and Martin Vioa, of S. F.,
Cal.
Boahtino Apparato3.— Louis Dutertre, S. F ,
Cal.
Pavement.— Louis Dntertre, S. F., Cal.
8tmolr Bail Railway Cab. — Chandler
McWayne, Colfax, Cal.
Broom-Handle Socket. — John H. Pitts, S. F.,
Cal.
Tbade-Mabkb.
Fob Whisky.— Lilienthal & Co., 8. F., Cal.
Fob Watches. — John W. Tucker (two cases),
8. F.. CaL
■ ■■ -Tbe patent* are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after the date of issue.
Vote.— Copies of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dkwkt h Co., Id the shortest time possible (by tel-
egrapb or otherwise) a* the loweBt rates. All patent
Doniness for Pacific coast Inventors transacted witb
perfect security and in the shortest possible time.
New Incorporations.
Tha following companies have filed certlfk-itea of
Incorporation In the County Clerk'a office at Ban Fran-
cisco:
Sranta Carta Ditch & M. Co.— Hay 14. Trustees—
P. H Kraner. R. E. Brewater, £. Green, J. L. E, Kelly
aud Joseph Mesaercr. Capital, f5.OOQ.000.
California Clat MANCFAcnmrNO Co.— Mav 14.
Trustees— John Bearle. Charles 8. Peck. H. W. Plum.
jner, F. W. Beynegoiu and Holland Smith. Capital.
$500,000.
CAJiuoarrntD Gas Machine Co.— May U. Trustees—
Charlcn F. Webster, John 0. Henderson, Marshal Pierce,
F. B. Monteverde and D. P. Baratow. Capital, $500,000.
Con. Comrtoce 8. M. Co.— May 14. Trustees— 8. B.
Holrombr, H. J. Craven. O. H. Bogart, W. W. Hlckles
and Dennis Heagarty. Capital, $10,000,000.
Hamuobo M. Co.— Location: Eureka. Nev. Trustees
— 0\ F. Lawton, 8. P. Denney, Geo. F. Brarg. O. D.
o' Sullivan and John A. Paxtou. Capital Btock,
$8,000,000.
Kajmjl Kiveb Land and Canal Co.— May JO. Object:
To oonjtraot a caual 100 feet wide, more or less, and
four f'l-l deep, from a point on. Kern riwr. n.>ar the
mil mad bridge, Kern county, extending thence tn
Tulare Lake, for Irrigating, manufacturing, commercial
and mining purposes; to buy and sell, lease and other-
wise acquire lands and manage the name; to raise, buy
and sell live stock, and generally to engage In every
branch of business pertaining to canals, agricultural,
timber, mineral or grazing lands. Trustees— W. H.
Baxter, William Holden, J. P. Moore. O. P. Calloway,
J. A. Robinson, Charles F. Brown and E. W. Scott.
Capital stock, JoOO.OqO; shores, $100.
General News Items.
The seat for Tipperary buabeen awarded to
Moore, opponent of the late John Milchel, on
the ground that the latter was not entitled to
an election, as he had forfeited his allegiance to
the crown.
Jkbrmiah Hamilton, the well known colored
speculator of Wall street, formerly a slave in
toe West Indies, is dead. He was said to be
the richest colored man in the United States —
worth a million dollars.
Pbtjestrianism has found a new disciple in
Daniel O'Leary, who has just finished, at
Chicago, a wulk of 500 miles, wfcich he accom-
plished in the unparalleled time of 153- hours.
Senator Booth was serenaded at the Grand
Hotel on Wednesday, evening of last week and
made a speech defining his political position.
Permission has been granted the Southern
Memorial Association to visit Arlington ceme-
tery on June 1st, for the purpose Of decorating
the graves of the Confederate dead.
Fbotjde, James Akthony has been talking
up South Africa and now the Government
ndd him out there on public service.
The Nevada Bank of San Francisco, an out-
growth of the bonanza, has been incorporated,
with a capital of $5,000,000.
By a great fire at Osceola, Pa., last week,
100 families were rendered homeless and an
immense amount of property was destroyed.
I A decree affirming freedom of discussion
and of the press, within oertain bounds, has
been promulgated in Spain,
j The Centennial of the Mecklenburg Declar-
ation of Independence was celebrated in
.Charlotte, N. C, on the 20th inst.
j A prominent lawyer of Boston has disap-
peared with $160,000 held in trust by him for
:« (different parties.
; Lieutenant J. L. Clem, known as "The Lit-
lle Drummer Boy of Chicamauga, " was married
I {to Miss Fitch, of Baltimore, last Monday.
I A plot to arm the inmates of the Oregon
State prison preparatory to a general 6scape
jhas been frustrated.
I I Genebal Sherman's Memoirs, just published,
I ore creating a decided sensation in military
^ j circles.
I No developments yet as to the perpetrator of
j;he Amador County Treasury safe robbery.
J. C. Lamar, the oldest resident of Yosemite,
1 died in his cabin in the valley last Monday.
I Articles of incorporation of the San Fran-
< bisco News company have been filed.
Hill Beacht, an old pioneer and well
known on this coast died, last Monday.
Paul Boynton is to make another attempt
to cross the English channel.
The business portion of Milton was burned
ast Thursday night.
Mas. Abraham Lincoln has been committed
■o an insane asylum.
Fourteen lives were lost by the shipwreck in
■he Gulf of St, Lawrence.
Three persons died of starvation in Cooper
county, Missouri, last week.
A $50,000 fire in Minneapolis, Minnesota,
ast Monday.
The Pennsylvania miners' strike is practi-
ally at an end.
The San Francisco Fire Patrol is now ready
or duty.
Two earthquakes in Santa Barbara last week.
Scientific and Practical Books
on Mining, Metallurgy, Etc.
Published or issued, wholesale and Retail, by DEWEY
CO., Minimi and Scientific Pbehs OtSce, 3. F.
BY CUIDO KUSTEL,
MUONO K.NQrNF.ER AND METALLURGIST.
Roasting of Gold and Silver Ores, and the
Extraction of their Respective Metals without Quick
silver. 1870.
This rare book on the treatment of gold and silver
ores without quicksilver, la liberally illustrated and
crammed full of faotB. It glveB short and concise de>
scriptlons of various processes and apparatus employeu
in this country and in Europe, and explains the why
and wherefore.
It contains 142 pages, embracing illustrations of fur-
naces, Implements and working apparatus.
It is a work of great merit, by an author whose repu
tatlon Is unsurpassed in his speciality.
Price $2.60 coin, or $3 currency, postage free
Concentration of Ores (of all kinds), in-
cluding the Chlorination Process for Gold-bearing
Sulphurets, Arseniurcts, and Gold and Silver Ores
generally, with 120 Lithographic Diagrams. 1867.
This work is unequaled by any other published, em-
bracing the subjects treated. Its authority is highly
esteemed and regarded by its readers; containing, as it
does, much essential information to the Miner, Mill
man. Metallurgist, and other professional workers in
oreB and minerals, which cannot be found elsewhere
in print. It also abounds throughout with facts and
instructions rendered valuable by being clearly ren-
dered together and in simple order. It contains 120
diagrams, illustrating machinery, etc., which alone are
of the greatest value. PRICE REDUCED TO $5.
Nevada and California Processes of Silver
and Gold Extraction, for general use, and especially
or the Mining Public of California and Nevada, with
full explanations and directions for all metallurgical
operations connected with silver and gold from a
preliminary examination of the ore to the final cast-
ing of the ingot. Also, a description of the general
metallurgy of silver oreB. 1804.
Ah itB title indicates, this work gives a wide range of
information, applicable to all vein miners and workers
in precious metals, affording bints and assistance of
exceeding value to both the moderately informed and
the most expert operator.
Price, $6 in cloth; $6 in leather— coin.
BY OTHER ATJTHOBS.
The Quartz Operator's Hand-Book ; by P .
M.Randall. 1871. Revised and Enlarged Edition.
Cloth bound, 175 pageB. Price, $2.
SlllphuretS: What They Are, HOW Con-
centrated, How Assayed, and How Worked; with a
Chapter on the Blow-Pipe Assay of Minerals. By
Wm. M.Barstow.M.D.; 1867; cloth bound, 114 pages.
Printed and sold by Dewey & Co. Price, $1; poBtage
free. The best written work, and most complete
work on the subject treated.
ANY OTHER BOOKS DESIRED will be furnished at
the moBt reasonable rates by Dewey & Co., Mining and
Scientific Proas Office. 8. F.
UNITED STATES
Mineral Land Laws, Revised Statutes,
And Instructions and Forma Under trie
tome.
We hive just issued a pamphlet oontnining the gen
eral mineral land laws of the United States, with in.'
strnctlona of the Commissioner of tUe Land Office.
The coutf nte of this pamphlet comprise all of the Gov.
ernment laws with relation to mineral lands of Inter-
est to the mining community, as follows: Mining
Statute of May 10th, 1872, with Instructions by the
Commissioner of the Land Office; Mining Statute of
July 26th, lstVJ; Muling Statute of July Olh, 1870
Forms required under Mining Act of May lOtb, 187% M
follows: Notice of Location; Request for BtSvey; Ap-
plication for Patent; Proof of Posting Notice and Dla-
gram of the Claim; Proof that Plat and Notice remained
Posted on Claim during Time of Publication; Regis-
ters' Certificate of Posting Notice for Sixty DuyB; Agree-
ment of Publisher; Proof of Publication; Affidavit of
$500 Improvements; Statement and Charge of Fees;
Proof of Ownership and Possession in Case of Loss or
absence of Mining Records; Affidavit of Citizenship;
Certificate that no Suit is Pending; Power of Attorney:
Protest and Adverse Claim; ;Non-MineraI Affidavit;
Proof that no Known Veins Exist in a Placer Claim,
etc. There Is ulso given the IT. 8. Oosl Land Law and
Regulations thereunder. The work comprises thirty
pagou, and will be sold, post-free, for 50 cents. It
should be lu tbe hands of every one having
any mining Interests. DEWEY it CO.,
Publishers of Mining and Scientific Passs, 8. P.
N. B.— We have also added to the. above publication,
the Revised Statutes or the United States, bo for as
relates to Mining Laws.
Our Afgents.
Oub Fhienbb can do much In aid of our paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents In their labors of canvassing, by lending their
influence and encouraging favors. We Intend to send
none but worthy men.
J. L. Tharp— San Francisco.
B. W. Cbowell — California.
, A. C. Ohampion— Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties.
D. J. James — Australian Colonies.
J. O. Ewtng — Contra-Costa County.
John Rostron — Merced County.
W. C. QurNBY, Eastern and Western States.
B. E. Lloyd — Nevada and Placer Counties.
B. Goodwin— Califoroia.
A. O. Knox, Southern California.
G. W. McGbew— Santa Clara county.
L. P. MoCabty— California.
H. D. Morgan — Santa Cruz County.
J. W. Riley — San Joaquin and Stanislaus Counties.
Ohab. T. Bell— California, Oregon and W. T.
Any Person receiving this paper after giving an
order to Btop it, may know that such order has failed
to reach ns, or that the paper is continued inadver-
tently, and they are earnestly requested to send writ-
ten notice direct to us. We aim to stop the paper
promptly when ltis ordered discontinued. tf
The Large Circulation of the Min-
ing and Scientific Pbess extends throughout
the miniDg districts of California, Nevada,
Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Idaho, Montana,
British Columbia and to other parts of North
■and South Amerioa. Established in 1860, it
has long been the leading Mining Journal of
the Continent. Its varied and reliable con-
tents giving it a character popular with both
its reading and advertising patrons.
BTJSSEL1VS
OREON PILE CURE.
To those suffering from Piles — External, Internal
and Itching Piles: You can be cured, as hundreds of
others have been. Send for Circular and see undoubted
testimony. Will send sample bottle for $2, or three
bottles for $5.
Call upon your Druggist, or address
DR. RUSSELL.
No. 5 Post etreet, San Francisco.
Ames' Genuine Chester Emery
<$>
Has been reduced from seven cents to six
cents per pound for grains in kegs, flour
and fine flour remaining at four cents per
pound, as heretofore. Important discounts
to tbe trade. Send for circulars.
HAUGHWOUT & CO.,
26 Beekman Street, New York.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Grasand "Water Pipe, Cast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
WM. McCRINDLE, Manager, 22 fc 24 Fremont St., S. F.
m6-m2
f/lipipg and Other Companies.
gfAciFic Mural ||ress,
A first-crass 16-page Agricultural Home Journal, filler
with t'rush. valuobleend interesting reading. Every
farmer and ruralist should take it. It is im-
mensely popular. Subscription, $4 a year.
DEWEY & CO., Publishers,
No. 221 Sansome street, BAN FRANCISCO.
SuBscniBEns ore requested to examine the printed
address on their papers. If mistakes occur at anytime,
please report them to this office. The last figures (at
the extreme right) represent the year that your sub-
scription is paid to. Next to these the day and month
is represented. For instance, your subscription being
paid to July 4th, 1876, it would be represented, viz :
j3 ■* S ; or 4J176; or juH,76,
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company. Location of principal place of business,
San FranciBCO, Cal.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of aBBeBsment levied on
the 1st day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Burke, T 33 100 $ 50 00
Burke, T 34 60 25 00
Burke, T 35 50 25 00
Hendy, Joshua 84 70 35 00
Hendy, Joshua, TruBtee.73 24,650 12,275 00
Hendy, JoBhua, Trustee. 78 2,116 1,068 00
Reardon, John 80 50 25 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 1st day of April, 1875,
so many Bhaaes of eaeh parcel of Bald stock as may be
necessary, will be sold at public auction, at the. office
of the company, 408 California Btreet, room 16, on the
18th day of May, 1876, at the hour of 1 o'olock p. u.,
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, Room 16, No. 408 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
POSTPONEMENT,— The above sale Is postponed
until Tuesday, the 16th day of June, 1875, at 2 o'clock
p. M. By order of the Board of Dlreotors.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Carbon Coal Company— Principal place
of buiinras, gun FrancKcu. California. Location of
works. Coutra Coats County, California.
Nutic* is liervby k'h'en. that at a mating of the Board of
Dlractori, h«ld 00 the lat day of May, 1STS, an aasaaamaai
of $I.2A per share was levied upon the capital stock of the
corporation, payable immediately, in Uoitcd States gold
andallver com, to tha Secrelary, N. C. Faaaett, No. 220
Clay street. San Francisco, California.
Any Hock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 1st day of June, 1*1 V will be dehaqoeni, arid
iidvcrtiseu for aalf at public nudum, and unless payment
is made before, will be *olu on the Mth day of June, 1875
to pay the delinquent aaso«snieiit, together with co*ta of
advertising and expenses of anle.
N. O. FASfiETT. Secretary.
Office, No. ■„•-'<> Clay street. San Francisco, California.
Cordillera Gold and Silver Mining Com-
Sany. Location of principal place of huslne«B, San
'ranciBco. « 11I, Location of works. Mure la* Mining
District, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, hold nn the Mh instant, an aa*soaainent of Ten
cents rer nh-ire was levied upon (he capital atook of the
corpora ion. payable inimedii<tuly, in Un'ted Stxtes gold
coin, to tr'<> hr r< taij. ut iho office of tht company, No.
321 Washington alraet, San Fiau -isco. OaJ.
Auv >.i"i'l. ti|. .n wliicli i.hi'i ii-M's-iiH-nf sliitll lemain an.
paid on ihe l*lh day of -tune, 1*75, will bo ddimiuetit, and
advertised tor sal-' at public auction, and unless ptiyment
is ma V before, will be aold on Saturday, the 3d day of
July, IB*.'), to pay tbe delinquent ossosBmont, turn her with
coats of advertising and expense* of sale. By order of the
Board of Directors.
„„ „ . ,„ , HENRY R. REED, Secretary.
Office, No. lt-1 Washington street, San Krancifoo, t'al.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
§ any.— Principal pluce of busiueas. Oily und County of
an Francisco, State of California. Location of works,
Cherry Oreek Mining District, White Pine County, State
of Nevada.
Notice Is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of
Directora, held nn tbe 13th day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty-five ceols per share wax levied upon tbe
mpital atook of the corporation, payable Immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco,
Any Btock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on tbe 1 It h day of June, 1875t will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is mode hefor«, will ba sold on Wednesday, the 30th day of
June, 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MILLIKEN. Secretary.
Office, Room 14,302 Montgomery street, Son Francinco
Cal.
Nevada Land and Mining Company—
Location of principal place of business, San Francisco,
California. Location of works. Spruce Mountain Min-
ing District, Elko County, State of Nevada.
Notice is hereby given, tbatat a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 1 4 1 1 1 day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment (No, 17} of Two centB per share was levied upon
the caj)jt;il stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold ooln, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company. Rooms ^ and 6, No. 302 Montgomery Btreet,
San FranciBOO, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Saturday, the 19th day of June, 1875, will be
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auction,
and unless payment is made before, will be sold on
Saturday, the 8th day of July. 1875, to pay the delinquent
assessment, together with costs of advertising and ex-
penses of sale. By order of the Hoard of Directors.
WM. H. WATSON, Secretary.
Office, Rooms 5 and 6, No. 302 Montgomery street. Ban
Francisco, Cal.
Orleans Mining Company.— Location of
Erincipal place of business. Sau Franaisoo.'Caltfornia.
location of works, Grass Valley Township, Nevada
County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said corporation, held on the 27th day of
April, 1875, an assessment (No. 4) of one dollar per snare
was levied upon the capital stock «f said company, paya-
ble immediately, in gold coin of the United States of
America, to the Secretary, at the office of the company,
room 8, No. 315 California street. Nan Fiancieco, California.
Any stock upon which said assessment ahall remain un-
paid on Tueeday, the let day of June, 1875, will be
advertised on that day aa delinquent, ana unless payment
shall be made before, will be Bold on Tueadav, the £2d
day of June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, to-
gether with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
GEO. P. THURSTON. Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 815 California wtroet, San Fran*
Cisco, Cal.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco,
State of California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the seventeenth day of February, 1875, the several
amounts set opposite the names of the respective
shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
GeorgeHearst 42 2000 $100 00
George Hearst 83 680 29 00
John J Mountain, Trustee. 66 100 5 00
Jul m J Mountain, Trustee. 67 100 5 00
John Mullen, Trustee... .110 3250 162 50
S Davis, Trustee 32 6000 260 00
A F Beuard, Trustee 108 29 145
A F Benard, Trustee 68 100 6 00
Hermann Toel ken, Trustee 61 100 5 00
Henry Boyle, Trustee 67 2000 100 00
Henry Boyle, Trustee. .. .113 224 11 20
Henry Boyle, Trustee. . . .113 356 17 80
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 17th day of February,
1876, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction, at
the salesroom of Maurice Dore & Co., No. 326 Pine
street, Ban Francisco, CaL. on the 17th day of
June, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock if. , of said day, to
pay said delinquent assessment thereon, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGA.RD. Secretary.
Office, Room' 13, No. 318 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Umpire Tunnel and Mining Company —
Prinoipal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location 01 works, Big Cottonwood District, Salt Lake
County, Utah.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on tbe 20th day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 4) of Five (5) cents per share was levied upon
the capital Btock of the corporation, payable immediately,
in United States currency, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company. No. 531 California street, Ban Francisco.
Cal., or to the Superintendent.
Any atook upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the First day of July, 1875, will b>s delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be Bold on Monday, the Second day of
Aueust, 1875, to pay the delinquent aHRfsBment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California Btreet, San Francisco,
California.
Virginia Consolidated M. Co.— Principal
place of business, San Francisco, California. Location
of works, Koarsarge Mining District, Inyo county. State
of California,
Notice iB hereby given, that atameeting of the Board of
DireotO'B, Held on the 2lsr day of April, 1876, an assess-
ment of t-en cents per share waa levied upon the capital
stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in United
StateB gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the com-
pany, in San Francisco. California.
Any Btock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on tbe 1st day of June, 1875, will be delinquent and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, tbe 28th day of
June, 1876, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with oosts of advertising and expenses of sale.
T, B. WINGARD, Secretary.
Office, No. 318 California street, (room No. 13) Han
Francisco, California,
358
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 29, 187 $ P
Iroji and Machine tofku.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
{ Will Remove about June l*t, toS.W. Cor.
Harrison and main.)
128 and 116 Beale Street SAN FKANOI8CO
JT. I- CURBY,
Late Foreman of the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
8oi1e manbfa0tubl2ts of the celebrated
spibaij boiler.
SHEET IKON WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and BEPAIBINa promptly
attended to. ■ 17v25-3m
THE BISDON
iron and Locomotive Works,
INOOBPOBATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN FBAMOIBOO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines. Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Murine, Locomotive
and Stations, y ) , Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors:
Joseph Moore,
Win. Norris,
Jesse Holtaday, C. E. McLane,
Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
•24vl7-OJ , ■
FULTOW
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MAHOrAOTDEJlBl OF
8TKAM ENGINES,
Quartz, FIoot and ©aw Mills,
B. iyea* Improved Steam Pump. Brodle's Im-
proved Crasher. Mining Pnmpi,
Amalgamaion, and all kind*
of Machinery.
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fremont stroeta, above How-
•treet, S»n Francisco. S-47
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAHTJTAOTIJREH3 OF
fe*T.E A.M ENGINES, BOIIiEBS,
OBOSS* FATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar' s Patent Self- Adjusting Steam Piston
FAU KIN O, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kind* of Mining Machinery.
Front Street, between ST and O streets,
Sacramento Oitt.
NHEET IRON I*II»E,
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pre&Bure, and contract te
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Oars. These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and con be
fitted up with the improved axle and bos — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
»7* All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
44v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE. Superintendent.
G. W. Peescott.
I
W. S. ECKABT.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVELXE, ---- QAL.
PEESCOTT & ECKABT,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
Hoisting Machinery, Saw tind Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts Car Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Ejiglnes constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
T. A. McOobmiok. Osc.vb Lewis. J. MoCobsiick
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Pafticu-
ar Attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 236 BEALE STREET,
Vet, Howard and FolBom Streets, 8*2! FRANOIS0O-
PARKE 4.LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Bock Drill Oomoany.
— MANTOFACIURERB OP—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPEESSOES AND OTHEK MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting, Putnam Ma-
chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PARKE «Sfc 3LiA.CY,
310 California St., S. F.
Randol and Wright's Quicksilver Purifying Apparatus.
For Description Bee Mining and Soibntipi Peess, November 7th, 1874.
t Patented Noyembeb 25th, 1873.
RANDOL AND FIEDLER'S QUICKSILVER CONDENSERS,
MADE OF WOOD AND GLASS.
Patented July 28th, 1671. See Mining Aim Scientific Pbesb, September 19th, 1871.
FIEDLER'S QUICKSILTEB CONDENSERS,
HADE OP IKON.
Patented February 24th, 1874. See Mintmo ANn Sotenttfio Pbess, November 16th, 1873.
For plans and rights to use, address
21v29-16p-3m P. FIEDLER, New Almaden, Gal
IbaP.Ranktn. Established 1850 A. P. Bhatton
Pacific Iron Works,
Fiest Street. '• San Francisco.
Oeo. W. Poge, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERT
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
3ole manufacturers and Agents of
PBATT'S PATENT STEAM. PUMP.
GODDAED & CO., Props.
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St.,
Near Howard, - - . - SAN FRANCISCO.
MANUFACTUBRBS OP
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting. Engines,
Prom Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse' Power.
N. B. — Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
Empire Foundry,
NOs. 137, 189 and 141 Pbbmort Stbekt, Sam PBAUoisao,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light GaetingB of every deflcription. House
Fronts, Mini tig and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Gaskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
K«. IBS First street, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
all aBBOBofBraas, Composition, Zinc, and BnbblttMeta
GaBtings, Brass Ship Work of all kinua, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, ttudder Braces, Hlngea.Ship andSteamboat Bells ana
Gtungsof superiortone. All kindsuf Cocks and Valves, Hy
iraulic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
A3- PRICES MODERATE: -tt
I. 8. WEEP.. V. KINOWELL.
mcafee, spiers & co.,
UOILER MAKER*
MID GENERAL, MACHINISTS,
Howard fit., between Fremont and Beale, San Franoisco
Occidental Foundry,
187 and 139 Fibst Stbeet,
San Fbancisgo
STEIGEB. & KERB,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IBON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice,
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Holler Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to malting Sups.
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, GAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROH
— AHB —
Every "Variety of Shafting,
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shafts* Oranki, Piston and Con*
4 uectlnfr Rods, Cor and Locomotive A.xlea
and Frame*
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IROIV
Of every description and size
n®- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Kranoiaco, OaL, will r«-
oeive prompt attention.
"9- Tbe hiRheet price paid for Sorap Iron.
California IVfaoliine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keatiug-'s Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdeaduo Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-Sm
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOUNDRY,
USHT iMIl HKATT OA8TIHS8,
of every description, manufactured. 2»vl6or
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, oward and Folsom, San Francisco.
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
Golden State Iron Works,
(CO- OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIEST STEEET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST m USE.
aUTCKSILVEB. FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better planB, with regard to economy and utility.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
MANUTAOTTTREne OF ALL EXfflDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Belts.
19, 15 and 17 Drumin Street, San Francisco. 4v241y
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horso power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY. No. 32 Fremont Street.
PARKE &. LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe*
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Havi.<g the LateBt Improved Machinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OB
■WATER WORKS,
To Contract with, us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
ISO Beale Street,
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS,
G. & H. BARIfETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Noa. 39," 41 and 43 Richmond street.
2 Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all
Pacific Coast.
the principal hardware stores on th
18V25JT
StmsoBiBEBs who by mistake get two copies of this
aper, should notify us without delay.
May 20, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
359
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Bale at TREADWELL & Co. Machinery Depot. San Francisco.
The Califobsu Planer and Matches 1h got-
ten up {rom ih-w pattern* specially for this
|| Coast. It DM Cut Steel Blotted Cylinder Head,
tunning In patem self oiling boxen; Matcher
Wndlea also of the best cut at eel. The Gears
•11 protected with iron covers. Will plane
34 In. wide and 6 In. thick, and tongue and
troove 14 In. wide. Will make rustic
gnd utii-k gutters, or heavy uiouldlngt), etc., and
ai tbobert Job Machine ever built.
•7*We have alwaya on hand a large assort,
meat of Planing Mill Machinery, all of the latent
improvements, including Planers, Moulding,
Morticing and Tenoning Machines, Band and Jig
Sam, fcc, Ac. Send for Catalogues and prices.
TREADWELL & CO.,
eowf-t San Francisco.
Adjustable Saw Ouag-e
Foot Power
lmprovRd Saw Arbors -
2¥X3?*XJfr
U Ul_JL_JL^JL_fl_JU
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Jig- Saws
Improved Band Saws
Buffalo Pony Planers.
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DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
vSO-fim-eow SAJV FRANCISCO, CAL.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills
[PATENTED MAY 2fiTH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
Sam Francibco, November 10th, 1874,
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
We take pleasure in Btatlng that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, Our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce the coBt of bteel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dieb superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that yon will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
Bold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will nut out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are nut capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes awd Dies are in ut-e in many of the largest
mills on the Paeific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far BupeTior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 centB per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased orushiug capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chippings, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orderB
from the manufactory East. Price Ifi cents per
pound Bhipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
With 'dimensions,
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
-A.re Durable, Compact and
Cbeap.
For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGrZDEIfcT,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
1845. The Harrison' Portable Mill Machinery. 1875.
FAST CRINDINC. SMALL POWER.
Thirty Tears' Experience in this Specialty, covered by Twentv Patents.
Address all orders,
v29-3m
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building:, S F
Direct Acting Steam Pump
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor. Fremont & Natoma
streets, S. F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use.
W SEND FOR OIROULAB
N. B.-~ Also manufacturer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double-Acting Force Pump,
ledal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
French Burr Stone Mills, run by hand, horse, wind, water or steam power. Flouring Mills
and Bolters, combined or sepurate ; Vertical and Horizontal Corn Mills. Feed Mill* and
Universal Pulverizers — will grind all Grains and Mineral and Vegetable substances.
Bend stamp for IUustrsited Catalogue con t am intr en r of piich (lesiirii and price-list.
* EDWARD HARRISON, Manufacturer,
No. litii Howard Ave., IVew Haven, Conn.
GIANT P0WDEE.
Patented May SO, 1868.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIA.TSrt POWDER, NO. 1,
For bard and wet Bock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, NO. S,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, eto.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
tff~ The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
v22-3ml6p General AgentB, No. 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANUFAOTUHEBB OF
T TT* ~¥f* V* T** X j ' ^
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes .
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F.
•WSend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List-sent free
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sbeete or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER TEED
PUMPS, AWD COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATEK ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL UFO. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
360
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[May 29, 1875
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 1 6 First Street,
F. 0. Box 168. San Francisco, Cal.
SOLE AGENT FOB THE PACIFIC
COAST FOB
J. A. Fay & Cos Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's gPatent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's EmeryJWheels
and Machinery.
Fitchburg Machine Co's sturteVbntl.xliauatcanIor ^e^,.
L- - 1 » t *ng" Shavings and Sawdust
Machinists TOOlS, from Machines.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
. Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S- PATENT STEAM PUMP.
Over 7.500 in Successful Use in the Unit
States.
"W. T. GARRATT.
fk CITY A
J&> Brass and Bell Founder, ^
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANUFAOTUBKRS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVERN AND LMI) BELLS. SONUS,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hoses and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocke, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur.
Dished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent improved Journal Metal."
IS-HigheBt Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, OOP
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MAHUFACTUKEB OF
SPArLDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to lie the most dn able and economi-
cal Saws in the Wond.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect,
Particnlar attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the loweBt Market Prices.
SAN FRANCISCO
Pioneer Screen Works,
Removed to 32 Fremont Street, near Market-
': J. w. qtticik:,
Manufacturer of perforated
sheet metals of every descrip-
tion, at reduced rates. Mill
owners u^iti^ Battery Screens
extensively, can contract for
large supplies at favorable rates.
This is the only establishment
on the Coast devotid exclusively
to the manufaotnre of Screens.
Mm
MILL MEN.
Wanted, by a thoroughly practical mill man, a situa-
tion as first engine foreman, or general manager. Is an
engineer and machinist 1 y trade, and has a fair knowl-
edge of assaying, milling, etc. Apply to
A. M- KRTJTTSCHNITT,
North 0 and Mill Btraets, Virginia City, Nevada.
$25
a day guaranteed using our Weil S
Auger Sl Drills. 9IOO a month aTi
naldto good Agents. Auger book SB
free. ,Ti] z Auger Co., St, LquIb, Mo j*
THE EXCELSIOR MINING PUMP
WITH EIGHT YEARS' USE OF THIS PTJMP WE CONFIDENTLY
Recommend its use for Mining and Prospecting.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
BRITTAN, HOLBROOK & CO.,
General Agents, 111 and 113 California St.,
Send for Circular.
SAN FRANCISCO, (And also Sacramento.)
BOOKS.
The Latest and Most Standard "Works on
ENGINEERING,
MECHANICS AND'iVIACMNERY,
STEAM ENGINE,
CARPENTRY, MASONRY,
BAIRD'S
METALLURGY.
ARCHITECTURE,
ASSAYING.
MINERALOGY.
MINING,
AGRICULTURE,
IRRIGATION and
HYDRAULICS,
FOR SALE BY
A. L. BANCROFT & CO.,
721 MARKET STREET, S. F.
Catalogues Supplied Free. \
—
GL?\ tn 49fi Per Day at home. Terms free. Ad.
<Pl» lu tP&V dress G. Stinson 4 Co., Portland, M.
Thursday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in- advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
FOR PRACTICAL MEN.
Our new and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS— 96 pages, 8vo.— sent free to any
one who will furnish his address.
HENRY CAREY BARD & CO.,
Industrial Publishers and Booksellers,
16p 406 Walnut street, Philadelphia.
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOR SALE OR LEASE!
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
County, 260 acres in extent. For foil particulars,
J. L.
"SEMI-pOFVr^BL,E"
OOAN,
233 Third street,
Or call at 412 Market street.
The highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair In Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
RISD0N & TOWER,
MANAGERS OF
Pacific Boiler, Sheet Iron, and
WATER PIPE -WORKS.
All Kinds of Boiler and Sheet Iron Work.
High and Low Pressure Boilers Built
and Repaired.
We refer to twenty years' experience In the above
business as a guarantee that all orders for work will be
faithfully executed.
OFFICE ANJf WORKS, 118 & 120 FREMONT ST.,
Bet. Mission and Howard, San FranclBco, Oal.
J. N. RISDON, formerly of Coffee & Risdon and
Risdon Iron Works.
OHA8. TOWER, formerly Foreman of Coffee & Bis-
don and Risdon Boiler Works.
Brass Foundry & Pump Factory.
A.. G. SMITH, Plairnber,
Sole Proprietor and Manufacturer of the
Celebrated Hudson Force Pumps, Atwood
& Bodwell Windmill Brass Pumps,
Smith's Copper-Lined Pumps,
Plumbers' Force Pumps.
JSj- Special attention paid to Brewers', Distillers', Beer
and Hot Liquor Pumps, an 1 Wine Pumps. Particular
attention paid to AIR PUMPS, also to
DIVERS' SUBMARINE PUMPS.
Artesian "Well Pumps Made to Order.
iPSF* Brass Castings Made to Order.
No. 222 FREMONT STREET, - - SAN FRANCISCO-
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'8 PATENT
for DIAMOND-POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to nil orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous-
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full Informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17,
24v26-tf
Ao lllaetrated Journal of
»V DEWEY A CO.,
Patent Solicitors.
SAN FKANCISOO, SATURDAY, JUNE 5, 1875.
VOLUME 3CXLX
Number 28.
Short Lectures on Patents.
No. 7— By Jito. L. Bowi, of Dewey ft Co'b Mining and
Bcmrrrrio Prejb Patent Agency.
Caveats.
It ia seldom that an inventor conceive* an
idea and at the same time conceives the best
method of carrying it into effect. Usually
the main idea comes first, and little by little the
method of operation develops itself. The
oaveat is intended to protect the inventor dur-
ing the period which -enanes between the con-
ception of the main idea and its embodiment
in a practical form. Many Inventors do not
understand the real object and effect of a caveat
and there are some persons who do not even
pronounce it correctly. One person recently
asked what it would cost to file a "cavis," an-
other wanted to file a "cravat," and still another
thought that he must file a "cavity" in order
to secure his inventions. These Partington-
iama, however, are of rare occurrence.
A caveat is a document addressed to the
Commissioner of Patents, giving notice that
the caveator, or person who files (he oaveat, is
engaged in experimenting upon a certain plan,
method, system,, device, machine or combina-
tion with a view to applying for a patent on the
same when it is perfected, and the oaveat must
describe the manner in which it is proposed to
accomplish the end, with sufficient accuracy to
enable the office to understand whatthe caveator
Proposes to do, and how he proposes to do it.
'his having been done, the law provides that
in case another person should, while the caveat
is in existence, apply for a patent which would
interfere with the rights of the caveator, the
Commissioner shall suspend action upon the
application, notify the caveator and require
him to file his application for a patent within
a specified time. The two applications being
now on file, it is an easy matter to determine
whether any conflict exists between them or
not. If there is a conflict an interference is
declared and the parties are required to produce
proof as to when each one made the invention,
and the one who proves priority takes the
patent. To use a homely phrase, a caveat is a
watch dog that barks when his master's rights
are in danger.
When a oaveat is placed on file, no examina-
tion is made by the Patent Office as to the nov-
elty or patentability of the invention. It is
placed in a pigeon hole ready for reference, and
if no conflicting application is filed during the
year that it remains in force, it is never heard
from afterwards. A person might file a caveat
on a device that has been in use for fifty years;
the Patent Office would take the fee, file the
oaveat and let it lie until it run out. While
a caveat is on file no one but the Examiners in
the office, the caveator himself, or a person
duly authorized by him, is allowed to examine
its contents, hence it is called a secret paper.
. Formerly the caveator was allowed credit for a
portion of the caveat fee when he applied for
his patent, but this provision has long been
abolished, and now the filing of a caveat entails
an expense which is entirely separate from the
application for a- patent.
An impression seems to have obtained
amongst a large number of inventors that they
can secure their inventions by simply paying
the caveat fee into the United States Sub-Trea-
suiy in this city, and receiving therefor a
receipt, without any other formality, and that
such a proceeding is equivalent to -filing a
caveat. The Sab-Treasury has nothing what-
ever to do with patents or inventions. The
inventor may purchase Sub-Treasury certifi-
cates for the purpose of forwarding them to the
Patent Office in payment of Government fees
simply as a convenience, but the Patent Office
prefers a postal order. In order to secure the
■ protection provided by law, the inventor must
file his caveat in the Patent Office, and no
where else. The caveat does not begin to take
effect until all of the papers are duly filed.
The Patent Office returns to the inventor an
official receipt sealed with the seal of the Patent
Office and signed by the commissioner, and
until this receipt is. dated, the caveat does not
begin to take effect. It some times happens
that an examiner overlooks a caveat and grants
a patent on the eame invention to another party
while a caveat is on file. When this is done
the caveator must apply for a patent within a
reasonable time and demand an interference
with the patent which has been granted. The
Patent Office does not hold itself responsible
for such oversights. Some times a caveat is on
file in one department of the office while the
substance of the invention is embodied in an
application which is acted upon in another de-
partment. In Buch a case it would be impos-
sible for the examiner in one department to
know about the caveat in the other department,
and the patent would be granted. When this
is the case, the caveator, if he diligently tiles
his application, will not be prejudiced by the
prior application, and the interference will pro-
ceed the same as if neither party had a patent.
two countries in which a caveat system exists.
In England they have a provisional protection,
which only protects the inventor for six months,
but which does not begin to compare with our
caveats. Too many inventors take advantage
ot the privilege of filing a caveat to protect
them after they have completed and perfected
their inventions, and when they ought to ap-
ply for patents. In such cases a caveat is
liable to do more harm than good, because the
inventor must make oath, in order to file a
caveat, that his invention is not complete. This
would give a showing of priority in favor of
any person who subsequently filed an applica-
tion for a patent and produced proof that he
bad completed the invention prior to the fil-
ing of the caveat.
The office of a caveat being to protect a crude
and imperfect invention, it requires considera-
MoFARLAND'S PATENT DRY ORE CRUSHER,
"A caveator who neglects to apply for a patent
for more than a year after another has obtained
a patent for the same invention is presumed
not to have completed it," (Com.'s decision,
Hildebrand, 1869). The ground upon which
this decision was made, was that the grant and
issue of a patent was a public act, and the
caveator was bound to take u otice of it and to file
his application within a reasonable time there-
after.
The law only provides for the filing of a
caveat for one year, but it can be refiled one
year after another by paying the proper fee, but
each renewal is considered as a new caveat and
not as an extension of the old one. If a cave-
ator allows his caveat to run out and another
party subsequently obtains a patent for the
same invention, the right of the caveator to
make use of his caveat in a contest for priority
depends upon his diligence in making his ap-
plication, for if he should not make immediate
application, his caveat cannot help him. "A
caveat is a secret proceeding which can only
benefit the caveator if diligently followed up
by the completion of his invention and the
filing of his application." (Com.'s decision,
1869.)
The expense of filing a caveat is compara-
tively small and the legal requirements are few,
so that it constitutes a cheap and ready means
of protection to the inventor and experimenter.
It relieves his mind of the fear that his discovery
or invention will be appropriated by some one
else, and leaves him free to experiment and
direct his energies to the work of improving
and perfecting.
Canada and the United States are the only
ble skill in its preparation. An improperly
constructed caveat is inoperative, and is worse
than nothing. It lulls the inventor into a feel-
ing of security, and the confidence that he
places in it is often "a cloud that hides the
progress of his enemy." When properly em-
ployed and" skillfully filed a caveat is the in-
ventor's safeguard; without it he would be like
the crow in the fable of the crow and the fox.
Let him but open his mouth to explain and
Reynard grabs up the prize and is off.
The Statistician.— The May number of this
excellent hand book contains one noticeable
feature. We refer to the complete, accurate
and admirably arranged list of postoffices
in California, Oregon, the Pacific Coast Ter-
ritories and British Columbia. By consulting
this list the inquirer oan ascertain at a glance
the time of the arrival and closing of mails for
any desired point. The other tables and the
general fund of useful information it contains
make the Statistician indispensible to the busi-
ness man.
Heald's Stbaw Burning Engines. — Mr. J.
L. Heald, of Vallejo, is building s six straw
burning engines of the following dimensions:
cylinder, eight inches, twelve inch stroke, and
sixteen- horse power; boiler nine feet six inches
long, forty inches diameter, a twenty-four
inch main flue, thirty-two two and one-fourth
inch tubes seven feet long. Engine bolted on
to side of boiler. Sheave governor and im-
proved heater; adjustable exhaust. Some of
the boilers of. steel.
A New Style of Dry Ore Crusher.
The illustration on this page represents a new
method of crushing dry quartz, which has been
patented by J. M. McFarland, of Virginia, Ne-
vada. The device is a novel one, the salient
features of which may be seen by a glance at
the engraving. A large horizontal iron cylin-
der is provided, through which a shaft passes,
having its bearings in a suitable frame. Inside
of this cylinder is another smaller iron cylinder
whioh is bolted at each end to the ends of the
main cylinder, both rotating simultaneously by
means of the same shaft. The inner cylinder
has slots out in it at intervals, in which are in-
serted small peculiarly shaped stamps, or bars
of iron with a stamp head at each end. The
cylinder is arranged a suitable distance from
the outer cylinder, so as to give the stamps
the requisite fall. The stamps as they approach
the vertical line slide in the cylinder and strike
a blow in the ore, and are then forced around
by the cylinder and have a grinding effect.
They strike two blows at each revolution. They
are arranged as close together as they can be
and work well, and strike a great number of
blows to each revolution.
The outside cylinder is the ore holder ioto
which the ore is fed atone end through the
hopper shaped spouts and discharges through
holes at the other end on to a screen, which is
arranged to separate the fine particles and
carry th» roftrae portion bick to the head of
the ore holder, to be delivered to it again for
reworking if necessary. The cylinder has
sufficient inclination to cause the ore to pass to
the discharge openings. - .
The stamps consist of bars .with steel heads,
the bars and heads being considerably longer
than the diameter of the cylinder whioh carries
them, and arranged in diametrical holes or
mortises in it, so as to project from the surface
as close together as they can and slide freely to
strike the blows. They slide endwise and fall
into the ore in the bottom of the outer cylinder
whenever they approach the vertical line; the
end sliding down and striking the ore remains
until it arrives near the top of the cylinder,
when the bar slides again and the other end
falls on the ore, and so on. A beveled shoulder
on the stamp keeps it in position in its mortise
until just at the proper moment, when it drops
on the ore.
The screen shown under the apparatus has a
shaking motion communicated to it by means
of the device shown at the end of the machine.
A toothed wheel engages with a smaller one
which operates a crank and rod, giving a lateral
shaking motion to the screen.
In the revolution of the cylinder the coarse
quartz will constantly roll over the fine, and
even without the aid of the stamps this will
tend to finely pulverize it. The stamps, how-
ever, keep continually dropping as the quartz
passes under them, and this, with the attrition
of particles caused by the revolution of the
cylinder, serves to pulverize the quartz thor-
oughly. As the coarse quartz constantly rolls
over the fine the stamps will work on the
conrsest quartz and have a better effect than
if dropping into a mass of coarse and fine
quartz. The friction of cams against tappets
is entirely avoided in this device.
This machine is very simple in construction
and operation. The stamps are made in such
a shape as to be easily replaced None
of these machines have been made as
yet, but the inventor thinks of making
the outside oylinder five or six feet in
diameter and eight or ten feet long, with stamps
to weigh from ten to three hundred pounds
each, with a drop of eight or ten inches. The
inventor will make liberal arrangements with
parties who purchase rights. After full investi-
gation and practical tests, he will give a free
right to proper parties to make the first one.
Those interested can address J. L. Tharp,
Mining and Scientific Peess office, where the
working model can also be seen.
This year the southern counties of Califor-
nia, principally Los Angeles, sent to San
Francisco 6,380,000 oranges, 620,000 lemons
and 80,000 limes. The consumption of Cali-
fornia is about 10,000,000 oranges a year, and
5,000,000 are brought from Mexico and the
Pacific isles.
362
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June s» 187S
Correspondence.
Mineral City Mines.
Edjtobs Pbess.— Thinking a few lines from
here might be interesting to some of your
readers, I take the liberty of sending the fol-
lowing few items. Just at this time we are
having a remarkably dnll and gloomy time, not
a stroke of work being done in the camp.
Last fall the Hayes mine was shut down, and
although the indications and prospects were
good, yet np to the present time work has not
been resumed.
The Ward Ellis closed their work about the
same time, and although the mine is perhaps
as good, if not the best mine in the camp, they
have quite a large pile of good smelting ore on
the dump, and oan extract plenty more very
easily. It is a great pity this company have
not got a furnace of their own. The Watson
company, after spending several months' time,
and a large amount of money, on their own
mines working them, it is generally understood
here, under the direction of some spiritual
medium in San Francisoo, and assisted by an
expert with a crooked stick, or some other
device that was supposed to turn or indicate
where the rich bodies of ore were, finally had
to abandon their mines, or at least are not
doing anything on them at this time. To add
to the disagreeableness of the situation their
mill was burned lately by some incendiary. Up
to the present time, no one has been arrested
for the act, but suspicion points very strong to
certain parties as the cause, and to one certain
party as having applied the match.
I hardly think the company will ever do any
more work here, as their mines do not look
very encouraging, and the camp is flooded with
their now useless checks, and the chances not
very brilliant of their ever being redeemed.
Judge Walsh, of this place, has had a lease
of the furnace and mines of the Canton com-
pany, and has been working the mines and
smelting the ore for nearly a year, and I think
with fair results.
The mines are certainly looking splendid and
show a large amount of good smelting ore, that
will pay well in silver. One of the mines will
average thirty dollars per ton in silver and
gold, and is rich in lead. Another, the Altman,
Is rich in gold, averaging at least §100 per ton.
Smelting was resumed this spring, after about
three months' idleness, and all things bid fair
for a season of activity and prosperity, but
when the furnace was started it was under the
foremanship of a totally ineoinpetent person —
one who probably had never helped charge a
furnace. As a natural oonsequenoe, the lining
of the furnace did not last more than half as
long as it should have done, and from 260 to
300 bushels of coal was burned unnecessarily
every day; besides, not more than three-fourths
the usual amount of bullion was made.
At Ward District,
Some twenty-five miles from here, the mines are
looking splendid. The Martin White company,
under the management of Lloyd Frizell, are
developing some really valuable mineB. They
have quite a large amount of good ore on the
dump, and have shipped ten tons to San
Francisco, to be tested at Selby's reduction
works, If the working proves satisfactory,
shipments will continue to be made until the
oompany oan complete suitable reduction works
of their own.
Take all our disappointments and bad luck
into consideration, and then look at our mines,
and I think when we get good, substantial and
honest men interested in our mines and furna-
ces, we will have the best mining camp in
Eastern Nevada. . Jaspeb.
Mineral City, Nev., May 20th.
Affairs at Panamint.
The Panamint News says: We have all along
taken the ground that the times in Panamint
would change for the better, and that we
should have as lively and prosperous a camp
as there is on the ooast. We confess, however,
that we did not think we would so soon be pre-
pared to say — in view of the vast amount of
mill work to be done, and the great delay inci-
dent to the introduction of oapital into a new
camp— that we were so soon to experience that
which is so greatly to be desired. Our prognos-
tications are about to be verified. Indeed there
is already a vast change to be noticed which has
taken place within the last two or three week?.
Previous to that time men were seeking em-
ployment and oould not obtain it, and they
would leave the oamp. Now employers are
seeking men, and they are not to be had to sat-
isfy the demand . Although quite a large num-
ber have come in within the past week or ten
days, still there is a further and large demand
for them — that is, for good miners. Consider-
ing the number of new oompanies that have
been started, those about to commence and the
near completion of the S. V. M. & Co. 's twenty
stamp mill, which will necessitate the employ-
ment of a large number of miners to supply it
with ore; also the fact that the lower mill will
soon be capable of reducing a large amount— to
say nothing of the projected sixty-stamp mill of
the same company, as soon as their other two
ar» completed and the new mill of the Sunrise
company — we think there will be quite a large
demand for miners and mechanics for some
time to come. The Surprise Valley company
do not now labor under the disadvantages they
experienced at first. Their mines are opened
to an extent that a large; force oan be advan-
tageously worked. Other companies will soon
have theirs in like condition, and altogether
we think the bright time for Panamint is near
at hand, and many miners who are now idle in
other places will here find employment at good
wages. In fact they are wanted now.
About Arizona Mines.
The general mining outlook of our Territory,
and especially of this county, is cheeriug.
Prom every section we hear of good mines,
new and old developing, and frequently See
and feel the metal lio substance.
Thus far out miners have worked with little
means and -without machinery or furnaces, and
yet we do not know of a single man who is not
pleased with his prospects. It is only a little
more than one year since the promised peaee
with the Indians has been believed permanent,
and in that short time great enterprises have
been undertaken and carried to a point where
success is now regarded as certain. Shafts
have been sunk, cuts made, and tunnels driven
into the mountains, revealing bodies of ore that:
bear a world of riches. And this good work
goes bravely on. Nearly every range of moun-
tains is filled with hardy prospectors, turning
over the treasure bearing rocks, bringing to
light new veins and preparing for the day when
extensive reduction works will enable them to
reoeive a good return for their present labors.
The growth of mining countries, except
where gold placers exist, is generally slow but
certain, if good metallic veins are found. It
takes years of patient toil to develop a mine so
that it is ready for the maohinery, and espe-
cially is thiB the case in a Territory so remote
as Arizona is from the mining and monetary
centers.
Had Congress granted us a railroad, our situ-
ation would have been second to none of the
mining empires growing up on the Pacific
coast. As it is, we must still work on hope-
fully, sowing that we may reap, knowing that
we have in lavish abundance the elements of a
golden future and that the better day so long
hoped for is not so far away as many would
have us believe.
The Ostrich mine will soon have its mill
completed, and then we will have a goodly
abundance of gold from that section. The
small Mexican furnaces keep producing a
quantity of silver planchas sufficient for neces-
sary expenses, at the same time developing the
mines.
Copper ores are shipped that pay over $100
per ton profit, and are not these facts in them-
selves suggestive of what can and will be done
when capital takes hold.
Very many sit down and indulge in gloomy
thoughts, wondering why oapital does not
come, when it is barely possible that no effort
has been made to make oapital acquainted with
the metallic wealth of the coun' ry — never wrote
a word, sent a paper or a piece of rook outside
the' limits of their own horizon. Is it to be
supposed that capitalists learn by inspiration
of the splendid opportunities for investments
in mines, or are .they to learn by the same
channels of information in which we have been
working for yearB? It is the duty of every
person who desires the welfare of Arizona to
send abroad by every conceivable source all
we know of the vast resources of our Territory,
-and let it be known among every class and
condition of men on the earth that Arizona
is without a peer in her capaoity for the
.production of the precious metals. There
should be organized effort to publish plain
truths of our fertile valleys, where large colo-
nies oould find pleasant homes; of our almost
illimitable grazing facilities; of our matchless
climate and our gigantio mines. When it is
known, as we who live here know and under-
stand it, there will be no more oomplaints of
negleot by those who are seeking a place to put
their money where it will do the most good.
We need more money and more muscle to de-
velop Arizona, and these we can have very soon
if we publish more fully to the world what for-
tunes lie within easy grasp in the near future,
— Arizona Citizen*
The Grave or Comstock. — We commend to
the owners of the Comstook lode the following
from the Bozeman Courier, and trust that it
may meet with favorable consideration. A
portion of their great wealth could not be more
appropriately spent than in commemorating in
marble or granite the man who made them
great through his disoovery, even though he
died in Montana,, a penniless wanderer. "The
grave of Comstock, the famous discoverer of
the great ledge in the State of Nevada which
bears his name, from which over three hundred
millions of dollars have already been extraoted,
and in which another three hundred millions is
said to be 'in sight,' the grave of this great
and now historic miner, is in a neglected spot,
in the Bozeman cemetery, and unmarked by
even a head-board. What say the owners of
the great bonanzas to this? Prom the millions
at their ready command, would it not be well
for them to contribute a few thousand to place
a commemorative stone over the renowned
prospectors remains?"
The Santa Cruz Sentinel states that the sur-
veyors have commenced operations at Half
Moon bay for the coast narrow guage railroad
jrom San Francisco to Santa Cruz.
Calaveras Gravel Mines.
The Calaveras Chronicle says : A visit to the
gravel mining enterprises in this vicinity fur-
nishes ocular demonstration of the fact that
unuBual activity is being evinced in operations
of that character. There is still no diminution
of the water supply,* and miners appear deter-
mined that a drop of the fluid shan't run to
waste. Owing to the fact that much less than
the usual quantity of snow fell in the moun-
tains last winter, miners arehaunted with fears
of an early failure of water and are putting in
their best "licks" while they have a chance.
In the great Happy valley hydraulic work goes
on uninterruptedly. Although a good deal of
piping has been done the claim is not yet fairly
opened, work, so far, being restricted to the
purpose of putting the mine in proper
shape for the extensive operations contemplated
in the future. A vast amountof labor has been
required in cutting a lengthy ground-sluice,
through solid bed rook, and laying about a mile
of flume. All the preliminary work is now
done with the exoeption of running a bed rook
tunnel from the head of the ground sluice to
the gravel bank, an undertaking that will be
pushed as fast as possible. The tunnel will be
three hundred and fifty feet in length, and its
completion will put the mine in admirable con-
dition for working. The claim is of sufficient
magnitude to last for years, and the prospects
are that it will prove very remunerative.
Cook & Co., proprietors of Sport Hill hy-
draulic, are pushing things with their usual
energy and vim. The completion of a bed
rook tunnel, for the reception of their flume,
has given them plenty of fall and an excellent
dump, and they are now trying to Bee how fast
they can transfer the hill to the gulch below.
The mine is skillfully managed, systematically
worked, and, best of all, paying handsomely.
The company have ground enough to keep
them employed for years, rapidly as they are
working it.
Moser, owner of Spring Goloh sluicing olaim,
is continuing operations with unvarying suc-
oess. He has washed a hole through the im-
mense deposit of tailings in the gulch as broad
as the Appiau way,|and will ultimately clean the
entire ravine out down to the bed rock. From
two to three thousand inches of water are used
in the operation, the supply being stored in
a reservoir at the head of the guloh. The en-
terprise pays, about $25,000 having already
been taken out.
Veith, the enthusiastio Tunnel ridge anni-
hilator, with a big head of water under an im-
mense pressure, is literally making the gravel
fly. The ridge is disappearing like a snow bank
under a summer's sun. The gravel bank is so
deep — 115 feet — that it has been found expe-
dient to use two streams of water, one for run-
ning off the top and the other for washing up
the bottom. Water is brought to the mine in
iron pipes, under a pressure of about 250 feet,
and directed against the bank through "Little
Giant" nozzles. The mine is also supplied
with two strings of flume to acoommodate the
different streams of water used. At present at-
tention is principally directed to running off
the top, although a strong force of hands is en-
gaged cleaning up bottom. The claim is one
of the most extensive in the country. At the
famous Duryea hydraulic, in Cbile gulch, work
is going on with that persistent continuity
which has characterized operations since Mr.
Duryea beoame proprietor of the mine. Three
hundred inches of water, having a pressure of
about two hundred and sixty feet, are daily
used, and none of. the applianoes known in
modern hydraulioing are lacking. Although
acres upon aores of the gravel deposit have
been washed away, 'there is no diminution of
the yield of the mine, and we ' believe it will
continue to pay for years to come. There is
probably no other gravel claim in the middle
or southern mines whose aggregate yield equals
that of the Duryea, and the amount total is
being largely swelled at every "clean-up." We
wish the oounty could boast of a dozen such
claims as the Duryea hydraulic
There are a number of smaller hydraulics
along the ridge — Collins', Henry's and Mo
Cann's — in all of whioh work is actively going
on with good results. The tunnel claims of
Bracket & Co., Brown and Querel are also be-
ing.steadily and remuneratively worked.
The Bed Hill hydraulio, under the manage-
ment of Mr. Haywood, is an enterprise entitled
to take rank among our most notable gravel
mines. It nas required a considerable outlay
of labor and money to get ready to work the
claim, but it is now in full blast and we don't
believe it will be behind any of the others in
point of yield. Water is conducted to the dig-
gings through an 11-inch iron pipe a. mile in
length, obtaining, in that distanoe, a pressure
of 160 feet. The gravel Is easily piped, and as
a large head of water is used washing goes on
rapidly. All the claims of which we have spoken
are within a radius of two miles of Mokelumne
Hill.
Tin in Powdeb.— A French journal gives
the following method of preparing tin for tin-
ning brass, copper, and iron: Melt the' metal
in a crucible whioh has previously been
slightly warmed, and at the moment the metal
begins to set, and when it is very brittle,
pound it up rapidly, and when quite cold pass
it through a sieve to remove any large particles
that may remain.
The Petaluma Argus is informed that the
Marin narrow guage railroad has more busi-
ness on the southern half of the line than it
•an perform with its present rolling stock,
A Mine In a Post Hole.
The Transcript, Nevada City, Oal., in speak-
ing of the Schmidt mine says: About a mile or
two. from town, on the slope of Woods' ravine,
embracing about twenty-five or thirty aores, is
the ranch and mine of John Schmidt. The
ranch was formerly owned by a Mr. Prescott,
and in early days was known as the Rising Sun
ranoh. About three years ago Prescott sold it
to the present owner for about a couple of hun-
dred dollars. Mr. Prescott had planted about
2,000 grape vines, a number of fruit trees and
blackberry bushes, and had a fine spring of
water for irrigating purposes. Several acres
were planted in clover, from whioh he ripened
two and sometimes three crops a year, A com-*
fortable house with three rooms made him a
oozy little home, and the produoe of the ranch
made a good living for him. But .Mr. Prescott
was getting along in years, and feeling the in-
firmities of age stealing upon him, he disposed
of his little ranch for a mere song, and went
back to his friends in the Atlantio States, where
he has since paid the last debt, and gone to his
final reward; for be was a good old man, and
had the respect of all who knew him. Shortly
after the purbhase of the ranch by Mr.
Schmidt, who intended to move out there with
his family, he employed his sons in digging
holes and planting trees and vines. While en-
gaged in this branch of industry, one of the
boys, while digging a hole about two feet deep,
struck upon a quartz ledge. More through
ouriosity than any expectation to discover a
rich mine, the boy shoveled out the dirt, and
Eioked out a chunk of the quartz, which, upon
eing examined, was found to be well sprinkled
with gold . Calling his father he informed him of
his discovery, and the work of taking out the
rock was commenced in earnest. As piece
after pieoe of rook was taken out, their hearts
fairly danced within them to see suoh a rich
pocket of gold and quartz. In a short time sev-
eral hundred dollars worth of quartz specimens
were extracted. Preparations for working the
ledge in a proper manner were then com-
menced, and from that time to the present the
ledge has been good paying property. Hoist-
ing works have been erected, whioh have all
been paid for, and we presume "Uncle Johnny"
and his boys have a few twenties laid away for
nest eggs. There are now sixty-six tons of
first-class rook at the Pennsylvania mill wait-
ing to be crushed, and several tons more are on
the dump pile at the mine. The ledge at the
bottom of the inoline, whioh is down 120 feet,
is about two feet thick, and ehows quite fret-ly
in gold. The ledge runs nearly the entire
length of the ranch before crossing on to other
property, so it is a safe prediction that the
Schmidt family have a good thing for a life-
time. How true is the old adage, "It is better
to be born lucky than rioh."
Oaiart- or the Nitbe Beds of Pebu. — The
nitre districts of Peru from a plateau of a mean
elevation of 7000 feet, fifteen to twenty leagues
broad, and several huodred iu length. Antony
Guyard, in the Moniieur Scientifique, proposes
the following theory to account for its forma-
tion. He supposes that there has been an
epooh when nitrogen compounds were disen-
gaged from the volcanoes, just as there were
porphyritio mountains, which have given rise to
the beds of kaolin and other clays. In general,
the sal tpetre exists in the form of saccharoid
deposits, composed principally of nitrate of
soda and chloride of sodium, mixed with ni-
trate and iodate of potash, chlorides of magne-
sium, aluminum and calcium, sulphate of lime,
magnesia and alumina. The earthquakes of
these regions he considers to be subterranean
electrio storms. The author opposes the view
that the nitre beds are derived from decom-
posed guano and the iodates from seaweeds.
He has also shown that the coloring matter of
the nitre beds is not of organio origin, the yel-
low being chromic acid and the violet manganic
A Light without Fibe. — In Paris, the
watchmen in all magazines where inflammable
or explosive materials .are stored, use for pur-
poses of illumination a light provided accord-
ing to the following method: Take an oblong
vial of the cleanest glass; -put into it a piece of
phosphorus about the size of a pea, upon whioh
pour some olive oil heated to a boiling point,
filling the vial about one-third full, and then
olose the vial with a tight cork. To use it, re-
move the cork, and allow the air to enter the
vial, and then re-cork it. The whole empty
space in the bottom will then become lumin-
ous, and the light obtained will be equal to that
of a lamp. As soon as the light grows weak,
its power can be increased by opening the vial
and allowing a fresh supply of air to enter. In
winter it is sometimes neoessary to heat the
vial between the hands to increase the fluidity
of the oil. Thus prepared, the vial may be
used for six months.
Impboved Fbeiqht Cab. — The Banlet man-
ufacturing company, Laconia, New Hampshire,
have constructed a freight car which can safely
carry two tons of freight to one of dead weight,
the reverse of which is true of ordinary freight
oars.' The body of the car is supported upon
one truck of six wheels.
An exhibition of all kinds of railway car-
riages in use throughout the world is about to
be held in New York, with numerous drawings
and models of everything appertaining to pre-,
gression by steam.
June 5, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
cientific Progress.
1 Sensations Produced by a Lightning
Stroke.
A correspondent of the American Artisan for-
nishes the following with regard to the effects
ofallghtuiog stroke: Of the three, my wife
only was "struck," and fell to the ground, my
■on and myself remaining erect, and all three
retaining consciousness. For more than half
an honr my wife lost the use of her lower limbs
and left hand, both of which became rigid.
From the feet to the knee she was splashed
with rose-colored, tree-like marks, branching
upward*, while a large tree-like mark, with sii
principle branches diverging from a commou
center, thirteen inches in its largest diameter,
and bright rose-red, covered the body. None
of us are certain of having seen the flash, and
my wife is sure she saw nothing. As to ihe
noise, my wife heard a "bellowing" sound and
• "squish," recalling fire works; my son also
heard a "bellow," while I seemed conscious
of a sharp explosion. My wife describes
her feeling as that of "dying away
ly into darkness," and being roused
a tremendous blow on the body, where the
ief mark was afterwardB found. My son and
■yself were conscious of a sudden and terrifl ■
genera) disturbance, and he affirms that he re-
ceived a severe and distinct electric shook in
both legs. My left arm, shoulder and throat
especially suffered violent disturbance, bat I
did not think it was electrical. As I turned to
help my wife, who was on the ground, I
shouted, as I thought, that I was unhurt, and
hoped they were also; but it seems I only ut-
tered inarticulate sounds, and my son, in his
first attempt to answer, did the 6ame. This,
however, was only momentary; in an instant
we both spoke plainly.
Neither of us referred the occurrence imme-
diately to its true cause, but the idea of being
fired at was present to all our minds; my wife,
indeed, remained of the opinion that she was
shot through the body, until she heard me
■peak of lightning. An infinitesimal lapse of
time enabled my son and myself to recognize
lightning; but I cannot say whether I did so be-
fore or after my first glimpse of the wreok on
the ground. Neither of us saw or heard the
mast fall, though it descended fifty feet, and
fell on hard gravel close to us. My son and
myself both experienced a momentary feeling
of intense anger against some "person or per-
sons unknown," further showing that we had
primarily referred the shook to some conscious
agency. I ought perhaps to add that neither
of us felt any sensation of fear at the time; but
we were all very nervous for several days there-
after.
Diamonds fbom Scgab.— A French chemist
has so succeeded in his experiments as to have
reasonable hopes of prodocing at leaet black
I diamonds, if not colorless ones, from sugar.
iHe has already obtained a carbon cylinder
hard enough 10 cut. glass, by exposing the per-
jfeotly burned sugar to a temperature of 1,800
I degrees Fahrenheit in a closed vessel without
I access of air. It will be an interesting develop-
| ment, as far as regards the production of sugar-
lyielding crops if this experimenter, shall suc-
ioeed fully in his designs, and cane and beets
. come to be grown with a view to their final
/transformation into diamonds. Truly we are
; living in a wonderful age.
1 Intebesting Disooveby. — Prof. Otoakes has
] demonstrated that direot mechanical effect can
1 be produced by light when luminous rays are
i allowed to fall upon one end of a moBt deli-
ioately balanced lever arm suspended in vacuo;
j the contrary has hitherto been assumed. Ex-
periments suggested by this discovery have
i been made, tending to show the cause of the
! revolution of planets on their axes. Dr. Grookes
has demonstrated by experiment that a number
of discs, arranged in a certain manner in vacuo
oan be made to revolve by throwing upon them
a pencil of light, and the rapidity of revolution
isln proportion to the -intensity of the light.
The Evapobation or Metals by Eleo-
itmoitt. — Mr. Hopkins describes an interesting
} experiment, which Oonsists in passing a charge
of electrioity through a very fine thread of plati-
I num, or other metallic, foil, the thread being
kept in place between slides of microscope
glass. The effect of the heat from the electric
discharge is to vaporize the metal, which is in-
stantly condensed in a transparent layer upon
the oold glass, which can then be studied by
the microscope, and can be used in various
ways to determine the character of the metal
and the peculiarities of the discharge.
I Intebesting Fact.— A small elliptical ring
1 of silver is heated to redness and then dipped
in a beaker full of water; at first there is no
sound heard, and for five or six seconds the
silver remains visibly red hot under the sur-
face of the water; suddenly there oocurs a
violent explosion, which sends the water in
I every direction, and usually breaks the beaker.
Interesting Aboh-bologioal Discoveby. —
An interesting disoovery of what is supposed
to have been onoe a pagan cemetery has been
made in the sand hills of Fiuner, between
Ballyshannon and Bundoran. The remains
found consist of human bones (many of them
soorohed), ashes, skulls in good preservation,
charcoal, and a cinerary urn.
M. Heyl, engineer of one of the German rail-
ways, io a recent report upon the development
of magnetism in the rails on railways, says: I
have observed that all tlie rails are transformed
at their extremities, after they have been
placed in position a few days, into powerful
magnets, capable of attracting and »f retaining
a key, or even a heavier piece of metallic iron.
These rails preserve their magnetism even
after they have been [removed, but they lose it
gradually. When in position, however, the
magnetism is latent, only becomiog free when
the chairs are removed and disappearing again
when they are replaced. Hence it is neoessary
to assume that two opposite poles come together
at each junction, and that each rail is a magnet,
the poles being alternately reversed throughout
the line. This production of magnetism in the
rails examined is undoubtedly attributable -to
the running of the trains and to the shocks,
frictions, etc., thereby produced. The hy-
pothesis of electrio currents, induced or direot,
must be rejected, since it is negatived by expe-
riments upon the Bubject nude with suitable
apparatus. Although the interest attaching to
the fact above stated is at present purely sci-
entific, it is not impossible that the magnetism
thuB developed may exercise an influence
actually beneficial upon the stability of the
roadway, increasing the adherence to the rails
and the friction. It is possible, also, that the
magnetic currents may be stronger at the mo-
ment of the passage of the trains, than either
before or after. If this be bo, the observations
may acquire a still higher practical impor-
tance.
A Boiling Lass.— Mr. Joseph Sturge, of
Birmingham, annpuuees that a discovery of
some considerable scientific interest has been
made in the Island of Dominica. Drs. Free-
land and Nicholls, Captain Gardiner, and Mr.
Watt, exploring the steep and forest covered
mountain behind the town of Rosseau, came
upon a boiling lake about 2,500 feet above the
sea level, and two miles in circumference.
When the wind cleared away for a moment the
clouds of sulphurous steam with whioh the
lake wae covered, a mound of waier was seen
ten feet higher than the general level, and
caused by ebullition. The margin of the lake
consisted of bed3 of sulphur, and its overflow-
ing found exit by a waterfall of great hight.
Steel va. Ibon Kailb.— The Railroad Gazette,
of New York, publishes a cut representing the
wear on a steel rail, laid down in 1865, on the
single main track in Clark street, Chicago, al-
ready alluded to in these columns, where nearly
all the trains of the Chicago, Book Island and
Pacific and the Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern railroads passed over it, and where en-
gines were constantly shifting. Iron rails in
similar positions were renewed as often as once
in six mouths, the steel rails having outworn
sixteen of the iron rails. The steel rail was
gradually worn down on one side, but there
was no splintering, as in iron rails.
Utilizing Wave Powkb.— H. A. Bonne-
ville, of London, England, has patented a new
device for utilizing the power of the waves for
propulsion of vessels and for other purposes.
The invention consists of a series of floats dis
tributed over a sea-going vessel, and connected
with plungers of air pumps intended to com-
press the air in a receiver, the floats being
raised or lowered by the action of the waveB,
and the air thus accumulated being used for
the purpose of driving an air engine or as an
auxiliary in driving a steam engine.
Tbitoiphs op Scienoe.— A candle 13,000 feet
distant shines with a light twenty thousand
times more brilliant than do some nebula;. Yet
the constitution of the nebula? has been deter-
mined. They are found to consist of hydrogen
and nitrogen. We know the nature of worlds
situated at a distance inconceivable! And the
relative ages of the stars we know. The white
stars are the hottest and the youngest. The
yellow stars, including the sun, are older; while
the colored stars are not so hot, and are still
older.
Fbogbess of Russia in Mandfaotubes and
Abts. — At the London International Exhibi-
tion, of 1872, the singular fact was made mani-
fest that the Russian paper makers surpassed
all others in the beauty, strength and variety
of the products of their skill. In commercial
printing and chromo-lithography, also, Russia
stood at the head, showing that the military
greatness of that nation is not its only title to
reBpect.
Htdbogen Gas in Ibon.— MM. Troost and
Hautefeuille, of the Ecole Normale, who are
studying the combinations of hydrogen with
the metals, have observed that gas exists in or-
dinary pig iron to the extent of twelve volumes,
and in manganese pig to the extent of twenty-
seven volumes. M. Deville attributes the pro-
jection of sparks from molten iron to the jetB
of gas.
The meeting of the British Social Science
Association will be held at Brighton in October
next, and there will be an exhibition of appli-
ances and apparatus relating to the sanitary
and educational systems.
Amebioan Ibon Ship Butldtnq. — Twenty-
three iron vessels were built in the United
States last year, representing 33,097 tons — an
average of 1,439 tons for eaoh vessel.
What Steel Is.
Mr Wm. Hackney has the following to say
on this much haokneyed question:
Steel might then bs defined as any variety
of iron that was oa-t into a malleable mass; and
<he two parallel serieB, the irons and the steels,
might be classified as follows:
fkbokCTaOB or c.umos,
0 to 0.2 I 0.1 to 0.35 I U.S6 to 0.K | 0.65 to 1 .50 or more.
BEE1XS OV THE l&OKS,
Granular I Steely irons.
Irons. | or soft pud-
j died steels.
Ordinary
Irons.
Hard puddled
steels. Ce-
mented steel.
Btyrlsn Bteol.
BEBJES Or THE 8TKKLB.
Ex. eott steels | Sett steels | H't soft steels I Bard steels
Steel was made by producing a melted alloy
of iron, containing a smaller proportion of car-
bon or other hardening elements than cast
iron. Fraotical steel making processes were
of three kinds— (a) Fusion in crucibles, pro-
ducing crucible steal, (b) Blowing air through
melted cast iron, producing Bessemer steel,
(c) Fusion on the open hearth of a reverber-
atory furnaoe, producing Siemens or Siemens-
Martin 6teel. Fusion in crucibles was the sim-
plest and oldest mode of making steel, and had
been practiced by the Hindoos from a remote
period. In the Hindoo process wrought iron
was melted in small crucibles, with one-tenth
of its weight of dried wood, producing a very
hard steel, with upwards of l.fl per cent of
carbon.
Steel In Europe.
It did not appear that any mode of malting
true steel was known in Europe before the ls-i
century. Reaumur announced in 1722 tha he
had made steel by melting together from oue-
fourth to one-third of malleable iron with oast
iron, in a common forge, and Huntsm in, be-
tween 1750 and 1770, succeeded in making steel
by melting cemented or converted bar iron.
Since Huntsman's time the processes of cru-
cible steel- making have been improved only in
points of detail, and by the trial or practical
use of nil the different materials for melting
that an advancing knowledge of chemistry had
suggested as capable of producing steel.
Malleable iron was melted by itself if it was of
the hardness needed to produce the required
quality of steel, or it was mixed with carbon
or cast iron, if too soft, or with oxide of iron or
of manganese, if too hard ; and spongy reduced
iron, or iron ore, was melted with carbon or
with cast iron.
Experiments on Steel— Magnetism and
Carbon.
At a recent meeting of the French Academy
of Science, M. Treve communicated the result
of the researches he had undertaken with M.
Dnrassier on the relations which exist between
the nature of steels and their coercive force.
M. Duraasier prepared fifteen bars of steel, divi-
ded into five series, differently carbnretted, of
three bats, each one of whioh had been tem-
pered in a distinct and especial manner. M.
Treve magnetised these by saturation, and deter-
mined their magnetic force by the method of
deflection. The bar dosed with carbon to 0.95
per cent, and tempered -with cold water, caused
a maximum of deflection represented by 47.
The bar oontaining the same percentage of
carbon, but tempered with boiling water, gave
44. The bar oontaining the same amount of
carbon, but tempered in oil, at 10 deg., centi-
grade (50 deg. Fah.) gave 43. The influence
of the liquid used for tempering is, therefore,
manifest. The influence of the percentage of
carbon in each bar is not less, for the bar con-
taining 0.95 per cent, gives a maximum of 47,
while that oontaining 0.25 per cent,
only gives 13. In preparing diagrams of varia-
tions for the different series of bars, the influ-
ence of the percentage of carbon and the tem-
pering liquid became manifest. It was re-
marked, however, that, at the top of the seals
in carbon, the nature of the tempering liquid
no longer exerted a very marked influence; 47,
44 and 43 are very near one to the other; coer-
cive force is but little manifest in steels whose
percentage of carbon exceeds from 0.5 to 0.55
per cent. Another remarkable fact is the sim-
ilarity of the magnetic curves and curves of
elasticity of the bars. Carbon gives elasticity
to the steel, and, at the same time, a capacity
for magnetism.
To Pbevent Cabs Jumping feom theTTbaok.
To prevent the numerous accidents to which
railroad trains are liable from one car jumping
the track, it is proposed to apply to cars a kind
of shoe, consisting of a clamp-like arrangement
which is affixed between the wheels of each
truck. This runs about two inches above the
rail, and if anything happens to throw the
wheels from the track, the clamp at onoegrasps
the rails, holds the oar on the track, and brings
the train to a speedy halt. Such a shoe will, it
is olaimed, prove a great saving of railroad
rolling stock, and will add greatly to the
strength of the truck, it being constructed of
iron and weighing 500 pounds. It is found by
experiments made with cars provided with this
device that the arrangement secures perfeot
safety against the class of accidents it is
designed to meet, and it is' also estimated that
on account of this additional strength which
such an attachment must necessarily supply, a
oar must last twice as long, on an average,
with as without it.
Steam, says Cassell'g Technical Educator, in
most of its properties resembles a gas, and,
like any gas, expands on the application of
heat to it. If then, the steam be exposed to a
high temperature, either its volume or its pres-
sure will be increased, and a gi eater mechanical
effect may therefore be obtained from it. An-
other advantage is also obtained by superheat-
ing the steam. Under ordinary circumstances,
when tbe steam is not at s very high tempera-
ture it is partly condensed by contact with the
oylinder and other working parts; and henoe
there is a deposit of water in them, and a cor-
responding loss of power. A few years ago
the tendenoy was to superheat the steam as
muoh as possible. It was found, however,
that if its temperature be raised above 315°,
the packing of tbe stuffing boxes is liable to
become charred, and the oil or other lubricant
used in the engine to be injured. The practioe,
therefore, seems to be gradually diminishing,
and is not usually carried much beyond the
degree that is requisite to render the steam
thoroughly dry. Very many different forms
of superheaters have been proposed and tried
with varying degrees of success. The usual
plan is to cause the steam to pass through a
series of tubes placed at the lower part of the
chimney, so that the heat employed is that
whioh would otherwise escape with the smoke.
It is not found that when fresh fuel has to be
employed any advantage is gained by employ-
ing it iu superheating the steam, instead of
applying it to the boiler in the ordinary man-
ner, Iu connection with the above we append
the following in relation to the oil from exhaust
steam from the Query department of the 5cten-
tific American : We have been thinking of
using our exhaust steam by turning it into a
tvnk containing oold spring water, thereby
heating our supply water and saving fuel. We
have been advised by experienced men not to
do so, as they say we should burn out our
boiler in a short time; they claim that the
grease contained- in the exhaust steam would
form into globules, which would sink to the
bottom of the boiler and prevent the water
from touching the plates, thereby burning them
out, and that they know this by actual experi-
ence with lake water in Chicago. With hard
water or water oontaining much lime, it might
be feasible; but with spring or soft water, it
would be disastrous. Are these opinions sound?
The journal addressed says ia reply: Tbere
would not be much danger unless you use a
very large amount of grease in the cylinder.
In nearly all ocean steamers the oondensed
steam is used for feed water. With a proper
oil oup, the amount of lubricant used in the
cylinder is very small, and is as effective as a
much larger quantity admitted carelessly. It
is not well to use tallow in such a case.
Mastio fob Ibon and Otheb Matemals.—
The following is the composition invented by
M. L. Machabee, which is said to prevent iron
from rust, and also to be applicable to other
materials, such as stone or wood, used in con-
junction with iron or other metal, in the forma-
tion of reservoirs or other works: Virgin wax,
100 parts; Galipoli, 125; Norwegian pitch, 200;
grease, 100; bitumen of Judea, 100; gutta-per-
cha, 235; red lead, 120; and white lead, twenty
parts; all of which, says the inventor, have
their special value. The materials are mixed
in a boiler in the order in which they are given,
the gutta-percha being cut up in small pieces,
or rasped. The mixture must be well stirred
at each addition, and when homogeneous is
poured into moulds, and looks like chocolate.
When used for preserving iron from rust, it is
melted and laid on with a brush; but far stop-
ping holes, etc., it must be iu a pasty state. It
may also be used as a glue, to fix a piece of
metal over a hole. For certain purposes, such .
as stopping holes in large vertical metal Bur-
faces, the composiiion is slightly varied, the
Galipoli being reduced to 115, the bitumen to
ninety, and the red lead to 100, while forty
parts of gum copal are added next to the gutta-
percha.
Channelled Nails. — Nails made from round
wire have always been complained of as break-
ing the wood, and a French manufacturer
named Chelot has introduced an improvement
in this article. He makes the nails of wire
which is channelled, or polygonal, either by
drawing, or rolling, and their use has become
considerable within a few months, they having
been adopted iu public works, after experi-
ments made by the Government engineers.
The report made by these gentlemen says that
the weight of the channelled nails is from 12 to
15 per cent, less than those of the same gauge
made from round wire; that the former hold 20
per oent. better in deal and 35 per cent, better
in oak than the latter; that the former injurd
the wood much less. The economy is about
12 per cent , with the other advantages men-
tioned. The new nails, like the old, may be
made from any kind of iron. The manufac-
ture is about to be undertaken by a company,
on a large scale.
Casting Steel. — At the steel works of Er-
mont, France, the method adopted for steel
castings is to connect the orifices of all the
molds with a canal in which the molten metal
is run from the furnaoe. The canal is fur-
nished with doors or partitions, inserted lightly
in the sand, which allow of the molds being
filled successively, or as otherwise desired, by
only removing the partition from one mold
when the preceding molds are full.
364
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[June 5, 187 si
ining Nummary.
The following 1b mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in the interior,m proximity to the mines mentioned
California.
ALPINE.
Tabshish. — Alpine Chronicle, May 29: We are
glad to learn that the hitch in the negotiation
for leasing the Tarshish mine and mill to New
York parties has been unraveled, and that
work will soon be resumed and the mine pushed
to a development. The mill is being put in
order by direction of Mr. Vance, the lessee,
who is expected to arrive at Monitor on next
Wednesday to take possession of the property.
BUTTE.
The Lava Beds. — The Chinamen are again
buying up whatever pieoes of mining ground
they can get hold of in the vicinity of the Lava
beds, or about town. Tuesday, George Miller
& Co. sold a small piece, just out of town and
near the Depot house, 132 by 273 feet for the
sum of $2,000. J. M. Burt sold a small claim,
of half an acre, for the sum of $500; also
another small claim of less than half an acre,
for $150. - Five years ago it would have been a
difficult job to get $10 for all three of the pieces.
Within the next few months quite a large num-
ber of claims will be sold at equally good
prices. There is mining ground enough about
town to last for years yet to come, and it will
pay well for washing.
CALAVERAS.
Favoeable Pbospects. — Calaveras Chronicle,
May 28: Messrs. Lewis & Fairchild, who some
time since located a mine near Leavitt's ranch,
in the Mosquito district, are obtaining the
most favorable prospects. The shaft on the
mine is sunk to the depth of about 70 ft, devel-
oping a vein of first-grade ore, averaging about
30 inches in thickness. They have about 50
tons of very rich rock now in the dumps, and
are rapidly increasing the. quantity by stoping.
A crushing of the rock previously taken from
the surface down to the depth of 20 ft yielded
an average of $10 per ton. All indications
point to the permanency of the ledge, and it is
probable that the next crushing will make even
a better showing than the first.
Kich Quahtz. — Charles Hickman, who re-
cently located a quartz ledge in the suburbs of
the town of Mosquito, is taking out excellent
rook. No great depth has yet been reached on
the vein, but the quartz will pay handsomely
from the top down.
San Bbuho. — Stoping has been commenced
in the San Bruno mine at Mosquito gulch.
Bock of extraordinary richness is being taken
out, samples of which have been shown us.
The ledge averages about two feet in width, all
high grade ore. The machinery works first-
rate and operations are being pushed forward
with vigor.
Woods Mine. — We hear very favorable re-
ports of the Woods mine, located in Washing-
ton district, near Sheep ranch. The ledge is
from 12 to 14 ft in width, composed of quartz
of extraordinary richness. There is a shaft
sunk on the ledge to the depth of about 100 ft
Work is being pressed zealously forward. The.
rock taken out is hauled to a mill owned in con-
nection with the mine and crushed, the aver-
age yield per ton being well up in figures.
West Point. — Times were never livelier in
West Point than at the present, nor the pros-
pects for the future more flattering. Work
upon all the principal mines in the district—
the Champion, Josephine, Mina Bica, Lone
Star, Good Faith, Anderson Flat and others —
is being urged forward with encouraging results,
and the area of development is being steadily
enlarged. Capital is extending a liberal hand
in promoting the mineral interests of the dis-
trict, and labor is stimulated by the degree of
success that is rewarding its efforts upon every
hand. No other portion of the county is ma-
king so good a showing as West Point, so far as
quartz mining is concerned, and there is no
question but that the permanency of a number
of promising mines in that district will be
definitely settled within the present year. All
the mills in the district are now employed to
their fullest capacity, and the ereotion of oth-
ers is in contemplation.
INYO.
Panamint Distbiot Items. — Panamint 'News,
May 25: Our report this week is from notes
furnished us by Mr. B. M. Wilson, a civil and
mining engineer of much experience on this
coast, who recently arrived here for the pur-
pose of examining our mines and to make sur-
veys for the Panamint Consolidated mining
company. We gladly give place to his opin-
ions, as haying had several years' acquaintance
with him, we know he is much more competent
to judge of the merits or demerits of mines
than we are. So far he has visited but three
mines.
Wyoming. — In all the levels and winzes
which he went through and carefully examined,
he finds that our description of that mine in
last Tuesday 'a issue is remarkably accurate.
The Crystal drift, he says, has greatly im-
proved since that time. He traoed the rich ore
chute from the croppings down to the lowest
level in the mine, a distance of 300 ft, and finds
it continuous and unbroken, and feels confi-
dent that as the center of the ridge is ap
proaohed a mueh larger body of ore will be
f onnd. The mine is now so well developed by
levels and winzes that a large number of men
can be put to work in stoping, and unlimited
quantities of ore can be extraoted, as soon as
they are ready for crushing.
The Hemlock.— What struck him forcibly
were its smooth and well defined walls, which
are Bhown to a depth of 200 ft, without a break
or fault, the vein being well charged with ore
of a very high grade. He had heard some
pretty big stories of the Panamint country, but
was astonished to find suca mines, and it is
bis opinion that the Wyoming and the Hem-
loofc are of themselves sufficient to make a good
camp. »
The Jacob's Wondeb. — The west winze,
from Kich gulch, is now down over 85 ft from
the lower level, making a depth, from the high-
est croppings of the ledge, of 500 ft. At this
depth a rich body of ore, over i ft in width, iB
developed. A large amount of ore can now
be stoped from the bottom to the surface in this
winze. The' walls show great regularity, and
there is convincing proof that the Wonder is a
true fissure vein, and he has not a doubt but
that it will be developed into a first-class mine.
Mr. Wilson is agreeably surprised both in the
appearance and developments in these three
mines.
Nobth Stab. — Since last report the tunnel
on this mine has been run in some 20 ft fur-
ther, making a total distance of 70 ft, and cut-
ting into the ledge about 6 ft; the total width
of the ledge, however, is not yet developed .
The depth from the surface, in a vertical line
to the ledge, is now 100 ft. Good ore is shown
to the end of the tunnel; in fact it has steadily
improved since work began.
Panamint Cons. Mining Company are push-
ing ahead with their usual vigor, with very
gratifying results. Their mines are still con-
tinuing to improve as they are developed. The
company have purchased a mill site, and from
present indications they will soon need a mill,
MARIPOSA.
Hite Cove. — Mariposa Gazette, May 29:
From our worthy district attorney, Campbell,
who has just returned from a visit to this min-
ing locality, we gather many interesting partic-
ulars concerning it. It is situated on the South
Fork of the Merced river, about twenty miles
north of this place and sixteen from Yosemite.
Mr. Hite located the mine in 1861 or 1862, aud
run a tunnel into the mountain 1100 feet before
striking the vein. Since that time it has been
extended fully 3000 feet more, and has branches
running in various directions. Mr. Campbell
tells us that it is as well improved, and worked
to as good advantage as any mine in the State.
Mr. Hite has erected at a convenient distance
a twenty stamp mill, run by water power, a
good hotel, store and other buildings, and has
a garden comprising two acres, in the highest
Btate of cultivation, which produces every kind
of vegetables. Water fountains play in every
direction, and the whole soene is one of com-
fort aud beauty. Great inconvenience has
heretofore been experienced for the want of a
good road from the top of the mountain, but
that want is no longer felt, a first class one
having just bean completed to the head of the
water ditch. The money employed in making
these improvements has been all taken from
this mine. Mr. Campbell is of opinion that no
one can examine the works and improvements
here without pronouncing Mr. Hite a man of
extraordinary sense, as his head directed all.
Contiguous to the Hite Cove mine are several
others, which will pay well, when properly
opened, viz: the Allen and Mooney mine, the
Gibbs, the Georgia Point, and the Beynolds'
Cove mine. This latter is an extension of the
Hite Cove, just on the opposite side of the
mountain. A tunnel is being vigorously pushed
in toward the vein, and when reached big re-
sults are expected. Mariposa county, we again
assert, ia the richest in . the State for mineral
wealth, and the day will yet dawn (and in the
not distant.future) when this wealth will be de-
veloped. Whenever the Mariposa land and
mining company shall determine to introduce
water upon their possessions from the south
fork of the Merced, a rush will be made in this
direction that will remind people of the stirring
times of '49 and '50.
Feliciana Mine.— This mineislooated twelve
miles north-east of the town of Mariposa, near
the village of Colorado. It has all the im-
provements of a first-class mine, consisting of
a ten. stamp mill, run by a thirty-horse power
engine. It has an abundance of water -and
timber near it. A tunnel has been run, strik-
ing the vein 300 feet from the surface. It also
has a shaft striking the vein at a depth of 300
feet. The width of this vein is five feet, and it
has paid as high as $300 per ton.
NEVADA.
j Empibe Mine. — Grass Valley Union, June 2 :
•Yesterday was retorting day at the Empire
mine, and the product was $26,000 for a run of
twenty-three days. The old mine seems to be
rejuvenating, and ready to enter upon a new
and vigorous career. The inorease has been
regular for a number of months, and the above
result is the highest figure attained for a
month's run in several years. We are informed
by David Walt, Esq., Superintendent, that the
general underground appearance of the mine is
quite encouraging. The tenth, eleventh and
twelfth levels, the lowest, are all looking and
yielding well. The lead has changed its former
characteristics, as it occasionally showed pock-
ets of remarkable richness, with a good deal of
low grade ore; at -the present time it furnishes
no specimen rook whatever, gold seldom being
seen in it, but pays well and with remarkable
regularity. The working force at the present
time, above and below ground, is 110 men.
New Hoisting Works.— The Omaha company
have determined to ereot steam hoisting works
upon their mine immediately, and to this end
have purchased the engines, boilers and hoist-
ing gear of the Enterprise gravel mine, at
Buena Vista slide. Zeph Mansau has taken
the contract for removing and re-erecting the
machinery, and have it in working order in
thirty days. The Omaha has been sufficiently
developed to warrant the adoption of stronger
and more permanent machinery than they have
been using, and with their new power will be
able to handle all the water, of which they have
a considerable quantity, and to continue their
main shaft, and open out the drifts, for several
years to come. The mine is looking well
throughout, and the dump pile continues to
increase in fine rock, rich in sulphurets and
free gold.
Kentucky Mine. — Our reporter paid a visit
recently to the Kentucky mine and found it
clear of water. The water was exhausted on
Thursday last and men are now employed in-
fixing up the shaft and getting the mine ready
for actual work, A six-inch pump is employed
to keep the mine dear of water, but it has to
be kept going at a moderate rate of speed to
keep it in fork. A force of six or eignt men
are all that are now employed, but this will be
increased shortly. The shaft is down 200 ft.
A tub is used to do the hoisting with. A five
stamp mill is erected close by, so that the Ken-
tucky will do its own crushing. The prospects
that this will be. a dividend paying mine are
good, and as it is in good hands we think it will
soon prove itself to be such.
The Osceola Mine.— We continue to hear
rumors that this old mine, situated near Bough
and Beady, is likely soon to be started up.
The Osceola was at one time a mine of consid-
erable repute, as some very rich rock was taken
from it. A twenty-four stamp mill was also
ereoted by the company; but they made the
mistake of not getting depth upon the mine,
and depended upon taking rock from a tunnel
above the water line, muoh of which proved
poor, and besides a diffioulty was experienced
in amalgamating the gold, which the experience
and improvements of later years would now
remedy.
Yuba Mine. — Foothill Tidings, May 20 : Su-
perintendent F. A. S. Jones passed through
town on Thursday, and from him we learn that
the mine is opening up finely. Both ledges
are large and well defined, and the quartz com-
ing out shows well in free gold and is rich in
those promising adjuncts, galena sulphurets.
The mill was started on Wednesday, and he
says the plates look well. The Yuba, which it
will be remembered is situated on the South
Yuba river, above Washington, is undoubtedly
a good mine.
Bich gravel and very extensive is the claim
of the Manzanita company, above Nevada.
They have about 100 acres of ground that is
thought to be as rich as that worked last year,
which paid over $35,000 to the acre. The
earth or dirt of this land to the average depth
of 130 feet is washed away by two hydraulic
monitors, oarrying 1300 inches of water under
an immense pressure, and the gold saved in
sluices and by all the various modern appli-
ances below. About 50 men are employed
during the mining season, which this year will
be Bhorter than usual, though on account of
the improvement in the channel the clean-up
is expected to be much larger than heretofore.
The Pittsburg mine is looking splendid, and
the crashing now at the mill promises to be
the best they have ever had.
Mining at Sebastopol. — San Juan Times,
May 29: The American mining company, at
Sebastopol, commenced sinking a sbaft into
their new tunnel under construction on Tues-
day of last week. They have put an additional
number of men at work with a view of com-
pleting their tunnel and works in the shortest
space of time possible. They anticipate wash-
ing through their new tunnel before the first
day of May next. In the mean time they will
contirfue to wash off top ground as usnal
through their old tunnels until the new one is
completed. The top ground pays well and
gives indications that the bottom ground will
pay immensely.
NAPA.
Mining Items. — Galistoga Free Press, May 29:
The Kentnck mine Is looking better and has a
brighter prospect to-day than ever before. A
large force of men is kept constantly at work
running tunnels and sinking shafts. Tiros.
Cross is superintendent. Dickenson and Mich-
el, of St. Helena, are now hauling chrome iron
from their mine and shipping it direqt to Balti-
more, Md-, per ocean steamer, as ballast. They
have some 5,000 tons on the dump, and 1,000
in St. Helena. Mr. Burke, superintendent of
the Calistoga silver mine, informs us that they
have made another rich strike in one of the
tunnels. The ore being taken out now is about
half and half, gold and silver. The last bar
produced contained more gold than silver,
whioh is good for the company. J. H. Parks
has presented us with a splendid specimen of
copper ore, taken from a claim about one mile
north of the Mountain mill house, 10 miles
from this place. The parties owning the mine
are J. H. Parks, Dr. W. M. Michel, Matt Vann
and Calvin Griffith. They haverunone tunnel
in the north side about sixty feet, and have
commenced two other tunnels. The specimen
we reoeived is a very rich one, assaying, we
believe, $104 to the ton. The California borax
company shipped 100 and the American mine
20 flasks of quicksilver through Calistoga in
the week ending May 21. The Geyser Peak
company are running a tunnel on one of their
claims on Geyser peak. At a distance of 70
feet below the surfaoe, a ledge was struck last
week bearing good looking silver ore. Super* i*'
intendent Powning informs us that he is still f !
at work on the Booky Bar tunnel, Inyo district,! *?
but that the ledge is not yet reached. S. Fob* H
ter, president of the Star company, has given r
us the results of milling three hundred pounds S
of ore from the Wandering Jew olaim, Inyo e
distriot. Huhn and Luckhardt, of San Fran- '?
Cisco, first made assays of the rock, whioh ^
showed $5.65 of silver and $55.25 of gold pel I*
ton, and then milled the ore, getting at the rate 5*
of $51.67 per ton. We have seen the *"
small gold brick that came from this ore. r
The tunnel is now in 80 feet and is still run- »
ning in the gold bearing rock that was struck *■
several months ago.
PLACER.
Stbuck It. — Placer Argus, May 29 : Mr. W.J.
Mayer has struck very rich rock in the claim
known as the Grass Valley and Panamint mine,
sitnated between Gold Hill and Auburn, an
Aubnrn ravine. He says it will pay $60 per
ton, but his wife says $5,000.
Big Entebpbise.— The Placer Herald gives a
lengthy account of the operations of the Au-
burn gravel mining and ditch company, the
publication of which we will defer until our
next isBue.
SONOMA.
Local Items. — Eussian Kiver Flag, May 27:
The Geyser mine shipped 23 -flasks of quiok-
silver Monday last. Owing to the low price of
quicksilver, the Eattlesnake furnace will re- :
main shut down for the present.
SAN BENITO. ^
Coal and Cinnabab. — San Benito Advance, . jj,t,
May 29 : A day or two since Mr. J. A. Owens , m
covered our table with rocky samples of ooal and J,
;j!
ts:
■C
k
i
In
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cinnabar which he found in Qaien Sabe valley.
The croppings of coal are from a ledge Harland 7iK
and himself- discovered in the foothills of the
Mt. Diablo range about a mile from Mr. Owens'
camp. The sample before us ia the best we ' p
have seen in this county. We learn that its I ^
merits have been satisfactorily tested at Wal-
borg's blacksmith shop. If as represented it < &
will prove a valuable acquisition to this county. Jj
Messrs. Owens and Harland have alBO disoov- $,.
ered several chimneys and a well denned ledge : tj(
of cinnabar on the hills near Davenport's raneh i ^
about a mile west of Stay ton's place.
New Mines. — Hollister Enterprise, May 29:
The mineral wealth of San Benito oounty has i I, ",
just commenced to develop itself. The sue- "r
cess attending the development of the Stayton > ;
mines in the Coast Range, a few miles west of : ^
Hollister, has stimulated prospecting in that s j. ,
direction. J. A.. Owens and some other par- ; ^
ties have lately discovered what promises to be : j.ri
an immense deposit of cinnabar on the slope . ff]
of Shelly peak, a mile or so west of the Stay-; f
ton mines. Large quantities of decomposed
metal are found on the surface of the ground, . ,t,:
and in spots where the finders have sunk a ^
few inches they found no mistakable evidence :!|"
of the existence of the pure metal. There is a-
now scarcely any room to doubt that that sec- '
tion of the mountains is immensely rich in
quicksilver. It promises to be the second ~
New Almaden of the State.
TUOLUMNE
Bich. — Union Democrat, May 29: Rook pay- M
ing from $100 to $150 a ton is being taken out < «■;
a t the Soulsby mine in great quantities. ii
TRINITY. V
Another Good Cleanmtp. — Trinity Journal,
May 29: The W. D. & H. M. Co. cleaned up
last week in the Ward mine on Oregon Galon
mountain, taking out $2,700 for a run of about
100 hours. With steady water the Ward mine .
is good for $500 per day, and can be worked at w
as little expense as any gravel mine in the r.-
State. Water having given out, work has been
suspended for this season.
Bonded.— J. C. -Akers has bonded two-thirds
of the Washington quicksilver mine, in Cinna*
bar district, to Jas. Johnson, of San Francisco,
for 4,000. John B. Stoddard has bonded the .
remaining one-third of the same mine to the V
same party for $3 000. The coin is to be
forthcoming December 1st. jj "
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Ophib.— Gold Hill News, May 27: Daily
yield, 150 tons of ore. This ore is mostly
taken from the stopes on the 1485-ft level.
The charaoter of the ore is good, and the yield
amply sufficient to keep three mills steadily
running. On the 1700-ft level, east cross-cuts
Nos. 3, 4, and 5 are being pushed forward with
all energy possible, to reach and prospect the
ore vein on that level. The stone work of the
foundation for the new incline machinery is
about completed.
Siebba Nevada. — Sinking the new. shaft is
making rapid headway, the rook penetrated
being of a much finer character than for some
time past. There is no longer water to inter-
fere, the shaft having apparently passed en-
tirely through the vein of water encountered
near the surface.
Consolidated Vibginia.— Daily yield, 600
tons of ore. The yield of ore has been consid-
erably increased in order to create a larger re-
serve in the dump, the crushing capacity of the
mills being no greater than for some time past.
The minejis looking splendidly on all the levels,
affording no new or important features at any
point. The mills are running steadily, and its
future prospects bright and flattering. The
extension of the joint main east drift on the
1400-ft level to the eastward, the face
still in ore, furnishes another proof of the great
width of the ore body and its almost inoalcnU-
fun
e 5. 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
365
ralne. Everything In and about the mine
Mking well.
Oould tc Ccbbt.— The north drift on the
700-ft level to connect with the Beet & Belcher,
■ making good progress, the rock in the face
«ing still hard bat blasting welL Prepara-
iona for .the commencement of several crosa-
nta on the 1700-ft level are being rapidly com-
leted.
Boxliok.— The air on the 1700-ft level of the
mperial shaft has greatly improved during the
*at week, so that the main n >rth drift is being
gain extended northward, following the west
ill of the ledge, aud occasionally catting
anches of quartz and ore of a promising
haracter. The east cross-cut from this drift is
ore, and the development of paying bodies
fore seem no longer doubtful.
L*dy Bryas. — The west and south drifts on
e 330-ft level are being pushed steadily ahead
irough a very promising character of bluish-
rhite quartz and low-grade ore.
Cobmopowtah. — Ore extraction from the
topes, above the tunnel level, is going ahead
a lively rate as usual, about twenty-live tons
ing the daily yield, which keepa the Hope
"' running steadily to its full capacity. Ore
f superior richness has been met with daring
he past week in the northern etopes,
Cbown Point.— Daily yield, 550 tons of ore.
?her6 is no material change to report of the
re-prodaciug sections of the mine. No new
ievelopments to report on the 1600-ft level.
Iverytbing in and about the mine working
inely.
Caiodtobnia. — Cross-cut No. 5. on the 1500-
t level, has penetrated during the week a body
€ richer ore than any that has ever been found
a that portion of the mine. Cross-cut s Nos. 3
ind 4 bave also each cat into a richer character
I if ore than has been encountered for some time
Mtst. The face of cross-oat No. 2 east is show-
! ng a deoided improvement, with evident indi-
i atious of again cutting into rich pay ore. The
loint drift on the 1400-ft level is still continued,
Without yet having reached the east wall of the
ledge. A winze has been started from this
firm to connect with an upraise from the
|500-ft level. The winze is down eighteen ft,
ind the raise to meet it is up sixty-six ft, both
•being in good ore. The winze from cross-cut
No, 3 on this level will be connected to-day or
to-morrow with the 150O-ft level, having passed
the entire distance between the two levels
through fine ore. The 0 & 0 shaft is down
197 ft, in good sinking ground. Laying the
I oundations for the heavy hoisting and pump-
ag machinery is making rapid progress, the
tone work being nearly oompleted, ready for
he reception of the bed-sills. Grading for the
new mill is fast approaching completion.
J Chollab-Potosi. — Daily yield, 75 tons of
pre, the assay value of which is $30 per ton.
This ore is taken from the old apper workings,
and cannot be relied on for a steady and per-
manent yield. Sinking the main iucline is
making steady progress. Driving the main
.soma drift on the 1150-ft level is making good
progress, the face still in porphyry.
If FiiOBiDA. — The drift weBt on the ledge, at
the 400-ft level is now in 40 ft. Stringers of
ihuartz are beginning to appear, and the forma-
tiou looks much better and more favorable than
U the 300-ft level.
I Amazon. — The cross-out at the 100-ft station
is now in a distance of 40 ft, the face in
ledge material of a very favorable character.
Julia. — Sinking the main shaft is making
splendid progress, the Burleigh drills at the
bottom doing fine exeoution. It is now down
IB60 ft below the 1000-ft level. The flow of
water is slight and does not at all impede the
progress of the work.
f Belcher. — The main incline is down 34 ft
Below the 1600-ft station, the bottom still
hard blasting ground. The ore breasts are
Wielding well. Daily yield, 500 tons of ore.
[The air shalt is oompleted to the 1100-ft level.
[No change of value in any other portion of the
Inline. Everything working finely.
I Impebial-Empibb. — Sinking the main incline
is making steady and favorable progress.
priving the main south drift on the 2000-ft
(level is also making rapid headway.
I Caledonia. — Sinking the main incline at the
jold.works is making fine headway. Sinking
the new shaft is considerably retarded by the
|6trong flow of water at the bottom.
I Eubopa. — The ledge is looking splendidly,
and gives high assays, but owing to bad air in
'jlhe cross-cut east from the winze, work at that
point is again suspended.
i| Baltimobk and Amebican Flat. — The cross-
cuts ou the 75t)-ft level continue to show a fa-
vorable improvement in the character of the
ledgs formation, and strong hopes are enter-
taiued that the 850-fc level will develop a fine
paying mine.
Scrrao.— The rock in the face of the main
dr. ft is btill gradually growing softer as the
le tge is approached. Toe indications are ex-
cellent for finding ore on this level and consid-
er ible expectations are centered ou the results.
The flow of water is still light.
Buckeye. — The prospect for finding ore in
the north drift on the 450-ft level is quite favor-
able.
Silveb Hill, — Everything in aid about the
mine is working finely. There is no change to
note of either the second or third levels, except
an improvement in the character of the ore in
the nurth drift at the seoond station level.
Original Gold Hill.— Both cross-outs in
the south drilt at the 340-ft level are in fair
grade ore, and a large body of it seems to be
opening out. The face of the north drift con-
tinues in good looking vein matter.
Best and Belches.— The Burleigh drills are
making good progress in the south drift from
the bottom of the winze on the 1700-ft level.
No change in the character of the rock in the
face of the drift.
Segregated Gold Hill.— Cross-cutting ac-
tively at the 400-ft level, in good milling ore
A oar track is being laid in the main drift, and
the guides for the cage in the shaft are nearly
finished.
Nevada.— The stringers of quartz coming in
at the face of the cross-cut are growing larger
and more numerous, and the vein matter gen-
erally is softer than was met with last week.
Mexican.— Sinking the winze in the north
drift on the 1465-ft level is making fair progress,
with some very favorable indications of yet
finding a paying body of ore.
CORNUCOPIA DISTRICT.
Minino Items.— Virginia Enterprise, June 1:
Reports from the mines in Cornucopia during
Ihe present week have been meager. Work
upon the Leopard is progressing as usual, but
owing to the soarcity of timbers, in conse-
quence of bad roads, the company has been con-
tending with obstacles which, happily, are now
removed. Last accounts report the arrival of
timbers, powder and quicksilver, whioh will en-
able the miners to prosecute work in any part
of the mine, and also furnish the mill with
necessary material for working to its full ca-
pacity. The stage has brought down to Elko
each trip two bars of bullion, averaging $1,800
each, aagregating for the week six bars, valued
at $10,800.
REVEILLE DISTRICT.
Gold Mine.— The letter of the 24th of May
gives the following information: The bullion
receipts for May will approximate $70,000.
The sooth drift from the lower tunnel is yield-
ing finely, the ore being of very high grade and
the vein fully five feet in thiokness. The drift
is in 42 ft. The upper south drift iB yielding
large quantities of ore. Nine tons of first-class
ore is being extracted daily.
EUREKA DISTRICT.
Eureka Consolidated. — The weekly letter of
the 29th says: Drifting has been com men oed
on the 8th level, Lawton shaft. The face of
the 5th level drift looks favorable for striking
ore. The ore body on the 6th level continues
to improve as the drift is advanced. It is open-
ing out very large. The main drift, 7th level,
is in 527 ft, face in hard blue limestone. The
prospeoting drifts continue to develop good
signs as they are advanced. The Wiodsail
shaft ore body is holding out strong, and the
ore body in the Champion ground is improv-
ing in quantity and quality.
ELY DISTRICT.
Strike.— Pioche Journal, May 29: We hear
of the strike of a good ledge of milling ore
about two miles west of town, in regard to
whioh those who have been on the ground in-
dulge in the highest expectations. The ledge
is 18 inches thick, perpendicular and runs
north and south. The ledge is known as the
Victoria, and Wes Williams is one of the prin-
cipal owners. Some of the leading mining
men in Pioche have examined the ground and
express good opinions of its prospective value.
Colorado.
Georgetown Bullion Shipments. — George-
town Miner, May 29: The Stewart silver re-
ducing company shipped for the week ending
May 28, $9,468, Judd & Crosby's reduotion
works shipped during same time $4,779.
Douglas Tunnel. — We are glad to say that
Mr. Goetzel's great enterprise .for developing
the hidden wealth of Douglas mountain bids
fair to accomplish all that has been most san-
guinely hoped for it. At 600 ft the fourth lode
or "mother vein," has been out into, but the
workmen are not yet through it. It carries
mineral of a very high grade.
Owners of low grade mines carrying a high
per cent, of galena, are now anxiously inquir-
ing about the probabilities of the smelting
works in the valley starting up this season.
Fully a score of large mines are now lying idle,
waiting the proposed market for their ores.
The output of this district will increase 35 per
cent, yearly when we can load this olass of
mineral on care in Georgetown for Golden or
Denver. We are assured that both establish-
ments will soon enter the market, and the ex-
tension of ihe C. C. to the prospect of George-
town is now more promising than it|bas been.
Idaho.
Wagontown Mines.— Owyhee Avalanche : We
continue to receive the most favorable reports
from the newly discovered gold mines near
Wagontown, which are two hours' walk or
more from Silver City. Mr. Mays, an old
prospeotor in this camp, has been down there
the past two weeks, and he confirms the general
opinion in respect to the abundance of rich
ore in that vicinity. Mr. M. was workiug some
valuable claims near town a month ago, but
abandoned them for whit he regards as a more
productive field. All that is needed he says to
work the new mines successfully is capital,
which, with the requisite facilities, will, he pre-
dicts, accomplish wonders in that locality.
Golden Chabiot. — A letter of the 29th says:
The new discovery is now opened by a drift
over 50 ft in length, and the faces continue in
ore. The drifts both north and south, and on
the back of the level, show a continuous body
of high grade ore. For this same body cross-
cuts are being run from both the first and third
levels. The ore from the winze from the ninth
and tenth Minnesota continues very fine. All
the other drifts continue in about the same
kind of ground and ore as when last reported.
Wab Eaole. — A dispatch of the 1st says:
The 7th level is opening out fine.
Oregon.
CrNNABAB— Oregon SenfM.May 29: We have
within three miles of Jacksonville the largest
cinnabartledge that has|yet been discovered and
whioh is dow being thoroughly prospected. A
cross-cut having been run eight feet in depth
and ten feet wide, shows the ledge to be 60 feet
wide from casing to casing. They bavo sunk a
shaft in the cross-cut to the depth of 35 feet,
and the ore looks very fair all the way down,
and seems to be of a better quality the farther
down they go on the ledge. Messrs. John Bil-
ger, E. D. Foudrav, West Manning, T. Mc-
Kenzie. M. Caton, E. D. Wation, J. H. Penn,
J. B. Coat. s and IT. K. Hanna, are the names
of the gentlemen who compose the company.
They are pushing the work vigorously forward
in the shalt, and they expect in a few days to
strike a very rich vein of ore, as the present ap-
pearance of the rock is very encouraging. We
wish the gentlemen success in their undertak-
ing, and trust they will realize a handsome
profit for their investment, as certainly the
energy and enterprise of these gentlemen in
developing this lead is worthy of a flattering
reward.
Obegon Placer Mines— Cor. Sutter Ban-
ner, May 29 : A correspondent writing from
Auburn, Baker county, Oregon, under date
of May 10th, gives us a few items concerning
the mining claims in that vicinity. He says:
"The oft reported richness of the mines here
are not over-rated; last week a nugget worth
$200 was picked up in one of the claims, and
most of the claims will yield $10 to the man."
He also says N. C. Haskell, formerly of the
Banner, and Daniel Best are both there and in
good health and spirits; the latter began piping
in one of the gulches on the 3d inet., and is
now washing out about 1,500 square yards of
earth per day with a good clean-up in anticipa-
tion. He says the weather is very cold; from
the 5th to the 8th inst. it snowed and hailed so
hard that but little work oould be done. ■ He
writes encouragingly of the prospects, and has
no desire to return to his old familar haunts. '
Mining Items. — Weekly Oregonian, May 29 :
They are passing around the hat for contribu-
tions to work up rook of the famous Yank ledge
in Jackson county.
It is reported that the Eagle mining com-
pany has sold its black sand claim in Coos
county. The terms are not made public as yet.
The big mining ditch at Eldorado, Baker
county, own by Carter & Paokwood, is now
furnishing 400 inches of water, and good re-
sults from the mines.in that vicinity are antici-
pated.
Marshall & Dealey, placer miners, Olive
creek, Grant county, picked up from their
"ground sluice" one day week before last, the
sum of $3,000 in nuggets, weighing all the
way from half an onnoe to six ounces.
Powebs & Co., of Kye Valley, Baker county,
made a clean-up from a short run in their
placer claims, and had the ' proceeds run into a
bar at the assay office in Baker City on Monday
of last week. The bar was worth $2,500.
Utah.
New Teabiwat at the Little Cottonwood
Cahon. — Cor. Salt Lake Tribune May 24: Dur-
ing the past week several San Francisco and
New York capitalists have been here, discus-
sing the practicability of building a Halliday
patent wire tramway room here to the end of
the railroad. The distance is less than six
miles, and the cost is estimated at from $250,-
000 to $300,000. It would be Bet up on sta-
tions at least 20 ft above the ground, and
would not be bothered with snow in the least.
There is no doubt bat that this would be a
big paying investment, as all the up freight,
passengers, etc., wonld pass over the line, and
there would be at present ftom 250 to 400 tons
of ore daily to go down, whioh amount would
be very materia ly increased if transportation
was reduced. As this camp contains hundreds
of thousand of tons of low grade ore, whioh
will not quite pay for working at the present
rates of freight, this class of ore with cheap
transportation would leave a nice margin. It
now costs about 18 per cent, for sacking and
shipping. A tramway company could make a
nice thing at $4, as the ore could be taken in
bulk, and the expense of sacking dispensed
with. It is thought this enterprise will be put
through this season, and if so, it will be a
great thing for this camp, and cannot fail to be
a paying investment. '
Bullion Refining. — Dr. Linderman, Direct-
or of Mints, expects to be able by the 15lh of
July to refine and part all bullion produced in
the country, instead of having one-half at least
sent abroad for that purpose as has been the
case heretofore, on account of insufficient refin-
ing capacities in the United States. The new
refinery at San Francisco is thought will be
ready by that time. The refining capacity of
the United States assay office, in New York,
will be trebled, and that of the Philadelphia
mint considerably enlarged. The Director of
Mints will leave New York ab.u" the 0th for
this coast. On his way out he will stop at Cin-
cinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis, Kansas City
and Denver, and on his return at Omaha and
Chicago, for the purpose of determining what
point in the West is the best located for the
proposed new mint.
Another $1,500,000 of the Consolidated
Virginia mine bullion has been sold to the
Government, to be paid for in gold coin from
the office of the Sub-Treasurer in San Fran-
cisco.
Hints on the Washoe Process.
[Continued from last week.]
The Treatment of the Pulp In the Pans, Continued.
When each oharge is withdrawn, it is well to
wash out the pans with water, so as to get all
the quicksilver possible ont of the pan. There
will still remain from thirty to sixty pounds in
a flat bottomed pan (though this form is on
other accounts to be preferred) under "and
around the dies or the lower grinding surface;
and there will be, also, more or less amalgam
sticking in various places on the sides of the
pan, the muller, etc. Oharge the pan with the
mailer raised, and turn live steam directly into
the pulp. This method iB preferred because in
this way the pan is heated much more rapidly
than by a jacket, or double sides and bottom,
filled with the exhaust steam; and little work
can be done by the pan until the charge is
heated. The pulp should also be heated, al-
most to boiling. The consistency of the pulp
when the quicksilver is put in should be as
thick as possible consistently with a good cir-
culation in all parta of the pan; but, inasmuoh
as the pulp will be ground faster when thin, it
iB beat to have it thin at first. To secure both
objects, the pulp may be diluted to snob a de-
gree that, after grinding two and a half hours,
it will have thickened to the proper consistency
for recovering the quicksilver. If this condi-
tion is fulfilled, the quicksilver charged into
the pan will, after its speedy division into
small globules, occasioned by the grinding and
heat, be diffused through the whole mass. A
sample of the pulp taken out on a thin wooden
spatula should show particles of uniformly dis-
seminated quicksilver. Some of the globules
will be microscopic; but from an ounce of the
pulp, washed in a horn, a good sized globule of
quicksilver may be collected by rubbing, etc
The pulp, if of proper consistency, will have a
good motion, yet be thick enough to oarry the
quicksilver in suspension just to the surface, as
the current rises from under the muller on the
outside of the pan. On the other hand, the
large globules of quicksilver will be able to
gradually sink through the pulp. Thus the
quicksilver describes a oourse distinctly its
own, and a more intimate contact is attained.
If salt is used, it should be introduced as soon
as the pan is oharged. Sulphate of copper, if
used, should be added as soon as the pan is
heated up, which ought to take place in fifteen
minutes. Then the steam should be shut off
and the muller lowered, and grinding com-
mences. The reason for not lowering the mul-
ler at the start is to save power, since the pan
will grind but poorly, and that with difficulty,
in the cold pulp. If the pan has a cover on it,
(as all pans should have,) probably there will
be no necessity for using the steam again till
the oharge is drawn and a new one put in,
since sufficient heat will probably be retained
to render amalgamation effectual.
It may be assumed as a fair average that the
oharge is run five hours. All the chemicals
used, except those for saving quicksilver, are
put in the pan at different times, and, after the
last one is put in, there should be at least
twenty minutes before the quicksilver is charged.
I prefer to put in the quicksilver in the middle
of the period, i. e., two and a half hours before
drawing the oharge, and at the rate of 200
pounds of quicksilver per 2,000 pounds of ore,
or a larger proportion of quicksilver if required
by the riohness of the ore. Three-quarters of
an hour before discharging, the muller is raised,
since, if the pan is in good order, the charge
should be by this time thoroughly ground, and
raising the muller avoids further cutting up of
the quicksilver by the grinding. At the time
of raising the muller, the chemicals used for
saving quioksilver may be added. Fifteen, min-
utes before drawing the charge sufficient water
is added to thin the pulp thoroughly. This
prepares the oharge to flow readily out of the
pan, and also stirs up any pulp that may be
moving sluggishly.
The range of these remarks being merely
mechanical, the subject of ohemicala (mainly
salt and sulphate of copper) in pans will not be
here discussed. Suffice it to say at present,
that my praotioe and numerous experiments
bave disposed me strongly in favor of using
chemicals, and using them largely. When only
a low percentage is expected, and from a docile
ore, there is often no need of any chemicals at
all, though even then a judicious use of suitable
re-agents will save some of the quicksilver. The
more refractory the ore, the greater necessity
for chemicals, and for high heating of the pans.
From ordinary and docile ores eighty per cent,
of the asB»y can in some cases be obtained
readily, without use of chemicals, by enforoiog
all the small mechanical details, such as those
I have referred to, and by keeping the quiok-
silver in perfect order. The additional per-
centage obtained, running up to ninety-five
per cent, and over, which I myself have fre-
quently obtained, on gold and silver ores, is
only to be gained by the use of chemicals.
The most important point in the process is to
keep the quicksilver always bright, clean, ac-
tive, and in good order. In working an ore that
fouls the quicksilver, if it is not practicable
to keep the quicksilver clean in the pan, it
should be at least put in perfect order before it
is again u>ed for another charge. Id such
oases it is important to he -p the pan as free
from quioksilver as possible duriDfj the first
part of the process. For cleaning quicksilver,
sodium amalgam, caustio potash, dilute acids,
cyanide of potassium, etc., are used. Even in
docile ores it is well to keep a cleaning mixture
on the quicksilver under the strainers.
(To he Continued.)
366
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 5, 1875
P©pdL^8\ Lectins.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Fifteenth Lecture Delivered before the University of
California College of Agriculture, on Tuesday, Feb-
ruary 9th, by Prof. 0. E. Bebsey.
(Reported and Illustrated for the Eueal Press.)
Improvement of Varieties.
When we consider plants and animals, we
are apt to look upon them as existing as defin-
ite, and to a certain extent invariable species;
bat a critical examination shows them to ns as
varying with every varying circumstance.
In the ordinary agricultural and horticultural
operations we have to deal with about 100
species of plants and sixteen species of animals,
not including, of course, the many with which
we have indirect relations, as for example the
insects which destroy our crops, the vermin
which attack our stores and the fungi which
rot our wooden houses and barns.
I include only those whioh we grow volunta-
rily, and which give ns the "products" of our
farms and gardens, the trees which afford us
lumber and fuel, and the wild shrub from
which we gather it may be considerable quan-
tities of beriies, are left out. Here, then, we
have 116 original species or forms, from which
have been derived the animals and plants,
bought, grown and sold by the farmer, and gar-
dener of to-day. These original forms, fur-
nished by nature to man, were
The Crude Materials
Which he could modify, change and almost re-
build to supply his needs. Scarcely one out of
the whole list of food plants but was originally
almost inedible, and of the animals we have
only to compare the Suffolk hog and the short-
horn ox with their lean, lank progenitors, to
see what necessity there was for an improve-
ment upon the original wild species. I will
select a few of the most prominent from my
list. First the plants: The cabbage in its wild
state was a leafy, long-stemmed plant, growing
no head and famishing only a small amount
of coarse food. Now, under cultivation, that
one poor form has developed into five or six
species, each of which has again developed
further into many varieties. Taking up one of
the seed catalogues, I find sixty-nine varieties
of the cabbage. They may be tabulated as
follows: [See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.]
1. Sub-species Acepala, Kale or Boricole,
eight varieties. 2. Subspecies Bullaia. 3.
Snb-speoies Capitata, common cabbage, twenty-
eight varieties. 4. Sub-species Caulo Bapo,
Kohl Rabi, four varieties. 6. Sub-species Bo-
iryiis, (a) Cauliflower, twelve varieties; (6) Broc-
coli, eleven varieties.
Each of these types may be considered as a
center from which the varieties have diverged,
as in the diagram.
Turn now to the apple, supposed' by many to
be a single species. By referring to Downiug's
Encyclopedia of Fruits and Flowers, I find
that there are in America alone about 1800
varieties, differing enough from one another to
be distinguishable. Examine the particulars of
the variations and they will be found to relate
to shape, size, color, texture and taste of fruit,
with equal modifications of bark, stem, branch,
twig and leaf and differences in habit, hardi-
ness, keeping qualities and time of ripening.
Here we have a dozen or more characters, all
of which are variable. Now, each variation of
these characters may give us a new variety, so
that the number of possible distinct varieties
is practically limitless, and the number given
before as described in Downing may be con-
sidered as but the beginning of a long list
which is destined to grow larger and larger as
long as man shall oontinue to grow' the apple.
The pear, I need but mention to call to your
minds what changes have been wrought upon
the original wild and almost inedible fruit — to-
matoes, potatoes, wheat, oats and maize are all
strong illustrations. The first, the tomato, has
been grown in kitchen gardens for less than
half a oentury, and yet we find in catalogues
upwards of fitty varieties, exhibiting differences
in fruit, stem, leaf, hardiness and time of
ripening. In the potato, varieties have run
away up into the hundreds. In 1870, I efrew
in the gardens of the Iowa College of Agriculture
upwards of eighty varieties, all of which had
characters sufficiently well marked to enable
anyone to distinguish one from another. Mr.
Gr.nnell, of Clayton, Towa, has h«d on his li-t
fully double that number, while Dr. Hexamer,
of New Castle, New York, advertises in his cat-
alogue two hundred varieties, and there is no
duubt that if all the kiodj grown in different
parts of the country could be gathered up and
enumerated, the list would be more than
doubled.
Let us now inquire what bearing this fact of
the variability of species has upon agrfcultnre
and horticulture. As man has gone from one
country to another he has naturally carried
with him the pants and animals which he had
been accustomed to have about him in his old
borne. Bat many a time% as he moved, the
change of climate was so great that the old
varieties could not be grown in the new loca-
tions. Sometimes the change was from a moist
climate to a dry one, as in passing from the At-
lantic States to the plains of the Mississippi
valley. Again, it was from a mild olimate to
one of great severity, as in passing from Eu
rope to the east coast of America; or it was
from one soil to another, as was the case in
passing from the clays and sands of New Eng-
land to the- alluvial soil of the Mississippi val-
ley.
What has been the Result?
Often after many failures to grow the more
tender varieties, hardy ones appeared, so that
now but little difficulty is found in growing
them. In passing from the protected regions
around the great lakes to Iowa and Nebraska
many old varieties of apples bad to be dis-
carded. The old Eambo, the Khode Island
Greening, the Baldwin, the Bellflower, the
FollawalUr and many other old standbys were
fonnd to be tender, and the result was to be
seen in the many trees killed down each winter.
It may be said that in Iowa all the orohards
first set out were killed because the varieties
were too tender — and yet now it produces the
finest apples east of the Rocky mountains.
Another good illustration may be furnished by
maize or Indian corn, which has produced
varieties fitted to all the differences of climate
Fig-. 1. Acephala. Tig. 2. Bullata.
found in the United States. Tne tall, rank-
growing sorts are found in the Southern States,
where the summers are, long enough to ripen
the great mass of vegetable matter; but in New
England and New York, where the summers
are short, the small, eight-rowed, flinty kinds
are grown. How is it that throughout all ex-
cept the most northern of the United States
we can grow the peach to perfection?
Look upon the map and note that Persia,
the native country of the peach, lies mainly
south of the center of the United States. Trace
its isotherm of 70 degrees and you will find it
to pass through Northern Africa, through Flor-
ida, Louisiana, Texas, Northern Mexico and the
peninsula of Southern California — and yet from
Fig:. 4. Caulo Bapo.
that warm climate the peach has spread, in its
hardy varieties, northwestward into Europe
and thronghout all but the most northern of
the United States and I have been informed on
good authority that a German horticulturist,
near Madison, Wisconsin, has recently grown
peach seedlings which prove hardy even in that
cold climate. I might go on multiplying in-
stances— but these are perhaps sufficient to
show that- through its variations a species nat-
urally suited to one climate may become fitted
to endure the inclemencies of another.
If these varia'ions of the original occur — and
occur so opportunely for man— the questions
which interest us are: First, whether varieties
Fig:. 3. Capitata. Fig:. 5, Botrytis.
arise independently of man's labors, or, are
due to something whioh he has done and
second, if man has anything to do with the pro-
duction of varieties, what are the causes of
such variations, which lie within his control,
in other words,
How Can Man Produce Varieties?
Dr. Gray, iu the Naturalist for February, 3874,
puts the first iuquiry in this furm, "Were the
finite made for man, or did man make the
fruits?*' and in answer says: "Some fiuits were
given to man as ih^y 'are and he has only
gathered and consumed them. But these are
only minor lruits and an eh as have lately come
within the reach of civilized man— or, are not
thought worth his trouble; huckleberries and
cranberries, persimmons and paw-paws ara ex-
amples taken from this country. Whether even
such fiuits have or have not been under a
course of improvement irrespective of man is
another question. Others nave come to man
full flavored, and nearly all that he has done
has been to increase their size and abundance,
*or, extend their season; currants and gooseber-
ries, la^pbtrries aid blackberries, chestnuts
and above all strawberries, are of this class.
But most of the esteemed or important fruits
as well as the grains have not. so much been
given to man, as made by him. The gift out-
right was mainly plastic— raw material— time
and opportunity." As to the seoond query —
How man may produce varieties — in order that
we may answer this, it will be necessary to dis-
cuss reproduction, prepotency or power of
transmitting qualities, climate, culture and
crossing— all of which are more or less under
man's control, together with spontaneous va-
rieties or sports and reversion, which come in
as disturbing elements, if not understood; but
which under skillful manipulation may even be
made to aid the grower or breeder. These,
then, will be the topics whioh we will consider
in these lectures.
Coast Railroad Items.
The San Francisco Post, in speaking of the
departure for Los Angeles of Col. Crawford,
Chief Engineer, and Jas. A. Bitchard, Secre-
tary of the Los Angeles and Independence
railroad, says: This road is one of the most im-
portant enterprises ever projected in this State.
Senators Jones and Stewart are determined to
carry it through at the earliest day possible,
not only for the benefit of their mining interests
at Panamint, but also in the hope of effecting
a combination by which a direct rail route may
be opened through to Ogden, independent of the
Central Pacific. Jay Gould and Senator Jones
have been in close consultation recently on the
subjeot, and it is more than likely that some
thing may come of it, as Mr. Gould is particu-
larly anxious to reach the Pacific coast without
coming over Stanford's line. The idea pro
posed is to extend the Los Angeles road from
Independence, the present projected terminus,
through the southern part of Nevada, striking.
Pioche and other important mining camps,
and tapping the Utah Central railroad at or
near Beaver, Southern Utah. Mr. Pritchard
says there are vast coal beds at different points
on the projected route which would prove a
mine of wealth could they be opened up and
their treasures brought -to market. Mr. Jones
will be here in about two weeks, when work
on the Lob Angeles road will be driven for-
ward in earnest.
The Central Pacific people are preparing to
push through the Woodland and Colusa rail-
road to completion. The crops from Berryessa
valley, Napa county, will come over the Winters
road, and large freighting facilities will now be
needed at South Yallejo. The iron is being
laid between Yacaville and the new town of
Winters in Yolo county. The grading of the
Berryessa wagon road will commence this
week. An A 1 Baldwin engine and three coaohes
have been built for the railroad, which con-
nects by_ the wagon road with the Eedington
and California mines.
According to the Nevada county papers,
work is progressing rapidly on the Nevada
County narrow gauge railroad. The grade is
completed from Colfax to the deep cut near the
Central Pacific railroad bridge, which crosses
Long ravine. There are two gangs of men at
work iu the cut, and it is expected they will
complete it within ten days. The bridge build-
ers are preparing for work on the trestling and
bridges across Bear river and Greenhorn. Work
on the grade, between Grass Valley and Nevada,
will be commenced in a few days.
The survey for the new road from Colfax to
Forest Hill, in Placer county, by way of the
North Fork of the American and Shirt Tail
canon, is now being made. Favorable grades
are reported, and it is confidently anticipated
that the road will be constructed at an early
day. With this road all the travel and freight-
ing of Eastern Plaoer will be done by way of
Colfax, instead of through Auburn, as hereto-
fore.
The new time table of the Southern Pacific
railroad will be issued in a few days. The
change wilt commence on Sunday — and cars
will make six trips daily each way to and from
School House station. One early train from
Millbrae station will reach the city at 6 ;45 — one
noon trip to San Mateo — and a 6 p. u. trip to
School House station. The fare will be mate-
rially reduced.
The Santa Barbara Press says that about
thirty gentlemen, well known for their broad
views, sagaoity and enterprise, with ample
means to carry out the project, held a meeting
and resolved upon organizing to construct a
railroad from that place eastward to Lyon's
station, on the Southern Pacific route, with
the intention ultimately to oontinue it on to
Arizona.
The depot building at Calient^, the present
terminus of the Southern - Pacific, now
compltted, is about one hundred and seventy
feet long by forty feet wide. A large platioim
is bemg built at one end as a iranslerof heavy
freights, such as mining machinery and bul-
lion.
Work has at last been commenced on the
Stockton and lone railroad. On Monday eighty
teams were employed in grading on Sonoma
street, Stockton, and it is the intention of the
new managers to push the work furward with
dispatch.
Rolling stock for the Vacaville ra:lroad is
alreaoy on the spot. The new town of Winters
in making a handsome beginning. Lots worth
$22,000 are already sold.
One thousand five hundred men are now at
work on the Southern Pacific railroad at Te-
hichipe pass.
The annual meeting of the City railroad
company will be held on the 21st of June.
Quicksilver Mining and its Profits.
The present low price of Quicksilver has caused
many who were accustomed to consider $1.40 0*
$1-55 something normal to think that the fall In
value consequent on increased production
was unremunerative and would probably
result in the closing up of some of tne newly
discovered mines. That these fears have no foun-
dation in fact, and that even a lotver price
would be remunerative is however the fact, the
truth being that Quicksilver mining in proportion
to the capital invested in it has yielded enormous
profits— profits 'far out of all proportion to those
made in any other pursuit or in any other instance,
save perhaps, in some of the wonderful claims on
the Comstock or in some of the diamond fields of
Brazil.
Prior to 1874 the nnmber of mines were limited
to two in Europe and three in America — the total
production was concentrated in a few hands, and
this indispensable metal brought just what price
the combination of mine owners pleased to put on
it. That price in this city for 1874 averaged
$1.37% Per pound, or about 87^0 higher than
the average price for 25 years, That price wagj
taking into account the value of exports and that
consumed on the coast, 50c per pound.
The total quantity produced in the State in
1874 was 34,154 flasks or 2,612,781 pounds, and
the difference between the average price for years
and the average price last year was as follows:
$ 3,579.404.72
1,306.390.60
2.612,781 ftB at $1.3734.
2,612,781'* " 60c...
Extra Profit of 1874, $ 2,272,714.28
This of course, does not represent the whole
profit, for the cost of extraction, etc., is not over
26c per pound. The extra profits made during the
years 1871, 1872,1873, and 1874 have been as fol?
lows:
1871.
2,438,896 lbs at 99c $ 2,414,607.04
2,438,896 " ■■ 60o , 1,219,448.00
Ertra profit $ 1,196,069.04
1872.
2,318,409 tts at 80<?. .'... $ 1,864,727.20
2,318,409" " 500 1,159,204.00
Extra profits $ 696,523.20
1873. ■
2,087,900 ttSfl at 98c $ 2,047,042
2,087,900 " '* 50c 1,043,950
Extra profit $ l ,003,092
SYNOPSIS.
Extra profit 1871 $ 1,195,059.04
1872 : 695,523.20
1873 1,003,092.00
1874 2,272,714.22
Total in four years $ 6,166,388.46
Divided amongst a comparative few, these are
enormous profits in the short space of four years,
but they are only part of the real profits, as the
figures of gross value of Quicksilver sold and of
cost of extraction stand thus:
Total value of Quicksilver $ 9.905,380.96
" coat " " 2,459,076.36
Net profit for four years $ 7,436,304.60
This shows that for everydollar expended the
owners of the mines have taken in over four dol-
lars, which amount has come out of the pockets of
the miner, mine owner, etc., etc., throughout the
world. The total product since the mines were
first opened have aggregated 683,979 flasks of 76^
pounds each or 62,324,393 pounds, and the total
profit made has been as follows:
62,324,393 fts Bellini* at an average of 60c . .$ 31,162,196.00
65,324,393 " costing « " 20c. 16,204,312.16
Profit $ 14,957,853,82
No wonder with such profits as these that there
should be contests,such as that in which McGar-
rahan is engaged, waged year after year with the
expenditure of hundreds of thousands of dollars.
The prize to cither contestant is a princely fortune
and the present holders of the mine could well
afford to spend the profits of years when in case
of success they had those for an illimitable period
open before them.
It is therefore a great mistake to suppose that
65c represents the bed-rock price. At 40c a
profit of 54 per cent, nearly would be made, and
in the cheapness of this indispensable metal a
chance would be afforded for the development of
much of the mineral wealth of the coast that is
now unworked and has from the high price of
Quicksilver been unworkable with profit.-— Jour-
nal of Commerce.
The Inventoe's Pabadise. — "A thousand
patents," Bays Haseltine, Lake & Co's Lon-
don circular, "are granted every month in the
United States for new inventions. This num-
ber exceeds the aggregate issue of all ihe Ea-
r peau States, yet the supply does not equal
the demand, and ihe average value of pa'eots
is greater in Ameiica than iu Europe by r asus
of the \ast number of new ii dustral enter-
prises and the hi. her price < f manual labor.
A hundred lLonstud dollars is n > unusual con-
siderati n for a patent-riyht, nud some are val-
ued ly millions. The a inual income from
licenses grant d on the 'Blake Sole Sewing
Machiue' is over time hundrad thousand dol-
lars—and other pat nttd inventions areequ»Hy
pre fi able. Inventors are encouraged by the
moderate government fVe of thirty-five dollars,
which Becures an invention for st-v-nteen years
without further payment— the rights of pat-
entees are generally respected by the public,
and no National Legislator, with a single el*
cepion, has ventured to propose the abolition
of a syr-ttm which at once stouies substantial
ju-uice to inventors and proves of incalculable
advantage to ihe ration "
The annual meeting of the Sutter Street
railroad company will be held on June 14th.
June 5, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
867
Qood HeV-TH-
Fetid Feet.
Borne persons can be "smelled" a mile off,
more or less; it is a misfortune, and a source
of very great mortification to the refined aud
sensitive. Ic ma; be "born" with some; with
others, if not all, it is the result of a diseased
condition of the system, or of a neglect of per-
sonal cleanliness. There is a peculiar odor
emanating from the feet, which is, perhtp°,
always the result of uucleanlioesi. If daily
washings do not remove these odors, a very ef-
ficient wash U found in red oxide of lead, one
part to twenty- nine parts of the liquor of the
snb aoeUte of lead; the first to he bruised in a
porcelain mortar, gradually adding the latter;
apply a few drops once a week, oftener in bum-
mer.
A speciQo odor escapee every one, and is pe-
culiar to the iidivlduul; the dog knows it, and
by it follows his master through any crowd of
human teiogs, aod never makes a mistake.
A man's oruan of smell is not thus acntely de-
veloped; still there are persons whose peculiar
penetrating odor is readily reoopnized. This
does not come from the "sweat" of the person,
as no such odor issues from the hands, but
from the arm-pits and other parts kept oovertd
by the olotbing, so that the air cannot pene-
trate; nor is the application of soap and water
too frequently allowed. When the "sweat"
remains in contact with the skin, it undergoes
a chemical change, and it is this which disen-
gages the peculiarly disagreeable odor, as to
the feet particularly; thus this chemical forma-
tion is a kind of fetid fat, which is absorbed
into the pores of the leather, and thero it is de-
tained with fresh additions duily, for weeks
and months, with increasing rancidity, as the
smell of any old boot or shoe will demonstrate.
Some persons wear stockings without change
from the time they are first put on until they
are worn full of holes. Very many do not
wash their feet oftener than once a month;
only a few as often as once a week. To be
scrupulously olean, the feet should be washed
every night before going to bed, and no stock-
ing, boot, or shoe should be put on a second
time, until it has had a whole day's sunning,
at least by those who have an ambition to be
aud feel as sweet and clean as a dew drop on
the rose of summer; or put two tablespoons of
the compound spirits of ammonia (hartshorn)
in a basin of water, and wash the face, hands,
arms, arm-pits and feet witn it. The skin is left
fresh, clean, and sweet; it is perfectly harmless,
and costs but little. — Sail's Journal.
Salicylic Acid— The New Disinfectant. —
The powers of oarbolio acid to arrest fermenta-
tion and putrefaction are well known. But its
odor is to most persons decidedly offensive,
and if taken internally, even in minute doses,
it is apt to produce very serious results. Ac-
cording to the recent investigations of Pro-
fessors Kolbe, Knap and others, salicylic acid
pos-esses the same antiseptic power without
the accompanying disadvantages. It is in-
odorous, of a faintly sweet taste, and can be
taken internally, even in relatively large doBes,
without injurious efh-cts. It will, tberefore,
prove of great value in preserving meats, eggs,
fruit, preserves, beverages', medicinal prepara-
tions inks and a great variety of organic mat-
ters from mouldiness or putrefaction. One
part of the acid is capable of preserving 26,000
parts of water from becoming tainted. Small
traoeb of it prevent wines, malt liquors, etc,
from turning sour in cask or bottle.
The mental condition has far more influence
upon the bodily health than is generally nap-
post d. It is no doubt true that ailments uf the
body cause depressing and morbid conditions
of the mind; but it is no less true that sorrow-
ful and disagreeable emotions produce disease
in persons who, uninfluenced by them, would
be in sound health; or if disease is not pro-
duced, the functions are disordered. Not even
physioiaus always consider the importance of
this fact. Agreeable emotions set in motion
nervous currents which stimulate blood, brain,
and every part of the system into healthful
activity; while grief, disappointment of feeling
and brooding over present sorrows or past
mistakes, depress all the vital forces. To be
phyhically well, one must in geneial be happy.
The reverse is not always true; one may be
happy and cheerful and yet be a constant suf-
ferer in body.
Sunflowers foe Fevehs.— Favorable men-
tion continues to be made of the virtues of
sunflowers as preventives of bilious fever,
chilli, fever, etj. A correppoudeut writing
from a place in Alabama, which he Fays w*s
peculiarly subject to fevers, gives the results
of his experience on the premises, and in not
a single instance where he plautfd sunflowers
around his negro cabins did their inmates
suffer from fevern, while his wife, two cl ildren
aud two house servants all had fevers, he not
ha\ing Dlanted any of the sunflowers around
his dwell ng, whi h, in his opinion, accounted
for the difference in the results.
Cube foe Chilblains. — Glycerine, one
ounce; carbolic acid, one-balf a drtim; mix,
and au(jly night and morning. If the th* suf-
fering ia severe, soak the fe-t every night in a
tea made of white oak bark. The remedy is
said to be infallible.
Chloral In Sea-Sickness.
First, no person should take more than
twenty grains of chloral, or its equivalent of
two teaspoonfulsof the syrup of chloral, iu one
dose, without the advice of a physician. Sec-
ondly, the action of the drug will be mnch ex-
pedited by diluting the dose largely, say with
half a tumbler of water. Thirdly, the remedy
should be taken before the vessel is in motion,
but not until every arrangement has been made
which will insure the patient against being dis-
turbed or roused during the passage. Fourth-
ly, the patient should He down, and— weather
permitting— remain on deck. Fifthly, although
chloral taken in the dose indicated will gener-
ally induce sleep, the patient may pass into a
semi-conscious, dreamy state, quite as favor-
able for the purpose under consideration. The
drug is, however, cumulative in its aotfon, and
must not, therefore, on a short passage, be
repeated. More than two ye rs ago I ventured
to prevent a lady going to Ostend from taking
a fourth repitition of what I ascertained to be
a twenty-grain doBe of chloral, which sfie had
been told by a friend must be continued at
short intervals till she slept. On arrival at
our destination she was taken off the vessel in
a perfectly unconscious state. In long voyages,
however, as to America, I have advised with
success two doses of twenty grains, taken at
intervals of eight to ten hours, and afterward
five-grain doses twice daily till the patient be-
comes acoustomed to the motion of the vessel.
Persons always have and always will use
remedies without medical advice, and accidents
will continue to occasionally result from such
practices. It is the recollection of the many
such misadventures which have already
attended the use of chloral taken unadvisedly
for the relief of pain, that induces me to think
these precautions for its use in sea-siokness
worthy of attention. — Exchange.
Remedy pob Lockjaw. — Smoke the wound or
bruise with the smoke of wool. Twenty min-
utes in the smoke of wool will take the pain
out of the worst wound, and, repeated once or
twice, will allay the worst case of inflammation
arising from a wound.
Scablet Fever in a very dangerous form, is
prevailing in Sacramento and vicinity, and has
proved fatal in a number of cases. In some
families two and three children have died.
UsEfdL IftfO^p^TION.
To Fobm Pebfect Sqtjabes. — Squares can be
tested with the dividers by drawing two cir-
cles, one within the other, from the Bame cen-
ter, of sixteen and twelve inches diameter re-
spectively; then set the dividers to ten inches, in-
sert one point in any part of the outer circle,
aud mark the point exactly where a circle
(drawn with the dividers in this position)
would intersect the inner circle; now draw a
straight line through the center of the circles
and through the point marked iu the inner cir-
cle; and through the outer one, another line
starting from the point where the dividers were
inserted in the outer circle through the center
of the circles, until the outer circle is reached.
If this is done exactly, the points where those
lines intersect the outer circle will form the
corners of a perfect square whose Bide is
11.3137 ioohes. If the square is correct, it
will fit the square thus formed and also the
lines in the center, which divide the cirole into
four equal parts, and the angles must be ninety
degrees. This is based on the rule for finding
the bypothenuse of a right angled triangle,
thus 6 square=36 and 8 Equare=64, sum 100,
the square root of which is ten. This is some-
times called the six, eight and ten rule for
squaring buildings. — Ex.
To Preserve Posts. — The American Chemist
says that a Western farmer discovered many
years ago that wood could be made to last
longer than iron in the ground. Time and
weather, he says, seems to have no effect on it.
The posts can be prepared for less than two
cents apiece. This is the recipe: Take boiled
linseed oil and stir into it pulverized charcoal
to the consistency of paint. Put a ooat of this
over the timber, and, he adds, there is not a
man who will live to see it rot.
The expensive part of the Darnells battery
is the copper plate, the cost of which can be
reduced two-thirds in the following manner:
Procure sheets of the ordinary sheet tin of
commerce, brighten, and plunge- into a very
weak copper-plating solution, in connection
with a voltaic battery of a vt-ry low quantity.
In fifteen minutes a tenacious film of copper
will have been deposited on the tin and tbe
plate can tben be bent into shape and used iu
the ordinary manner.
Accobdinq to Botger, nickel is better adapted
than any other metal for galvanizing iron, and
it resists the action of oxida'ion much better
than gold. The latter metal is very porous
when it is in a thin layer; nickel, on the con-
trary, forms a thoroughly impermeable coating.
Fbench papers speak of a newly invented
texture, a kind of cloth manufactured of the
down of chickens, ducks, eto. It iB water-
proof, and m iy be dyed in all thed:fferent
Bhades. The experiments have met with
great success.
Alcohol— CrjBicrjs Chanok of Meaning.—
Dr. Richardson iu a recent lecture gives some
information, says the London Mt&lcal Record,
on this much used word. He says that the
first employment of the English word alcohol
is obscurely recorded. Bartholomew Parr, one
of the most learned of scientific classics, ta-
king the usual derivation of the word from the
Arabic Al ka-bol, a subtle essence, says it was
originally employed to designate an impalpa-
ble powder, ut-ed by the Eastern women to
tinge the hair and margins of the eylids. As
this powder, viz., an ore of lead, was impalpa-
ble, tbe same name was piven to other subtle
powders, and then to spirit of wine exalted to
its highest purity and perfection. The earliest
systematio and truly scientific use of tbe term
that Dr. Richardson could discover is in Nich-
olas Lemert's "Course of Chemistry," publi*h-
od in 1698. Then the word ia used as a verb,
"to alcoholize," and the definition of this is
said to be "to reduce to alcohol, as when a
mixture is beaten into an impalpable powder."
Tbe word, sayB Lemert, is also used to express
a very fine spirit, "thus the spirit of wine well
rectified is called the alcohol of wine."
Ballooning. — The following practical hints
on ballooning are published by Donaldson the
aeronaut, in a little paper edited by him and
named the Aerial. The lifting strain of a bal-
loon is principally upon the net. If a balloon
will stand inflation, it is safe in mid-air. In
winter, the atmosphere is warmer one mile
above the clouds than it is at the earth's sur-
face. The weight of a balloon to carry one
man, including net and basket, should not ex-
ceed 80 pounds. A cotton balloon will last for
about sixty ascensions. A balloon thirty feet
iu diameter undergoes a strain of 1% pounds to
tbe square foot of surface. Gas which at the
earth fills the bag only half full, will, at an ele-
vation of 3% miles, expand so as to fill it
completely. One thousand feet of coal gas
will raise 38 pounds. Gas which gives a poor
light is the best for aerostatics. Kites can be
used to steer by sending them up or lowering
them into oarrents of air traveling in different
directions from that in which the balloon is
sailing.
Waterproof Papeb. — The French papers
speak of a method of rendering paper ex-
tremely hard, and tenaoious by subjecting the
pulp to the action of chloride of zino. After it
has been treated with the chloride it is submit-
ted to a strong pressure, thereafter becoming
as hard as wood and as tough as leather. The
hardness varies according to the strength
of the metallic solution. The material thus
produced can be easily colored. It may be em-
ployed in covering floors with advantage, and
may be made to replace leather in the manu-
facture of course shoes, and is a good material
for whip-handles, the mounting of saws, for
buttons, combs and other articles of various
descriptions. An excellent use of it is in large
sheets for roofing. Paper already manufac-
tured acquires the same consistency when
plunged, unsized, into a solution of the chlo-
ride.
Detection of Beef Fat ob Lard in Buttee.
— Mr. Stoddart gives the following method of
distinguishing between butter and other fats of
animal origin. A quantity, say fifty grains of
butter, is put into an ounce bottle, half filled
with ether, and the mixture is well agitated. If
the butter be genuine, perfeot solution of the
fatty matter will take place, and salt and water
will be separated, together with curd, which iB
occasionally present to the extent of eight or
nine per cent. The salt and water may be
readily recognized, and the curd may be proved
such by heating a small portion on a slip of
glass, when it will dry and fall to powder. If
beef fat or lard be present, they will not dis-
solve in the ether, but fall to the bottom of the
solution; by the application of heat, as in the
oase of curd, the fatty character of these sub-
stances is at once shown by their liquefaction.
Prairie Chickens and Gbasshoppebb. —
While naturalists and entomologists are puz-
zling over the discovery of some plan to pre-
vent the recurrence of the grasshopper plague
in the Western States during next fall, it would
be well for them to take the immense yearly
slaughter of the prairie chickens into consider-
ation. The numbers of these birds which are
slaughtered eaoh winter by trapping after
heavy snow storms, and find their way to the
markets, are something enormous; and as tbe
grasshoppers constitute a great part of their
natural food, it seems not improbable- that the
disappearance of the former migbt exercise a
very appreciable effect in the increase of the
devastating insects.
The discovery of "plate glass," which was
accidental, was made in the year 1688, by a
man oalled Thevait. It is attributed to tbe
breakage of a pot containing some of the melted
material, a portion of whioh flowed under a
large flag stone, wh'ch, when subsequently re-
moved, was found in ibe form of a platn. This
suggested the idea of oas'ii g *t in plntrp; a
patent was soon obtained, and works were
established in Paris.
Every passenger- car on the Illinois railroads
is by law compelled to be furnished with a
woodman's ax, t ledge-hammer, a hand- saw
and two leather buckets.
A silvering powder for coating oopper con-
sists of nitrate of silver 30 grains, common fait
30 grains, cream of tartar 3% drachms. Mix,
moisten with water, and apply.
DopEspc EcGflopiY"
Hints for the Household.
A correspondent of the Germantown Tele-
yraph furnishes the following "trifles" under
the head of " Hints for the Household:"
Triples. — There are many little things in
the household, attention to whioh is indispen-
sable to health and happiness. The kind of
air which circulates in a house may seem a
small matter, for we cannot see tbe air, and
not many people know anything about it; yet
if we do not provide a regular supply of pure
air within our houses, we shall inevitably suffer
for our neglect. A few specks of dirt may
seem neither here nor there, and a olosed door
or window appears to make little difference;
but the little dirt and the little bud air are apt
to sow the seeds of ill-health, and therefore
ought to be removed. The whole of the house-
hold regulations are, taken by themselves,
trifles — but trifles tending to au important
result.
Preventive aoalnst Moths. — A very pleas-
ant perfume, aud also preventive against moths,
may be made of tbe following iogredientB.
Take of cloves, oarraway seed, nutmeg, maoe,
cinnamon and Tonqnin beans, of eaoh one
ounce, tben add as much Florentine orris root
as will equal the other ingredients put to-
gether. Grind the whole well to powder, and
put it in little bags among your olothes, eto.
This will answer for furs also; but I never
tried anything more certain as a protection
against moths in furs than to first shake out or
beat out every foreign substance before putting
away for the season. Then wrap them up in
a perfeotly sound newspaper. What I mean
by sound is that there shall be no holes or
breaks in the paper. Make a bag of the paper
by pasting; pack it and paste up the mouth of
the bag. Put it in a drawer where it will not be
disturbed. If well done not a moth will ever
be found inside. Try it.
Washing Woolens. — Professor Artus, who
has devoted himself to tbe discovery of the
reason why woolen clothing, when washed with
soap and water, will insist upon shrinking and
becoming thick, and acquiring that pecuUar
odor aud feeling whioh so annoys housekeepers,
says these evil effects are due to the decompo-
sition of soap by the acids present in perspir-
ation and other waste of the skin which the
clothing absorbs. The fat of the soap is then
precipitated upon the wool. These effects may
be prevented by steeping the articles in a warm
solution of washing soda for several hours,
then adding some warm water and a few drops
of ammonia. The woolens are then to be
washed out, and rinsed in lukewarm water.
Lemon-drops fob Children. — Squeeze the
juioe of six lemons into a basin; pound some
lump sugar and sift it through a fine sieve;
mix it with the lemon-juice and make it so
thick that you can hardly stir it; put it into a
stew-pan, and stir it over tbe fire for five roin-
utes; then drop out of a teaspoon on writing
paper and let it stand until cold.
Treacle Pie. — Line a di-h with thin paste,
cover with treacle as for rolly-polly pudding,
and continue alternate layers of paste and
treacle till the dish is full, finishing with paste;
bake in a moderate oven.
Violet Powdee. — Violet powder is made by
Bcenting finely-sifted arrow root with a little
orris root.
The Mosaic Dietaby Laws. — It is strange
that the Mosaio prescriptions for man's diet,
chiefly taken from the tabernacle rites, have
become, by common consent, the bill of fare of
modern society, with variations, of course. In
the cities, especially, the main articles of fuod
are those whioh the laws of Moses recommend.
When in former days people dieted largely
on pork, many became hogs themselves, and
many diseases, still raging among men, have
been conveyed into the human system by the
consumption of pork, rabbits, bares aud other
animal food which the law forbids.
Physiologists understand well enough the
importance of diet, and yet none have gone to
the trouble of giving the Mosaic dietary laws a
thorough scientific examination. Here are the
Jews, after 3,000 years, a healthy, intelligent,
energetic and fertile race. Much is said about
their longevity, temperance, charitable dispo-
sition, eto.; still no scientist has taken the
trouble to examine the food on which this race
lived and thrived. The point is certainly,
scientifically, very important.
New Method of Cleaning Woolen Goods. —
It is well known that wool when first t ikon
from tbe sheep contains an unctuous secretion
from the skin of the sheep oalled "yolk." This
soapy substance contains potasb, and can be
washed out with water, with whioh it forms a
sort of lather. In Elbceuf this yo'k is em-
ployed with advantage as a substitute for ful-
br's earth in cleaning woolens. The raw wool
is put in a large vat, and covered with water.
Here it is left for three hour*; then the water
i« let out into a second vat, and afterwards
pump d '-I'kinto the first vat for two hours
longer. Tlio operation is repeated two or
three times, and then the wo '1 is taken out of
ihe vat freed of water. NeW*wool is now put
in the vat and manipulated as above, until tbe
water is sufficiently soapy. The cl th is put
iu the fulling machine with a sufficient quan-
tity of this liquor, and fulted for two or three
hours. After washing it is found to be per-
fectly clean.
368
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 5, 1875
W. B.EWER Senior EnrroB.
DEWEY & CO., Futolisliers.
*. T. DBWXT. GK0' H* BTB0NG
JNO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising: Rates:
Scbsobtptionb payable n advance— For one year, $4;
ilx 'months, $2.25; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by Registered letters or P. O. orders at onr risk.
AnvEBTiBiNO Rateq. — 1 week.- 1 moTixh. 3 months. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $'2.00 $5.00
One-half inch $1.00 -3.00 7.50 24.00
Oneinch 1.60 4.00 12.00 40.00
Large advertisements at favorable rateB. Special or
reading notices, legal advertisements, noticeB appearing
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
nserted at speoial rates.
San Francisco:
Saturday Morning, June 5, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS.— Short Lectures on
Patents; A New Style of Dry Ore Crusher, 361.
Mining Education— Practice and Theory; Reworking
Old Mines; Memorial Day; The Coming Exhibition;
Exhaust Steam and Draft, 368. Tea; Notices of
Recent Patents, 369. Patents and Inventions; Gen-
eral News Items, 372-
ILLTTSTRATIONS.— McFarland's Patent Dry Ore
Crusher, 361. Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom,
366. Cultivation of Tea, 369.
CORRESPONDENCE.— Mineral City Mines, 363.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.— Sensations Produced
by a Lightning Stroke; Diamonds from Sugar; Inter-
esting Discovery; The Evaporation of Metals by
Electricity; Interesting Fact; Interesting Arcnieo-
logical Discovery; Magnetism of Railways; A Boiling
Lake; Steel vs. Iron RailB; Utilizing Wave Power;
Triumphs of Science; Progress of Russia in Manu-
factures and Arts; Hydrogen Gas in Iron; American
Iron Ship Building, 363-
MECHANIOAIi PROGRESS— What Steel Is;
Experiments on Steel— Magnetism and Carbon; To
Prevent Cars Jumping from the Track; Steam; Mas-
tic for Iron and Other Materials; Channelled Nails;
Casting dteel, 363.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Colorado and
Idaho, 364-5-
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 366-
USEFUL INFORMATION.— To Form Perfect
Squares; To Preserve Posts; Alcohol— Curious Change
of Meaning; Ballooning; Waterproof Paper; Detection
of Beef Fat or Lard in Butter; Prairie Chickens and
Grasshoppers, 367-
GOOD HEALTH-— Fetid Feet; Salicylic Acid— The
New Disinfectant; Sunflowers for FeverB; Cure for
■ Chilblains; Chloral in Sea-Sickness; Remedy for
Lockjaw, 367-
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Hints for the House-
hold; The Mosaic Dietary Laws; New Method of
Cleaning Woolen Goods, 367.
MINING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 372.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Affairs at Panamint; About
Arizona Mines: The Grave of Comstook; Calaveras
Gravel Mines; Tin in Powder; A Mine in a Post Hole;
Origin of the Nitre Beds of Peru; A Light without
Fire; Improved Freight Car, 362. Coast Railroad
Items; Quicksilver Mining and its Profits; The In-
ventor's Paradise, 366.
Monthly List of Scientific Books.
[Published the first issue in every month.)
AUTHOR. TITLE. PBICE.
Fncbs (Prof.), Practioal Guide to the Determina-
tion of Minerals by the Blowpipe $2 50
Foye (James C-), Tables for the Determination
and Classification of Minerals found in the
U. 8 75
Joynson (F. H.) , Mechanics' and Students' Guide
in the Designing and Construction of Gen-
eral Machine Gearing 2 00
Jones (John), Hand-railing Cut Square to the
Plank, without a Falling Mould 2 50
Sprague (J. T.), Electricity— Its Theory, Sources
and Applications 3 00
Evers (Henry), Navigation in Theory and Prac-
tice 1 60
"Vogel (Prof.), The Chemistry of Light and Pho-
tography 1 75
Lakey, Village and Country Houses 6 00
Whitney (Wm. Dwight) , The Life and Growth of
Language - 1 60
Stephenson (S. H.), Boysand Girls inBiology... 1 50
Galton (Franois) , English Men of Science 1 00
The above list is compiled and the works are
for sale by A. L. Bancroft & Co., Scientific
Booksellers, 721 Market street, San Francisco.
Tee California clay manufacturing company
own a tract of land on Cook's ranch, oo the
line of tie Ca'ifomia aiid Oregon railroad, one
mite beyond Lincoln, where ihey are now
prepariug to work about two hundred acres
of clay and coal lands. This clay is said
to be of the best quality yet discovered on this
ooast, and ihe company thinks it will prove an
important industrial addition to the Sta'e, and
of great advantage to all pot'eiirs. Exatniua
tion of it has been made by H. G. Hanks, who
speaks of it, in high termB. He nods its char-
acter to be the very best for pottery work of all
classes, and one quality excellent for fire brick.
The new steamer built at Marysville for the
navigation of the Sacramento and Feather
rivers, which is to run between San Francisco
and Marysville, was successfully launched on
the 29ih ult.
Dtjbinq the month of May the mint in this
city coiDed of doable eagles, $2,140,000; trade
dollars, $535,000: quarter dollars, $11H,000;
total $2,719,000.
Mining Education— Practice and Theory.
The art of mining must, to a large extent, be
learnt at the mine, both underground and at
the surface. The diligent student will how-
ever obtain much aid from external sources,
and obtain considerable elementary knowledge
of the principles and facts of mining from
works whica are suitable to teach young min-
ers what to observe and how to interpret these
observations. The young student should en-
deavor to add to his own limited experience
the wider experiences of men in many coun-
tries, by reading as well as by conversation
with those having more experienoe than him-
self. He should also accustom himself to
make written notes of the peculiarities of all
mineral deposits with which he may become
acquainted, and of the construction, cost and
comparative efficiency of all tools, machinery
and materials which may come under his no-
tice.
The common notion that practical mining
can and ought to be taught in a school of
mines, and the instruction that would be given
in such a school should stand in lieu of prac-
tice in mining works, is, it is needless to say,
erroneous. Only in a mine and in the midst of
mining works can the student obtain that
technical knowledge without which all that he
can learn in a mining school is valueless to
him in his profession. These schools are in-
tended to add to the knowledge of the practical
miner and to encourage him to study those
branches of science which are almost indis-
pensable aids to practioe, but whioh cannot
stand as substitutes for it.
It is a mistaken notion to think that the prac-
tical man is the only one whose knowledge is
to be trusted; it is none the less a mistaken no-
tion to think that the theoretical man is the
only one whose knowledge of mining is worth
anything. In mining more than anything else,
practice and so-called theory go band in hand.
The truth is that in most cases the theoretical
men are called so because they have a wider
range of knowledge than the mere practical
man can by any possibility gain, as his know-
ledge comes from experience alone, and he
ignores the experience of others. The theo-
retical man stores in his mind the experiences
of many practical men, and with these as a
superstructure to the basis formed by the so-
called "book learning," his knowledge is more
full and ripened than that of the working
miner. There is really no antagonism between
the two classes, as eaoh gains by the knowl-
edge of the other. The fund of information
possessed by the scientific man is enriched by
contact with the practical man, and the expe-
rience of the latter becomes more valuable to
him by learning the reasons for things whioh he
has heretofore taken for granted without in-
quiring the why or "wherefore.
To become profioient, therefore, in the art of
mining, the student must have a thorough
basis for the foundation, and the basis consists
mainly in a good knowledge of laboratory work,
acquaintance with the rocks and minerals, and
some general ideas of the principles and facts
of mining. It will then be better for him, be-
fore proceeding to advanced studies, to go to
the mines, become familiar with surface and
underground work, learn the reasons why cer-
tain things are done and the results practically,
study and watch the machinery and metallur-
gical details, compare the systems in use in
different mines; and during all this time keep
notes of all items of interest likely to be valu-
able to him.
After spending as much time as convenient
in this practical work, he will be better able to
comprehend the details explained to him in his
books, and also gain a definite idea of the
class of knowledge most important for him to
attain. He will become, moreover, more in-
terested in a business with which he has some
practical acquaintance, and instead of his
studies appearing mere dry facts they will be
more energetically followed, as so much capital
to be drawn on as occasion requires in active
life. On his final retirement from scholastic
duties, and bis commencement of practical
work, the young miner will find that his store
of knowledge, both in theory and practice, can
be wonderfully increased, and he will endeavor
to increase it in both directions as rapidly as
possible. Practice alone will tire one of the
drudgery, and theory alone will show the stu-
deut tte difficulties he must eventually over-
come; but a judicious iuterminshng of both
theory and ) racttce in' mining education will
make a good miner, one who is theoretical and
practical at the same time.
At the Chollar Pott si mine the grading for
the site of the new shaft is completed, and the
erection of the heavy stone wblls for securing
the embankments have bten commenced. The
first set of timbers for the shaft have bten
framed, and are of the best character of red
epruce, fourteen by sixteen inches square. It
is intended that no other land of timber shall
be used in the shaft, as that is considered the
firmest and best that can be obtained. The
entire supply of timbers for the shaft will be
brought from Alta and Blue canon, California.
In the anthracite coal counties of Pennsyl-
vania 450 persons were killed and 1,312 more
or less hurt iu the mines during the five years
ending with 1874.
Reworking Old Mines.
There is no more encouraging sign of the
advancement of the mining interests of Cali-
fornia than that afforded by reading the nu-
merous notices of renewal of work on mines
which have been abandoned in former years.
It is not in a few isolated instances only that
this haB occurred, but it is becoming so fre-
quent as to cause little comment. In all the
old mining counties of the State there are hun-
dreds of abandoned shafts and tunnels, which
were left by their owners years ago when min-
ers looked "for what the surface afforded and did
not care to sink very deep. Frequently these
these claims were abandoned because the own-
ers found out suddenly that it required hard
knocks to get out gold, and that it did not
come in lumps as they had fondly anticipated
in coming to California. Again," they were
abandoned because the miners rushed for new
excitements where they hoped to make their
fortunes in a few days. In other cases the
olaims were left for want of capital and proper
milling facilities to work them, and sometimes
also because the owners become discouraged
before striking the lead.
Of course no one can tell in any of these
claims just how much work must be done be-
fore the investor gets his money back. Still
there are now plenty ot persevering men re-
opening these abandoned mines, and in many
cases they have struck it shortly after com-
mencing work. Only this'week we learned of
an instance of this kind which occurred in
Sierra county. A long tunnel had been run
into a hill by former owners with the expecta-
tion of tapping a ledge low down. It was run
much further than was originally intended,
but as no ledge was found the miners came to
.the conclusion that there Was nothing of it at
that depth and gave up the enterprise. The
claim laid idle some eight years, but recently a
new company relocated the ground, cleaned out
the tunnel, retimbered it and started work in
the face. They had only rnn 40 feet when the
ledge was struck, and struck rich, too. Instead
of pitching at the angle calculated by the orig-
inal owners, it pitched ata much greater angle.
The present owners are now only waiting for a
patent for their ground to commence opera-
tions on a large scale.
The Oroville Mercury of last week mentions
another circumstance of the same kind, at the
old Porter mine on Jordan hill, about five miles
from Yankee hill. This mine is now owned by
an English company, who are engaged in re-
pairing the old tunnels and drifts with a view
of again having it worked. Last week the
men in the tunnel struck the ledge at a depth of
250 feet and found it to be as rioh as any of
the owners could wish. There is an old 12-
stamp mill near the mine that has not been
used for Borne seven years, and the builoing is
in a dilapidated condition, but now the owners
will pat it in good repair and prepare to crush
the rock. The ledge formerly paid well, but
pinched out. Now that they have struok it so
deep they think it will last!
As a contrast to this abandonment of claims
under discouraging circumstances, may be
mentioned the perseverance of a miner, spokon
of by the Plumas JWatioml Some nine yearB
ago a Frenchman, whose name we could not
learn, started a tunnel into the face of the
mountain in a place known as Brown's dig-
gings, in the southern part of Plumas oounty.
He was advised, as usual, that he "was fooling
away his time," but persevered, and the sound
of his piok could have been heard at almost any
time since, as he made his slow way through
the hard rock. About the first of last January
he broke into gravel, and since then he has
taken out about $2,000, and his chance for a
big fortune is reduced almost to a certainty.
"We like to chronicle the success of juBt such
men as this Frenchman, who back their judg-
ment with their muscle, and overcome the ob-
stacles in their path by "hard knocks."
Memorial Day.
■ Memorial day was generally observed through-
out the country — not a city or a hamlet but its
flags were lowered and its people did homage
to the memory of those brave souls whose
bodies were offered a sacrifice to maintain the
nation's honor.
There is something sadly beautiful in the
idea of a nation dressing the graves of her dead
heroes with mournful emblems of respect and
love. The memories this day awakens are not
all sorrowful. The knowledge that those we
loved and lost fell in defence of a gr^at and
pure pi incite will heal the heaits that would
bb-ed afresh, check ihe sorrows that wou!d
otherwise be inconsolable. One of the most
cheering evidences of the true unity of our
country is found in 'he reports that come to us
of the mingling aLd interchange of coutte^ies
among those who not moro than a decade since
stood opposed in m »ital combat. Over the
grave of iheir dead brothers, the Union and
Confederate clasp hands and swear allegiance
to a common cause, for
"Under the sod and the dew,
Waiting the judgment day, —
Love and tears lor the bine.
Tears and love for the gray."
In San Francisco the ceremony of decorating
the graves at the cemetery was attended to
dnring Saturday, under the auspices of the
Grand Army of the Republic, and in the even-
ing Pacific Hall was crowded to ret.1 tion with
ladies and gentlemen who listened to an appro-
priate memorial address delivered by Governor
Pacheoo,
The Coming Exhibition.
As time draws on towards the date of open-
ing the Tenth Industrial Exhibition of the
Mechanics' Institute, we are glad to find our
manufacturers alive to the importance of the
event. The Secretary, Mr. Culver, reports a
large number of applications for space already
filed, and from present appearances the capacity
of the pavilion will be taxed to its utmost
to afford space for a proper display of the
different articles. Up to the first of the week
over 30,000 square feet had been applied for.
In the list of noticeable applications is that of
the managers of the Cornell watch factory, who
propose to have their mechanics at work, that
the publio may see the whole process of mak-
ing a watch. The Turbine windmill company
will have one of their windmills in operation,
the agitating power being furnished by a
blower provided for the purpose. Mr. W. W.
Hanscom, proprietor of the Hope iron worke,
will exhibit a steam yaoht. He makes a spe-
cialty of this branch of naval architecture. Mr.
L. W. Coe has engaged. space for an exhibition
of the practical working of his air compressor
and rock drill. The California furniture man-
ufacturing company will make a fine display of
house and office furniture. The California
silk company will show silks and ribbons
of their own manufacture. The Kimball man-
ufacturing company have applied for a large
space, in which to make a display of carriages,
light wagons, cars, etc. Messrs. Roman & Co.
intend making a show of their varied stock of
school furniture. Clark & Co., a new firm
from Illinois, who have commenced the manu- •
facture of organs in Oakland, desire space for
introducing their instruments to the notice of
the public. The portion of the building re-
served for mechanics is being rapidly taken up,
and we expect to see the best display in that
line ever attempted in San Francisco.
As by this time most everybody knows, the
exhibition will open on the 17th of August
next. Application for space should be made
direct to J. H. Culver, Secretary, No. 27 Post
street.
A regular meeting of the Board of Trustees
of the Mechanics' Institute was held on the
1st inst, President Hallidie, who returned
from his European trip on Monday night, was
in the chair. Mr. Etallidie has made a flying
trip of one hundred days, and returns to work
refreshed by his relaxation from business. At
the above meeting, in connection with the an-
nual election on next Monday evening, Charles
H. Gruenhagen, Wm. Kenny and John O.
Hanscom were appointed Judges of Election;
Geo. L. Hull, R. A. Marden and Wm. Freer,
Clerks of Eleotion; Geo. C. Hickox, H. J.
Booth and J. R. Wilcox, Installation Commit-
tee. Messrs. Spiers, Wells and Davis were ap-
pointed a Committee for the general manage-
ment of the election. The annual election will
be held on next Monday, from 12 m., to 6 p. m. ,
and from 7 p. m., to 9 p. m. The annual meet-
ing of the Society is held June 5th, when the
reports of the officers for the year will be pre-
sented.
Exhaust Steam and Draft.
A subscriber asks us how the aotion of ex-
haust steam in producing a draft in a locomo-
tive chimney is explained. Colburn's Loco*
motive Engineering explains simply as follows:
The exhaust steam escapes from the oylinders
through one or two contracted openings or ex-
haust nozzles which point directly up the
chimney or smoke stack. The exhaust steam
escapes from this orifice with great volooity
and expands as it rise's, so that it fills the pipe
and smoke stack. It thus acts somewhat like a
plunger or piston forced violently up the chim-
ney, and pushes the air up above it, and owing
to the friction of the particles of air carries
that which surrounds it along up the stack,
from which it all escapes finally into the open
air, thus leaving a partial vacuum behind in
the smoke box. The external pressure of the
atmosphere then forces in air through any and
every opening in the smoke'box, to take the
place of that already drawn out or exhausted
from it. As the only inlet is through the tabes,
to which the gases of combustion have
free access from the fire box, and as the exter-
nal air can only pass through the fire box and
through the burning fuel to reach the fire box,
there is a constant draft of air through the
grate us lorn; as the watte steam escapes from
the blast pipe and up the chimney. It is thus,
that wiihm ce taiu limits, the more the steam
is required the more steam produced; for all
steam used in the engine diaws in the air in
its final esoape, to excite the fire to generate
more --team.
Tlis is tbe most econonrcal and convenient
w,-y uf creiitii.g a stioug draft, us locomotive
engine botleis nave to produce more steam in
a given time, in propottion to their size, than
is required of any oiher class of boilers (ex-
cept, peihaps, those of steam fire engines), be-
cause tk- space and weight allowable for loco-
motive boilers is limited. . So by creating a
very strong draft of air through the fire and
then passing ihe heated air and products of
combustion through a great many small tubes
surrouoded by water, tbe heated gases are
divided into small st. earns, and tue steam gen-
erating capacity ot" locomotive boilers is in-
creased above that of marine and stationary
boilers.
June 5, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
Tea.
Cultivation and Preparation for Market, and Ex-
tent of the Trade.
From the fortunate geographical position of
the city of San Francisco, it is destined to be-
come the future tea market of America and
Europe. For America, it mnat be the great
distributing center, because of its position with
regard to China, and to America, North and
South. The Aea voyage to it from China and
Japan is the shortest and best that can be
made from the east of Asia to the west of Amer-
ica, and the parallels of latitude between
which it lies are those in which the tempera-
ture and weather are best suited for preserving
teas on a sea voyage. Further north or south,
there is not only a longer voyage to be under-
taken and rougher weather to be encountered,
but there are either great tropical beats or
cold wintry spells with their inevitable con-
comitant of sea damps to be encountered.
This alone will prevent any large cargoes of tea
from ever being taken to port-* further north or
south as depots for supplies, and will also neu-
tralize to a great extent the effect which the
opening of the route across the isthmus of Pan-
ama by the cutting of the proposed canal might
entail. Then the great railroad which unites
this city with the empire city of the East,
brings us at once into contact with every great
commercial city in the
United States, from the
great lakes and the St.
Lawrence to the Gulf of
Mexico, and from the
Atlantic to the Pacific
oceans. And it is certain
that sooner or later, that
railroads will connect
this city with every point
on the continent of South The Tea. Plant-
America, and the voyage by sea to 8an Fran-
cisco, by rail to New York, and by sea again to
any part of the Old World, i8 far preferable in
the important item of preservation of quality
and prevention of loss by shipwreck, to that bv
sea direct from China and Japan. By and by,
doubtless, the tea trade of China with Europe,
will be carried on over transcontinental rail-
roads that shall straddle the Old World, but be-
fore this takes place a century must have
elapsed; meanwhile the teas of Asia will reach
Europe across the American continent. The
tea trade of Europe and America is now over
three hundred million pounds, worth one
hundred and fifty million dollars per annum.
San Francisco must become for China the de-
pot and trade center of this vast commerce.
In the not distant future, ere a quarter of a cen-
tury has rolled over our heads, our tea business
will be so vast that its docks, wharves and
warehouses will oocupy one entire section of
Sifting.
our city, and fleets constantly arriving and dis-
charging will crowd our water front. Califor-
nians are therefore interested in information
concerning tea, and we h*-re present the first
installment of an article, embodying a few gen-
eral facts concerning tea oultnre and trade.
The illustrations accompanying this article
are copied literally from original painting* by
a Japanese artist. Tbey show the various
stages of tea culture in that onuntry »s de
scribed by Prof. Clerk in the Christian Weekly,
from the picking of the leaf under the shadow
of the sacred mountain Fnsi Yama, through all
its curing processes, till it is re idy for use and
sale. The methods employed are described by
Prof. Clark from personal observation.
The tea fields are scattered throughout the
country, ranged mostly along the hillsides, or,
when found on more level ground, they are
mingled among other forms of vegetation. The
tea bushes are not more than breast high even
at their fnll growth, and the young p'ants are
quite small. When first set out ihey are
planted in circle-*, the center of which are filled
with manure, and in places where they are
liable to be damaged by frost they are covered.
At the end of the third year they are trans-
planted to fresh ground. After the third year
picking commences and, though the leave-* are
freshly picked each season, yet the plant
thrives, and lives about as long as men usually
do. It is never entirely stripped, but every
spring those bright green leaves are taken
which have just appeared on the top of the
bush. The other leaves, and even those of
simply the last year, are never gathered, ex-
cept, perhaps, to make the cheapest kind of tea
for poor folks. The finest quality of tea, and
that which costs here several dollars a pound,
is made up entirely of those delicate little
shoots found at the tip end of the stems, just
as the tiny leaf is in process of forming. These
minute Bhoots are always carefully picked at
first, and the leaven just below them are gath-
ered afterward. The time to begin picking is
usually in May, and it continues at various
prooess is repeated twenty times or more, and
it is far more laborious than might ever be
supposed. Gradually the leaves become dryer
and darker in color, and after the lust rolling
tbey are spread on moderately warm pans for
awhile, and then placed in large baBketn. On
an average one man will roll and dry In a
whole day as many leaves as would till an or*
di nary tea-chest.
[ConotudeAuext woek.]
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through
Dewey & Co. 's Scientific Pbess American and
Foreign Patent Agency, the following are
worthy of mention :
Feott Duieb. — Levi A. Gould, Santa Clara,
PLANTING OTJT IN THE THIRD YEAR.
intervals for two months, according as the new
leaves make tbeir appearance, the teas from
the first being known as Garden or Bud teas.
Our illustration shows women and girls em-
ployed in the work, which is light and pleasant.
When the baskets arc full they are taken to
a long, low house, where several men are
silently at work and where they are prepared
Santa Clara county, Cal. Mr, Gould's inven-
tion is intended for drying fruits, vegetables
and other substances. A closed room, box or
tank is supported above the ground or floor, so
that a clear space will be left below, for the
purpose hereinafter described. The interior of
this box or drier forms a single chamber, but
in order to permit the use of frames or trays of
PICKING THE LEAVES.
for market. The work of preparation differs
in different localities. Our illustration repre-
sents the placing of the leaves in small quanti-
ties upon a seiies of Btout pasteboard trays or
pans, set upon brick ovens containing smoul-
dering embers of charcoal and straw. These
queer looking pans are ranged in rows, and are
Oven and Pans.
maintained at various temperatures, so that the
hand can barely be put on the hottest. In
front of each of these pins represented in out
illustration, stands a man working the leaven
between his hands and spreading them back
and forth, to keep them equally heated.
It is here that the real work of the tea-mak-
ing process is seen. These men stand from
morning till night over these slow fires, rub-
1 inganrl rolling the leaves between their hand*
onn inually. The leaveB ae placed on the
hottest pans fist, and when they are moist and
green; but after "v-icg rolled some time and
partially dried, they are allowed to cool on
straw mats, and then they are placed on a sec-
ond pan and rubbed and rolled again, This
small size, the inventor frequently constructs
two or more parallel tracks inside of the cham-
ber, by securing upright posts at intervals
through its middle, and to these posts is secured
one rail of each track, while the opposite rails
are seoured to the walls of the chamber. As
many tracks can be arranged, one above the
Heating- on the Ovens.
otr-er. as the h'gbt of the chamber will permit.
The lowermost track or tracks in the chamber
are at least ihn e feet above the bottom or floor
of the chamber, thus proline a space between
the floor and the lowfrm' st tracks, aero s
which a transverse rartitinu exterds about six
fVet from the front end cf the room or box in
the manner of a bridge wall. This partition
pxtends from the floor to the lowermost track.
Doors in front admit the frays and o'hers in
the rear allow thfm 'o be removed alter pass-
ing through th^ chamber on the tracks. B low
ihe tracks, in froi t of the partition, is a coil of
steam or bo* air pipes- Air is fore d iotn the
space in which the pipes are coiled. The frnit
to be dried having been properly placed on the
trays and the trays arranged in the tracks, the
air whioh is forced into the front end of the
box, after becoming beated by the hot pipes,
will be forced upward by the partition through
the fruit which was last introduced through the
doors. In its passage upwards the hot air will
become saturated by the moisture abstracted
from the fruit, bo that by the time it bus arrived
at the top of the chamber it will be so heavy
with moisture that it will begin to descend
towards the rear of the chamber.
A short distance back of the partition open-
ings are made in the floor of the chamber, and
in the rear end of the box or room other open-
ings are made near the floor. The hot air,
heavily saturated with moisture from the fruit,
settles directly down through the openings in
the floor and passes away underneath the
apparatus, while that portion which is less
saturated with moisture passes out through the
other openings in the rear. It will thus be
seen that the dry, hot air is compelled to pass
directly upward through the green fruit, so as
to rapidly take away its moisture. It then
descends at an aDgle through the portion of
fruit which has been previously passed through
the front portion of the chamber, disposing at
once through the openings with the portion of
air which is very heavily saturated with mois-
ture, and allowing that portion whioh is less
saturated to travel towards the rear end of the
chamber. The inventor claims that this mode
of applying the hot air to the fruit or other
substance will take away the excess of mois-
ture and at the same time leave the fruit in a
thoroughly preserved condition, without cook-
ing or burning it. It is desirable that the
moist air in descending from the top of the
chamber to the discharge openings should
come as little in coutact with the fruit as pos-
sible. The inventor therefore extends the side
'Working- the Leaves.
rails or strips of the trays a few inches beyond
the rails, so that these openings will prevent
the traye from coming together and thus provide
a spaoe of three or four inches between each
two trays, through whioh the moist atmosphere
can p&ss freely in its desoent from the top of
the chamber. The tracks on which the trays
move should descend slightly from the front to
the rear, in order to allow the trays to move
easily. In making a small portable drying ap-
paratus, a stove can be used for supplying the
heated air. It will be noticed that the chief
feature of this invention is the bridge wall or
partition for directing the current of heated air
up through the fruit, and the openings through
which the moist atmosphere is discharged.
Improved Stud Fastening. — Salle Zacbarias,
San Francisco, Cal. This is an improved
fastening for securing buttons, studs, and
other articles of jewelry in button holes, and it
consists of an arrangement by which the shank
of the stud or button can be readily
introduced into the button hole and fastened
without stretching or distorting the hole or
rumpling the material of the article of apparel
in which the button or stud is secured. In a
cuff button, for instance, the button has a
Cooling.
shank of the desired length to extend through
the thickness of the article. On this shank is
secured a rotating sleeve which has a wing
upon opposite sides, so that the sleeve with its
wingB will fit in the button hole* without unduly
stretching it. On the outer end of the sleeve is
secured an oval disk, and on the outer end of
the shank is a corresponding oval disk, so that
the sleeve with its disk can rotate on the shank
hH-wten the butfon and disk, ihe two disks
lying together. On the inner «-ndof the sleeve
is secured a spring which extends out along the
onder *ide of the button heid until its extrem-
ity prt j-cts slightly beyond the rim of the but-
ton. A notch or equivalent catch is formed at
tach quarter of the head, so that the spring
wid be stopped by each one as the button
rotates. By j reusing the extremity of this
spring down with the finger, the head can
rot* te freely as long as the pressure is contin-
ued so as to prevent the t-pring from entering
any of ihe notches, but it can be stopped in
either of the notches desired. To secure the
buttnn in the buiton bole the two disks are
wade to lie in the game direction, one upon the
other, by changing the spring to the proper
notch. The disks are then passed through the
bu" ton bole, when, by depressing the spring with
the finger, the button can be rotated one quarter
of the way around nntil the spring drops into
■ he next notch, so as to turn the disk on the
opposite or inner end of its shank across the
other disk and thus secure the button in place.
370
MINING AJNTD SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 5, 1875
banking.
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAX FKANCISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
O. W. KELLOGG President.
H. F. HASTINGS Manager.
11. N. VAN BRUNT Oashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street Ban Franoisco.
Kountse Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YOftK,
Allow interest at the rate tf Four per cent, upos
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
jsiillior, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence frcm Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
111 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FKANOISOO
4v27tf a. MAHE. Director.
bii3irie33 birectory.
HII.BB H. GKAT. JAMES U, HATBH.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
Irt Rolldingof Pacific Insurance Co., N. K. corner Call
'oroift a.n Leidesdorff streets.
SAN FRANCTSfJO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street.
. W. corner Baoromento.
* 1 instruments made, repaired and adjuatod
22vl7-3m
jJOSRPH GILLOTTS
STBEL_PENS.
l SoM by nl i Pt-rtlcra throughout the World. _
WW. OAKTLlrin. HKNET KIMBALL.
BARTLINO- & KIMBALL,
KOOKBINOEKS,
Paper Killers and Blank Book Manufacturers
505 GIuf street, (.southwest cor. Sansome),
6vT2-am SAN .FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. F.
TRefers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge S,
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
l^cellapeolis pices.
LITTON SPRINQ-S
SELTZER WATER,
FROM X.ITTOIV FARK,
NearHealdsburg-, - SONOMA CO., CAL.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS.
One wine gallon of water contains of solid conBtitu
ents 228.69 grains, in the following proportions:
Carbonic Acid (combined) 42.9B
Chlorine 78.38
Sulphuric Acid 2.36
Silicic Acid 2.02
Oxide of Iron 2.85
Lime ,"". 4.41
Magnesia 6.24
Soda 62.19
Alumina "1
Ammonia
Potash _ I 27.38
Lithia r
Boiacic Acid
Organic Matter .' j
Total grains '. 228.69
The amount aifree oarbonio acid in the water which
escapes on standing and is not calculat-d in the above
analysis, iB equal to 383.75 grains per gallon.
Nature's Specific for the Cure of Indigestion,
Costiveness, Piles. Irregularities of the
Action of the Kidneys and Liver,
Inflammation of the Eyes,
Gout, Rheumatism, Etc.
Sold In Pint and Half-pint Bottles, and
also by the Gallon.
Delivered in any part of the City, and forwarded to
any part of the Country, by application to the Office.
Office and Depot, 439 Bush Street, San Francisco.
E. B. SMITH & CO., Agents.
mayl-lam-bp
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
"We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on handalarge stock of Manila Rope, all Bizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBES & CO..
e20 till and 613 Front street, San PranoiBoo
THE TURBINE.
!§imple6t9 Cheapest,
and Most Durable.
The Inventor of the Dexter Windmill lias made new
and useful improvements in Windmills, patented March
16th, 1875, and now feels confident of having the
SIMPLEST, CHEAPEST, MOST DURABLE, and
ONLY PERMANENT WINDMILL
IN THE WORLD.
Simplest, because it is less complicated; Cheapest,
because it never needs repair, standing on a firm foun-
dation; Most Durable, because it is all under cover,
and has lesB rigging to get out of order; Only Perma-
nent, because the only Windmill in the world that has
never been injured by storms. Hundreds of people,
who have thought the Dexter perfect, will be glad to
observe the SUPERIORITY OF THE TURBINE over
all predecessors. Although much improved, the price
of mills remain the same as formerly. Persons who
study their own interest will Investigate the TURBINE
before purchasing any other.
Territory for sale outside of California, at reasonable
rat ■ s and easy terms.
Mills built to order of the best material, and at the
shortest notice, by Kimball Manufacturing Company,
corner Fourth and Bryant streets, San Francisco. Any
orders sent to their address will receive prompt atten-
tion.
BS5~For further information regarding Mills or Terri-
tory, send for New Circular. Address,
A. H. SOTJTHWICK,
P. O. Box 1385, 8an Francisco; or
P. O. Box 25, Oakland, Oal.
DAVID WOERNEB,
liaiit
iEini««*!B
COOPER,
Ho- 104 and 112 Spear St., San Prancisco.
Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Beer Bar-
rels, etc., manufactured at Short Notice
and LOW KATES.
LUMBER for CASKS, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
ndDried if required.
eow,-bp.
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
THE DR. BLY ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
16S Tehama Street,
COR. OF THIRD', BETWEEN HOWARD & FOLSOM
THE "ANATOMICAL LEG" WITH A UNIVERSAL
ankle motion ; the above cut is its illustration. This
artificial leg approaches so much nearer an imitation
of the functions of nature than any other, that it stands
witbont a rival among all the inventions in artinicial
legs, old or new. (The very latest annouced new in-
ventions duly considered.)
Address MENZO SPRING,
166 Tehama street, S P., Cal.
6v30-lam-bp-3m
BfiBEiSSfeL^
This is a Sure Cure for Screw Worm, Scab
and foot Bot in Sheep. It also kills Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep.
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gallon of the Dtp properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred Bheep,
so that the cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they areamply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
Ths Dip is guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimaie, Sulphur, Tobacco, and other remedies which
hnve heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upon application, giving
f njl directions for its use, al«o certificates of pronrh ent
sheep growers who have uBed large quantities of the
Dip, and pronounce it the most effective ana reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep. mrl3-bp
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
CATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory's Diamond
Catarrh Remedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fllty
cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market street, San Fran
Cisco, Cal., opposite Palace Hotel. Sold by all drug-
gists.
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO.,
Patent Riveted
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery St.,
Son Francisco.
These goods are specially
adapted foe the UBe o
FARMERS, ME0HAN103,
MINERS, and WOBJKINO
MEN in general. They
are manufactured of the
Best Material, and In a
Supetior Manner. A rrla
will convlnoe everybody of
this fact.
Patented May 13, 1873.
BSE NO OTHER, AND INQUIRE FOR THESE
GOODS ONLY. eow-bp
SANBORN & BYRNES,
Mechanics' Hills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Franoisco. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Stair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
Balusters. , D5v6.8m.bp
Office of Drain Pipe Works,
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the best in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WEULS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
Geo.M.Ghant&Go.
PniLADELPUIA.
The Candles sold under the above well known
'brand" are made only of Pure Stearic Acid, twice
hydraulic pressed, are not cheapened by adulteration
with crude material, and upon burning, give a large
arid brilliant flame, without running. 18v9-2ambp
S. W. Corner Sac
ramento and
IMonteom-
erySts..
S. F.
DRAINS
CONSTRUCTED
In any part of the
State, and
Work Warranted
E. T.HENOMY
Proprietor.
bp-eow-1 yr
The National Gold Medal
WAS AWARDED TO
BEADLEY & RUL0FS0N
FOR THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE,
UNITED STATES,
AND THE
VIENNA MEDAL
FOR THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
No. 429 Montgomery Street,
eowbp ' San Francisco, Oal.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
Persons engaged in the following busineBS can have
their Signs Painted at contract prloet, lor goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors, Gents'Furnish'grG'ds,
Bootmakers, Furniture Dealers,
Hatters, Jewelers.
Hotels, Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants, Etc, Etc
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER.
TRADE A MARK.
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced ceitain unscrupulous persons 1 1 offri
flierr inferior productions in flasks haviug our Trade
Mark -'A," notice is given to consumers and shippers
ihat Quicksilver, A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BfcXL, or Mb duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J- B. RANDOL, Manager,
New Almaden, April 5th, 1875.
Real Estate Agency,
900 Broadway, OAKLAND.
—BY —
T. B. BIGEL0W, E. BIGEL0W and
WM. K. R0WELL.
Parties seeking homes or looking for property for
investment in this rapidly- growing city, noted for its
educational and many other advantages, are invited to
oall on the above agents, who have a laroe list of very
choice improved and unimproved property for sale.
They also deal in FARMING AND GRAZING
LANDS, and Invite correspondence from any who
may wish to buy or sell this kind of property.
Apr3-lam-bp
June 5, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
371
piping fAactiipery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOIt QDAIITZ MILT^,
Hade br oar lmprovrd pro.
c««. After many years of
pallsnt reaearch andtxprrtmtnt
we hayc succeeded In prodaclug
STEEL SHOES AND DIES fur
QCARTZ
MILLS. I
l>le. Lhoe.
Economy.
Will wear three tlnioa longer than any Iron Shoes.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quarts Hills. Pans. Separators. Concentrators, Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Fnrnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shaiting. and Qrneral MiDlog Machinery in all its
deulls. and Furnishers of M lalng Supplies.
All orders promptly fillod.
MOBET & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y
Examination solicited. *
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 26, 1875.
For description Bee Mining and Scientifio Peesh,
Mur.-b 6, 1875.
For Cleaning Quicksilver Before Using: it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
(Aachifiery.
N. Seibert's Eureka Lubricators.
TUB HIGHEST PREMIUM
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cisco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; feed con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated tinder the oil by valve J, and forced
out through cheek valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
0; it then becomes greasy steam, passes to all the
valves and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glaBB
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rod* and stems lasts longer, and the rings on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will last from three
to six days, according to speed and size of engine; I,
eliding gauge; E, valve to shut off when engine.stopps;
H, F, valves to shut off in cose of frost; steam does not
enter the cup; it is always cool; warrontedt give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Manufactured by
California Brass Works, 125 First street, S F. 24v23
"THE DANBURY"
[DRILL CHOCK.
The Favorite Everywhere.
Send stamp for circular.
| The Hull & Belden Company, Lantmry. Ct.
P. 8. — These Chucks are now on hand and for sale
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
Ho, 4 Car Wheel Borer.
We have the btet and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
need iu
MINR. IOC0MOTIY6,
AND
E. K. Rbpair Shops.
fS^ For Photographs, Prices and Description, etc,
address
NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
98 Chambers street, New York.
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS. -s'1
11-3
a q 3
fl., -P rrt
a 2
CI ^
:.f!
Examiner of Mines, Mineral A.aaayer, Etc.
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth); $12 (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
at the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fairo*18G9.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, ault-
able for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
OOR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
. AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
CRANK PLANERS.
{Superior Design zzi Workmanship, Extra Hoary (1100 lb. )
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED,
K TO PLANK 12x16x15.
|The Hull Is Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
Extra Heatx and Improved Pattekks,
PUTNAM MA-CHIIfE CO.,
MAHtrPAOTtmEB.
LATHES, PLANERS, BDRING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NUT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTINa AND 8HAPINQ
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310. California Street, S. I'
LANE & BODLEY,
John and Water St*., Cincinnati.
Manufacturers of
PORTABLE & STATIONARY STEAM
ENGINES,
Prom two to two hundred Horse Tower. Send for
Illustrated catalogue.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-horee power. Shifting, Pulleys, Hoist Gears,
PuartzMillF, Water Tonka, Spunmb-AraBlraB, Pumps and
ipea, Hepburn and Belden Puns, and all kinds of Ma-
chinery for tale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
266 Brannan street, S. F.
Highest cash prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
pll
La Estimates
Mdesci'iptioi
gThsHullfc
Estimates given Tor Special "Work of every
description. Are fully cqulpnrri with i.i-s:.
class machinery aim Tools.
The Hull & Belden 001115037, Danburj, Ct,
IRON AND STEEL
DE0P F0BGING.
Of Every Description, at Reasonable Prices. I
The Hull & Eelden Company, Danbury, Ct. j
"DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANE PIN.
I Stbjkes Blow Heavy or Limit, Fast or Slow.
i Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1875.
|The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co., Importers ol
Stoves and MeialB. Tinners' Goods, Toola and Machines;
111 and 11 CalHorniaSt., 17 and 19 L»avis St., San Fran-
cisco, and 178 J St.. Sacramento. mr _-iy
Metallurgy and Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS* MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals.
Druggists Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
612 and 614 Washington street, SAN FRANOIBOO
Wo would cull the special attention of Assayers
Chemists, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Projectors, etc.. to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chomical Apparatus,
Having been engaged In furnishing these Boppliea slue*
the flTHt dlncovery of mines on the pacific Coast.
•?* Out Gold and Silver Tables, showing the valae
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
nable tables for computation of assays in Grains
Grammes, will be aent free upon application.
7v25-tf
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Machine* Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them iBsufflcieut evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of themnller forces
the pulp to the center, whore It Is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces. —
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to * he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore 1b
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal uruiU-
gamated.
Sellers made on the some principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men ore invited to examine these pans and setters
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francisoe
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Flans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for workiDg Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E, HUHN,
C. A. LTJCKHARDT,
Mining- Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MEKCHAW'I'W.
Al>f.l.\TE» HADI
O.atll bind* of Ores, and pnrtlcolu.- ullentlu.
PAID TO
Oi»N*)I€tNIMKNTH OP UOOdll.
tvlfrSm
Instructions in Assaying,
Cliemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENRY 6. HANKS
Will receive a few pupils at hie new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
Assayer and ^tetallujrari«a3
CHEMtgiT,
lVo. 4111 Commerclul Street*
(Opposite the U. S. Branch Mint
San Franotboo Cal. 7v21-Hrn
J. & P. N. H A N N A,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
W00DBERRY JWTTON DUCK.
33, 36, 40, 42 and 45-inch Wide Duck; 8, 10, 12, and 15-
onnce Duck.
Flax. Canvas, Ravens and Drills
Roofing, Sheathing and
Boiler Felt.
Ore Bags, Tents and Hose
Made to Order.
308 and 310 DAVIS STKEET,
BAN FBANOISCO, CAL.
372
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS-
[June 5, 1875
Sales at 8. F. Stock Exchange.
wm
FRIDAY , A
255 Alpha....
365 Belcher
10 ..do b30..31
555 Bert A BeL 47®47gf
335 Bullion 52j£@50
425 Baltimore Don 5
15 Caledonia IT
EOS California 60M@6UM
150 ..do bfi0..fii
M "do b5..60)£
140 Ohollar S6®84
50 Challenge 6>5
75 Con Virginia 420@4i.'f
1410 Crown Point 33®3!
100 . do .b30..3li$
130 Daney. ..-t§o
220 Empire Mill —
5 Eclipse ;z;-£&
1190 Gould&Curry...lBJ£®17
20 ....do .b5..UM
1«0 Hale & Nor 42@4l
160 Imperial —J^C,-^
325 ..do b30..8@7&
60 Justice 105£fj!0
IbTO Julia 12H@11JS
150 ..do .bo. .12
11)0 Kentuck 15@>*
375 Knickerbocker... 4] 'ra"
250 Lady Bryan 3;
4375 Ophir v-5#%u
450 ..do b 10„S3ti
4(0 Overman '..""'"
80 Succor
375 SHill
60 Savage
230 Sierra Nevada....
ii:.'> Union
110 Yellow Jacket,..
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1050 Alps...-..--- 87Ko
25 American Flat i%
50 American Flag i'r%
310 Andes *®4J£
410 Belmont 2£®3
500 Condor \i4
100 Cornucopia :,:;<}$
2325 cosmopolitan...'. 5U(jfl4Uc
B70 Eureka Con p**^
50 El Dorado South,
1225EmpireI 4ffi8
340 Gila......... , 89SM
1150 Golden Chariot 335
300 IdaEllmore y'irjj2
150 Jackson f^SS?
2195 Jefferson 3m@?3
SSOKKOou 6@4:
300 Kossuth JiUiKz
530 Leopard 12® J I a
250 Lady-Wa^h.. 1>£
145 Meadow Valley.. ...... -J
1290 Mahogany 12@12 %
630 Mint 20@30o
100 Maryland..,
645 New York
75 Niagara 62}£o
205 Occidental .....3
turtrtd Will 1/a>2lA
404 Leo B7}ga
120 Meadow Val 7>6@7
200 Mansfield ..25c
1035 Mahogany 18(a) 16
250 Mint 35c
100 Maryland 95c
130 Niagara .65@75c
50 Orig (told Hill 2
60 Pioche 8
250 PruBflian 3@2&
700 Prospect -4H
U00 Pauper .Mm
450 Poorman 123fi@U
175 ...do .S-3Q..10&
15 Raymond* Ely 45
320 Kye Patch 2
280 S Chariot 2%
800 SOord 2&@3
615 War Eagle 3
400 "Wella-Fargo 15@20o
TUE3DAY, A. M., June 1.
..28 100'
20 NBelle
10 Orlg Gold Hill
20il Phceniz
400 Prussian
1120 Pauper 2^U.»-
1450 Poorman 9@lu 250
600 Prospect ih 350
600 .-.do b 30. .4^1500
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THtS COMPARED.
THURSDAY,* M., June 3.
Pioneer. .....••. -2
Raymond A Bly..43k[®44
S Chariot 2«liK
SOord *@37a
S California *•■■£:*
Tiger 75c
War Eagle 3!4@3«
"Wells-Fargo 20o
190 OO Hill 2®»2J4
750 Pauper k$kW,
400 Prussian 2-3a®2?&
200 Poorman.... 10>£@ll
600 Prospect 4aj4'4
60 Raymond & Ely. ...43@44
220 Rye Patch 2@l%
390 Rock Island
470 South Chariot
500 S cord
625 S California...
1300 "Wells-Fargo...
715 War Eagle t. ...
2025 Woodviue 2H&&H
SATURDAY,
350 Alpha,
205 Belcher
700 BeBt A Belcher. . -46Mi
128 Bullion ML
445 Bal Oon a:*®£%.
360 Crown Vomt,
750 California... r™-=,,
80 Challenge jw;jlg
75 Chollar Bz&SSU
50 Caledonia.....
55 Con Virginia
35 Day ton JM
360 Daney... 8,*$g8»5g
395 Eureka Oon t>7@68
50 ....do b,10Ac1?1
240 Empire Mill b%&%3.
10 Exchequer AW
705 Gould A Ourry.l8^@18i6
230 Hale A Nor *wW*
6B5 Imperial #7*
415 Julia ;;;
45 Justice IfL
125 Knickerbocker.. ixAmi%
210 Kentuck \i*MlA
150 Lady Bryan 3*@2$
85 Meadow Yalley ..i@7^
1465 Mexican 2l^@2'^
2635 Ophir VSl®g5
100 .do b 3..58>£
500 .do ba0..883f@58fc
450 Overman. „....JiO@6J
110 Raymond & Ely.. 4o@45$
lfl Ravaee v-Jy*
110 Alpha ___
165 Am Flat 4
5 Bacon 5
205 Belcher 2»
585 Beet & Belcher. . .47.
300 Baltimore Con.
520 Bullion
100 Ohollar ,
195 Grown Point...
20 do
85 Oon Virginia...
25 do
10 Confidence
10 Challenge
425 California
9) Empire Mill....
20 Eclipse •»
6 0 Gould A Curry. I83£@i8tf
1 [0 Hale * NorcroBa . . .37@38
100 Imperial 7M
20 Justice ....b 30 -.105
315 Julia 13®12
210 Kentuck W4@R%
275 Lady Bryan 3&®3M
2230 Mexican 2I@23
95 New York 2ft®*H
50 Occidental 3
285 overman 62@6*}£
1460 Ophir 56>t@58
100 Rock Island 76M
30 Senator 7*c
20 Savage. I00@W5
65 S Nevada U®1^
155 Succor 1$®1\4
100 S Hill 9
4:15 Union 7W@7^
50 ..do b30..7^
50 ..do . b5..79$
280 Utah 6
1385 Woodville 3@3>6
60 Y Jacket 76®75
AFTERNOON SESSION.
400 Alps l@75c
33? Andes 4J4®1&
200 do b5..4%
150 Belmont ...2M
100 Chief of Hill 25030c
100 Condor \%
2i» Cherry Creek Ifi
500 Cornucopia 1-1
5<0 do b 80. .1)1
1000 Cosmopolitan.. ..i0@45c
335 Eureka Oon. 65366
200 El Dorado S 1
20 Eureka.. .....5
ll.'o Empire L 3®35<
200 ....do b I0..3>£
2555 Q Chariot 4@4M
1000 ..do , b30..iM
495 Gtla 8J|@9
235 IdaEllmore 4M®?M
1050 Jackson A@llA
450 Jefferson 6J£(g}644
390KKCon 5^®5
100 Kossuth ...m
335 Leopard 12@12.Jij
100 ....do b 30.-125*
50 Lady WashinRton....l>6
30 Meadow Valley ...1
635 Mahogany .16® 5
IO11 ....do b3Q,.I5J£
3110 Mint 30o
230 Maryland I
100 NBelle .26
300 North Carson 10c
440 Orig Gold Hill 2
150 Pioche 3@2%
1000 Poorman ,vl?@?
1820 Pauper 2>£@2$(
500 ....do b 30.. 2ft
440 Prussian 3@2*
1000 Prospeot ■■.$&
80 Rye Patch 2@1«
60 Raymond & Ely 44
400 S Cord .--.3
410 S Chariot 2&(&J3
700 S California .....2
690 War Eagle 3@3H
340 Wella-Fargo 20c
Thursday, a. m„ mat a?
300 American Flag 4@4}<
lfiO Alpha @2(
330 Beet A Belcher.. 47J£@48
300 Belcher M^©?1
110 Baltimore Con 4^@5
210 Bullion 4B@49
2565 California 61@63
255 Chollar ■W@B*
75 Caledonia 16M@l!
280 Confidence 19@l9«
1015 Crown Point 33@35^
125 Con Virginia 420@43O
115 Challenge 6
15 DaytOE ; 2M
100 Daney v£»-a75
385 Gould 4Curry...l8^@19
30 Hale* NororoBB 40
60 Imperial 1&f@TH
85 Justice 105SH15
1230 Julia MgjJSi
105 Kentuck 14^@15
475 Knicker l*@K^
375 Lady Bryan
2170 Mexican
580 New York
i960 Ophir...; *l
2-0 Overman 60@6u^
240 Occidental
50 Rock Island.-.
165 Silver Hill 9J*L
40 Savage 95@>i7
300 Succor
70 Sierra Nevada
745 Union Con IV,
1410 Woodville 2M
110 Yellow Jacket
10 Savage.
190 Sierra Nevada. .
195 Silver Hill
25 ....do
55 Succor
250 Union
20 Utah
50 Yellow Jacket.
MONDAY, A. M.,
.bl0..9i*
\%
,...i%m
....5%
..19© 18
..v?
, Max 81.
40 Alpha 19
100 ..do h 10
27 BestA Bel fl#<
80 Bullion. 51©{ --
415 Baltimore Con 5@4ft
45 OonV]rgioia...427>i@425
155 Crown Point.... .32>g@33
30 ....do D10..J3M
20 Confidence.....
230 Chollar
9J0 Onlifornia
10 Caledonia
125 Daney....
580 Dayton
40 Empire Mill...
815 Gould & Curry
90 Halei Nor ..
100 Imperial
2 JO Julia M&a;
2W Knickerbocker.. 4>a@4J4
1 10 Lady Br » an , . .334
53W Mexican 24@24>*!
1L5 New York .2%
5815 Ophir 63® b
■■0 ..do fl !«..*»
SO ..do .....b 30.. 6634
50 ..do b 5.. 6.j
25 uverman 6l@62
10 ....do b 3iJ, ,6a
480 Sierra Nevada.. I0i^@l lis
35 Savage 100
1 10 Succor IJ6
460 Silver Hill 9i4@s
205 Union Cyn 7H(g»<%
50 ....do b30..1
59c Utah emu.
1270 Wo'dville 3^@9il
20 Yellow Jacket iBm.7"
AFIEEHOO^ SESSION.
1907 Andes 4^'g4J,
100 ..do b J0„4»
200 Belmont 2J£@2\'.
200 Conaor ',',"\
240 Oo nucopia l/S(g)1J'
1250 Cosmopolitan 40.
46J Eureka Con. ...t)4f®65j£
100 El Dorado S ,
570 Empire I .3^<£
1H90 tiila v-9^,;,,
10O do b 30..10'n
1505 Golden Ooariot .4J4@S*i
2620 Jaokaon..- l@l.H6
1«00 Jetfi'raon m@m
575 KKC.m 5': ..(J1..
600 K.o~suth -i'-i
30 Leopard 13
50 Leviathan 75c
WEDNESDAY a. m. June 2.
60 Alpha .'8
20 Am Flat a$£
50 ....do b 5. .4
180 Belcher 28@Htf
275 B& Belcher.... 4. Jb@47&
27S Bullion 49>a@4b
50 ..do b 30..i8J£
255 BultimoreCon...4^@5M
265 Obollar Wan9
420 Crown Point.
B5 Con Virginia.
425 California.....
650 ....do vb.5-*§J
170 ....do b 10. .61
50 Caledonia 16
100 Empire Mill -.»h
245 OouldA Curry... 18@17>£
265 Hale & Noroross 39
260 Imperial VAI3SK? '
380 Julia 12>£@U
10 Justioe
280 Knickerbocker..
20 Kentuck
50 Lady Bryan
915 Mexican 2.
375 New York.
165 Occidental
I38i Uphir
150 ..do
10 ..do b30..57&
310 Overman 64@62J^
130 Rock Island 6M@6
25 Savage...., 101
200 Sierra Nevada 11
70 SHill BftJ@*«
100 Succor r-vifl
;65 Union Con .,VA®VA
100 Utah ■■■■*%,
955 Woodville 3J<f@3%
100 ....do b5..3ift
70 Yellow Jacket 76@77
20 do b30..77>£
AFXEENOON SESSION.
250 Alps.... BT^o-ail
125 A.iierican Flag.... .2^
950 Andes 4!4@4>6
100 Belmont 2%
770 Cosmopolitan ....45@50o
500 Condor., lla®'^
50 American Flat... 3X@Sk
100 Andes 'jsaiTtiS?
180 Alpha 18^@H-?-
175 Beat 4 Belcher.. tf®47»
90 Baltimore Oon ^5}i
Belcher..
5il Bacon
440 Bullion.
25 Caledonia....
555 California....
662 Crown Point,, _.
30 Chollar Potoai.
50 Confidence.
.'48J£@47&
7AS%
1%
.19
20 Oon Virginia.. ...b 3. .421
200 Daney 87J£c@l
184 FmmreMiU....»...4>i®5
5 Eclipse .......6
245 Gould & Ourry.l7Ji@l7K
100 ....do b30..l7ft
20 Hale & Nororo8B.37«@40
130 Imperial 1^W%
2ft Justice WM\*
60 Julia 113*@12
110 Knickerbocker.... 2@2>5
100 Kentuck 14
30 KosButh ih
45 Ledy Bryan 3M
300 Lady Wash..... .1»
50 Leo *5c
400 Mint ".20c
1115 Mexican 23@^2¥
270 New York 25i@2ft
120 Occidental '..3
90 OGHill ■ ■--?
785 Ophir 60@fil
345 Overman fiS@64
151 Rock Island 6@6M
30 Silver Hilt .....8&@9
250 Succor 1H
212 Senator ..75c
20 Savage 102#
20 Sierra Nevada U5f
50 Tyler -60o
380 IJnionOon 7@7J4
50 Utah m
R85 Woodville 3?£®k>£
MO .-.do blo..3>|
30 Yellow Jacket 79
AFTKENOON SESSION.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday- from Advertisements in the Mining- and Scientific Press -and
other S. P. Journals.]
ASSESSMENTS.
Company.
STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Secretary. Place of Business.
AFTBBNOON SESSION.
600 Andes 4@.._
20 Amenoan Flag 2%
150 Alps 87c
150 Belmont. 2%r™'
1000 Cosmopolitan.. ...50(_
120 Cornucopia \H
200 Condor mm
900 EurekaCon .6T
50 El Dorado S
161 Empire 1
625 Golden Chariot.... 7- .
815 Gila *'@7
3780 Jackson. 1@1^
1330 Jefferson 4%@7
970 K K Uon 5ra7
270 Leopard 12^@123*
50 Maryland 90c
780 Mahogany IP
420 Meadow Valley.... 6%@'L
225 Orig Gold Hill 2
600 Prospect 4
1180 Poorman 8ft®i0^
100 Panther \H
100 Ray A; Ely 42J£@43
600 "War Eagle ^A<mX
100 "Webfoot 50o
2.i0 Belmont 2^@2^
1250 Cosmopolitan ....45@50o
100 Cherry Creek 1J<
300 Cornucopia l'-n
750 Condor l?S@l3k
204 EurekaCon 6l@7l
300 El Dorado S I
150 Empire, 1 2g®3
2205 (Jolden Chariot.. 4J4@4%
325 Gila. 8¥@8ft
420 IdaEllmore..: %@4
1155 Jefferson 9J4@9>£
2700 Jacksou \%@2lA
100 KKCon..-, 6
430 Leopard .12%f@13
710 Mahogany 16>i@i6}fi
150 Meadow Valley 6ft
40 Maryland 90@95o
TO Mansfield 45o
250 Niagara 60@62J£
1100 Prospect 4M
200 Poorman lu
400 Panther I'j
200 Prussian 3J4@3ft
625 Phoenix VAM\%
1120 Paoper 2¥^2-H
60 Raymond A Ely..43j\i@4*
61O Rye Patch 2
670 Silver Cord 4
100 St Patrick l'«
310 South Chariot lft
600 Tiger 62@65o
715 War Eagle 3M@3>£
Baltimore Oona M Co
Belmont M Co
Caledonia S M Oo
Chariot Mill & M Co-
Ohollar-Potosi M Co-
Empire M A M Oo
Europa M Co
Gold Mt G M Co
Hale A Norcross S M Oo
Huhn A Hunt S M Co
IdaEllmoreMOo-
Iowa M Co
Jacob Little Cons M Co
Julia G A S M Oo
Knickerbocker M Oo
Lady Rryan M Oo
Lady Washington M Oo>
Leviathan M Co
Mint G A S M Co
Nevada Land A M Co,
New YorkOons M Go
New York MOo-
Niegara fl A S M Co
Ophir S M Co
Pfocbe S MOo
Ravmond A Ely M Co
Rock Island GiSMOo
Savage M Co
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Silver Cord MOo
Yellow Jacket S M Oo
Location. No. Amt. Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale,
1 00 April 12 May 19
1 00 May 10 June 14
3 00 May 10 June 12
25 April 17 May 22
5 00 April 14
1 00 May 28
12
18
The Mining Stock Market
100 Eureki
3i>0 El Dorado South I
495 Empire 1 3>f§)3
Hi Gila 8*&@tffi
1765 G Chariot ixAig)i%
50 ...do b 30- AlA
400 Ida EUmore 1@3£
390 Jefferson 6Mf0riM
1263 J ackson \%®m
45 KKCon 5,'i@5y
150 tossuth lM
10 Li'opird - 2H
50 Leo 75--
5 M«auow Valley 7
100 Mansfield 50c
9i»0 Mint 30u
1025 Mahogany 1534'0l6*£
•M ....do b 30.-16%
110 Maryland aOigWo
310 Niagara 62^@50o
H)00 NOareon 10o
"Waahoe
Nye Oo Nevada
Waahoe
San Diego Oo Oal
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe 3
Bear Valley Oal 5
Washoe 46
Ely District 11
Idaho 17
Washoe 3
Washoe 1
Waahoe 22
Washoe 12
Washae 7
Washoe 3
Washoe 1
Waahoe 10
Elko^oNev 17
Washoe 13
Washoe 4
Washoe 1
Washoe 29
Ely District 9
Pioche 4
Washoe 8
Washoe 8
Washoe 41
Idaho 9
Washoe 20
25
May 18
July 2
May 20
June 5
May 18
June 15
June 4
June 14
June 10
June 15
May 29
June 10
_*ay 1
5 00 April 13
50 May 7
1 00 April 29
10 May 13
JO May 31
2 00 May 12
1 50 April 27
1 00 May 10 . _
50 AprilH May 21
50 May 29 July 6
20 May 12
90 May 14
1 00 April 22
1 00 April 22
50 April 18
2 00 May 14
1 00 May 3
5 00 April I
. 1 00 May 19
5 00 April 27
1 00 May 3
1 00 April 24
5 00 April 7
June 18
June 19
May 25
May 25
May 19
June 17
June 10
May 10
June 21
May 31
June 5
May 31
May 11
June 7
July 6
Julyl
Jnne 14
June 8
July 21
JuneS
Julyl
June 9
July 9
June 25
July?
July 20
July3
June IS
June 29
June 8
July 28
July 9
JulyS
June 12
June 12
June 8
JulyS
Julyl
June 5
July 12
June 19
June 24
June 21
June 11
C A Sankey
O H Bogart
R Wegener
F Swift
W E Dean
W E Dean
R B Noyea
J P Oavallier
J P Ughtner
T L Kimball
O B Higgins
A D Carpenter
W R Townsend
A Noel
J H Sayre
V Swift
H C Klbbe
F E Luty
D A Jennings
Wm H Watson
H O Kibbe
H 0 KihbB
W R Townsend
J Mirks
O E Elliott
J W Oolburn
J W (Hark
E B Holmes
K Wegener
O B Hiegins
G W Hopkins
331 Montgomery efc
402 Montgomery et
414 California st
419 California st
419 California st
419 Onlifornia st
419 California st
513 California at
438 California at
409 California st
402 Montgomery st
605 Olay at
330 Pine st
419 California st
Stevenson's Bldg
419 California st
419 California st
507 Montgomery st
401 California st
302 Montgomery st
419 California st
419 California st
330 Pine st
419 California st
419 California at
418 California st
418 California st
419 California st
414 California st
402 Montgomery st
Gold Hill Nevada
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Alhambra Q M Oo Sonoma Co Oal I
Benjamin M A M Co Lyon Co Nevada 2
Champion Cone M & S Co Nevada 1
Cherokee Flat Blue Gravel M Co Cal 34
Chrysopolis G A S M Co Washoe 10
Coe G M Oo Grass Valley Cal 1
Combination G A S M Oo Inyo Co Oal fi
Cherry Creek M & M Co Nev 3
Cordillera G A S M Oo Mexico
El Dorado Slate Oo n^rn Oal 2
Emnire A Middleton OonB Q M Oo Cal 1
Enterprise Oons M Oo Calaveras Oo Cal 3
Eqaitable Tunnel A M Co ,_,_ Utah 10
Florence M Co Humboldt Oo Cal
5 May. 10
Nevada
■ Utah
Idaho
Oal
Oal
Cal
Sonoma Oo Cat
Washoe
Utah
Mining stocks continue in a depressed con-
dition, few sales being nuade, at low prices. The
fluctuations either one way or the other are
very slight, even Ophir remaining stationary.
The dividends which come on in a few days
may make some little difference in the market,
but this is not felt as yet. Nothing of any im-
portance from the usual routine is announced
from the Comstock, with the exception of the
not unexpected improvement in the California
mine, developed by cross-cuts at the northern
portion of the mine. This new development
of the extent of the great bonanza northward
of course adds greatly to the ascertained value
of the California mine. These oross-cats have
been made at intervals of 100 feet, and two
more will carry this system of development to
the Ophir line.
Just at this time, when there is so little to do
in stocks, the new Board is starting in business
and the old Board is going to put up a large
new building of its own. At a private .session
of the San Francisco Board of Brokers (the
Big Board) held this week, it was resolved to
increase the number of seats to 100 and to sell
the twenty seats at $25,000 eaoh.. The pur-
chase of the property on Pine street, south
side, on the corner of the alley in the rear of
McCreary's building, was completed.' The lot
has a frontage of 77^ *eefc on Pine street, with
a depth of 137% feet. It is understood that a
building will be erected as soon as possible,
with all the improvements and convenienoeB
necessary for the transaction of business. The
Board now has about $150,000 in the treasury,
which, with tbe $500 000 to be received from
the sale of the seats, will not only give them
ample funds for building purposes, but leave
them a handsome cash capital besides. The
erection of this stock mart on the south side of
Pine street, and the Stock Exchange on the
north side, running through to Montgomery,
will render Pine street the center of the stock
dealing community, wbile California street will
coutioue to be the money center and the home
of the banks, insurance companies and large
moneyed institution's. .
The formal opening of the new Pacific Stock
Exchange will take place on the 7th inst. The
following officers have been elected: Chairman,
Joseph Tilden; Assistant Secretary, William
T. Atwood; Roll -Keeper, Frank L. Unger; Ser-
geant-at-Arms, John Minturn. The salary of
the Chairman was fixed at $400 per month.
No short-baud reporter will bo appointed.
At the Utah mine, on tbe Comstock, the
erection of the new and powerful pumping ma-
chinery is steadily advancing^ all the men that
can be worked to any advantage whatever being
employed.
Geneva Cons S M Co
Golden Gate M Co
Illinois Oebrral M Oo
Lake Oo Quicksilver M Co
Mariposa L & M Oo
Martin & Walling M A M^Co
Missouri Q M Co
Monumental M Oo
Minnie Tunnel & M Oo
North Carson S M Co ■
Northerly Five-Cent Hill M Co
NewYorkConsMCo . m'
North Bloomfield Gravel M Co
Omega Table Mt M Oo
Orleans MOo
Orleans MOo
Pioneer Oons M Co
Red Jacket MOo
Rocky Bar M Co
Scorpion S M Co
Silver Central Cons M Co
Silver Sprout M Co
South Overman S M Co
St, Helena GAS MOo
StPaulGASMCo
Starr King S M Co Elko Co Nevada
Umpire Tunnel A M Oo _ Utah 4
Union Gravel M Oo Nevada Co Oal 10
Virginia Cons M Co Inyo Co Oal
WeavervillB D & H M Oo Cal 6
Wm Peun Cons O A S M Co Washoe 3
Cal 2
Washoe 13
Oal 37
Oal 5
Grass Valley Cal 5
Qrasi Valley Oal 4
Eureka Nev 3
Idnho 7
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe 1
Oal
Washoe 2
Napa Co Oal I
Napa Oo OaJ 1
Wyoming G M Co
Zacatero G M Co
Nevada Co Oal
Calaveras CcCal
I 00 May 7
5 April 23
10 May 7
50 April 23
10 April 22
25 May 18
10 MayS
25 April 26
10 April 17
10 May 24
, 2S May 12
10 Ma y 15
25 May 13
5 April 28
75 May 21
10 May 10
1 00 Mar 10
50 April 24
25 April 16
25 April 17
5 ADril 28
25 May 12
21 May 31
1 00 April 22
1 00 April 14
1# April 30
2 00 May 30
1 00 April 27
10 May 18
SO May 21
10 April 22
25 May 26
5 May 10
6 Feb 17
50 May 11
20 April 17
10 April 17
25 May 21
5 May 20
I 00 May 8
10 April 21
1 00 May 4
6 May 19
35 Mayll
10 April 27
June 10
May 22
July 6
May 29
June 10
May 26
May 27
June 21
June 18
May 27
May 28
June 30
June IS
June 10
June 14
June I
June 21
June 18
Nay 13
May 25
May 17
May 19
June 1
Jnne 16
July 3
May 21
May 12
June 5
July 6
June 1
June 23
June 25
May 27
June 30
June 15
April 17
June 12
May 20
May 20
June 26
Julyl
June 14
June 1
June 7
Jnne 28
June 12
JuneS
June 16
June 14
July 24
June 19
June 29
June 16
June 18
July 15
July 3
June 11
June 17
Julv 17
July 7
July 7
June 30
June 22
July 12
July 5
June?
June 15
June 7
June 8
June 22
July 7
July 19
June 12
June 6
June 28
July 28
June 22
July 13
July 16
June 17
July-21
July 6
June 17
June 29
June 10
June 10
July 17
Aug 2
July 6
June 28
July 7
July 20
June 30
June 24
R Von Pflster
L Leavitt
J M Bufflngton
O H Bogart
A Noel
A Treadwell
B Wilder
D F Verdenal
Henry R Reed
Hugh Elias
J G Kiley
F J Hermann
C S Healy
J E Dclevan
J T Milliken
H B Oongdon
R H Brown
Andrew Baird
L Leavitt
B F Hickox
F H Rogers
W R Townsend
H B Oongdon
Nathan Heigh
J M Bnffington
H O Kibbe
Thos Derby
D Wilder
G P Thurston
Geo P Thurston
C S Neal
Wm Willis
J P Oavallier
G R Spinney
L Hermann
T B Wingard
D Wilder
R Von PBster
R Von Pfister
L Kanlan
Wm Small
T Derby
T B Wingard
F H Rogers
J F Pope
J M Bnffington
L Hermann
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
311 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 California St
531 California st
Merchants' Ex
409 California st
321 Washington st
416 Montgomery et
432 Montgomery st
418 Kearny st
Merchants' Ex
220 Montgomery st
302 Montgomery st
Merchants' Ex
402 Montgomery st
31fi California st
401 California st
408 California st
330 Pine st
330 Pine st
Mcrcbant9'Ex
416 California Bt
311 California st
419 California st
320 California st
Merchants' Ex
315 California st
315 Onlifornia st
419 California st
4i9 California at
513 Oa'iforDia at
320 California st
330 Pine st
318 California «t
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
Merohants' Ex
531 California st
320 California st
318 California st
330 Pine st
421 Montgomery st
311 California st
Merchants' Ex
Name of. Co.
Brooks G M Co
Crown Point G A S M Co
Gover M Oo
Lady Bryan M< Oo
MEETINGS
Location. Secretary.
TO
Washoe J T Milliken
Washoe C E Elliott
W O Wilson
Washoe Called by Trustees
Idrtho Called by Trustees
Mammoth S M Oo White Pine Co Nev D A Jennings
Mineral Fork ft ft S Co Utah R BNoyes
Miser's Dream S M Oo . W F R ^ohindler
Monumental M Oo tj . WR Townsend
Fauper M Oo Idaho Called by Trustees*
Ronton Goal Co Washington Ter S A Sanderson
Silver Hill M Co Wasbpe WED'an
Wheeler M Oo Nevada J Campbell
BE HELD.
Office in S- F.
302 Montgomery et
419 California st
402 Front Bt
419 California st
402Mont'gyst
401 California st
419 California et
535 California et
330 Pine st
402 Mont'gy st.
424 Montgomery st
419 California at
232 California Bt
Meeting1.
Annual
Animal
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Annnal
Annual
Date.
June 15
June 7
June 9
JuneS
July 1
June 7
June 7
May 31
JuneS
Julyl
June 7
May 31
June 1
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Oo.
Belcher M. Oo.
Black Bear Quartz
Chariot M ft M Co
Cons Virginia M Oo
Croivn Point M Co
Diana M. Oo.
Empire M Co
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Excelsior M ft M Oo
Jefferson S M Co
Manhattan S M Co *
Rye Patch M Oo ___
Location. Secretary.
Washoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Oal Frank Swift
Washoe Charles H Fish
Washoe O E Elliott
N. C. Fasset.
Cal D A Jennings
Nev WWTraylor
Frank Swift
O A Sankey
Nevada - Ohos S Neal
Nevada DF Verdenal
Office in S. F.
419 California st
4)9 California st
401 California st
414 Oalif ornia st
220 Ulay st.
401 California st
419 California st
419 California Bt
331 Montgomery st
419 California st
409 California st
Amount.
3 00
25
40
10 00
2 00
1 00
50
1 00
100
so
Payable.
Jan U
May 18
Nov 16
May 12
Jan 12
Jan. 25
May 15
Junel
April 10
May 15
May 15
Mar 5
METALS.
[WHOLKHALE.l
Wednesday m., Jnne 2, 1875.
. 46 00
American Pig Iron, Q ton
Scotoh Pig Iron,?* ton
White Pig, 9 ton
Oregon Pig.3* ton....r .- — ■i"-
Refined Bar, bad MBortment, wnj. .
Refined Bar, good assortment, V m .
Boiler, No. I to 4 ■
Plate, No. 5 to 9..
Sheet. No. 10 to 14
Bheet, No. 16 to 20
Sheet, No. 22 to 24
Sheet, No. 26 to 2B
Horse Shoes, per keg
Nail Rod
Norway Iron
Other Irons for Blaoksmitha, Miners, etc.
OOPPKB.—
Braziers* *
Copper Ttn'd ■
O'Niel'sPat
Sheathing, J* lb '
Sheathing, Yellow,.
Sheathing, Old Yellow...
Composition Naila
Composition Bolts. ■•-■■-
Steel.— English Oast, ^ lb
Anderson & Woods' Amenoan Cost.
Drill •
Flat Bar
Plow Steel
Tib Plateb.— .„ _. ,
10x14 I O Charcoal 12 tTO i
10x14 I X Charcoal »00 U 14 50
Roofing Plato I O Charcoal U 00 ®UM
Bauca Tin - ■£ @~SA
Australian
ZiMO....By the Cask... ........... .
Zinc, Sneet1x3ft No 7 to 10 ^lb
do do 7x3 ft, No 11 to 14
do do 8x4 ft, No 8 to 10
d0 do 8X1 fl, NO 11 tO 10 ;=; --
Nails Assorted sizes 4 25 m 8 70
I Quicksilver., per lb w — (a* — iu
Sacramento, May 29th, 1875.
Messrs. Dewey & Co.— Gentlemen.-
Yours of the 27th Inst, is received. The patent came
duly to hand yesterday, by express. FleaBe accept
thanks for your promptness in obtaining the Bame.
Very respectfully, Dttncah Beaumont.
LEATHER.
r WHOLESALE. 1
Wednesday m., June 2, 1875.
City Tanned Leather, ^ It... 266329
Santa Cruz Leather, & lb „ 26@28
Country Leather, ^Q» 2i@9
Stockton Leather, 9 lb 25® ft
Jodot, 8 Kil., perdoz *50 00@ 54 Ou
Jodot.ll to 13 Kil., perdoz 68 00(8) 79 Oo
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., perdoz 82 00@94 "0
Jodot, seoond choice. 11 to 16 Kil, ^ doz 57 00(2) 74 0n
Oornellian, 12 tolSKo 57 00@ 67 0«
OornelUan Females, 12 to 13 63 (WW 67 OP
CornellloB Females, 14 to- 16 Kil 71 00® 76 50
Simon Ullmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 00@ 63 ifl
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15. Kil 70 00® 72 00
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00i*75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,$doz 61 00@ 63 <K)
Simon, 20 Kil. « doz 65 00© 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. $ doz 72 00® 74 00
Robert Calf, 7 and a Kil 35 00® 40 00
H'rencb KipB, 9 lb 1 00a I 15
California Kip, $ doz 40 00® i f K)
French Sheep, all colors. $ doz 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Calf for Backs, & lb 100® 125
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, $ doz. ... 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, 3) doz 5 50<g 10 SO
California Russett Sheep Linings.. ., 1 75® 4 50
Best Jodot Oal f Boot Legs, 9 pair 5 00® 5 25
Good Frenoh Calf Boot Lege. * pair 4 00® 4 75
French Calf Boot Legs, "# pair 4 00@ —
Harness Leather, $ n> 30® 37
Fair Bridle Leather.?* doz 48 00a 73 —
Skirting Leather, ft fi) 33® 37.H
Welt Leather, 9 doz 30 noa 50 00
Buff Leather, "B foot 17® %
Wax Side Leather, H foot 17© (T
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Charles Sutbo & Oo.]
Bah Francisco, June 2, 3 P. M.
Legal Tenders in S. P., 11a m., 86-Jf to 87J4-
Gou) in ST. Y.. 1.16H-
Gold Bars, 890. Silver Bars, 4 and V:± per cent- dis-
count.
Exchange on N. Y., % per cent, premium for gold;
Mpx'can Dollars. 1 nod 2 per cent, discount.
Exchange on N. Y., % Per cent. pr> mium for gold;' on
London bankers, 4:>; (Jommtrcial, 4H!^; Paris, five lranci
pt-r dollar; Mexican dollars, one and two per cent, dis-
count.
London — Consols, 94>fi to 91.^ ; Bonds. 102K
Quicksilver in S. F-. by the flask, per lb, 65c@70g.
June 5, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
373
atents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of D. 8. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Frnou Omoui Rkfortm fob trs Miswo akd Bonn
TtFIO PJUEM, DEWEY ft 00., PdhUhhui AKD
U. 8. AXD Foukiqm Fatsitt AOKNT*.]
By Special Dispatch, Dated Waahlnff-ton,
D. O.. Jane 1st, 1876.
Fob "Wkk* Endino Mat 18th, 1875."
Machine fob Rkmovino Broken Brills from
Holes. — John W. Piatt, Mineral City,
Nevada.
8abh Balance.— John J. Pbici, S. F., Cal.
Wave Power Machine. — Charles Bnckner, Jr.
8. F., Cal.
Water Valve. — Anthony Cbabot (two cases),
S. F., Cal.
Train Teleobaph.— Alban N. Towne, 9. F.,
Cal.
Trade-Mark.
Fob Medicine. — Yerba Baena Bitters Com-
pany, S. F., Cal.
■The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office until some 14 days after the date of Issue.
Note. — Copies of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dkwkt ft Co.. In the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast Inventors transacted with
perfect security and In the shortest possible time.
General News Items.
The Committee of the New York Board of
Trade on postal affairs having received informa-
tion from a large number of merchants in New
York that the poBtal expenses on newspapers
and letters tinder the new law have doubled,
will Boon confer with Postmaster General
Jewell and the Postmaster of New York upon
themeasmes necessary for the repeal of the
obnoxious law.
A tebbible calamity occurred at Holyoke,
Mass., laat Thursday evening. The Catholic
church took fire during service, and 75 men,
women and children were killed, either, burned
to death or trampled under foot by those who
escaped from the building.
The total value of imports of silk manufac-
ture at New York in May was $1,315,039.
During the same time 1,062 packages of raw
Bilk were received, of which 856 were via Pan-
ama, 20 via overland routes, and 186 from Eu-
rope.
The express office of Wells, Fargo & Co., at
Quincy, Plumas county, was entered on Mon-
day night by parties unknown. The safe was
taken irom the office, out open, and robbed of
$2,600 in coin and treasure.
They have an immigration bureau in Kern
county.
Gen. Coey has been presented with a gold
medal.
All the available exhibiting tyaoe was applied for
several weeks before the day of opening, and the Man-
agers were compelled to deny admission to many de-
sirable exhibits.
The Board of Managers desire particularly that the
arts, the Industries and natural products of the coun-
try should be well represented at the forthcoming ex-
hlbltlon, and no pains will be spared to make these
classes of exhibits a special feature there.
The Exhibition will be held In the building con.
structed for that purpose In 1874, but It will be ma-
terially enlarged and inapswred In many details for the
Exhibition of 1U76.
The space uuder roof wA oav*ed 180,000 square feet,
or about four and a half acres, exclusive of the Horti-
cultural Qardeu, which will occupy 24,600 square feet
additional.
The location of the Exhibition Standing, on Eighth
street, between Market and Mission streets, cannot be
surpassed for convenience and accessibility, and can be
approached from every part of the city by means of the
various lines of street railroads, any of which bring
vixttora within two blocks of the entrance gate.
The utmost care has been exercised In providing for
ample ventilation and light, and during the evening the
building Is brilliantly illuminated by over 6,0CU gas
lights.
The promenade avenues are broad, and 3.000 seats
are provided for the comfort of visitors', for whose con-
venience there Is alfo an excellent restaurant, under
the management of a OrHt-class restaurateur.
Every afternoon and evening the best orchestra the
city can supply will discourse exoellent music under
the direction of an accomplished leader.
The building is always well attended by visitors, and
during the last Exhibition over 29,000 were daily ad
mitted lor a number of days, and under no similar cir
cumstanceB can the manufacturer, the mechanic, the
Inventor, producer or business man so advantageously
place himself before the people of the Pacific Coast.
Persons desiring to obtain information, or to make
application for space, should address "Managers of
Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Francisco, Califor-
nia," or make personal application as below.
It is expected that the various transportation com-
panies will convey goods intended In good faith for
exhibition, at half the usual rates.
Exhibitors from abroad, if they have no agent or
consignee in San Francisco, can consign goods and
mark the same to the "Manager of the Tenth Indus-
trial Exhibition, 17 Post street, San Francisco," and
they will be stored, if they arrive before the day of
opening, free of expense; but no charges or expenses
for freight or forwarding, etc., will be paid by the
,-anagera.
In order to secure space, application should be made
on or before July 20th, 1875.
Blanks will be furnished on application.
Premiums will be awarded as follows, viz: 16 gold
medals, 60 silver medals, Society Diplomas, Certificate**
of Merit and Special Premiums, as the Board may deter-
mine.
Blanks for space can be obtained at the Mechanics'
Institute on application by letter or otherwise; and any
information will be given, by applying to any member
of the Board of Managers, sb below:
A. 8. Haludie 113 Pine street-
James O. Patrick 122 Battery street-
Hknry L. Davis 421 California street-
D. E. Hayes 213 Fremont street.
Asa ft. Wbixs Mechanics' Mill.
P. B. Cornwall Cor. Spear & Harrison streets.
Ohas. Elliot 516 Call lorn) a street.
•fiEORQE Spaoudino ! 414 Olay street
Richard Savage 130 Fremont street.
W. P. Stout 604 Merchant street.
J. H. Macdon ald . . . . ;.217 Spear street.
J. P. Cuetis 320 Jackson street
H. B. Woodward Woodward'B Gardens.
James Sfiebs 311 Howard Btreec.
To the Librarian of the Mechanics' Institute, or to
J. H. CULVER, Secretary, 27 Poet street, San Fran-
cisco.
Rales and Regulations of the Tenth
Industrial Exhibition, Mechanics'
Institute, S. P., 1875.
UNITED STATES
Mineral Land Laws, Revised Statutes,
And Instructions and Forma Under the
Same.
We have Just Issued a pamphlet containing the gen
eral mineral land laws of the United States, with in.*
etructlons of the Commissioner of the Land Office.
The contents of this pamphlet comprise all of the Gov*
ernment laws with relation to mineral lands of inter-
est to the mining community, as follows: Mining
Statute of May 10th, 1872, with Instructions by the
Commissioner of the Land Office; Mining; Statute of
July 26th, 1866; Mining Statute of July 9th, 1870
Forma required under Mining Act of May 10th, 1872, aa
follows: Notice of Location; Bequest for Survey; Ap-
plication for Patent; Proof of Posting Notice and Dia-
gram of the Claim; Proof that Plat and Notice remained
Posted on Claim during Time of Publication; Regis-
ters' Certificate- of Posting Notice for Sixty Days*; Agree-
ment of Publisher; Proof of Publication; Affidavit of
$500 Improvements; Statement and Charge of Fees;
Proof of Ownership and Possession in Case of Loss or
absence of Mining Records; Affidavit of Citizenship;
Certificate that no Suit is Pending; Power of Attorney:
Protest and Adverse Claim; '.Non-Mineral Affidavit;
Proof that no Known Veins Exist in a Placer Claim,
etc. There is also given the U.S.' Goal Land Law and
Regulations thereunder. The work comprises thirty
pages, and will be sold, post-free, for 50 cents. It
should be in the hands of every one having
any mining Interests. DEWEY St CO.,
Publishers of Mining axd Sctentifio Press, 3. F.
N. B.—We have also added to the above publication,
the Revised Statutes of the United States, so for 08
relates to Mining Laws.
(rfipipg and Other Copipapie$.
Thk huge, drastic, griping, sickening pills,
constructed of crude, coarse and bulky in-
gredients, are fast being superseded by Dr.
Pierce's Pleasant Purgative Pellets, or Sugar-
Coated Concentrated Boot and Herbal Juice,
Anti:Biliou8 Granules — the "Little Giant'*
Cathartic or Multum in Parvo Physic. Modern
Chemical Science enables Dr. Pierce to extract
from ihe jnices of the most valuable roots and
herbs their ac ive medicinal principles, which,
when worked into little Pellets or Granules,
scarcely larger than mustard seed, rendere each
little Pellet as active aod powerful as a large
pill, while they are much more palatable and
pleasant in effect.
Db. Iba A. Thateb, of Baconsburg, Ohio,
writes: "I regard your Pellets as the best rem-
edy for the conditions for which you prescribe
them of anything I have ever used, so mild
and certain in effect, and leaving the boWels in
an excellent condition. It seems to me they
mast take the place of all other cathartic pills
and medicines."
Lyon & Macombeb, druggists, Vermillion,
D. T., say: "We think they are going to sell
like hot cakes as soon as people get acquainted
with them, and will spoil the pill trade, as those
that have used them like them much better
than large pills."
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company. Location of principal place of business,
San Francisco, Cal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 1st day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Burke, T 33
Burke, T 34
Burke, T 35
Hendy, Joshua 84
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 73
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 78
Reardon, John ..80
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 1st day of April, 1875,
so many abases of each parcel of said stock as may be
necessary, will be sold at public auction, at the office
of the company, 408 California street, room 16, on the
18th day of May, 1875, at the hour of 1 o'clock p. u.,
of said day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, Room 16, No. 408 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above sale is postponed
until Tuesday, the 15th day of June, 1875, at 2 o'clock
p. -m. By order of the Board of Directors.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
100
$ 50 00
60
25 00
SO
25 00
70
35 00
24,550
12,275 00
2,116
1,058 00
50
.25 00
Names. No. Certificate. No. Snares. Amount.
Gibbons, OP 107
Hudgln.JohnD 11
Hudgln.JohnD 12
Hudgln.JohnD 13
Hudgln.JohnD 14
HudxlD> John D 16
Hudgln.JohnD 16
Hudgln.JohnD 17
Hudgln.JohnD 18
Hudgln.JohnD 19
Hudgln.JohnD 20
HudRin.JohuD J
Hudgfn, •*' hn D 67
Hudgln.JohnD 68'
Hudgin. John D 70
Hudgln.JohnD 71
Hudgln.JohnD 7*
Hudgln.JohnD 75
Hudgin, John D 77
Hudgln.JohnD 78
Hudain, John D 79
Hudgln.JohnD. 80
Hudgln.JohnD 81
Hudgln.JohnD 82
Hudgln.JohnD 83
Hudgin, John D 84
Morgan, John 9 43
Morgan, John 8 49
Morgan, John S 57
Morgan, John S 68
Spencer. A G 62
Tripp. J W 92
Tripp, J W 94
Tripp, J w 95
Tripp, J W 101
Williams, Robt F. 7
Williams, Robt F 22
Williams, Robt F 23
Williams, Robt F 24
Williams, Robt F 26
Williams. RobtF 26
Williams, Robt F 28
Williams. Robt F 29
Williams, Robt F 30
Williams, Robt F 81
Williams. Robt F 92
Williams. Robt F 33
Williams, Rcbt F , 84
Willioma, Robt F 35
WilliamB, Robt F 36
Williams, Robt F 37
Williams, Robt F 38
WilliamB, Robt F 89
Williams, RobtF 40
Williams, Robt F 41
Whalen, John 59
Wbalen, John 60
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 24th day of April,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company,408Californiastre3t,rooml6, Han
Francisco, Cal. .on the 15th day of June, 1875, at the
hour of two o'clock p. m.. of said day , to pay said d :lin-
quent assessment thereon, together with coat of adver-
tising and expenses of sale.
B.F. HICKOX, Sec'y.
Office, No, 408 California street, room 16, San Fran-
cisco, California.
Tenth Industrial Exhibition of the
Mechanics' Institute,
S. F., 1875.
PRELIMINARY "ANNOUNCEMENT.
The Board of Managers of the Tenth Industrial Ex-
hibition- have the pleasure of announcing that an
Industrial Exhibition will beheld, under the auspices
of the Mechanics' Institute, in- the city of San Francisco,
to be opened on Tuesday, the 17th of AuguBt, 1875, at
11 a. m., and to continue open at least one month
thereafter.
In making this publje announcement, the Managers
desire that those who intend to exhibit should Bend in
their applications for Bpace as early as possible, so as
to avoid the necessity of excluding, as has been the
case heretofore, the many desirable exhibitors who are
unusually tardy in making applications.
The forthcoming Industrial Exhibition will be the
tenth held under the auBpices of the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, and the Managers are justified in saying that it
will undoubtedly surpass in completeness of detail
and general arrangement any heretofore held.
The last Exhibition was attended by 700,000 visitors,
attracted hither by the fame of these Industrial Fairs,
and for the purpose of investigation, business and
pleasure. ;
1. The Pavilion will be open for the reception of
goods on Monday, August 2d. The exhibition will be
open to the public on Tuesday, August 17th, at II
o'clock A. M.
2. Applications for space must be mads on or before
July 20thPstating character of exhibit, amount and
kind of space required — wall, table or floor. And, if
cases, state length, width and bight of case. Blanks
will be furnished for this purpose, and a clerk will be
In attendance at the Library of the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, every day from 12 to 1, and 7 to 10 p. M.
3. All persons presenting articles for exhibition
must have them registered by the Receiving Clerk, who
will give a receipt for the same, which receipt mnst be
presented when the articles are withdrawn, at the close
of the Exhibition.
4. Judges will be appointed by the Board of Mana-
gers, Immediately upon the opening of the Exhibition,
to examine all articles presented, in accordance with
Article III, and the Managers will award premiums on
such articles as the judges shall declare are worthy,
which will be delivered as soon as tbey can be pre-
pared. Due notice will be given of the announcement
of premiums.
5. The morningB of each day, until 10 o'clock, will
be appropriated to the Judges, and no visitors will be
admitted during the time thus appropriated, except at
the special request of the Judges, or by permission of
the Managers.
6. Articles Intended for Bale may be labeled accord-
ingly, but cannot be removed until the close of the
Exhibition, except by written permission of the Mana-
gers.
7. Steam power will be provided, sb that machinery
of all kinds may be seen in actual operation, and every
facility possible will be given to exhibit working ma-
chinery to the best advantage.
8. The name of every article must be attached by the
exhibitor to it.
9. Articles intended for exhibition must be entered
and placed on exhibition on or before Saturday,
August 21st.
10. Perishable articles will be received, or may be
removed at any time during the exhibition, with the
content of the Managers.
11. The most effectual means will be taken, through-
the agency of the Police and otherwise, to guard and
protect the property on exhibition; and it will be the
purpoBe of the managers that all articles shall be re-
turned to the owners without Iosb or Injury. Still, all
articles depoBlted will be at the risk op the owners.
12. In case of any misunderstanding, application
may be made to the Managers, who will at all times be
in attendance.
13. The Managers are desirous that articles should
be presented early. Those from abroad, intended for
exhibition, should be properly packed, and if not con-
signed to exhibitor's agent, must be marked, " Mana-
gers of Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Fbancisco,
Cal." All articles thus received, arriving too early,
will be stored free of cost to the exhibitor, and the
Managers will have them duly placed In proper position
for exhibition. No freight charges will be paid by the
Managers; but exhibitors ore notified that arrange-
ments are being made with various transportation com-
eanies to repay freight charges on evidence of goods
pxhibited.
Information will be furnished by addressing Man-
agers of Tenth Ihdubtrxax. Exhibition, Ban Fran-
oiso, Cal.
Carbon Coal Company — Location of Prin-
cipal place of business, San Francisco, Cal.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on the
first day of May, 1876, the several amounts set opposite
the names of the respective shareholders as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
J W Barker Unissued 100 $126 00
A P Brayton, Jr. Unissued 100 126 00
J Martenstein & Co.. Unissued 100 126 00
L A Booth Unissued 100 126 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the first day of May, 1875,
so many shores of each parcel of said stock as may
be necessary, will be Bold at public auction, at the
office of the Secretary, No. 220 Clay street, San Fran-
cisco, on the fourteenth day of June, 1875, at the hour
of one o'clock p. u., of eaid day, to pay said delinquent
assessment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
N. C. FA88ETT, Secretary.
Office — No. 220 Clay street, San Francisco, California.
Cordillera Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pany. Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, Cal. Location of works, Morelas Mining
District, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of tbc Board of
Directors, held on the 8th instant, an assessment of Ten
cents per share was levied upon the capital stock of the
corpora" ion, payable immediately, in United States gold
coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the company. No.
221 Washington street, San Francisco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this awseasment shall remain un-
paid on ibe 18th day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised Tor sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the 3d day of
July, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale. By order of the
Board of Directors.
HENRY R. REED, Secretary.
Office, No. 321 "Washington street. San Krancisco. Cal.
100
60 00
60
26 00
100
60 00
100
60 00
100
60 00
100
St) 00
100
60 00
100
SO 00
100
60 00
100
50 00
100
611 10
ion
60 00
is
12 60
26
12 60
■a
12 60
25
12 60
35
12 60
25
12 50
60
25 00
so
25 00
60
26 00
60
25 00
50
25 00
100
60 00
mo
60 00
100
60 00
50
26 00
loo
50 00
2000
1000 00
126
62 50
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
60 00
100
60 00
2000
1000 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
60 00
100
50 00
100
60 00
100
50 00
100
60 I II
100
60 00
100
50 00
200
100 00
200
100 00
200
100 00
200
100 00
200
100 00
200
100 00
200
100 oo
200
100 00
200
100 00
200
ioo oo
60
25 00
100
60 00
Nevada Land and Mining Company—
Location of principal place of business, Sau Francisco,
California. Location of works, Spruce Mountain Min-
ing District, Elko County, State of Nevada.
Notice is hereby given, thatat a meeting ot the Board of
Directors, held on the 11th day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 17) of Two cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
iu United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Rooms 5 and t>, No. 302 Montgomery street,
San Francisco, Cal.
Any stuck upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Saturday, the 19th uay of June, 1875, will be
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auction,
and- unless payment is made before, will be sold on
Saturday, the 6th day of July, 1875, to pay the delinquent
assessment, together with costs of advertising and ex-
penses of sale. By order of the Board of Directors.
WM. H. WATSON. Secretary.
Office. Rooms 5 and 6rNo. 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco, Cal.
Orleans Mining Company— Location of
Principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location of works. Grass Valley Mining District, Grass
Valley, Nevada County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said company, held on the 31st day of May,
1875, an assessment, No. 5, of two dollars per share was
levied upon the capital stock of said company, uayable
immediaiely.in gold coin of the United State* of America,
to the Secretary, at the office of the company, room 8,
No. 315 California street, S.in Francisco, California.
Any stock opon which s;iid assessment shall remain un-
paid on the in h day of July, 1875, will be advertised on
tbatdsy as delinqueut. and unles-t payment what! be made
before, will be sold on the 28th day ol July, 1875. to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale.
GEO. P. THURSTON, Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 California street. San Francisco,
California.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
S any. —Principal place of business, City and County of
an Francisco, State of California. Location of work-.
Cherry Creek Mining District, White Pine Conoty, State
of Nevada.
Noiioe is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Director*, held on the 13th day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty-five cents per share was levied upon the
capital stuck of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
I Montgomery street, Sai
\J UIICU UWWO KviU VU1U, ■
of the Company. Room 14,
Francisco.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 14th day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auotiou, and unless payment
is made beforo, will be sold on Wednesday, the 30th day of
June, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of Bale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office, Room 14,302 Montgomery street, San Francisco
Cal.
Martin & Walling Mill and Mining Com:
pony. Location of principal place of business, Sau
Francisco, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 21th day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No, Shares. Amount.
Bishop, Edgar 62 100 50 00
Cox, AP 4? 60 25 00
Cooper, Mrs Mary E 10 50 25 00
Flannlgan, Martin 110 75 87 60
Flannlgan, Martin Ill 100 50 00
Flannlgan, Martin 112 100 60 00
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco,
State of California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the seventeenth day of February, 1875, the several
amounts set opposite the names of the respective
shareholders, as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount,
GeorgeHearst 12 2000 $100 00
GeorgeHearst 83 680 29 00
John JMountain.Trustee. 66 100 5 00
John JMountain.Tru^tee. 67 100 6 00
John Mullen, Trustee 140 3250 162 60
S Davis, Trustee 32 6000 250 00
A F Benard, Trustee 103 29 145
A F Benard, Trustee 68 100 5 00
Hermann Toelken, Trustee 51 100 5 00
Henry Boyle, Trustee 57 2000 100 00
Henry Boyle, Trustee 112 224 1120
Henry Boyle, Trustee 113 356 17 80
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, matie on the 17th day of February,
1876, bo many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction, at
the salesroom of Maurice Dore & Co., No. 326 Pine
street, San Francisco, Cal., on the 17th day of
June, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock if., of said day, to
pay Baid delinquent assessment thereon, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGAED. Secretary.
Office, Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Umpire Tunnel and Mining Company —
Principal place of business, San Francisco. California.
Location of works, Big Cottonwood District, Salt Lake
County, Utah.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 20th day of May. 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 4) of Five (5) cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately,
in United States currency, to the Secretary, ot the office
of the company, No. 531 California street, San Francisco,
Cal., or to the Superintendent.
Any stock npon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the First day of Jul v, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the Second day of
AoeuBt, 1875. to pay the delinqueut assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL. Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California street, San Francisco,
California.
374
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
fjune 5, 1875
Iron and Machine taffc
San Francisco Boiler Works,
Will Eemove about June 1st, to N. W. Oor.
Harrison and Main.)
MS 125 Beale Street SAN FEANOISCO
F. I. CUKRY,
Late Foreman ol the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions. .
SOLE MANDFA0TUBEK8 OF THE OELEBBATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IKON WOBE of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and BEPAIBINQ promptly
attended to. lwMn
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED ^?SA1868'
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAN FBAH0I80O.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds ol light aud heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore, Jesse Holladay, 0. E. McLane,
Wm. Norris, fm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James P. Walker.
WM. H.TAYLOR •■• President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24vn-qy ___ t
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
KAXITtAOfUUIB or
aTKAM ENGINES,
Quartz* Flour and Saw Mills,
tf »ye»» Improved SteamTnmp, Bro«lle»» Im-
proved Crusher, Mlnlntr Pomps.
Amiiljf amnton, and all Wndl
or Machinery.
N. E. oorner ef Tehama and Fremont streets, above How-
atreet, San Franolaoo. $-1?
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
BOOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MArlOrAOTOHERe Ot
8TEAM ENGINE®, BOILEB8,
OROBB' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar' s Patent Self- Adjusting Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all bind* of Mining- Machinery*
Front Street, between K and O streets,
Sacramento Orrr.
8HEET IRON I»II»E.
t:hb
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Oorner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, ot any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the game where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car Wheels, with Bpecial
patterns for Mining Oars . These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
thlB company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
Wheels made in this State.
•7" All kinds of Machinery made and repaired,
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE. Superintendent.
G. W. Prebcott.
"W. R. EOBABT.
Marysville Foundry,
OAL.
MARYSVILLE. ---_..-
PRESOOTT & ECKART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
Holeiine Machinery, Saw mid Grist Mill IronB, House
Fronts Oar Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly oo band for sale. 9v28-ly
T. A. MoOormick. Oboab Lewis. J. McCormioe.
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON "WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings, Part leu -
ax attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 286 BEALE STREET,
Bet, Howard and FoUom Streets, BAN FRAN0XS@0.
PARKE& LACY,
SOLE AQF.XTS FOB THE
Burleigh Rock Drill Oomoany.
— MAMUFAOTTJBER8 OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHEE MAOHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Maohine and
Hill's Exploders for fBlasting-, Putnam Ma-
chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pomps and Haskin's Engines.
AddreeB
FABEE &. LACT,
■2iv2s->ini-h(i 310 California St., S. F.
DUNBAR'S WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.
BETHESDA MINER AL~ SPRING WATER
Of Wanketiiha, Wisconsin.
We claim Bethesda to be a specific in all cases of Diabetes Inflammation of the Kidneys, Inflarrmation of
the Neefc of the Bladder and Urethra, Iuflnmuiation of the Bladder, Dropsy, Gouty Swellings, Stoppage of Urine.
Albumenuria, Bopy or Cloudy Urine, Brick Dust ^Deposit; Thiok, Morbid, Bilious and Dark Appearing Urine
with Bone DuEt Deposits; Burning Sensation with Sharp Pains when vuiding Urine; Hemorrhage of the Sidneys,
Pain in the Kidneys and Loins, Torpid Liver Indigestion, OalculUB, and Female Weakness.
There is no remedial agent known to man that can cure the foregoing diseases ae effectually as Bethesda
Water. ThlB fact has been demonstrated wherever the water has been need according to directions, which cau
be had at the General Agents' by application to them. The water 1b Bweet and pleasant to the taste. It can bo
drank at all hours. Why should any one Suffer While this Water is so easily obtained ?
DUNBAR, HENDRY & LAVERY, Sole Agents for Pacific Coast,
fb27-eow-bp-Sm 107 STOCKTON ST., SAN FRANCISCO.
IaiP.BAjntm. Established I860. A.P. Brattos
Pacific Iron Works.
Frntrr Street, - San Fbanoisoo.
Geo. VT. Fogsr, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EVEKY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND BEPAIBINQ WOBK OP F.VEET
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PRATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDABD & CO., Props.
WE HAWKINS.
T. a. OANTHELL
HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210 & 212 Beale St,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FBANOISOO.
MANUFAOTUREKB OP
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fbemont Street, San Fbahoiboo,
RICHARD SAVAQE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light CaBtings of every description. House
FrontB, Mining and General Maohinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Oaskets, Grates and
Fenders, Hoad-Scrapers. Hydranta, Tuyere Irons.
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
GipBies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Oauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. , 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
IV*. 1£5 First street, apposite Jttlnna,
SAN FBANOISOO.
ALi ai!?»6 0i Brans, Composition, Zinc, and BabbittMeta
CftHtinEB*, BraBS Ship Woxfc of all klndb, aplfces, Sheathing
NallH, Kuddor BraceB, Hinges.Ship and Steamboat Bella arid
Qouusof euperior tone. All kindsof Cocks and valvee, Hy
draulic Pipes and NozzleB, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all ^/Hre^'MOD'ERTTt^"" ^^
J. ™ WEED. V. KINGWELU
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
ijOILER MAKERS
AND SESERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard at., between Fremont and Beale, San Franolaoo
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 Fthbt Street,
San FBANansoo
STEIGEB & KERB,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Fan
and Callahan Grata Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes aud Dies. 20v26.3m
Rolling Mill Company,
BAN FBANOI0OO, CAL.
Established for the M anal act urs of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROft
— AMD —
Every Variety ot jghaftiner,
Embracing ALL SIZES - f
Steamboat Shafts. Oranki. Piston and Con.
3 nectlag Bods. Oar and Locomotive Axles
and Frames
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size
»jr Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Franoiuco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention.
09- The highest price Daid for Scrap Iron.
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANOIS0O.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Heating's Sauk Printing Preasea,
The Economy Hydra-duo Hoist fob Stones,
Aud General Machinists. 25v28-Sm
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOTJIVIXRY,
129 and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard,
San $ rtnclsco.
LIGHT ABTD HEAVY CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 3»vl6ar
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, oward and Folsom, San Francisco.
SCaobinery and Casting* of all kinds.
Gulden State Iran Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
MaNUFACTUBE
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
atriCKSILVEB FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Haying much experience in the business of the Be.
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Sorew Bolt Works.
MANUFACTUUEBB OF ATiTi KXHDB OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Beits,
IS, 15 and 17 Dnunm Street, San Franolsoo. 4v241y
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes — from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz.
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDT, No. 32 Fremont Street.
PARKE &■ LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANTJFAOTUBEBS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Having the Latest Improved Maohinery, we can make
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OB
■WATER "WORKS,
To Oontraot with as for
SHEET-IRON FII»E.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
ISO Beale Street*
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G. .Si II. BABNETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Nob. 39. 41 and 43 Richmond street.
Philadelphia, Fa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Ooast. 18v26.1T
Subsoetbcbs who by mistake get two copies of this
aper, should notify us without delay.
June s, 1875.)
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
3?6
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
San Francisco, Cal.
P. 0. Box 168.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE PACIFIC
COAST FOB
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's patent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's Emery^Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co's
Machinists' Tools,
uiteVuut AXUnusk ^uu Awl .LfcOiilOV-
in? Shavinps and Sawdust
from Machines.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP.
Over 7.500 in Successful Use in the Unit
States.
TBCIE: IKIIN-OIX &c OSBORIsT
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
THIS FTJBNAOE REDUCES CINNABAR, (ROOK OR FINE EARTH,) AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
And at LESS COST per ton than any other furnace. It will work continuously Twelve to Twenty-four
months without stopping.
NO MAN H AS EVER BEEN SALIVATED
Or otherwise affected by the mercury about tho furnace, either in operating It or making repairs. For ful
particulars, plane, etc., apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
We lefer any party desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining Companies
Where the furnace may be seen in successful operation:
The Manhattan Mine in Napa County.
The Bedington Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Phoenix Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Annie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Cloverdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The California Borax Company (Sulphur Banks), Lake County.
The Abbott Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Cerro Bonito Mine, Fresno County.
KNOX & OSBORN".
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are Durable, Compact and
Cheap.
For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGtZDZEZlST,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
1845. The Harrison' Portable Mill Machinery. 1875.
FAST CRINDINC. SMALL POWER.
Thirty Tears' Experience in this Specialty, covered »y Twentv iVtmts.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Prioe Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Supts. of Quarts Mills and Mining Men generally;
We take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, oar Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works—
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thuB enabled to reduce the cost of tteel and at the
Bame tlmo produce Shoeb aku Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per ponnd and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that von will find them at least 10 per
cent-cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by onr authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoeb
and Dies which are only cant iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel . They are
very brittle and are nut capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in use in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Count , and all who have tried them
pronounoe them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapnessonflrst
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and chipplngs, and a saving of
75 per cent. In freight. It takes 60 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco, Terms liberal.
Address ail orders, with ^dlmeneions, to
OAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building, S. F
French Burr Stone Wills., run by hand, burse, wind, water or steam power. Flouring Mills
Tind Bolters, combined or ae par ate ; Vertical and Horizontal Corn mills, Feed Mills and
TJniversal Pulverizers — will grind all Grains and Mineral and Vegetable substances.
6end stamp for Illustrated Catalogue containing cut of each rlesiirn and price-list. (,
EDWARD HARRISON, Manufacturer,
No. J»5 Howard Ave.. New Haven, Conn.
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May 26, 1808.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Bock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWDER, NO. S,
For medium and seamy Bock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent, in expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
iar The only Blasting Powder uaed in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & 00.,
v22-8ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYERS
manufaotuubbs of
I t** !F* f** ~F* I ' ^i
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes ,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL Sc MYERS, 306 California St., S. F
0"Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List- sent free
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative Of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATEK ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFO. 00.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, 0., Chicago, 111.
376
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC
PRESS
[June 5, 1875
IMPROVED HOISTING ENGINES.
HOISTING ENCINES.
COOK, BYME3 & CO.'S Celebrated Hoisting Engines hare been too long
in use on the Pacific Ooast to require any special recommendation from ua.
We refer with confidence to any one of the hundreds now in use. We Blmply'
state that they still Bustain their old reputation, the manufacturers not
having followed the now too common practice of reducing the quality of
material and workmanship for the Babe of competing with cheaper engines.
For details of sizeb Bend for price list. We desire to call particular attention
to our new
MINING HOISTING ENGINES.
(Manufactured by the same parties.)
Which have just been introduced on this Coast. The planB and spacifications
are the combined efforts of oue most successful mining ehgxneebs, and the
reBUlt is the most complete
' DOUBLE-DRUM HOISTING- ENGINE
Ever built. Their advantages will be seen at a glance by any one familiar with
the necessities of a mine. One of these engines may be seen at work in the
Belcher mine, and one in the Ophir, on the Comstock lode, to both of which
we refer. 80" We have all sizes of these - engines constantly on hand. For
sale only at
TKEADTVELL & CO.'S,
2Svl9-eow-tf
San Francisco, Gal.
W. T. G-ARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natozna and Fremont Streets,
MANTTFAOTUBEBS OF
Brass, Zinc and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
T.4TEUS AND LiSB E2LLS, SONUS,
FIRE EHQINEB, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of ali descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop.
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Coca's, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur.
Dished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt'B Patent Improved Journal Metal."
«0-HigheBt Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nob. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANtTFAOTUKEB OP
SPAULDING'S
"Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most du able and economy
oal Saws in the Woiid.
Each Saw is Warranted in every respect .
Particular attention paid to construction of
" Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the loweBt Market Prices.
BAIRD'S
FOR PRACTICAL HI
Our new and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS— 9G pages, 8vo.— sent free to any
one who will furnish his address.
HENSY CAREY BAIRD & CO.,
Industrial Publishers and Booksellers,
16p 406 Walnut street, Philadelphia.
<Jift tn (£91 1 Per Day at home. Terms free. Ad-
tJJtl w ePrWV dress G. Stinson & Co., Portland, M.
Thursday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
zaunicatlons should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early in the week as possible.
RISDON & TOWER,
MANAGERS OP
Pacific Boiler, Sheet Iron, and
WATER PIPE WORKS.
All Kinds of Boiler and Sheet Iron Work.
High and Low Pressure Boilers Built
and Repaired.
We refer to twenty years' experience in the above
business as a guarantee that all orders for work will be
faithfully executed.
OFFICE AND WORKS, 118 & 120 FREMONT ST.,
Bet. Mission and Howard, San Francisco, Cal.
J. N. RISDON, formerly of Coffee & Risdon and
Risdon Iron Works.
CHAS. TOWER, formerly Foreman of Coffee & Eis-
don and RiBdon Boiler WorkB.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND-POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines In operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 315 California street. Booms 16 and 17.
24v26-tf
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOR SATYR OR LEASE!
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
County, 250 acres in extent. For full particulars,
Address J. L.. COAN,
233 Third street,
Or call at 412 Market street.
Brass Foundry & Pump Factory.
A.. .T. SMITH, Plumber,
Sole Proprietor and Manufacturer of the
Celebrated Hudson Force Pumps. At wood
& Bodwell Windmill Brass Pumps,
Smith's Copper-Lined Pumps,
Plumbers' Force Pumps.
J&- Special attention paid to Brewers', Distillers', Beer
and Hot Liquor Pumps, and Wine Pumps. Particular
attention paid to AIR PUMPS, also to
DIVERS' SUBMARINE PUMPS.
Artesian Well Pumps Made to Order.
Mr* Brass Casting Made to Order.
No. 222 FREMONT STREET, - - SAN FRANCISCO.
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
"S.KMIrpMfrABL.'E
The highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine waB awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair in Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
SAN FRANCISCO
Pioneer Screen Works,
Removed to 32 Fremont Street, near Market.
mm
j. w. quick:,
Manufacturer of perforated
sheet metals of every descrip-
tion, at .reduced rates. Mill
owners using Battery Screens
extensively, can contract for
large supplies at favorable rateB.
This Is the only establishment
on the Coast devoti-d exclusively
to the manufacture of Screens.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Creese
40 to 50 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BBAHMAS. GAMES ,^jgJBJ fM^y t Black
HOUDANS. ■ glJEflft < CAYUGA DUCKS
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to hatch after arrival on
any part of tho Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where yon^aw this advertisment ]
Female Complaints should be cured, as they often
an be, by a few doBeB of Ayer's Sarsaparilla.
BOOKS.
The Latest and Host Standard Works on
ENGINEERING,
MECHANICS AND MACHINERY,
STEAM ENGINE.
CARPENTRY. MASONRY.
ARCHITECTURE,
METALLURGY,
ASSAYING.
MINERALOGY,
MINING.
AGRICULTURE,
IRRIGATION and
HYDRAULICS,
FOR SALE BT
A. L. BANCROFT & CO.,
721 MARKET STREET, S. F.
Catalogues Supplied Free.
PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS,
BIS FRANCISCO,
Manufacturers of
Linseed and Castor Oils,
OIL CAKES AND *n?.AT.
Highest price paid for Flax Seed and Castor BeanB de
livered at onr works.
Office, 3 and 6 Front street.
Works, King street, bet. Second and Third. fel5-eoA
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Fines, Oasand Water Pipe, Oast
Steel, Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
ra. MoCRTNDLE, Manager, 22 & 24 Fremont St., S. F.
m6-n2
MILL MEN.
Wanted, by a thoroughly practical mill man, a sana-
tion as First Engineer, Foreman, or General
Manayer. Is an engineer and machinist by trade,
and has a fair knowledge of assaying, milling, etc.
Apply to A. M. KRTJTTSCHWTTT,
North 0 and Mill streets, Virginia Olty, Nevada.
Ayer's Sarsaparilla,
FOB PTJBIFYING THE BLOOD.
This compound of the
vegetable alteratives, Sarsa-
parilla, Dock, Stillingia and
Mandrake with the iodides i
of Potassium and Iron
makes a most effectual core
of a series of - complaints
which are very prevalent
and afflicting. It purifies
the blood, purges out the
lurking humorp in the Bystem, that undermine health
and settle 'into troublesome disorders. Eruptions of
the skin are the appearance ou the surface of humors
that should be expelled from the blood. Internal de-
rangements are the determination of these same humors
to some Internal organ, or organs, whose action they
derange, and whose subBtance they disease and destroy.
Ayer's Sajisaparilla expels these humors from the
blood. When they are gone, the disorders they produce
disappear, such sr Ulcerations of the Liver, Stomach, ,
Kidneys, Lungs, Eruptions and Eruptive Diseases ef the
Skin, St. Anthony's Eire, Robo or Erysipelas, Pimples,
PustuleB, BlotcheB, BoIIb, Tumors, Tetter and Salt '
Rheum, Scald Head, Ringworm, Ulcers and Sores,
RheumatiBm, Neuralgia, Pain in the Bones, Side and
Heaa, Female Weakness, Sterility, Leucorrhtna arising
from internal ulceration and uterine diBeaBe, Dropsy,
Dyspepsia, Emaoiation and General Debility. With
their departure health returns.
PBEPABED BT
DE. J. O. AYEE & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
t&" Sold by all Druggists and Dealers In Medicine.
CRANE & BRIG-HAM, Wholesale Agents
jyll-sa
NIMROD BAULSm. RICHARD C. HANSOM
RICHARD C. HANSON & CO..
BLOCK & PUMP MAKERS
IMPOBTEE8 OF ALL KINDS OF
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum Vitee for Hill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
Near Market, - San Francisco.
RUSSELL'S
OREON PILE CURE.
To those suffering from Piles— External, Internal i
and Itching Piles: You can be cured, as hundreds of
others have been. Send for Circular and see undoubted
testimony. Will send sample bottle for $2, or three 1
bottles for $5.
Call upon your Druggist, or address
DR. RUSSELL.
No. 6 Post street, San Francisco.
Ames' Genuine Chester Emery
HaB been reduced from seven cents to »tt
cents per pound for grains in kegs, floor
and fine flour remaining at four cents per
pound, as heretofore. Important discounts
to tb« trade. Send for circulars.
V. HATJGHWOTTT & CO.,
26 Beekman Street, New Ye*
<$>
A VALUABLE PATENT RIGHT
For tile Pacific Coast,
WITH THE FACTORY FOR SALE.
For further particulars call at, or address,
611 POST STREET, - - SAW FRANOISOO. V
jnS-3t
■ It]
Dewey & Co. {B„28S£8l} Patent Agt's. ,;<
BY PKM'KY A CO.
j»nt 4'nt Solicitors.
SAN FEANCISCO, SATURDAY, JUNE 12, 1875.
VOIiUMB XX3S
JN umber 34.
Improved Vacuum Pump and Air Com-
pressor.
The simple form of pump herewith illustrated
may be used either as an air compressor which
is capable of producing an enormous blast at
a trifling coat of power, or as a pump for raising
water. By producing a vacuum in one of its re-
ceivers, and compressing air into the other, both
of the above capabilities may be utilized simult-
aneously— that is, a bellows can be bad at one
end of the machine and a water pump at the
other at the same time. Also, a bellows can be
had at each end, or a water pump can be had at
eaeh end at the same time, as may be desired.
The whole machine is constructed of metal.
The coiled tnbe, axle and receivers, of a solid
metal and of the fluid metal mercury, which
flows inside the coiled tube; hence its durability.
A, is a spiral tube coiled about, und the ends
of which are in communication with the hol-
low axial shaft, B. C, C, are hollow supports
for the latter, and, at the same time, supply
conduits, the water passing therefrom into
shaft, B, by the inlet valves at D. E, are the
exhaust valves, and at F is a partition which
divides the shaft, B, into two compartments,
bo that through its axis there is no communi-
cation between the ends of the coiled tube, A.
A portion of the coil is filled with mercury,
as indicated by the broken away section on the
right, the bight of the column of mercury be-
ing any hight desired greater than twenty-eight
inches, so as to overbalance atmospheric pres-
sure. One column twenty-eight inches in
hight compresses one atmosphere. Two
twenty-eight inches in bight compress two
atmospheres and bo on. Every atmosphere
compressed gives a pressure of fifteen pounds
to the square inch.
When the coil is turned by the action of the
belt pulley or by hand, in the direction of the
arrow, the mercury flowing along the spiral
lube from one end to the other will create a
vacuum in its rear, while compressing the air
before it. In so doing, it will draw water or
air through the valve, D, at one end of the
shaft, and expel the air before it from the
valve, E, at the opposite extremity. If the
motion be reversed when the mercury has trav-
ersed the length of coil, A, the same takes
place with the other pair of valves, while of
those first affected, the inlet valve now closes
and the outlet valve opens. A moment's in-
spection of the arrangement of the valves in
the diagram will show that a continuous suc-
tion and exhaust is thus maintained.
If the positions of the inlet and outlet valves
be changed, the valves, E, being inlet, and the
valves and D, outlet, the apparatus may be used
as an air compressor, of which the tubes, 0,
may be conduits to the reservoir. And a tube
may lead from reservoir (not shown in engrav-
ing) to furnace or forge. Other tubes than
those of C may be used as conduits to the
reservoir if desired. In either such cases,
valves, E, which, ae represented, open outside
the shaft, would open inwardly, while the
valves, D, now opening inside the Bhaft, would
open into the reservoirs. Water may be raised
thirty-three feet. The amount of compression
obtained ia dependent upon the hight and the
weight of the mercury column in the tube, and
the diameter of the tube. If the coiled tnbe
be fifteen feet in diameter, the air will be com-
pressed at least six times.
The diameter of the tube, the diameter of
the coil and the number of coila may be in-
creased as desired. The receivers may be made
of ' any desired size, and the reservoir into
which the receivers may discharge themselves
may be of any given size, and also the pipes
leading from the reservoir to furnace or forge,
Attention is particularly called to the small
quantity of power necessary to rotate this ma-
chine. The mercury and atmosphere being on
a balance when a column of mercury only
twenty-eight inches in hight is used, it is
evident that the friction on the journals above
has to be overcome (the friction of the mercury
and air inside the tube being merely nominal,)
in order to raise water and compress the air
one time. By increasing the hight of the col-
umn of mercury the friction on the journals
is increased, but it is to be remembered that
the power obtained is also greatly increased in
the air compressed. By a small amount of
power expended, a great blast can be had. The
uses of this machine are many. Besides those
mentioned, it may be used for ventilating
mines or steamships.
Patented November 24th, 1874. The inventor
desires to sell rights or an entire patent. For
further particulars address the patentee, Daniel
L. Cameron, at Madison station, Madison coun-
ty, Mississippi.
New Process of Refining Base Bullion.
We have received an addition to our collection
of subjects appertaining to metallurgy, in the
shape of two little silver bricks, and four bot-
tles containing silver in its various forms and
crystallized sulphate of copper (bluestone).
These articles are to illustrate the new process
of refining base bullion, for which F. H. Bons-
field, assayer at the Swiss-American B'ink, has
Lead.
[Written for the Prksh by Henuy (J. Hankb.}
Metallic lead has a bluish gray color. It is
usually tarnished, in which case it has no luster,
but when freshly cut shows a surface highly
metallic and brilliant. It is a soft metal, very
malleable, easily fusible, and volatile at a white
heat. It ia scarcely acted on by hydrochloric
acid or dilute sulphuric acid; but moderately
dilute nitric acid dissolves it, more readily if
heat is applied.
The presence of iead in any substance con-
taining it may with certainty and' ease be de-
termined by heating the sample on a piece of
well burned willow charcoal, in one portion of
which — nearest the flame — a small cavity or de-
pression haa been made, in which the assay
AIR COMPRESSOR AND PTJMP.
recently obtained a patent through the Mining j
and Scientific Peess Patent Agency. '
No. I of the specimens is the bullion as it
ordinarily comes from an assay office in the
shape of a bar, and is stamped silver, 410 fine,
and has a value per ounce of $0.53.
No. 2 is the metal as above prepared by the
patent process and granulated.
No. 3 is the granulation after oxidation.
No. 4 is the metal deprived of its baseness,
ready for fusion into pure bars, or ultimate
parting, should the original alloy have con-
tained gold.
No. 5 is the extracted copper in the shape of
sulphate (bluestone) .
No. 6 is a neat little bar obtained by thiB
process, having a fineness of 993 in silver and
.002 in gold, and a value per ounce of $1.32.
The process which these samples are intended
to illustrate is eminently simple and economical,
and necessitates no actual waste of acid, as is
the case with all other processes of humid re-
fining. As the pure metals are never dissolved
there is no danger of loss by breakage, etc. ;
and, should necessity require, they can be col-
lected and utilized at very short notice.
The advantages of using this new method of
concentration at the mine, where much sul-
phate of copper is constantly used, and where
freight in bullion embraces both value and
weight, are too manifest to need enlarging
upon. The new process is a valuable addition
to economic metallurgy.
Mining Pbopeett foe Saxe.— The attention
of capitalists and miners is called to the ad-
vertisement of the Nevada mill and mine, situ-
ated on Deer oreek, Nevada Gity, Oal.
may be placed, a little carbonate of soda added
aud the flame of an oil lamp or large candle
turned upon it by meauB of the mouth
blow-pipe. The direction of the flame at first
should be downwards until the assay begins to
melt, after which it should be blown softly and
nearly horizontally across the charcoal. If
lead is present in the assay a coating will form
on the charcoal whi6h is lemon yellow when
hot, and Bulphur yellow when cold. Other
volatile substances which may be present will
also form coatings, but they will be distinct,
aud at distances more remote from the assay,
nor will they be the same color. Zinc, like lead,
gives a yellow coating,- which to the inexper-
ienced might lead to mistakes, but if the char-
coal is allowed to cool the zinc coating will
become white, by which reaotion it may be
distinguished.
The following are the reagents used in the
determination of lead in the wet way, and the
reactions which occur:
Hydro sulphuric acid or sulphide of ammo-
nium added to solutions of lead salts gives black
precipitates of sulphide of lead which are not
soluble in cold dilute acida, alkalies, alkaline
sulphides or cyanide of potassium, but the
precipitate may be decomposed by boiling
nitric acid. The acid must be dilute or a part
of the lead will be change^ to the sulphate and
remain insoluble.
Soda, potassa and ammonia throw down
basic salts of lead in the form of white precip-
itates which ar« insoluble in ammonia. The
exception is solution of acetate of lead, from
whioh pure ammonia {free from carbonate)
does not immediately produce a precipitate, a
soluble triacetate of lead being formed.
Carbonate of soda produces a white precipi-
tate of bisic carbonate of lead, when added in
Bolution to the solution of any lead salt. This
precipitate is not soluble in excess of the pre-
cipitant nor in oyanide of potassium.
Hydrochloric acid or the soluble chlorides
produce in solutions of the lead salts, if concen-
trated, a heavy precipitate of chloride of lead,
which is soluble in a large quantity of warm
water.
Sulphuric acid and sulphates throw down
from lead solutions a heavy precipitate of sul-
phate of lead, which is nearly insoluble in
water and dilate acids, but dissolves readily in
solution of citrate of ammonia.
Chromate of potassa when added to solution
containing lead throws down a beautiful yellow
precipitate of ohromate of lead, which dissolves
in potasBa, but which is nearly insoluble in
nitric acid.
It should be understood that the above rea-
gents are in solution, and are to be added in
every case to solutions of substances contain-
ing lead.
Lead occurs in nature in a variety of forms,
but most of the metal hit-niched to commerce
is "from galena or sulphuret of lead. Native
lead is reported as occurring in globules at Als-
ton Moor, and at the mines near Carthagena,
Spain, but never in sufficient quantity to work,
or even to furnish specimens for the cabinet of
the mineralogist.
Galena, the most abundant ore of lead, has a
metallic luster. Its color and streak are pure
lead gray. When broken it is still oubic in form,
even when reduced to the finest powder. It
id ways contains silver and sometimes selenium,
zino, cadmium, manganese, gold, antimony,
copper and iron. Even platinum is said to be
found in galena in France.
It is a mistake to suppose that any external
appearance indicates the quantity of silver in
a sample of galena.
There is a variety of galena which is called
supersulphuretted lead. The excess of sul-
phur results from the decomposition of a por-
tion of the galena, setting the sulphur free.
There are several minerals which resemble
galena, and may easily be mistaken for it. The
most common is micaceous iron, a variety of
hematite. The resemblance of this mineral to
galena is sometimes bo striking as to deceive
the inexperienced. It may, however, be distin-
guished by the following tests: When heated
on charcoal it gives off no odor of sulphur, nor
can it be fuaed before the blow-pipe. No
metallic beads are formed when carbonate of
soda is added. After strong beating it becomes
red, and on cooling is found to be attractable
by the magnet.
Galena in Missouri and Illinois has been ex-
tensively worked. The largest deposits in the
world are in the Western States, and that ore
is there found associated with limestone,
blende, carbonate and sulphate of lead, pyrites,
aud often an ore of copper and cobalt.
The lead region of Wisconsiu comprises
sixty-two townships, eight in Iowa, ten in Illi-
nois, being eighty-seven miles in diameter,
from east to west, and fifty-four miles from
north to south. Throughout this region there
is scarcely a square mile in whioh traces of lead
may not be found. From a single spot not ex-
ceeding fifty yards square, three million
pounds of ore have been raised, and in one of
the townships two men have raised 16,000
pounds in a day. The mines of the upper
Mississippi afford about 760,000 pigs annually,
and those of Missouri about 150,000 pigs.
In 1874 the production of lead in California
more than doubled, while in the same year that
of England decreased 17,000 tons.
For making white lead Eastern corroders pre-
fer the Missouri lead to any other.
To give the reader aome idea of the produc-
tion of lead in the United States, the following
statistics for the year 1874 have been compiled:
TONB.
Chicago .' 2,200
46,600
Imported 18,000
U.SBaloa 4,000
TONS.
Missouri 16,000 (
California 8,000
New York, I
Newark, J 6,600
Philadelphia, J
Iowa, )
Illinois, 6,600 1
Wisconsin, )
Omaha... 5,800
Salt Lake 3,600
In 1874 the Union Pacific railroad carried
East 3,500 tons refined lead and 15,000 tons
bullion, by which is meant lead carrying more
or leas of the precious metals.
68,600
378
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[June 12, 187 S
Correspondence.
Geological Formations.
There appears in the Pbess of Ma; 15th an
interesting article under the caption "Geolag-
ieal Formations— Quarlzite," by Mr. William
Teal, of Bingham, U. T., in which he senten-
tiously asks, " What is quartzite 1 "
The query is a relevant one at the present
juncture, seeing that its proper constituents are
so little understood, notwithstanding the in-
creased and increasing spread of geological in-
formation. The subject is one that admits of a
wide range of discussion, because there are no
two miners of this coast who probably would be
found agreeing in their estimate regarding th
' ature of quartzite. Dana defines it as belong-
ing to the order of sandstones, and where com-
posed of pare quartz, sandy particles, as a
species of silioious sandstone, which has been
at some remote period in the earth's history
"firmly consolidated" by the action of great
heat, the same as crystallization has been pro-
duced in other rocky substances.
Quartz,
We know, is pure Bilioa, of which there are
many varieties, differing in form and color,
and easily distinguished from all the other
minerals by its hardness, infusibility, insolu-
bility, and entire absence of cleavage. Quartz
is also granular, but this is not one of the char-
acteristics of the- variety of quartzite most com-
monly met with in the mining districts of
Nevada. The massive or solid and vitreous
structure are the distinctive features of the
kind that is most frequently encountered in
this State, though one occasionally meets with
a laminated vein or belt, but this structure is
found more often at and above the outcrop
wherever it rises to any great hight in verti-
cal stratifications above the surrounding form-
ation. There are many of the varieties of this
rock that are regarded as of igneous origin,
while none of them can be said to be, in the
strict sense of the word, as belonging to the
metambrphic family of rocks.
Quartzite
Is not, that I am aware of, usually considered
as a metalliferous bearing rock, and is not, as
far as my experience has extended, the chief
ingredient or constituent of the geological
formation of any of the mining districts of
Eastern Nevada. It is, however, often seen
running in immense belts, ranging from a few
feet to one hundred feet or more in thickness,
and rising to a great altitude in huge, irregular
shaped masses above the outline of the hills.
It is, however, associated with many of our
most valuable mines, in the character of either
the foot or hanging wall — chiefly the former.
Such is the case at Reveille in this county, and
such too, I am informed, is the case at Fioche,
in the Raymond & Ely and other mines. At
Eureka it is entirely non-metalliferous, lime-
stone being the prevailing formation, though a
quartzite gangue is often found in place with
the ore, but this peculiarity is noticeable only
wherever the lode is broken or at fault, or
wherever the mineral is poor. Here lime and
porphyry are the chief rooks, though the former
is the actual geological formation. The 2 G
mine has a silicious lime hanging wall, and a
porphyry foot wall. The latter is also the hang-
ing wall to the Gila mine at Reveille, while
the foot wall is a semi-granular and
semi-vitreous quartzite, which at the apex of
the lode had a standing or shelving dip to the
east. Below this point it extends smooth and
unbroken, while the porphyry of the. foot wall is
largely impregnated next the ore with tale, man-
ganese and the red oxides of lead and iron. The
quartzite belt is, as I said above, over or about
one hundred feet thick and has a longitudinal
course of several miles, or from north to south
terminations of the district, which embraces a
space of eight by four miles. The porphyry
dike runs side by side, and is distinguished by
as bold projections as the other. While the lime
formation runs parallel to both at the east and
west sides.
Geological Formation
Does, of course, afford some index to the prac-
tical or experienced miner, whereby he is nearly
always enabled to arrive at a just or partially
just opinion of the mineral attributes of the
section of oountry over which his peregrinations
may sometimes extend in his search after the
mineral wealth which nature has scattered with
no niggard hand throughout the vast area of
Nevada.
There are, however, no two districts alike in
any respect, so that no parallels can be con-
structed where there are no common conditions
found to exist. The order of venons formation
also differs in different districts, and in some
instances I have found the mines of the same
district to differ just as widely, and this too
with regard to the proper method of developing
them. There are also many embarrassments
caused in metallic mining by the displacement
of lodes. These occurrences are most frequent
in limestone formations, and from a variety of
causes known to the trained miner and skilful
mineralogist. Experimental alining can alone
determine the structures of lodes by traoing
them in their various stages of development,
from their inolpient conditions to their fullest
expansions, and is also the only sure method
of measuring the quantity and value of their
ores. These things are, of course, facts that
are within the knowledge of every experienced,
intelligent miner. But to turn from this sub-
ject for the present, I will give a glance at the
state of our mineral resources at
Tybo.
The past delightful weather has been very
generally taken advantage of by prospectors
and others. In consequence there have been
very many promising discoveries made in this
and'adjoiningsections within the last two months.
The ore is of the milling kind and quite rich.
The chief locations are worked by T. J. Bell &
Co., Wagner & Rosenthal and Garrett & Co.,
the two former parties to the east at entrance
of canon, and the former in the hills to the
west of the
Two G Mine
In whioh some valuable lode deposits of very
fine argentiferous ore have been lately brought
to light. I have on former occasions given ac-
curate descriptions of this fine property, and
therefore I need now only say that its value
and permanenoe are no longer matters of doubt.
The former was established long since, but
recent explorations have- shown more largely
than heretofore that the latter attribute is also
placed beyond suspicion.
The Mill
Is progressing towards completion, though it
will be a while yet before the music of its
twenty stamps will greet our expectant ears.
When it does, we will exhibit some evidences of
our capability to add to the metallic stream
that is beginning to flow oceanwards from this
section of Nevada.
A twenty-stamp mill and a twenty five-ton
furnace will do some execution in the reduc-
tion here. It is also expected that we are soon
to have another company in here, negotiations
being now, it is said, pending with some San
Francisco parties for the sale and transfer of
some of oar mines.
Reveille
District, twenty-eight miles southeast of here,
of which I wrote some time ago, is at present
attracting well merited attention. The Gila is
pi oving the accuracy of my former statements,
and it is not yet more than in the infancy of its
greatness. Rarely has there been turned out
by any mine in the State, in so short a time, a
larger quantity of more uniformly rich ore
than there has been by this mine since it was
opened last February, Much of the ore being
extracted has given assay values ranging from
$200 to $7,000 per ton. It pulps at the mill
$300, and this without being sorted. The mill
is a two-stamp dry crusher, and has turned out
$55,000 in bright bullion bars from the 1st to the
21th instant, and the remaining six or seven
days will result in about $16,000 more, thus
aggregating about $71,000 for the month's run,
while the whole expenses will not be more than
$10,000, thus leaving a clear surplus of $61,-
000 to go to dividend fund. There is about
$16,000 or $17,000 shipped hence by Wells-Forgo
each week to New York in bullion. The
"West Side"
Is the name of a new discovery made some six
months ago, and as its name indicates, to the
west of the Gila on the mountain side over-
looking and easily accessable from the valley.
There is a five-stamp mill and excellent water
privileges go with this mine, and all have been
recently purchased by J. M. English and J. B.
McGee of the Gila, the former the president of
the Gila and the latter a director and large
owner in same mine, and manager of the Tybo
Consolidated mining company, of here. The
West Side promises to become equally as val-
uable as the Gila, its ore, of which there is an
abundance in sight, assaying $300 to $600 per
ton. J. D. P.
Tybo, Nye oounty, Nevada,lMay 26th.
Placer Mining in Oregon.
A correspondent of the Bedrock Democrat
says: With the melting of the snow and the
rush of water came busy times, whioh forced
me for a time to discontinue my description of
the mines and mineral wealth of Grant county,
I will now resume where I left off, namely, at
Robinsonville. From there we will pass
through a low "Baddle" in the mountains to
Burnt river; the first mining we find there is at
Parkorsville, where, for two or three years, not
much has been done, though in times past
some very rich ground has been worked in this
vicinity, with the probability of more of the
same kind remaining. Messrs. Parker & Glea-
son are at work in the main gulch, with pipe
and good head of Water. Their prospects are
good. This place is the over night station of
Grier & Kellogg's Canon City line of stages.
Mrs. Newton is the landlady, and if you ever
stop at her house and fail to get what you
would call a No. 1 meal, just give notioe in
your paper that 7-UP is najudge of- grub.
From this place the next camp is Bennett
creek and Winterville. Through this seclion
is some of the heaviest deposit of gravel in
Oregon, with more or less gold all through it.
Further on we find .Pine creek, Westfall Basin,
Gimlet and Jack Knife, all good . gravel de-
posits, but very short of water. In this region
is one of the best ohances for capitalists to in-
vest in a ditch that can be found in Eastern
Oregon; an extensiver supply of water would
develop the entire section of Burnt river that
now lies idle and unproductive, throwing tens
of thousands of dollars in circulation among
us, that now rests buried in Mother Earth.
While our capitalists and financiers are work-
ing to get the railroad through Eastern Oregon
would it not be well for them to look at the
chances of increasing the wealth and prosperity
of our country in other ways 1 Now stop !
Don't jump on me and go to kicking me tor
opposing the railroad, for I am in favor of
it, and other roads if needed, but I am strongly
in favor of pressing the subject of the < mineral
wealth and resources of our country upon the
public, thereby trying to retain our capital and
muscle among us instead of sending it on such
trips as to South mountain while we are needing
it here to add to our prosperity and help
build roads and other permanent improvements.
Some twelve years' residence and observation
in the mineral regions of Eastern Oregon has
fully convinced me that this .country will yet
rank with the best in the amount of precious
metal produced — we have it now, all we want
is capital and expert prospectors to bring it
forth. Bat, to my description: From Burnt
river wo ;will go baok to Olive creek. Here,
for some seven miles, mining is carried on, not
only in the main creek, but also in nearly every
gulch coming into it. About twenty companies
are at work in the different parts; they are
mostly Chinese, though Beveral companies of
white men are working and doing well. The
principal ones are Messrs. Howard, Chittenden
& Co., L. Farmer and Carpenter & Co. The
latter took out about a mule load last year,
with just as good prospects for the present sea-
son. The I water privilege on Olive oreek is
middling; the upper main gulch with its tribu-
taries has a working supply until the last of
August, while the lower end of the oreek has a
head through the entire season. There is still
a ohanoe iu this section for prospecting and
taking up ground.
An Obegon Gold Bab. — The Weekly Oregon-
Urn says: — One of the largest and consequently
most valuable gold bricks ever brought to this
city was on exhibition yesterday at the store of
Millard & Van Schuy ver, on Front street. The
briok was brought down from Baker Ciiy, hav-
ing been taken from the Virtue lode, near that
place. This huge chunk of precious metal was
the result of seventeen days' run by the Virtue
mining company, which will serve to indicate
the extreme richness of the lode. Pause,
gentle reader, and ponder while you read. This
brick weighs thirty-five pounds avoirdupois, or
505 11-100 ounces troy Weight. Its fineness is
903, and its value $9,185.29. In size it is but a
fraction smaller than an ordinary clay brick.
It was kept under a glass case, and daring the
day was the center of attraction. To gaze on
that solid mass of auriferous metal was quite
enough to make the eyes water and the palms
itch, of even the most stolid. We were allowed
to handle the brick, and never in all our ex-
tended reporterial career were we seized with
such a desire to slip the bonanza in our left vest
pocket and run for life. Had it not been for
the strict surveillance of the gentleman who
was kindly looking after the welfare of the
brick, we might possibly never have framed
this paragraph. The brick is on its way to the
mint at San Francisco, and is soon to be trans-
formed into bright twenty dollar pieces.
An exhibition of all kinds of railway car-
riages in use throughout the world is about to
be held in New York, with numerous drawings
and models of everything appertaining to pro-
gression by steam.
Douglas County Mines.
The superiority of Douglas county over most
of the other counties of the State as an agri-
cultural region has tended to point all our at-
tention iu that direction, to the exclusion of
the mining interests, which have centered in
the vicinity of the "great bonanza." South of
us are the Alpine, Benton, Cerro Gordo and
Panamint mines, stretched along in one
continuous range, and north of us is the great
Comstock, all on the eastern slope of the
Sierras. Within the bounds of our county are
the Bismarck, Pine Nut, the old Sierra claim,
besides several others, in all of which the indi-
cations are good, and would be extensively
prospected if located anywhere in the neighbor-
hood of the Comstock. The Silver Lake 00m-
p&ny worked their claim to some extent last
summer, and here is the result, as taken from
the sworn statement of the superintendent,
John B. Winters, as given to the County As-
sessor:
Receipts, exclusive of freights on 225 tons of
ore sold Tecoms compauy, Trucked, Oal., $8,000.00
Expense of producing the same. 5,079.23
Which, it will be seen, leaves a profit of $2-
920.77, or about $13 per ton. This ore was
transported a considerable distance on the backs
of mules, which was an extraordinary expense.
Wiih rich mines both north and south of us,
numerous indications of good mines in our
midst, Douglas county certainly merits some
attention from mining men ; and we feel con-
fident that if only one of the already ledges dis-
covered can be made to become dividend-pay-
ing, there will be no difficulty in finding capi-
tal to develop others. As stated above, the
Winters mine, out in Pine Nut district, has de-
monstrated that their ore will more than pay
for mining and working even in the most ex-
pensive manner. When this company get their
new furnace in operation and the mine opened
so as to work it to the best advantage, we may
reasonably expeot one good paying mine at
least, and through this encouragement the dis-
covery of many others. Let us hope. — Carson
Valley Jfews.
The Great Union Shaft.
The Virginia Enterprise gives the following
description of what the combined efforts of the
Savage, Hale & Norcross and Cnollar-Pstosi
mines, on the Comstock, are doing and expect
to do: During the last days of February a num-
ber of men were set at work preparing to grade
a railroad track from Tunnel No. 2, between
Virginia and Gold Hill, along the rough sides
of the hills east of the city to a point three-
quarters of a mile almost directly east of the
Hale & Norcross works. For two weeks the
body of men did little except shovel snow
along the line of the intended track. At length
work was commenced in Tunnel No. 2. The
northern entrance was widened nine feet, and
ten new sets of timbers were put in between
that point and where the grade ran out. In
the meantime work had been extended to dif-
ferent points along the line of the intended
grade. Not only was it necessary to grade and
lay down a track for the cars, but
A Wagon Road
Mast be made the entire length of the grade
also. The railroad grade is finished, with
trifling exceptions, the ties placed and the Iron
laid for more than half the entire distance. In
fact, this part of the work would have been
completed, but that the material on hand
which was available for the purpose gave out.
There are three fills and four cuts along the
line, one of which cuts Was made through hard
blasting rock and to a depth of eighteen feet.
The fills required all the debris from the cuts,
with trifling exceptions. The wagon road,
which winds around the railroad track, is
neatly finished, it only remaining to cut around
some of the fills and prepare crossings. Along
the line of the railroad are three culverts for
letting the surface water pass under the grade.
One of them is made of an eight-inch pump-
column, the others being of 3x3 plank. To con-
duct off the surface accumulations around the
site of the future works, a culvert has been
placed in position which is 2x3 feet in the
clear, and amply sufficient for the purpose.
The Site of the Works
Commands a most beautiful view of the city
and surrounding country. The city lies like
a painted panorama, with Mount Davidson for
a background, and is to be seen at a glance, from
the water works on the Divide to the extreme
northern limit. To the east, the works will
look down on Sutro tunnel shaft No. 1, and
out over the beautiful, though rough and
rugged, country between them and the Carson
river. As to availability, the place for the works
which are. to be constructed has been seleoted
with much care and forethought, and an ad-
mirable situation it is. There is to be an tip-
per and lower grade. The railroad track leads
to the upper, where will be located the works
proper, wood-pile, etc. The second grade is
run in from the bank, thirty-five feet below,
and from this the shaft is to be started. A wall
five feet in thickness will be built from the
lower grade to the upper, arid immediately east
of the shaft. The lauding will be upon the
lower grade, which is sufficiently high to ena-
ble tracks to be run around to the east side of
the hill, so that there is damp room enough
there for all time. The ordinary gal-
lows frame will be dispensed with. The sheaves
will be placed upon the wall before mentioned,
with just frame enough to hold the pulley
wheels in place. These wheels will be of suffi-
cient size to carry the cable over to the center
of the shaft.
The Shaft Itself
Is to be of four compartments and will require
a "hole in the ground" at least 9x30 and prob-
ably 10x30. Three of the compartments will
be each 5x6 in the clear, while the fourth or
pump shaft will be 5x7 in the clear. These
compartments are to be surrounded by timbers
11x11, with 3x12 spilings. The entire work of
grading and everything ready for the com-
mencement of the shaft will be finished by
the middle of next week, and then the shaft
will be started. The rocks and dirt, whioh are
loosened np in the same manner as was men-
tioned in yesterday's article on. the California
mill, are being removed by eighty men, seven
carts, three cars, four wheelbarrows, and at the
rate of 3,600 cart loads per day. A double-,
headed donkey is on the way and the work of
sinking will be pushed " rapidly forward at the
same time that the construction of the works
and the plaoing of the machinery is going on.
The size of the works, etc., has not yet been
decided upon, but it will be ample. The black-
smith shop will occupy the lower grade and be
south of the shaft.
The Intention is
To make preparations and put in machinery to
sink at least a mile, if desirable. To this end
nothing will be left undone which can contrib-
ute to ultimate success. The machinery will
be more ponderous than any yet placed on the
Comstock. Everything will be of gigantic pro-
portions, such as will comport with and con-
tribute to the gigantic ends in view. The
movements along the line of the Comstock have
been with its dip, toward the east, and toward
the east everything has gravitated. The wis-
dom of the combination is patent, in that a
leap over intervening obstacles has been made,
the ground secured and an abundance of it, and
a foundation commenced fiinily and of immense
proportions and promise. Everything is in
keeping with the undertaking, and will be
pushed to completion with the same energy
and ability which has characterized its early
developments. Thus far the grading has been
under the supervision of Mr. A. Perrin, fore-
man of the Chollar-Potosi.
June 12, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
379
cientific Progress.
The Mechanical Cause of Ebullition.
This is shown by taking a thermometer
tube, with a sphi'ricHl bulhat iu *xtrwuiity, and
breaking the bulb in such a maimer that it
format with the tube, a funnel with irregular
edge*. Then plunge the tunnel thus made,
mouth downwards, into a flask of water, allow-
ing it to rest upon the bottom of the tl.uk. We
have thus a small mass of sir imprisoned by
the water and the tube. Kelt heat the water,
by a spirit lamp, to ebullition. Then, placing
tbe flame at a convenient distance, the bubbles
of vapor may be seen to rise continually from
the fannel.
It is evident that each bubble of vapor, in
order to get out of its prison, must break
through the envelope o( water which surrounds
it; in doing which, it most encounter a resist*
ance equal to the atnionphoric pressure due to
the weight of the liquid, plus the cohesion of
the liquid.
Now we know that water which remains still
in any receptacle, always sets free small bubbles
of air, which remain attached by adhesion to
the walls of the vessel, and that bubbles of
vapor always start from these air-bubbles. A
fraction only of these air-bubbles are detached
from the sides, together with the vapor-bubbles,
and buret at the surface, whilst the fire con-
tinues to obarge with fresh vapor the bubbles
of air which remain attached. We also know
that if water be deprived entirely of air, ordin-
ary ebullition does not take place. This has
been established by numerous experiments,
amongst which may be cited those of Dufour,
who has heated drops of water suspended in
Unseed oil and essence of cloves, up to 178°
Cent., without ebullition taking place. But
on touching the suspended globules with a
metal wire, or splinter of wood (that is to say,
on taking some air to them), he found that
ebullition was at once produced.
Bremer has proved by a large number of ex-
periments, that water, after being- deprived of
air as far as possible, may be heated from 108°
to 2003 Cent, without boiling in any continu-
ous way.
The mechanical cause of ebullition must
therefore be, that water always contains bub-
bles of air saturated with vapor, which break
through their aqueous boundaries when they
have acquired a tendenoy superior to the re-
sistance of those boundaries; viz., equal to the
atmospheric pressure on the surface of the
liquid, plus the pressure of the weight of the
liquid column above them, plus the cohesion of
the liquid. •
In general, we do not take any note of the
two latter resistances, because they are com-
monly much smaller that the first, and we only
■ee that liquidity ceases when the elastic force
of its vapor is made equal to the pressure upon
the liquid at its surface.
It may be asked, Why does the ebullition of
a liquid such us water take place at a fixed
temperature, whilst evaporation takes place at
all temperatures? The answer is easy. Dur-
ing ebullition, each globule of vapor, in order to
get out of its prison, has to overcome the at-
mospheric pressure; and in order to do that,
it needs a temperature at which the tension of
its vapor is in equilibrium with that pressure.
On the other hand, in evaporation, each mole-
cule of vapor, in order to fly off into the air,
has only to vanquish the cohesion which links
it to the other molecules, and that effected, it
can penetrate without further obstacle amongst
the molecules of the air, where it finds a place
without having had to thrust itself forward
against the pressure of the atmosphere. — Ex.
Hyarogenized Iron.
At a recent stance of the French Academy of
Science, M. Dumas read an interesting commu-
nication from SI. Cailletet, who had been pur-
suing his researches aa to tbe absorption of
hydrogen by iron. When an Iron plate is
attacked by sulphuric aoid being poured over
it, a portion of the hydrogen produced is ab-
sorbed bv the metal, and the pressure of the
gts which is accumulated between two iron
plates welded together is sufficient to count er-
balanoe a column of mercury 13.'^ inches high
This singular property of hydrogen, discovered
by M. Cailletet, has lately been confirmed by
Mr. Sevoz, who attributes to the presence of
carbonic oxide or hydrogenized gas, the brittle-
uess which some classes of iron manifest when
an attempt is made to draw them into wire.
When decomposing, by tbe galvanic battery,
a solution of chlorate of iron to which sal am-
moniac baa been added, metallic iron may be
collected at the Booth pole In the form of a
brilliant wart, brittle and often hard enough to
scratch glass. This iron, after having been
washed, evolves, either under water or another
liquid, numerous bubbles of a gas, which is
pure hydrogen. When freely exposed to tbe
air, galvanic iron loses only a portion of its
hydrogen. Under water, especially water
heated to 140 or 150 deg. Fah., the hydrogen
is given off with violence.
How much hydrogen can the iron thus treated
take up? The answer is: for one volume of
iron, 248 volumes of gas; in weight thirteen
part? of iron absorb one part of gas. When
a lighted match is applied to this iron, saturated
with hydrogen, the gus burns like alcohol.
When, in consequence of the heat, tbe iron
has lost the hydrogen which it contained, this
gas cannot be restored even by means of the
battery. Palladium, on the contrary, may be-
come charged with hydrogen, lose it, and
regain it, for any number of times. Galvanic
iron may be pulverized with ease; when heated
it regains its ductility. The hydrogen, in
combining with the iron, appears to communi-
cate to it a considerable coercive force.
A piece of platinum wire, covered with gal-
vanic iron, was placed in the direction of the
axis of a magnetized needle, vibrating on a
point, and at a fixed distance from one of its
extremities. The needle, disturbed from its
equilibrium, made twenty vibrations in a
minute. The iron, having been magnetized,
was replaced at the same distance from the
needle, when the latter made forty-two vibra-
tions in the same space of time. When heated
to a dull red, the iron lost its polarization; when
it was again magnetized to saturation, it only
caused the needle to vibrate thirty-three times
in a minute.
Admitting that the magnetic power of the
iron under these three different conditions is as
the square of the number of vibrations, and
taking as unity the magnetic power of the hy-
drogenized iron unmagnetized, we arrive at the
following ratio :
Hydrogenized Iron, unmagnetized 1
" " magnetized -, 2.6C6
Iron deprived of hydrogen and magnetized 1 .61
The presence of hydrogen in the. iron would,
therefore, considerably modify the magnetic
properties of this metal. Iron hydrogenized
after the fashion of steel, or carbnrized iron,
would possess special characteristics; among
others, great hardness and considerable coercive
power. The researches of M. Cailletet may
indeed open out new fields in the metallurgy of
iron. Who knows — asks the Moniteur Indus-
triel Beige — after steel, hydrogenized iron?
Substitute for a Microscope.
The object of a lens in a microscope is to enable
us to see a minute object distinctly at a less dis-
tance than the natural standard of vision, as
by so doing we view it under a larger angle; but
in point of fact we can to a certain extent
accomplish the same object without any lens
at all.
Take a card and blacken one side of it, then
pierce it with a fine sewing needle and look
through the hole at any small object, strongly
illuminated, and held about an inch from it,
the object will appear considerably magnified.
In this case the use of the perforated card
enables the object to be brought about ten times
nearer the eye than the ordinary distance of
distinct vision, and hence it appears about ten
times larger.
In the case, of a lens the magnifying power
depends on its focal length, the object being
placed nearly in its principal foous. But there
are other considerations involved besides mere
magnifying power; thus we may have high
power but a want of distinctness or definition
— a lack of light collecting property. The
pupil of the eye can evidently only admit a
cone of light of a certain angle, which angle is
variable within certain limits, by the self-ad-
i'usting arrangement of the eye; thus in very
iright light the pupil contracts and reduces the
quantity admitted.
In the experiment with the perforated oard,
the effect is equivalent to reducing the pupil to
the size of the needle hole, bo that the amount
of light entering the eye is correspondingly
reduced, hence the necessity for the object be-
ing "strongly illuminated" to render it visible.
A Curious Magnet.
M. J. Jamin, of the Paris Academy of Sci-
ences, recently adverted to a singular case of
magnetic power observed by Galileo, and de-
scribed by him in 1607. He had met with a
loadstone "of such power that, if the point of
a cimeter be brought near to it, at a distance
equal to the thiokness of a silver piastre (about
a crown piece) it can no longer be kept back;
even a strong man resting the cimeter against
his breast could notresist the attraction." He
continues to say:
"I have discovered another admirable effect,
which I had not met with in any other load-
stone; the same pole will attract and repel the
same piece of iron. At a distance of at least
four or five fingers' breadth it will repel it. If
the piece of iron be placed on a table, and the
loadstone be placed near it, the iron will be
driven back, and retreat so long as the load,
stone is pushed toward it; but if the latter be
drawn back, as the distance is four fingers'
breadth, the piece of iron is attracted and fol-
lows the loadstone as it is drawn baok, but it
does not go nearer than one fingers' breadth."
This loadstone was bought by the Grand
Duke; Galileo oontinued his experiments with
it, and it turned out that the piece of iron above
referred to was magnetized steel, for mere
iron was attracted at any distance by the load-
stone to the amount of six pounds' weight.
In short, it had the property of attracting and
repelling the same pole of magnetized steel.
This curious loadstone is unfortunately lost.
M. Jamin, after giving this pieoe of history,
states that he has without seeking it found a
parallel case, which has no myBtery about it.
A steel bar may be magnetized to saturation by
a very powerful current, and the magnetic fluid
will penetrate to the very core of one of his
halves, whioh he calls positive. ThiB being ob-
tained, the same bar is exposed to an inverse
current, which, very weak at the outset, grad-
ually increases in intensity, and determines a
boreal or negative magnetisation, merely super-
ficial at first, but going down deeper by degrees,
leaving, however, positive strata further down.
The outer surface is now carried off by corro-
sion in an acid, so that the exterior negative
surface is removed and the Bubjaoent positive
strata are brought to light. A bar thus pre-
pared will behave like Galileo's steel iu the
presence of a common magnet.
Tuk American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science will hold its next meeting at
Detroit, Michigan, August 11th.
ECHANICAL PROGRESS
1 \jj
To Preserve Iron From Rust.— -The fol-
lowing composition is said to preserve iron
from rust. It is also applicable to other ma-
terials, such as stone or wood, used in con-
junction with iron or other metal, in the form-
ation of reservoirs or other works: Virgin wax,
100 parts; Galipoli, 125; Norwegian pitch, 200;
grease, 100; bitumen of Judea, 100; gutta-
percha, 235; red lead, 120; and white lead, 20.
parts; all of which, says the inventor, hare
their sp< cial value. Tbe materials are mixed
in a boiler in the order in which they are given,
the gutta-percha being cut up in small pieces,
or. rasped. The mixture must be well stirred
at each addition, and when homogeneous is
poured into molds, and looks like chocolate.
When used for preserving iron from rust, it is
melted and laid on with a brush; but for stop*
ping holes, etc., it must be in a pasty state. It
may also be used as a glue to fix a piece of
metal over a hole. For certain purposes, such
as stopping holes in large vertical metal sur*
faces, the composition is slightly varied, the
Galipoli being reduced to 115, the bitumen tn
90, and the red lead to 100, while 40 parts of
guni copal are added next to the gutta percha.
A Remarkable Lifeboat. — There has just
been exhibited at Hull, England, a new lifeboat,
patented by Messrs. Anderson and Burkin-
shaw, termed the "Reversible Lifeboat." The
inventors claim for it advantages which no
other lifeboat possesses, viz. , that it can neither
capsize after being launched from a vessel's
deck, nor can it sink. As its name implies, it
is top and bottom both alike, and if in launch-
ing, before it touches the water, it should,
by the rolling of the vessel, or any other cause,
turn over, there are thwarts- and seats running
round the side just the same as there would
have been had the boat gone in the other way
up. Whichever side the lifeboat takes the
water, when she is once afloat a couple of flaps
running the whole length will close and form
the bottom of the boat, and there is provision
for drawing a further flooring out, which will
rest upon strong beams. The usual appliances
of cork, air-tight cylinders, etc., are attached
for becuring great buoyancy.
Mechanical Triumphs. — Contributing, as
they do, to our most immediate and pressing
wants, appealing to the eye by their magnitude,
and even by their grandeur, and associated in
many cases with the warmest impulses of hu-
manity and personal safety, the laborB of the
mechanist and engineer acquire a contemporary
celebrity, whioh is not vouchsafed' to the
results of scientific research, or to the produc-
tions of literature and the fine arts. The
gigantic steam vessel which expedites and
facilitates the intercourse of nations, the canal
which unites two distant seas, the bridge and
the aqueduct, which span an impassable valley,
the harbor and the breakwater, which shelter
our vessels of peace and of war, the railway,
which hurries us along on the wings of me-
chanism, and the light beacon, which throws
its directing beams over the deep, address
themselves to the secular interests of every in-
dividual, and obtain for the engineer who in-
vented or who planned them, a high and well
merited popular reputation.— Macaulay.
Smelting Metals in Crucibles. — Messrs.
Lepet & Co., of Paris, have patented certain
improvements in the furnaces used in the
manufacture of cast steel and analogous manu-
factures, and particularly in relation to the
superheating of the air. It consists in the con-
struction and use of a metal superheating ap-
paratus kept at a proper temperature by a con-
tinuous ourrent of air; in the application of thh
same principle for the preservation of metal-
lurgic furnaoes by means of a double casing
with circulation of air, which it also super-
heats; and in the construction of a moveable
metal bottom or sole-plate to the furnace, by
the use of which the crucibles or pots are with-
drawn from the furnace promptly, easily and
without any danger.
Extraordinary Velocitf or a Projectile. —
The best result ever attained with any gun in
existence was arrived at on Tuesday last with
a 38-ton Woolwich gun, at the proof butts in
the government marshes, adjoining the Royal
Arsenal, Woolwich. The gun was being fired
to determine the proper proof charge for guns
of its class, and when disoharged with 150 lbs.
of gunpowder and an 800-lb. projectile it re-
corded the extraordinary velocity of 1,506 feet
per second, the pressure on the inner surface
of the gun at the same time remaining moder-
ate. This result is due to the use of the newly
designed cubical gunpowder, the grains of
which are cubes of 1% inch in diameter.— Iron,
April 17th,
The Best Steam Boiler.
It is certain that no one of the great number
of inventors and designers of new forms of
boilers can justly olaim for his improvement
that it is infallible, though niauy of them seek
to do bo. The reason is that in many oasea in
their construction the plainest teachings of ex-
perience in the making and use of boilers are
wholly disregarded, and almost as frequently
that tbe simplest laws of natural science are
ignored in their design.
At first thought it would seem that few things
could be easier than to make an iron vessel, to
fill it with water and to make any amount of
steam, but the faot lms strangely proved to be
that the very necessity of simplicity has been a
thousand times overlooked, and, instead, there
is presented a medley of chambers, pipes and
valves, concerning which the chief question is,
whioh is the most in the way of its neighbor?
Iron or steel is now recognized as the only
really available material for boiler work, and
as good iron will weld perfectly, the aim is, or
Bhould be, to use as few joinings of parts as
possible, except such as are welded. Many
boilers have been welded in every part through-
out, but for large work this becomes too costly
to be really admissible, as compared with other
methods of joining the edges of the plates.
It is obvious that if these edges cannot be
heated and so welded, the next best thing to be
done is to use hot rivets, by which the edges
may be fastened to each other. The rivets
while still hot and soft, being headed up by a
machine which closes them into the holes made
for them iu the plates, thns making a joint al-
most as solid as the unbroken iron itself. By
a judicious arrangement, too, of the rivets, and
by placing covering strips outside and inside of
the joint, the full strength of the edges is very
nearly maintained.
Still further, if welding be the true meanB of
joining the parts of the boiler, the use of thin
tubes iB greatly to be commended, for by the
very perfect welding machinery now used in
their manufacture, they can be produced cheap-
ly and perfectly. By means of them, too, the
heating surface, exposed to the hot gases from
the fire, can be immensely increased within the
given cubical area allotted to each boiler, as
compared with the surface of the same boiler
without tubes.
These two conditions seem to be insisted
upon by the requirements of the present state
of the art of steam engineering, namely, that
the boiler shall contain a very considerable
amount of water, and also that the heating sur-
face shall be as closely condensed as possible.
When the simplicity and strength of the struc-
ture are considered, and these are the vital
points, it will be found that in no way can these
be so amply secured as by the use of 'welded or
riveted plates and thin tubes, as already men-
tioned.
Many attempts have been made to design
boilers in which nothing but tubes should be
used, but the most serious trouble has proved
to be in the joining of the tubes* to each other,
or to the connections used between them. It
is quite safe to say thatno method has yet been
found for doing this, in these wholly tubular
boilers, that for any great length of time has
stood the test of -actual use and of current re-
pair.- -American Manufacturer.
Casting Metals.— Mr. 0. H. Holt, of Man-
chester, England, has patented an invention
which relates to the casting or running of steel
and other metals in a molten state into ingots
or other molds, is intended to insure more
solid castings, and is accomplished as follows:
In making ingots or castings, an air-tight cover
is fixed on the top of the mold with an aper-
ture for running the metal into the same either
through the cover or at other convenient point.
Connected with this cover is a tube or pipe with
stop valve oommuQicating with a vacuum
chamber. At the proper time the stop valve
is opened, and a communication is established
between the mold and the vacuum chamber, by
whioh means the air in the mold and the vapor
arising from the molten metal is instantly
drawn away; or the mold and box are fixed in
an air-tight chamber and the air and vapor
withdrawn as before described. The vaouum
may be established and maintained by an air
pump or other suitable known means.
Invention Wanted— $5,000 Reward Ofpeb-
ed. — R. W. Flower, Jr., president of the West
End street railway company of Philadelphia,
writes as follows: Believing that the horse has
served his time before the street car, and that
American ingenuity Bhould allow him to retire
before our Centennial anniversary, by invent-
ing some improved motor for street passsenger
railways, we offer $5,000 reward to any per-
son or persons who will invent, perfect and
present to this company any satisfactory device
that wilt propel our cars and can be used on
the streets of Philadelphia, provided it is ac-
ceptable to this company and its control placed
exclusively with us.
Cutting Glass Without a Diamond. — An
easy method of breaking glass to any required
form is by making a small notch, by means of
a file, on -the edge of a piece of glass; then
make the end of a rod of iron red hot in the
fire, apply the hot iron to the notch, and draw
it slowly along the surface of the glass, in any
direction you please; a crack will be made in
the glass and will follow the direction of the
iron. Round glass bottles and flasks may be
cut in the middle by wrapping round them a
worsted thread dipped in spirits of turpentine,
and setting it on fire when fastened on the
380
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 12, 1875
Sales at S. P. Stock Exchange.
FRIDAY, A. M., Jmra 4.
20 Alpha MX
115 Belcher ..-*«
265 Be, t& Bel 46.^(§M6
jM .do bl0..4K
515 Bullin 46@45
2B5 Baltimore 0. n ...5
40 Caltdonia 15>6
12 0 Oalift-rnia 60$^
1U0 ..do blQ..Mtf
60 ..do b 5..5yM
190 OholUr 80,w7T
145 Con Virginia... 420&4U}£
10 do b 10. .415
645 Crown Point 31>$@:ia
5ft do S3U..32
10 do b6..aa
15 Dajtou •■■•?
20 Kuipire Mill .■••-,'5
975 Gould Ai:urry,..]7JS(a)li
365HHle^Nor 39@J0
190 Imperial ^H®7.^
540 Julia ll@lllfc,
150 Kentuck ....WMWiji
60 ..do b30..l4
66 Knickerbocker 4@3^
2i5 Lad v Bryan 3jatfk
2b90 Mt-xicau 2\&®il'A
40 Ntw York 234
63 Occidental
2190 Lphir 57(g
10 ..do b 5..S1 .
9 J Overman 65@64
100 I'hi I Sheridan 75o
5 See. Be cher.
125 SHill
lb Savage
260 Si. rraNevada....ll«w)ll
275 Union 1&&H
50 ..do b&..6»
275 Utah 5?4@6
030 Woodville *J4@3?6
200 ....do b 1U..35S
100 ....do b 30.. 3ft
70 Yellow Jacket,.... 76#7~
AFTKBNOON 8ESBION.
610 Alps
50 American Flag 2J£
800 Andes i%@*%
630 Bulinont 2^ta)3>6
50 Condor 19fi
350 Cornucopia 1
1003 1 osmopolitan 50[gt45o
270 Eureka- Cud 74K@73
200 £1 Dorado South 1
1135 Kmpire I
1475 Gila 8Js@9
IS U Liold.-n Chariot. . ..V-vJ .1
100 do b30..*H
180 Ida JSllmore
S855 Jackson
7i0 jL'ffdrbon (i<i'.:J\.
600 KKOnn (J&®t%
30 Kossuth I '-I
185 Leopard 1*#@,12%
230 Lady Wan \%@W
180 Meadow Valley 6?
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
300 Alps 1
850 Andes 3&
125 American Flag...2^(S)2M
470 Belmont 3@3M
200 Condor VA
50 Co nncopia I
110 Cosmopolitan
100 .
I Eureka Con.
...Ii7«2ti5^
..b 30. .til
1
2M
8S7^
,b 30,.10Vg
1(10 El D .radoS.
700 Empire I
400 Gila
100 ..do _
1040 Golden Cnariot .3Jb@3!
55 Ida Ellmore %®%H
540 Jackson..- 2^@ajq
270 Jefferson WBTO
l/IOKKCon 't%(gi%%
25 Ko-suth \XA
450 Leopard Vi%©\2%.
25 Meadow Val 5^^6'i
80O Mansfield... ..25c
1150 Mahogany 12(0110
335 Mh ryland .7*0
100 Siagara.... ..55c
1310 Phoenix 2%&tlA
100 ....do b 30. .2*6
100 ....do bin .m
110 Pioche 3'4@3
450 Prussian 3@3M
700 Prospect 4%
320 Pauper 2>£@2!4
100 Pooiiuan »J£
90 Raymond &, Ely..4^@ 13
380 SCliariot 2J4©J>£
2 0S California 3
1250 Tiger 1
235 War Eagle 2&@3&
300 Wells-* argo 18ia)i7c
TUESDAY, a. m., June 8.
95 Alpha 17&
195 Am Flat 3&
270 Belcher YW&Xl
150 Best &, Belohur...45)n@45
6U do b 5. .45
415 Baliimore Con...4*(@4«
400 do b 30. Ah
225 Bullion 42^@43
20 Cbohar 77
290 Crown Point. ..31Ji@:i2^
210 Con Virginia.... 39S*@40l
45 Caledonia 15
1008 California 9?X<S)'S
iOt) do b 10. .58
100 Daney I
50 Dayton 3
185 (iould & Curry. 17M@i7,^
30 Hale & Norcro9,.39(2)3S>£
40 Lnoerial 7
5 Justice 95
630 Julia i)%m
!>0 Knickerbocker *i£
265Keniuck 14@lS->$
165 Lady Bryan 2&
'"" Mexican I8>$@l8
250 MaiiBfield 4U@37&
770 Matiogany 16-V.gl
450 Mammoth 30@35c
250 Mint 20c
20 Mainland. ___
5 Mo Belle 29
300 NCaison In
200 Niagara 60c
1530 Phoenix 2ja2'4
500 ....do b30..2?a
40 Pioche 2%
410 Pauper VS&ffiH
370 Pin-elan a(«i3>&
419 Poor.i.an.... 9&&y
145 Pro peot 4
600 .do b!0..4M
130 RayinondAEly..42@43,'i
50 do b30..43^
40 R^ Patch 2A
100 st Patrick 1H
270 South Chariot,. .2)fi@2!j
S80 S> ord 3&@1
500 S California 2.0)1^
3J0. Tiger 75c@i
500 "Weils-Fargo 15@luc
350 "War Eagle %&!%
SATURDAY, A. M.^JUNE 6.
3< ..di
50 ..do
20J New York...,
2 0 Occidental ..
155 nven
,.bl0..18^
■ "..18M
10 Eureka Con 69H
400 Empire 1 2K®2
3;0 Gila 6M@«r
100 ....do bDV..6:_
475 G Chariot 3M@3?6
50 ....do b 30.. m
100 Ida Ellmore 3
100 Illinois Oen 5#
590 Jefferson AtyPA
910 Jackson 2^!^
230 KKCon fi>*
8G0 Leopird 13@l2
40 Meadow Valley 6M
1100 Man-field 25c
200 Mammoth 32}£c
225 Mahoermy 13
100 N Belle s 30. .25
2721 Phcenix 2@2^
300 Prussian 3@3M
100 Panther l>a
50 Poorman .9
830 Prospect 4@5
50 Raymond & Ely.. s 30.. 41
50 Rye Patch 2
30 St Patrick \)6
500 S Chariot %&i
300 SCord;....-. 3
225 S Caliiornia...., 3
20:1 Tiger 87!$o
140 War Eagle 'A&iJb
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THIS COMPARED.
THURSDAY, a m.,Jttne . THURSDAY, a.m., June 10.
265 Andes 4@3-^
25 American Flat 3@3>£
20 Alta 4
715 Best* Belcher. AS(&a%
20 ...do b 30. .48
95 Belcher '-J7@27W
195 Baltimore Con... 4J|@4%
205 Bullion 44@12^
840 California 58.'*(a)58^
60 Chollar 76
210 Caledonia... ¥1
175 Crown Point 31@i0^
15 Con Virginia l05(($404
40 Challenge 5
205 Daytoc WkCdQ
50 Daney 50c
2ti0 (Jould &, Curry 17*
100 Hale & Sororoas "ft
14j Imperial QHfsfiX
ll) Justice 9n
170 Julia -10
25 Kentuck 13>$@13
10 Kossuth U£
100 Lady Bryan 3%
lfiO LadvWush \%
1150 Mexican lS.S^lS^
70 New York 89fl929t
2690 Ophir ....49@49»
50 do....b 5...49jSa50
1'0 .......do s9A..49j£
200 Overm-in ...61>|@b21£
10 Oecidental 3
430 RocTe Island 7
190 Savase 100
790 Sierra Nevada... .12@11>4
35 Seg Beluhor ,80a75
95 S Hj[l W*$
110 UDionCon fiS&Solf
350 Woodville W®:%
15 Yellow Jacket... 75>^@7b
....61^(3,62
..47,'t(ffl4«M
..biO.,47^
SW American Flat.
115 Belcher 28@27&
50 ..do b 5. .28
486 Beat & Belcher 45644
290 Bullion 46@44^
145 BjI Con 5<£43i
705 Crown Point. ..32.^33.^
80 ....do b 10^33%
H-5 California.... ..57
270 Chollar — .
30 Caledonia 15^@15
270 Con Virginia.. .405^412^
5'0 Dayton S!£@3
120 Daney I(atf5c
200 Eureka ('on..
200 Empire Mill..
5 EclinBe 1
125 Gould & Curry. ni4@l7!ir
140 Hale A Nor 38@39fe
250 Imperial 7*.
40 Julia 10%
10 Justice .1 '"
910 Jaoksoo 3J<$
215 Knickerbocker — :>»(o/4
95 Kenmck 13^@44
150 Lady Bryan 3J£@2J$
115 Meadow Valley. 6^(a"'
600 Mexican 2U^@!
40 ..do u 30..;
80 New York 3^
20 Occidental _
1715 Ophir 54@54,S
150 Overman
355 Rook Island
235 Ray& Kly ....42M@*3)4
195 SierraNevada....ll(gll^
35 Silver Hill 83^
190 Union <S%<&6%s
350 Utah 6
]&li "Woudvitle 3^@3^
20 Yellow Jacket.
Ili70 Ophir
100 ..do
300 Rock Island.
50 S Overman i->
i*0 S Nevada 11^
35 Seg Belcher 85
7u Succor 1!4
115 S Hill 8K@B.&
545 Union 7(a»6'<a
100 Utah 6
9(5 Woodville $%><&*&
50 YJacket 76<»15-u
AFTEENOON SESSION.
340 Alp-f 87^c@l
150 Andes 3?ii(«4
H90 Belmont :>' , <.' 0 -,
100 Condor 1
9i5 Cooinop lit in 50c
455 Eureka Con 6?;a69^
220 Empire t 'lH^i%
7>0 Q Chariot 37a@3}£
58") Gila fit$@t>M
100 ..do bl0..H4
25 Ida Ellmore i%
480 Jacttson 2^®2^
3>i0 Jefferson 5(g)4}<i
160 KKCon 6?att6!i
500 Kos-uth 1M
450 Leopard 12J£@12hi
30 Lady Washinaton....!^
110 Meadow Valley.. 6>s@69»
S-Ui Mahoguny I3@ll
300 Mammoth 37%c
9^5 Mansfield 22&@25e
2i'0 Mint 20c
'0 Maryland i'5o
20 N Belle 27^
200 North Carson 10c
50 Niagara 6iJ^o
137-- Pboenix 2>&gi2
50 Pioehe 3
50 PiooheW 2
150 Panther \%
■191 Poorman 9M@»
150 Prussian 3
5fitl Prospeot.*;,.... 4@4,'£
35 Ravmond &, ElV..42tqj4l.S
250 StP..trick VA@l%
100 SCord 3
130 S Chariot 2Xfe|2^
300 S California 3
300 Tiger 87!$0
55 War Eagle 2%
1150 Wells-Fargo 20@2>c
50 American Flat.
100 Andes 4H
180 Aloha lb}$@17J4
175 BestA Belcher.. 47@47'4
90 Baltimore Con f@5H
260 Belcher 28@28)s
fl'l Bacon •■■■■*'
440 Hullion 4B^@471£
25 Caledonia 16^
555 California 50',(5'ai^
662 Crown Poiur 30 ■v.@32
30 Chollar Potosi 77J5
50 Confidence 19
20 OoiiVlreinia b3..421
200 Daney 87i^c@l
1p4 Fmmre Mill 4,^a5
5 Eclipse 6
245 Gould & Curry.'7!i@17*i
100 .. do b30..17%
20 Hale & Norcross.37^@ltl
ISO Imperial <%($%
2-1 Juetice 101@!1U
60 Julia ll^s@la
M0 Knickerbocker. ...2®i%
100 Keniuck 14
30 K 'ssuth 1M
45 L;dv Bryan 3)4
300 Lady Wash V/i
50 Leo 75c
400 Mint 20c
1116 Mexican W@L2\b
270 New York..
1^0 Occ dental.
90 OGHill i
735 ophir 60@fil
345 Overman... 6@64
15) Rock Island 6@5,1^
30 Silver Hill.
2 0 Succor
212 --enator 75c
20 Savage 102,4
20 Siena Nevada. \\%
50 Tyler =..^6110
380 Union Cop.
50 Utah - .
IP81 Wo dville 3%fg> 4
200 do b 1U..34
30 Yellow Jacket , "
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
300 Alps •
2.50 Belmont
250 Cosino|>ol]tan
HOC CherryOreek
3t)ii Uornucopia 14
750 Condor \^iW%
204 Eureka Con Ki@71
300 EL DoradoS 1
150 Empire,! 2%®3
2205 «. olden Chariot.. 4Vi@44
325 Gila. %%®%%
420 Ida Ellmore 3%5)4
1155 Jefferson 9M@94
2700 Jrtcksou lWffllA
100 K KCou 6
430 Leopard 12^@lrf
710 Mahogany 16vai6^
lf.0 Meadow Valley 6Ja
40 Maryland 90@95o
70 Mansfield 4ftc
250 Niagara 60@624
IIO11 Prospect 4lA
200 Poorman 1
4u0 Panther \H
20J Prussian 3!ej@3?£
6^5 Phoenix l'Acu\i$
1120 Pauper 2?4"«2H
bO Raymond & Ely. 43#@4l
6 0 RyePaich 2
670 Silver Cord
100 St Patrick 14
3'0 South Chariot \%
500 Tiger 6'@t5o
715 War Eagle 3?4@34
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements In the Mining and Scientific Press and
other S. F. Journals,!
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Washoe 12
San Diego Co Cal 3
WVh/.e 8
Washoe 18
Wash e 5
Bear Valley Cal 5
ElyDiHtrict 11
Tdaho 17
WnBhoe 3
Waaboe 1
Washoe 22
Washoe 12
Washae 7
Wa-hoe 1
Washoe 10
Washoe I
Elko^oNev 17
Washoe 13
Washoe 4
Washoe 1
Washoe 29
Washoe 3
Ely District 9
Washoe 8
Washoe 8
Washoe 41
1 daho 9
Wasboa fi
Wa hoe
10
AFTEENOON SESSION.
260 Belmont. 4j|(a4
100 CheTy Creek \k
1170 Cosmopolitan 50c
20 Eureka Con 694^70
25 fcl Dorado S..... I
120 Empire 1 2
400 Golden Chariot.. 3^3!^
1070 GiU «
50 IdaEllmo.e 2M
200 Illinois Cen 53$
870 Jackson 2@2?b
2 0 KKCon 6<S)6i4
10 Leopard \l%
50 Mahogany 11
820 Mansfield 25c
200 Meadow Valley 64
400 Niagara 624c
640 Phcenix \%W-
600 Prospect 7^44
140 Poorman 84
100 Pmiher \%
170 Rav & Ely 4l(oi40
P5 Rye Patch 2@'IM
100 St Pa lick 14
450 S Chariot 2
300 Tiger 75o
150 War Eaule iH'tflH
150 Wells-Fargo....l5&174o
Company.
Belmont M On
Caledonia JMOo
Chariot Mill & M Co
Dayton G & S M Co
Empire M & M Co
Eureka M A S Co
Gold Mt G M Oo
Buhn & Hunt S M Co
Ida Ellmore M Oo
Iowa M Co
Jacob Little Onns M Co
Julia G & S M Co
Knickerbocker M Oo
Lady Hryan M Oo
Leviathan M Oo
Mint G ASM Co
Nevada GiSMCo
Nevada Land & M Co,
New York Cons M Co
New York M Oo
NiiearaCfeS M Co
Ophir S M Co
original u-ld Hill M Co
Pioche S MOo
Rock Island G A, S M Oo
Savage M Co
Sierra Nevu da S M Oo
Silver Cor I M Oo
Silver Hill MOo
Utab S M Co
OTHER COMPANIES
Alhambra Q M Oo Sonoma Co Cal 1
Benjamin MA M Co Lvon Co Nevada 2
Champion ' ons M & S Co Nevada 1
Onerokee Flat Blue Gravel MOo Cal 31
ChrysopolisG AS MOo Washoe 10
Coe G m Co Grass Valley Oal 1
Combination G A S M Co Inyo Co Oal 6
cherry Cr*ek M A-M Co Nev 3
Cordillera G A S M Co Mexico
Edith QM Co Cal 4
El Dorado Slate Oo Cal 2
El Dorado W A D G M Oo Oal _
Empire A Middlet'm UousQMOo Cal 1
EnWrorise Cons M Co Calaveras Co Cal 3
Equitable Tannel A M Co Utan 10
Florence M Co Humboldt Co Cal 2
Geneva Cons S M Co Nevada
Gold Run M Oo Washoe 12
Golden Gate M Co Utah 1
UnUoSMOo Inyo Oo Oal 1
Illinois Central M Oo Idaho 3
Lake O . Quicksilver M Co Cal 6
Los Prietos M Co Cal 3
Martio A Walling M A M Co Oal
Minnie Tunnel A M Co Utah 1
Norlh Carson S M Co 1
Northerly Five-Cent Hill MOo Oal 2
New York Cons M Co Washoe 13
Omega Table Mt M Co Oal 5
Omega Table Mountain M Oo Oal 6
Orleine M Oo Grass Valley Cal 5
Orleans MOo Gras* Valley Cal 4
Pioneer Uone M* Co Eureka Nev
Location. No. Amt. Levied. Delinq'nt. Sale.
Nye Oo Nevada ft 100 May 10 June 14 July 6
~ 3 00 May 10 June 12
25 April 17 May 22
1 00 June 8 Jolv 15
1 00 May 23 ~
6 June 1
60 May 1
60 May 7
1 00 April 29
10 May 13
10 May 31
2 00 May 12
1 50 April 27
1 00 May 10
50 May 29
20 May 12
25 June 3
V0 May 14
1 00 April 22
1 00 April 22
50 April IS
2 00 May 14
50 .'nne 4
1 00 May 3
1 00 Mav 19
6 00 April 27
1 00 Mav 3
1 00 April 24
2 00 June 8
2 00 June 7
July 2
July 9
June 5
June 15
June 4
June 14
June 10
June 15
Mav 29
June 10
Joly6
June 16
Jily8
June 19
May 25
May 25
Mav 19
June 17
July 9
June 10
June 21
May 31
June 5
May 31
July 14
July 9
July 1
June 14
Aug 5
July 21
July 31
Julyl
JulyS
June 25
July 7
July 20
JulyS
June 18
June 29
July 28
July 9
July 27
July 8
June 12
June 12
June 8
July 8
July 28
Julyl
Joly 12
June 19
June 21
June 21
Aug 4
July 30
Secretary. Place of Business.
O H Bogart 402 Montgomery ft
414 California at
4lt< California st
419 0-liiornia st
419 California 9t
308 California at
513 Californiast
409 California at-
402 Montgomery st
605 Clay st
330 Pine st
419 California at
Stevenson's Bid?
419 California at
R Wegener
F Swift
W ttD?-;m
W E Dean
A O Ryce
J P Cavalller
T L Kimball
O B Hlggins
A D Oarpenter
W R Townsend
A Noel
J H Sayre
F Swift
F E L»ty
D A Jennings
Jospph Mnguire
Wm H Watson
H O Kibbe
H O Kihbe
vr R Townsend
J Marks
W M H-lman
O E Elliott
J W 1 lark
E B Holmes
R Wegener
C B Hi (.'gins
W E Dean
WE Dean
foroia. st
4'9 California at
35? Montgomery st
419 Ca iforniast
419 California st
3 .0 Pine st
419 California st
401 California st
419 Californiast
418 California at
4'it California st
414 California st
402 Montgomery st
419 Caliiornia st
419 Californiast
NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Red Jacket M Co
Rocky Bur M Co
>q irplon S M Co
Silver Central C»nsM Co
Silver Sprout M Co
South Overman S M Oo
Idnho
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Cal
Washoe
Starr King S M Co Elko Co Nevada 1 1
Tahle Mountain Alpha M Co Cal
Umpire Tunnel A M Oo Utnh
Union GrnvelM Co Nevada Co Oil
Virginia Con* M Co Inyo Co Cal
Wcavervilje D A II M Co Cal
Wm Peun Cons G A S M Oo Washoe
Nevada Co Cal
Calaveras Co Oal
May 10
Aonl 14
May 7
April 23
May 7
April 23
6 10 April 22
8 25 May IS
10 MayS
4 25 June 3
2 25 April 26
9 10 00 June 3
10 April 17
10 May 24
25 May 12
10 M*yl5
25 Mayl3
15 June 5
5 April 28
10 June 4
75 May 21
10 May 10
25 June 2
60 April 24
5 Anril28
25 Msiyl2
2' May 31
1 00 April 22
14 April 30
5 Jnne 8
2 00 May 30
1 00 April 27
10 May 18
50 May 21
10 April 22
25 May 26
5 May 10
5 Feb 17
50 May 11
25 May 21
10 J one ft
5 M'iy20
1 00 May 8
10 *pril21
1 00 M...v 4
6 May 19
35 May 1 1
10 Apiil27
Jnne 10
May 22
July 6
Mav 29
June 10
May 26
May 27
June 21
June 18
Julv 19
May 27
July 8
May 28
June 30
June 16
Jnne 10
June 14
July 12
June 1
July 3
June 21
June 18
July 9
May 25
June 1
June 16
JulyS
May 2*
June 5
July 13
July 6
June 1
June 23
June 25
May 27
June 30
June 15
April 17
June 12
June 26
July 18
Julyl
June 14
June 1
June 7
June 28
June 12
June 3
June 16
June 14
July 24
June 19
June 29
June 16
June 18
July 15
July 3
Aug 11
June 11
July 22
June 17
Julv 17
July 7
Julv 7
June 30
July 30
June 22
July 21
July 12
July 5
July 31
June 15
June 22
July 7
July 19
June '2
June 28
Aug 2
Jaly23
June 22
July 13
Joly 1«
June 17
July 21
July 6
June 17
June 29
July 17
Aug 2
Aug 2
July 6
June 28
Juiy7
July 20
June 30
June 21
MONDAY,
. M., JUME 7,
10 Alpha 174
45 Am Flat 4fc
470 Belcher 26^@27
220 BestA Bel 44@434
100 ..do b30..44
110 Bullion 433H4
245 Baltimore Con 44
640 Con Virginia 400@405
670 Crown Point 33@31
70 Cnolla- 76@Ti&
915 California 5ti4«'"
100 ....do bJ
20 Caledonia
50 Daney 50c
100 Doyion 3
300 Empire Mill 4-:, -1 i1-,
5 Eclipse s30..b
80 Gould A Curry.. 17@I7^
12S Hale A Nor 38
125 Imperial
200 ..do b 30.
5 Justice !
25 Ki-ntuck 134
35 Kn'ckerbocker..3%(o)3%
60 Lady Br - an 2ft @3
65 L.dy Wash lJt
1560 Mexican 18@I8,4
180 ....do ....b 3ii. .184
245 New York 2tf@*7*
300 ..do b 30. .2%
30 Occidental 34
960 Upbir
275 Overman . . .
1140 Rock Island
130 SierraNevada 11
8< Savage 100
100 Sen 1 tor ""
45 SegBflcher 90(
170 Su-cor 14'3
145 Silver Hill 84&
515 Union Con 04(316%
5i ....do b5..D4
10i' Utah 6
1275 Wojdv.Ue
WEDNE3DAYA.M. June 9.
'7^
..21(0)274
10 do
..b 10. .51
10 ......do
...li5..49
20 Baltimore Con
■■i^'^-i
90 Chollar
420 Crown Point..
. .32&314
12i Con Virginia..
408
5J ....do
.b 30.. 410
..5tl-V«-.liO
100 ....do
.b5..594
20 Yellow jacket 7b 200 Condor
50 Caledonia.
811 Dayton 3
370 Empire Mill 4!4@l4
519 would A Curry 18,4'a>lS9if
50 Hale A Noroross 30.4
6«i0 Imperial 67£i(gl6^
305 Julia 10ty)9^
35 Justice 9S
25 Knickerboi-ker 3.4
15 Kentuck U
200 Laay Bryan 2&
270 do b5..3
3)0 Mint 20o
0b0 Mexican 2I@21?f
3H ....do b3U..2i
100 New York 24
50 Occidental 3
3200 Ophir 56§684
50 ..do b 30. ..584
30 Overman 61@fii.4
120 Pnil Sheridan. .Gi&®Mo
150 Rooklalund 7
20 Savage 1U0@101
190 Sierra Nevada. ..U&@12
300 SHill 7^tg,84
15 Sl'-'. Belohef 85
30 Succor 1M
575 Union Con 7@74
65 Utah 5*j
6i5 Woodville 3@34
100 ....do b30..34
40 Yellow Jacket... 75j£®7ti
AFTERNOON SESSION.
100 Alps.... 75o
95 American Flig 24
230 Andes 3?a<a)4
v*;5 Belmont 34(4)34
2325 Cosmopolitan 75@50o
Mining Stocks.
The mining stock market this week shows
rather a falling off in strength than an
advance. It was supposed that dividend days
and the opening of the new stock board would
perhaps raise prices a little, but these circum-
stances have failed to do so. There was a little
spurt in Ophir, California and Consolidated
Virginia on Wednesday, but this was probably
only temporary. There ia considerable oppo-
sition between the three stock boards now in
operation in this city, but it has not seemed
to help prices at .all. At the session of the
"Old Board" on Wednesday, under the reso-
lution iucieasing the membership from eighty
to one hundred, Wm. Sharon, J. P. Jones, J.
C. Flood, B. F. Morrow, J. D. Fry, W. S.
O'Brien, Alexander Austin, G. M. Pinney, R.
C. Hooker, O. N. Felton and H. H. Scott were
elected to seats, and the remaining nine will be
filled to-day. The usual formaliiy of a ballot
was dispensed witb, the Secretary casting the
vote. Each one of these gentlemen pays $25,-
000 for his place. George M. Pinney is also a
member 01 the Exchange, and as there now are
two in the board who are members of both
bodies, some action will doubtless be taken by
the older organization on the matter, The Ex-
change is indifferent about the subject, and
will let the old board take the initiatory steps.
Latest dividends and assessments can be seen
by reference to our 'Shareholders' Directory,"
and latest priceB of stocks, by referring to our
stock tables.
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed certificates of
incorporation in the County Clerk's office at San Fran-
cisco: *
East Ophih 8. M. Oo. — June 7th. Location: Storey
county, Nevadn. Trustees— Alpheus Bull, O. M. Peck,
Charles J. Collins, J. F. Atwill, and H. K. West. Cap-
ital, $10,000,000.
California Rifle Association.— June 7th. Object:
To encourage rifle practice, to promote a system of aim-
ins, drill, and target firing among the National Guard
of the State, and to provide a suitable range for the use
of the members of the Association. Trustees— D. W.
O. Thompson, James Coey, Henry G-. Shaw, John Mc-
Comb, David Wilder, George Humphrey, Henry J.
Burns, E. H. Pardee, Sheldon J. Kellogg, Jr., Philo
Jacoby, and John B. Griswold. This corporation has
no capital stock.
Revenue M. Co. — June Oth. Location: Owyhee
county, Idaho. Trustees— A.. K. P. Harmon, O. L. Wel-
ler, Robert Sherwood,- George M. Pinney, and S.E.
Holcombe. Capital, $6,00'),0U0.
OHianUL GenesseeM. Oo.— June 9th. Looation: Lyon
county, Nevada. Trustees— Wm. M. Stewart, James
Morgan, Louis Aldrich, J. R. Hardenbergh and W. W.
1 Foote. Capital, $10,000,000.
Name of Co.
Alpha Con" M Co
B o .k!> Q M Co
Chrysopolis (U S M Co
(irown Point G ASMOo
Gover M Co
Ladv Bryan MOo
Mahogany M Oo
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Location. Secretary. Office in S F.
Washoe Wm Willis 414 California, at
Washoe J T Million 302 Mo<tcoinery at
. Called by Directors *19 Onlif r iast
Washoe CEEIliolt
WO Wilson
Washoe Called hy Trustees
Idnho Called by Trustees
Mammoth S M Oo White Pine Co Nev D A Jennings
Mineral Fork M & S Co Ulah R B Noyes
Miser'* Dream S M Oo W F R -chindler
Mosquiio HiQMCo Butte Oo Cal Ohas S Healey
M 'numontal M Co W R Townsend
Pauper MOo Idaho Oalled by Trustees
Pride of Washoe G & S M Co Washoe Wm E Moody
Ronton Coal Co Washington Ter S A Sanderson
Silver Hill VT("o Washoe W E D an
Star Cons MOo Nevada Hen R Spinney
Wheeler M Oo Nevada J Campbell
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING
Name of Oo. Loeation. Secretary. Office in S. F,
Washoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal w L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe Ohas H Fish
Washoe OE Elliott
N. C. Fa-set.
CaI D a Jennings
Nev WWTraylcr
Frank Swift
C A Sankey
R H Brown
Nevada Cha- S Neal
Nevada D F Verdenal
Belcher M. Co.
black Bear Quartz
Chariot ,M & M Oo
Co' s Virerioia M Oo
Crown Point M Co
Diana M Oo.
Empire M Co
Eureka Con -"^li dated M Co
Excelsior M A M Co
Jeff^ronSMOo
Leopard H Co
Manhattan S M"Co
Rye Patch M Co
419 Californiast
402 Front st
419 California at
•I"; M 'nl'pY St
401 Californiast
419 California 8t
63-5 ('alifornia si
Merchant »' Ex
330 Hine Bt
402 Mont'gy Ft
442 California st
421 Montgomery et
419Califr>rn a et
320 California st
2i£ California st
419 California st
4i9 California st
401 Californiast
414 California at
220 <,iiiv st.
401 Calif .rnUst
419 California st
4l9 I'aliforniast
331 Montgomery at
419 Californiast
409 Californiast
R Von Pflster
Merchants' Ex
401 California it
J M Burlington
311 California ac
O H Bogart
402 Montgomery it
419 Californiast
A Noel
A Treadwell
531 California st
D Wilder
Me'ebants' Ex
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Henry R Reed
Wm Stuart
321 Washington st
M . Leidesdorff st
Huph Ehas
4Ui Montgomery at
H Eiias
413 Montgomery at
J G Riley
432 Montgomery et
418 Kearny st
C S Healy
Merchant-' Ex
J E Dele van
220 Montgomery st
302 Monti-omerv st
O O Palmer
41 Market st
Merchants' Ex
33) Montgomery at
TtH Brown
402 Montgomery at
Andrew Baird
316 Californiast
S H Smith
6 Montgomery At
B F Hi.kox
408 Californiast
H B Oongdon
Merchants "Ex
Nathan t ejfih
410 Californiast
J M Bnffington
311 Californiast
HOKbbe
419 Californiast
D Wilder
Merchants' Ex
David Wilder
Merchants' Ex
G P Thurston
315 Californiast
31S oiiliforn last
C S Neal
419 Californiast
Wm Willis
4'9 California at
513 Ca- iforniast
G R Spinney
320 California a*
330 Pine at
318 California rt
D Wilder
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
401 Californiast
Wm Sqiall
531 California st
320 California st
T K Wingard
318 Calitorniaet
F H Rogers
330 Pine st
J F Popn
421 Montgomery st
J M Buffington
311 Californiast
L Hermann
Merchant*' Ex
Meeting. Date.
June 21
June 15
Special
July 7
June 7
June 8
Special
July!
June 7
Annual
June 7
Annual
May 31
June SI
June 8
Speci.l
Julyl
Special
June 30
Annual
IfsyH
Jnne 17
Annual
June 1
INCORPORATIONS.
Amount. Payable.
8 00 J»n 11
25 May IS
• *l Nov 16
10 00 Juno 11
2 00 Jod12
1 00 .Ian . 25
50 M»rl5
1 00 June 1
1 00 April '»
50 May 15
50 June 15
1 (10 May 15
SO Mar 5
;INING SUMMARY.
The following ia mostly condensed from Journals pub-
lished in the interior.in proximitv to. the mines mentioned
California.
ALAMEDA.
LrvEEMoEE Coal Mink.— Livermore Enter-
prise, June 5: The prospects at the Livermore
coal mine are increasing more and more each
day as work is pushed ahead. A large winze,
for the purpose of ventilation, has been sunk,
and only a few feet further will be required to
connect it with the main shaft. The latter has
reached the depth of 300 ft, and the timbering
is being done preparatory to running side drifts
and Btoping. A fine sump remains at the bot-
tom of the main shaft. We expect to report
next week the shipment of coal to market.
CALAVERAS.
Tmolus— Good Bock. — Calaveras Chronicle,
June S: Thirteen and a half tons of rock taken
from the Tmolos mine, in the Jesus Maria dis-
trict, yielded 59 ounces of amalgam. That is
an average of something over $30 per ton,
pretty good considering that the rock was taken
from a depth of only about 50 ft. The ore was
packed on mules to the mill on the Austrian
mine to be worked. If a less expensive method
of transportation could be devistd, or a mill
erected on the mine, the Tmolos would prove
very remunerative.
Late Valuable Disoovebies.— There can be
seen at this office samples of pure asbestos and
Boapstone which are of the finest texture we
have yet seen. The soapstone is cased in soft
granite. The ledge is about three feet in width.
Blocks of any desired size oan readily be pro-
cured. Messrs. Schrack and Robinson are the
discoverers, but we are not informed where the
deposits are located.
West Point Disteict. — A mule train is
packing a lot of rioh ore from Briggs & Oo. 'a
mine to the crest of North Fork ridge, whence
it will be hauled to custom mills. Some 60
tons of ore from the Champion has been
hauled to Carlton's mill. It is reported that
very favorable developments have been made
in the Mina Bica. The Enterprise mill is run-
ning pretty 6teady. The Anderson Flat mine
is turning out very rioh ore, which is 18 inches
wide. The ore is heavily sulphuretted bnt
every particle of it shows free gold. A shaft is
being sunk on the Good Faith which will oon-
nect with the main tunnel for the double pur-
pose of ventilation and to facilitate stoping.
The width of the ore in the Josephine has not
been ascertained yet. The ore now being
crushed exceeds the expectation of the owners
by at least 25 per cent.
CONTRA COSTA.
Gold and Silvee Mine. — Contra Oosta Ga-
zette, June 5: It is reported that rook contain-
ing gold and silver has been found near La-
fayette; but, as the assay shows only some $14
or $15 per ton value in the rock, it will not be
likely to encourage very expensive prospecting
unless the mine promises to afford a large body
of ore, of whioh we believe there is no as-
surance.
EL DORADO.
Ditoh Peoseess. — jlfounfain Dmwrat, Jan»
5: Operations on the nev ditoh are progress-
June 12, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
381
log very Fmootbly aud satisfactorily. From
1,200 to 1.400 bunds are at work, of whom
about one-half are white men and one-halt*
Chinamen.
At Wobk.— The batter; of the Woodside
mine, Greenwood, started np laat Tuesday,
with flattering prospeots for a prum or run sea
son. We are assured by competent judges
that the sol ['burets from the Wood side mine
are immensely rich.
Mining Emtebpbihb. — At the 8t. Louis— for-
merly known as the Manning— mine, heavv ma-
chinery for pumpiug and hois' ing works isb ing
delivered an J put in place, with a view to athor-
oii,h testing and development of the mine.
A splendidly timbered shaft with three coiu-
p^rtujentH is down 90 fe< t, at which depth
there is a large, well defined and widening
ledge of floe milling ore, but the flow of water
was too great for the tmull pump and light
machinery formerly in u-e. This mine is
principally owned by St, Lonis capitalists of en-
terpiise and abaadaut menus. C. P. Johnson,
late of Springfield, Mm-o iri, is superinten-
dent, and a brief acquaintance has been suffi-
cient to convince us that be is the light aian
in the right place, one of tho-e energetic,
thorough going business men of wbom oar
miuing interests have stood much in need, a
man of smod judgment, lar^e information,
much shrewdness, aud with an unlimited sup-
ply of "sand in his craw." Under h s manage-
ment of the St. Louis mine we feel hopeful that
our people will barn what ihey have long
been anxious to know, whit there is in the
quartz of our section at the depihd where the
mines of other districts have yielded their best
pay. We are in no degree fearful as to the
ultimate result if Johnson holds his grip and
is properly sustained by his company.
FRESNO.
Spkckkhman Quartz Mine.— Fresno Exposi-
tor, Jane 2: We understand that Win. Speck -
erman has bonded bis quartz mine, near Ciane
valley, to a San Fraucisco company. The
company are to work the mine at their
own expense, and give Mr. Speckerman one-
fourth of the proceeds. This mine is supposed
to be quite valuable. It was discovered some
four yearn ago, and Mr. Speckerman has
worked it from time to time with varying suc-
cess. The quar'z is of a decomposed nature
and shows considerable gold, but the gold,
owing to the presence of some mineral, does
not seem to have an affinity for quicksilver It
is generally supposed that with scientific work-
ing the ore will pay largely. The company
propose to extract the ore by contract.
INYO
Lida Vallet. — Cor. Inyo Independent, June
5: Lida is little spoken of, now a days. There
never was muoh blowing about it, but now it
seems that we are to take a place among the
places more favorably known, as the Lida
milling and mining property has been incor-
porated; capital stock $3,000,000. Gold Moun-
tain mines have also b«en incorporated for ihe
same amount. Similar steps have been taken
with the Montezuma mines. It is expected
that active operations Will be commenced by
all those companies soon; should this be a
reality, this summer may prove to be a lively
one. However, those camps do not entirely
depend npon those companies.
Panamint Distbict Items. — Panamint News,
June 1: In the Kennedy tunnel, in the Wyo-
ming mine, a magnificent development has been
made of v^rv high grade ore. assaying from
$114 to $1/100 per ton. This tunnel is run
from the east side in the red mountain. This
ledge is certainly wonderful, tracings and open-
ings having been made upon it for a distance
of nearly three miles, and there seems to be
very little if any diminution either in the class
of ore or width of vein. On the north side of
Surprise canon we find that the workings in
all the mines show a decided improvement iu
every respect. In the light of reoent develop-
ments the croakers of Panamint have entirely
subsided, and nothing now remains but to put
into operation our mill-*, send out the bullion
and prove to the world that the Panamint
mines are capable of eolipsing the productions
of any other mines on the coast, not excepting
the "nig bonanzas" of Nevada,
NEVADA.
New Yoek Hill.— Grass Valley Union, Juna
6: Friday evening the new pump on the New
York Hill miue was started np, and the "hand
power" force were discharged. The new pump
is an eight inoh, which is large enough for all
the water they expect to find. The specimens
are still coming out thick and fast. "We saw
several fine specimens at the bank yesterday,
all of which have been taken out within a day
or two.
Cincinnati Hill. — This well known mine,
•which has been worked as far back as 1854, but
which has remained idle f r some time, has
begun to show life again. The machinery that
need to be on the William Penn mine is now
being erected on the shalt, which is 100 feet
deep. Forty loads of rock, which it is estima-
ted by expert-t will yield from $50 to $75 per
load, have already beeu taken out, and there is
plenty more in sight, which stimulates the
owners with renewed confidence.
Pittsbubg Mink. — Splendid specimen rock
is now being taken out of this mine. Last
Thursday they struck quite a bonanza. The
Pittsburg is quite a good piece of property.
Osceola. — This enterprise has again started
np and the owners are busily engaged in clear-
ing at the old tunnel, and in repairing their
shaft. Already they have taken out some good
rook, whioh is very encouraging to them.
Labimeb'b Mill.— This old mill, whioh has
crushed out so many tons of rook, is now about
to enlarge its capacity, in order to meet the in-
creasing demand, for there Are hundreds of
tons of rook that now await crushing. The
stamps have heretofore been ran by water
power, bat the water seems to be getting
f-ca-ce, aud bo to insure u constant operatiou,
some hteatn machinery that used to be in Eu-
reka South has been purchased, and will b
used by this mill. Tho foundation has already
been lnid and the boilers set, and the rest is
being placed in position as rapidly as possible
Ten mure stamps will be added. When the
water becomes short, the steum will furnish
the motive power, and so the precious met»l
will flow in a ceaseless stream from its
ba teries.
Omaha. — We were yesterday shown a speci-
men that was carelessly picked up from the
dump of the Om «ha, in which we saw a large
amount of free gold and plenty of sulphurets.
There are forty loads of rock at the Lirtiner
mill now being put through the siampB, eighty
more at the mine awaitiug transportation, and
before this is crushed they will have enough
more ready to swell the number of loads to at
least 125. Tne Omaha oompauy h*ve com-
menced to erect machinery on their works.
They have purchased machinery formerly
owned by the Enterprise gravel mining com-
pany, who used to operate at Buena Vista.
The machinery will be running in about thirty
days from date. The Omaha shaft is down
300 feet.
PLACER.
Will it Pat?— Placer Herald, June 5: This
question has often been asked in reference to
the enterprise now beiog prot-eouted with so
much vigor by the Auburn gravel mining and
ditch company. From what we know ot the
country, aud from what we have heard, we had
believed it would prove a good investment.
From what we have recently seen this belief
has been very much strengthened. While on
the ground a few days ego, we witnessed the
washing of three pans of dirt, taken, as we
saw, promiscuously from three places on
Grizzly hill. Those three pans yielded, at the
very lowest estimate, fifty colors, visible to the
naked eye, from the size of a pin-head down.
Sections of this hill, we heard_ an old miner
say, would pay $10 a day to the man with
sluioes. What, then, will be the result when
worked by hydraulic? The company intend to
begin washing on this hill, which, though com-
paratively shallow, is, so far as they know,
supposed to be the richest. From this hill they
are sanguine of getting out every dollar they
have put into the enterprise, and it is but a
garden patch compared with the broad field of
deep gravel lying before them. These are the
indications at present as to whetberit will pay.
They will, if all goes well, begin washing by
the first of July next, and in a month or less
from that time we will know more about it.
Chrome. — The work of extracting ore on
the Chrome mine has been begnn iu earnest.
It is, we understand, being raised as fast as
two four-horse teams can haul it to the station,
or ftt the rate of from eight to ten tons per day.
SONOMA.
Local Items. — Russian Biver Flag, June 3:
The secoud farnace for the California borax
company will be finished in about ten days.
The kiln of brictt for the furnaoe of the Great
Eastern (Guerneville district) will be fired next
week.
The Mt. Jackson continues to yield good
ore and plenty of it, but the furnace fails to
give satisfaction. It will probably soon be re-
modeled.
M. S. Bush, superintendent of the Annie
Belcher, informs us that that mine will resume
work June 20th.
The Hurriet, adjoining the Annie Beloher,
owned by Jno. Goldthorpe and John Knight,
has developed good metal. About 500 tons is
now on the dump.
STANISLAUS.
Another. Minino Company Fobmed. — Stan-
islaus News, June 4: There was a meeting of
those wh.» had subscribed to the formation of
the Modesto mining oompany at this place last
Saturday. The meeting was called to order by
J. J. Sorivner; J. D. Spencer ejected Chairman,
and J. J. .Borivner Secretary. A majority of
the members being prevent the company pro-
ceeded to perfect a temporary organization,
which was done by the election of five direc-
tors, consisting of Jud^e Schell, A. Hewel, J.
R. McDonald, Thomas Farrell and J. D. Spen-
cer. On motion, J. W. Hous'on was elected
Treasurer. There are fifiy-four members of
the company, and all have signed an agreement
to pay assessments to the amount of $100 each,
to be used, if deemed necessary, in the loca-
tion, prospecting and development of mines in
this county.
TRINiTY.
Cinnabab. — Trinity Journal, June 5: James
Mullane was in town this week and informs us
that everything in the Cinnabar district is pros-
pering. Ly tie and Hawkett are retorting about
40 tanks of quicksilver per week, having already
shipped over 200 tanks. They have been un-
able to procure tanks enough and are compelled
to make troughs from logs, in which to put the
quicksilver as it flows from the retorts. In the
mine the ore is constantly improving. Mullane
is packing out from 7 to 8 tons of concen-
trated ore ppr week. H. C. Wilt is working
his claim, while Superintendent Dickinson has
started a tunnel on the Bonanza mine on the
east t-ide of Crow creek.
BrvEB Mining. — Seven companies of white
men are preparing to work in Trinity river,
just above Lewiston, this summer. Many other
places along the river will be worked this sea-
son, as the low stage of water is more favorable
than ever before and there is little else to do
anyway.
Copper Mine. — Ten or twelve years ago a
copper lode was discovered in Trinity Center
dis'rict, ab>ut four miles from the Carr place,
and on the opposite Bide of the liver. Several
shafts were sunk along the ledge to the depth
of 30 or 40 ft, but could not be sunk deeper on
account of water. From these shafts rich ore
was taken and many large pieces of almost pure
oopper were found. The locators, finding it
impossible to work the lode through shafts,
sturied a tunnel with which they expected to
tap the vein 200 ft below the surface, in run-
ning a distan e of 250 ft. This tunnel was in
very hard rock, so hard that not more than one
foot a day could be mude; expenses were so
heavy the owners were compelled to abandon
the project aft^r the tunnel was in a distance of
140 ft. Since then nothing has been done at
the mine. Recently John Martin, Armentrout,
Trotter and others have relocated the lude and
tunnel right, and intend to run the tunnel to
the ledge. Provision, tools, powder, fuse, etc,
have teen fient to the mine, and operations will
commence at once.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Cons. Vibginia. — Gold Hill News, June 3:
D ily yield, 600 tons of ore, keeping the mills
all ruuning up to their full working capacity.
The ore breasts are looking well and yielding
the usual amount of good ore. The joint east
cross-cut on the 1400-ft level is steadily advanc-
ing, not yet having reached the east wall of the
ore vein.
Ophib. — Daily yield, 150 tons of ore. This
ore is being mostly extracted from the 1465-ft
level. At the depth of 47 ft, perpendicularly,
belo.w the 1600 ft level, the winze being sunk
has been connected v-ith the southwest drift
from the east shaft, affording a fine circulation
of good air, and greaily aiding the development
in that portion of the mine. The bottom of
the winze and drift also were in fine ore when
the couneotiowwas completed.
Bullion, — Cleaning out the old incline be-
low the 800-ft level preparatory to sinking it
on down to connect with the north drift on the
1700 ft level, for prospecting and air purposes,
has been commenced, and is making favorable
progress. The body of quartz developed on
the 800-ft level still continues of a very en-
couraging character.
Obiginal Gold Hill.— The ore body devel-
oped by the cross-cuts ^rom the south drift
opens out finely, and everything will soon be
ready for ore extraction and milling.
Chollab-Potosi. — Daily yield of ore 65 tons,
the assay value of which is $28 per ton. Sink-
ing the main incline is making fair progress.
Beloheb. — Daily yield of the mine, up to
this morning, 500 tons of ore. The ore breasts
throughout are looking well.
Baltimore and Amebioan Flat. — The crosj
drifts on the 754-lt level have developed some
fine bodies of quartz and* low grade ore, but
nothing that will yet pay for milling. The
cross drifts on the 850 ft level have not yet de-
veloped any considerable body of quartz or
ore.
California. — The completion of the air
winze from the 1400 ft level to connect with the
upraise from cross-cut No. 3, has greatly im-
proved the air circulation in the south portion
of the mine, adding speed and comfort to all
the prospecting now being done in that sec-
tion.
Cosmopolitan. — The Hope mill is kept
steadily running at the rate of 25 tons per day
on ore from the stopes above the tunnel level.
Justice. — The oroas-euts from the main drift,
at the 400 ft level, from the south mine, as well
as the winzes below it, show a good amount of
ore developed and indioate a large ore body.
Best & Beloheb. — The Burleigh drills in the
faoe of the main south drift on the 1700-ft level
are advancing at the rate of about 15 ft per
week, the rock in the face still being of a very
tough, hard character.
Cbown Point. — Daily yield, between 500 and
600 tons of ore. There is no change to report
of either the appearance or yield of the ore
breasts.
Senator. — Some very fine looking quartz has
been met with in the drift this week, giving en-
couraging assays. The machinery is all right
and operating finely.
Jacob Little Cons. — The good ore devel-
oped by the main west drift, as well as by the
cross drifts, is accumulating on the dump,
ready for milling as soon as required.
ELY DISTRICT.
Amebioan Flag. — A letter of the 2d says:
Ore in the third level still looks encouraging,
but the ore body is lessening in i-ize.
-Meadow Valley. — The weekly letter of June
1st Bays: The east drift, 1200-ft level, has been
Advanced 8 ft, making its total length 583 ft.
The drifc being run to the west, following the
ore Btreak from the rise un the 1200-ft level,
has been extended 10 ft; tho ore seam has
dwindled to one-half inch in width, but is very
regular, giving reasons to hope that it will
again ma£e its appearance with greater width.
The west lise, which is being carried up from
the east drift, has attained a distance of 13 ft,
the top showing very hard quartzite formation,
with only a very small seam of ore to show the
continuation of the fissure. WiDze No. 2, which
was being sunk from the east drift, w,ben it
reached a depth of 30 ft met such a heavy body
of water that they were compelled tp suspend
operations. The cross-cut being run south
from the summit shaft, on the 1200-ft level, is
again being advanced. On the dumps there
are 130 tons of ore, and about 6 tons are being
daily extracted.
Raymond & Ely.— Bullion Bhipped June 9th,
$11,041. The weekly leter of ihe 31st says:
The main shaft is down 50 ft below the 11th
level. Water rushed in very rupidly niter let-
ting off a blast iu the bottom of the shift, on
the 30tb, but it was lowered at the date of
writing 20 ft, leaving 5 ft to be drained. The
10th level diift has been advanced 28 ft, mak-
ing its total length 1042 ft, an 1 the face shows
well iu ore. The ninth level drift h*B been ad-
vanced 25 ft, making its total length 1349 ft;
no puy ore in the face. Winze is down 49 fc,
in bottom of which there is about one foot of
f iir ore. The 8th level has been advanced 5
ft, with no pay ore iu the face; 35 to 40 tons 0
ore is being extraoled daily, f
Alps.— The mine is daily improving and a
large amount of bullion will be shipped this
month.
Arizona.
Silveb Belt. — Arizona Miner, May 28: This
oompiny has about fifty tons of ore procured in
sinking*a*8haft Beventy feet on the ledge. This
ore varies more in richness than in the charac-
ter of the metal it carries. The ores, so far as
can be judged without analysis, are sulphureta
of silver in combination with galena and a truce
of antimony. Yet there are seams all through
the rock and little pockets filled with what ap-
pears to be chloride of lead, but upon oolleot-
ing and washing it is found to contain consid-
erable quantities of metallio silvor. A small
furnace with a fan blower, to be run by horse-
power, is erected, and lined with a fire clay
found- in the mine and mixed with quartz tail-
ing*.
The Isabella lode belonging to the Big
Bug company, near Prescott, is not a large lode
or extraordinarily lich. It is well opened on
the surface for nearly (100 feet in all, besides
having a shaft down 25 feet in one plaoe, at the
bottom of which the vtin is about three fret
wide. A ditch has been brought on the lode
and several tons of pay ore ground sluiced out
and piled up ready to be sent down on a tram-
way to the creek, where the battery from the
Big Bug mill will be set up, and run by water
from the ditch to crush it. In sluicing out tho
ore now on hand, they saved from $12 to $18
per day in free gold to the hand, whioh is suffi-
cient evidence of the value of vein matter, aside
from what may be in the rock itself. The Isa-
bella runs parallel with the Eugenia, and dips
into the mountain toward the other, is of the
same character of ore, and a-i the Eugenia is a
perpendicular ledge, it iB believed that at a
depth of several hundred feet, that they oome
together and form one ledge, or in other words,
that the Eugenia is the ledge and the Isabella
a spur. They have crushed s^me seven or
eight thousand tons from the Eugenia, with
good results, but it is quite inaccessible on ac-
count of its great elevation, and if it can be
reached through the Isabella it would greatly
facililate its working and render it much more
profitable.
Montana-
Meagher. County Mines.— Helena Inde-
pendent, May 27: The miners in Cave gulch
are all busily engaged upon their mines, have
plenty of water and are iu fine spirits. No
clean-ups of any consequence will be made
until the 1st of July. The indications are that
the mines will pay better this season than for
the past four years.
In all the small gulches near Cave there is
water, and the miners are taking out good
pay.
Several companies are working in Oregon
gulch and all are doing well.
The Drain company in Magpie are still at
work prospecting their ground.
Two bed-rock flumes are being put down in
Hell Gate canon, and* we understand have
struck some rich prospects.
Two oompanies are working on Avalanche
with good results.
The ditch being constructed by Marshall and
Sutton is progressing favorably. The excavat-
ing has been oompleted. and the lumber for
the flumes is now being sawed and hauled
upon the ground. When oompleted it will put
the waters of Trout oreek npon Gruell'B bar,
which is said to be very rich.
Utah.
BotTLDEE Speings Disteiot. — Salt Lake 2Vi-
bune, Jane.5: Boulder SpriDgs is the name of a
new mining district opened on the 28th of last
month, in Cedar valley, three miles from
Boulder Springs, Tooele county. The Ophir
laws were adopted, with an amendment requir-
ing $25 work in 30 days, $25 in six months,
and $50 in 12 months. M. L. Oout was elected
recorder. Four locations have been made —
the Eamblins Boy, Mountain Chief, Juniper
and Boulder Springs. The former has a shaft
down8 ft, showing a 5 ft vein, of ore, assaying 65
per oent. lead and $18 silver. The formation
is quartzite and spar. Timber and water are
plentiful throughout the district, and the
country is eaBy of access. The Utah Western
railway is surveyed through the district, and
when completed, wi'l malie the facilities for
the shipment of ore very cujplete.
A valuable discovery of silver bearin» rook
has been made within 10 miles of the ciiy, in
the past few days. Samples left at the Tribune
office assay 84 ounces silver, 50 per cent lead
and $5 in gold. The owners of this new loca-
tion are H. Cushing, T. G. M. Smith and F. D.
Clift.
382
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 12, 1875
The Mouth of the Mississippi.
Much attention is being turned at this time
to the engineering works just undertaken under
the direction of Captain J. L. Eads, for the
improvement of the mouth of the Mississippi.
The importance of such a work to the great
valley of that river can hardly be over-
estimated.
The Difficulties to be Overcome.
The Delta of the Mississippi is formed of nar-
row strips of land, mostly low-lying banks,
through which the river winds until it makes
its exit to the Gulf by a number of narrow
passes. In some of these channels previous
attempts have been made to deepen by dredg-
ing, with but partial success, however, as a
single flood has been known to carry down
sufficient sediment to fill them to their original
depth; and the current besides, emptying into
the open water at the mouths, speedily left at
that point bars of blue clay, surmountable
only by light draft ships. Captain Eads pro-
poses an entirely different plan — that which is
known as the jetty system — which has suc-
ceeded most admirably at the mouths of many
European rivers. Captain E. will operate at the
South pass, one of the three principal mouths.
The bar at this mouth is covered with seven
feet of water at its shallowest point, is about
two and a half miles long, and increasing at
the rate of about 100 feet a year. The channel
is about 730 feet wide, and Captain E. proposes
to gradually narrow it, working from both sides
until the increased force of the current will
scour out the channel instead of continuing its
present deposit of mud.
Hew it is to be Done.
The work is to be done in the following man-
ner: Willow twigs are to be bound into bun-
dles, called in engineering parlance "fascines."
These fascines, say eight or ten feet in length,
and as many inches in diameter, are put
together in the form of a raft, like timber logs,
towed to tha required spot, and loaded with
stones until they sink. This process is repeat-
ed with successive rafts until a continuous
foundation is laid the entire length of the pro-
posed line of jetties. The first or foundation
rafts will be from seventy-five to 200 feet in
width, aeoording to the depth of water where
they are sunk, the deepest water requiring the
widest rafts. As soon as the foundation is
completed in this manner, another line of wil-
low rafts is sunk on top of those already down,
and so on until the surface of the water is
reached, each line of rafts being narrower than
the one below it, until the topmost line will
not be more than ten feet across.
By this means a channel is oreated with slop-
ing Bides. The water gradually fills up the in-
terstices between the twigs with sand and sedi-
ment and in the oourse of a few years the
structure becomes as solid as a wall, being in
fact a submarine levee. It will readily be seen
that an almost incalculable quantity of willow
twigs will be required to construct these two
long lines of jetties the whole length of the
South Pass, and the work of cutting and pre-
paring them will furnish employment to a great
many men.
Some piling will have to be done at the head
of the pass in order to provide for the proper
regulation of the volume of water in the new
channel at various stageB of the river.
Captain Eads regards the construction of the
jetties in the South pass as more feasible and
easy of accomplishment than the work would
be in the Southwest pass, on account of the
large amount of sand that is carried down in
the former, and whioh will pack and solidify
the jetties much quicker than the muddier de-
posit of the other; though the commercial ad-
vantage is in favor of the Southwest pass.
The work is to be done at the expense of the
national government, at a total cost of $5,500-
000, when a permanent depth of thirty feet has
been secured. Partial payments are to be
made as the work progresses, as follows : $500,-
000 when a depth of twenty feet is secured, and
$500,000 additional for every two feet until
thirty feet depth of water has been secured.
The Ultimate Success
Of Captain Eads in the completion of the
jetties is not now questioned by any save his
enemies. The known energy and engineering
skill of the man are sufficient to insure the
suocess of any enterprise he undertakes, and
he has not engaged in this project without first
satisfying himself, beyond doubt, of the prac-
ticability of the plan upon which he will pro-
ceed to open the mouth of the Mississippi.
Captain Eads has found an abundanoe of cap-
ital to aid him in the work unlil the first pay-
ment comes due from government. Capitalists
seem to have un'iujited confidence in his judg-
ment as an engineer. The work is one of na-
tional importance.
Faults op Construction in Battery Contact.
— Emile Girouard points out that one great
obstacle in the way of our obtaining obeap
electricity lies in the defect of the contacts
The rivets whioh connect the zioo to theearbon
are often ill made, and after having been in
use for some time, they are corroded all round,
and the oxidation prevents the contact from
being perfect. The current, con-equently, is
unable to pass, unless the tension is consider-
able enough to overcome the bad conductivity
of ihe osides. The anthor proposes to obviate
ihes9 defects by having all connections, etc.,
made of platinum.
Pipe olay rubbed on the hands will remove
the unpleasant odor of ehloride of lime .
Toughened Glass.
One of the most interesting and important
improvements in glass making reported for
many years is that recently patented by Bastie
of Paris, which consists of a "toughening"
process, applied to ordinary glass, after it has'
already been plaoed in the desired shape. No
change of shape can be made subsequent to
the "toughening." The following report of
some experiments with this glass recently made
by Messrs. Abel Bey & Bros., of London, will
be found very interesting:
The toughened glass is in no way distinguish-
able by the eye from oommon glass. Its trans-
parency is in no way impaired by the toughen-
ing prooess, and oolored glasses, whether
opaque or transparent, retain without change
their original appearance. Various specimens
were shown to us both of transparent and col-
ored glass, such as window glass, plate glass,
watch glasses, lamp glasses, glass plates and
dishes of various kinds, and a number of other
objects. These were thrown about the room
in the most reckless manner without fracture
of any of them taking place, though many of
them were thrown as high as the ceiling and
allowed to fall upon the floor. This, however,
did not appear to be an adequate test, and so
we proceeded to test the glass with a hammer.
A piece of common window glass toughened
was laid by us flat upon a bench with one corner
overhanging about two inches, and this over-
hanging part was struck by us many times with
a common carpenter*s hammer without being
cracked or broken, the hammer rebounding
from the glass in much the same way as if it
were a sheet of iron. Finally, by an energetic
stroke, the glass was broken. But the fracture
was not like that of common glass at all. The
piece broken off was orumbled into orystalline
fragments resembling crystalline white sugar
of large grain, and these fragments were not
splintered, but a box full of them could be
stirred up by the hand without the skin being
broken. The piece of glass remaining under
the hand on the table was not starred or
cracked in the usual manner, but a network of
cracks was spread uniformly over its whole
surface, giving if the appearance of lace, and
on being handled this portion also disintegra-
ted itself into arystalline fragments all of about
the same size.
The texture of the glass is completely altered
by the toughening prooess. A diamond will no
longer cut it. But the glass may be ground
down like oommon glass on the wheel, and
even when half the thickness is thus removed,
the diamond will fail as before to make any im-
pression in separating it, showing that the
change in the glass has gone to the center.
And not only can the glass withstand mechan-
ical violence, but it is no longer liable to be
cracked by alternations of heat and cold.
Toughened lamp glasses will last forever, and
saucepans, tea kettles, and other articles of a
similar kind used in domestic economy may
now be made of glass without muoh risk of
injury. Cups and saucers, plates and dishes,
jugs and basins, and other articles heretofore
made of china or earthenware may now be
made of glass, either transparent or opaque as
may be desired, or partly one and partly the
other, and if the glass is toughened the articles
will be little liable to fracture. In every de-
partment of the arts the new material will find
important applications, and taken altogether
the invention is probably the most valuable
that the present generation has witnessed.
The Process of Toughening.
But what is the process, it will be asked, by
which this great improvement has been
wrought? Its simplicity is marvellous. It
consists in heating the glass up to near the
softening point, aud then plunging it in a bath
of oil or grease. There is nothing in the pro-
cess, therefore, whioh will materially enhance
the cost of the manufacture, but glass will now
be used for numerous purposes for which it has
heretofore been inadmissable. Gas and water
pipes may now .be formed of glass, as well as
sulphuric acid chambers, cisterns,' and stills,
imitation marble chimney pieces, and numer-
ous other objects. No material is more elegant
than glass. The objection to it heretofore has
been its brittleness, and this objection has now
been done away.
The following extraot is copied from the
inventor's patent papers: "As the fragility, of
glass results from the weakness of the cohesion
of its molecules, it may be expected that by
forcing tbe m ilecules closer together, and ren-
dering the mass more compact, tbe strength
ami solidity of the material should be increased.
I have found that this cannot be effected by
compress'on even when applied to .he material
in a fluid or soft condition. I have therefore
applied to glass a sy-tem of tempering such as
is usually applied to steel, and I will now de-
scribe the process and apparatus for this pur-
pose.
"Fused glass dropped into water becomes
greatly contracted, bur, being shapeless, only
objects of curiosity can be produced in this
way. The suddt-n cooling in the water puts
tbe glass into a state of unstable equilibrium in
its constitution, bo that the_ least shock causes
it to break up, as in tbe case of Prinoe Bupert's
drops. My object is to invert this result, to
diminish or even 10 remove the extreme fra
gility of glass by tempering it by immerskn in
a liquid. In attaining this objt-ct two essential
conditions have to be determined: First, the
point at which glass can be tempered without
being put out of shape. I have found this to
be when it is just at the heat where softness or
malleability begins, the molecules being then
capable of closing suddenly together, condens-
ing the material when it is plunged in a' liquid,
at a considerably lower temperature. Also
glass, when it is thin, may be tempered at red
heat even before becoming soft; seoondly, the
liquid to be employed for the immersion of the
glass, being such as can be heated much higher
than water without boiling. For this purpose
I find oils and grease, wax, resin, and tar or
pitch suitable. Having settled these condi-
tions, I have devised the process or practieal
method of operating, and suitable furnaces
and apparatus, whioh will hereafter be des-
cribed.
"In carrying out the prooess it is necessary
that the glass to be tempered should be raised
to a very high temperature; the hotter it is the
less is the risk of breaking the glass, and the
greater is the shrinkage or condensation. Hence
the advantage and often the necessity of heat-
ing the glass to the point of softening, which is
attended by the difficulties that glass in the
soft condition gets readily Out of Bhape, bo that
it must be plunged almost without touching it,
and that in plunging the hot glass into a heated
combustible liquid the latter is apt to take fire,
and cannot easily be extinguished, so that time
and material are lost. These difficulties are
overcome by placing the tempering bath in im-
mediate communication with the heating oven,
and covering it so as to prevent access of air.
The oven being charged with the articles to be
tempered, these are pushed or caused to slide
into the adjoining bath without handling them,
and the liquid of the bath having no supply of
external air is not liable to inflame. ' '
Color in Decoration.
Decoration is the art of adorning the objects
we use, and the houses we occupy. To ac-
complish this successfully, the art should ever
be accompanied by itB handmaidens — knowl-
edge and taste. In the study of any art it is
necessary to understand thoroughly the rudi-
ments of the first principles of the art, and to
teach these is one of the great objects of techni-
cal education. To deoorate an object appro-
priately, it is necessary to consider the material
of which it is made. From the beginning we
must work on oertain principles. Let the con-
struction be evident, and if oarving or inlaid
ornament be introduced, let it form a feature
with the construction, and not overlay or dis-
guise it.
A proper disposition of well proportioned
forms is the first consideration. With respect
to color decoration as applied to the adornment
of dwellings, it should be the ambition of every
man to have his home clean, comfortable and
tasteful; and a knowledge of the rudiments of
the science. — for it is a soience — must be useful
to every man. Color gives life to form; its
variations, properly harmonized, delight the
eye, and have a powerful influence on the mind
when treated with the skill which a careful and
well trained study of the art enable us to ex-
ercise.
To study properly the subject of oolor, we
must begin with the consideration of light.
When the rays of white light are intercepted or
dispersed, color is produced. Familiar to all
is the glorious rainbow, which, as Thomson has
told us is
Bom of the Bhower, and colored by the sun.
The rays of light emitted through a prism give
out a series of brilliant colors known as the
solar spectrum; and the relations of the colors
thus produoed form the rudimentary prinoiples
which regulate the science of color. With regard
to harmony, how to bring together various colors
in suoh proportions as to produce an agreeable
effect, bright red and bright green, bright blue
and bright orange, could not be used together
in masses without much modification. To com-
bine various modulations of color so that they
may mingle together and form an harmonious
whole, demands careful study, praotioe, and
taste. We cannot too strongly urge upon those
who seek to improve themselves in decorative
art, to study carefully natural flowers and
foliage, both for gracefulness of form and for
harmony and richness of color. In decoration,
it might be laid down as a principle that one
color should dominate. In the majority of
caseB the most perfect and beautiful har-
mony is produced by employing neutralized
hues Of oolor of the larger masses, and then
giving freshness, cheerfulness and beauty to
the whole by the introunotion, in small masses,
of the primary or secondary colors that rui^ht
form the proper equival-nts to the ptevailiu^
color. It should always be r.meiubered tbap.
the eye is never sat Bfied with a'ty arrangement
01 color unless all the primaries are present
in some shape or other. In c.rryinj out de-
cora i ns, it will be found that all colors have
two kinds of harm >ny — that of analogy, or
sympathy, and that of contract. In chuiches,
l.rge hills, or public buildings of imj ortance,
it is necessary to consid-r Vrry carefully tbe
peculiar circumstances of each of them Lefore
d signing the decoration or arranging the colors.
Architi c's dr. ad the indtbCiiaiinate use of eoler
in a ruilding on which tbey have bestowed
much careful study and labcr. Jud cious aid
well-designed arrangements of color shonll add
to the architectual effect. By tbet-e the princi-
pal constructive features of a building should
be emphasised or dearly expressed; and the
whole, avoiding confusion, should present a
combination of symmetry of form and harmony
of color, — Ex.
Extensive Mining and Ditch Enterprise.
The Placer Herald says: We have often had
occasion to refer to the enterprise now being
vigorously carried on by the Auburn gravel
mining and ditch company, but never at suffi-
cient length to give the reader a clear idea of
the full extent sf the work. The company is
composed of men who, after satisfying them-
selves by extensive prospecting of the rich
oharacter of some extensive gravel deposits, a
few miles northeast of Auburn, filed articles of
incorporation, and at once began the work of
bringing water in, a work on which they are
now engaged, and a work whioh will lead to
the development of these deposits and contrib-
ute liberally to increase the gold yield of the
county and country for years to oome. The
enterprise is certainly a giant one. Many have
been well aware of the rioh character of these
deposits, but when they came to consider the
immense amount of labor and capital necessary
to bring water in for successfully working
them, the charms of the rich pan prospeot
fuded by comparison, and they turned away in
despair. To overcome the obstacles that pre-
sented themselves, was left for the capital and
iron determination of this company, composed
of only six or eight stirring men, and it is but
fair to Wish them the brightest returns, that
present flattering invitations give reason to ex-
pect.
Bear river ditch runs at present, as it were,
at the very foot of the hills which this company
propose to wash down. Before any washing
could be done, therefore, it became necessary
first to secure a sufficient amount of water from
Bear -river ditch, and second, to bring that
water in on a plane high enough to afford pres-
sure for hydraulicing. The first difficulty was
overcome by satisfactory arrangements between
them and tbe owner of the ditch, to tbe effect
that on and after the first of July next they are
to take 500 inches of water. In-order to obtain
the desired raise, it was necessary to take the
water out of Bear river- ditch, about five miles
above the claims. On this work they are now
mostly engaged. The water is to be run the
first" three and one-fourth miles in Tin open
ditch, exclusive of one stretch of flume of 1,100
feet. ThiB ditoh is five feet wide on top, three
feet on the bottom, and two and one-he If feet
deep, out in the solid ground. Seventy-five
men are now engaged on it, who have 680 rods
completed, and will have the entire job finished
by the middle of June. From the end of the
ditch the water is to be conducted through
canons and over hills for about two miles in
heavy iron pipe, twenty-two inches in diameter.
This pipe is to be buried beneath the ground,
the ditch two and one-half feet wide and three
feet deep, for the reception of which, is now
completed.
The contraot for furnishing the pipe was let
to Currier, of the San Francisco boiler works.
Already 8,000 feet of the pipe is on the ground,
1,800 feet riveted together and covered up, and
the whole job is being driven to completion as
fast as two teams can hanl the pipes out and
distribute it along the line, ana twenty-two
boiler makers and twenty laborers can put it
down, rivet it together and tar the joints. On
the line of this pipe there are two depressions
through which the pipe forms inverted syphons,
the deepest of which is some 220 feet. The
water, as conducted from the terminus of the
ditch through this pipe, will be delivered at the
claims under a pressors of 238 feet, exclusive
of seventy feet allowed for friction. The 00m-
pany will begin washing on what is known as
Grizzly hill, a small mound of comparatively
shallow gravel. They are now running a tun-
nel six feet wide and seven feet high, to the
center of this hill, at which point they will
commence piping, running the dirt through
the tunnel in a ground sluice, which latter will
be in all some 1,500 feet long, constructed with
all the modern improvements for saving gold .
A number of teams are now engaged hauling
lumber for the flume and sluices, work on
which will be begun by a drove of carpenters
this next week. The company is determined
to cammence washing by the first of July, and
though there is yet much work to be done, at
the way they are rushing things there is no
doubt but all will be ready. As soon as they
get started at Grizzly hill they will put their
force at work in laying a branch pipe to Tunnel
hill, about 1,500 feet southwest of the former,
which contains not less than eighty acres of
very deep gravel. Besides this the company
owns Westchester hill, about one-ba f mile
we t of Grizzly hill, which tmbn.ces about 160
acres of gravel known to be at lea- 1 150 feet
deep, and Pine hill and Summit hill, whioh
lut r will be after considerations. This com-
p ny owns in all about 500 aores of ruining
ground, in one body, enough to keep tbem
mi ning loc at least twenty years. Ihis groun 1
they purchased of J. B. Hobson, last winter,
mmtiou of which was made at ihe time. All
their works are under the snpertotendenoy of
Mr. Hubsoa, who is an intertsttd party, aud
who crives flings ahead with an energy aid
skill becoming the magnitude of the work he is
engaged in.
Solder for Bbazinq Steel. — The following
solder will biaze Bteel, and may be found very
useful in ca-e of a valve, stem or other l'ght
p irtion breaking when it is impoitant that the
engine should continue work for some lime
longer: Silver, 19 parts; copper, 1-part; brass,
2 p rts. If practicable, charcoal dust thould
be otrewed over the melted metal of the cru-
cible.
June 12, 1875,]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
383
UsEftlL IfJfOF^pON.
Filing Saws.
The grand secret of -putting any saw in the
best possible catting order, consists in filing
the teeth at a given angle to cut rapidly and of
a uniform length, so that the points will all
touch a straight edged rule, without showing a
variation of a hundredth part of an inch. Be-
sides this, there should be just enough set in
the teeth to out a kerf as narrow as it can be
made, and at the same time allow the blade to
work freely without pinohing. On the con-
trary, the kerf must not be so wide as to permit
the blade to rattle when in motion- The very
points of the teeth do the cutting. If one
tooth ia a twentieth of an inch longer than two
or three on each aide of it, the long tooth will
be required to do so much more cutting than it
should, that the sawing cannot be done well.
Hence the saw goes jumping along, working
hard and cutting slowly. If one tooth is
longer than those on either side of it, the short
ones do not cot, although the points may be
sharp. When putting a oross-out saw in order,
it will pay well to dress the points with an old
file, and afterwards sharpen them with a fine
whetstone. Much mechanioal skill is requisite
to put a saw in prime order. One careless
thrust with a file will shorten the point of a
tooth so much that it will be utterly useless, so
far an cutting is concerned. The teeth should
be set with much care, and the filing should be
done with great accuracy. If the teeth are un-
even at the points, a Urge fiat file should be
secured to a block of wood in such a manner
that the very points only may be jointed, so
that the cutting edge of the same may be in a
complete line or circle. Every tooth should
out a little as the saw is worked. The teeth of
a handsaw for all sorts of work, should be filed
fleaming, or at an angle on the front edge, while
the back edgeB may be filed fleaming or square
across the blade. — Ex.
The Stbenoth of Wcod axd the Efficiency
of the Axe. — In a recent volume of the annals
of the Forest Academy, at Mariabrun, near
Vienna, Prof. W. F. Exner gives a novel and
highly instructive analysis of the elasticity
and Btrength of wood, its resistance to split-
ting, and the use of the wedge, the axe, etc.
The importance of these matters he shows to
be very great, because great industries depend
upon the applicability of certain kinds of wood.
Having deduced a few simple form u lee to ex-
press the strength of woods and the power of
the wedge, he develops a formula for the force
with which an axe is handled, and shows what
curve should be given to the face or cheek of
the axe, in order to secure, under certain con-
ditions, the least waste of power. By these for-
mula he is able to demonstrate that the splitting
efficiencies of the beet axes made in Vienna,
Prague and America, are to each other as 13.3
and 9.2, and 4.9, respectively; and applying his
formulas to the elaborate experiments of Nord-
lingen, he is able to deduce the absolute ease
with which various woods can be split.
To Peevent Splitting of Handles. — All
oarpenters know how soon the butt end of
chisels split, when daily exposed to the blow of
a mallet or hammer, and we are indebted to
one of our subscribers, Mr. W. Esmark, a stair
builder, in Brooklyn, N. Y., for a remedy to
prevent this, which he kindly requested us to
publish. It consists simply in sawing or out-
ting off the round end of the handle, so as to
make it fiat and to attach by a few small nails
on the top of it, two round disks of sole
leather, so that the end becomes similar to the
heel of a boot. The two thicknesses of leather
will prevent all further splitting, and if in the
course of time they expand and overlap the
wood of the handle, they are simply trimmed
off all around.
Tempebing Steel. — In hardening and tem-
pering steel, a clean charcoal, anthracite, or
coked bituminous coal fire is required; such as
is fit for taking a welding heat on iron is en-
tirely unfit for hardening purposes. The sul-
phur contained in the coal combines with the
steel to form sulphuret of iron, and ruins its
texture.
In hardening and tempering cast steel, the
following is the golden rule:
"Hammer to a polish,
Harden at a blood red.
Temper to a straw color."
To Wobk Hard Steel. — If steel is rathe
hard nnder the hammer when heated to the
proper cherry-red. it may be covered with salt
and hammered to about the shnpe d> sired.
More sofinens can then be obtained, if r< quiied
to gi\e a farther finish to the shape, by sprink-
ling it uiih a mixture of Bait, blue vitiiol, sal
ammoniac, saltpeter and atnm, ma^e oheiry-
red again, sprinkled wilh this mixinre and
hammered into shape. Thi* process maybe
rep»a ed until entirely finished. Whf-n ready
the steel is hardened in a solution of the same
mixture. Ibis method is recommended by
Mr. W. B.Lake.
To Oil a Belt. — The bsst mode of oiling a
belt is to take it from the pnllies and imm-rse
it in a warm solution of 1 allow and oil; a'ter
allowing it to remain a few mr men's the
belt fhoold be immersed io water heated to
100° Fth., and instantly removed. This will
drive the oil and tallow all in, and at the same
time properly temper the leather.
Hair Springs.
Perhaps the most provoking incident that
occurs to the practical watchmaker in a watch
repair shop, is the "putting in" of a new hair
spring. If he attempts to take the wire from
a spool, he has no test by which he oan equi-
poise the weight of the balance rim.
Whether the repairer coils the wire or buys
the nntempered spring, the result is the same.
We have touched upon this subject as, in onr
duty as journalist we are bound to furnish all
the information that may fall within our ken.
Becently there has been imported an article
tbat will make the watch repairer glad. We
refer to the graduated springs of Emanuel's,
who is gaining a considerable trade from the
fact of bis manufacturing a reliable hair spring
that watchmakers can depend npon being of
excellent service— tempered and assorted from
numbers 2 to 20, both in size and tension; con-
sequently, in selecting a spring from any one
of these papers, the workman has not the great
disadvantage against him, that he must at the
close of a series of experiments throw out the
results of his labor and substitute another
spring. The whole trade should be thankful
that such a good article as a first class tempered
hair spring has been introduced, for their own
comfort and profit must be greatly enhanced —
The Watchmaker.
To Preserve Posts. — Thd American Chemist
says that a Western farmer discovered many
years ago that wood could be made to last
longer than iron in the ground. Time and
weather, he says, seems to have no effect on it.
The posts oan be prepared for less than two
cents apiece. This is the recipe: Take boiled
linseed oil and stir into it pulverized charcoal
to the consistency of paint. Put a coat of this
over the timber, and, he adds, there is not a
man who will live to see it rot.
Case Hardening Small Iron Work. — A
simple method of case hardening small cast
iron work is to make a mixture of equal parts
of pulverized prussiate of potash, saltpeter
and sal ammoniac The articles must be heated
to a dull red, then rolled in this powder, and
afterward plunged in a bath of four ounces of
sal ammoniac and two ounces of prussiate of
potash dissolved in a gallon of water.
Qood HE1LTH°
Contaminated Drinking Water and Ty-
phoid Fever.
Dr. Haegler of Basle, gives the details of an
outbreak of typhoid fever in the village of Lau-
sen, near Basle, where the ordinary conditions
that have been said to govern the disease, such
as the character of the subsoil and subsoil
water, were extremely unfavorable for the de-
velopment of the disease, and where, in fact,
for a long time there had been no typhoid. In
August fifty-seven cases occurred within a space
of nine days, and in all the houses of the vil-
lage except six, while these six drew their
water supply from a source entirely different
from the others. On investigation it was
learned that two months previously there had
been cases of typhoid in a farm house not far
from the village, and that the dejections of the
patients had been thrown into a little stream
running through the yard, or into a ditch com-
municating with it; this stream joined the lar-
ger one that supplied the village. Other ex-
crementitious matter had also been thrown
upon dnng heaps, from which a drain led to
the same stream, Br. Haegler concluded from
these facts:
1. That the epidemic of typhoid fever in this
instance was the result of drinking water
contaminated with the dejections of typhoid
patients.
2. He believes that typhoid fever depends
upon a specific poison obtained from typhoid
patients. Other putrid matter and decompos-
ing organic substances, and at any rate, the
filth of privies and dung heaps with which the
typhoid dejections may be mingled, cannot
produce the disease, since this instance shows
that the drinking water of the town had been
fouled by these substances for years without
producing any bad result.
3. The ordinary filtration of contaminated
water by its passage through the ground, will
not disinfect the water or furnish any protec-
tion against the action of the typhoid poison. — ■
Jour, of Applied Chemistry..
To Prevent Coughing.— The best method of
easing a cough is to resist it with all the f >rce
of will possible, until the accumulation of
phlegm is greater, then there is something to
cough against, and it comes up very much
easier and with half the coughing. A great
deal of backing and hemming and coughing in
invalids is purely nervous, or the result of
mere habit, as is shown by the frequency
with which it occurs while the patient is
thinking about it, and its comparative rarity
wnt-n he is ko much engaged tint there is no
time to think, or when the attention is im-
pelled in another direction.
When to Takb a Warm Bath.— A warm
bith should be taken at night just before retir-
ing, and if the s> stem is weak the bed and
sleep n^ruom should be warm to prevent tak-
ing cold. Very few persons can take a warm
bath in the daytime and go out into the air and
attend to ordinary business without much peril.
Acidity.
Acidity of stomach always arises from that
organ not being able to digest, to work up the
food eaten, to extract the nutriment which it
contains, hence two results: First, the food de-
cays, that is rots, becomes sour and generates
a sour gas, which is belched up, causing a
burning or raw sensation, looated apparently at
the little hollow at the bottom of the neck, or
in that vicinity. Sometimes an acid fluid is
generated and is belched up, and is so very sour
occasionally as to take the skin off some parts
of the throat, month or lips. Second, the food
not being properly worked up, does not give
out its nourishment, the system is not fed, and
consequently becomes weak, the circulation be-
comes feeble, the feet grow habitually cold;
the person is easily chilled, and dreads going
out of doors; is happiest when hogging the fire,
and takes cold so easily that the expression is
frequently used, "the least thing in the world
gives me a cold." When 6uch a condition is
readied these colds are bo frequently repeated
that before one is oured another comes, and
there is a perpetual cough which the most un-
intelligent know is the certain harbinger, the
forerunner of consumption of the lungs.
When persons are troubled with indigestion,
and one of its effects, acidity, the advice given
in nearly all cases is to take something to cor-
rect the acidity, such as cream of tartar, soda,
saleratus, the ley of wood ashes, and other
alkalies. These things correot the acidity, but
the stomach gets no powerof a better digestion,
the effects as far as sensation is concerned are
removed, but the system continues to be im-
properly nourished; the man grows thinner
and. weaker; and with wasting of flesh and
strength, there is diminished power of circu-
lation; the person becomes chilly, colds are
taken from slight causes and at diminishing in-
tervals, and before he knows it he has an an-
noying, hacking cough, which too often ends
in a wasting, fatal disease.
When acidity follows eating, it is beoause
there has been an error in the quantity or
quality of the food eaten; the stomach could
not manage it, could not perform the work im-
posed upon it. The true remedy is to eat less
and less at each meal, until no acidity is per-
ceptible, or to change the quality of the food;
and in a short time the stomach, not being
overtasked, gets time to rest, to recuperate, to
get strong; then it digests more food and di-
gests it better, with the inevitable result of a
more vigorous constitution, more power of en-
durance, more strength of body and greater
elasticity of mind, more happiness and a spirit
and energy to grapple with life's duties, which
makes existence a pleasure. — Hall's Journal of
Health.
Lime Water for Bobns. — A correspondent
writes that the readiest and most useful rem-
edy for scalds and burns is an embrocation of
lime water and linseed oil. These simple
agents combined form a thick, cream-like sub-
stance, which effectually excludes the air from
the injured parts; and allays the inflammation
almost instantly. He mentions a case where a
child fell backward into a bath tub of boiling
water, and was nearly flayed from her neck to
below her hips. Her agonies were indescrib-
able; bather clothing being gently removed,
and the lime and oil preparation thickly
spread over the injured surface, she was Bound
asleep in five minutes. Subsequently the parts
were carefully washed with warm milk and
water three times a day, the oil dressing re-
newed, and the little patient rapidly recovered.
Though all the scalded skin came off, she did
not have a scar. This remedy leaves no bard
coat to dry on the sores, but softens the parts,
and aids nature to repair the injury in the
readiest and most expeditious manner. This
remedy may be procured in the drug stores;
but if not thus accessible slake a lump of quick-
lime in water, and, as soon as the water is
clear; mix it with the oil and shake it well. If
the case is urgent, use boiling water over the
lime, and it will become clear in five minutes.
Onions for Sleeplessness. — I now venture
to suggest a new but simple remedy for want
of sleep. Opiates in any form, even the Liquor
opii sedal and chlorodyne will leave traces of
their influence the next morning. I therefore
prescribe for myeelf, and have frequently done
so for others — onions, Bimply c immon onions
raw, but Spanish onions stewed will do. Every-
body knows the taste of onions; this is due to
a peculiar essential oil contained in this most
valuable and healthy root. This oil has, I am
sure, soporific powers. In my own case they
never fail. If I am pressed with work, and feel
that I shall not sleep, I eat two or three small
onions, and the effect is magioal. Onions are
also excellent things to eat when exposed to
intense cold, Mr. Parnaby, Troutdale Fishery,
Keswick, informs me that when collecting sal-
mon and trout eggs in the winter, he finds that
common raw onions enable him and his men
to bear the ice and cold of the semi-frozen water
much bet'er than beer, etc. The Arctic expe-
dition, just now about to start, should there-
fore take a good stock of onions. Finally, if a
per-on cannot sleep, it ib because the blood is
in the brain and not in the stomach; the rem-
edy, therefore, is obvious; call the blood down
from the brain to the stomach. This is to be
done by eating a biscuit, a hard bo led egg, a
bit of bread and cheese, or something. Follow
this up with a g'asB of wine or milk, or even
water, and you will fall aB'eep, and will, we
trust, bless the nam© of Frank Bnckland.—
Land and Water.
Domestic EcofJopY*
Dinner.
Dinner, both in the nature and quantity of
its components, must be regulated by the con-
stitution and judgment of individuals, who,
however, bearing in mind a constant and con-
sistent discrimination with respect to aliments,
should be careful to study the peculiarities of
their constitution and digestive powers, and to
adapt their diet to them. We may, however,
very well add, that those who are chiefly em-
ployed in mental occupation, and not exposed
to much bodily labor, require less animal food
than such as are in the continual exercise of
corporeal strength, and should consequently
avoid excess in that particular; with this ex-
ception, that an hysteric or hypochondriac
tendenoy seems to require animal food, which,
however, should be freely joined with the veg-
etable. We may here also properly remark
that no error is in this country more common
or more dangerous than the neglect of bread.
This valuable edible is the safest and most nu-
tritious of vegetable aliments, and the best
corrector of animal food. By its plentiful use
alone, the bad consequences of an excess of
the latter may be obviated. The tables of the
French are supplied as freely with animal food
as those of the English, yet that people, by a
greater use of bread and dried acid fruits, pre-
vent the ill effects of a heavier diet, and pre-
serve a cheerful buoyancy of spirits, to whioh
the generality of the phlegmatic islanden are
strangers. The English, therefore, who are so
much devoted to animal food, should particu-
larly moderate its effects by a liberal use of
bread and other vegetable matter, since vegeta-
ble food is necessary to seoure, not only health,
but long life. In infancy and youth we should
be confined mostly to it. In manhood and the
decline of life we should more freely use
animal nourishment; and in old age, we should
return to the vegetable. Vegetables and milk,
indeed, are strong antidotes to scurvy, and
putrid and inflammatory fevers; nay, in the
former disease, milk alone will frequently do
more good than any other remedy. — Ex.
Mxnoed Veal with Poached Eggs. — Take
some remnants of roast or broiled veal, trim off
all brown parts, and mince very finely. Fry a
chopped shallot in plenty of butter; when it is
a light straw color, add a large pinch of flour
and a little stock; then the minced meat with
chopped parsley, pepper, salt and nutmeg, to
taste; mix well; add more stock, if necessary,
and let the mince gradually get hot by the side
of the Are. When quite hot stir into it off the
fire the yolk of an egg and the juice of a lemon
to be strained and beaten up together. Serve
with pippets of bread fried in butter, round it,
and three or four poached eggs on top.
Ntjn's Pie. — Soak one pound of salt codfish
in cold water for two hours; put it on the fire
to boil, adding a small red pepper and the skin
of an orange. Boil eight good sized potatoes,
and, when ready to mash, pick up the codfish,
squeeze over it the juice of one orange, and
mash all together; add a large lump of butter,
put the mixture in a bake-tin, and cover with
bread crumbs; scatter a few small lumps of
butter over it, and cover the whole with milk.
Bake one hour. If well made, it will be as
liaht as a meringue pie, and, altogether, enjoy-
able.
Apple Puffs. — Mix a quarter of a pound of
butter with a quart of sifted flour, two eggs
and a spoonful of salt; half teaspoonful soda,
dissolved in a little cold water; moisten it with
cold water so that you can just roll it out
easily; roll as thin as possible: cut into cakes;
put three of them together, sprinkle flour be-
tween each one; lay on the the top thin slices
tart apples; sprinkle sugar and a little nutmeg
over them; press the edges well together, fry
in sufficient hot lard to cover them. When of
a light brown take up carefully.
Delmonico Podding. — One quart of milk;
three even tablespoonfuls of corn starch, dis-
solved in cold milk; the yolks of five eggs; six
tablespoonfuls of sugar. Boil three or four
minutes; pour in a pudding dish and bike half
an hour, or perhaps less time will do if the
oven is hot. Beat the whites of the eggs with
six tablespoonfuls of sugar; put it over the top
and return the pudding to the oven till it is a
nice light brown. No sauce. Nioe for Sun-
days, as it can be made the day before.
To Fax OmoKEN.-T-The best fried, chickens
are thus prepared: The chickens are killed,
scalded, picked and washed out cleanly in
water, then quartered and thrown into boiling
lard. In a few minutes they ace done trows.,
and are then removed and served up hot and
dry, not put into grease again. In this way
the fowl "ia tender as chicken," asd is a great
delicacy. If you don't believe it, try it, and if
you do believe it, try it.
Arnica Liniment. — Add to one pint of sweet
oil two tablespoonfuls of tinotare of arnica;
good for wounds, stiff joints, rheumatism and
all injuries.
Vinegab WsBY.-^-Take of milk ose pint,
vinegar half an ounce; boil for a few minutes,
and separate the curd. Excellent for the sick.
384
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 12, 1875
W. B. EWEB Senioe Editoe.
DEWEY <&: CO., Pilblisliers.
4, tt DEWEY,
W. B. EWEB,
GEO. H. BTKONG
JKO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 234 Sansome St., S.
of California St., San Francisco.
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tix months, $2.26; three months, $1.25. BemittanceB
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Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or
reading noticeB, legal advertisements, notices appearing
I n extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
nserted at special rateB.
Sample Copies.— Occasionally we send copies of this
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by subscribing for it, or willing to assist us in extend-
ing its circulation. "We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
©an Francisoo:
Saturday Morning, June 12, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL EDITORIALS.— Improved Vacuum
Pump and Air Compressor; Lead, 377- Salvador
Mines; Selling Mines; Notes at the Foundries; Com-
mencement Day in Berkeley; Academy of Sciences;
Notices of Eecent Patents, 384. Short Lectures on
Patents; Tea; Hints on the Washoe Process, 385.
patents and Inventions; General News Items, 388-
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Air Compressor and Pump,
377. Tea Plantation— Fusi-Tama in the Back-
Ground; Sifting and Sorting Tea Leaves, 385.
CORRESPONDENCE. — Geological Formations,
378.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. — The Mechanical
Cause of Ebullition; Substitute for a Microsoope;
Hydrogenized Iron; A Curious Magnet, 379. -
MECHANICAL PROGRESS-— To Preserve Iron
From Bust; A Remarkable Lifeboat; Mechanical
Triumphs; Smelting Metals in Crucibles; Extraor-
dinary "Velocity of a Projectile; The Best Steam
Boiler; Casting Metals; Invention Wanted— $5,000
Beward Offered; Cutting Glass Without a Dia-
mond, 379-
flUNING STOCK MARKET.— Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 380-
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, Montana, Arizona and Utah,
380-1. „
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Dinner; Minced Veal
with Poached Eggs; Nun's Pie; Apple Puffs; Del-
monico Pudding; To Fry Chicken; Arnica Liniment;
Vinegar Whey, 383-
GOOD HEALTH. -Contaminated Drinking Water
and Typhoid Fever; Acidity; To Prevent Coughing;
Lime Water for Burns; Onions for Sleeplessness,
383- „ _
USEFUL INFORMATION.— Filing Saws; The
Strength of Wood and the Efficiency of the Axe; To
Prevent Splitting of Handles; Tempering Steel; To
Work Hard Steel; To Oil a Belt; Hair 8prings; To
Preserve Posts; Case Hardening Small Iron Work,
383.
MISCELLANEOUS.— An Oregon Gold Bar; Placer
Mining in Oregon; Douglas County Mines; The Great
Union Shaft, 378- The Month of the Mississippi;
Faults of Construction in Battery Contact; Tough-
ened Glass; Color in Decoration; Extensive Mining
and Ditch Enterprise; Solder for Brazing Steel, 382.
Salvador Mines.
Mr. John F.Flint, U. S. Consul at Salvador,
Central America, arrived in this city this week
on the Colima. While here he intends calling
the attention of mining men to the mining in-
terests of that section of country, which are as
yet entirely undeveloped. The ore in the mines
there is mainly silver, containing some gold,
and averages from $40 per ton up into the
thousands. Encouragement is given to foreign-
ers to work the mines, and labor is cheap,
miners being hired at fifty cents per day, the
common rate of labor being thirty cents. Sev-
eral of the mines are now being worked, one
by a French company on a good scale. This
oompany shipped through the custom house to
Swansea last year ore valued at $150,000.
There are no reduction works in the country,
arrastras only being used. One of the mines
— Loma Larga — is worked down to 130 feet,
and operations have been suspended for want
of capital. This mine has yielded over $500,-
000. It belongs to General Gonzales, Presi-
dent of the State of San Salvador. He has in-
vested some $100,000 in the mine, including
purchase money and money expended in pur-
chasing engine and pump and clearing the mine
of water. He now wants other parties to help
procuie the necessary machinery to work the
mine. The large amount of money yielded by
the mine was taken out with little outlay from
comparatively shallow workings, Mr. FJint
promises to give us some further items with re-
lation to the mining interests of Salvador. He
thinks there is a good field there for men pos-
sessing the requisite experience and capital.
The new combination Bhaft, on the Com-
stook, described in another column has been
commenced. This shaft will have four com-
partments, three of which will be five by six
feet in size, and will be used for hoisting. The
other will be six ,by seven feet in size and will
be used for the pump shaft.
Tub usual amount of prospecting is being
vigorously carried forward in the old upper
levels of the Sierra Nevada mine, without yet
developing any paying or valuable ore bodies.
Selling Mines.
How many meritorious and valuable mines
are lving idle in-California and Nevada to-day
for want of capital to work them? The question
is as difficult to answer, no doubt, as the ques-
tion, "How shall these mineB be made profitable
without capital?" The most difficult thing in
most cases is to get capitalists to make the first
move toward even examining the mine, or
sending their experts to it. Many of our readers
will remember very vividly the weeks and
months they have spent in San Francisco try-
ing to get the attention of capitalists. They
will recollect how very difficult it was even to
get these people to examine the rock or map,
or even listen to them at all. In despair of
doing so, most miners are compelled to defer
to some hangers-on of California street who
may be fortunate enough to have the ear of a
rich mining man. This person will keep the
owner of the- mine dancing attendance on him
for several weeks to impress him with his im-
portance. Then perhaps he will drop the mat-
ter, or else offer hundreds where thousands
were asked. Sick and tired of capitalists and
capital, the disgusted owner, thinking" perhaps
that he wants neither at his mine after his ex-
perience, either sells for what he can get or re-
turns home a sadder and wiser man.
This is not the experience of one alone but
of many, and these circumstances have created
in our midst a class of men whose Bole oc-
cupation is "placing mines" — either organizing
companies or selling to capitalists. These
men are more accessible than capitalists until
they finally become capitalists themselves. Their
busines is to find out the location of a mine in
which some work has been done, and then in-
corporate^ company and put the stock in the
market, or if the mine is really a good one it is
sold to the heavy mining . men who " incorpo-
rate " it themselves. They expect, of course,
to make a good thing out of both buyer and
seller, and with a man of experience and good
connection, the business is a profitable one.
It will of course be seen that this class of
men, even without the slightest mining or
metallurgical knowledge, exercise a powerful
influence on our mining interests. Their
knowledge of the ins and outs of mining as
carried on at California street; their acquaint-
ance with the men who advance money on
.mining property; the skill they display in get-
ting mines cheap and selling them high; and
the fact that it is difficult to negotiate mines,
without their assistance, all combine to make
their influence felt. To the hard-working, in-
dependent miners nothing is more disagreeable
than hanging about asking favors of men
richer than they, so they turn their property
over to these men to do what they can with it.
"While these people are, under present sys-
tems, useful to both miner and capitalist, it
is unfortunate that they cannot be done away
with and the seller and buyer brought together
without the intervention of a middleman, who
invests no labor and no money. " Mining
Bureaus" are not successful and probably
never will be, for it is almost impossible to
keep their managers incorruptible. There is
so much chance for " jobs " in a business of
this kind that few people have confidence in
the promises of corporations or individuals
who make a business of this sort of thing. If
it were possible to bring miners and capitalists
together, many good mines now ljing idle
would be worked with profit to owners and
miners. Until, however, some better system
than that in vogue is adopted, it is probable
that many of these mines will continue in their
present semi-abandoned position for wantof
the requisite capital to put them in working
order.
Notes at the Foundries.
At the machine shop of Hawkins & Can tr ell
they are building some new style percussion
rook drills after a pattern invented by L.W.Coe,
of this city. It is called the California drill.
The working parts are few and the valve and
rotary motion are very simple and novel. One
of these drills has been at work in the Consol-
idated Virginia mine since February, and has
operated so well that a number are now being
made for the same mine. Three of them are
to be tried at the New Almaden quicksilver
mine next week. The drills are made in two
sizes, 3% inch diameter and 5-foot stroke, and
2% inch by 3% stroke. We shall shortly give
a detailed description of this new drill.
At the ./Etna Iron Works (Pendegast &
Smith) they are making quartz mill machinery
for a 20-stamp mill to go to Idaho. The mill
is a dry crnsher. A new style roasting furnace
is also being made to go with the mill.
They are also building water jackets for
smelting furnaces at the Kohler Reduction
Works, and castings for same. The retort
pots, fronts, etc., lor John Reynolds' new
chemical works, on the San Bruno road, are
also being made at these iron works. The
proprietors of these works are under con-
tract to furnish acid for the new bullion refin-
ing works at the mint.
They are also building several house fronts,
one for Belden block, another for the new
extension of the Humboldt Savings Bank, and
another for a large building to be erected in
Santa Barbara. A good deal of jobbing is also
being done at this foundry.
Commencement Day in Berkeley.
The Commencement exercises of the Univer-
sity of California were held yesterday at the
Assembly room of the University, at Berkeley.
The room was elegantly decorated for the 00
oasion and was crowded with a very select au-
dience from this city and elsewhere. The ex-
ercises, under the direction of President Le
Conte, passed off very pleasantly to all, and
creditably to the young gentlemen graduates.
The salutatory was pronounced in Latin by
Alexander D. D'Ancona, of San Francisco, and
the valedictory by D wight B. Huntley, of
Oakland. There were three orations. A phil-
osophical oration (Lord Bacon), by Isaac T.
Hinton, of San Francisco; an English oration
(Arctic Explorations), by Frank B. Sutton, of
San Francisco, and a classical oration (A Pas-
sage in Sophocles), by Josiah Royoe, of Oak-
land.
The degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred
upon the following candidates: Charles F.
Boardman, Chesley K. Bonestell, Joseph G.
Brown, Alexander D. D'Ancona, Frank Deer-
ing, Arthur F. Low, Josiah Royce and W.
Turkington. Bachelor of Philosophy — John F.
Alexander, Leonidas S. Burchard, H. J. W.
Dam, John O. Wyatt. Frederick V. Hollman,
H. O. Lang, F. S. Sutton, John W. Rice, W.
P. Gummer, Isaac T. Hinton, Dwight B.
Huntley, George W. Pierce, R. H. Robertson,
H. H. Webb, W. R. Windsor.
The degree of Master of Arts was conferred
upon John L. Beard, of the class of '68, and
George W. Reed and John M..Whitworth, of
the class of 73.
The literary exercises were concluded by a
very, appropriate and thoughtful address by
President Le Conte,
We understand that ninety-three applications
had been made for admission to the new class up
to Monday last. This number of applications
at so early a day betokens the entry of a very
large class for the present year.
Academy of Sciences.
A regular semi-monthly meeting of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences was held on Mon*
day evening last. Frank Soule, Jr., Professor
of Astronomy and Civil Engineering, and S.
B. Christie, Assistant in College of Chemistry,
University of California, were elected resident
members.
The following donations to the museum were
received and described by the Curator: Speci-
mens of volcanic formation from Colima, dona-
ted by J. Roezel chestnut or ash-wood found
imbedded in quartz rock, 230 feet below the
Burface, at Palisade station,, on the Central
Pacific railroad, Elko county, Nevada, and do-
nated by A. J. Dennison.
The Swiss Consul" presented a handsome
bronze medallion of Agassiz, the naturalist,
made in Neuchatel, Switzerland, the native
place of him whom the design commemorates,
by F. Laundry. On the face of the medallion
is a well executed bust of Agaasiz, on the reverse
an olive leaf, within which is read Homo In-
gerio Lahore, Scientia Praesiantissimo.
Mr. Amos Bowan briefly described a stone
pestle and mortar which he presented, and sta-
ted that he would give a more detailed descrip-
tion shortly. The specimens are important in
a geological point of view.
The Secretary read a paper by Henry Ed-
wards, on Vanessa Californica, being No. 13 of
a series on Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, written
by Mr. Edwards,
Dr. Gibbons, Sr., entertained the Academy
with a very instructive and extemporaneous ad-
dress on Cloud Foundations and their Climatic
Influences.
Dr. Winslow mentioned that in 1853 he pur-
chased a particle of fossil he saw in a barber
shop window, on Kearney street, near Pacific.
The barber explained that he had procured the
bone from a well then being dug in that neigh-
borhood. Subsequently the doctor sent the
hone to Leipsic, and received word that it was
the bone of a mammoth sloth. The rest of the
skeleton is still in that place, corner of Pacific
and Kearny streets, and he thought something
might be done to secure it intact, since the
street there is being excavated.
Hon. Thomas H. Selby, ex-Mayor of San
Francisco, died in this city ou the 9th inst. Mr.
Selby has been identified with the business in-
terests of this city for many years. He has
held many responsible official positions during
his residence in California, all of which he has
filled with credit. Mr. Selby was a large metal
importer and proprietor of the shot tower and
extensive smelting works in this city, being
interested also in various other industrial en-
terprises. He was the first President of the
Industrial School Association, and also of the
Merchants' Exchange. He was President of the
Board of Trustees of Calvary church, and held
a similar position in the Board of Trustees of
the City College. He was also a life Director
of the Mercantile Library Association and an
old pioneer of this State, having arrived here
in August, 1849. Mr. Selby was so well known
among us that it is hardly necessary to speak of
his business relations. He died leaving a good
record behind him, as well as a large fortune,
figuring up among the millions.
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through
Dewey & Co. 'a American and Foreign Patent
Agency, the following are worthy of mention:
Improvement in Carriages. — Francis Scherb
and Frank F. Doland, Sacramento, Cal. This
improvement in the construction of carriages,
consists mainly in a novel combination of two
forms of spring, and also in the means by
which the wagon bed is mounted on these
springs, bo as to obtain steadiness and ease of
motion. The head block and rear axle are
united by reaches, and cross-bars are secured
to the reaches a short distance from the
head block and axle bed respectively, to
support the ends of the springs or packs,
and also to allow the front wheels to be
cramped short in turning without touching the
springs. This part of the carriage is con-
structed after a patent issued to Francis Scherb,
September 28th, 1869. To the head of the
springs are united side springs which may be
made continuous or in two parts. A shaft or
bar extends across beneath the middle of the
wagon bed, and when the spring is made con-
tinuous the ends of this bar will pass beneath
the center of the spring. A rubber or other
elastic plate is secured between the spring and
bar to prevent wear. If the spring is jointed,
it may have its meeting ends bent around the
end of the bar like a hinge. Two other bars
cross beneath the wagon bed near each end, and
the ends of these bars are flattened so as to form
the upper leaf of the side spring and bolted or
clipped to the top of the springs at a point
midway between the shaft and heads. These
shafts pass through elastic cushions, which are
secured in boxes beneath the wagon bed, and as
the ends of the shafts are firmly bolted to the
springs, it will be manifest that any depres-
sion or change of angle in the springs will
cause the shafts to rotate slightly within the
cushions and thus relieve the strain. These
cushions also by their elasticity assist in re-
lieving the jolt and strain of any end motion,
caused by the roughness of the road. Adjust-
ing screws preset against the moveable plates and
boxeB, and thus serve to regulate the tension of
the cushions and take up any loss from the
deadening of the cushions, the device thus
forming an easy and comfortable carriage.
Grain Separator.— Elijah Knapp, San Fran-
cisco, Cal. This invention relates to improve-
ments in apparatus for separating wheat from
barley and the small grains with which it is
usually mixed. In carrying out the improve-
ment the inventor employs a hopper for the
reception of the grain and a screw or plain
roller in the bottom of the hopper for feeding
the grain upon the screen surfaces. The grain
falls upon a compound screen which, is sus-
pended in an inclined position by its four cor-
ners, from the main frame. This screen is
provided with three or more sifting surfaces,
one above another, and in its construction and
application is not materially different from the
screens ordinarily used in separators. Below
this screen is mounted a sifter or screen at an
opposite inclination, and to this screen is im-
parted an up and down motion or jar. The
compound screen consists of three plates
placed one above another. The two upper
plates are perforated at the upper end, leaving
a plain plate section at the lower ends. The
lower screen plate has its lower edge also per-
forated. The grain will fall from the hopper
upon the upper end of the upper screen plate,
and as the entire screen is given a shaking
motion the wheat and smaller seed will pass
through the holes and fall upon toe second
soreen plate, leaving the barley and larger grains
to pass down over the apron of the lower screen
plate. The grain and small seeds which pass
through the perforations will pass down
through the t<*o upper plates successively and
fall on the oppositely inclined screen below.
This oppositely inclined screen is made of wire
cloth in which the meshes are small enough to
prevent the wheat from passing through, while
the meshes are large enough to let small seeds
and dirt pass through. This screen is stretched
upon a frame which has an inclined bottom be-
low the screen. The frame is mounted on
springs both at its upper and lower ends so
that it is supported on them. A soreen passes
loosely through a hole in the end timbers of
the frame at each corner of the screen frame
and is screwed into the bottom. A rod extends
upward from the middle of each side of the
screen frame, passes through a staple in the
frame, and in the upper end of this rod a roller
is secured. The driver shaft extends across
the frame just above the upper ends of these
rods, and secured to the driver shaft above
each of the rollers is a four-armed cam. As the
shaft is rotated the arms of the cam strike the
roller on the upper end of the rod successively
and depress it, thus forcing the screen frame
downwards by compressing the springs upon
whioh it is supported. After the arms pass the
roller the springs will force the screen frame
upwards until the heads of the screws strike
the under side of the end timbers of the frame.
This gives the soreen a peculiar motion which
will throw the grain upon it upward and thus
keep the meshes dear, while it favors the pass-
age of the small seeds through the screen so
that they will fall upon the bottom. When the
compression of the supporting springs is re-
leased they will suddenly strike the timbers,
thuB produoing an upward throw and jar which
is very effective in separating the grain.
June 12, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
385
Short Lectures on Patents.
Ho. 8 — By Jxo. L. Booxi, of Dewey k Co'i Mconu and
Souimno Paua Patent Agency.
Deiign Patents.
Inventions aro divided into two classes -
First, those that possess utility, and secondly
those whifh only relate to the ornamental'
without reference to utility. Where the inven.
tion possesses utility, in however small a de
gree, a meohanioal patent is issued to cover it,
bat when it relates only to shape, form, con-
figuration, or design; when it is intended to
represent something which is pleasing to the
eye, something beautiful, it is then character-
ized as a design, and a design patent is issued
to cover it.
If an inventor applies a new shape to a stove,
and that shape involves utility, it is the subject
of a mechanical patent. But if the shape is
only applied to the stove for ornament, with-
out possessing utility, it is a subject for a de-
sign patent. The line of distinction between a
mechanical patent and a design patent is buIB"
ciently marked to prevent any one from mista-
king the one for the other. The only question
to bo settled is, does this invention possess
utility outside of the peculiar design or shape
which it possesses? It it does not, then it is a
design.
Frequently an invention comprises both a
mechanioal patent and a design patent. For
instance, if a person invents a new and useful
device, or machine, and he finds that although
he can embody his invention in a dozen dif-
ferent forms, there is one particular form or
shape that is ornamental and pleasing to the
sight, he can have a mechanioal. patent on
his improvement and a design patent on the
design. But the design patent must be applied
for and obtained previous to the mechanical
patent, for if he first obtains bis mechanical
patent and represents the design in it, he
thereby estops himself from taking out the de-
sign patent, unless be states in his mechanical
patent that he intends to patent the design.
This is to prevent the inventor from defrauding
purchasers, for if he takes out a meohanioal
patent covering his invention, he might sell
the right to manufacture, or an interest in his
patent to another, and then by taking out a
design patent covering the form or shape, pre-
vent the purchaser from having any benefit
from the right he has purchased. Bat if he
first secures a patent on the design, it will not
debar him from subsequently obtaining a me-
chanical patent.
So great is the mania of the present age for
change and novelty, that designs, like fashions,
no matter how popular they are when they are
first introduced to the public, usually become
stale in a short time and are replaced by
others. Owing to this fact, the patent law pro-
vides for the granting of design patents for
shorter periods than for mechanical patents.
These terms are three and a half, seven and
fourteen years, and the inventor may elect
which term he chooses for his patent. The
fees are granted in the same ratio. The inven-
tor is thus made the only judge as to the prob-
able permanency of his design.
Probably some of the most valuable patents
issued by the United States Patent Office cover
designs for carpets, cloths, stoves and burial
caskets. These are articles which require or-
namentation in order to suit the publio taste,
and when an inventor happens to secure a de-
sign that becomes fashionable in any of these
articles his fortune is generally made.
When a person manufactures a machine,
or article in a particular shape, or with
a fixed design upon it, which {could be
patented, no other person has a right to apply
that design upon a similar machine or article,
and the design becomes a trade mark by which
the machine or article is recognized in the
market. The general or peculiar shape of the
exterior of a package, or machine, fixes itsell
! more firmly in the minds of most people, than
any mark or brand which it has upon it, and
! frequently the design is the only mark or fea-
ture tbat the purchaser goes by in making his
I purchases. Most manufacturers know the
value of securing an independent original de-
I sign for their articles, and as the cost of de-
I sign patents is not great, they can easily afford
to protect themselves from imitations.
If an inventor applies for and obtains a de-
sign patent for three and a half years, — the
shortest term — he cannot have it extended at the
end of that time, neither can he have a seven
years' patent extended. His judgment must
be exeroised in making his first application as
to the length of time for which he desires the
patent to be issued, and when the patent ex-
pires it cannot be revived or extended.
A single design patent cannot be obtained
for two articles which are not ordinarily used
together, nor where their relative positions are
liable to be varied when used together, but
each design must be applied for and secured by
a separate patent.
The same rules of law that apply to mechanical
patents with regard to infringements, are em-
ployed and recognized in design patents. It is
an infringement if another party ases a design
■which is sufficiently similar to that patented to
deceive or mislead the public. The general
effect of the design is always taken into consid-
eration in determining the question of in-
fringement,
Tea.
Preparation for Market and Varieties Sold.
In our last isue we gave a partial description
of the methods of cultivation of tea in Japan,
concluding with some remarks on the way the
leaves were dried. We now continue oui
description with illustrations showing a tea
plantation under the shadow of the sacred
mountain, Fosi-Yama, and young girls pick-
ing and sorting the leaves. After drying the
next process consists fn sifting and sorting the
leaves, and this is done in another house where
young girls are seated around flat tables with
piles of tea in front of them. Before sorting
the tea, it is well shaken in sieves of various
sizes, to rid it of all dust and fine particles;
then it is heaped upon the Jtablen; each girl
64,138,590 pounds. San Francisco imports of
China and Japan for the past fifteen years, ac-
cording to the San Francisco Journal of Com-
merce, have amounted to 79,487,522 pounds,
worth $29,735,447.
Seven-eighths of the teas sold in this market
are Japan- se, and these are daily coming into
favor in the East.
Green Teas
Imported in San Francisco are divided into the
following varieties: Moyune, Fy Chow, Teen
Kai, Pingsney, Young Hyson, Twankay, Gun-
powder, Imperial and Hyson. They come
chiefly from the northern tea districts of China
bordering on the great river Yang Tae Kiang.
These teas are classed as divided into different
varieties as: Gunpowder and Imperial of first,
second and third class, and Hyson Skin and
Twankays; fine young Hyson, first, second and
third. The Moyune district is recognized as
producing teas the most superior in flavor.
TEA PLANTATION— FTJSI-TAMA IN THE BACKGROUND.
takes her left band full of leaves and throws
them before her on the tables, while with her
right hand she picks out any stray stick, straw,
or imperfect leaf, and sweeps the rest into a
basket. This is done with great rapidity, and
their fingers move in the same way as a hen
useB her beak when pecking corn. The tea is
sometimes still further sorted, when they wish
to seperate the fine, small leaves from the
larger ones; the former always constitute the
best quality of tea, while the latter forms the
chief bulk of that which is exported to foreign
countries. Of course the best tea remains at
home, and the poorest goes abroad; but as we
usually spoil its real flavor, with our milk and
Next comes Fy Chow and Teen Kai, which are
rated as about equal in value. Fingsueys,
although the best in appearance, are the j oor-
est in flavor. All tln.se teas are manufactured
in Canton, but of low and medium grades.
Black Teas
Are produced in largest quantities in the dis-
tricts of Oo Nam and Huh Pah. Here are pro-
duced Congous and Sou Cbongs for the Eng-
lish market. In the neighborhood of Foo
Cbow is the principal producing district of
Oolongs, which are favorites in the United
States, They are tenB that run from 20 cents
to $1.50 per pound. The island of Formosa
SIFTING AND SOBTINO TEA LEAVES.
sugar fixings, perhaps it does not make much
difference after all.
All that which is exported has to be "refired"
again in Yokohama, or some other port. Here
they do the thing on an immense soale in large
stone houses, where hundreds of men and
women are employed in heating and rolling the
leaves again, and putting the 'finishing touch"
on the whole process; this is absolutely essen-
tial to preserve the tea and render it fit for
transportation. In the firing ten per cent, in
weight is lost. The fresh tea odors which greet
you as you pass the open windows of these
tea-firing establishments, are such as would
make our lady friends smaofe their lips with
delight. Such is the process of preparing tea
for the market in Japan.
The consumption of tea has increased at a
marvelous rate both in Europe and America
during the past fifty years. The American Ex-
change and Review states that in 1711 it was only
141,995 pounds. In 1874 it was 137,442,264
pounds. In the United States the consumption
in 1791 was 985,997 pounds and in 1874 it waa
and the neighborhood of Amoy have, within
the last five years, produced a large quantity of
very superior Oolongs, as also has Japan, and
this last circumstance has urged the choice
growers to extra exertions to improve the quality
of their own. Specimens of all kinds of teas
have been brought from time to time to this
market, more as curiosities than anything else,
among which we may mention the celebrated
Mandarin tea and the Brick tea, which is sold
at from 90 to 95 cents per pound. Frequently
it is said teas have sold for less in the market
than what they have cost to produce in Japan.
One great feature of the trade in this city
has been the system of auction sales, which
are held monthly, and sometimes oftener, and
at which from 3,000 to 5,000 packages at a time
are usually disposed of. There are in this city
not less than twenty-five firms who import more
or less, and most of whom also act as jobbers;
and who have not less than a million and a half
dollars invested in the business. This does
not- include those who are jobbers only, or who
are retailers.
Hints on the Washoe Process.
[Continued from latt week.}
The Results Obtained In Settlers, Agitators, and
Concentrators.
On drawing the charge, the greater part of
the quioksilver runs quickly into the bowl or
reservoir of quioksilver in the bottom of the
settler, whence it flows out, free from sand,
through a siphon, into a kettle outside. It is
preferable to fill the settler, when the charge is
drawn, with water falling as a rain, and, when
the settler is full, to let nothing ran oat, but
tarn off the water and rnn the stirring-arms in
the charge for an hour. This collects the
floured quicksilver somewhat, and settles it.
TJien turn on plenty of water, and let the set-
tler discharge through the top plug-hole as
long as possible. The operation should be so
timed as to reach the bottom hole of each in-
dividual settler only just in time to receive the
next charge. The settler will never choke
with heavy sand if the pan has ground well
and the driving-belt is in good shape. In the
settler accumulate some coarse sand, some un-
reduced sulphurets, amalgam, quioksilver. and
iron from the pans; and once a week the settler
should be cleaned out, and the concentration
reworked in the pans.
A good supply of water should be kept con-
stantly running in the agitators. Here there
will be found some coarse sand containing a
little quicksilver, amalgam, sulphurets, and
considerable iron ; but the saving 1b very small.
The floors throughout the mill should be kept
clean, and the whole mill as neat and free
from dirt as possible; no loose quicksilver
should be found in the floors, on the tables, or'
anywhere; all drains should lead into the agi-
tators; aud the quicksilver floor, unless the
weather be too cold, should be washed with a
hose every day.
Except on ores containing a large propor-
tion of heavy sulphurets, or containing much
slime that coats quicksilver, I have found but
little benefit in concentrators applied to tail-
ings from the pans. In ordinary cases, they
collect little except iron from the pans and
coarse sand. The pans grind bo fine that the
precious'metal left in the tailings is very diffi-
cult to concentrate after leaving the agitators —
provided the ore has been well worked. It is
necessary to have a regular supply to the con-
centrator; and this may be effected with
siphons of one and one-half inch and two inch
pipe. I have found Hangerford's concentra-
tors very good for slimes and slimy ores, since
the shaking collects the floured and slime-
coated quicksilver very well.
Afier leaving the concentrators, the tailings'
were run, in the Owyhee mill, over a double
set of blanket sluices, 250 feet long; but it was
found that on the ores then worked, the saving
did not pay for the labor employed in frequent
washing; and at last the blankets were worked
only about onoe a week.
Ihe Straining of Quicksilver, Cleaning of Amal-
gam and Retorting.
The quicksilver oolleoted in kettles outside
the settler is strained through canvas sacks,
the amalgam collected is cleaned from small
mechanical impurities in a cleaning pan, then
restrained and retorted in an iron retort, be-
neath which fire is kept up for eight to twelve
hours. The distilled quioksilver is condensed
by a sleeve around the escape pipe, filled with
water. After cooling, the retott is opened and
the bullion is taken out and delivered to the
assayer.
The retort is a source of considerable expense
in milling. My experience leads me to prefer
a cylindrical retort of cast iron, weighing
about 1,200 pounds aud fourteen inches by
forty-eight inches inside dimensions. This
style has various external shapes, doors, etc.
The main trouble in retorting is this: with a
long continued bright cherry red heat at the
last, almost but not quite all of the quicksilver
can b 1 volatilized. The sublimation of the last
one or one and a half per cent, cannot be ef-
fected without heating the retort till part of the
bullion is melted, whioh requires a white heat.
At this temperature the iron l^ses its tenacity,
becomes spongy and rotten, and easily changes
its shape. In a short time, under this treat-
ment the retort becomes distorted, even if
turned around frequently, and after a time it
bursts, frequently volatilizing up the chimney
200 pounds of quicksilver. Three or four such
experiences a year are rather expensive. _ I
have made many experiments, such as retorting
in vacuum, firing twenty-four hours at a mod-
erate heat, etc., but finally concluded to brace
the retort as well as possible, never heat it
above cherry red, and submit to the loss of one
per cent, of quicksilver for the present. In
one's own aBsay office I think it can sulse-
quently be saved during melting, by a condens-
ing chamber in the Btack or chimney.
(To be Continued.)
The main north drift on the 1700-ft level of
the Gould & Curry mine will have about 40 ft
yet to run to conneot with the south drift from
the Best & Belcher. As soon as this connection
is oompleted, and the neoeBsary ventilation of
the level obtained, cross-cuts will be started to
out and prospect the ore vein at several different
points, and some lively developments may be
looked for.
386
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 12, 1875
banking.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Seligman & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
Ban Francisco Office No. 112 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid in, $1,600,000.
Remainder subject to call.
Dibeotobstn London— Hon. Hugh McOulloch, Reuben
Si. Sasaoon, William F. Scholfield, Isaac Seligman, Julius
ington.
Managers :
F. F. LOW and IGNATZ STEINHAKT,
San Francisco.
The Bank is now prepared to open accounts, receive de-
posits, make collections, buy and sell Exchange, and issue
Letters of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on proper securities. 2v!27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN FKAKCISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOGG President.
H. F. HABT1NGS Manager.
K, N. VAK BRTJNT Cashier.
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 428 California street San Franoisoo.
Eountze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, up«
daily balances of Gold and Currency.
Receive consignments of Sold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon,
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
431 Bush street, above Kearny SAN FBANCISOO
4v27tf Or. IXAHE, Director.
uli$i|ie$$ birectory.
GILKi 3. GRAT.
JAMea n. havkh.
&RAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Oali
forriiaand Leidesdorfi streets,
SAN FRANOISOO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street*
. W. corner Sacramento.
vjb i instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GrILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
Sold by all Denlers throughout the World.
WW. BABTLina. HBHBT KIMBALL.
BARTLIN& & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
SOS Olay street, (southwest cor. 8ansome),
6vl2-3m SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office,' 715 Olay Street, S. F.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent ! Agents ; Judge S.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28-3m
Books Published by
A. ROMAN & CO.,
SAN FEAN€ISCO.
Price.
THE KBSOUEOES OP CALIFORNIA. By John
8. Hitteli. Sixth Edition, rewritten. "The
most complete and comprehensive work of the
kind."
One volume, 12mo.,\;loth SI 75
One volume, l^uio., paper 1 26
NEVADA AND OALIrORVIA PROCESSES OF
GOLD AND SILVER EXTRACTION. By Ouido
Kustel. The hest practical work on the subject.
8vo., cloth 4 00
- 8vo., leather...: 5 00
LEGAL TITLES TO MINING CLAIMS AND
WATER RIGH rS IN CALIFORNIA. By Gregory
Yale. 8vo., leather 5 00
TREATISE ON SILK AND TEA COLTDBE AND
O THER ASIATIC INDUSTRIES. Adapted to the
soil and climate of California. By T. A. Kendo.
16mo. cloth. 50
8ULPHURETS. What they are, how Coqcen.
trated, how Assayed, and how Worked, with a
chapter on the Blow-pipe Assay of minerals. By
Wm. Barstow, M. D. 12mo„ cloth 1
A liberal discount to Booksellers and Newsdealers
from the above prices.
Any of the above works will bo sent, postage pre-
paid, on the receipt of the price, by the publishers,
A. BOMAN 8t CO., No. 11 Moutgom.ery.St., 8. F
eow-bp
Bubsobtbebs who by mistake get two copies of this
aper, should notify us without delay.
OVER #3,500 PER MONTH SAVED
BY THE USE OF
Hendy's Improved Amalgamator and Concentrator
Can be seen at the Manufactory, No. 32 Fremont Street, San Francisco.
SAN FRANOISOO, April 27. 1872.
JOSHUA HENDY, Esq.— Dear Sir.— As a practical miner and millnian, I take pleasure in recommending the
uue of your Concentrators in all mills where gold or silver ores are reduced. No mills should be without them,
for the following reasons:
1st. They are good sizers (no perfect concentration in pulverized ores can be effected without first sizing).
2d. The best Concentrator I have ever known — (the concentrated stuff only containing 6 per cent, of sand).
3d. They are good amalgamators, light (feathery) particles of amalgam and particles of coated gold by at-
trition are brightened, and from their specific gravity and the action of the pan, fall to the bottom and adhere.
4th. They require but little power and attention to run them, and with ordinary care will last for years.
I have been familiar with the workings of your Concentrators for four years past; have run them myself in
the North Star Mine, Grass Valley; am familiar with their practical workings on the Empire Mine, Grass Valley;
St. Patrick, PlacerCo.; St. Lawrence, El Dorado Co.; Oaks and Reese, Mariposa Co., and most cheerfully give
yon this testimonial. For further information you are at liberty to refer to, j
Yours respectfully, JAS. H. GROSSMAN, M. E.
409 California street, or Cosmopolitan Hotel.
SAN FRANOISOO, February 10, 1874.
Office Sttperintendent of Keystone Con. M. Co., Amadob, Amadoe County.
MR. J. HENDY— Dear Sir.— In answer to your inquiries as to your Concentrators furnished our company
last July, I would say that I am more than pleased with them; and the Baving to the company nas been ovei
$3,600 per month more than with the blankets and buddies formerly in use. O, O. HEWITT, Supt.
OFFICE SUMNER MINE, Kebnville, April 27, 1874.
J. HENDY, Esq. — Dear Sir.- Having four of your Concentrators in use at our Mills for four or five mouths,
which for Baving Amalgam and for concentrating Sulphurate, are a succssb, beyond a doubt, I feel it a duty
due you and those interested in Quartz Mills, to recommend them.
As further evidence of their worth, I now order TWELVE more of your Machines for our new Mill, now in
course of erection. E. R. BURKE, Superintendent,
For description send for Circular.
Office and Works, 32 Fremont street.
JOSHUA HENDY, San Francisco.
9v28-lm-tf
30)13 Notices.
For Washing- and Cleaning' Pax-poses.
For (Sale by all Grocers.
This article is universally used in Europe, and, recent;
introduced for general family use in San Franoisoo and
neighborhood, is already in great demand. It is now the
intention of the manufacturers to introduce it all ever the
Pacitlo Oc ast, at prices which will bring it within the reach
of every household.
It is unequalled for cleansing Woolen Fabrics, Cutler v.
Carpets or Crockery; for Scrubbing Floors, Washing paint,
Removing Grease Spots. Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water sof t, and imparts a delightful sense of
coolness after washing.
DIREOTIONS.-For Laundry, nse two to four table-
spooonfuls to a washtub of water. For bathing, use one
tablespoonfu] in the bath tnb. For removing grease spots,
apply with a brush, undiluted, and wash with water after-
ward. For .stimulating the growth of plants, use a few
drops In every pint of water used in watering.
PRICE. -Per Pint Bottle, 25 cents; per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents; per Half Gallon, 75 cents.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for chemical pur-
pose, fertilizing, and the preparation of artificial manures.
AMMONIAOAL PREPARATION, for the prevention and
removal of boiler scale. CRUDE AMMONIA, for general
manafacturing. and PURK LIQUOR and AQUA. AMMO-
NIA for chemical and pharmaceutical purposes.
8QJ- Manufactured by the
SAN FRANCISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowbp
Averill Chemical Paint,
UANT/FACTTJBED BY THE - - -
Cal. Chemical Paint Go.
PURE WHITE, AND ANY SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared in liquid form, READY FOB
APPLICATION — requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not spoil by standing any length of time. •
It is Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces a more Beautiful Finish than the best of any
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, rOrack, or Peel off, and will
laBt twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, 6tate whether for Outside or In-
side use, as we manufacture an Inside White (Flat) for
inside use, which will not turn yellow, and produces
a finish superior to any other White known.
Put up in f.j, Jg, 1,2 and 5 gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information send for Sample Card and
Price List, or a^ply to the office.
OFFICE and DEPOT: FACTORY:
117 Pine Street, ntar Front. Cor. 4th & TownBend Sts.
3v9-eow-bp-ly
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of .Manila Rope, all sizes:
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc, etc.
TUBBS & CO..
e20 till and 613 Front street, San Francisco
Dewey & Co. U™*iT\ Patent Agt's.
Ayer's Hair Vigor
— FOE —
aESTORING ORA.Y HAIR
TO ITS NATURAL VITALITY AND COLOR.
Advancing years, sick-
ness, care, disappoint-
ment, and hereditary
predisposition, all turn
the hoir gray, and either
of them incline it to shed
prematurely.
Ayeb's Haib Vigob, by
long and extensive use,
has proven that it stops
the falling of the hair
immediately, often re-
news the growth, and always Burely restores its color,
when faded or gray. It stimulates the nutritive organs
to healthy activity, and preserves both the hair and its
beauty. Thus braahy, weak or Biokly hair becomes
glossy, pliable and strengthened; lost hair regrows with
lively expression; falling hair is checked and Btablished;
thin hair thlokens; and faded or gray hair resume their
original color. Its operation is sure and harmless. It
cures dandruff, heals all humors, and keeps the scalp
cool, clean and soft — under which conditions, diseases
of the scalp are impossible.
As a dressing for ladies' hair, the Vigor is praised for
Its grateful and agreeable perfume, and valued for the
soft luster and richness of tone it impartB.
FBEFARED BY
DR. J. C. AYES & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS.
■y-Bpld by all Druggists and Dealers in Medicine.
CRANE & BRIGHAM, Wholesale Agents,
jylfi-SS SAN FBANCI8CO.
feSS<££i>A
This is a Sure Cure for Screw "Worm, Scab
and Foot Rot iu Sheep. It also kill.-. Ticks,
Lice, and all Parasites that infest Sheep.
Prevents scratching and greatly improves the quality
of the wool. One gtllon of the Dip properly diluted
with water will be sufficient to dip one hundred Bheep,
so that tbe cost of dipping is a mere trifle, and sheep
owners will find that they are amply repaid by the im-
proved health of their flocks.
Th 8 Dip 1b guaranteed to cure when used according
to directions, and to be vastly superior to Corrosive
Sublimate, Sulphur, Tobaco, and other remedies which
hsve heretofore been used by farmers.
Circulars sent, post paid, upor. application, gfviop.
fmi directions for us ubo, also certificates of promii em
Bheep growers who have used large quantities of tin
Dip, and. prunounce it the most effective am reliable
known Cure and Preventive of Scab and other kindred
diseases in Sheep, mrl3-bp
SAFE INVESTMENT.
The [Pacific Coast Twelve Per Cent.
Consols.
NEW METHOD WITH ASSURED AD-
VANTAGES.
A rapidly growing interest is being taken in the
Pacific Coast Twelve Per Cent Consols, in consequence
of the many advantages offered in regard to invest-
ment, interest and dividends. So much uncertainty
exists in connection with nearly all mining and other
speculative companies, there 1b something very aasur.
ing in an incorporation which not only guarantee*
twelve per cent, per year to all stockholders, but pro-
vides for the honest payment of dividends. The Twelve
Per Ceqt. Consols were incorporated on the 12th of
February last, for the purpose of transacting a .general
business in buying and selling mining properties, oity
real estate, and agricultural and other lands, in the
'States and Territories of the Pacific Coast. Deter-
mined to do only a strictly legitimate business, the
Directors rejected the old method in vogue by mining
companies generally, and adopted a new one which
secures to all parties who become shareholders, equal
advantages in the business transacted. By the provis-
ions of the by-laws,
A Sinking- Fund
Is to be made of one-half tbe proceeds of- the total cap-
tal Stock, which shall be sold on the Joint account of
the original co-owners. The stock will be classified as
follows: Sinking Fund, mining property, city real
estate and agricultural lands. Before any stock 1b
issued in any class, the property will be appraiBed by
the owners, and the stated value entered upon the
bo ks of the Company. Shares for not more than fifty
per cent, of the valuation will be ieBiied in any of the
classes, and the amount of shares offered for sale In
any one class, exclusive of the talus of stock in the
Sinking Fund, will not be allowed to exceed 60,000,
if sold at less than the par value of a dollar per share.
Guarantees of Safety.
• In regard to the Sinking Fund', which will constitute
fifty per cent, of the par value of the stock, all moneys
received as the proceeds of wiles of stuck on account of
the fund wiil be deposited with some solvent banking
institution, which pays interest on deposits invested
in intereBt bearing stocks, bonds and other securities,
which can he realized on in thirty days, and in no case
will it be lawful for the directors or trustees to Invest
any moneys of the Sinking Fund in tbe purchase of
stocks, bonds or other securities of any incorporatim
whatever, which shall have failed to pay interest or
dividends for a period of six months preceding any
proposed investment pertaining to .the Sinking Fund
of the Company.
Payment ot Interest.
The by-laws further make positive provision for the
payment of interest monthly on all stock issued in
each class at the rate of twelve per cent, per annum,
payable on the 5th day of each month. Another im-
portant concession is that any shareholder has tbe
option to take stock in payment for interest at par
value in any class that may be preferred. No assess-
ment will be levied until the total stock of the Sinking
Fund shall have been sold and paid out as provided by
the by-laws. Indeed, so secure is the plan of the Com-
pany that in oase the whole oapltal stock of the Company
should be sold immediately and the 8inking Fund in-
vested as provided, the proceeds would be sufficient to
pay the interest for eight years and a half on the total
capital stock. Perhaps no other company in the world
has ever been able to present so brilliant a certainty.
Dividends.
Stockholders will not only be sure of their twelve
per cent, per annum, but will share in all the surplus
profits. The dividends will be paid from the profits
and saleB of property, and only on shares of consols
that have been issued for property valued and entered
on the books of the Company. As there can be very
little question that the transactions of the Company
will be very extensive, and that the profits will rapidly
reach something handsome, the dividend prospect
should serve as a strong inducement to stock pur-
chasers, for perhaps in no other direction can they be
positive of receiving one per cent, a month for money
invested, and almost a certainty of large yearly divi-
dends in addition.
. A further provision can be made at any time by the
Company by setting aside the percentage agreed upon
of the spies- of the- properties of the Company. The
main object of the directors is to incorporate a more
legitimate and assured method of transacting business
in mining and property than has hitherto obtained on
this coast. They are therefore resolved to touch noth-
ing but bona fide Investments, and to make it a rule to
have nothing to do with speculative values. Every
possible care will be taken to protect the interests of
shareholders; and in order that they may be cont-tantly
posted In the transaciionB of the Company, a nv nthly
Btatement of affairs will be prepared by the officers,
and the books will be at all times open for inspection.
ShareB for tbe first eenes ist-ned for mining property
in Washoe, Storey and Lyon counties, and on toe Coin*
stork lode in Nevada, and for account of Sinking Fund,
will be ready for delivery to subscribers and purchasers
to-m"rrow, at ureenbaum & Co 's, 306 Montgomery
stre- 1. The set selling rate will be one-twenty, und the
buying rate one-nineteen. The principal office of the
Company is at 30ti Montgomery street. T. Phelps is tho
President, and W. S. Reynolds the Secretary,
my22eow bp
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Eearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Palntt-d at contract prleee, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors. Gents'Fumlsh'gG'ds,
Bootmakers, furniture Dealers.
Hatters, Jewelers.
Hotels, Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants, Etc, Etc-
June 12, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
387
piping (dactiijiery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ WCILIL,^,
Mad© by our Improved pro-
c«M. After many years of
patient research and experiment
wo hare saoceeded In producing
BTEilL SHOES AND DIES for
QUABTZ
MILLS,!
Strength,
Durability
and
X>ie. Mioe.
Economy.
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes.
BULLDEBS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pan*. Feparators, Concentratori*, Jiga,
Hydraulic Rock Brenkan, Furnaces, fcocinee, Boilers
and Shading, and Qeaeral Miniug Machinery In all its
details, anil Furnishers of Miuiug Supplies.
All orders promptly tilled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented Junuary U6, 1W75.
For description see Mining and Suikntific Peebs,
March 6, 1876.
For Cleaning' Quicksilver Before Using- it
for Amalgamation.
Mill-men are invited to examine the Patent Quick-
silver Strainer at the office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO-
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
(Machinery.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA- AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
(
"THE DANBURY"
DRILL CHUCK.
The Favorite Everywhere.
Bend stamp for circular.
The Hull k Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
P. S. — These Cbucka arc now on hand and for sale
at manufacturer's prlceB by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent, ,
Nos. W & 16 : First Street, S. F.
I
liODI. WORK BY CONTRACT.
Estimates given for Special Work of every
description. Are fully equipped with first-
class Machinery and Tools.
Tho Hull ft Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
I
IRON AND STEEL
DROP * FORGING.
Of Every Description, at Seasonable Prices.
The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct,
I
CRANK PLANERS.
Superior Donign and. Workmanship, Extra Heavy (1400 Ya. )
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED,
TO PLANE 12x16x15. '
The Hull k Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
1
"DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
IMPBOVED ADJUSTABLE CEANK PIW .
Strum Blot Heaty or Light, Past or Slow.
Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1875.
jTho Hull & BeUen Company, Danbury, Ct
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting Steam Pump.
W. T. GARRATT,
Oor . Fremont He Natoma
streets, S. F-,
Sold Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
Tlie Best Pump in U$v.
tar SEND FOR CIRCULAR
N. B.— Also manufacturer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double- Acting Force Pump.
Medal swarded at the Unit Mechanics' Fair In San Froncidco.
Received the Silver
]Wv27-Vum3m
MA1! \
— ^SYSTEMATIC
T ^rfiTr^fi ,s m ^ *:T ' ^Tq
LUN__^ AND ^_«.
_C°NtENTR/*TlO^
. ^"^"T of )
Machine'
CALIFORNIA WINE COOPERAGE
AND MILL CO.
30, 32 & 34 Spear St.
• M.FULDA&SONS
Proprietors.
Mannfactnrers of
WATER TANKS. SHIP
, TANKS, MINING
WORK,
| WINE, BEEK AND LTQUOB
| CASKS, TANKS, ETO.
Cooperage and Tanks, Steamed
and Dried Before or After
Manufacture atBoason-
able Bates.
Sawing, Planing, etc.
at Short Notice. eowbp
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extba Heavy aito" Improved Patterns,
PUTNAM MACHINE CO.,
Manufacturer.
LATHES, PLANEB8, BOEINO MILLS, DBILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, BODBEE *OT TAPPINfJ
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING;
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Addre&B
PARKE & LACY,
310:California Street, S. F
MACHINERY.
Iron and Wood-working Machinery, Wood Planers,
Lathea, Mitre and Cutting-off Saws, Iron Turning and
Screw Gutting Lathes, Pi mere, Shapers and Drilling;
Machines, Screw and Scroll Chucks, from the best
makers, always on hand and for sale cheap by
NEYLAN & YOTJNG,
mar27eo.w 18 & 20 Spear Street, 8. F.
LANE & BODLEY,
John & Water Sts., Cincinnati.
• Sole Manufacturers of Bruckner's Patent
REVOLVING FURNACE
' for Chlorldtzlng, Deralphurizing and Boaitlnf
Ores. Steam Engines and Mining Machinery, q
1ST Send for onr Illustrated catalogue.
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
DIAMONftJOVINE PILLS.
"ATARkH»A5?lf™COLDS — Dr. Evory'e Diamond
Catarrh Remeay'never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Marbet street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., opposite Pal ace Hotel. Sold by all drug-
gists.
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
STEAM ENGINES AN0 BOILERS.
From 3 to75-horae power. Shifting, Pulleys, Ho'st Gears.
Quartz Mill*. Water Tanks. Spmteb Aras'ros. Pumps and
Pipes. Hepburn and BelaVn Pans, and all kindB of Ma-
chinery for sale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
- i 266 Brannan Btreet, S. F.
Highest casb prices paid for all kinds of Machinery.
<>. &; 11. J£AItlVJE:T'T%
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
Brittan, Holbrcok & Co.. Importers of
Stoves ami Meials. Tiniisre' Goods, TooIb and Machines
ill and 11 California St., 17 and 19 Davis St., Sao Fran-
cisco, am' 178 J St., Sacramento. mr.-ly
Jletallljrgjf and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS Iff
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC..
512 and 614 Washington street. BAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Asaayen*
Ohemlsts, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to our large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing these supplies sine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast,
■y Ooi Oold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of fineness, and val-
aable tables for computation of assays in Oralis
Grammes, will be nent free upon application.
7v26-tf
JOHN TAYLOR k CO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
f lied r Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
Have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the moBt perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required r&pairs. The constant and incroaHing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed so as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
Che apperture and between the grinding surfaces.
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver
The curved plateB again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference aB before. Thus
it is constantly passing aregnlar flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp bo constantly and perfectly in con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setler*
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francis©*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of OreB, Minerals, Waters, etc. *
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
B. HXTHN,
C. A. LTJOKHASDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODGERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
IBfAJiCES MAM
•■«ll kind* or Ore., and particular utteotloa
PAID TO
OOflSISNJH ENT8 OF OOOJI.
.yU-Jm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENRY G. HANKS
Will receive a few pupils at hiB new laboratory, 617
Montgomery Btreet, np-Btaire. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
{Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, 8. F.)
Ajs&sxyeir and lMCet&llujrgfioa,}
CHEMIST,
KJyp*. 411 Commercial Street.
4%i£n>3ite the U.S. Branch Mint
San Francisco Oal. 7v'1\-H<o
JEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER.
THAUE
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced ce'taln unscrupulous persons ti> offer
'heir interior productions in Husks having our Trade
Murk -'A," notice is given to co .Burners and shippers
►hat Quicksilver. A brnnd. euarnntefd weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or bis duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B. 3-tANDOL, Manager,
New Almaden, April 6th, 1875.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 12, 1875
Patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of U. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fnow Official Reports fob the Mining and Soien-
tifio Press, DEWEY & CO., Publishers Aim
TJ. 8. AND FOREIGN PATENT AGENTS.]
By Speoial Dispatch., Dated "Washington,
D. C, June 8th, 1875.
Fob "Week Ending May 25th, 1875."
Machine fob Sating Quicksilver.— John W.
Yarney, Virginia City, Nev.
Spring Tbaoe Cabbiek^and Back Loop. — Wm.
Davis, Petalnma, Gal.
Shoe fob Wagon Brakes. — John Grimste,
Milton, Cal.
Pbinteeb* Galley. — Henry H. McWilliams,
Sacramento, Cal.
Tbaction Engine. — William H. Milliken, Saora-
mento, Cal.
BE-I3SFE.
Hydbaulic Elevatob. — Timothy Stebins, San
Francisco, Cal.
*The patents are not ready for delivery by the
Patent Office nntil some 14 dayB after the date of issue.
Note. — Copies of U. 8. and Foreign Patents furnished
by Dewey & Go., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph or otherwise) at the lowest rates. All patent
business for Pacific coast inventors transacted with
perfect security and in the shortest possible time.
General News Items.
Bepobe her examination by the physicians
which resulted in declaring her insane, Mrs.
Lincoln carried $57,000 in securities in her
pocket. She also spent large sums of money,
bought $600 worth of lace curtains; three
watches costing $450; $700 worth of jewelry;
$200 worth of Lubin's soaps and perfumeries,
and a whole piece of silk.
The Sioux chiefs hare returned from their
visit to Washington, dissatisfied with their
treatment by the authorities, and it is feared
they will take revenge for supposed grievances
by attacking the Black Hills pioneers.
Mrs. M. L. Sanbobn is a candidate for Su-
perintendent of Schools, iu San Diego county,
and as her qualifications are undisputed, and
she is supported by papers of both parties, it
is probable she will be chosen without opposi-
tion.
Indictments have been found against several
citizens of New York for complicity in the Tweed
frauds, and the prosecu'ion of all suits 'against
members of the ring are being pushed vigor-
ously.
Affairs in the Pennsylvania coal regions are
still in an unsettled state, and a collision between
strikers and miners now at work, may occur
at any time.
* The it Ian tic cotton mills in Lawrence.Mass.,
employing 1,200 operatives, will shut down on
account of the dull market, on July 10th, and
remain closed till September 1st.
Miss Maby Telfaib, who died in Savannah
last week, bequeathed the greater pnrtion of
her estate, valued at $1,000,000, to religious and
charitable objects.
They have a zinc spring near Quinoy, Plu-
mas county, and already wonderful cures are
reported from those wbo have quaffed its waters.
The suspension, for want of support, of tho
weekly journal, Common Sense, speaks well for
the good sense of San Francisco people.
The meeting of the National Photographic
Society which was to have been held in this
city next month has been postponed to 1877.
A pine new barn belonging to Michael Rogers
was burned in Sunol, Alameda county, last
Monday. Loss, $15,000; partially insured.
W. H. Talcott, buyer for H.B.Claflin & Co.,
has been arrested on a charge of buying $400,-
000 worth of smuggled laces.
A German named Gotthold Behrens suicided
by inhaling charcoal fumes in this oity, on
Sunday last.
Reports from the Fiji Islands state that
50,000 of the natives have lately died of the
measles.
Rev. A. R. Fisk, the new pastor of Howard
St. Presbyterian church, preached his initiatory
sermon last Sunday.
The P. M. S. S. Co.'s new steamship City of
New York, was launched at Chester last Satur-
day.
The Arojo wine cellarin Visalia waa destroyed
by fire last Wednesday. Loss $£,'000. Incen-
diarism.
The International Typographical Convention
has been in session in Boston this week.
The German corvette, Arcona, lies at anchor
within the portals of the Golden Gate.
Goods intended for exhibition at the Cen-
tennial can be imported duty free.
Coinage of twenty cent pieces has been
commenced at the S, F. mint.
Huenkme now has telegraphic communica-
tion with the outside world.
The American rifle team sailed from New
Yoik on Saturday last.
A new time table on the S. P. B. R. went
into effect this week.
Modesto thermometers marked 105® in the
shade last Saturday.
The small-pox is raging in New Tork oity.
Industrial Items.
The Lincoln fire clay has been used in the rol-
ling mills at San Francisco, and found equal to
the best Eastern quality. Two car loads of the
clay have been used at Selby's works, San
Francisco, and found satisfactory, and practical
tests have been made in the potteries also at
Oakland.
The Butte Becord says: It is announced
that H. Hale & Son, of Petersburg, Ills., are
willing to bring their woollen millB to California
and take one-third the capital stock. Let them
come to Chieo, and they will not be obliged to
repeat the offer.
In Los Angeles the Board of Directors of
the East Los Angeles and San Pedro 6treet rail-
road have directed lhe president of the com-
pany to proceed at once to order the necessary
material to build five miles of road, on the
prismoidal plan, from the southern limits of
the city to East Los Angeles.
Late advices from San Fernando tunnel say
that five hundred men are at work in the out.
The south end is 150 feet deep, and on the
north end the work is on the approaches. Con-
siderable trouble bad been experienced from a
cave of soapy sand.
Mb. A. L. Stinson, proprietor of the Pioneer
hosiery manufactory at Jefferson, Oregon, has
commenced operations, the cardings and spin-
ning rooms being under the charge of Mr.
James Barnes, a gentleman lately from a large
factory in the East.
Corrected returns made to the Bureau of
Statistics show- that 18, LQ6 emigrants, of whom
9,049 were males, and 8,157 females, arrived at
the port of New York during May, 1875.
A new planing mill is being erected by the
Central Pacific railroad company near the ship
yard. Its dimensions are 200x60 feet, and two
stories in hight.
A joint stock company has been formed in
Guerneville to manufacture ohairs, with a
working capital of $4,000.
From 1,200 to 1,400 men are now at work on
thd El Dorado ditch, about half of whom are
Chinamen.
The wharf at Santa Monica has reached
1,300 feet from the starting point.
The
Nature's Great Specific.
Extraordinary Virtues of Bethesda
Mineral Spring- Water.
In this age of ceaseless activity and general excite-
ment, there are so many influences at work to engender
disease and enfeeble health that few persons possess
sufficient physical stamina to enable them to dispense
altogether with corrective and restorative agencies.
Of course, under the circumstances, there ure numer-
ous specifics offered as efficacious In the several depart-
ments of disease. Experience, however, has proved
that most of them are worse than useless, inasmuch as
they either further impair the vital powers or aggra-
vate suffering. Medical science, on the other band,
while it reaches the diagnosis of disease and is able to
prescribe certain remedies to check for a time tha pro-
gress of decay, does not, in ihe great majority of
is stances, restore the human system to its natural vigor
and eradicate the seeds of disease which render health
impossible while they remain.
A Wonderful Discovery.
Nature, however, has been more friendly to the
human family than medical science per se, and' the
mo.-t malignant diseases have been trought under con-
trol by her agency. The cures, for example, effected
Oy the use of Bethesda Mineral Spring Water have been
of bo remarkable a character aB not only to attract uni-
versal attention, but to cause the utmost surprise in
the scientific world. This discovery may truthfully be
pronounced one of the most important that has ever
been made in connection with disease, and as the repu-
tation of the water is now established beyond all cavil,
and its achievements as a specific conclusively demon-
strated, nothing but the bare facts need be stated, for
the tests have been so thorough and the results so
satisfactory thatnothing can really prejudice the case.
Triumph over Deadly Diseases.
There is no known remedial agent that can cure
certain diseases as effectually as Bethesda Water. It
is specified in all cases of diabetes, inflammation of the
kidneys, inflammation of the neck of the bladder and
urethra, inflammation of the bladder, dropsy, gouty
swellings, stoppages of urine, albuminuria, ropy or
cloudy urine, brick dust deposits; thick, moihid,
bilious and dark appearing urine, with bone dust de-
posits; burning Miration with sharp pains when void-
in g urine; hemorrhage of the kidney b; pain in the
kidneys and loins, torpid liver, indigestion, calculus,
and female weakness.
Almo-t as soon as the water waB "discovered its great
virtues were established in the most positive manner.
Cure followed upon cure, marvels succeeded wonders,
the most aggravated form of disease succumbed to this
potent and all powerful remedy, the hopelessly lost re
gained their strength, the doomed were restored to.
health, shriveled, shrunken, helpless beings were
brought back to life, men enured to long suffering and
bitter anguish reveled in the relief of restored powers,
while here and there and everywhere the magic of
Bethe&da, the certainty of its cure, and the marvel of
its work was heralded as doing the work of miracles.
Its discoverer was beginning to be appreciated; the
taunt, the jest and the sneer fell as before some superior
power, and where ridicule bad been instituted admira-
tion took its place; while encouragement to the man,
praise, laudation and favor occupied all places and
claimed ever attention.
What is Claimed.
The water has restored thousands from the brink of
the grave; given health and strength to those deemed
beyond the reach of all medical science, and turned
the path of affliction to one of happiness in the bless-
ings contained within its virtues. It cures the deadly
Bright's disease; eradicates all diseases of the kidneys;
restores the urinary organB to strength and power; is a
certain specific in dyspepsia; and unfailing antidote to
a diseased and poisoned system from any and all causes;
a sure agent in all cases of debility, nervous prostration
or loss of power; acts with unerring certainty in giv-
ing new life to a languid and overtaxed system — in a
word it is a natural restorer of health and has per-
formed the most wonderful and miraculouB cures of
any known Bpecifio on the globe.
The agents everywhere have numerous testimonials
iu proof of the wonderful cures effected, and the Bales
of the water are greatly on the increase in every State
of the Union. The general agents in this city are
Dunbar, Hendry & Lavery, at 107 Stookton Btreet.—
Evming Post.
"KNOW THYSELF."
The great educator, profound thinker, and*
vigorous writer, Herbert Spencer, has wisely
said : "As vigorous health and its accompanying
high spirits are larger elements of happiness
than any other things whatever, the teaching
how to maintain them is a teaohing that yields
to no other whatever." This is sound senti-
ment, and one great want of the present age is
the popularization of Physiological, Hygienic
and Medical science. No subject is more prac-
tical,— none comes nearer home to every man
and woman than this. "The People's Com-
mon Sense Medical Adviser, In Plain English,
or Medicine Simplified," by E. V. Pierce,
M. D , is a book well calculated to supply a
manifest want, and will prove eminently useful
to the masses. It contains about nine hun-
dred pages, is illustrated with about two hun-
dred wood-cuts and fine colored plates, is
printed upon good paper, and well bound. It
is a complete compendium, of anatomical,
physiological, hygienic and medical science,
and embodies the latest discoveries and im-
provements in each department. It has been
the author's aim to make the work instructive
to the masses, and hence the use of technical
terms has .been, as far as possible, avoided,
and every subject brought within the easy com-
prehension of all. An elevated moral tone
pervades the entire book. While it freely dis-
cusses, in a scientific manner, the Origin,
reproduction and development of man, it does
not cater to depraved tastes, perverted passions
or idle curio&icy, but treats in a chaste and
thorough manner, all those delicate physiolog-
ical subjects, a proper knowledge of which
acquaints us with the means for preserving
health, and furnishes incentives to a higher
and nobler life. The author, who is also the
publisher of his work-, anticipating a very large
sale for it, has issued twenty thousand oopies
for the first edition, and is thus enabled to
offer it (post-paid) at one dollar and fifty cents
per copy, — a price less than the actual coat of
so large a book, if published in only ordinary-
sized editions. The large number of sub-
scribers received for it in advance of its public
cation, has very nearly exhausted the first
edition almost as eoou as out, and those
desiring a oopv of it will do well to address the
author, at Buffalo, N. Y., without delay. — Com.
Our Agents*
Oub Feienbs can do much in aid of our paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents In their labors of oanvasBing, by lending their
Influence and encouraging favors. We intend to Bend
none but worthy men.
J. L. Tharp— San Francisco.
B. W. Cbowell— California.
A. O. Champion— Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Comities.
John Robtoon— California.
A. O. Knox, California.
G. Yv*. McGbew— Santa Clara county.
Ohas. T. Bell- California, Oregon and W. T.
D. J. James— Australian Colonies.
METALS.
[WHOLESALE. 1
"Wednesday, m., June 9, 1875.
American Pis Iron.'P ton @ « 00
Scotch Pig Iron,;* ton 46 00 tg 48 00
White Pig, ft ton ® 46 00
Oregon Pig.1© ton ... @ 46 00
Refined Bar, bad assortment, ^pt lb g— Z)%
Refined Bar, good assortment, f* D» @ — 4
Boiler, No. 1 to 4 @ — 6^
Plate, No. 5 to 9 @ — 5}£
Sheet. No. 10 to 14 — — @ — y<
Sheet, No. 16 to 30 — 5S@ — 5if
Sheet. No. 52 to 24 — 6 © — 6>a
Sheet, No. 26 to 23 — 6M@ - 1
Horse Shoes, per keg. 7 SO m 8 00
Nail Rod —10 ®
Norway Iron — 9 @
Rolledlron — 6 r§
Other Irons for Blaoksmitha, Miners, eta. @ — 4j£
Ooppeb.—
Braziers' — 35 @
Copper Tin'd — 37^ — 4
O' SKeVs Pat - 37^4-40
Sheathing, ft lb -- 40 @ - 24
Sheathing, Yellow 9 — 25
Sheathing, Old Yellow I® — 12,1*
Composition Nails — 24 ©
Composition Bolts — 24 m — —•
■Steel.— English Oast, ^ lb — 20 @ — 25
Anderson & Woods' American Cast- @ — 16^
Drill - *•• @— 16>$
Flat Bar — 18 @ — t£
Plow Steel - 9 @ — 10
Tin •Plates.—
10x11 10 Charcoal .' 12 00 m 12 M)
lOxUIXOharooal 14 00 S 14 50
Roofing Plate I O Charcoal 11 00 ® 11 50
Baoca Tia ■ —30 © — 32
Australian ■ —28 «D — 30
Zinc... .By the<-a<<k. @— U
Zino, Sneet7i3 ft No7to 10f>B> (a — 11
do do 7x3 ft, Nell to 14 ^ — HM
do do 8x4ft,No8tolO © — 11^
do do 8x1 fL, No 11 to 10 @ - 12
Nails Assorted sizes 4 25 m B 70
Quicksilver, per lb — 65 @ — 70
LEATHER.
r WHOLESALE. 1
Wednesday, m., June 9, 1875.
Oity Tanned Leather, ft lb «a20
Santa Ortiz Leather, ft lb 2fi@2g
Country Leather, ft lb 24@2p
Stockton Leather, ft fl> 25(320
Jodot.8 Kil., perdoz $50 00® MOfl
Jodot, 11 to l3Kil.,Derdoz €8 OOfft 79 Oo
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., perdoz ..82 00@94 "0
Jodot, Becond choice, 11 to IK Kil. ft doz.. 57 OUte* 74 0
Oornehian, 12 to 16 Ko 57 00® G7 (if1
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 00® 67 i)0
nornellian Females. 14 to- lfi Kil 71 oOfa) 76 5"
Simon TJllmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 OOg) W (,0
Simon Ollmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 OOaj 72 00
Simon Ullmo Females, lfito 17, Kil 73 00^75 00
Simon, 18 Kil. ,9 doz 61 00® 63 "d
Simon, 20 KiL ft doz 65 00® 67 flu
Simon. 24 Kil. ft doz 72 00@ 74 00
Robert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil.... 35 OOfaJ 40 00
(Trench KipB, ft tt 100® 1 W
California Kip, « doz 40 00®] F* HI
French Sheep, all colore, $ doz 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Calf for Backs, ^9 lb 1 00® 1 2fi
Sheep Roans for Topping, all oolors, $ doz 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, 3ft doz 5 509 10 S.1
California Rna3ett Sheep Linings 1 75® 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot Lees, ^tpair 5 00® 5 2d
Good French Oalf Boot Legs, $ pair 4 00® 4 75
French Oalf Boot Legs,$ pair 4 00@ —
Harness Leather,^* lb 30® 37
Fair Bridle Leather. <fi doz 48 0fl@ 72 —
Skirting Leather, ft ft 33® 37>4
Welt Leather, % doz 30 00® 50 00
Buff Leather, $ foot 17® S
Wax bide Leather. V foot 17® 0
MINING ENGINEERING.
A Practical Treatise on Coal Min-
ing, by George Q-. Andre',
f. a. s.,
To be Compldtdin Twelve Monthly Parti, of AH Paget, in
Royal ito, Illustrated by Six Plata of Practical Drawing!,
Part* one and two now ready— Price, $2.00 each.
The work will be divided into fifteen chapters, aa
follows:
1. PRACTICAL GEOLOGY. 2. COAIi, IT8 MODE OP
OCCURRENCE, COMPOSITION AND VARIETIES
3. SEARCHING FOR COAL. i. SHAFT SINKING.
*6. DRIVING OF LEVELb. OR NARKO * WORK. 6.
SYSTEMS OF WORKING. 7. GETTING TBE GOAL.
8. HAULAGE. 9. WINDING. 10. DRAINAGE. 11.
VENTILATION. 12. INCIDENTAL OPERATIONS.
13. SURFACE WORKS. 14 MANAGEMENT AND
ACCOUNTS. 15. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COAL-
FIELDS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA.
Eaoh of these chapters will deal fully with the sub.
ject to the treatment of which it is devoted; and the
value of the descriptions will be materially increased
by the addition of numerous drawings of a practical
character.
A Practical Treatise on Mine Engineering-,
by G. O. Greenwell, F. G. S.t
Id. I. C. E.,
Containing 64 colored plates drawn to a large sea1.*, and
255 jip. of letter press, ito, hansomely half -bound in
morocco. Price, $21.00.
E- Ac F. TV- 8PON,
Scientific Publishers,
No. 446 Broome Street,
NEW TORE.
UNITED STATES
Mineral Land Laws, Revised Statutes,
And Instructions and Forma Under the
Same.
We have just lsBued a pamphlet containing the gen
era! mineral land laws of the United States, with In.
structions of the Commissioner of the Land Office.
The contents of this pamphlet comprise all of the Gov-
ernment laws with relation to mineral lands of inter-
est to the mining community, as follows: Mining
Statute of May 10th, 1872, with Instructions by the
Commissioner of the Land Office; Mining Statute of
July 20th, I860; Mining Statute of July 9th, 1870
Forme required under Mining Act of May 10th, 1872, as
follows: Notice of Location; Request for Survey; Ap-
plication for Patent; Proof of Posting Notice and Dia-
gram of the Claim; Proof that Plat and Notice remained
Posted on Claim during Time of Publication; Regis-
ters' Certificate of Posting Notice for Sixty Days; Agree-
ment of Publisher; Proof of Publication; Affidavit of
$500 Improvements; Statement and Charge of Fees;
Proof of Ownership and Possession in Case of Lobs or
absence of Mining Records; Affidavit of Citizenship;
Certificate that no Suit is Pending; Power of Attorney;
Protest and Adverse Claim; Non-Mineral Affidavit;
Proof that no Euowu Veins Exist in a Placer Claim,
etc. There is also given the U. S. Coal Land, Law and
Regulations thereunder. The work comprises thirty
pages, and will be Bold, post-free, for 50 cents. It
Bhould be in the hands of every one having
any mining interests. DEWEY & CO.,
Publisher of Mining and Scientific Press, 8. F.
N. B.— We have also added to the above publication,
the Revised Statutes of the United States, bo far as
relates to Mining Laws.
Brass Foundry & Pump Factory.
.A. 'jr. SMITH, Plumber,
Bole Proprietor and Manufacturer of the
Celebrated Hudson Force Pumps, Atwood
& Bodwell Windmill Brass Pumps,
Smith's Copper-Lined Pumps,
Plumbers' Force Pumps.
*&• Special attention paid to Brewers', Distillers', Boer
and Hot Liquor Pumps, an 1 Wine Pumpa. Fartioular
attention paid to AIR PUMPS, also to
DIVERS* SUBMARINE PUMPS.
Artesian "Well Pumps Made to Order.
CO" Brass Castings Made to Order.
No. 322 FREMONT STREET, - - SAN FRANCISCO.
SAN FRANCISCO
Pioneer Screen Works,
Removed to 32 Fremont Street, near Market.
J. W. QUICK,
Manufacturer of perforated
sheet meials of every descrip-
tion, .at reduced rates. Mill
ownea a-iim Baiter; Screens
extensively, can contract for
large supplies at favorable rates.
This is the only establishment
on the Coast di-voti d exclusively
to the manufacture of aoreeos.
mm
Ames9 Genuine Chester Emery
<*>
Has been reduced from Beven cents to six
cents per pound for grains in kegs, flour
and fine flour remaining at four cents per
pound, as heretofore. Important discounts
totba trade. Send for circulars.
E. V. HAUGHWOUT & CO.,
2d Beekman Street, New York.
MILL MEN.
"Wanted, by a thoroughly practical mill man, a situa-
tion as First Engineer. Foreman, or General
Manager. Is an engineer aod machinist ' y trade,
and has a fair knowledge o assaying, milling, etc.
Apply to A. M. KRUTTSCHNITT,
Korth C and Mill streets, Virginia Oity, Nevada.
June 12, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
389
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
The highest aiui only prize of It* claHtt given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION.
at their Fair In Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
BOOKS.
The Latest and Host Standard "Works on
ENGINEERING,
MECHANICS AND MACHINERY,
STEAM ENGINE.
CARPENTRY, MASONRY,
ARCHITECTURE.
METALLURGY. ASSAYING
MINERALOGY.
MINING,
AGRICULTURE
IRRIGATION and
HYDRAULICS
FOR BALE BY
A. L. BANCROFT & CO.,
721 MAB.KET STREET, S. F.
Catalogues Supplied Free.
BAIRD'S
FOB PRACTICAL MEM.
Our new and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS— 96 pages. 8vo.— sent free to any
one who will 1 uru-h his address.
HENRY CAREY BAIED & CO.,
Industrial Publishers and Booksellers,
16p 406 Walnut street, Philadelphia.
NIMUOD BATJLSIB. RICHARD 0. HANSON.
RICHARD C. HANSON & CO.,
BLOCK & PUMP MAKERS,
IMPORTER* OF A LL KINDS OF
Patent Bushings & Gearing Apparatus,
STEEL FRICTION ROLLERS,
MINING BLOCKS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
PRESSED LEATHER FOR PUMPS,
Lignum Vltee for Mill Purposes.
NO. 9 SPEAR STREET,
- - - San Francisco
jp^am
N. W. SPATJLDINO,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
MANUyAOTOUKB Or
SPAULDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most do able and economi-
cal Saws In the Woi.d.
Each Saw ia Warranted in every respect;
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE
At the lowest Market Prices.
JgONpiPE
Pipe Fittings & Brass Goods,
AT BOTTOM PRICES.
JAMES lT~BAB,KER,
406 and 408 Market street, San Francisco,
fly Orders hy. mail will receive prompt attention
mrl3-eow-bp
RUSSELL'S
OKEON PILE CURE.
To those suffering from Piles — External, Internal
and Itching Files: You can be oured, as hundreds pf
others have been. Send for Circular and see undoubted
testimony. Will send sample bottle for $2, or three
bottleB for $5.
Call upon your Druggist, or address
DR. RUSSELL,
No. 5 Post street, San Francisco.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
16 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to GO pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS, GAMES >jjBI RP££ Black
HOUDANS. ^SBP»< .CAYUGA DUCKS-
EGGS, freeb, pure; parked so as to hatch after arrival on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
Li at, addreBB
M. E7RE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
Female Complaints should be cured, as they often
an be, by a few doses of Ayer'g Sareaparilla.
piping apd Other Copipajiies.
California Consolidated Mill and Mining
Company. Location of principal place of business,
Ban Francisco, Oal.
Notice,— There are delinquent upon the following
described (stock, on account of assessment levied on
the lttt day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Burke, T 33 100 f 60 00
Burke, T 34 60 26 00
Burke, T 36 60 26 00
Hendy. Joahua 84 70 35 00
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 73 24,550 12,275 00
Hendy, Joshua, Trustee. 78 2,116 1,068 00
Heardon, John 80 60 25 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 1st day of April, 1875,
so many sbaaes of each parcel of said stock as may be
necessary, will be sold at public auction, at the office
of the company, 408 California street, room 16, on the
18th day of May, 1875, at the hour of 1 o'clock p. m.,
of said day, t i pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TEIPP, Secretary.
Office, Room 16, No. 408 California street, San Fran.
cIbco, Oal.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above sale Is postponed
until Tuesday, the 15th day of June, 1876, at 3 o'clock
p. M. By order of the Board of Directors.
.- J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Carbon Coal Company — Location of Prin-
cipal place of business, San FranclBco, Oal.
Notice.— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on the
first day of May, 1875, the several amounts set opposite
the names of the respective shareholders as follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
JWHarker Unissued 100 $126 00
A P Brayton, Jr Unissued 100 126 00
J Martenstein & Co.. Unissued 100 125 00
L A Booth Unissued 100 125 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the first day of May, 1876,
so many Bhares of each parcel of said stock as may
be necessary, will be Bold at public auction, at the
office of the Secretory, No. 220 Clay street, San Fran-
cisco, on the fourteenth day of June, 1875, at the hour
of one o'clock P. M., of said day, to pay said delinquent
assessment thereon, together with costs of advertising
and expenses of sale.
N. O. FASSETT, Secretary.
Office— No. 220 Clay street. San Francisco, California.
Cordillera Gold and Silver Mining Com-
faiiy. Location of principal place of business, Sao
'rancisco, Cal. Location of works, More las Mining
District, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Notice ib hereby given, thatat a meeting of tbe Board of
Directors, held on the 8th instant, an aessessinent of Ten
cents i er ehare was levied upon the capital stock of the
corpora ion, payable immediately, in United States gold
coin, to the Secretary, at the office of the company, No.
321 Washington street, San Francisco, Cal.
Any st-jck up'in which tbjB'awessment sbnll remain un-
paid on ihe 13th day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised : or sale at publio auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Saturday, the 3d day of
July, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale. By order of the
Hoard of Directors.
HENRY R. REED, Secretary.
Office. No. 321 Washington street, San Kranci>co. t'al.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
tany.— Principal place of buainesB, Oily and County of
an Franci-co, State of California. Location of works.
Cherry Creek Mining DiBtrict, White Pine County, State
of Nevada
Notice Is hereby given, thatat a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 13th day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment of twenty-five cents per share was levied upon tbe
capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately, in
United States gold com, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco.
Anj stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the 14th day of June, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public aaction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Wednesday, the 30th day of
J one, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
Office, Room 14,302 Montgomery street, San Francisco
Oai.
Near Market,
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOB SALE OB LEASE I
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
County, 250 acres in extent. For full particulars,
Address J. L. COAN,
233 Third street,
Or call at 412 Market street.
{Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a large Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Oast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc
1 WM. McORINDLE, Manager, 23 & 24 Fremont St. , S. F.
Diamond Drill Co.
The nndeisigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furniBhed of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mineB
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 316 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v26-t.f
THE NEVADA
QUARTZ MINING PROPERTY FOR SALE,
With a new 15-stamp mill, now running. Has its own
water power, with houses, Bhops, etc. Government
title; joins the Providence mine, on Deer Creek, Nevada
City, Cal. For sale or to bond.
Address,
I. S. VAN WINKLE,
413 Market street, San Francisco.
Martin & Walling Mill and Mining Com-
pany, Location of principal place of business, San
Francisco, California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 24th doy of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders aB
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Bishop, Edgar 62
Cox. AP -. 4?
Cooper, Mrs Mary E 10
Flannigan, Martin 110
Flannigan, Marti i Ill
Flannigan, Martin 112
Gibbons, OP 107
Hudgin.JohnD 11
Hud-iii, John D 12
Hudgin.JohnD 13
Hudgin.JohnD, 14
Hudgin, John D 15
Hudgin.JohnD 16
Hudgin, John D. 17
HudgiB. John J) 18
Hudgin.JohnD 19
Hudgin.JohnD 20
Hudgin.JohnD............. 21
Hudgin.JohnD 67
Hudgin.JohnD 68
Hudgin.JohnD 70
Hudgin.JohnD 71
Hudgin, John D 74
Hudgin.JohnD 75
Hudgin, John D 77
Hudgin.JohnD 78
Hudgin.JohnD 79
Hudgin.JohnD 80
Hudgin.JohnD 81
Hudgin.JohnD.., 82
Hudgin.JohnD 83
Hudgin.JohnD 84
Morgan, John S 43
Morgan, John S 49
Morgan, John S 67
Morgan, John S 68
Spencer, A G 62
Tripp, J W 92
Tripp.J W 94
Tripp, J W 95
Tripp, J W 101
Williams, Robt F 7
Williams, Robt F 22
Williams, Robt F 23
Williams, Robt F 24
Williams, Robt F 25
Williams, Robt F 26
WilliamB, Robt F 28
Williams. Robt F 29
Williams, Robt F 30
Williams, Robt F 81
Williams, Robt F 82
Williams, Robt F 83
Williams, RobtF... 34
ioo
5IJ 00
60
25 00
50
25 00
75
37 50
100
50 00
100
60 00
100
50 00
60
25 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
60 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
60 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
60 00
35
12 60
25
12 50
35
12 60
25
12 50
26
12 50
26
12 50
60
25 00
60
25 00
50
25 00
50
25 00
50
25 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
50
26 0J
100
50 00
2000
1000 00
125
62 50
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
100
50 00
2000
1000 00
100
50 00
ioo
60 00
100
50 0C
100
50 00
100
60 00
100
50 00
100
50 M
100
50 0G
100
60 00
200
100 OC
200
100 OC
200
100 00
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount
Williams. Robt F 36 200 10 0 00
Williams, Robt F 36 200 100 00
WillianiH, RobtF 37 200 100 00
WilliamB, Robt F *.... 38 200 100 00
WilliamB, Robt F 39 200 100 00
Williams, Robt F 40 200 100 00
Williams. RobtF 41 200 100 00
Whalen.John 69 60 25 00
Whulen. John 60 100 50 00
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 24ib day of April,
1675, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
office of the company, 408 California street, room 16, Han
Francisco, Cal.. on the 16th day of June, 1876, at the
hour of two o'clock p. m., of said day.to pay said delin*
quent assessment thereon, together with cost of adver-
tising and expenses of Bale.
B.F. HICKOX, Sec'y.
Office, No. 408 California street, room 16, San Fran-
cIbco, California.
Nevada Land and Mining Company —
Location of principal place of business, San Francisco,
California. Location of works Spruce Mountain Min-
ing District, ElKo County, State of Nevada.
Ntitloe ia hereby given, tbatat a meeting ot the Board of
Directors, held on the 1 4 1 1« day of May, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 17) of Two cents per Bhare was levied upon
the oapiUl stood of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of Die Company. Rooms 6 and 6, No. 302 Montgomery street,
San FranoiBoo, t'al.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Saturday, the Hub <iay of June, 1875, will be
delinquent, and advertised for aale at publio auction,
and unless payment is made before, will be sold on
Saturday, the 8th day of July, 1875, to pay the delinquent
assessment, together with costs of advertising and ex-
penses ot sale. .11 v order of th>- Board of Directors.
WM. H. WATSON, Secretary.
Office, Rooms 5 and 6, No. 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco, Oal.
Orleans Mining Company— Location of
Principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location or works, Grass Valley Mining District, Grass
Valley, Nevada County, California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of tbe Board
of Trustees of said company, held on the 31 si day of May,
1875, an assessment, No. 6, of two dollars per Bhare was
levied upon the capital stock of said company, payable
immediately, in gold coin of the United States of America,
to the Secreiary, at tbe office of the company, room 8,
No. 315 California street. Sun FranciBCO, California.
Any stock npon which said assessment Bhall remnin un-
paid on the Bth day of July, 1875, will bs advertised on
tdat day as delinquent, and unless payment shall be made
before, will be cold on tbe 28th day of July, 1875. to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale.
GEO P. THURSTON, Secretary.
Office— RoomS, No. 315 California street, San Francisco,
California.
Silver Sprout Mining Company— Loca-
tion of principal place of business, San Francisco,
State of California.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the seventeenth day of February, 1875, the several
amounts set opposite the names of the respective
shareholders, as follows: "*
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
George Hearst 42 2000 $ 100 00
George Hearst 83 680 29 00
John J Mountain, Trustee. 66 100 6 00
John J Mountain/Trustee. 67 100 6 00
John Mullen, Trustee 140 3250 162 60
S Davis, Trustee 32 6000 260 00
A F Benard, Trustee 103 29 1 45
A FBenard, Trustee 68 100 6 00
Hermann Toelken.TruBtee 51 100 6 00
Henry Boyle, Trustee.... 67 2000 100 00
Henry Boyle, Trustee 112 224 11 20
Henry Boyle, Trustee 113 866 17 80
And in accordance with law, and an order ot the
Board of Directors, made on the 17th day of February,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction, at
the salesroom of Maurice Dore & Co., No. 326 Pine
Ftreet, San Francisco, Cal., on the 17th day of
June, 1875, at the hour of 12 o'clock u. , of said day, to
pay said delinquent assessment thereon, together with
costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD. Secretary.
Office, Room 13, No. 318 California street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Umpire Tunnel and Mining Company—
Principal place of business, San Francisco. California.
Locaiion of works, Big Cottonwood Disirict, Salt Lake
County, Utah.
Notice is hereby given, lhat at a meeting: of the Board
of D rectors, held on the 20th day of May. 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 4) of Five (5) cents per share was levied upon
the capital Btook of ihe corporation, payable immediately,
in United States currency, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company, No. Ml California street, San Francisco,
Cal., or to the Superintendent.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the First day of July, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the Second day of
August, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California street, San Francisco,
California. .
Virginia Consolidated Mining Company —
Location of principal place of bUBiness.San Francisco,
State of California.
Notice — There are de/inquent upon tbe following
described stock, on account of assessment levied en
the 21st day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. Np. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Edward Mohan 16 425 $42 60
EdwardMohan 192 24 2 40
Thomas Bertram 167 568 66 80
JohnMcHenry 168 227 22 70
Catherine Fitzpatrlck 65 227 22 70
John Mallon 43 100 10 00
Mrs Mary Bertram 170 454 46 40
JLCogswell 8 340 34 00
WO Bradley 139 114 11 40
E Obenot, Trustee 35 6000 600 00
E Cbenot, TruBtee 145 454 46 40
A F Benard, TruBtee 26 100 10 00
A F Benard, Trustee 26 127 12 70
A Wingard 174 100 10 00
A Wingard 175 100 10 00
John Mallon 49 100 ' 10 00
A F Benurd, Trustee 98 140 14 00
A F Benard, Trustee 104 60 5 00
A F Benard, Tnutee 142 227 22 70
John J Mountain 124 100 10 00
John J Mountain 125 100 10 00
John J Mountain... 134 .50 5 00
John J Mountain 35 60 5 00
J WPearson 157 10,326 1,032 60
AFBenard 188 100 10 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 21st day of April,
1875, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
salesroom of Maurice Dore & Co., No. 326 Pine street,
San Francisco, on the 28th day of June, 1875, at the
hour of 12 o'clock, m., of Baid day, to pay said delin-
quent assespment thereon,, together with costs of ad-
vertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Seo'y.
Office, No. 318 California street, Ban FranclBco, Gall
f ornia. (Room No, 13.)
390
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC
PRESS.
fjune 12, 1875
Iron ajid JVIachijie Wojrk^.
Iron
San Francisco Boiler Works,
Will Remove about June 1st, to 1. W. Cor.
Harrison and Main.)
and 125 Beale Street 9AN FRANCISCO
OP. I. CCRRT,
Late Foreman of the Yulcan Iron Worts,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
bole manufacturers of the celebrated
spiraij boiler.
SHEET IKON WORK of every description dons
at the Shortest Notice.
All klndB of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17T25-3m
THE BISDON
and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
OAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAN FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam EngineB. Quartz and Flour
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure). All kinds of light aud heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
Joseph Moore, Jesse Holladay, C. E. MCLane,
Wm. Norris, fc H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walker.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
■24vl7-qy i^
.FTJjL.TPOE*
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
■ArTCFAOTUBBBS Of
mmZA-'M. ENGINE©,
Quarts* Flour and ©aw AIllls,
Hayes* Improved Steam Pump, Hrodle'a Im-
proved Crasher, Mining Fnmpi,
Amaleamaton, and all kinds
or Hachlner y.
H". E. corner of Tehama and Fremont streets, above How.
street, San Franoiaoo. S-OT
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
BOOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAXOTAOlIIEBBS 01*
STEA-M ENGINKS, BOILERS,
OROBS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Punbar's Patent 3 elf- Ad justing- Steam Piston
PACKING, Tor new and old Cylinders.
And all kinds off Mining Machinery,
Front Otreot, between K and O streets,
Sacramento Oitt.
S3HEET IK-OIV PIPE.
THE
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND ASPBAI/TUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
Working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Car WheelB, with special
patterns for Mining Cars. These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted up with the improvedaxle and box— introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
Wheels made in this State.
•7" All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v2'2-3m JOSEPH • MOORE, Superintendent.
Q. W. PBEBCOTT.
I
"W. R. ECKABT..
Marysville Foundry,
■iarysville; _._---.-- oal.
pbescotx & eckart,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
Hoialine Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
FioutB Oar Wheels, and Castings of every de-
Boripiion made to order.
Steam Ejglnes constantly on hand for sale. ftv28-ly
T. A. MOCOEMICK. OSCAK LEWIS. J. MoOORMICK
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON "WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Particu-
or attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 235 BEALE STREET,
Set. Howard and FolBom Streets, SAN FRANCISCO.
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE
Burleigh Rock Drill Comuany.
— MANUFACTUBEBS OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIE COMPRESSOES AND OTHEB MACHINEEY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Eleotric Maohine and
Hill's Exploders for (Blasting-, Putnam Ma-
chine Company's Tools, Wright's Steam
Pumps and Haskin'a Engines.
Address
2lT28-Sm-bd
310 California St., S. F.
Iba P. Rankin. Established 1850. A. P. Beayton
Pacific Iron Works,
FlE8T|8TBEET, - -jggg - |ff aA>i£FRANOlnCO.
Geo. W. Foge, Supt.
MACHINEBY AND CASTINGS
OF EVERY CESOR1PTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MAOHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
flODDASD & CO., Props.
WM. HAWKINS.
T. G. OANTRELL
HAWKINS & CANTRELL
MACHINE WORKS;,
210 & 212 Beale St.,
Near Howard, - - - SAN FBANOISCO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch .
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FRANCISCO, GAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
— AHD —
Every Variety of Sluaftingr*.
Embracing ALL SIZES of
Steamboat Shaft*, Crank** Platan and Con.
S necttns Bods.Oar andXoeomotlT* Izltf
and Fram«»
— ALSO —
HAMMEREO IRON
Of every description and size.
09" Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box. 2032, San Franoiseo, Oal., will re-
Emp ire Foundry,
Nop , 137, 139 and 1-1 1. Fbemont Street, Bah FbanOISCO,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts>Mining and General Machinery eetimsed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Kanges, Burial Oaakets, Grates and
Fenders, Koad-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Plough/work, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
GipsieB, Ship OaBtings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental Fences in large
variety. ^^^ 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
91*. 185 First atreet, wppoolte Mlnnu,
SAN FRANOIBCO.
all EiUDBol'BraHa, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Kudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bells and
Gongsof superior tone. All klndsof Cocks and ValveB, Hy
draullc Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec*.
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
«- PRICES MODERATE. -C«
J. H. WEED. V. KINQWELL.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
BOILEB MAKERS
AND GENERAL. MACHINISTS,
Howard st., between Fremont and Beale, San Francisco
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Mandfaotube
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST Df USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Having much experience in the busineBB of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standing;^, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Occidental Foundry,
San Fbahoisoo
STEIGER & EEBB,
IRON FOUNDERS.
I'UON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Bole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 2Qv26.8m
California, Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating' a Sack Printing1 Presses,
The Economy Htdbaotjo Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists, 26v28-3m
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA. FOUNDRY,
LieilT ill) llEiTT CASTINOS,
of every description, manufactured. 2»vl8or
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
UAITOTAOTDBEBS OF ALL KOTOS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Belts.
13, 15 and U Dmmm Street, San Franotsco. 4v241j
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
FirBt Street, oward and Foleom, San Francisco.
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
RISDON & TOWER,
MANAGERS OF
Pacific Boiler, Sheet Iron, and
WATER PIPE WORKS.
AIL Kinds of Boiler and Sheet Iron Work.
High and Low Pressure Boilers Built
and Repaired.
We refer to twenty yean' experience in the above
business as a guarantee that all orders lor work will be
faithfully executed.
OFFICE AND WORKS, 118 & 120 FREMONT ST.,
Bet. MisBion and Howard, San Francisco, OaL
J. N. RISDON, formerly of Coffee St Risdon and
Risdon Iron "Works.
OHAS. TOWER, formerly Foreman of Coffee & Bis.
don and Risdon Boiler Works. ■
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quartz
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf 3. HENDY, No. 32 Fremont Street.
IVA-RKE So I^CY,
310 California street. San Francisco
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Haying the Latest Improved Maohinery, we can mike
it an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OR
WATER "WORKS,
To Contract with ub for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
ISO Beale Street,
WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the beat in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, BUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Oor. Mission & Fremont Streets,
3v28-3m-sa
A Compliment.— It is proper to say that the I
and Scientific Pbebs is the best publication of lta clai
on the Continent, and we are glad to know that It J*
appreciated and liberally patronized' by those in who**
interests It Is published — Placer Ar$ut,
une 12, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
391
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co- Machinery Depot, San Francisco-
Tbe Cautobmxa Plaxeb and Matches 1b got-
•d Qp from new patterns specially for this
o&st. It has Cant Steel Slutted Cylinder Head,
inning Id patent self oiling boxes; Matcher
Indies also of the best cast steel. The Gears
■e all protected with Iron coverB. Will plane
1 In. wide and 6 In. thick, and tongue and
oove U In. wide. Will make rustic
id stick gotten), or heavy moaldlngB, etc., and
1 the best Job Machine ever built.
aWWe have always on hand a largo assort-
ent of Planing Mill Machinery, all of the latest
iprovemunia^ including Planers, Moolding,
ortlclugand Tenoning Machines, Band and Jig
iwb, £..-., 4c Bind for Catalogues and prices.
TREADWELL & CO.,
r39-PowM San Francisco.
Iron Working- Machinery.
Adjustable Saw Qu&^e
Foot Power
Improved Saw Arbors-
Jig- Saws
Z+XSKK*/,
Ul_Jl_fl_UL_J]_Jl
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Improved Band Saws
Buffalo Pony Planers.
3K5 tO W M
pB'bb'p'pP'bS'S'
o
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DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CON ROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
■6m-«ow SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED MAY 26TH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
Sam Fkanoisco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Supts. of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally.-
We take pleasure In stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, onr Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier triphammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of steel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that you will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in use In many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time Baved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and (shippings, and a saving of
76 per cent. In freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Franoisco. Terms liberal..
With ^dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building, S. F
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally WelL
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are I>iir&t>le, Compact and
Cheap.
For Fall Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OO-ZDEZN",
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
1845. The Harrison' Portable Mill Machinery. 1875.
FAST CRINDINC. SMALL POWER.
Thirty Tears' Experience in tills Specialty, covered l»y Twentv Patent*
Address
VM-Sm
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS. 4
a .3
•2 a
E.9
I S3
a s
■3 *
Examiner of Minea, Mineral Aaaayer, Etc.
M
a
M
a
'P.
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
i. work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth) ; $12 (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
| at the San Francisoo Mechanics' Institute Fair of 1869.
| Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
I
French Burr Stone Itlllls, run by hand, horse, wind, water or steam power. Flourinjr Mills
and Bolters, combined or separate ; Vertical and Horizontal Corn Mills, Feed Mills und
Vni versul Pulverizers — will grind all Grains and Mineral [tnd Vegetable substances.
Send Btamp for Illustrated Catalogue continuing cut of eiieh design and price-list.
EDWARD HARRISON, Manufacturer,
iVo. 1.15 Howard Ave., Mew Haven, Conn.
GIANT POWDER.
Patented May SO, 1808.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
G-IAJVT POWDER, NO. 1,
For bard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
GIANT POWI>ER,, 3VO. S,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its BXOTjTJBfVE-use saves from 30 to 60 per cent. In expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
■ST The only Blasting Powder UBed In Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDMANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
vM-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANUFAOTUBEB8 OP
f j If. TP "F1 TT* T, ' <«i
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN'
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes .
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLDME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St.. S. F.
j§ySend for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price LiBt— sent free
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILEK FEED
PUMPS. AND COMBINED GOLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PDMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFO. CO.,
Hamilton. Ohio.
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 12, 1875
A. L. FISH & CO.,
Nos. 9 and 11 FIRST STREET, San Francisco, Cal.,
Hawkins* latent Bio wers
and E xhauat Fane-
Dealers in all kinds of New and Second-Hand Machinery,
FIRE PUMPS,
Boomer's Patent Press for
Wine, Cider, Lard, Etc
Ferris oc Miles1 Steam Hammers and
Machinists' Tools.
QUARRY PUMPS,
SUGAR-HOUSE PUMPS,
DRAINAGE PUMPS,
HOTEL PUMPS,
BLEACHERY PUMPS!
VINEGAR PUMPS,
ACID PUMPS,
OIL PUMPS,
VACUUM PUMPS,
Clapp & Jones' Steam Fire Eneiues.
TANK PUMPS,
THESE ARE THE ONLY PUMPS
WITHOUT^ SHOCK
j&; OR JAR
UN Pump or pipEo
THESE FEATURES GUARANTEED
LOCOMOTIVE PUMPS,
MARINE PUMPS,
LOW PRESSURE PUMPS,
GAS WORKS PUMPS.
BREWERY PUMPS,
SOAP PUMPS,
DISTILLERY PUMPS,
TANNERY PUMPS,
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE PUMPS
W ultiti'
Patent Governor.
Knowles' Steam Pump for
Feeding Boilers*
pacific m: achuntery depot,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
P. 0. Box 168.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE PAOIFIO
COAST FOR
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's gPatent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's Emery^Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co'Ss,^.^^,^^^^^^.
ing- Shavings and Sawdust
Machinists' Tools,
from Machines.
San Francisco, Cal.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP
Over 7,500 unsuccessful Use in the United
States.
Knight's American Mechanical
Dictionary,
A Cyclopedia of Science, Art and Manufactures, one of
the finest as well as most useful books ever published.
Nothing else will take itB place. It is the only work
in existence which gives an adequate view of the pres-
ent advanced state of meobanical science. Full infor-
mation regarding over 20,000 separate subjects, with
above 6,000 Illustrations, costing One Hundred Thou-
sand Dollars ($100,000). It will be issued in 38 parts,
or three bound volumes. The price of each part is
60 cents, payable on delivery. Prices for each bound
volume: Cloth, $7; Bheep,$8; half morocco, $9.
A GENTLEMAN OF GOOD ADDRESS AND BUSI-
NESS ABILITY, DESIRING PROFITABLE EMPLOY-
MENT, CAN OBTAIN A GOOD AGENCY FOR THIS
WORK BY APPLYING TO
J- B. FOR.T> & OO.,
Jol2-16p
No. 339 Kearny Street, S. F.
Iron and Steel.
VAN WINKLE~& DAVENPORT,
Importers and Dealers in Iron and Steel.
Norway and Sligo Iron, Heavy Hardware
and Boiler Plate, AxleB. Springs, Black-
smith's Tools, etc. Agents for Perkins'
Horseshoe and Globe Horse Nails, Sheet-iron. Rivets
and Cumberland Goal. All sold at the lowest rates.
Nos. 413 and 416 Market street.
W. T. G-ARRATT.
CITY
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Brass, Zino and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TATEBN AND LAND BELLS, CrODTSS,
FIRE ENGINES, FORGE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired,
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per RivetB, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocke, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
■^Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
Thursday Noon our laBt forms go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisements as early In the week as possible.
TO LUMBERMEN OF THE PACIFIC.
W S
oFSUPE.RIORDqQAUrr.
FOR A CIRCULAR TO,':.
rMERSON F0RD &ffj
U_. BRAVER FALLS P± \j,
l/VWVVWW\AA/WW^
We were awarded the $100.00 Gold Prize, First Prize Silver Medal in the Great National
Sawing Contest, had at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and First Prize Silver Medal for the Btst
Cross-Cut Saw; two First Prize Medals for the Best Saw Swage and Cross-Cut Saw Attachment;
also the First Premium in the Great Sawing Match at the Provincial Fair, in Canada, and
several First Premiums in State and Connty Fairs wherever any Celebrated Damascus Tem-
pered Saws have been tested. Emerson's Patent Planer Toothed Saws for General work.
Emerson's Patent Clipper Toothed Saws for heavy feed, and onr Solid Ttfothed Saws of all
descriptions, AT GREATLY REDUCED PRICES, and sold TINDER FULL WARRANTEE.
We oahnot afford to make a poor saw. Only seven days by mail from San Francisco. Send your
address on postal card for illustrated circular and price list.
lGp
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
(J>E . *£OA Per Day at home. Terms free.
dress G. SxiHiON & Co., Portland, M.
Dewey & Co. {„£* „} Patent Agt's.
Illustrated
Patent Solicitors.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JUNE 19, 1875.
VOL.UMJ3 XXi
Number 25.
An Improved Window Sash.
The accompanying illustration is an im-
proved arrangement, recently patented through
the agency connected with this office by John
J. Price, of this city, for raising, lowering and
locking the upper Bashes of windows, and also
to provide a lock or fastener for the lower
sashes. The first arrangement consists in so
arranging one of the weights which assists in
balancing the upper sash that it will operate as
a slide inside of the window casing, and then
applying the force to raise and lower the weight
instead of applying it to the sash. As the
weights exactly balance the sash when hanging
freely in the casing, the lifting or lowering of
the slide weight will raise or lower the Bash.
The second improvement consists in the em-
ployment of a snap catch on the bottom rail
of the lower sash, which will automatically lock
into the sill of the window frame when the sash
is drawn down againBt the sill.
The upper sash is balanced by two weights,
one on each Bide of the casing. One of these
weights, d, is arranged to slide up and down in
ways in the lower part of the casing. The cord
which connects the sash with this weight passes
over a pulley in the top of the casing in the
usual way, and is then carried down under the
pulley in the sliding weight, d, and thence is
carried up inside of the casing to the top of the
window frame, where it is fastened ate. The
weight pulley, d, will then travel in the bight
of the cord, and will only have to raise andjlower
a little over one-half the distance in order to
raise and lower the sash that it woald if the
end of the cord were attached directly to the
weight, d. The weight in the opposite side of
the casing is suspended in the ordinary way.
In the facing of the casing directly in front
of the sliding weight, d, is made a vertical slot,
o, which is as long as the weight, d, will have
to travel in order to raise and lower the sash.
A metal plate, which is slotted to correspond
with the slot in the casing, is sunk into the
outside of the casing, so as to be flush with
its outside face, and one edge of the slot on this
plate is provided with teeth, c, as shown.
The shank of an ornamental button, a,
passes through the slot and is fastened to the
sliding weight, d, inside of the casing, while the
button, a, remains on the outside. The shank
is uo constructed that by turning it to one
position it will move up and down freely in
the slot, but by giving it a half or quarter turn
in either direction it will look into the teeth, c,
and fasten the weight firmly in place. Now, as
the sash is balanced by the two weights, very
little power is required to raise and lower it,
and this power is applied to the sliding weight,
d, through the button, a, and its shank.
By turning the knob or button, its shank is
released from the teeth, when a slight upward
or downward pressure applied to the button
will raise or lower the weight and upper sash to
' any desired point, where it can be again locked
by turning the button so that it cannot be
opened further until the weight is released;
and as the weight travels in this bight of the
cord, a short movement of the button up or
down will completely raise or lower the sash,
thus bringing it within the reach and power of
the merest child to raise and lower the upper
sash. This arrangement also avoids the trouble
of having to raise the lower Bash in order to
reach outside and grasp the lower rail of the
upper sash to raise or lower it.
The lower Bash is provided with a snap catch,
/, whioh automatically hooks into a recess in
the sill of the window casing, or in the strip
which is secured upon the sill. This catch is
unlatched by lifting upward upon a projecting
lever handle, which is so connected with the
hook, /, that by lifting upward on the lever
handle or finger catch, the hook is forced back-
ward, and released from its catch. The lower
face of this hook is inclined so that when the
sash is elosed down it will be forced backward
and automatically fastened.
By this means Mr. Price provides a greatly
improved arrangement for operating and lock-
ing window sashes. Where three or more
Bashes are placed in one -window opening, the
upper Bashes can all be balanced and operated
by sliding weights as described for the upper
sash, and in this case the sliding weights which
operate the different sashes can be placed on
opposite sides of the window. The slot, o,
can be made on the inside face of the casing if
preferred, and the locking shank inserted
through it, and fastened in the weight as
above described, but this can be arranged ac-
cording to convenience. It is not absolutely
neoessary that the lifting weight should slide
in ways, but it is much preferable to so con-
struct it. Those desiring further information
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through
Dewey & Co.'s Scientific Peess American and
Foreign Patent Agency, the following are
worthy of mention:
Mounting Header Keels. — Frederick Wy-
man, San Buenaventura, Cal. This invention
consistB in so mounting header reels that the
b3lt which drives the reel will preserve a uni-
form tension when the reel is raised and
lowered. In . the ordinary construction of
Fig. 1
Mg.H
IMPROVED WINDOW SASH.
on this subject can address the inventor, John
J. Price, 521 Brannan street, San Francisco.
Abandoned Mineb. — The Calaveras Citizen,
in speaking of West Point district, states that
abandoned mines are relocated nearly every
day. Strangers are flocking in from all direc-
tions to secure ah interest in old "worked-out"
mines which were to be had one year ago for
one dollar per dozen. Competent miners can
find employment.
The Europa mine machinery for the new
hoisting works is now all on the ground, the
foundations ready, and grading for the build-
ing about completed. As soon as the requisite
timbers can be procured, the machinery will
b.e placed in position, and will be running in
the course of a couple of weeks.
The Crown Point mine, on the Comstock,
hoisted nearly 17,000 tons of ore last month.
headers, the- lever arm which supports the
header reel at each end, and by which it is
raised and lowered, is pivoted to upright stand-
ards at each end of the header frame, and this
pivot serves as a center about which the reel
moves when it is raised and lowered, while the
pulley which drives the reel belt is below and
at the rear of the pivot so that when the reel is
raised and lowered the belt is alternately
slackened and tightened. Various devices have
been devised for remedying this difficulty,
some of which have been successful but clumsy
and liable to get out of order. By the arrange-
ment patented, this inventor preserves the
tension of the belt at whatever point of the
arc the reel is moved to.
Bill File Holdeb.— F. B. Alderson, San
Jose, Cal. This invention relates to oertain
improvements in temporary bill holders such as
are employed to carry bills, letters, or other
papers for present reference, and it consists in
the formation of a groove or slot extending.
along each portion of the hinged front, so that
a pen or pencil can lie in this groove and a
single elastic strap about the middle of the
holder will press the pencil against the hinged
front so as to keep it closed without the neces-
sity of an additional strap. It also consistB in
the use of a temporary memorandum slate or
tablet upon the inside of the hinged leaf.
Impeovement in Watches. — John Gordon,
San Francisco, California. This improvement
relates to that class of watches in which a per-
manent winding device is secured to the wind-
ing post so as to be contained and operated in
a recess or well in the inner case of the watoh.
This improvement consists in attaching the
winding lever bar or disk to the winding post
of the watoh in suoh a manner that any attempt
to wind the post in the wrong direction will
release the lever bar or disk from the post
without turning it, thus preventing the watch
from being strained or injured. Upon the
winding post the lever, bar or disk is secured so
as to he in the well or recess and so that it can
be turned towards the watch by inserting the
fingers into the recess. Heretofore the bar,
lever or disk has been either permanently se-
cured to the winding post or the square post
has entered a Bquare socket in the bar or lever,
so that the post cannot be turned in either di-
rection. Instead of attaching the lever, bar or
disk permanently to the post, Mr. Gordon
forms the upper end of the post into a screw.
The lever or bar has a hole through it which is
tapped with screw threads to fit the screw or
upper end of the post. The bar or disk is then
screwed down upon the post, and will serve as a
lever to wind the watch so long as it is turned
in one direction, but when it is turned in the
other direction it will unscrew from the poBt
without turning it, thus greatly improving the
winding device and preventing frequent injury
by an accidental turn of the post in the wrong
direction.
Feed and Reverse Motion eob Sawmill
Cabbiages. —Frank M. Covell, Los Gatos,
Santa Clara county, California. This is an im -
provement in that class of forward and reverse
feed mechanisms for sawmill carriages, which
operate by means of friction devices, and it
consists in the use of a small pulley bo mounted
upon a shaft that it stands between the outer
faoe of a small pulley mounted upon one shaft,
and by moving the small pulley a short dis-
tance in either direction it can be brought in
contact with either of these faces, thus giving
motion in either direction to the shaft of the
double pulley. The invention also comprises a
novel method of mounting the movable pulley
shaft and a lever by which it is thrown into
one pulley face or the other. The whole device
greatly simplifies the feed and reverse motion
of the carriage.
Photographic Plate Holdeb. — Isaiah W.
Taber and Thos. H. Boyd, San Francisco. This
improvement in plate holders consists in a
novel arrangement by which the inventors are
able to employ only two pieces inside of the
plate holder frame instead of the large number
of pieces usually employed, in order to accom-
modate the different sizes of plate and adjust
them to the center of the plate holder frames.
The holder is so arranged that they can ac-
commodate the various sizes of plates by ad- .
justing the tray and covers to or from each
other, according to the size of the plates. It
provides an exceedingly simple and cheap ar-
rangement for holding the negative plate and
receiving the drippings of silver, while the
pieces can be readily adjusted to the various
sizes of plates.
The matter of supplying the town of Fulton
with water from Mark West creek is now under
discussion. The fall from Hector's mill to the
town, two miles, is 83 feet.
The new hoisting machinery of the Niagara
mine, on the Comstock, has arrived and is be-
ing put in working position.
Some fifteen acres of porcelain clay have
been discovered near San Fernando. Also, a
rich vein of zinc ore not far from Los Ang#le»,
394
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June ig, 1875
CORRESPONDENCE.
Nevada County Mines.
[Prom our own Correspondent.]
Editoes Press:— Leaving French Oorral and
taking the op grade aloDg "the ridge," a mod-
erate day's ride takes us through the old-time
towns of Birchville, Cherokee, Bloomfield,
North Columbia, North Sau Juan, and Belief
Hill. The mere mention of these to an old
California miner awakens in his mind a vivid
remembrance of early days, when "Gold-
many hunted, sweat aod bled for gold;" and
he recalls the time when there was rushing in
hot haste to and fro all o'er these wooded hills,
and the mountaius trembled and the trees
waved their branohes, as the deep and rock-
walled canons gave echo to the giant blast. As
these thoughts crowd his mind, he smilingly
muses on the old canvas hose and primitive
nozzles that then were the pride of the more
fortunate miners. All these camps or towns
lay claim to being located in the great "chan-
nel" or gold-bearing gravel belt that traverses
this nart of California. While there is some-
what of mining going on in most all these
places yet a cry is heard like unto that that
was uttered with imploring zeal by the rich
man in hell: "Give us water— more water ! "
But here the analogy ends, as we learn from
sacred history that the unfortunate rich man
wanted only only one drop of water to cool his
parched tongue, or lave his burning brow,
while these burgs want floods of water suffici-
ent to tear out the bowels of the hills and bring
about that state of affairs that begets the
fevered brain — a great mining excitement.
At North San Juan—
The prettiest and perhaps largest town on this
range— the surrounding country bears evidence
that there are those among the population
who have quit the precarious occupation of the
hunt for gold, and turned their attention to
the plow and pruning hook The broad undula-
ting fields of grain, whose verdure paints the
sloping hillside, with the thrifty growing vines,
and blooming orchards that dot the landscape
as we view it from some lofty eminence — to-
gether with the quaint little village cosily
nestled down in the forest — all these give to
the scene suoh a pleasant chaTm as to mike
the beholder wish that his home was on the
mountain.
Relief Hill,
Formerly a lively camp, had been until quite
reoently almost entirely abandoned. Now,
however, they have got in a better supply of
water and there seems to be a new life instilled
into all the population and there is a real buzz
of business perceptible. Old claims are being
reopened, and every prospect seems encour-
aging.
Your correspondent will not soon forget his
first visit to Moore's Fiat. At six o'clock in
the afternoon he left Relief Hill, six miles dis-
tant from Moore's Flat, and after an hour's
ride over a rough road with innumerable by
roads to mislead him — found himself appa-
rently no nearer Moore's Flat than when he
set out on his journey. He stood where three
roads diverged, in the deep solitude of a gloomy
forest, and darkness drew on apace. There
was no sign of human habitation. Hundreds
of feet above him, on the topmost bough of a
gigantic pine, sat a night bird that had appa-
rently just shaken off his drowsiness, and was
watching with eager eye the play of the fast
fading sunbeam on the snow topped peak be-
yon 1. He cast his eyes to the northward, and
as the last glimmering ray refloated from them,
raised himself to his full height, flapped his
wings in triumph, and blinked his great eyes
with perceptible satisfaction— and while the
vesper bells throughout the world were bidding
sons of toil to cease their labors and turn their
thoughts to heaven, he — bird of darkness! —
tooted forth his matin lay, and the woods and
the hills were full of doleful echoings. Alone,
and in a strange forest, the denseness of which
added tenfold to the darkness of the night —
your correspondent felt that "though church-
yards gape and yawn and ghosts sit on the
tombs, he'd choose to ramble 'inong the graves
where dead, men slept than keep sooiety with
the forest ghouls at night time." Shutting his
eyes to the fluttering shadows, and trusting to
the Bugacity of his horse to take the light road,
a hurseman Bwift darted through the trees,
across the pebbly brook, then up the hillside,
through the manzanita brake, then down!
down ! Moore's Fiat, and nine o'clock has
strnck.
"When morning dawns Moore's Flat puts on a
business air now a days, for this winter just
past, they have not been Bnow-bound, whioh is
an escape worthy of remark, and very unusual
at Moore's Flat. They have a stage running
regularly, and the result is that they have kept
in constant communication with the outside
world for 3fi5 conseoutive days.
Messrs. Marks & Co. have a
Large Water Ditch
Running by Moore's Flat, and from this source
the mines thereabout get their water supply.
There are some good mines here, but there is
no mining being done except fn the Chinese
and Illinois mines. At the blue bank they are
running a tunnel for an outlet. The Eagle mine,
which has formerly been worked quite exten-
sively, is now lying idle.
Mr. Henry McNnlty (who, I must here re-
mark, is a 49er), tendered his service as com-
panion and guide to me, and gave me much
insight into the working and controlling of the
water ditohes, the disbursement of the water,
etc. He has charge of the ditch that supplies
the mines, and it is worth one's time to take a
tramp along the flume in company with him.
He has resorted to various ingenious devices
for his own convenience in controlling the
gates opening into the different flumes. At
two points where the gates in the main ditch
are high upon the hill, and difficult of acoess,
he has what he calls "a system of telegraphy,"
whereby he can open and close the slip* at will,
and yet be hundreds of yards away. This gen-
tleman is also proprietor of a slaughtering and
bntcber establishment, and he has, the most
complete arrangement for the proseoution of
this business that we have ever seen. As a
general thing, a slaughter house is rendered
conspicuous by the stench that pervades the
surrounding atmosphere, and is the last place
that we would think of visiting, for we are un-
fortunately rather epicurean in our tastes
and the more ignorant we are of the
internal workings of such an estiblishment,
the more we relish the viands set before us.
But we are glad to testify that Mr. McNulty's
shops are an exception to the rule, for we failed
to observe anything in the entire manipulation
of the various meats, that would be offensive
to the most splenetic. He has, in every de-
partment of this business, mechanical appli-
ances of his own conception and construction
that reduce the manual labor at least a third,
and what is more worthy of notice, there is per-
fect ventilation throughout, and everything
looks as bright and neat as the show cases in a
milliner's shop.
All these towns np the "ridge'* have enjoyed
more prosperous seasons than now, and Muore's
Flat, with the rest, can mourn over departed
glory, yet its populace are by no means un-
happy. L.
Where the supply was small, and the knowl-
edge of their uses and manufacture confined to
a few persons, the advancement of the races
was slow, and in fact confined within very nar-
row limits. Their condition was due, firstly,
to the limited supply of the crude material;
secondly, to their ignorance of the best modes
of producing the metals in useful forms; and
thirdly, their poverty in the possession and use
of metals, made one portion of them an easy
prey to their more fortunate and powerful
neighbors. Thus through the dim past we can
trace the influence of the mining and working
of metals upon the growth of civilization.
Those nations, and races of men who have
learned to mine and work useful metals, have
become powerful, have subdued their less for-
tunate neighbors, have collected the wealth of
surrounding tribes, and made them tributary
to their growth and power. The miners and
metal workers in time became masters of the
world, and in the higher sense they are masters
of the world to-day. In brief, a careful read-
ing of the history of civilization will show that
those nations that learned to mine and woik
metals, became civilized, wealthy and power-
ful, while those races that never established
mining industries and the manufacture of me-
tallic articles have always been savages, and
-are savage* to day. The conclusion therefore
ia inevitable, that mining, as an industry, is the
oldest known to our race, and th it it has been,
as it is now, the foundation of the whole
structure of civilization, the chief element of
progress and the basis upon which all other
industries rest.
I have thus briefly traced out the influence of
mining industry upon the civilization and ad-
vancement of those races that learned to mine
and work copper and its useful alloys, and the
more universally distributed and still more
valuable metal — iron. I now proceed to con-
sider the uses aud influences of th ■ precious
metals,
Gold and Silver,
Mining Industry.
{Written for the Pbess by J. E. Olatton, M. E.)
The Stone Age.
Before man learned to mine and work the
metals, he had to depend upon the use of im-
plements made of stone, wood, bone, and
horn for weapons of defence and offence
against the wild beasts of the forest, and neigh-
boring hostile tribes. For long agts the early
races of man knew nothing of metals. Stone
hatchets, stone knives, and articles of bone and
horn are found in abundance in the old drift
deposits of Europe and America, but no traces
of any metallic implements in the early haunts
of primeval man.
The Age of Bronze.
The first step in the advancement of the hu-
man race was made when native copper, (and
perhaps silver) was discovered, and came into
use for weapons and domestic purposes. The
tribes that first used copper were able to over-
power their neighbors on account of the supe-
riority of their class of arms for destruction,
and it is fair to presume that the localities
from which the copper was derived were
guarded with jealous care to prevent their
neighbors from supplying themselves with like
material.
In process of time it was discovered that
other metallic substances would combine with
copper, forming various alloys that gave the
mttal much greater hardness and durability.
The Aztecs and Peruvians carried the manu-
facture of bronze to great perfection; their
chisels and other implements for cutting stone
are unsurpassed in hardness and durability by
any metals or alloys of the present day.
The art of making copper tools and giving
them hardness equal to the finest steel was
known to them, but it has been lost in the de-
struction of those nations by the so-called
Christian Spaniards.
The civilization of the Montezumas and In-
cas was confined within the limits of the sup-
ply of copper and bronze. There was not
enough of these metals obtained to allow their
universal use by the masses, hence they re-
mained in comparative ignorance and pov-
erty.
The mechanical arts so far as they could be
developed by this limited supply were confined
to a class, and they as usual in such cases
were under the control of the priest and rulers
of their respective countries.
The Age of Iron.
The nations of the Eastern continents had
made much greater advances in the discovery
and uses of other metals than those of the
Western. The art of reducing iron from its
ores and working it into all kinds of shapes
and forms for use, gave a much wider field for
the development of the mechanical arts among
the masses. Its great abundance and univer-
sal distribution, and the ease with which it
could be wrought into useful forms, gave an
impulse to mechanical industries and manu-
factures which had been unknown to man be-
fore iron began to supplant copper, bronze, and
brass implements. By a oareful sturdy of the
early civiiiz-.tion of different races, i,n all parts
of ihe wurld, we discover that such civilization
was always limited by the supply of useful
metals and their knowledge of working them
into useful forms.
Upon the continued advancement of the hu-
man race up to the present time.
Gold and Bilver were, no doubt, both of them
known to the ancient races long before the
manufacture of iron was discovered, but they
possessed but very little imporiance on account
of their limited supply, their softness rendering
them unfit for weapons, or tools and instru-
ments for mechanical purposes; and hence
they were used mainly for ornamental purpo-
ses, thus becoming vehicles of trade and ex-
change between different tribes for articles of
use and neoessity. This naturally led to the
adoption of these metals as the representatives
of value among all nations and tribes of men,
and they became the universally recognized
standard of values and the medium of exchange
in all commercial transactions.
Daring the age cf despotio governments,
when the national power was centered in a
king or an irresponsible party, the precious
metals as accumulated were, by command, de-
posited in the national treasury, thereby ena-
bling the ruling sovereign to wield an enor
mous power over his subjects and use the
means at his disposal according to his whim or
fancy, alike for the purposes of conquest, the
construction of fortified cities, works of na-
tional utility, or the erection of temples and
palaces. "While the building of temples and
palaces may have been acts of folly on the part
of the rulers, and the people may have been
oppressed and impoverished by the burdens
thus laid upon them, yet, nevertheless, benefits
were derived whioh were of lasting impor-
tance.
These benefits were the growth of general
intelligence, the development and extension of
mechanical arts, the establishment of manufac-
turing industries and the encouragement of ag-
riculture to keep up the necessary supplies of
food for maintaining the great armies of mi-
ners, quarrymen, stone cutters, artisans and
mechanics of every description.
Without the use of precious metals as a rep-
resentative of values, there could be no great
concentration of power over large populations
or widely extended territories; but with large
accumulations of gold and silver, extensive es-
tablishments for the manufacture of iron in all
its various branches and divers uses could be
maintained, and the highest order of skill de-
veloped, by the constant and long continued
employment of the best mechanics of the day.
Thus great cities were built up around these
manufacturing centers, composed in the first
place of artisans and their families, and after-
wards by accessions from all classes engaged in
commercial and manufacturing enterprises,
and in time those cities became the centers of
wealth, intelligence and political power.
Mining industry furnishes the material for
all classes of tools and implements by which
other industries are made possible; it is the
basis of mechanical arts, and has given man
the power to subdue and control all things in
nature that are necessary for his physical, in-
tellectual and moral well being.
The above outline of the origin of mining
industry, and its influence upon the growth of
civilization, the establishment of agriculture,
manufactures and commerce, will show beyond
reasonable doubt that the arts of mining and
working the metals are the oldest known to
the human race, and are the basis upon which
all other branohes of human industry rest.
Mining industry is, therefore, the bed-rock or
granite foundation upon which our present
civilization is reared in all its grandeur and
beauty. Agriculture, manufacture, commerce
and the fine axis oould not be developed until
lished, so as to put tools and implements into
the hands of every man, woman and child,
with which they could cut, hew and dig their
way up to the plane of oivilized life. We often
hear financial and commercial men ask the
question why mining can't be made
A Legitimate Branch of Business,
A reliable industry, like manufacturing and
commercial pursuits. The above historical re-
view of its origin, progress and all pervading
influence upon the civilization of the present
age, is the best answer that I am able to give to
such questions. When capitalists bring to the
business of mining the same amount of skill
and care that is bestowed upon manufacturing
and commercial pursuits, we will hear fewer
complaints about the uncertainties of mining
as a legitimate branch of hamuu industry. So
much for the defense of mining as a business.
I have now
A Few Questions
For the consideration of bankers, manufactur-
ers, capitalists and commercial men, in relation
to the risks and uncertainties conneoted with
their several branches of business, to-wit: The
capitalist invests his money in building up
cities, that are in perpetual d <nger of being
destroyed by fire, fl od or earthquake. He
builds great ships that are in perpetual danger
of going to the bottom of the ocean. He in-
vests in railroads and c-tnals that may never
pay a dividend. He invests in the bonds of
governments that are in perpetual danger of
being revolutionized, or swept out of existence.
He establishes manufactories that may be de-
stroyed by fire, by competition, or by a change
in tariffs. He establishes banks that may at
any time be overwhelmed by financial changes
and political revolutions. He may finally en-
gage in agriculture as the
Safe and Sure Thing
To bring certain returns for his investment,
but here, too, he is met by risks over whioh
he has no control. Untimely frosts, unusual
floods, a sea-on of drouth, or perhaps an over
supply for the market, a flight of locusts, or
the destructive march of an army of grass-
hoppers, or meu may make of his farm a desert
waste. Where, then,* c in you invest your
money without encountering riskB over which
you have no control? Echo answers "where?"
The truth is that every branch of human in-
dustry must encounter risks beyond the control
of human power, or the grasp of the intellect
to foresee. It tberefore is but a question of
minimum risks and maximum returns for the
capital, skill and labor that is to be invested in
any and all branches of human industry. Can
those who speak sneeringly of mining industry
truthfully point out greater risks for it than for
other great branches of productive labor? I
think not. I refer now to mining for the pre-
cious metals, and I ask a careful and honest
consideration of the risks, aa compared with
every other branch of human industry.
Mining Risks.
The first and greatest risk is in the search
for and exploitation and development of the
mining property to be operated upon. ■ This
risk may be small or great, in proportion to the
intelligence and skill of the person engaged in
the selection of the mines. When a suitable
mining property is found, and the explorations
intelligently made, we still have the second
risk to encounter. The mine may pinch out or
become poor at some depth below the surface;
all mines are liable to this risk, and knowing
this we must guard against extravagant expend-
itures, or any expenditures that are not war-
ranted by the indication of values in Bight.
We must cautiously feel our way to the deep
and use our best judgment in driving ahead or
oeasing to expend money when the facts and
values exposed will not warrant it. After a
mine has been proved in this way, there are
but few risks that are not under the control of
careful and skilled management. Your product
of the precious metals never rots, it is not
affected by tariffs or revolutions, it is not de-
preciated to any considerable extent by compe-
tition, nor is it in danger of over production.
Your produce is everywhere welcome in the
world's markets; every doll tr in gold or silver
won from the earth is a dollar added to the
world's wealth. The miner is, therefore, a
creator of wealth. His industry is the only
one that actually produces money. The hardy
miners of the Republic have actually produced
or won from our desert wastes and rocky
barren mountains over $1,500,000,000 within
the last twenty-six years. Aud this is the
money with which your banks, palaces, ships,
railroads, telegraphs, publishing houses and
manufacturing industries are established. How,
then, can you presume to question the legiti-
macy, permanency and utility of mining in-
dustry, when it must be evident to every student
of history and political economy that mining
industry is the mother of all other great systems
of labor, and the source to whioh they must all
come, for the life force (money) that moves the
world along the grand highway of civilization
and human progress.
to be one of the most valuable in this part
mining and working the metals was first estab- the State. — Silver State.
Reported Strike. — It was reported in town
last evening that a rich body of ore had been
struck in the Pride of the Mountain mine yes-
terday. We hope that the report will be con-
firmed, and that the predictions of Professor
Stewart as to the future of the mine will be
more than realized. As yet the mine is being
worked on the surface only, and when depth is
attained on tie vein it will undoubtedly prove .
•f
June 19, 1875.]
MINING AN.D SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
395
icientific Progress.
On
Some Recent Operations in
netism.
Mag-
The nature and mode of action of the mag-
netic force is a question which at present
largely engages the attention of physicists.
Whin a bar is mugnetizcd with a current in
one direction, then with a weaker current in
the opposite direction, there is a superposition
(according to M. Jamin) of two contrary mag-
netisms, the one deep, the other superficial;
and it is the difference that we then observe.
He has cited several facts in support of this
view of magnetic action. If a closed steel tube,
with a steel bar inside, be magnetised with
currents of growing intensity, the first and
weaker cnrrentB do not mogneiiae tbe bar; but
with a certain force tbe bar is - magnetized, and
increasingly, with the force. If the bar be pre-
viously magnetized with a direct current, tben
put in the tube, and tbe latter magnetized with
inverse currents of increasing intensity, the bar
retains its (direct) magnetism while the latter
currents are weak, but gradually loses it and
acquires inverse magnetism, as these increase.
but there ia still better evidence. M. Jamin
procured some very homogeneous bars of steel.
After magnetizing one of these he put it in di-
lute sulphuric acid, and examined its condition
every half hour. In dissolving the metal, the
acid evidently dissolved also tbe magnetism.
If the magnetism were equally distributed
throughout the mass, the proportion of its
quantity to the thickness should have been
constant; but it was not so. It diminished
even to zero. (This method could be used in
reference to the first experiment noted above).
Again, M . Jamin took a number of bars of dif-
ferent thicknesses, arranged in series, and
magnetized tbem all with currents of inoreasing
strength. Bo long as the ourrents were weak,
they gave all the bars the same magnetism,
beoause the magnetized layers penetrated in
each to a depth less than its total thickness.
But with a certain strength of current the thin-
nest of the bars was saturated; its thickness
was then equal to the depth of the layers. With
a stronger ourrent the second bar was satura-
ted, and so on ; showing that the depth of the
layers reaohed successively theentire thickness
of the bars; and that, therefore, it increases
with the intensity of the current. It was found,
however, that when the thickness of all the
bars exceeded a certain limit, all took an equal
Bum of magnetism, showing that the magnetic
layers themselves are limited to this thickness,
which they can never exceed.
The limit is very different in different steels;
it is very great in those which are soft or an-
nealed; and diminishes with tempering, and as
the proportion of the carbonate increases.
Some only took a sort of magnetic "varnish"
on the BUrface, which it was impossible to in-
crease in thickness with any intensity of car-
rent. But if the depth of the magnetism di-
minishes when the magnetic conductivity de-
creases, the intensity of the magnetism goes on
increasing.
This remarkable property of magnetism, of
concentrating at the surface of very coercive
steels, led M. Faye to suggest that perhaps it
might be possible to make magnets of thin lay-
ers of magnetized steel alternating with thin
layers of copper, which would possess an en-
ergy and constancy unattainable in continuous
masses. And we may note in 'Iris connection,
that M. Oamacho has lately presented to the
academy a new form of electro-magnet, giving
strong dynamical effects with weak currents,
and in which each core is formed of a series of
concentrio tubes, with insulated copper wire
passing round tbem successively, beginning
with the outermost tube of one arm, and ter-
minating with that of the other.
Another question with which M. Jamin has
recently been occupied, is the effect produced
by application of armatures to perfect magnets.
When an armature is applied to one pole, say
the north, of a magnet, it does not in any way
affect the south portion, that has no armature.
If we now apply an armature to the south pole,
it can be easily shown that the armature takes
the magnetism which the steel loses, but this
new distribution is in no way modified if we
either detach or attach the armature of the
north end. The two halves of the magnet are
quite independent with regard to its armatures.
Again, it is only a redistrioution of magnetism
that occurs when an armature is applied; the
Sea Waves.— Dr. Scoresby 'a observations on
the bight of waves in tbe North Atlantic Ocean,
records twenty-four, thirty and forty-three feet
—the latter the highest. The mean of his
records was eighteen feet. The highest waves
in the Bay of Biscay, as recorded by Frenoh
observers, is tbirty-six feet. Oapt. Wilkes re-
cords thirty-two feet in the Pacific, and Sir
John Rosa thirty-two in the South Atlantic.
The highest waves observed in N. W. gales off
Cape of Good Hope arc forty feet; off Cape
Horn, thirty-two feet; in the Mediterranean,
fourteen feet ten inches; and in the German
Ocean, thirteen and one-half feet. In the
British waters the waves are found to average
only eight or nine feet.
The velocity of ocean storm waves, as ob-
served by Dr. Scoresby in the North Atlantic,
was thirty-two miles per hour. Capt. Wilkes
records twenty-six and one-half miles in the
Pacific It is claimed that storm waves have
been known to traverse at the rate of sixty
miles an hour (doubtful authority).
Dr. Scoresby estimated tbe distance from
orest to crest of Atlautio storm waves at GOO
feet. From the above the reader may ponder
on what small dimensions the most terrific
waves are constructed.
CoBiosmEs of Ebullition. — Dr. T. L.
Fhipson, in the Chemical News, says that water,
strongly acidified with hydrochloric acid, and
containing a small quantity of benzole, was
found to enter into violent ebullition every
sixty seconds; after awhile the boiling ceased
completely, and then recommenoed suddenly
every thirty seconds for some time. The flask
still being kept over the spirit lamp, the periods
between quiescence and violent ebullition
dropped to twenty, ten, and finally to eight
seconds, at which interval the phenomenon
continued for some considerable time. The
temperature of the vapor in the flask was 214°
Fab., in the liquid 218°, during the whole time
of the experiment. When methyl alcohol was
added to the above mixture of water, hydro-
chloric aoid and benzole, and the flask placed
over a spirit lamp, no ebullition at all occurred
for a very long space of time, and then it took
place very suddenly and continued.
Burning Ikon. — A Berlin experimenter has
demonstrated the combustibility of iron pecul-
iarly He takes a straight bar magnet of some
power, and sprinkles iron filings on one of its
poles. These filings arrange themselves in ac-
cordance with the fines of magnetic force; and
however closely they may appear to be placed,
of course no two Of the metallio filaments are
parallel, and consequently a certain amount of
air is enclosed as in a metallic sponge. The
flame of any ordinary spirit lamp or gas burner
readily ignites the finely divided iron, and it
continues to burn brilliantly for some time,
the combustion being, apparently, as natural
and easy as that of any ordinary substance. If
the experimenter with this operation stands on
a slight elevation and waves the magnet to and
fro while burning, a magnificent rain of fire is
said to be produced.
Colobation or Metalb. — A French corres-
pondent says that if objects in metal are
plunged in a bath composed of a Bolution of
42.5 grammes of acetate of lead in 225 of water,
and heated to 88 or 93 deg. Cent., the sulphate
of lead is precipitated in flocculent black par-
ticles, and colors the metal with a tint of which
the density depends on the amount of the pre-
cipitate. Care is required, however, in heating
the metal regularly, to obtain uniformity in
tint. Iron treated in this way assumes the ap-
Eearance of blued steel; zinc, on the contrary,
ecomes brown. Sulphuric aoid, used in the
same proportion as the acetate of lead, will
color gun-metal a splendid red, which is very
permanent. Imitations of marble, are obtained
by covering brass heated to lMt deg. Cent,
with a solution of lead thickened with gum
tragacanth, and afterwards submitted to the
acetate of lead bath above mentioned.
the
1 gained
but the cause of this is the different magnetic
conductibility of the steel raignet and of the
iron proof-contaet with which the strength of
the magnet is estimated. The author's investi-
gations lead him to the result, that in combin-
ing a number of magnetized bars, the total
force obtained will increase with the extent of
the armatures. The larger this extent the
greater is the number of bars required before
the (higher) limit of force iB reaohed. — Iron.
The Sun's Kays in Watee. — A curious ex-
periment has recently been made to ascertain
how far the sun can penetrate the water. The
research was conducted upon the lake of
Geneva, whose waters are among the clearest
of the Swiss lakes, and the results have re-
cently been communicated to the Society of
Natural Sciences in the canton of Vaud, by M.
Forel. He found that the chemioal aotion of
the Bun's rays was felt in the summer time at
the depth of between forty and fifty metres.
We are not aware of the nature of tbe sensitive
compound employed in these experiments, but
hope shortly to learn more of the details. —
Photographic News.
Steel Boilers in England.
In his address on taking the chair as Presi-
dent of the British Iron and Steel Iustituto,
Mr. William Menelaus, said to be ' perhaps the
most practical iron worker in theworld," spoke
as lollows of English experience with steel
boilers. His remarks have a peculiar interest
in this country in view of the recent discussion
of the Master Mechanics' Association on this
subject :
Mr. Sharp, of Bolton, wos one of the first to
produce excellent boiler and ship plates of
Bteel, and to make boilers of steel plates. Mr.
Sharp tells me that they have made between
nine and ten thousand tons of steel "plates at
Bolton, three fourths of which have been used
in the construction of bailers. He soys that
steel plates. With a tensile strength of from thirty
to thirty-fonr tons, are easily and safely worked
by experienced men. They have had steel
boilers at work for nine years, and thejr have
given perfect satisfaction, and the repairs are
light as compared with those of Iron boilers.
Mr. Adumson, whose talents as a mechan-
ical engineer are well-known, informs me that
in his steam engines, when the ohoice of ma-
terials is left with him , all the principal parts
are made of Bessemer Bteel, and that the re-
sults have been most satisfactory. Mr. Adam-
son states that he has used various kindi of
steel in boiler work, but since the introduction
of Bessemer steel plate3 he has used no other;
of this material he has made between six and
seven hundred boilers, mostly for high press-
ures. He is now making a number of steel
shell and fire-box boilers, of seven feet diame-
ter, to work to eighty pounds and one hundred
pounds pressure to the square inch.
He describes his method of working steel
plates as follows : "A piece is out off every plate
and tested before the plateB are accepted ; the
.edges of the plates, when used for boilers, are
"all planed, the rivet holes are drilled through
both plates together, after the plates are bent
and in place; in every case double or chain
riveting is adopted." He goes on to say: "In
the application of steel plates for fire-boxes, T
have experienced the most satisfactory results;
there is no blistering, and the plates show great
endurance. When boilers have been allowed
to run short of water, the plates have bulged
or collapsed, but they never fractured." In
this respect, he thinks that Steel plates are su-
perior to any iron ever made. Mr. Adamson,
like Mr. Sharpe, advocates the use of steel of
comparatively low tensile strength, from thirty
to thirty-two tons per square inch. Steel of
thirty-eight to forty tons to the inch was found
quite unsuitable for boiler work; it was found
wanting in ductility, and the use of such a ma-
terial was quickly abandoned.
A great deal has been sai i and written about
the want of uniformity in Bessemer steel, but
what could be more satisfactory than Mr. Ad-
amson's experience on this head ? Messrs.
Galloway, of Manchester, who have a large ex-
perience in boiler making, and who are noted
for the excellence of their work, inform me
than when they commenced using Bessemer
steel plates, about 1861, the results were not
satisfactory, the plates being too hard; but
that of late they have used, steel plates exten-
sively, and that the conclusion they have come
to is, that when the annealing is carefully per-
formed the plates are perfectly trustworthy; in
faot, in the testing of boilers they now find
quite as little trouble with steel plates as with
iron ones, if not less. They state further that
careful annealing has a most beneficial effect;
and they refer to some experiments made for
the Manchester Boiler Insurance Company by
Mr. Kirkaldy on the strength of riveted joints,
which conclusively proved that even in the
case of wrought iron plates whioh are punched
it is advisable to anneal them.
The Floob of the Mississippi Valley. — The
boring of an artesian well at St. Louis showed
the Potsdam sandstone to be four thousand
feet below the bed of the Mississippi river; and
as this rock carries a fossil trUobite, that level
at one time must have been the floor of an
ocean.
Five thousand feet beneath the grand prairies
of Illinois is found the Silurian limestone, in
which lie imbedded vast families of crustaceans
that once sported in the wa era of an ocean.
Then the edict was promulgated that the ocean
should be filled up, and that the faoe of the
land thus formed should blossom with the rose
and violet, that the growing grain should wave
over the grave of this once active animal life,
supporting a dense population of human be-
ings; and it was done. But who shall estimate
the cycles that intervene between that epoch
and the preBent?
The " Vissing Links." — Mr. Darwin has in
press a description of a few of the "missing
links" between animal and vegetable life, in a
monograph on carnivorous plants.
Rapid Corrosion of Iron on Railway
Bridges and Depots.
It has frequently been noticed that iron used
in railway bridges, which is exposed to the
smoke, steam and heated gases escaping from
the passing locomotives, shows a greater ten-
dency to corrode than iron in situations not so
exposed. In some cases the iron beams and
rods on the upper part of the bridge have been
found to be rusted to such a depth that the
safety of the bridge is endangered. It is there-
fore important to learn the causes of this rapid
corrosion, in order to know what steps must be
taken to prevent it.
A few weeks ago some pieces of iron rust,
taken from a bridge on the Pennsylvania rail-
road, were sent to the laboratory of the Stevens
Institute, for a qualitative chemical examina-
tion, to learn whether such examination would
reveal any of the causes of the. rusting.
The result of the analysis showed that rapid
oxidation was undoubtedly caused by the pres-
tnoe of carbonic, sulphurio and sulphurous
acid, which are sufficient to promote rapid cor-
rosion whenever present in the smallest appre-
ciative quantities. The souroes from which
these substances are derived is evidently the
escaping gases of the locomotive, which con-
tain carbonic acid, and if there is sulphur in
the eoal, sulphurous and sulphuric acids. The
same difficulty is met with in connection with
railroading in England, bb will be observed
from the following paragraph, which wa clip
from the Industrial Moitthly:
"There would appear to be some danger in
the use of oast iron as a roofing material for
railway stations. The Vice-PreBident of the
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
exhibited at the last meeting some portion of
the cast iron roof from the Salford station of
the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway, whioh
having been put up for a period of four years,
was so much corroded and damaged that it had
to be taken down. He attributed the effects to
snlphnric acid and soot, arising from the com-
bustion of the coals used in the locomotives
passing under it, aided by the action of steam
and vibration. He referred to a paper by
himself, communicated to the eooiety, on
the effects of old coal-pit water on cast iron,
where similar results had been produced by
sulphuric aoid, carbonaceous matter and water;
also to a case alluded to by one of the most
distinguished members of the society, the late
Dr. W. Henry, of the rotting of cast iron by
the escape of steam from the junction of a pipe
imbedded in charcoal. Of course, the rate of
decomposition much depended on the quality
of the iron, but as that metal was now so much
employed in building ond mining operations,
he considered it desirable to briug before the
publio every instance that came to his knowl-
edge where it bal been damaged or decom-
posed."
Adhesion of Glue.
Mr. Bevan, experimentalizing on the adhe-
Biou of glue, fastened together two cylinders of
dry ash wood, one-fifth of sn inch in diameter
and about eight inches long. After they had
been glued together twenty-four hours they re-
quired a force of 1,260 pounds to separate them ;
and as the area of the circular ends of the
cylinders was 1.76 inch, it follows that a force
of 715 pounds would be required to separate
one square inch. It is proper to observe that
the glue used in this experiment was newly
made, and the season very dry; for, in some
former experiments on this substance, made in
the winter season and upon some glue which
had been frequently heated, with occasional
additions of glue and water, he obtained a re-
sult of 350 to 500 pounds to the square inch.
The present experiment was, however, con-
ducted upon a large scale, arid with care in the
direction of the resultant force, so that it might
be as nearly as practicable in a line passing at
right angles through the oenter of the surfaces
in contact. The pressure was gradually applied,
and was sustained two or three minutes before
the separation took plaoe. Upon examining
the separated surfaces, the glue appeared very
thin, and did not entirely cover the wood, so
that the aotual adhesion of the glue must be
something greater than 715 to the square inch.
Upon oomparing with this the natural cohesive
force, latterly, of wood of the Bame kind Mr
Bevan found it to be only 562 pounds; conse-
quently, if two pieces of this wood were well
glued together, the wood would have yielded
in its substance before the glue. From the
subsequent experiments made on solid glue
the coheBive force was found to be 4000 pounds
per square inob, from which it may be inferred
that the application of this substance as a
cement is susceptible of improvement.
Comphession in Casting.— Col. Uchatius, di-
rector of the Arsenal at Vienna, whose name is
coupled with a peculiarly fine and tenacious
steel made in Sweden, has lately given the re-
sults of an exhaustive series of experiments on
compressing bronze when in a state of fusion,
and otherwise treating so that it acquired many
of the properties of stoel. With an alloy of 90
per cent, of copper and 10 per cent, of tin, and
a pressure of eighty tons, a very hard, tenaci-
ous metal was produced, but one with little
more elasticity than ordinary bronze. On
cold rolling this bronze cast, under pressure,
into an ingot, its power of resistance, its elas-
ticity and hardness were inoreased. After re-
peated experiments it was found that an alloy
of 92 per cent, of copper and 8 per cent, of tin
was the best and most economical. In oasting
the bronze to produce a homogeneous mass,
after repeated and varied trials a double mould
with a solid forged copper core 0.05 metre in
diameter waB decided to be the best. The
bronze produced in this manner is deolared to
havj all the hardness, homogeneousness, and
power of resistance of steel tubes. Its wear-
ing qualities are as great, and the cost of bronze
guns made in this way ia much less than steel
if the value of the old metal is taken into ao-
count.
Quebv.— A correspondent of the Scientific
American propounds the following query : The
pressure gage and the safety valve on my boiler
do not agree. The steam blows off freely with
the weight at eighty pounds on the lever, while
the gage shows but sixty. The valve is thirteen-
sixteenths of an inch in diameter. I have ex-
amined the gage and find nothing wrong. How
oan I caloulate the proper weight for the valve f
That journal answers as follows: When you
have no steam in the boiler, secure the valve
stem to the lever, and attach a spring balance
to the lever just over the center of the valve
stem. Then raise the lever slightly, so as to
get the valve clear of the seat, and note the
reading of the spring balance. Then divide
this reading by the area of the valve in square
inches (0.5184 in your case), and the quotient
will be the pressure in pounds per square inch at
whioh the valve opens. The attention of all
who wish to test their safety valves is invited
to this extremely simple and accurate method.
396
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[Jufi€ i$, 187$
IINING SUMMARY.
The following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in the interior.ii) proximity to the mines mentioned
California.
AMADOR.
Mining. — Amador Ledger, June 12: Our
quartz mines are generally looking well, and
the ores taken from the various developed
mines keep up the usual yield per ton. The
mills now being run by water find many ad-
vantages resulting from the latter power over
steam; more rock can be crushed in a given
time by reason of the steadiness of the propel-
ling force and uniformity of motion. All the
mills now using steam within reach of the
Amador canal are making preparations to run
by water.
Volunteeb Mine. — The mill now being
erected on this mine is progressing rapidly, and
in a very short time will be ready for crushing.
The mill will have 10 stamps propelled by water.
The ore from the mine presents a very flatter-
ing appearance.
Goveb Mine. — This mine presents a very
fine appearance, indeed. Mr. Keichling and
Mr. Berryman say, in regard to their examina-
tion of the Gover, "We find a large and well
defined quartz ledge, with sufficient ore in sight
to supply a 20-stamp mill for many years, "
again they say, "The rock appears to be of fair
quality and contains an unusual quantity of
sulphurets, which we are satisfied are good."
Mr. Horn says, "He was 8gr» eably]> urprised to
find the mine looking so well," and suggests a
larger mill, as also an air thai'! ; with the latter
he says there would be no difficulty in taking
out 100 tons of ore per day.
There is a strong probability that the Ama-
dor canal company will convey water across
Amador creek and supply motive power to the
Gover and other mills in the vicinity. Mr.
Tregloan, the superintendent of the Gover, has
worked faithfully and intelligently in develop-
ir.g the mine, and under his management it is
fast becoming valuable property. With
larger mill and steady crushing power, the mine
would soon become very productive property.
"We are glad to chronicle the flattering pros-
pects of the Gover.
CALAVERAS.
Good Clean-TJp. — Calaveras Chronicle, June
12: One of the best paying gravel claims in the
m ddle or southern counties is the Tunnel
Ridge hydraulic, owned by J. F. Veith, Esq.,
of this place. The claim is a very extensive
one, and it is worked on a large scale. A re-
cent clean-up, after a "run" of fifteen days,
yielded $3,000, and more than the usual quan-
tity of lop dirt was washed. The claim is good
for an average yield of $200 for everyday water
is run. It will bother any of the hydraulics in
the State, except a few of the most prominent
ones in the northern counties, to make a better
showing.
West Point Distbict. — A "worked out"
mine has been relocated by Mr. Woodwoitb,
and is now being reopened. Its location is
south of the Josephine. Josephine is turning
out 10 tons of ore per 24 hours. The bottom
of the shaft shows better ore than ever, yield-
ing very valuable specimens. The "Matri-
monial" has been relocated. The Enterprise
company are beginning a new working shaft on
the main south chimney of the Mina Rica mine.
This chimney was worked many years ago to
the depth of 175 ft, with handsome profits, in
spite of reckless management. The present
company intend to erect here their principal
hoisting works and sink the shaft to the depth
of 500 ft as fast as muscle can accomplish it.
The Fields tunnel is turning out very fine ore.
The Haskins mine, near Skull flat, yields fine
ore which is nearly pure sulphurets. Cham-
pion ore rich as usual.
COLUSA.
The Richest Yet.— Colusa Sim: A vein of
cinnabar about 2 ft thick has been struck in
the Rathbun mine, which is perhaps the rich-
est ever found in this State. It is very soft, is
pure Jvermillion, and is about 80 per cent,
mercury, the balance sulphur. There is no
rock, or hard substance in it.
INYO.
Panamint Items. — Fanamint News, June 8:
The souihern portion of our district, although
fiist discovered, excited less attention that the
Surprise or Narboe canons, although Happy
valley and the canons south are belter watered
and have more timber than the first mentioned
localises. During the past two months Happy
valley and the canons lying south have at-
tracted considerable attention by recent discov-
eries made by experienced prospectors, the
most prominent of which are the Pennsylvania,
Stonewall Jackson, General Lee, Young Amer-
ica and others, beside the well known Happy
Valley and Juno claims. The Pennsylvania,
about half a mile south of the Juno, is a gold
and silver bearing ledge of high grade, assaying
from $18 to $20 m gold and lxom $30 to $150
in silver, with small quantities of lead, show-
ing considerable free gold to the naked eye.
This ledge consists of three parallel veins about
100 ft apart, with a width of not less than 3 ft,
and widening to 5 or 6 ft. But little is done
sb yet on this claim. The ledge shows more
than 400 ft on the surface, and .two extensions
have been taken up. The same parlies have
discovered the Stonewall Jackson. This is a
carbonate bearing ledge of great strength, show-
ing at no point less than 10 ft, and increasing
to a width of 25 and 30 ft. This ledge lies at the
head of Happy valley, running southerly from
the foot of Sentinel peak across the valley,
continuing in nearly a straight line over the
next ridge and across Indian valley, showing
over 7,000 ft on the surface. The ore assays
from $18 to $68 in silver, and is improving as
the work progresses. The General Lee is a
ledge of the same characteristics as the Stone-
wall Jackson, apparently a part eff the same,
and running together at the northern and
southern extremities, with a hill between them.
At the junction of the two ledges it attains a
width of 35 or 40 ft. A heavy body of timber
to the south and east, easy of access, with a
sufficient quantity of water, combine to make
this claim very valuable. To the southward
lies the Young America and other claims,
showing more of the character of the Surprise
canon ledges, all of which are bound to make
Happy valley an active and busy camp at no
distant period.
FRESNO.
Quioksilvee Mining. — Fresno .Expositor,
June 16: From Deo Malcolm, of Panoche, we
learn that the Little Panoche mining company
is now extracting some very fine ore from the
mine, and the work of developing it is going
steadily ahead. The Fresno mine, near Mex-
ico, is also developing well. A considerable
force of men is engaged at the mine. The New
Idria company are working a full force of men,
and are turning pot an abundance of the sil-
very liquid. The Cerro Benito mine is looking
much better than formerly. A tunnel has been
run from the flat into the mountain, a distance
of about 1,500 ft, and a fine vein of ore has
been struck, giving great encouragement to
the owners of the mine. Two new locations
have been recorded by John W. C. Maxwell,
superintendent of the New Idria mine. They
are both situated near the New Idria mines.
The prospects are now favorable for a busy
mining season in that region, and if the new
mines only turn out as well as is now anticipa-
ted, the region of country in and around Pan-
oche will be thickly populated and prosperous.
KERN.
Havilah Mines. — Southern Californian, June
10: M. Jacoby arrived from Kernville on Mon-
day. He gives the most encouraging Btaie-
mtnt of the mines of the county. The Sumner
mine, he is ltd to believe, uill yet be able to
run a thousand stamps. The owners have a
patent for nearly two miles of mineral on the
surface with a depth beyond imagination. Since
the change of ownership of the mines at Havi-
lah there is strong prospect of preat improve-
ment in that section. One good mine would
be worth more than all the county seats they
could ever hope for. The county seat will not
make a town of any place. Too much impor-
tance has been attached to it. With good
mines, or a large and prosperous agricultural
country about it, the town must grow into a
city. Without either all would be a failure.
LAKE.
Coal Location. — Santa Rosa Democrat, June
12: On Soda creek, six miles from Guenoc, in
Lake county, several locations have been made
for coal by different parties. The best prospect
so far is on the location of T. H. Hames and
James Brown. The last named parties are fol-
lowing down npon a stratum, which at the
depth of 40 ft has widened to nearly 10 inches.
The quality of the coal is very superior, and
there seems scarcely a doubt but that a good
coal mine will be developed on this claim. Mr.
James Brown formerly lived in Analy township,
in this county, and his many friends here will
be glad to see him make his " pile " on coal.
NEVADA.
Kentucky Mine. — Foothill Tidings, June 12:
The contractors are making very good progress
in sinking the main shaft of this mine, the
ground being quite favorable. The ledge in
the bottom of the shaft is somewhat split up
but the quartz looks well, the black rock or
cab is cutting out and the walls are now taking
their regular dip— showing that they are get-
ting down 10 where the country rock is more
settled. No water is met with in sinking. As
an indication and to show what practical miners
think of Kentucky as an investment, we will
mention that a few days since one of the fore-
men in the Idaho, a most thorough miner and
a man'of superior judgment, went through the
mine and examined it carefully, and so pleased
was he, comparing the present aspect of affairs
with those of the Idaho at the same depth, that
he immediately purchased stock at several
times the price at which it was sold a few
months since. It is this class of men, men
who saw Idaho go up from $2.50 to $25 and
then to $250 and sinoe to $1000 a share, and
who know just how that mine came near dis-
couraging its owners before they got down to
its permanent and paying levels, that are grad-
ually picking up this stock.
Howard Hill Mine. — Grass Valley Union,
June 16: In visiting the mine, after exam-
ining the upper levels we found ourselves at
the 300-ft level. The shaft is 100 ft deeper
than this but has not been pumped out as yet.
A six-inch pump is in it now, so that when it
is thought expedient, it can soon be made dry.
The east drift on this level is the only part of
the mine that is now being worked, and 6
men are here employed working eight hour
shifts. This drift is in 460 ft, which carries it
into the Cambridge ground. In the face of
this drift the ledge ia at least 6 ft thick and as
fine a one as we ever set eyes on. Plenty of
beautiful sulphurets and considerabe free gold
is visible. The ledge in this drift clear from
the shaft has been bo large that but little of the
foot or hanging walls have had to be removed,
hence there is but little dead work. From this
drift alone the dump has been filled, and it has
now become a question where to store the rock
until the mill commences. The west drift at
this level is in 380 ft, and has a good ledge in
its face. Stopes enough are now opened to
keep the mill running a year with the rock now
in sight. The most of the water encountered
comes from the Cambridge works, for a large
stream constantly flows from it. After a close
examination of the ledge in the drifts and
stopes, we came to the. surface and went
through the mill. Fifteen stamps are still in
place from the old mill, but the rest of the
works have been removed and will bo replaced
by the very latest improvements. The ma-
chinery is being overhauled and fixed up, bo
that when it is at work a saving of at least two
cords of wood per day will be effected. Electro-
copper plates and Eureka rubbers will be in-
troduced, and the mill will start in July. It
will crush between 35 and 40 tons of rock a
day, and the rook will average at the very least
$20 per ton. This average will no doubt fall
far below the real yield, but to be safe we say
$20. This can be be mined and milled for $6
per ton, which leaves $14 a ton clear gain.
PLACER.
Mining Items. — Placer Argus, June 12: The
St. Patrick mine ia looking up under the effi-
cient management of J. A. Townsend. The
212, 312, 360 and 440-ft levels are showing good
milling ore. The clean-up of the St. Patrick
mill, on the 3rdinst., proved very satisfactory.
Two gold bars, weighing 602 ounces, were
shipped to San Franoisco, one-half of which
was the yield from 64 tons of rock taken from
the 440-ft level. It is the intention of the
company to shortly put in new machinery for
hoisting, the present proving inadequate for
the present work.
The Good Friday mining company are drift-
ing and running west at a depth of 120 ft.
The rock improves as the work progresses.
The Eclipse mill and mining company have
leased their mill to C. A. Cooper, who will
continue to run it on custom rock.
The St. Lawrence mill and mining company
started up their mill on Monday. They have
100 tons of rock on baud that promises to pay
well. They are stoping on the 150 and 175-ft
levels. The ledges are from 15 inches to 4 ft
in thickness. Isaac Thomas is the superin-
tendent of the mine.
The Kirkland mill and mining company,
located near Ophir, on the road between Ophir
and Newcastle, is owned by an English com-
pany. This is a new company, the ground
having been recently surveyed and patent ap-
plied for. A mill will be erected at once.
The business prospects of the Green mine
are flattering. Everything is looking well.
The company intend to put in a new pump to
connect with the old one now in use, bo that
they can sink deeper. The rock of this mine
improves as they go down.
The Hobson gravel mining company are
pushing their work with considerable energy.
They have now about 30 men at work in lay-
ing pipe, about 90 Chinamen at work digging
ditch, and 6 teams hauling timber and pipe.
The Placer Herald says that most of the
mines are still running at Dutch Flat and Gold
Run, and those places are livelier than they
have been for years. Money there is said to
be plenty.
PLUMAS.
Gbeenville Items. — Cor. Plumas National,
June 12: Mining interests are looking up,
The Indian Valley mine thipped $3,000 last
week for twenty days' run of sixteen stamps.
The Wolf Creek mine, under the new manage-
ment, is doing finely, and promises to be one
of the best paying mines in this section. The
Green Mountain is said to be- sustaining its
former reputation of one of the best on this
side of the ridge. The Union mine is running
twelve stamps with prospects improving every
day. The B&er ledge has its full complement
of men and a good body of rock in sight.
Harry Gr gg is taking some of the richest rock
from the Grass ledge that has ever come out of
it. Tanner has recently sold his interest in
the Corvalles ledge to his partner Wiles, for
$2,000.
SANTA BARBARA. ^
Oca Qcticksilveb Mines. — Santa Barbara
June 5: We take pleasure in saying
that the cinnabar mines, in this county, are
soon to be represented in the market with the
first ore smelted in their furnaces. On Mon-
day next, June 7, the first furnace will be
fired in the Los Frietos mines, and in a few
days the value of these mines will be tested in
a practical manner. The company have reason
to feel some degree of satisfaction with the
work done on these mines. There is no dis-
trust of their richness and value as the ore is
accumulated for the fiery trial. Everything
about the outlay has been on a broad scale, and
the determination to develope the immense
resources of these mines to the fullest extent
has never flagged for a moment.
SAN BENITO-
Cinnabae and Coal. — San Benito Enterprise,
June 12: It is not generally known that in the
last few months the most flattering prospects
for extensive cinnabar and coal have been dis-
covered and partially developed, in the district
of country between Slack's canon and the head
of Cholame valley, lying about 80 miles south?
east of Hollister. Some 30 or 40 quicksilver
localities have been made, on some of which
considerable work has already been done with
the most satisfactory results. One mine has
100 tons of first class ore on its dumps. A short
distance east of the cinnabar range very prom-
ising coal croppings have been found. The
geological formation of the Country thereabouts,
and other indications known to experienced
coal miners, leave no doubt of the existence of
large deposits of this mineral in that locality —
in fact, the croppings prove to be the genuine
article.
STANISLAUS.
Quioksilveb.— Stanislaus News, June 10:
The prospects in the Orestimba quicksilver
claim, back of Grayson, in the Coast range of
this county, are opening up splendidly. A large
body of cinnabar has been struck that readily
smelts from 10 to 20 per cent, of pure quick-
silver. The lode is large, well defined, and
easily worked. Several other claims have also
been located on the same range that promise
well.
SOLANO.
QmcKsiLVEB Strike.— Vallejo Independent,
June 12: A rich strike of black ore was make
on Thursday last in the Loop quicksilver mine
oh D. N. Hastings' ranch, Benicia. The ledge
was uncovered for a space of 15 by 20 ft, and
every part ia sparkling with the metal. Parties
well posted pronounce it the richest of any-
thing yet discovered. A tunnel being run iff
now in 120 ft; which in 50 ft more will strike-
the chimney 150 ft below the surface.
TUOLUMNE.
Bio Oak : Flat Mines. — Union Democrat,
June 12: The Longfellow quartz claim, for-
merly known as the Butler claim, at Big Oak
Flat, we learn is yielding some very rich rook,
some of it more suitable for the mortar than
crushing in a mill. Also the mine owned by O.
Mormon gives out good rock and is undoubt-
edly a rich claim. A little capital over among
the mines in that vicinity will stand more than
a fair chance of scouring a profit.
The Nonpariel mine at Deer flat has been
successfully opened, the tunnel which was be-
ing driven the past three years has drained the
mine and connections have been made with all
the levels. The ore taken out is of a rich
grade. While waiting for machinery the mine is
not being worked, over 8,000 tons being already
out for milling. Machinery for the mill is now
on the way from Oakdale, which the superin-
tendent, Mr. Bu Piatt thinks, can get in plaoe
in the next two or three weeks.
The Confidence Mine. — Tuolumne Independ-
ent, Jnn e 12: Is now working 12 men on the
500 ft level, running north and south. In the
south drift they have a white rook with not
much in it. In the north drift the walls are
from 6 to 10 ft apart, filled with vein matter,
10 to 15 inches of which is very good, showing
free gold. They expect the vein to fill in, as
usual, as they advance, when it will undoubt-
edly prove a fine chute. It is contemplated to
sink, and a Burleigh drill has been ordered for
the purpose.
The Gbizzly Mine. — They are down 60 ft,
and have struck a new chute in the northern
part of the mine, where the vein is about 3 ft
in width. It looks splendid and shows free
gold plentifully. This is a new chute, never
before worked. The chances are favorable for
a good mine.
Spring Gulch Mine. — The vein is looking
well in the shaft, 250 ft from the surface, they
have struck the vein 6 ft wide on the foot wall,
showing free gold, and the prospects are splen-
did.
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
Cbown Point.— Gold Hill News, June 10:
Daily yield, 550 tons, from the old ore produc-
ing levels of the mine. The stopes and breasts
hold out finely, with plenty of ore in sight for
some time to come. Nearly 17,000 tons were
extracted last month. Nothing doing at the
1600-ft level. At the 1700 the drift east for the
ledge is being pushed forward steadily; the
operations at this level are calculated to also
test the merits of the level above. The main
incline is being sunk deeper, and is now 40 ft
below the 1700-ft level.
Lady Bryan. — To-morrow sinking the main
ledge will be resumed, the drainage tank at the
350-ft level being completed. This will catch
up all flowage of water at and above that point,
and prevent its interfering with the sinking of
the shaft. It is an evidently wise idea to sink
this shaft deeper, as the bottom of it is nearly
quite touching the east wall of the vein, and
owing to the great width and easterly dip of
the vein it will probably pass through 300 ft of
it before reaching the west wall.
Cons. Vibginia. — Daily jield,600 tons of ore,
from the regular ore producing sections. The
stopes and breasts continue looking and yield-
ing splendidly as usual. The connections
made between the 1400-ft level and the level
below, and between the winze from cross-out
No. 3 at the s^e level, and the up-raise from
cross-cut No. ?T<flf the California 1500 -ft level,
mentioned in our last report, operate to im-
mense advantage in giving air circulation and
cooling off the hot depths of both mines.
Chollab-Potosi. — Daily yield 80 tons, assay-
ing about $32 per ton on the average. The old
ore sections are holding out pretty well as yet,
and the bullion yield for May footed up nearly
§32,000.
Ophib. — Daily yield of ore 150 tons, princi-
pally from the stopes and breasts of the 1405-
I't level, which continue to hold out well and
promise much. The connection between the
winze sunk below the 1000-ft level and the
southwest drift from the east shaft, mentioned
in our last week's report, proves of vast benefit
in the ventilation and development of the
mine. The winze is now being continued down
to the 1700-ft level for a similar purpose, fol-
lowing the dip of the vein.
June 19, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
397
BKLCHca.-Tbo repairs to the machinery being
completed, the works and everything in and
•boat the mine is running as before, giving the
regular yield of 500 tons ore. The ore produc-
ing section* are holding oat finely, with plenty
of good r*av ore in sight to last for a long time
to come. The mills being well supplied with
accumulation of ore during the temporary sns-
petmieu of work in the mine, run steadily along,
«md are kept doing so. The main incline is
new sunk to the depth of 25 ft below the 1600-
flotation, with the bottom in dry, bard rook.
Gould & Ccbbt.— Tee north drift of the
1700ft level progresses slowly to its connection
with the Beet & Belcher south drift, owing to
■the very hard rock and almost unendurable
heat. The south drift from the double winze
at the same level, is also slowly progressing
under the same disadvantages, but as soon as
connection is made with the Best & Belober,
first-rate ventilation will be secured and min-
ing operations very much facilitated.
Caledonia. — The new shaft is down a little
over 200 ft, and good progress being made, con-
sidering the amount of water met with. The
drain tunnel, to intersect this shaft 120 ft from
tke surface, will be completed shortly. Most
of the new and powerful machinery for this
shaft has arrived on the ground, and the mason
work of the foundations is under good head-
way.
California. — Cross-cut No. 6, on the 1500 ft
level, 100 ft Boutb of the Opbir line, is being
•driven ahead for the ore vein at a lively rate.
It is running in hard porphyry, which blasts
■well, allowing of very good progress.
Halk &, Noiicnoss. — The daily ore yield of
this urine is limited to but a few tons at present.
Active prospecting for new deposits is going
.ahead, with good promise of success.
Bkst & Bklcbeb. — Tbe main north drift of
•the 1700-ft level is being advanced at a very
good rate, considering the difficulties of the
oftiation, and the tough, hard nature of the
nock.
Sikrra Nevada. — Sinking the shaft goes
'right straight along as usual, and the prospect-
ling operations in the old upper workings of tbe
-mine are pushed ahead energetically without,
however, any very good developments in the
way of new or paying ore bodies.
Cosmopolitan. — Mine is looking splendidly,
with plenty of good pay ore in sight, but owing
to increase of bad air in the slopes, ore ex-
traction from them is temporarily suspended
until the proper air drift connections can be
made.
Silveb Hzll. — Prospecting operations at the
secoud and third levels going ahead vigorously.
Utah:. — The powerful new hoisting works
are being hastened to completion as fast as
plemty of men and means will allow. The
machinery is among the best on the Comstock,
and will be ready to start up in tbe course of a
week or ten day*.
Justice. — The face of the north dnfc at the
800 ft level shows improvement, the vein mat-
ter being of a more favorable and promising
character.
Segregated Gold Hill. — Cross cutting at
the 400-ft level has developed a fine body of
$30 to $40 ore, and a drift is being pushed east
for the well known east ore body or red ledge.
Bullion. — The main south drift from the
1700-ft level of the Imperial is steadily advanc-
ing along the west wall of the ore vein, and the
cross-cut east from it is still in ore. The quartz
body developed at the 800-ft level continues
looking finely, and promises to lead to a good
or* deposit.
Globe Cons. — The material in the face of
the main west drift at the 240 ft level i* getting
somewhat softer, and large seams of quartz
gravel are beiog passed through.
Woodville Cons. — New shaft 368 ft deep to-
day. It has passed vertically through 32
ft of milling ore, and, aocording to present in-
dications, the west wall is not far ofi\
Baltimobe and Amebican Flat. — Very prom-
ising bodies of low grade oie continue to be
met with in cross-cutting at the 750-ft level
Jacob Little Cons. — During tbe past week
the ore developed by the west drift and cross-
outs has shown considerable improvement, and
the dump shows an accumulation of it which
will 1 ay well under the stamps.
Mexican. — The bottom of the winze, below
the 14-65- ft level, continues in low grade ore,
the assays of which ran higher than those of
last week. The prospects are very encourag-
ing.
Original Gold Hill. — Opening out the ore
body in the south drift, and extending the north
drilt farther north is about the situation in this
mine.
SACRAMENTO DISTRICT.
Gold Rock. — Silver State, June 4. — Doctor
Pollard, of Sacramento district, brought speci-
mens of ore from a ledge recently discovered
in that district to town yesterday,
which are rich in free gold. The ledge from
which it was taken is situated about a hundred
yards south of the old Limerick mining camp,
and if it continues much more similar to the
specimens exhibited here, Doc. Pollard will
soon be a bloated millionaire.
WHITE PINE DISTRICT;
Started Up. — White Pine Nexos, June 12:
The Eberhardt & Aurora company started up
their mill last Sunday evening. Everything
about it is in splendid working order, and a
very successful run is anticipated.
New1 Tunnel. — The San Jose mining com-
pany, at Egau canon, are making preparations
to start an extensive tunnel, for the purpose of
draining and working their mine to better ad-
vantage. The Burleigh drill will be used, the
machinery for which is now at the mine and is
being put up.
Vibotnia Win*. — Work on this mine is
steadily progressing, and so far with the most
flattering results.
Chkbbt Cbeek. — The Cherry Creek Consol-
idated M. <fc M. Co., G. F. William1* superin-
tendent, are having ore from the Exchequer
mine worked at the Thompson mill, under the
superintendence of dipt. Kimball. It was
thought the ore from this mine was too base
for mill process, but It has been demonstrated
that tbe ore can be easily worked, and the mill
is now turning out some fine bullion.
Arizona.
Mining Intelligence. — Arizona Citizen,
June 5: The Papago Indians have for years
brought here for sale more or less gold dust,
but we never expected that this class of mining
would be entered into in this section of country
to any extent. Not long ago some very good
placer gnlches were discovered in the Santa
Rita mountains, and since that time old Cali-
fornia miners have been dropping in there, and
a steadily increasing stream of gold has been
coming into Tuoson, until now it is becoming
a very considerable resource, and every day
numbers of people are seen going in that direc-
tion with pack animals loaded with provisions
and tools.
Fred Hughes brought in last week 7 ounces
of gold and says that the next time he comes in
he shall have 3 pounds. Mr. Musio brought
in a handsome lot and says that he is more
than paying his expenses and has to paok bis
dirt some distance. He is preparing for the
rains and says when the miners get water
they will make from $10 to $20 per day.
Billy Wood took out in 2 days last week $25,
and all who go there seem to be well pleased
with the prospects.
Southwest of Tucson, in what is called the
Papngo country, there seems to be quite ex-
tensive gold fields also, and it is from this
section that tbe Papagos have obtained most
of their gold. To give some idea of the gold
that is coming into thi b market, one firm has
purchased over $3000 in dust during the last
month.
We were shown this week a nugget about
one half gold and silver, taken from a placer
claim of Ren, Smith & Co., just below a fine
ledge they have, that assays well in both
metals. This is rather a rare combination to
be found in placer nuggets, and gives evidence
that there is something very pure in the way
of both these precious metals near at hand.
We have heard that a new discovery has
been made in the Pinal mountains about 10
miles from the Silver King, that bids fair to
be as good as that famous mine. We have
been unable so far to get any particulars.
In the Truman district work is being pushed
on the Georgia mine with satisfactory results;
vein from 6 to 8 ft solid, with a fine grain of
galena ore. At the Lost mine they are sinking
a new shaft.
Tully, Ocboa & Co. have been running their
smelting furnace this week night and day on
good looking copper ore. The pure copper they
are running out is good to look at.
Tom Roderick came in on Monday from the
Ostrich mine and brought with him $54 in
gold taken from one ton of rock worked in an
arrastr_a. Tom says that there is plenty more
of the same sort.
Colorado-
Cleab Cbeek Items. — Colorado Miner, June
12: The mines on Democrat are nearly all in
good pay and yielding. wjbII.
Tbe Pelican and Dive's are producing heavily,
and turning out immense amounts of ore.
On the Pay Bock Consolidated 65 men
are steadily employed, and the mine is in
splendid condition.
Work ib being steadily pushed forward on
the Moore lode, on Sherman mountain. A
shaft is being sunk on the vein, showing a
good body of ore.
Bboadway TtTNNEL. — This property, on Leav-
enworth mountain, belonging to the Broadway
mining company, working under the direction
of John Hanning, is steadily improving as de-
velopment progresses. The mineral from this
mine is very high grade, specimen assays show-
ing a result of 4,577 ounces, or a coin value of
$5,917.60 silver per ton. Tbe ore vein varies
from 6 to 10 inches. Next week we are prom
ised the result of mill runs from the mine.
Cleab Cbeek Mining and Impbovement Co. —
Contracts have been let, and leases given, to
develop a part of this company's property on
Republican mountain. The Barbara Allen,
Dryden, Peru and Cosmos lodes will receive
the first attention. Huyett & Co. are working
on ore in Everett, and will soon be ready to
begin stoping overhead, when the mine has
been placed in the proper condition. J. War-
ren Brown, President of the company, is giv-
ing his personal attention to the work of de-
velopment, and does not intend to allow the
rich veins owned by the company to iemain
unproductive.
The Specie ttjnnel, Brown mountain, under
the management of Bobert L. Martin as super-
intendent, is making rapid progress on its way
to cut the Atlantic lode, one of the rich ore
channels of Brown mountain. One ton of first-
class ore lately taken from -the deep shaft on
this mine gave a return of $1,128.40, and one
ton of|second-elass ore gave are turn of $499.20,
in silver, coin value, per ton. We give these
figures to show that our treasure vaults are
yielding their wealth, under the magic touch of
labor, the royal jewel of manhood. If the' Di-
rector of the U. S. mint will locate a branch
mint ?n Denver, the resumption of specie pay-
ments will be only a question of a year, or at
tbe farthest two years. Our mining industry,
throughout the whole Territory, has a healthy
and vigorous growth.
Idaho.
Condition of the Minks. — Idaho Avalanche,
June 12: There is increased activity in min-
ing operations during the past week, and the
outlook both here and elsewhere throughout
the Territory is favorable. Tbe mills in this
vicinity are all in operation, with the exception
of the Cosmos, which will be running next
week, and will be started on ore from the Illi-
nois Central mine. Several new mining pro-
jects are being originated and there are
indications of very active business throughout
tbe season in both new and old mines. At the
latter and many of the former there is a very
large quantity of ore awaiting shipment to the
mills. A lively business for the season is
promised in the transportation of bullion. Al-
though general indications are favorable for
active summer's work, we would state that
there is abundance of laborers both here and
at South Mountain and the numbers being
quite equal to tbe present demand, we would
not advise men to come to this quarter with
the expectation that they will get immediate
employment. The field is large, but requires
further cultivation and development in order
to justify any extended emigration in this
direction by those who might be hoping to
realize immediately from their labors in tbe
mines. .
Illinois Central. — The new assorting
houses, car track and ore chute have just been
completed in this mine, and active operations
are in progress. A very rich quality of ore is
now being extracted from the first level stones.
Poobman. — The guides are being put in con-
dition for the reception of the new cage in this
mine and the work will be completed in a few
days. Cross-cutting will Boon be commenced
and from present indications the ledge prom-
ises to be very rioh.
Mahogany. — Good ore to the amount of 30
tons a day is being taken oat of this mine and
is being worked at the Ellmore mill. Much of
it comes from the 8th and 9th level stopes.
The 10th and 11th levels are being opened up
and are showing a splendid quality of ore.
Wab Eagle. — Six bars of bullion, valued at
$31,772.94, were shipped from this mine during
the past week, beirjg the results from one
month's run of the Golden Chariot company'
mill.
Empire. — Superintendent Carter reports act-
ive work in this mine. The 6th level is being
driven north and south; a winze is also being
raised from No. 6 to connect with No. 5, and
the ore thus far turned out is of unusually
good quality.
Golden Chariot. — Work on the late dis-
covery ledge and in all parts of the mine con-
tinues with unabated activity, and the most
favorable results are attending the operations.
The entire machinery of the Golden Chariot is
working successfully, and large quantities of
fine ore are being turned out daily.
South Chariot. — The work in the 9th and
10th level drifts shows a steady improvement
in the size of the ledge and the quality of tbe
ore.
Montana-
Nine Mdle Mine. — Correspondence New
Northwest, May 28: I am happy to say that re-
ports from Nine Mile are good. We have every
reason to believe that Pilon and his company
have struck it very rich— say 50 cts., 75 cts.,
$1, $2 and even $3 to the pan. Everybody is
excited. I think you had better come back.
No doubt it will make a large camp and the
other oreek will pay, if they can get on tbe
Btreak. In a week or two a large crowd will
be there, and anyway there will be lots of
chances of every kind for you.
Improved Dry Amalgamator.
Edwin J. Fraser, of this oity, has recently
patented through the Mtndsg and Scientific
Press Patent Agency a machine for subjecting
dry pulverized ore to the action of quicksilver,
in order to separate and amalgamate the metal-
lic portion, while the lighter or non-metallic
portion is carried away. It is equally useful
for separating finely divided amalgam after the
pulverized ore has been submitted to the dry
barrel process of amalgamation.
Inside of a box or tank, having an inlet spout
at one end and an outlet spout at the opposite
end, is mounted one or more cylinders, upon
journals bearing on the sides of the tank or
box. Each cylinder extends entirely across in-
side of the tank, there being a narrow space
between the outer rims of each, and each one
is provided with a number of buckets. Between
each two cylinders is secured a petition or
plate, so that its lower edge will dip into the
mercury and will be just cleared by the buckets
of the first cylinder, while its upper edge
extends above the surface of the quicksilver
for the purpose hereafter described.
The cylinders and rings are covered with
copper, so as to give a large amalgamating sur-
face. The tank will be kept filled with quick-
silver, bo that the greater portion of each
cylinder will move in it, and thus preserve a
fresh amalgamated surface. The cylinders are
geared together so that the power applied will
rotate them simultaneously.
The dry pulverized ore to be amalgamated U
fed into one end of the tank by the inlet, spout.
As it falls on tbe surface of the quicksilver, the
buckets of tbe first rotating cylinder will catch
it and draw it under tbe surface of the quick-
silver and around with it, so as to transfer it to
its opposite side and beyond the accompanying
partition. During tbe passage through the
body of quicksilver the particles of ore are
brought into direct contact with the mercury
and the amalgamated surface of tbe cylinder
and buckets, thus insuring the amalgamation
of the particles of metal. As the ore is carried
past the lowest point in the revolution of
the buckets, the particles which have not be-
come amalgamated will begin to riee on the
oppofite side of the cylinder, where they will
be directed by tbe partiiion plate to the surfaoe
on the Bide opposite the first cylinder and
within reach of the bucket* of the cylinder,
which again catch it and repeat the process of
submersion in tbe same manner aH above de-
scribed. This process will be repeated as often
as there are cylinders in the tank. The worth-
less portion of the ore will finally be carried to
the surface at the outlet spout, from whence it
can be removed. By this means the ore is
thoroughly subjected to tbe action of the quick-
silver, and any particles of metal which it con-
tains are amalgamated.
This machine is simple and light, so that it
can he easily transported to points where it is
unpracticable to transport large amalgamating
machinery, and suohas is usually employed for
amalgamating in the wet way. It also offers
the advantage of providing a means of amalga-
mating ores at points where water cannot be
obtained.
New Books.
"Designing and Construction of Machine
Gearing" is the title of a work which has been
laid on our table by A. L. Bancroft & Co. It
is intended as a mechanics' and students' guide
in the designing and construction of genera
machine gearing, such as eccentrics, screws,
toothed wheels, etc. Considerable space is also
given to the drawing of rectilineal and curved
surfaces, with practical rules and details. The
work is edited by Francis Herbert Joynson,
author of "The Metals Used in Construction."
As an index of the contents we give the follow-
ing titles of chapters: "Of the Eccentric
Curves," "Of the Screw," "Of the Construc-
tion of Toothed Wheels," "Details and Calcu-
lations Connected with Shafts, Pedestals and
Pulleys," "A Selection of Geometrical Prob-
lems Useful to the Mechanical Draughtsman
and Designer," "Definitions of Terms Used in
Preceding Problems." A large number of
drawings are given in tbe latter end of the
book. The work will be a very useful one to
aspiring mechanics and students.
We have also received from Bancroft ' 'Navi-
gation, in Theory and Practice," by Hon.
Henry Evers, LL.D., Science and Art College,
Plymouth, author of "Steam and the Steam
Engine," "Nautical Astronomy," etc. The work
contains some 260 pages and is intended to
give the student, as far as possible, a clear in-
sight into the theory and practice of navigation.
The writer says he has endeavored to make the
subject as easy, practical and perspicuous as
possible by presenting the definitions, illustra-
tions, etc., in every variety of aspect. He has
certainly gone into much more minute details
than is usually the case in workB of this char-
acter, and he leaves nothing unexplained. Tbe
contents are divided up into tbe following gen-
eral heads: "Definitions and Preliminary Illus-
trations," "The Compass and its Declination,"
'*TheLog,LogLineandLogGlass," "PlaneSail-
ing." "Traverse Sailing," "Current Sailing,"
"The Day's Work." "Parallel Sailing," "Mid-
dle Latitude Sailing," "Mercator's Sailing,"
"Great Circle Sailing," "Sailing to Windward
or Plying to Windward," "Oblique and
Current Sailing, " "Specimens of Gov-
ernment Examination Papers, Etc." The dif-
ferent branches under each of these compre-
hensive titles are clearly and minutely treated,
with full explanations in simple language.
Everything is illustrated with various exam-
ples, the solutions of which are given. The
chapter on great circle sailing is particularly
full, and that on oblique and current sailing is
in itself a sufficient inducement for any one
interested to buy the book.
Another interesting book from Bancroft's is
an English work on "Handrailing Cut Square
to the Plank, without a Falling Mould." The
system explained is that discovered and taught
at the Mechanics' Institution, Liverpool, by
John Jones, staircase builder. The work con-
tains seven large plates of handrails with full
instructions for working them, as practiced by
the author in London, Liverpool and Man-
chester. The author states that having, on a
certain occasion, more than a thousand feet of
handrails to make, he studied how to get the
wreaths out with less labor and timber and
with more accuracy than cutting them out cyl-
indrically; he then discovered that any wreath
could be cut out Bquare from a plank of the
same thickness as a circle described round a
section of the handrail. All wreaths are cut
out square from the plank with square joints,
and so accurate are the bevels and joints
that the rail may be cleaned up ready for pol-
ishing before it leaves the bench. He taught
this, method at the Mechanics' Institution,
Liverpool, to staircase hands in 1847, and since
then all whom he has instructed have adopted
it to the rejection of other methods. This
work is a handsome one, well printed on good
paper.
398
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 19, 1875
P©pdL^i\ LectU^s.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
(Sixteenth Lecture Delivered before the University of
California College of Agriculture, on Wednesday, Feb-
ruary 10th, by Prof. 0. E. Bes'seV.
Transmission Of Forms.
It lias been advanced by some breeders that,
the male transmitted certain characters mainly
relating to the exterior of the animal, while the
female transmitted characters relating to the
interior. And there are many cases which
seem to admit of such a theory. The color of
the cock is usually transmitted to his offspring ;
the ram transmits his peculiarities, of horns
and fleece, and the bull the presence or ab-
sence of horns, These facts, 'for 3uehr they
seem to be* can, however, be explained equally
well in another way.
Of Prepotency.
If we cross a number of varieties, we nud
that instead of the offspring always showing a
blending of the characters of both parents, in
many oases the young animal or plant more
nearly resembles one parent than the other;
that is, one parent has transmitted more char-
acters than the other, or has transmitted them
■with more force.
Thus, when crossing the short-horn bull upon
the nalive cow, the grade offspring is more
of a short-horn in its characteristics than it is
a native. "We say, in this ease, that the short-
horn bull is prepotent, and to thiB power of
transmission we apply the term prepotency.
Now, prepotency may belong to either parent,
in fact, it may belong to both parents. The sire
may be prepotent, so far as certain charac-
ters go, but the dam may be prepotent in
other characters. Now, this prepotency tends to
give uniformity or fixedness to a race or
breed, parwin makes the observation that in
certain families the effect of the prepotency
of some ancestor is seen in some distinc-
tive character. He says, "It would appear that
in certain families some, one ancestor, and after
him others in the same family, must have had
great power in transmitting their likeness
through the male line; for we. cannot otherwise
understand how the same ' features should
be so often transmitted after marriages with
various females, as has been the case with the
Austrian emperors, and as formerly occurred
in certain Roman families with their mental
qualities. The famous bull Favorite is
believed to have had a prepotent influence
upon the short-horn race. It has always
been observed with English racers that
certain mares have generally transmitted
their own character, whilst other mares of
equally pure blood have allowed the character
of the sire to prevail. " Now, this prepotency
may come into action independently of any
supposed influence of long breeding — so that it
cannot be referred to habit, as some would have
it. Some of Darwin's examples are interesting
and instructive. In chapter fourteen of his
work on the variation of animals and plants,
he says: "The truth of the principle of prepo-
tency comes out more clearly when certain
races are crossed. The improved short-horn,
notwithstanding that the breed iB compara-
tively a modern race, are generally acknowl-
edged to possess great power in impressing
their likeness on all other breeds, and it is
chiefly in consequence of this power that they
are so highly valued. Gddine has given a
curious case of a goat-like breed of Bheep from
the Cape of Good Hope, a ram from which pro-
duced offspring hardly" to be distinguished from
himself when crossed with ewes of twelve other
breeds; but two of the half-breed ewes, when
pat to a merino ram, produced lambs closely
resembling the merino breed."
Here, in the first place, the goat-like ram was
prepotent, but his offspring, when mated with
as etrong a breed as the merinos, were not able
to transmit their characters. It is; also on re-
cord that of two races of French sheep, the ewes
of one, when crossed during successive gener-
ations with merino rams, yielded up their char-
acters far sooner than the ewes of the other.
In other words, the prepotency of the merino
rams was greater in the one case than in the
other; which necessitates this conclusion, that
prepotency is the excess of the power of trans-
mission which one parent has over the other.
It is evident that each parent tends, with a cer-
tain force, to transmit its characters, and it
will transmit them unless the force is met
by one superior to it. It is simply a matching
of force against force, the stronger force win-
ning here as elsewhere.
Referring again to the examples given by
Darwin. In South America there is a breed of
cattle called the Niata breed, with certain
marked peculiarities. "When these are crossed
with common cattle, though the Niata breed is
prepotent whether maleB or females are used,
yet the prepotency is strongest in the female
line. In making reciprocal crosses of pouter and
fantail pigeons, the pouter seems to be prepo-
tent, through both sexes, over the fantail,"
These examples will perhaps be sufficient to
show that the transmission of peculiar charac-
ter is due to some power or force in one or the
other of the parents, and not that one parent
invariably transmits certain characters and the
other certain others.
In plants, prepotency holds as fully as in
animals. "When Nicotiana pa/nicvlata, a hardy
annual species from Peru {three feet high) and
N. vincceftora, (a smaller, two -feet high, tender
perennial species, also from South America)
are crossed, the character of paniculata is al-
most completely lost in the hybrid; but if N.
quadrivalvis- (n still smaller, one and one-half
feet, North American hardy annual) be crossed
with if. vincceftora, this latter species, which
was so prepotent before, now in its turn almost
disappears under the power of N. quadrivalvis."
In this case, evidently vincceftora possesses,
more of thiB force of transmission than panicu-
lata, hence it is prepotent, but quadrivalvis, pos-;
sessing more of this force, is prepotent over'
vincceftora. It would be interesting to know
what would be the result of a cross between
paniculata and quadrivalvis. Another case in
plants shows well the prepotency one form may
have over another and how this influence may
last for a long period of lime. Mr. Darwin fer-
tilized a purple eweet pea (Lathyrus) with thp (
ipollen of the Painted Lady sweet pea. The
'greater number of hybrids almost exactly re-'
sembled the Painted Iiady variety and this re-
semblance continued in grandchildren and
great-grandchildren — though the later genera-
tions showed more and more of the purple
color of the other ancestor.
Intercrossing.
It appears to be a plan of nature, in both the :
animal and vegetablekingdom, that in fertili-
zation, the sexual cells shall come from differ-
ent organisms. The various arrangements in
orchidaceous plants are the most well-known
examples of this, but it is now known that in
many other orders of plants simpler, but
equally effective means are provided forsecur-
ing crosB-fertilization, and it is the opinion of
the best vegetable physiologists that this cross-
fertilization is the rule, and that cases of con*
tinual or habitual self-fertilization are quite
rare. In the higher animals, the individuals
are divided into two groups — in the one, the
male sexual cells are developed — in the other,
the female cells. The result of a fertilization in
such a case must always be a sort of cross —
each animal possessing its individual peculiar-
ities. In the lower forms, where both kinds of
sexual organs are found in the same individual,
it might be supposed that no such cross-fertili-
zation existed, but even here it is found that
fertilization takes place by the congress of two
of these hermaphrodite individuals — each fer-
tilizing the other.
(To be Continued.)
Mexican Mines.
A correspondent of the Chronicle, who has
just returned from Mexico, furnishes the follow-
ing interesting news from that republic:
The silver mines in the State of Sinaloa, as
well as in the adjacent States, are yielding bet-
ter now than they have done at any time since
the early days of mining on the Pacific coast of
Mexico, when the mines were worked chiefly
by European Spaniards. Many of their old
abandoned mines are being worked by Ameri-
cans, with very ' profitable results, and I confi-
dently believe that no other country offers such
abundant opportunities for profitable enter-
prises to the experienced miner who possesses
a little capital. But there1 is not mnch proba-
bility that many Californians or others will un-
dertake mining in Mexico whilst such exagger-
ated opinions prevail in this country ard else-
where regarding the danger to life and property
there. The country got a bad name frbm the
experiences of many Californians and others
during a very disturbed and disorganized state
of the country, and very naturally there is a
want of confidence in the Government and a
prejudice against the people. I allude to the
period of
The French Invasion,
When the disturbances extended even to the
mining districts. Prior to that time the local
revolutions, or "Pronunciamientos," very
rarely , extended beyond the agricultural dis-
tricts and large towns, mining not being inter-
rupted or impeded in any way. And incredible
as it may seem, the miner is as safe in his life
and property in the mining districts of the Pa-
cific coast of Mexico at the- present time as he
would be in California or the adjacent States
and Territories. Of the mines which are now
yielding profitably, there is the "Refugio," in
Lower California; the "Tajo," the " Ouatro
Senores," the "Alacran," and the "Guada-
lupe de los Reyes,s,in the State of Sinaloa; the
"Balopitis" mine in the State of Chihuahua, and
the "Promontorio" near Alamo in the State of
Sonora. The latter mine is being worked on a
large scale by an English company, and it is
said to be paying very well. Besides the large
amounts of silver bullion extracted at the com-
pany's "hacienda" they ship large quantities
of ore to England which contain both silver
and copper. Besides the mines whiph I have
named — and which are owned chiefly by the
Americans — there are many other valuable
mines owned by Mexicans; also, many of in-
ferior note, which are paying well, with good
prospects ahead. It is a significant faot that
the mills throughout the mining districts are
doing well, and that much of their gains , arise
from "custom work," which they get from
miners who are not able to ereot mills of their
own. There are now
Two Founderies and a Large Machine Shop
At Mazatlan, where mining machinery is made,
in addition to what is, ordered from' here, indi-
cating pretty clearly that there must be some
activity in mining .enterprises. Spine of the
Silver bullion is shipped direct to Europe via
Panama. The copper mines near Mulege in
Lower California are said4o be yielding profit-
ably. The shipments of merchandise from this
port to Mexican ports of the Pacific have in-
creased of late, and there is good reason to be-
lieve that there will continue to be yearly
accessions to the business. Many articles of
American manufacture (hardware espeeialjy)
.are now being used in place of those of Euror-
pean manufacture. The consumption of the
products of California is steadily increasing,
some of which are mining powder, fuse, wine,
fruit, vegetables, etc. Besides there is always
a demand for foreign goods from the bonded
warehouses of this city. Mazatlan, which is
the principal Mexican port on the Pacific coast;
has lost much of its commercial importance of
late years, as many drawbacks have occurred
to more than counterbalance the mining pros-
perity. ■ The first of these was the French in-
vasion and the consequent disorganized and
revolutionary state of the country during and
for some time subseqent to that period. Then
the completion of the railroad from Vera Cruz
to the City of Mexico, and the construction of
good wagon roads from the latter place to such
large interior towns as Durango and Guadala-
jara, causing a diversion of a large amount of
commerce from Mazatlan to the City of Mexico.
Then oame the
Removal of the Seat of Government
From Mazatlan to Culiaean, together with the
emigration of many families from MazatJan and
vicinity,. to Tepic and adjacent country after
Stevens' Patent Lamp.
the capture and execution of the celebrated and
much dreaded Indian, Lozada, who had held
despotic sway over that portion of the State of
Jalisco for some fifteen years in defiance of the
Federal government. The Mexioan govern-
ment is evidently becoming stronger of late, as
evinced by the increased strength and efficiency
of her army. This improvement may be trace-
able to the circumstance that of late years there
has been no evasion of the payment of full
duties by European importers. But if a leak
has been stopped in this direction, it is now
breaking out in another, as by all accounts a
large amount of contraband is now being car-
ried on, especially on the Atlantic coast. This
is the natural result of the unwise policy of
Mexican legislators who have offered a prem-
ium for smuggling by a ridiculously high tariff
on many articles of merchandise.
Steange Phenomena. — Mr. Braham recently
exhibited the following to the London Chem-
ical Society : He exhausted a glass receiver, and,
after allowing the air to re-enter through a
large opening until equitibrum was restored,
he closed the opening and connected the vessel
with a pressure gauge. In the course of a
minute the mercury now rose one inch. A con-
verse experiment was made by pumping air
into a glass vessel, allowing it to escape, and
then closing the opening. In a short time
there wbb an appreciable pressure again within
the vesBel. The assembled chemists offered
different modes of explanation of these phenom-
ena, proving them to be in need of investiga-
tion, to prove what was true.
A minee just in from Star City reports to the
Silver State, the Sheba mine as looking splen-
didly. The developments in this mine are now
of sufficient extent to justify the erection of
hoisting works, which will be built immediately. *
Stevens' Patent Lamp,
The accompanying out represents a new
improved library lamp, which is designed to
meet a demand for an ornamental hanging
lamp, adapted to both high and low ceilings,
which gives a full reflection of the light upon
the table or desk, and at a price that brings it
within the means of the mass of housekeepers.
This lamp can be suspended from the ceiling
to any desired hight from the table, by length-
ening or shortening the chains that connect the
frame to the yoke.
The light is reflected by a four teen-inch por-
celain shade, which is held by a ring at the
top, so that the full power of the light is thrown
upon the table , thus obviating the dark shadows
cast when supported from the bottom, as is the
case in ordinary lamps.
The fount can be taken out of the cup with-
out removing the shade. These lamps are
furnished in French bronze, verde antique,
Etruscan or extra gilt. It consumes no more
oil than an ordioary kerosene Itfmp, while" the
inventor olaims that it gives double the amount
of light. An extension spring is furnished
with the lamp when desired, by means of which
the lamp can be raised or lowered at pleasure.
The inventor is Elisha Stevens, of Cromwell,
Connecticut.
What it Wilt Amount To.
Few people have an idea, unless they have
had ocoasion to look into the matter, of the sum
to which a regular saving, however small, each
day will amount to in a term of years when in-
vested at compound interest. The following
table shows what would be the result at the
end of fifty years, by saving a certain amount
each day, and putting it at interest at the low
rate of six per cent.
Daily saving. Tho result.
One cent , $ 950 00
Ten cents 9,504 00
Twenty cents 19,008 00
Thirty centB 28,612 00
Forty cents 38,015 00
Fifty cents .' 47,520 00
Sixty centB 57,024 00
Seventy centB*.. < 66,528 00
Eighty cents 76,032 00
Ninety cents 85,537 00
One dollar 95,041 00
Five Dollars , 475,203 00
At the average rate of interest paid by our
California savings banks, these sums would be
nearly doubled. This table is worthy of careful
study. It conveys a very important lesson to
everybody, and especially to the young men of
the present age.
New Pboobss foe Telluetdjj Oees.— A. M.
Bouse is the inventor and maker of works for
the treatment of tellurium ore, just constructed,
on a small scale, at Austin Smith's Novelty
mills, in this town. It is now ready to go into
operation and. test its adaptation to the Sun-
shine ored by breaking the affinity between the
tellurium and the other metals. The process
includes crushing, roasting, pulverizing in
water, by ball mill, and amalgamation at three
different points . One hundred pounds of
quicksilver is in use constantly, and no stop-
ping for cleaning up. Canon coal is used,
costing, laid down at the mill, $9.50 per ton, by
the car load. Nerie Valle is the capital-
ist of- the concern; and the capacity of
the works being only from one to two tons per
day, no ores will be treated except those oe-
longing to him. He is an owner in the Char-
coal and Excelsior mines at Sunshine, than
which there are none better. If the process is
a success larger works will be erected, and the
public beoome sharers in the benefit. — San
Juan Bevorter.
Antiquity of Ieon.— At a recent meeting of
the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, Dr.
Fergus, the President, took occasion to refer to
the recent discoveries of archaeological records
and remains of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China
and India, and concluded by maintaining that
abundant proof existed that in the remotest
time to which inquiry extended, the inhabitants
were familiar with the use of iron and steel;
that there was not a tissue of evidence of a
stone age, still less of a bronze and iron age
following; and that it was evident the stone,
bronze and iron theory muat be sent to the
limbo of false and exploded notions.
What Becomes of Dbift Coal. — Dr. Kane,
in his arctic explorations, foundbede of lignite,
or brown coal, that were smouldering along
their edges, having evidently been fired by
spontaneous combustion; which leads to the
deduction that the coal along the lines of
anticlinal axes of the Mississippi valley coal
fields was consumed as the abrasion of the val-
leys of the Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi
commenced and the coal veins were exposed;
that these, fired by spontaneous combustion,
smouldered as the cutting down of these valleys
progressed.
M. Pkxigot, a clever French chemist, claims
to have discovered the lost art of producing the
beautiful shade of bine which is bo conspicu-
ous in many of the ancient ornaments found in
Egypt. He analyzed some of the enamel, and
then by synthetical experiments has succeeded
in ascertaining the proportion of silica, oxide
of copper, lime and soda that will produce the
marvellous compound.
June 19, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
399
UsEfUl. IfrffQ^vi^JION.
Cheap Amethysts.
There is no necessity of wearing violet colored
pieces of glass made to imitate amethyst j«w*
elry, as tiie genuine article is now quite cheap.
The large number of amethysts that have been
thrown into the market t-iuce 1872, from Brazil,
hat* caused a ($reat depreciation in their valu*.
The fi'St 1 its SL-iit to Europe brought from $500
to $600 perarroba, of thirty two pounds weight;
but as the qn intity increased the price rapidly
receded* and finally decreased to absolutely
nothing. At present no offer can be obtained
for any lots on band.
The glass imitation loses its polish very
soon, and thus shows its utter worlulessneBS,
while the real article, consisting as it does of
quartz cry- 1 its colored by manganese, is so hard
tUut it will never lose its polish.
Perhaps some of onr readers would like to
know how to recognize the genuiue from the
imitation: look at the stoue through a magnify-
ing glass, and if you see the least air bubble, it
is til&ss. No real gem of whatever kind ever
shows an air bubble. If there is no air bubble,
it may be taken as genuine. However us there
are sometimes small pieces of glass without air
bubbles, a decisive test is necessary. This
consists in the use of a piece of an old file: if
this will scratch the gem it is glass, if it does
not scratch it, it is aniftnyst, as this is harder
than steel, while glass is always softer.
Button's LtFK Saving Dee^s. — The ioventor
of the life-saving dres* recently so sucessfully
tested by Captain Paul Boyton is M. 0. S.
Merrimen, of New York City. It is of solid
vulcanized rubber made in two parts — a tunic
with hood and gloves attaohed, and pantaloons
with boots attached. The dress is secured by
a water tight joint at the waist and only the
eyes, mouth and nose areesposed. It is inflated
by means of five small tubes, which can be
reached conveniently. When the upper cham-
ber is inflated it makes a complete air pillow,
upon which the head can rest. Ihe wearer is
kept dry and comfortable. Swimming is im-
possible; but he lies easily upon his back, and
propels himself in any direciion by means of a
d mble-bladed p'ddle. A small India rubber
bag contains provisions and a few needful ar-
ticles.
UriLizmo Old Rubber.— A new industry
has just sprung up in Northboroagh, Mass.
Old rubber boots, shoes, blankets, etc., are
collected, ground up and manufactured into
cloth. In oonuectiou wi'h the above we clip the
following from the query column of the Scientific
American: A young man has lately experi-
mented on vulcanized rubber (old shoes, etc.),
and has ootained (by the action of certain re-
agents) several substances of different colors.
I send you samples of five of those colors.
What do you thing about them? Ans: May
not the colors be due to the substances put in,
and not to the bodies gotten out by the various
reagent^? For example, the brilliant yellow
color on examination proved to be chromate of
lead, which certainly does not exist in old rub-
ber shoes.
Plating with Aluminum, — According to
John A. Jeancon, of Newport, Ky.( metal sur-
faces may be plated with aluminum by the fol-
lowing process with great facility: Dissolve
any desired quantity of a salt of aluminum,
such as the sulphate, muriate, nitrate, acetate,
cyanide, etc , in distilled water, and concen-
trate the solution to 20° Baaume, (it 50" Fah-
renheit) in a suitable vessel to hold the article
to be plated. The battery to be used should
either be four p drs of Smee's zinco-platinum,
of three of Hansen's zinco-carbon, with the ele-
ments connected for intensity, and a plate of
aluminum attached to the negative wire, The
solution Bhould be slightly acidulated with its
appropriate acid, heated to 140° Fahrenheit,
and kept at that temperature during the oper-
ation. __^__^__
To Remove a Tight Findes-Ring.— In case
a finger-Ting becomes too tight to pass the joint
of the finger, the finger should be first held in
cold water to reduce any swelling or inflamma-
tion. Then wrap a rag soaked in hot water
around the ring to expand the metal, and
lastly soak the finger. A needle threaded with
stroug Biik oan then be passed between the ring
and finger, and a person holding the two ends
and pulling the silk, while sliding it around the
periphery of the ring, will remove the latter.
Another method is to pass a piece of sewing
silk under the ring, and wind the thread in
pretty close spirals and closely around the fin-
ger to the end— that below* the ring— and begin
unwinding.
Uniting Glass to Iron. — The invention of
Mr. J. Hartley, of Orm^kirk, consists in the
uuitiog glass to iron and other materials by
means of a preparation named glazune, in or-
der to render glass available for various gen-
eral useful purposes in which it has not hith-
erto been employed, by a process of supplying
it with uniform attachment to and support by
the iron and other materials to which it may be
united, and thereby reducing its liability to
fracture when subject to pressure and concus-
sion, and entirely removing its liability to con-
choidal fracture.
Aquafortis, applied to the surface of steel,
produces a black spot; on iron the metal re-
mains clean.
Foe thb Horses.— A patent has recently
been granted for a method of refreshing horses
while in harness, which oonsists in making the
bit hollow, and having perforations in it. A
rubber tube extends from one side of the bit
to the carriage, and by pressing a rnbber bag
which contains water, the driver is enabled to
refresh his horse whenever he chooses without
stopping. For saddle horses the water bag is
suspended from the horse's neck, or upon the
pommel of the saddle.
To Clean Gold Chains. — Put the chain in a
small glass bottle with warm water, a little
tooth powder and some soap. Cork the bottle
nnd shake it for a minute violently. The fric-
tion against the glass polishes the gold, and the
soap and chalk extract every partiole of dirt
and grease from the interstices of a chain of
the most intricate pattern; rinse it in clear cold
water, wipe with a towel, and the polish will
surprise you.
A gelatinous substance frequently forms in
sponges after prolonged use in water. A weak
solution of permanganate of potassa will re-
move it. The brown stain caused by the
chemical can be got rid of by soaking in very
dilute muriatic acid.
About Vinegab. — It was an observation mude
by Soheele, but the fact hap recently been pub-
lished as a new discovery, that ordinary brown
vinegar will keep bright and clear for any length
of time if heated to the boiling point for a few
minutes.
Next year will be our centennial. The
Japanese have already celebrated their 2535th
anniversary.
Qood He^ltH-
Dyspepsia Foreshadowed.
To be able to sit down to a well-spread table
and eat to one's satisfaction three times a day,
without any discomfort whatever beyond that
of hunger, with a good appetite when the next
time for eating arrives, is a blessing and a
happiness; and yet there are multitudes, ap-
parently in good health, who have not known
what it is for years to take a single meal with-
out its being fallowed in an hour or two, or
more, with torments, actual torments, enough
to make a wise man mad; torments which sub-
vert the whole character, souring the heart,
embittering the temper, destroying confidence,
and turning the sweetest affections into worm-
wood and gall. A character naturally placid
grows petulent and irritable; the loving heart
becomes estranged by groundless Buspicions;
the cheery face is changed into oppressive sad-
ness, while all that is glad and jojous and
hopeful goes out at length in th« night of mel-
ancholy, despair or suicide. Many a house
hold once happy has become a very pandemo-
nium; the huHband a tyrant, the wife a perfect
virago and an unendurable shre*.
Such are some of the influences which
a diseased stomach has on the mind, temper
and the heart. Multitudes of suicides are
oaused by dyspeptic disease. "Cross" people,
the ill-natured, those who are always growing
or complaining of something or somebody;
inveterate fault finders, upon whose face a
genial smile never prayed, whose hearts are
strangers to the humanizing influence of warm
sympathies, who have no forbearance, no al-
lowances, no consideration, no love, many such
are not thus by nature, but have been molde 1
into wretched "forms" like these by the slow
influences of insidious disease, brought on by
self indulgence and unrestraint in the matter
of eating and drinking; not deliberately always,
but generally perhaps, unconsciously, or in ig
norance. These things being so, no rational
mind can fail to feel that it is a wisdom and a
duty to guard against the causes, and watoh
vigilantly against the indications which induce
and accompany the formation of a disease
which is thus capable of subverting the whole
oharacter, and making a wreck of *happinesB
and heart and life together.
The almost universal cause of dyspeps iais
eating too often, loo fast, and too much. The
general rule should be:
1. Eat thrice a day.
2. Not an atom between meals,
3. Nothing after two o'olock, but a piece of
cold bread and butter and one cup of hot drink.
4:. Spend half an hour at least in taking each
meal.
5. Cut up all meats and hard food in pea-
sized pieces.
6. Never eat enough to cause the slightest
uncomfortable sensation afterward.
7. Never work or study hard within half an
hour of eating.
The most universal and infallible indication
that a person is becoming dyspeptic, is some
uncomfortable pensatiou cpmiug on uniformly,
sooner or later, after each meal, whether that
be in the stomach, throat or anywhere else.
The formation of wind in the stomach, indica-
ted by eructation, belchings, or otherwise, de-
monstrates that dyspepsia is fixing itself in the
system. Then there is only one course to pur-
sue, and that is infallible: eat less and leas at
each meal, until no wind is generated and no
other unoomfortable sensation is experienced
in any part of the body. No medicine ever
cured confirmed dyspepsia; eating plain food
regularly and living out of doors industriously,
will cure most cases, — HaiVs Journal.
Rest.
Multitudes of earth's toiling millions have
died while striving to make enough money to
retire from business, and in a beautiful cottage
on their own little farm to spend the remnant
of th"ir days in rest, in having nothing in par-
ticular to do. Perhaps one in a million of the
hopers does make money enough to enable him
to retire to his country Re it, and for a year or
two, while he is fixing it up to his notion, all
goes on charmingly, but when everything is
completed to his mind and he has nothing
more to take up his attention, he eats and
Blefps and lounges around for a few months
longer, falls iDto disease and dies; or if he has
unusual force of character and power of obser-
vation, he notices that both health nnd happi-
ness are passing from him, and traoing this to
the true cau«e of an inactive body and an un-
occupied mind, he resolves to "sell out" and
plunge again into the vortex of business.
Recently an old schoolmate — younger, grad-
uating in the Fame class thirty-Beven years ago
— writes that "both body and mind are worn
out; the slightest physical labor exhausts him,"
and, "any effort to think or study or even read,
so wearies the brain that life is felt as a bur-
den." He withdrew from his professional du-
ties, which he had performed in the place for
twenty-five years, with honor to himself, hav-
ing secured the love and confidence and respect
of all who knew him. He gave up his calling
for the purpose of obtaining rest, as a means
of health.
The number of families is increasing every
day, who give up housekeeping as a means of
rest from family cares, and resort to that mis-
erable and most unwise mode of life, boarding
at a hotel or in some private family, to get
more dissatisfied than ever in a few months,
meanwhile falling into bad health and bad
habits of various kinds.
All these classes of persons fail, miserably
fail in their object, because they mistake the
physiological meaning of the word "rest."
Neither body nor brain are safely, truly and
happily rested by doing nothing. The only
healthful rest, as long as our physical and
mental constitution remains as it is, is to be
busy. Men of force and industry will every-
where tell you, "It is the hardest thing in the
world to do nothing." No mortal man was
ever made to be a loafer, to be a miserable
drone. The true idea of rest is recreation, a
mailing over again, a return to our accustomed
vigor; and this is accomplished, not by allow-
ing the machine to come to a standstill, for in-
activity is rust and ruin to all mechanical con-
trivances, and death to all physiological
structures. The true object of rest is recuper-
ation, and that is best brought about as to the
b)dy, by exercising a different set of muscles;
and as to the brain by calling into requisition
a different set of organs and powers, causing
the mind to act upon new objects. A better
plan is _not to g"t into the unhealthful condi-
tions named, and they are avoidable by giving
two hours daily to 'the exercise of a different
cla?s of muscles or to the investigation and
study of objects of comparatively trivial im-
portance and of a wholly different nature. The
student should ride on horseback, or cultivate
fruit and flowers; the merchant should employ
his mind in liberal studies, in active personal
and elevating charities, while the over-taxed
and worried wife should pay a visit daily to
some prudent friend, some cheery neighbor or
snfferiog sister or child; the main idea in all
cases being to spend two or three, hours daily
in open air activities wholly drffeiine from the
ordinary business routine. — Watchman and
Reflector.
Unhealthy Foundations.
Dwellings built on solid and close founda-
tions are always unhealthy. An instance is
recorded of a locality in Illinois, where there
were three settlements within visiting distance
of each other, altogether containing about
thirty families. One fall tfvery family of the
three settlements (with one exception) was
sick with the prevailing fever of the season.
The excepted household had an upper floor to
their house (a half story) which was used for
sleeping in by all the family, consisting of
parents, three children and a workman, and
they all escaped the fever. All the rest of the
inhabitants lived in one story houses, and of
course slept and kept all the stores on one
floor. In a house with a close solid foundat
tion, we found that things would mould if lef-
standing for a few days. Preserves, placed
upon a top shelf, iu a Bhort time became
mouldy; but when placed in the second story
they all kept well. A barrel of flour was left
standing on the floor; when it was about two-
thirds used, the sponge failed to rise, and as a
consequence we lost two bakings of bread, it
not being fit to eat. The barrel and flour were
then taken out of doors and placed in the sun,
so that the air could circulate freely around and
under it, and after standing thus about'six
hours, it was replaced on the floor and set on
two strips of boards one inch thick. By this
means the flour was wholly restored and ren-
dered good to the last. I could cite many other
instances.
All receptacles for foul air under or near a
dwelling should be very closely attended to,
and so opened as to be thoroughly ventilated,
as the instances cited very fully illustrate.
QoplESpC EcQfjQ
How to Remove Spots and Stains from
Woven Fabrics.
Taking out grease and other spots from
clothes is an application of chemistry which
has a practical interest for everybody. It de-
mands a certain acquaintance with solvents
and reagents, even though we may not under-
stand the laws of chemical affinity on which
their action depends. The general principle
is the applying to the spot a substance whioh
has a stronger affinity for the matter composing
it than thin has for the cloth, and which shall
render it soluble in some liquid so that it can
be washed out. At the same time it must be
something that will not injure the texture of
the fabric or change its color. The practical
hints we shall give are condensed from a variety
of foreign sources.
The best substances for removing grease or
oil are: 1. Soap. 2. Chalk, fuller's-earth, ste-
atite or "French chalk." These should be
merely diffused through a little water to form a
thin paste, which is spread upon the spot, al-
lowed to dry, and then bru6hed out. 3. Ox-
gall and yolk of egg, which have the property
of dissolving fatty bodies without affecting per-
ceptibly the texture or colors of cloth. The
ox-gall should be purified, to prevent its green-
ish tint from degrading the brilliancy of dyed
stuffs, or the purity of whites. Thus prepared
it. is the most effective of all substances known
for removing this kind of stains, especially
for woolen cloths. It is to be diffused through
its own bulk of water, applied to the spots,
rubbed well into them with the hands till ihey
disappear, after which the stuff is to be washed
with soft water. 4. The volatile oil of turpen-
tine. This will take out only recent stains;
for which purpose it ought to be previously
purified by distillation over quicklime.
An earthy compound for removing grease
spots is made as follows: Take fuller's-earth,
free from all gritty matter; mix with half a
pound of the earth, so prepared, half a pound
of soda, as much soap, and eight yolks of eggs
well beaten up with half a pound of purified
ox-gall. The whole must be carefully triturated
upon a porphyry slab; the soda with the soap
in the same manner as colors are ground, mix-
ing in gradually the eggs and the ox-gill pre-
viously beaten together. Incorporate next the
soft earth by slow degrees, till a uniform thick
paste be formed, which Bhould be made into
balls or cakes of a convenient size, and laid
out to dry. A little of this detergent being
scraped off with a knife, made into a paste with
water, and applied to the stain, will remove it.
Tar and pik-h produce stains easily removed
by successive applications of spirits of turpen-
tine, coal tar, naphtha, and benzine. If they
are very old and hard, it is well to soften them
by lightly robbing with a pledget of wool dip-
ped in good olive oil. The softened mass will
then easily yield to the action of the other
solvents. Resins, varnishes, and sealing wax
may be removed by warming and applying
strong alcohol. Care must always be taken
that, in rubbing the material to remove the
stains, the friction shall be applied the way
of the stuff, and not indifferently backwards
and forwards.
Most fruits yield juices which, owing to the
acid they contain, permanently injure the tone
of the dye; but the greater part may be re-
moved without leaving a stain, if the spot be
rinsed in cold water iu which a few drops of
aqua ammonias have been placed, before the
spot has dried. Wine st ans on white materials
may be removed by rinsing with cold water,
applying locally a weak solution of chloride of
lime, and again rinsing in an abundance of
water. Some fruit stains yield only to soaping
with the hand, followed by fumigation with
sulphurous acid ; but the latter process is in-
admissible with certain colored stuffs. If del-
icate colors are injured by soapy or alkaline
matters, the stains must be treated with color-
less vinegar of moderate strength.
Fresh ink and the soluble salts of iron pro-
duce stains which, if allowed to dry, and espe-
cially if afterwards the material has been
washed, are difficult to extract without injury
to the ground. When fresh, guch stains yield
rapidly to a treatment with moistened cream
of tartar, aided by a little friction, if the material
or color is delicate. If the ground be white,
oxalic acid, employed in the iorm of a concen-
trated aqueous solution, will effectually re-
move fresn iron stains. Acids produce red or
other stains on the vegetable colors, except in-
digo. If the acid has not been strong enough
to destroy the material, and the stains are fresh,
the color may generally be restored by repeated
soakings in dilute liquor ammonia, applied as
locally as possible. Photographers frequently
stain their clothes with nitrate of silver. The
immediate and repeated application of a very
weak solution of cyanide of potassium (ac-
companied by thorough rinsings in clean water)
will generally remove theBe without injury to
the colors.
Cream Apple Pudding. — Take a deep tin
pudding dish and cover it with a layer of the
best pie crust. Have some good, tender apples
cut fine and spread over the paste a layer of
applee, with sufficient sugar for sweetening,
and cinnamon and nutmeg to taste; again a
layer of apples, etc., until your dish is filled,
when you pour over it a teacupf ul of oream,
add your cover and bake to a light brown.
400
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 19, 1875
.
W. E. EWEB Seniob Editoe.
DEWEY «& CO, I*Tlt>lisliers.
A. X. DEWEY, GEO. H. STRONG
W. B. EWEB, JKO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising: Sates:
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Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearing
i n extraordinary type or in particular partBof the paper
ntserted at special rates.
Sample Coprss.— Occasionally we send copies of this
paper to persons who we' believe would be benefited
by subscribing for it, or willing to assist us in extend-
ing its circulation. We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
©an Francisco;
Saturday Morning, June 19, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
8ENESAL EDITORIA1S.— Ah Improved Win-
dow Sash; Notices of Recent Patents, 393. Machin-
ery on the Comstock; San Salvador Mines; The
Fourth of July; Our Mineral Resources at the Cen-
tennial; San Francisco Enterprise, 400. Hints on
the Washoe Process; Short Lectures on Patents;
A Colorado Lake, 401. Patents and Inventions;
General News Items, 405.
ILLUSTRATIONS.— An Improved Window Sash,
393. Stevens' Patent Lamp, 398. Upper Twin
Lake, Colorado, 401.
CORRESPONDENCE. — Nevada County Mines;
Mining Industry, 394.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. — On Some Eecent
Operations In Magnetism; The Floor of the Missis-
sippi Valley; Sea Waves; Curiosities of Ebullition;
Burning Iron; Coloration of Metals; The Sun's Rays
in Water; The "Missing Links," 395.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS.— S'eel Boilers in
England; Rapid Corrosion of Iron on Railway Bridges
and Depots; Adhesion of Glue; Compression in Cast-
ing: Query, 395.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho and
Montana, 396-7.
POPULAR LECTURES.— Economy of the Vege-
table Kingdom, 398.
USEFUL INFORMATION.-Cheap AmethyBts;
Boyton's Life Saving Dress; Utilizing Old Rubber;
Plating with Aluminum; To Remove a Tight Finger-
Ring; Uniting Glass to Iron; For the Horses; To
Clean Gold Chains: About Vinegar, 399.
GOOD HEALTH. -Dyspepsia Foreshadowed; Rest;
Unhealthv Foundations, 399.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— How to Remove Spots
and Stains from Woven Fabrics; Cream Apple Pud-
ding, 399.
MINING STOCK MARKET.-Sah s at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of- Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 404.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Reported Strike, 394. Mex
ican Mines; Strange Phenomena; ' Steven's' Patent
Lamp; What it Will Amount To; New Process for
Telluride Ores; Antiquity of Iron; What Becomes of
Drift Coal, 398. Industrial Items, 405.
The Fourth of July.
If the inherited patriotism of three genera-
tions failed to remind us of the recurrence of
our national birthday, the notes of preparation
which come from every side would impress the
fact that the anniversary of Independence is at
hand. California, though yet in her youth as
a member of this confederation, which had its
christening in the last century, falls behind
none in her devotion to its principles and
reverence for the memory of its creators.
From all sections of the State we note ar-
rangements being made, and by the time this
number of the Peess is placed iu the hands of
our readers, decisive action will have been
taken by many for the proper observance of
the day. We notice by one of our exchanges
that Borne over proper correspondent is averse
to the wasting of powder and indulgence in the
postfeslvm headache. But we apprehend that
few Americans will be willing to forego the
traditional bell ringing, cannon firing, drum
beating and speech making celebration of Inde-
pendence which has always marked the day as
the brightest in our calendar.
The present year is a particularly memorable
one, marking, as it does, a century since the
first blood was shed in that struggle which an-
other twelvemonth stamped with the impress
of independent nationality, the prelude to one
of the most eventful dramas m the world's
history, '75 was to '76 the needful nursery
which gave our ancestors training for that
irrevocable plunge which was to make or mar
their fortunes.
The ninety-ninth aniversary of the inde-
pendence of the United States! What a deal
of crystalized progress, of condensed history
is contained in these words. To us they are
pregnant with much. What would they be if
they could be heard by those now hushed in
death? We can understand the meaning of the
lines which Dr. Holmes puts in the mouth of
his heroine of Bunker Hill :
'Tie like stirring living embers, when, at eighty, one
remembers
All the achings and the quakiugs of "the times that
tried men's souls;"
When I talk of Whig and Torn, when I tell the Rebel
story,
To you the words are ashes, but to me they're burning
coals.
San Salvador Mines.
In our last issue we stated in some remarks
on San Salvador mines that our informant
would give us some further details of the Loma
Larga mine. We have sinoe had a call from
Mr. Flint, who recently arrived from these
mines, and who is quite sanguine that if the
requisite capital to work the mines was forth-
coming Borne very rich properties could be
developed. The mineral districts of San
Miguel and Santa Bosa extend Over an area of
500 miles. The country is hilly and broken,
but most of the mines are accessible by wagon
roads. There are a number of old mines tv ere
which were worked by the Spaniards as deep
as could well be done without machinery.
Lately some impulse has been given to mining
and several of these mines have been opened,
which are now yielding ore of good quality.
No quartz machinery is in use however, and
only a few arrastras are running. Mines in
San Salvador cannot be renounced by foreign-
ers; they have to be either purchased or rented.
The ores are easily worked, being princi-
pally chlorides and sulphuret ores.
The Loma Larga, the principal mine there,
is fourteen leagues from the sea shore, by a
good wagon road. The nearest port is La
Union. The ores have averaged, our informant
states, from $600 to $2,500 per ton. The ores
which have been worked there in a rude way
have yielded $80 per ton in an arrastra. The
mine has been extended on the vein 500 yards.
There is plenty of water and wood sufficient
for all purposes, to which the owner has an ex-
clusive right.
The mine was formerly worked by one
Goralt, who extracted some $500,000 above
expenses. When he got down deep enough to
require machinery he sold it for $50,000. The
parties having no capital afterwards sold to
the present owner, General Gonzales, President
of San Salvador, for $56,000. Including the
purchase money, he has spent upwards of
$100,000 on the mine, getting it in order. It
was full of water and after this was removed
new timbers were put in. The long tunnel
which was intended to drain the upper part of
the mine has been put in order, cleaned out
and nearly all re-timbered, and work is still
being done on it. This tunnel only taps the
mine seventy feet from the surface, while the
deepest workings are 300 feet. Another shaft
has tapped the vein 800 yards from the old
shaft. White the mine is being put in order
about half a ton of ore a day is extracted by
being brought up on the backs of Indians, who
climb up notched timbers in a primitive way
General Gonzales has a small steam engine
and pump on the mine, and is blasting and
sinking on the new shaft. He wants some
practical mining men to take hold of the mine
with him and purchase a two-tbirds interest.
Our informant states that it is a bona fide con-
cern, and if some practical man with money
would take hold of the mine and work it
properly, he could make a considerable profit.
The vein in the Loma Larga averages three feet
four inches in width, the ore containing silver
and some gold. There are several other mines
near by with broader veins but lower grade
United States, a great part of the labor of ob-
taining a just representation of 'its mineral
wealth must be left to voluntary patriotic
effort.
Although the Smithsonian Institute is aware
of the great difficulty of obtaining the collec-
tion referred to, especially in the limited time
remaining, it confidently asks and relies on the
hearty and patriotic co-operation of mine
owners, superintendents, engineers, geologists
and all who are able to contribute to the success
of the object in view. The collection now in
the museum will be freely used for the purpose.
The expenses of transportation and exhibition
will be defrayed by the Institution, under suit-
able restrictions, and due credit will be given
in the exhibition and catalogue both to the
locality and contributor. The organization
and general direction of this work have been
confided to Professor William P. Blake, New
Haven, Conn., to whom all correspondence re-
lating to it should be addressed. Professor
Blake is so well known in mining and scientific
circles that no assurance is needed that he will
perform the work in a satisfactory and able
manner. We hope that the mine owners of
the Pacific coast will take an interest in this
matter, and an active interest. They ought to
send a collection from here which will open
the eyes of the world to our mineral resources,
of which so little is known on the other side of
the mountains. The iron and coal industries
will of course be well represented at the Cen-
tennial, and our gold and silver should be also.
Our mineral products are so varied and exten-
sive that we should get up an exhibition to do
credit to the coast, and now that the govern-
ment has taken hold of the collection of speci-
mens, etc., those interested should respond
heartily.
Machinery on the Comstock.
Any one who is interested enough to inquire
further concerning these mines can call on
John F. Flint, United States .Consul at San
Salvador, Central America, at present residing
at 331 O'Farrel street, in this city. He has
with him maps and plans of the mines show-
ing the workings, etc., and numerous samples
of the ore. To go to the mines will require an
expense of about $500, and two months' time
to go and return.
Our Mineral Resources at the Centennial.
We are happy to state that the Smithsonian
Institution intends securing as complete a col-
lection as possible to illustrate the mineral
resources of the United States and the chief
mining and metallurgical products at the
International Exhibition, to be held in Phila-
delphia in the Centennial year 1876. This col-
lection will constitute a portion of the govern-
mental display, made by the executive depart-
ments, in accordance with the executive order
of March 5th( 1875, and an act of Congress of
March 3d, 1875. A representation of the great
variety of mineral productions of the country
has not yet been systematically collected and
exhibited by the general government. Suoh a
collection, formed and arranged with skill and
discrimination, is important for the purpose
of a general view of the extent and variety of
these productions at the exhibition, and will
constitute a portion of the national museum at
the Smithsonian, where it will be permanently
arranged after the exhibition.
At each of the great international exhibitions
abroad, the respective governments caused
liberal and methodical displays of mining in-
dustry and its products to be made co-
ordinately with agriculture and its products.
These displays were not only of great direct
service to the countries making them, but ad-
vanced the knowledge of geology, mineralogy,
mining and metallurgy. In making such col-
lections, the governments of Europe had the
advantage of the aid of organized corps of
mine engineers in the service of the State. In
the absenee of such an organization in the
To give casual readers an idea of the amount
of pumping and hoisting machinery being put in
on the Comstock, we gather from the last sum-
mary of the local papers a few items relating
to it. At the Dayton mine the erection of the
new and massive pumping and hoisting ma-
chinery is being driven to completion as fast as
is consistent with the thoroughness and dura-
bility of the work. The new and powerful air
compressor on the Sierra mine, now being put
up, when onoe in operation, will be the most
powerful and complete on the line of the Com-
stook. On the Globe Consolidated a new and
powerful pump is being placed in position,
which it is confidently believed will be amply
sufficient to drain the water from the lower
levels, as soon as it is ready to start. At the
Lady Washington the heavy new pumping and
hoisting machinery is being put into working
position as fast as is expedient and consistent
with perfectly secure and substantial construc-
tion. On the Consolidated Virginia the erec-
tion of the new hoisting and pumping ma-
chinery is making rapid headway, all the men
that can be worked to any advantage being
employed on the works. The Caledonia mine
machinery for the hoisting works at the new
shaft oontinues to arriv.e almost daily, and its
erection is being pushed to completion as fast
as the nature of the work will permit. At the
Buckeye mine the boilers for the new machin-
ery are in place, and the'erection of the pump-
ing machinery is making rapid headway. On
the Utah mine the erection of the new hoist-
ing machinery is rapidly approaching comple-
tion, all the laborers and mechanics being
employed that can be "worked to advantage.
Grading on the Prospect mine for the new
hoisting works is now completed. The new
hoisting works on the Empire mine will soon
be in working position. New pumps are being
put in the Imperial-Empire mines. In the
Overman the new pumps are working splen-
didly, lifting a small river of water, and are
fast gaining on the flow, so there now appears
a fair probability of soon getting it again under
complete mastery. On the Savage the new in-
cline machinery is working splendidly. These
few items, from one issue of a looal paper
shows that the mechanics of this coast get a
pretty good share of work from this one mining
district alone.
Double Sheet. — We shall issue twenty-four
pages in the next number of the Mining
and SoiENTMro Peess, which will con-
tain the revised statutes of the United States
relating to mining. It will also contain an ex-
haustive article on lead, with very full tables
for the determination of lead ores, prepared
expressly for the Peess by Mr. Henry G.
Hanks. Extra copies of this number will be
printed and sold for the usual price— ten cents.
The revised statutes of the United States are
now printed in our mining law pamphlet, with
all the government lawa relating to mining.-
Price, 60 cents.
Tee railroad track is being rapidly laid out
from Spadra. About nine miles of road is
finished. The whole road to San Gorgonio
pass will soon be ironed and in running order.
The men are now laying about a mile of track
per day.
The Coast Beview for June contains the
proceedings of the National Board of Under-
writers and other matters important to the in-
surance classes.
The Cincinnati equatorial telescope, made in
Munich for the observatory, has arrived, and
will be placed in position this week.
San Francisco Enterprise.
The Construction of a Model Mill.
Keeping well abreast with other branches of
mechanics, the wheel-wright has made improve-
ments which entitle him to a first rank among
our progressive artisans. California wheat has
a reputation which is not confined to any section,
but maintains for itself a place in the markets
of the world. By the use of improved milling
facilities, we are able to make a flour worthy of
our wheat. The demand for flouring and grist
mills is rapidly on the increase on the Pacific
coast. To meet this demand, the firm of
Messrs. Joseph Wagner & Co., of this city,
have turned their attention, and they are now
supplying all kinds of milling machinery and
ready to furnish estimates or contract to order
anything from a sixteen-inch portable mill to
the largest class flouring mill, at their estab-
lishment, Nos. 113 and 115 Mission street,
Messrs. Wagner & Co.
Manufacture one of the best machines now in
use for extracting oats, barley and cockle from
wheat. We refer to the improved barley and
grain separator. This ingenious device is the
invention of Mr. M. O'Brien, junior member
of the firm, and has but recently been patented.
The improvement which distinguishes this
separator from all others is simple but most
effective. By means of an overflow screen
attached, the capacity is increased from forty
bushels per hour, the maximum allowed for
ordinary separators, to 150 bushels per hour.
The capacity is regulated by spouts, which can
be fixed to separate any desired number of
bushels per hour.
To give some idea of the facilities possessed
by this house for constructing mills, we might
say that a little less than two months sinoe
Messrs. Wagner & Co. contracted with Mr.
Jacob Samm to put up a mill for him on First
street, corner of Clay, Oakland. It is now
completed and ready for grinding. The build-
ing which contains the mill is forty by sixty
feet, with an addition for an engine room, and
three stories high. An examination of the
premises conveys an excellent idea of the
Model Mill.
It is fitted with the most approved'rrrachinery
throughout, has five run of stone and will turn
out 200 barrels of flour in twelve hours. The
mill, which faces on First street and the water
front, is admirably situated to receive grain and
de'iver flour either by vessel or rail, as a side
track of the C. P. E. K. runs along First
street.
The wheat after being received is taken from
the bin and subjected to a rougher to remove
the straw; then elevated, run into a suction b°g
and after being submitted to three suctions
passes into the
O'Brien Separator
Where all the barley, oats, etc., is removed:
from the separator it goes to the smut ma-
chine, one of the " Enreka " pattern, for which
Messrs. Warner & Co. are the agents on
-this coast, where it is cleaned of smut. It is
then carried to the wetting conveyer and thor-
oughly wetted. This is a phase of milling un-
known to millers of the Eastern States and is
made necessary by the peculiar dryness of the
California wheat, which requires a good degree
of moisture to fit it for grinding. It is now
elevated to the wetting bins where it is allowed
to stand from twelve to twenty-four hours.
This raises the outer and toughens the inside
coat of the berry of the grain. It is then sent
through the smutter a second time to remove
the outside coat, already loosened, leaving the
berry perfectly clean. The grain is then run
into stock hoppers over the mill stones and
ground. Ab it comes from the stones the flour
is put into the bolt cheBt where it is separated
from the bran and, middlings. The middlings
are then put through a La Croix purifier which
separates all the light bran and fuzz from them,
and the residue, whieh contains a' large amount
of the richest gluten of the wheat, is reground,
and what was formerly only an inferior grade
of flour is made by this improved process into
the best brands. The
"Excelsior" Bran Duster,
Another first class machine of the kind, for
which Messrs. Wagner & Co. are agents, then
takes charge of the bran. What is saved by
this machine is put into superfine flour. After
the flour is ground and graded it is ready for
the " Eureka " packer, a machine which will
pack for delivery 150 barrels per day.
The milling maohinery is driven by a fine
engine, manufactured by the Union iron works,
of one hundred horse-power.
We have been thus particular in noting the
process of manufacturing flour at this mill as
it is done by the most approved maohinery
worked on the most approved plan. Con-
structed as the mill has been in so short a time
and yet so admirable in all its arrangements
and perfect in all its details.it refleots a great deal
of credit upon the contractors and upon the
city whieh affords encouragement to their en-
terprise and skill.
Lead. — As we will issue a double sheet next
week, we have concluded to defer the publica-
tion of Mr. Hanks' article on lead until
then, so that it can be given entire in one issue.
The tables acocompanying it are quite exten-
sive and interesting, and the whole artiole will
be well worth preserving.
June 19, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
401
Hints on the Washoe Process.
[Continued from lut week.]
The Straining of Quicksilver, Cleaning ol Amal-
gam, and Retorting— Continued.
Even at a cherry-red heat, however, the retort
gradually gets oat of shape, and once out of
shape it soon bursts or oraoks. To preserve
the original shape as long as possible I found
it advantageous to hang (he retort on four
slings. Each of these is a semi-circular cast-
iron brace, on which the retort rests. Wrought
iron rods, so attached that they can be renewed
if burned out, are fastened to the cast iron
braces, one on each fide of each brace. These
rods pass through the brick work, and through
flat bars of iron on top, and have, above all,
loosely fitting nuts. Of the flat bars on the
top of the brick work, four pass aoross over
the retort on the top of the brick work, and
two lie likewise, one on each side, and thus
the retort is hung on four braces, attached to
one common support. If it becomes bulged at
all, the string nearest the distorted place may
be raised by means of the nnts, and in the
next heat the retort will resume its
proper shape. In this way, and by a careful
and moderate heat, I was able to make retorts
last one and a half years in constant use.
The Saving of Slimes and Subsequent Treatment.
By slimes or slums I do not mean to include
any slimes whatever from the pan-tailings. If
the ore has been properly and exhaustively
worked, there is not left in any part of the
tailings from the pans any gold or silver that
can be recovered by working these tailings,
unless they be roasted ,
or exposed to action of
air and moisture for
many years. The slimes
here spoken of have
never come in contact
with quicksilver and
have never been worked
at all; they are carried
off mechanically by the
waste water that leaves
the last tank below the
battery, and they assay,
as a rule, about sixty
per cent, as much as
the ore. Generally the
assay buttons from the
slimes are worth much
less per ounce than
from the ore, i. e., they
oontain proportionally
less gold. The per-
centage of slums varies
with the amount of
clay, and also depends
much on the quantity
of water used, and the
method of settling. In
hard ores, with care-
ful settling, the slimes
amount to two or three
per cent, of the weight
of the ore. The gold
in the Blimes is very
light and flat, the sil-
ver occurs largely in re-
fractory sulphuretg, and
also in a very finely
divided Btate, The
slimes from ore worth
$16 a ton or upward,
may be worked with
profit. In one's own
mill, working one's own
ore, it would be econom-
ical to raise to a supply
tank above the battery all the water escaping
from the tanks, and let it pass again, with the
additional water necessary, through the battery.
Thus there would be no Iobb in slimes, as none
would leave the mill. But frequently such a
change cannot be made iu an old mill. In Buch
cases it is necessary to build slime-yards out-
side the mill. I built my first one in the Bum-
mer of 1868, after studying a year on the best
way to save the slimes; and subsequently I
added others, constituting a series, in each of
which in succession all the battery water settled
before finally escaping. By means of a bull-
wheel, rope, car and railroad, the slimes were
delivered, when they were to be worked, directly
to the pans. The richest of the slimes settled
in the first yard, since none of them had ever
been in contact with quicksilver or worked in
any way, and they were kept entirely separate
from the pan-tailings. 'Working these slimes
by themselves, it is difficult to obtain over sixty
per cent, of the assay value, even when large
amounts of chemicals are used. Moreover the
loss of quicksilver is very large. But by mix-
ing ore and slimes in equal proportions more
body can be given to the pulp, and in this way
I obtained almost as high a percentage as on
ordinary ore, and saved much of the quick-
silver that would have been lost. The gain
was so decided that, not having a mine, I
bought ore to mix with the slimes.
(To bo Continued.)
Short Lectures on Patents.
No. 9— By Jso. L. Boon*, of Dewoy k Co's Mind-o ahd
BoiZNTono Pius Pttuat Agency.
Trademarks.
*«8— T-1860— X."
It would be impossible to choose a more ap-
propriate heading for a lecture on trademarks
than the one above written. Nearly every
person who »b familiar with the English alpha-
bet has read it on fences, on houses, on sign-
boards, on rooks by the roadside, on the
mountain, in the forest, and on the plain, and
many a brain has been fruitlessly puzzled in a
vain endeavor to discover its meaniDg. No
trademark was ever more effectively advertised.
Its very style indicates that there is a signifi-
cance in its meaning, and this causes it to at-
tract the attention of every person who sees it.
The proprietors of this trademark became
wealthy and thus the prediction of the trade-
mark that the proprietors had a sure thing in
18C0, ten years from the beginning of their
enterprise, was verified. Its proprietors inau-
gurated a system of advertising that has grown
to be almost universal.
A trademark may be a word, letter, figure,
symbol or character. In order to be patentable
it must not be generio of the article it is to repre-
sent; neither can it be desoriptive, but it mast
be entirely foreign to both the article and its
constituents. For instanoe, it has been de
oided that Wine Bitters cannot be held as a
trademark because the word wine is descrip-
of a patent, or certificate of registration which
has all the force and effect of a patent,
for the protection of trademarks, and the mat-
ter was taken out of the hands of the Clerks of
the United States District Courts and placed
where it ought to be, under the supervision and
control of the Commissioner of Patents.
A certificate of registration or patent is
therefore now issued to proteot trademarks, and
they are subject to examination and rejection
for proper causes the same as applications for
mechanical patents. Under the old method a
person in California could have his trademark
registered in the Clerk's Office of the District
Court in California and another person could
record the same trademark in the Clerk's Office
of any other District Court in the United States
without question or examination, and the re-
cording would literally amount to nothing. As
the law now stands a trademark can be fully
and completely protected. Many persons con-
tend that a trademark can be copyrighted and
that a copyright is all that is required for its
protection. This is entirely a wrong idea. If
a trademark is registered according to law it is
an infringement of the right of the proprietor
for any other person to use that trademark on
the cIsbs of goods for the protection of which
the patentee claims it. If it is only copyrighted
I and a person should come into possession of a
number of printed marks of the same kind, he
could not be prevented from using them in any
manner he might see fit, and he could place
them upon any articles he desired to without
infringing the rights of the oopyrightor or in
any way laying himself liable. The law has
provided a special protection for every class of
invented and original productions, and this pio-
A Colorado Lake.
Among the many beautiful views which the
photographer accompanying Prof. Hayden's
last expedition to Colorado has made it pos-
sible for us to admire is one of Upper Twin
lake in the Sawaloh range of mountains. An
ongraving on this page gives an idea of the
placid loveliness of the lake and its romantic
surroundings, as seen by the artist and trans-
ferred to paper by the aid of his camera.
The crest of the divide at the head of the
south branch of the Little Platte, says Prof.
Hayden, presents a fine view of the valley of
the Arkansas toward the West, with the grand
range of the Sawatch on the west side like a
gigantio wall, with its wilderness of peaks, up-
ward of 13,000 aod many of them 14,000 feet.
Nestled at the base of the Sawatch, at the month
of the Lake Creek gorge, are the beautiful Twin
lakes, separated from each other by a belt of
morainal deposit only about 200 yards wide,
with a small Btream flowing from one to the
other, 20 feet wide. The upper lake is one mile
in length and half a mile in width. The greatest
depth found by sounding wsb 76 feet.
To the southeast may be seen distinctly the
ranges about the San Luis valley, with Ouray
and Uncompahgre peaks rising far above all
the rest. To the east we have the South Park
full in the foreground, looking like an immense
meadow. The ridges which run aoross it in
different directions are softened down by the
distance. Pike's peak,
with the ranges of
mountains on either
side, shuts off the vision
from the broad plains
beyond; it rises so far
above the rest that it
becomes a most import-
ant landmark for a
radius of fifty or eighty
miles in every direction.
To the northeast and
west is the splendid
group of peaks of which
Mount Lincoln is the
crowning one; while to
the northwest are the
sources of the Arkansas
with the Tennessee pass
and its associated ranges
of mountains. The
Blue River range can be
seen dimly beyond.
Such are the geographi-
cal features of this re-
markable region, and I
describe them from time
to time, to convey to the
reader the fact that the
variations are kaleido-
scopic, and from every
important mountain
jjjjjg peak a fresh and equal*
ly grand view may be
obtained.
TJPPBE TWIN LAKE, COLORADO.
Theee of the Black Hills party who recently
had property destroyed by the military, have
sued the Government officers who destroyed
their property, and claim damage to the amount
of $22,000.
The P. M. S. S. Co. are to inaugurate a new
line between this city and New Zealand. The
Granada will be the first steamer to sail in the
line during the coming month.
tive of the article bitters and forms a part of a real
name which any one can use that makes a bitters
out of wine, but Excelsior Wine Bitters or I X L
Wine Bitters are subjects of legal trademark
because the words Excelsior and I X L are
neither descriptive or generio, but are entirely
foreign to the article bitters. A personal name
is not the legal subject of a trademark. Smith's
Rye Whisky could not be patented as a trade-
mark. The rule is that in order to render a
trademark patentable it must contain a word
which is coined for the intended case. The
Patent Office refused to register the phrase
"American Sardines," which the applicants in-
tended to place on cases resembling sardine
boxes but which contained another kind of fish,
because the mark was intended to deceive the
public. The name under which a patented
article was sold daring the existence of the
patent was refused registration because it had
acquired a distinctive meaning and had lost its
character as an arbitrary symbol. "When a
device becomes publio property its name must
also," and this is the case even if the name was
ooined for the purpose when it was adopted,
and might have originally been the proper sub-
ject of a patent. The law is thus strict in order
to protect the publio from deception and im-
position. Previous to 1870 there was no
speoial legal provision regulating the manner
of securing to proprietors the right to a trade-
mark, and the only formality employed was to
file a copy of the proposed trademark in the
offics of the Clerk of the United States District
Court, pay a fee of two dollars and a half and
reoeive a receipt therefor. Occasionally a per-
son who placed a higher estimate than usual
on a trademark would apply for and obtain a
mechanical patent covering it, in which case
the patent was issued "for a trademark' ' and
the fees required were the same as were re-
? mred in mechanical cases. But the law of
870, which went into effect in July of that
year, made speoial provisions for the issuance
tection is as thorough and complete in one
class as it is in another. A design patent or a
trademark patent is as effective to ward off in-
fringements of the thing patented as a me-
chanical patent is to protect the inventor in
the possession of his invention, while their cost
is less. The quality of invention required to
produce a new design or trademark is inferior
to that required to produce a new and useful
piece of mechanism or to unravel a mechanical
problem, yet it is often the case that the two
former are the most profitable to the patentee.
A trademark soon identifies itself not only
with the article upon which it is placed but
also with the proprietor. If we speak of Mr.
Brown who manufactures bitters called "The
I X L Bitters" we are apt to call him the I X L
Bitters man, especially if we are at a loss to
call his proper name at once, and when this is
the case we can safely calculate that Brown's
bitters are pretty thoroughly advertised, for
every such remark is an advertisement for him.
The best trademarks are those which most
readily attract the attention of the public, and
much ingenuity is displayed in getting up some
of our present day trademarks, especially
Borne of the burlesque designs and comic
mottoes. It matters not, however, what a trade-
mark is, whether it be a word, figure, character
or design, its persistent use upon the article it
is to represent will finally connect the one with
the other in the minds of consumers, and the
mark will become valuable as a part of -the
stock in trade of the manufacturer or propri-
etor.
A trademark remains in force for thirty
years from the date of registration, aud at the
expiration of that time it can be re-registered
for a further term of thirty years, but when
the trademark is also secured in a foreign
country its protection in thiB country will cease
simultaneously with the foreign protection,
without reference to the original term of the
grant.
Damaging Rains —
Suspension of Habvkst-
inq. — The last week has
been a bad one for the
farmers. The storms
of the 15th and 16th
have caused serious
damage throughout
the State. The ac-
counts that come from
various quarters are of remarkable uniformity.
Hay has suffered most; large quantities were
baled and stacked upon the ground, much of
which will be spoiled. The uncut grain is
beaten down and damaged to some extent and
that in stacks is in a still worse condition.
Dry feed and summer fallowed grain are also
injured. Harvesting is generally suspended
until the weather clears up; and when it is re-
sumed it will be more irksome and wasteful on
account of the lodged grain. Some crops, how-
ever, have been greatly benefited by the storms.
Hops, tobacco, potatoes and corn will, no
doubt, give a larger yield on account of these
rains. Fruit is repoited to be beaten from ihe
trees to some extent, but the damage in this
quarter will probably be slight. Much anxiety
is felt concerning the extent of the damages
from this unusual storm.
Progress at the Sutro Tunnel.
The following is the report of progress in the
Sutro tunnel, for week ending June 8, 1875:
Number of feet id tunnel, June 1 9,580
Number of feet driven during week 70
Distance in June 8, 9,660
Details of work performed are as follows,
heading being 8x10 feet:
Holes drilled 443
Holes blasted *95
Aggregate depth 2,528 feet
Average depth 6 70-100 feet
Powder consumed 1,247 Ifcs
Exploders consumed 690
Car Loads 433
Bock.— :Tough conglomerate, greenstone base
with angular pieces of trachyte.
[Signed] A. Sotbo, Gen. Supt.
Two miles of track have been laid on the
Vaca valley railroad. The work is. now sus-
pended for Jack of ties,
402
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC
PRESS.
[June 19, 1875
|Vli$cellapeotr$ (lotice&.
Tenth Industrial Exhibition of the
Mechanics' Institute,
S. r^J875-
prelhvhnary"announceivient.
The Board of Managers of the' Tenth Industrial Ex-
hibition have the pleasure of announcing that an
Industrial Exhibition will beheld, under the auspices
of the Mechanics' Institute, in the city of San Francisco,
to be opened on Tuesday, the 17th of August, 1875, at
11 a. m., and to continue open at least one month
thereafter.
In making this public announcement, the Managers
desire1 that those who intend to exhibit should send in
their applications for space as early as possible, so as
to avoid'the necessity of excluding, as has been the
case heretofore, the many desirable exhibitors who are
unusually tardy in making applications.
The1 forthcoming Industrial Exhibition will be the
tenth held under the auBpices of tijfe Mechanics' Insti-
tute, and the Managers are justing in saying that it
will undoubtedly surpass in completeness of detail
and general arrangement any heretofore held.
The last Exhibition was attended by 700,OUO visitors,
attracted hither by the fame of these Industrial Fairs,
and for the purpose of investigation, business and
pleasure.
All the available exhibiting space was applied for
several weeks before the day of opening, and the Man-
agers were compelled to deny : admission to many de-
sirable exhibits.
The Board of Managers desire particularly that the
arts, the industries and natural products of the- coun-
try should be well represented at the forthcoming ex-
hibition, and no pains will be spared to make these
classes of exhibits a special feature there.
The Exhibition will be held in the building con-
structed for that purpose'in 1874, but it will be ma-
terially enlarged and improved in many details for the
Exhibition of 1875.
The space under roof will exceed 180,000 square feet,
or about four and a half acres, exclusive of tue Horti-
cultural Garden, which will occupy 24,500 square feet
additional.
The location of the Exhibition Building, on Eighth
street, between Market and Mission streets, cannot-be
surpassed for convenience antl accessibility, and can be
approached from every part of the city by means of the
various lines of street railroads, any of which bring
visitors within two, blocks of the entrance gate.
The utmost care has been exercised in providing for
ample ventilation and light, and during the evening the
building is brilliantly illuminated by over 5,0C0 gas
lights.
The promenade avenues are broad, and 3,000 seats
are pToyideii for the comfort of visitors, for whose con-
venience there 1s1 also an excellent restaurant, under
the management of a first-class restaurateur.
Every afternoon and evening the best orchestra the
city can supply will discourse excellent musio under
the direction of an accomplished leader.
The building is always well attended by visitors, and
during the last Exhibition over 29,000 were daily ad
mitted for a number of days, and under no similar cir
cumstances can the manufacturer, the mechanic, the
inventor, producer or business man so advantageously
place himself before the people of the Pacific Coast.
Persons desiring to obtain information, or to make
application for space, should address "Managers of
Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Francisco, Califor-
nia," or make personal application as below.
It is expected that the various transportation com-
panies will convey goods intended in good faith for
exhibition, at half the usual rates.
'Exhibitors from abroad, if they have no agent or
consignee in San Francisco, can consign goods and
mark the same to the "Manager of the Tenth Indus-
trial Exhibition, 17 Post street, San Francisoo," and
they will be stored, if they arrive before the day of
opening, free of expense; but no charges or expenses
for freight or forwarding, etc., will" he paid by the
Managers.
In order to secure space, application should be made
on or before July 20th, 1875.
Blanks will be. furnished on application.
Premiums will be awarded as follows, viz: 16 gold
medals, 50 silver medals, Society Diplomas, Certificates
of Merit and Special Premiums, as the Board may deter-
mine.
Blanks for space can be obtained at the Mechanics'
Institute on application by letter or otherwise; and any
information will be given, by applying to any member
of the Board of Managers, as below:
A. S. EaIiLZDIE '.. 113 Pine street.
James C. Patrick 122 Battery street.
TTenry L. DAVIS 421 California street.
D.' E. Hates 213 Fremont street.
Aba K. Wells Mechanics' Mill.
P. B. Cornwall Cor. Spear & Harrison streets.
Chab. Elliot 516 California street,
George bFAUUDlNG 414 Clay street
Richard Savage 139 Fremont street.
W. P. Stout 604 Merchant street.
J. H. Macdonai.d 217 Spear street.
J, P. Curtis. 320 Jackson street
R. B. Woodwabd Woodward's Gardens.
James Spiers 311 Howard street.
To- the Librarian of the Mechanics* 'institute, "or to
J. H. CULVER,, Seoretary, 27 Post Btreet, San Fran-
cisco.
Rules and Regulations of the Tenth
Industrial Exhibition, Mechanics'
Institute, S. P., 1875.
1. The Pavilion will be open for the reception of
goods on Mouday, August 2d. The exhibition will be
open to the public on Tuesday, August 17th, at 11
o'clock A. M.
2. Applications for space must be made on or before
July 20th, stating character of exhibit, amount and
kind of space required — wall, table or floor. And, if
cases, state leDgth, width and bight of case. Blanks
will be furnished for this purpose, and a clerk will be
in attendance at the Library of tke Mechanics' Insti-
tute, every day from 12 to 1, and 7 to 10 p. m.
S. All persons presenting articles for exhibition
must have them registered by the Receiving Clerk, who
will give a receipt for the same, Which receipt must be
presented when the articles are withdrawn, at the close
of the Exhibition.
4. Judges will be appointed by the Board of Mana-
gers, immediately upon the opening of the Exhibition,
to examine all articles presented, in accordance with
Article III, and the Managers will award premiums on
such articles as the judgeB shall declare are worthy,
which will be delivered as soon as they can he pre-
pared. Due notice will he given of the' announcement
of premiums.
5. The mornings of each day, until 10 o'clock, will
be appropriated to the Judges, and no visitors will be
admitted during the time thus appropriated, except at
the Bpecial request of the Judges, or by permission of
the Managers.
6. Articles intended for sale may he labeled accord-
ingly, but oannot he removed, until the close of the
Exhibition, except by written permission of the Mana.
gers.
7 „ Steam power will be provided, so that maohinery
of all kinds may be. seen in actual operation, and every
facility possible will be given to exhibit working ma-,
chinery to the be*t advantage.
8. The name of every:aTfcicle must be attached by the
exhibitor to it.
9. Articles intended for exhibition, must be entered
and placed on exhibition on or before Saturday,
August 21st.
10. Perishable'articles willbe received, or maybe
removed at any time during the exhibition, with the
consent of the Managers.
11. The most effectual means will be taken, through,
the agency of the Police and otherwise, to guard and
protect the property on exhibition; and it will he the
purpose of the managers that all articles shall be re-
turned tq the owners without loss or ipjury. r Still, all
articles deposited will be at the bisk of the owners.
12. "In case of any misunderstanding, application
may be made to the Managers, who will at all times be
in attendance.
13. The Managers are desirous that artiojes should
be presented early. Those from abroad, intended for
exhibition, should be properly packed, and if not con-
signed to exhibitor's agent, must be marked, " Mana-
gers op Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Fbanoisco,
Oal." All articles thus received, arriving too early,
will be Htored free of cost to the exhibitor, and the
Managers will have them dulyplacedin proper position
for exhibition. No freight charges will be paid by the
Managers; but exhibitors are notified that arrange-
ments are being made with various transportation com-
eanies to repay freight dharges on evidence of goods
pxhibited.
Information will be furnished by addressing Man-
agebs op Tenth Industrial Exhibition, San Fban-
oiso, Cal.
LEVI, STRAUSS & CO.,
Patent Riveted
Clothing,
14 & 16 Battery St.,
Sun Francisco.
These goods are specially
adapted for the use of
FAKMEBS, HECHASrlOS,
MINEES, aDd WORKING
MEN in general. They
are manufactured of the
BeBt Material, and in a
Superior Manner. A trial
will convince everybody of
this fact.
Patented May 12. 1873.
USE NO OTHER, AND INQUIRE TOR THESE
GOODS ONLY. eow-bp
DAVID WOEBNEB,
;3&H
.in
COOPER,
No. 104 and 112 Spear St.. San Francisco.
"Wine Casks, Tanks, Tubs, Pipes, Beer Bar-
rels, etc., Manufactured at Short Notice
and LOW RATES-
LUMBER for CASKS, etc., TANKS, etc. Steamed
and Dried if required.
eow-bp.
Office of Brain Pipe Works,
S. W. CornerSac
ramento and, ,.
.Montgom-
ery Sts.,
S. P.
DRAINS
OONSTBDOTED
In any part of the
State, and
Woik "Warranted
E. T. MENOMY
Proprietor.
bp-eow-1 yr
The National Gold Medal
WAS AWARDED TO
BRADLEY & RUL0FS0N
FOR THE
BEST PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE
UNITED STATES,
AND THE
VIENNA MEDAL
FOR THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
No. 489 Montgomery Street,
eowbp San Francisco, Oal.
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SICTN PAINTERS,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
their Signs Painted at contract prices, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz:
Merchant Tailors, " Gents'Furnish'g1 Q'ds
Bootmakers. furniture Dealers,
Hatters. Jewelers,
Hotels, Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants, Etc, Etc
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
Cr. &■ m. BARNETT,
Manufacturers of Piles of every Description
Nob. 39, 41 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on. th
Pacific Coast. 18v25.1y
SANBORN & BYRNES,
Mechanics' Mills, Mission Street,
Bet. First and Fremont, San Frauciseo. Orders from
the country promptly attended to. All kinds of Rtair
Material furnished to order. Wood and Ivory Turn-
ers. Billiard Balls and Ten Pins, Fancy Newels and
BaluBters. 26v8-8m-bp
SAN FRANCISCO
Pioneer Screen Works,
Removed to 32 Fremont Street, near Market.
Wl
J. w. quick:,
Manufacturer of perforated
sheet metals of every descrip-
tion, at reduced rates. Mill
owne b u-injr Battery Screens
extensively, can contract for
larRo supplies at favorable rates.
Thixis the only establishment
on Ihe Ooast di-voUd exclusively
to the manufacture of Screens.
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emderi Geese
40 to 60 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS, GAMES ^Hl- Bfv*^ Black
HOTJDANS. ^SKEW << CAYUGA DUCKS
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to hatch after arrival on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
Lie t, address
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
J [Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
Female Complaints should be cured, bb they often
an be, by a few doses1 of Ayer's Sarsapanila.
Brass Foundry & Pump Factory.
A. J. H1MCITH, Plumberi
Sole Proprietor and Manufacturer of the
Celebrated Hudson Force Pumps, Atwood
& Bodwell Windmill Brass Pumps,
Smith's Copper-Lined Pumps,
■ Plumbers' Force Pumps-
aSP* Special attention paid to Brewers', Distillers', Beer
and Hot Liquor Pumps, an'i Wine Pumps. Particular
attention paid to AIR PUMPS, also to
DIVERS' SUBMARINE PUMPS.
Artesian 'Well Pumps Made to Order.
OS3- Brass Castings Made to Order.
No. 222 FREMONT STREET, - - SAN FRANCISCO.
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LESCHOT'S PATENT
for DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given upon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & ,CO.
Office, No. 315 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
■24v2fi-tf
;
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOR SALE OR LEASE I
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
County, 250 acres in extent. For full particulars,
Address J. L. COAN,
233 Third street,
Or call at 412 Market street,
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF SAN FRANCISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
0. W. EELLOCKJ President,
H. F. HASTINGS Nannfrer.
a. N. VAN BKUHT 0a8hier.;
BANKING HOUSE,
No. 423 California street San Francisco.
Kountze Brothers, Bankers,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
.Allow interest at the rate of Four per cent, npoi
dail7 balances of Sold and Currency.
Beceive consignments of Bold, Silver and lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Jlntito Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works,
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bush street, above Kearny SAJf FBAN CISCO
*v27tf . Q. MAHE, Director.
I)li$i|ie$$ birectory.
QILSIl H. GRAY.
J1MH3 ». OAVEH.
GrRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AMD COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
fbrniaanf Loldeadorff streets,
SAN PRANCTSOO
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street*
. \V. corner Sacramento.
;V« {instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-8m
{JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STBEL FEISTS,
| Sold by all Dealera throughout the World.
WM. BABTLlfia. HBNET KIMBALL.
BARTLINGr & KIMBALL,
UOOKBITVI>EItS,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
COG Clay street, (southwest c or. Sanaomo),
6vl2-Sm SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor In Patent Cases,
Office,- 715 Clay Street, S. P.
Refers to Dewey & Co., Patent Agents ; Judge 3.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Haight. 6v28.3m
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
For Diseases of the Throat and Lung's, such
as Coughs, Colds, Whooping, Cough, Bron-
chitis, Asthnaa and Consumption.
The few compositions,
which have won the confi-
dence of mankind and be-
come household words,
among not only one, but
many nations, must have
extraordinary virtues. Per-
haps no one ever secured! o
wide a reputation, or main-
tained it so long, as Aykc's
Chehky Peotobal It has
been known to the'publio
about forty, years, by a long
c ntinued series of marvel-
lous cures, that have won
for it a confidence in" its vir-
tues, never equalled bv any other medicine. It still
makes the most effectual cures of doughs, Colds, Con-
sumption, that can be made by medical skill. Indeed
the Cherby Peotoeal has really robbed these danger-
ous diseases of their terrors, to a great extent, and given
a feeling of immunity from their fatal effects, that is
well founded, if the remedy be taken in season. Every
family should have it in their closet for the remedy and.
prompt relief of its members. Sickness, suffering and
even life is saved by this timely protection. The pru-
dent should not neglect it, and the wise will not. Keep
it by you for the protection 'it affords by its timely use
in Budden attacks.
PBJSPABED BI
DR. J. O. AVER & CO., Lowell, Mass.,
PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL OHEMTSTS.
Sold by all Druggists and dealers in Medicine..
CRANE & BMGHAM. Wholesle Agonta,
V291y SAN FRANO:SOq, OAL.
MILL MEN.
Wanted, by a thoroughly practical mill man, a ritua-
tion as First Engineer, Foreman, or General
Manager. Is an engineer and machinist fy trade,
and has a fair knowledge of assaying, milling, etc
Apply to A. M. KRUTTSCHNITT,
North O and Mill streets, Virginia Oity, Nevada.
Brittan, Holbrook & Co.. Importers of
Stoves and Metals. Turners' Goods, Tools aod Machines;
111 and 11^ California St., f7 and 19 Davia St., San Fran-
oisooe and 173 J St., Sacramento, mr.-ly
June 19, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
403
fnipipg Machinery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MILLS,
Mad* by our Improved pro-
cess. After tnany years of
patient re&Mrca andtxptriuiLiit
we have succeeded in producing
8TEEL HHOES AND DIES fur
QUARTZ
MILLS.I
X>ie. EE to
Economy.
Will wear three times longer than any Iron Shoes.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators. Jigs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shafting, and General Mining Machinery In alt its
details, and Furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promptly filled.
MOREY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. T.
Examination solicited.
OAKES'S PATENT
Quicksilver Strainer.
Patented January 2S, 1875.
For description see Mining and Scientific Pkess,
March 6, 1675.
For Cleaning: Quicksilver Before Using it
for. Amalgamation.
Mill-men are Invited to examine the Patent Quick-
stiver Strainer at tho office of the Agents,
H. J. BOOTH & CO.,
UNION IRON WORKS, San Francisco.
frlachinery.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 Inches swing
and Bmaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for Jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
OOR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
"THE DANBURY"
DRILL CHUCK.
The Favorite Everywhere*
Send stamp for circular.
The Hull Si Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
P. S. — These Chucks are now on hand and for sale
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
MlCHl IRK BY COH.
1 Estimates given for Special Work of every
■ description. Are fully equipped with tixst-
I class Machinery ami Tools.
|The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
IRON AND STEEL
IDROP FORGING.
I Of Every Description, at Seasonable Prices.
I The Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct,
CRANK PLANERS.
I Superior Design ami Workmanship, Eitoa Heavy {1400 lb.
DOWN, ANGULAR & CROSS-FEED,
TO PLANE 123tI6rl5.
i Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Gt.
|The]
I
"DEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CRANK PEN.
iSraius Blow Heavy or Ligbt, Fast oe Slow.
! Prices Reduced Jan. 1st, 1S75.
The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills
[PATENTED MAY 2CTH, 1874.]
Price Reduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
Kan Fuamcisco, November 10th, 18T4.
To Sttpfs, of Quartz Mills and Mining Men generally:
W« take pleaitun.- in slating that owing to the rapid
Increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer — and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of hteel and at the
same time produce Shoes amd Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that vou will And them at U-ast 111 DOT
cent- cheaper than the bc*Bt iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though.
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Stkkl Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not oapable of beiDg tampered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dieb are In u>e in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Const, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron In
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents pur
pound. Tbelr advantages over Iron are cheapnesson first
cost, incroased crushing capacity, time saved In chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increase J value of amalgam (
by absente of Iron dust and chipplngs, and a saving of 3
76 per cent, in freight. It takes BO days to fill orders '
from the manufactory East. Price 10 cents per
pound shipped at Han Francisco. Terms liberal,
with ^dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Room 1, Academy Building:, S
Address all orders,
lv20-3m
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS. 4*
a &
?,
-a °r
:b
a -s
CO »
£
n ti
Ch
» "2
Examiner of Mines, Mineral A-ssayer, Etc. j. »
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth) ; §12 (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
at the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fair of 1869.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extra Heavy and Improved Patteeh8,
PUTNAM [MACHINE CO.,
Manufaotuheii.
LATHES, PLANERS, B3HING MILLS, DRILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MAOHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MAOHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F
MACHINERY.
Iron and Wood-working Machinery, Wood Planers,
Lathes, Mitre and Outting-off Saws, Iron Turning and
Screw Cutting Lathes, Pluners, Shapers and Drilling
Machines, Screw and Scroll Obucfce, from the best
makers, always on hand and for sale cheap by
NEYLAN & YOUNG,
mar27eow 18 & 20 Spear Street, S. P.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-horse power. Shafting, Pulleys, Hoist Gears,
Quartz Mills, Water Tanks, Spanifili Araatrae, Pumps and
Pipes, Hepburn and Belden Pane, and all kinds or Ma-
chinery for sale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHITELAW,
266 Brannan Btreet, 8. F.
. Highest cash prices paid ior all kinds of Machinery.
LANE & BODLEY,
John and Water Sts., Cincinnati*
Manufacturers of
PORTABLE & STATIONARY STEAM
ENGINES,
From two to two hundred Horse Power. Send for
Illustrated catalogue*
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
CATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory's Diamond
Catarrh Remedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
cents per bottle. Depot, 608 Market Btreet, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., opposite Palace Hotel. Sold by all drug-
Subscbtbebs who are troubled in getting their papers
regularly from the P. O. should be particular to men-
tion the name of the paper.
IMalltpiy api Ores.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
612 and 614 Washington Btreet, SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assavers
Obomlsts, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
froapectora, etc, to our largo and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND—
Chomical Apparatus,
Having been engaged in furnishing those supplies Bines
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast
W Our Gold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degrees of flneneHS, and val.
uable tables for computation of assays In Grains
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26-tf
JOHN TAYLOB & OO.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
These Mai him s Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they
have no equal. No effort hue been, or will be spared
to have theiii constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the tfreat number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and increasing de-
mand for them is sufficient evidence of their merits.
They are con s true ted so as to apply steam directly
into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows.
The pan being filled the motion of the mailer forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
•he apperture and between the grinding surfaces —
Thence it isth'own to the periphery into the quicksilver
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, whore it
passes down, and to the circumference as before Thus
it is constantly passing a regular flow between tho grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and tho metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made oji the .same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly In con-
tact with quicksilver, that the particles are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-monare invited to examine these pans and setters
for themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Francisc*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
81 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HtTHN,
C. A. IiTJCKHABDT,
Wining Engineers and metallurgists.
RODG-ERS, MEYER & CO..
COMMISSION MEBCHANTM,
ADV11((!E» MADE
<#»oll kind, of Orel, and particular uttentloa
PAID TO
opmisirMKNTa of saom,
iTlHm
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of MineralB, and
nee of the Blow-pipe.
HENET G. HANKS
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KITH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Brunch Mint, 8. F.)
CHEMIST,
No. All Commercial Street,
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint.
San Fbanoiboo Cal. 7v21-3m
NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER.
TRADE
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the Quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines,
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our Trade
Mark "A," notice iB given to consumers and shippers
that Quicksilver. A brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, or his duly ap-
pointed sub-agents.
J. B. RANDOL, Ktcuaag-er,
New Almaden, April 6th, 1876.
404
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June ig, 1875
Sales at S. F. Stock Exchange.
FRIDAY, A. M., JUNE 11.
IfO Andea 3?4
60 ....do b5..S$4
)0 American Flat 3&
10 Alplia 17
105 Beloher 27#®27
675 BeH A Bel 47@i7>$
120 Bullion iiii
15 Baltimore Oon 43j
10 Caledonia ...la
430 California 59®59?b
1.0 do b5..59
120 Chollar 77®?""
5 Challenge
400 Con Virginia 410
10 Confidence...
213 Crown Point
95 Dayton
50 Daney 50c
65 Gould 4 Curry... 17J4@18
190 Hale & Nor 33@37J£
10 do b 5..37,&
4>S Imperial t>'„.
225 Julia SjfcftgUu
10 Kentuck 14
150 Knickerbocker 3&@4
90 KoSSUth I.1-.;
14V Lady Wash l?i@iM
630 Mint lS®12)£c
460 Mexican IB^@18^
1500 ..do ib 6.-1834
200 New York 2%
2200 Uphir 4S^@47^
50 ..do b 5..4o;a48is
2) Overman 62@61&
20 Seg. Bocher 77SrL
215 SHill 8ifi...„
30U SierraNevad&..ll$f(°ill>£
60 Succor ,....1^@1M
35' Union ....7@634
100 Utah 6@5&
655 Woodville 2&®2^
90 Yellow Jacket, 75^
AFTRRNOON SESSION.
70 War Eagle 2^@2J*
710 Wells-Fargo 20o
TUESDAY, A. M., June 15.
....75c
50 Alps
160 Belmont
100 Condor
990 Cosmopolitan. ..4'
600 Eureka Con 1
100 Empirel I.1.
655 Gila 5?^@6
60 ..do.... ,..,'.b30..6
1305 Qoldfn Chariot.. 3^@3£f
100 Ida Ellmore Vml%
7G0 Jackson 2lA@l
250 Jeffdrson 4
22S KKOon 5!i®5
345 Leopard 1 Jtg)I2 %
210 Meadow Valley.. 6,S®<>^
50 Mansfield tl%a
90 Mahogany U^
24 Maryland 76c
25 Newark.... I
5 N Belle 28®29
336 NCarson 5c
350 Phoenix \\a-2
50 Panther 13$
50 Pauper 154
50 Prussian 3
120 Prospect 4%
120 Raymond* Ely.. ..40@38
10 Rje Patch .T&
10O Mt Patrick ,b 5..1J6
300 South Chariot... HtfOUf
400 S*:ord
[)()il S California i
10tJ Tiger 87&c
290 War Eagle 9&SH
SATURDAY, a. m., Junk 12,
10 Alpha..! 18
25 American Flat 33*
115 Belchor 28@2T?4
70 Andes <%@4
55 Best & Belcher.... *6®4iJi
Hi5 Belcbor. W4
260 Bullion -iltoUP-
10 B.i 1 Con ,.4%
730 Grown roint...30)4@30,'i
1425 California 58®59>i:
40 Chollar 79
45 Oon Virginia 396®3 ~
20 Confidence.... . 16®K.,,
1,50 Dayton 2ft @2J*
100 Daney 52J*c
3D Empire Mill 4%
7t5 Eureka Con 64%@""
235 Gould & Gurry. 17 %mi
40 Hale* Nor
70 Imperial Q>4®§%
215 Julia
4050 Jackson
10 Kniekerbock __
80 Lady Bryan 3ft@4
120 Lady Wash „..!%
970 Mexican ItiVcjItf
25 New York zfc
1585 Ophir 44}g@45
420 ..do b u.,45
220 Overman 60
140 Rook Island ~\
400 Ray A Ely 37
320 Savage 100
530 Sierra Nevada... .12M®12
15 Silver Hill 7f
450 Union 6!
100 ..do b 30
83 Utah 3®6
472 Woodville 2%®tH
60 Yellow Jacket... 76^76^
MONDAY, a. m., June 14.
20 Andes 3^
55 Am Flat 4@5
185 Alpha VIX@11%
160 Beloher 263tf®27
205 Best A Bel 46®i5)£
220 Bullion M®4-
60 Con Virginia 395@394
380 Crown Point 30>£@W
ID Chollar.....
50 Confidence.
505 California 53,%ff5S
10 Caledonia 17't
95 Dayton 2J(@2ft
50 Kmpire Mill 4^
445 Gould 4 0 17k@l79*
190 Imperial 67a®63i
220 Julia 12%>c$\Z%
7» Kentuck ..13)£
230 Kossuth l}4
10 Lady Bryan 4
70 Lady Wash 1
540 Mexican 175*@I8
300 Mint 40o
70 New York 2®17a
70 Occidental 3
1600 Ophir 4i)i@lGlA
45 Overman 60
326 Rock Island 7>£®9
260 Sierra Nevada 712
10 Beg Belcher 80(379
70 Silver Hill IHw'H
620 Union Con %%m%
300 Woodvi lie 2ft®2.70
20 Yellow Jacket,
AFTERNOON 8EB9ION.
1B0 Belmont ...
GOO Cosmopolitan 45i
880 Eureka Oon.....59®60'<
100 El Dorado S
335 Empirel IM®^
550 Uila 5^@4$
635 Golden Chariot. .3^,@3>^
150 Illinois Cen h
2175 Jackson..- 2@1%
200 Jefferson 3;tf@4
13J5 Leopard 12&(g)i3
70 MendowVal 6
125 M Belmont fiOc
600 Mansfield 20@i5c
1460 Mahogany llMinflOM
100 ....tlo b30"..ll^
100 Panther 75c
30U Phoenix 2M
50 Prussian 3
750 Prosjieot. 4k
20 Pauper 1&
255 Poo rm an 9@s<4
310 Raymond A Ely... .35(0)36
.'.00 8 Chariot JJOsUt
200 Tiger „Sr*
ittiat;;:::::^^
Andes 3>j5
Belcher 1i
Best i Belcher. . .47®46!4
Baltimore Coa. ..4?.j®4->ij
Bullion 39«@36M
do b 2U..3<®&
Bacon 5
Ohollar 80
Crown Point 30^®H
Confidence 17
Con Virginia.. ..3D0®335
Caledonia 17 Sl@W
California 58®577«
do b 10.. 58
do b5..5S
Cosmopolitan 45c
Dayton 3@2ft
Empire Mill 4%
Gould & Curry IB
Hale A Norcruss.39@38»$
Imperial 7
Justice b 30 .95
Julia I4#(ail4^
Knickerbocker 3Jj»
KoSSUth 500(2;
Lady Bryan 3%
Lady Wash JM
Mint 35@30c
Mary and 75q
Mexican 18'^ @W4
New York 2@lJk
Niagara ..^i.l
Occidental
5 Ophir 4b}m4~iX
0 ..do B&..47
5 Overman 60
B Prospect 4%
0 ....do b30..4«
D Rook Island.....9,1-.@9|{
5 S Nevada I2[a>12-}ft
D Succor 114
5 S Hill 72
5 Union 6ft@7
0 Utah 5k
J Woodville 2?£@2M
AFTEBNOON 8EHSION.
5 Am Flat 2
(l Belmont 3)s@3M
') Best & Belcner 46
a Baltimore Con 5
5 Bulliun 36
J Culifornia «;i..57,w
0 ..do b5..57i£
Oon Vitginia. ..s 3.. 3Sb,S
Chollar i'A
Crown Point 3fi>^
Eureka Oon 5S@5$jJG
Empire I IJ4
G Uhariot 3'.*4ca>3-»fi
Gila mw
Illinois Oen 6
Jackson. l-HitaH^i
Jefferson ....3ft
Julta 15@14ft
KKOon tt
Leopard 124fi"@12ft
MeadowValley 6
Mahogany 9\4®lQ)i
Mansfield I7«®l6e
Mexican 18ii:iolb!-4
Ophir 47(g>46%
fhcenii l-^itflft
Panther 1^
Poorinan 1%
Pauper \%.
Raymond & Ely..34ia>36Ji
Ryo fiitch 1ft
Rock Island 9
St Patrick.... b 5.. l-)(@2
SChariot 1>£
Wubfoot U .'„... 25o
War Eagle 2X^2
V Jacket 7d
WEDNESDAYa.m. JUNElfi
120 Am Flat 3&@4
2U0 Andes 3£{(gi3ft
30 Alpha 17(3)16)*
275 Belcher 2.(o>27>6
150 B Jt Belcher. . .AGHwW'A
100 do b 3U..47J4
615 Bullion 3I>a@36J4
100 BultimoraCon 5
..do..
,.b5..
) Chollar SlaS^Ji
J Confidence 17^16%
i Crown Point 3fl'.4(g>yo
) Con Virginia.. ,,331[i4i333
) CosmopoliUiQ 4l>(a>*2^
) California 57 ?a ijjoT-Li
S ....do b5..58
) Caledonia 17^
) Dayton 2ft
i Empire Mill 4H
i Gould A Gurry... 18^1 7->h
5 Hale A Noroross . 38 % ®39
J Imperial %U
) Julia 14H®liM
) ..do h 3. .15
9 ....do b 5. .15
I Kentuck ISft
1) Kosouth 75o
) Lady Byan 4@3ft
) Lidy Wash „ljfi
} Mexican 18>$@19
) Occidental 3^(gt3V4
) Ophir 4814^47^
j Overman 61@60^
J Prospect 4j£
1 ....do b 30..W
J Rock Island 8}i(fl*8ft
J Savage 108
S Succor lijiil'-i
) SR Island 1
) South Cal 2«
1 S Hill VA®V%
i Tyler 70c
) Union Con Wffl
I Utah 5ftwi6
) Woodville 2%(al2>i
) Wells-Fargo 2U®l5c
I Waslioe^ 2J4
loket 77
50 Yellow Jacket...
AFTERNOON SESSION.
.18
....;3'c
50 Alpha
100 Belmont
60 Bullion
745 B & Belcher 463i
25 Belcher 2?
100 Cherry Creeft 5*fi
100 Constitution 75o
115 California 58>j@58
20 Ohollar 81
115 Crown Point 30
73U Eureka Oon 54@52K
120 Empirel Il2
1535 Gila 4W®4
1900 G Chariot 3&(S3l<
100 Ida Ellmore ..7..CS
400 Illinois Cen 6@6M
300 Jefferson 3i'(q)3W
1400 Jackson 13<(sdi&
25 Julia 14
40 KKOon 5%@b%
50 — do b HO. .6
395 Leopard 13@14
100 MeadowValley 6W
1200 Mansfield ,i0@25o
235 .Mexican 19
720 Mahogany 95f@9
, 90 ....do s 10.. 9%
U50 ....do b30..9^(a)H?4
1100 ....do aW.\M$m
1M Ophir JKIM^IS
SO ..do S90..49
J 50 Phoanix 1<^
500 Prussian 3
390 Poorinan 7H@7M
360 Pauper U&g>IJ4
50 Raymond & Ely...40@3!)W
100 S Chariot.. .......rrT.ljl
100 SOord 2%
00 Webloot 40o
2?00 War Eagle 2M@2
SALES OF LAST WEEK
THURSDAY, a- m., June 10.
265 Ancles ■l(o;3-\,
25 American Flat.....3@3^
20 Alta 4
715 Best A Belcher. .46(SM7J:
20 ...do b 3D. .41
95 Beloher 27@27>i
195 Baltimore Con. ..4^421
205 Bullion 4i@42!$
640 California S8^@58M
60 Chollar ...76
210 Caledonia 17
175 Crown Point 31@S0K
15 Oon Virginia 405@404
40 Challenge 5
205 Dayton 2%®3
50 Daney Sue
260 Gould AOurry 17*
100 Hale & Norcroes.
140 Imperial
10 Justice 90
170 Julia 10
25 Kentuck 13>£@13
10 Kossuth .1)4
100 Lady Bryan 39s
IfiO Lady Wash 1%
11,50 Mexican 18H@18^
70 New York 2H@33<
2690 Ophir 49@49M
50 do b5...49J4iai-W
lflQ do b90..49>i
200 Overman 61M@62>-
10 Occidental :
430 Rock Island 7
190 Savage 100
790 Sierra Nevada... .12@11^
35 Seg Belcher 80375
95 SBill 9M«B
110 Union Oon S%m%
350 Woodville 2*f@^
15 Yellow Jacket
AFTBBNOON SESSION.
Belmont 4M<">4
Cherry Creek \H
Cosmopolitan 00c
Eureka Con 69^(ffl70
El Dorado S 1
Empire I
Golden Chariot. -3>i@3Jq
Gila 6
Ida Ellmore 25f
Illinois Cen 5&
Jackson 2@2^
K KCon 6@6}i.
Leopard .12W
Mahogany U
Mansfield 25o
Meadow Valley HJ£
Niagara 623^0
Pbcenix l?4(«5i
Prospect 4^
Poorman 8M
P.mcher \%
Ray A Ely 41@4H
Rye Pafch %mH
St Patrick \%
S Chariot 2
Tiger 75c
War Bade 2^msu
Wells-Fargo.. ,.15{gH7^e
AND THIS COMPARED.
THURSDAY.a.m., June 17.
310 Andes 3&@39f
10 Alpha 717K
123.=! BestA Belcher.. ..48@49
75 Beloher 27
10 Bullion .....39
115 Baltimore Con 43^5
170 Con Virginia 38-<i@38G
600 Cosmopolitan. ..42^@45o
610 Ohollar .80@81
1725 California 53@59
1450 Crown Point 30(3WtW
20 Ofnfidenoe 17@17j|
130 Caledonia 17H
425 Dayton 2ft@3
40 Uale A NororoBB 39
230 Gould A Curry 17<S18
100 Julia 13^14
205 Knickerbocker., 3,l^@3^
100 Kentuck ...nw?
30 Kossuth 75c
160 Lrdy Bryan 3%@3%
40 Lady Wnsh IK
4» Mexican 19J4®19^
150 Mint 3,i@37^c
7005 Marj-land 75c
200 NCarson 30c
75 Niagara 75c
190 New York 2@2'.tf
2025 uphir '. 50®.'..
95 Overman... .....61@61^
12»ii Rock Island
Snvnpe. .. .
640 Sierra Nevada.
300 Union Oon
600 Woodville
20 Yellow Jacket.
J0fi(5)UO
.I3@"13'i
.ixmx
AFTERNOON BESSION.
BestA Belcher 48M
Crown Point.... 30
California ,...57M@57W
Con Virginia 366
Kureka Con„..,46>i®.S3
Empire I ,7lJ4
Gould A Ulirryl7>j@I71(
Gila a«a4H
Illinois Con 6®6^
Jnckson 2iS
K KCon 5(35*3
Leopard 14(2)14,^
Mahogany. SigflW
H eadow Valley 65(
1 Mexican 18(5)18'*
' Opbir 4734(3)48
1 Poorman 7'^^^
1 Pauper Ii-i'tfl4
1 Rye Patch 1,^(5)1-V
1 Raymond A Ely. 43@43j£
' Rock Inland .. . .7....H
1 Sierra Nevada. 13', ;/( 13'..
t South Chariot.. I1. Hi \\
l Tiger fit^c
1 Webfoot 37J4c
Mining Stocks.
Mining stochs continue dull, although a
slight improvement is manifest. Nothing
startling, however, has occurred, either to
throw stocks up or down, for several weeks,
and the prices continue about as they have
been for some time. Fluctuations are small
and the volume of business is also small. We
have an increase in the number of dividend
paying mines this month. First comes Con-
solidated Virginia with its $10 dividend amount-
ing to $1,080,000. Then the Empire miDe, of
Gra-e Valley, pays 50 cts. per share; the Eu-
reka Consolidated, $1 per shiire; the Manhat-
tan (second dividend), $1 per share; Black
Bear Quartz (47th dividend), 50 ctf. per share;
Oneid* mining company (first dividend), 60
cts. per share; Northern Belle M. & M, com-
pany (first dividend), $1 per share.
We are sorry we cannot see our old
friends Belcher, Crown Point and Raymond &
Ely in the list, but when they will appear as
dividend paying mines again remains to be
seen. Our assessment table will show the
number of assessments lately levied, as our
stock tables will show the prices of stocks dur-
ing the week. The increased number of stock
boards does not seem by any means to have
increased the transactions in stocks, and we
imagine that but few of the brokers are at
present overcrowded with business.
New Incorporations.
The following companies have filed oertlflc&tes of
incorporation In the County Clerk's office at San Fran-
cisco:
Orizaba M. Co., June 11.— Location: Palmyra mining
district, Lyon county, Nov. Trustees— D. McDonald.
Wm. Fleming, Frank Tagliable, D. F. Elmore and Fred
Elliott. Capital, $6 000,000.
TaSABWEix G. M. Co., Juxb 11.— Location: Califor-
nia. TraeteeB— Geo. A. Treadwell, J. B. Tread well,
J, R. Blumenberg, J. P. Moore and J. J. Rev. Capital.
110,000,000.
ObobolaG. M. Co., June 11.— Location: California.
TrofeteeB— T. D. Bradford, H. 8. Tlbbey, O. J. Piatt,
George W. Tew and Newton B. ChiJds. Capital,
$5,000,000.
Foet Yubia G. Q. M. Co., June 11.— Location: El Do-
rado county, Cal. TruBteea— O. H. Gorrel, Or. H.
Chick, J. E. Blethen, O. P. Williams and Geo. E. "Ver-
non. Capital, $5,000,000.
West Point Q. M. Co., June 11. Location: Mendo-
cino county, Cal. Trustees— T. H. Hatch, 8. 0. E.
Thayer, G. J. Denney, J. M. Robertson and H. S. Tib-
bey. Capital, $2,600,000.
8ullivan 8. M. Co., June 14.— Location : Nevada.
TruBteea— E. J. Baldwin, A. K. P. Harmon, L. Harris,
S. E. Holcombe and Ohas. O. Smith. Oapital, $10,-
000,000.
Messrs. Dewet & Co., San Francisco:— Please find
enclosed post-office order, for which pleaBe send Min-
ing and Scientific Feesb. I have been a close reader
of the Press for three years, and regard it as the fore-
most mining periodical in the Union. I am glad to
notice the circulation of the Pbess is increasing here
and is highly prized by our best mining men. H. P.
Central City, Colorado.
Truoeee, Cal., July 10, 1874.
Messrs. Dewey & Co. — Gentlemen: My patent is just
received, and is entirely satisfactory. Permit me to
tender you my sincerest thanks for the care and atten-
tion, the promptness and interest you have displayed
in managing nay affaire. Gratefully yours
C F. MgGallioan
No Aoents are authorized to receive subscriptions for
thia paper a.t \»m tba.n our advertised, rates.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Frees and
other 3. F. Journals.)
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Company.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Ddinq'nt. Sale.
Secretary. Place of Business.
Belmont M Co Nye Co Nevada
fi
1 06 May 10 June 14
Jnly 6
O H Bogart
Caledonia S M Co
Washoe
12
3 00 May 10 June 12
Julyl
R Wegener
Dayton GASMOo
Wiishoe
8
1 00 June 8 July 15
419 California st
Empire Mi M Co
Washoe
IS
1 00 May 28 July 2
July 21
W E Dean
419 Oililomiaet
Eureka M A S Co
Wash-e
.S
fi June 1 July 9
Jnly 31
A O Ryce
308 California st
Florida S M Co
Washoe
a
75 .lime 16 July 20
Gnld MtGMOo Bear Valley Cal
.S
50 May 1 June 5
Julyl
J P Cavallier
513 Californiast
Huti'i 4: Hunt S 1VT Co
Ely District
II
50 May 7 June 15
JalyS
T L Kimball
409 California st
Td* Ellmore M Co
Tdaho
17
1 00 April 29
lone 4
O B HigRins
402 Montgomery st
Iowa M « 'o
Washoe
3
10 May 13
June 14
JulyT
Jacob Little Cons M Co
Washoe
1
10 May 31 June 11)
July 20
Julia GASMCo
Washoe
■a
2 00 May 12 June 15
JulyS
A Noel
419 California st
Knickerbocker M Co
Washoe
n
150 April 27 Mav 29
June 13
Steven-on's Bldg
419 California st
Kossuth M Co
Washoe
4
1 00 Juno 12 July 15
Aug 21
E F Stone
Lady Bryan M Co
washae
j
1 00 May 10 June 10
June 29
F Swift
419 California at
Leviathan M Co
Washoe
i
50 May 29 July 6
Jnly 28
F E Luty
507 Montgomery st
Mint G A S M Co
Washoe
in
20 May 12 June 16
Jnly 9
DA Jennings
401 California st
Nevada G & S M Co
Washoe
i
25 Junes Julys
Jnly 27
Joseph M'iguire
Wm & Watson
Nevada Land & M Co,
Elko Go Nev
n
20 May 14 Juno 19
Julys
NinKaraGASMOo
Washoe
i
50 Aoril 16 Mav 19
JuneS
3.i0 Pine st
Ophir SMOo
Washoe
an
2 00 May 14
June 17
JulyS
J Marks
419CnlI''ornia st
Original Unld Hill M Co
Washoe
3
50 .1 une 4 July 9
July 28
W M Hclman
401 California at
Pioche S M Co
Ely District
H
1 00 May 3 June 10
Julyl
O E Elliott
Rock Island G A S M Co
Washoe
K
1 00 Mav 19
June 21
July 12
J W Clark
418 California fit
Savage M Co
Washoe
H
5 00 April 27 May 31
Sierra Nevada S M Co
Washoe
41
1 00 May 3 June 5
Jnne 21
R Wegener
414 California st
Silver Cord M Co
Idaho
»
1 00 April 24 May 31
Silver Hill M Co
Wash ob
«
2 00 June 8 July 14
W E Dean
419 California st
South Chariot M Co
Idaho
11
75 Jnue 10 Jul v 13
F Swift
419 California st
Utah S M Co
Wa*hoe
10
2 00 June 7 July 9
July 30
W E Dean
419 California st
OTHER COMPANIES
-NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
Champion Cons M A S Co
Nevada
i
1 00 May 7 July 6
July 24
J M Bafflngtou
311 California st
Cherokee Flat Blue Gravel
M Oo Gal
Washoe
31
5 April 23
May 29
lune 10
June 19
June 29
O H Bogart
A Noel
402 Montgomery st
Chryaopolis G & S M Co
III
10 May 7 <
419 California st
Coe G M Co Grass Valley Cal
1
60 April 23
I[ay26
631 California st
Combination G & S M Co
Inyo Co Cal
n
10 April 22
May 27
June IS
D Wilder
Merchants' Ex
Cosmopolitan M Co
Washoe
i
25 June 9 July 13
JulyS
M Landers
507 Menteomery st
nherry Creek M & M Co
Nev
3
25 May 18 June 21
July IS
D F Verdenal
409 California st
Cordillera G & S M Co
Mexico
10 May 8
June 18
July 3
321 Washington st
Edith Q M Co
Gal
4
25 June 3 July 19
Aug 11
Wm Stuart
113LeidesdoriT st
El Dorado W A D G M Co
Cal
H
10 00 June 9 July 8
July 22
H F.lias
Emma Bill Cons M Co
Utah
■1
60 June 14 July .9
Aagl9
L O Fowler
302 Montgomery st
Equitable Tunnel A M Co
Utah
III
25 May 12
July 7
C S Healy
Merchants' Ex
Florence M Co Humboldt Co Cal
'2
10 M»yl5
June 10
July 7
JE Delevau
220 Montgomery st
Fresno Q M Co F
Geneva Cons S M Co
resno Oo Oal
■1
25 June 14 Julv 24
Aug 14
111 Gilifurniast
Nevada
25 May 1.1 June 14
T T Mil liken
302 Montgomery st
Gold Run M Go
Washoe
n
15 June 5
uly 12
July 30
O O Palmar
41 Market st
Golden Gate M Co
Utah
i
6 April 28
June 1
June 22
FT B Oongdon
Merchants' Ex
Idaho S MOo
Inyo Oo Oal
Idaho
i
3
10 June 4 July 3
75 May 21 June 21
July 21
July 12
Daniel Buck
331 Montgomery st
402M«ntg/iinerv at
Lady Washington M Co
Wasnoe
4
50 June 16 July 20
Aut;9
H O Kibhe
419 California st
Lako O - Quicksihor M Cc
Cal
n
10 May 10
June 18
JulyS
Slfi California st
Los Prietos M Oo
Oal
3
25 June 2 July 9
July 31
S H Smith
6 Montgomery Av
Minnie Tunnel .t M Co
Utah
i
6 April 28
lune 1
June 22
Mprohanti Ex
Mount Savage M Co
Utah
u
10 June 12 July 26
Aug 17
D F Verdenal
409 California st
North Caraon S M Go
i
25 May 12
June 16
July 7
41G California st
Northerly Five-Cent Hill M Oo Cal
i
2' May 31 July 3
July 19
J M Baffinttton
311 California et
Omega Table Mountain M Oo Cal
H
5 June 8
July 13
Daviil Wilder
Merohnnts' Ex
Orleans M Oo Grass Valley Cal
b
2 00 May 30
Inly 6
July 23
G P Thurston
815 California st
I'rleanBMOo Graa*\alley Cal
A
1 00 April 27
June 22
315nnllforniast
Pioneer Cona M Go
Jiureka Nev
J
10 May 18
une 23
July 13
O S Neal
419 California st
Red Jacket M Oo
Idnbo
1
' 60 May 21
June 25
July Is
Wm Willis
419 California st
Rooky Bar M Go
Washoe
10 «pril22
May 27
June 17
J P Cavallier
S13 Oa'ifornta st
Scorpion S M Co
Washoe
25 May 26
June 30
July 21
Jnlyfi
G R Spinney
320 California et
Silver Gcntrnl OnnsM Go
Washoe
1
5 May 10
June 15
330 Pine st
South Overman S M Co
Washee
no Co Nevada
a
11
50 May 11 June 12
25 May 21 Jnue 26
Jnne 29
July 17
D Wilder
Merchants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
Table Mountain Alpha M t
Umpire Tunnel A M Oo
70 Oal
7
111 J une 5
Jnly 18
Aug 2
L"ander T.eavitt 401 California st
Utah
evada Oo Cal
4
5 May 20
July 1
June 14
Aug 2
July 6
Wm Small
T Derby
531 California st
Uni'm Gravel M Co N
HI
1 00 May 8
320 California st
Virginia Con- MOo
Weaverville D & H M Oo
T B Wingard
Oal
fi
1 00 May 4 June 7
330 Pine st
Wm Peun Cona G A S M Oo Washoe
3
6 May 19
June 28
Jnly 20
421 Montgomery st
Wyoming G M Oo Nevada Oo Hal
n
35 May 11 June 12
June 30
JM Buffinglon
311 California at
Zucatero G M Oo Calaveras Oo Cal
3
10 April 27
June 3
June 21
L Hermann
Merchants' Ex
MEETINGS TO
BE
HELD.
Name of Co.
Location.
Secretary.
Office in S. P.
Meeting. Bate.
Alpha Oon^M Oo
"Washoe
Wm Willi9
414 California st
Jnne 21
Alps S M Co
Baltic Cons M Go
Washoe
O D Squire
Stevenson's Bldg
June 23
B Burns
W7 Mon
er-mery st
June 22
Ohry.ii'polie G A S M Oo
Called by Direotors
419 Oalif >r iasfc
Special
July 7
Florence M Co
Sco-t Sutton
220 Montgomery at
Annual
July 17
Fo'beatown t'ons MAM Co
A
V Hii'kox
Jnne 29
Imperial S M Co
wasnoe
W E Dean
419 On
ifornia st
Annual
June 14
Mahogany M Co
Idaho
Galled by Trustees
Ohas S rlealey
4n2M'int'gyst
Special
JulyJl
Mosnniio H & Q M Oo
Butte Oo Cal
Men
ha"t*' Ex
Annual
June 21
Pauper M Co
Idnho
Called bv Trustees
402 Monfjry st
Speciil
July I
Pride of Washop G & S M Co Washoe
W
n E Moody
4t2Cs
June 30
Union Cons M On
Washoe
,! M Buffington
311 GalifiirniaBt
Annual
July 17
Washington A Creole M O
Ely Dist
F D Oleary
Merchants' Ex
Annual
July 14
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Co.
Location.
Secretary.
Office in S. F.
Amount
Payable.
Belcher M. Co.
Washoe.
H.
O. Klbbe,
419 California st
300
Jan U
Black Bear Quartz
Cal
w L Oliver
25
June 17
Chariot m A M Oo
Oal
Frank Swift
4i9 California st
40
Nov 16
Washoe
01
as H Fish
401 California st
10 00
Washoe
O E Elliott
414 California st
2 00
Jan 12
Diana M On.
C. I. a-»sct.
220 G lay st.
l on
Jan . 25
Cal
D A Jennings
401 na
so
June IS
Eureka Consolidated M Co
Nev
WWTraylor
419 California st
1 00
Jnne 1
Excelsior M & M Oo
Frank Swift
419 California st
1 00
April 10
O A Sankey 3
R H Brown
11 Montgomery st
so
so
Jnne 15
Nevada
CI
a- S Neal
419 California st
I (10
Northern Belle M A M Co
W Willis
410 Oa
ifornia st
I 00
June 15
L Kanlau
D F Verdenal
Merchants' Ex
so
JuneJS
Rye f atoh M Oo
Nevada
409 California st
so
Mar 5
LEATHER.
f WHOLESALE. 1
Wednesday m., Jnne 16, 1875.
Olty Tanned Leather, $ lb 26.229
Santa Ornz Leather, %» lb 26@2B
Country Leather, IE) lb 24@2&
Stockton Leather, ^ H> 25@2o
Jodot,8Kil.. perdoz «50 00® 54il0
Jodot. 11 to 13 KU„ perdoz B8 0(1© 79 Ofl
Jodotl4tol9Kil.. perdoz 82 00@94 On
Jodot, Becond choice, 11 to IS Kil.^doz. 57 OOtai 74 0„
Oornellian, 12 to!6Ko 57 0U@ 67 0^
Oornellian Females, 12 to 13 63 00(3 67 IF
Oornellian Fomalee. 14 to-16 Kil 71 1)0® 76 5n
Simon TJllmo Females, 12 to 13, Kil 60 lrf)@ 63 i,0
Simon Ullmo Females, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00® 72 DO
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 017*75 00
Simon, 18 Kil.,* doz 61 00@ 63 HI
Simon, 20 Kil. » doz 65 00(5) 67 00
Simon. 24 Kil. V doz 72 00® 74 00
Robert Calf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00(a) 40 00
Krench Kips, 9 » 100a 115
California Kip, f doz 40 00® j p HI
French Sheep, all colors, # doz 8 00® 15 00
Eastern Oalf for Backs, $ lb 100® 126
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colors, » doz. ... 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, % doz 5 509 10 50
California Russett Sheep Linings.. 175® 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot Legs, O) pair 5 00a 5 25
Good French Calf Boot Legs, W pair 4 00® 4 75
French Calf Boot Legs, * pair 4 00® —
Harness Leather, * lb 30® 37
Fair Bridle Leather,* doz 48 MiG> 72 —
Skirting Leather, * 4 33® 37H
Welt Leather, * doz 30 00a 50 00
liuff Leather, * toot 17® ,»»
Wax Side Leather, « foot ■ 17®
Gold, Legal Tenders, Exchange, Etc.
[Corrected Weekly by Charlies S ux.no A Co.]
San Fbakoisoo, June 16, S P. H.
Legal Tenders in s. F„ 11a. m., 86M to SVA-
Gold in N. T., 116%
Gold Babs, 690. Silveb Bars, 4 and 4}tf per cent, dis-
count
Exchange onN. Y.. 34 per oen t. premium for gold; on
London bankers, 49; Commercial, 49'4; Paris, five francs
per dollar; Mexioan dollars, one and two per cent, dis-
count.
LONDON — Consols, 93 to 93}£; BondB, 102^
Qdickhilvejb in S. F-, by the flask, per lb, 65c@70o.
METALS.
[WHOLESALE.!
Wednesday m., Juno 16
, American Pig Iron,* ton (a)
Scotch Pig Iron,* ton... 46 00 ®
White Pig, * ton ®
Oregon Pig,* ton @
Refined Bar, bad assortment, *1h -— — &
Refined Bar, good assortment, *B> ®
Boiler, No. 1 to 4. @
Plate, No. 5 to 9.... @
Sheet. No. 10 to 14 @
Sheet, No. 16 to 20....K... — 5*4®
Sheet.No. 22 to 24 — 6 ®
Sheet, No. 26 to 23 — 6'£®
Horse Shoes, per keg 7 50 ®
Nail Rod — 10 @
Norway Iron.. — 9 ®
Rolled Iron — 6 ®
Other Irons for Blacksmiths, Miners, etc. ®
OOPPEB-—
Braziers' , — 3JS ®
OopperTlnM — S7J*®
O'Nlel'BPat — 37j|f
Sheathing,* fit — 40 @
Sheathing, Yellow a
Sheathing, Old Yellow ®
Composition Nails — 24 ®
Composition Bolts ' — 24 ®
Steel.— English Oast,* !b : — 20 ®
Anderson A Woods' American Cast. @
Drill @
FlstBar - 18 @
Plow Steel — 9 ®
Tin Plates.—
10x14 I O Oharooal 12 00 @
10x14 I X Oharooal 14 00®
Roofing Plate I O Charcoal 11 00 @
Banoa Tin — 30 ®
Australian — 28 la)
Zino BytheCask — — @
Zino. Sheet 7x3 ft, No 7 to I0*lb a
do do 7x3 ft, Noll to 14 ®
do do 8x4ft,No8tol0 @
do do 8x1 ft. No 11 to 10 @
Nails Assorted sizes 4 25 ®
QciciisrLVF.il, perlb — 65 @
1875.
46 00
48 00
46 00
46 00
•- 3*
- 4
- 5*
- 5*
-J
8 00
- 4X
■ 7
■ 40
- 24
-SB
= *
-22
- 10
12 50
14 50
11 50
- 32
- 30
- II
- 11
- HX
- I£i
- 12
8 70
- 20
Woodwabd'b G.MU.EN8 embraces an Aquarium, Mule-
urn. Art Gallery, CooservatorleB, Tropical Honsea,
Menagerie, Seal Fonda and Skuti i.q Rink.
Back VomjMeb of ttilB paper oafl be had (or $3 each
including TO nurafc'TD.
June 19, 1875,]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
406
Jatents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of 0. 3. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fkok Official Kb pouts fob thk Minimi and Seiu.
Tmo Press, DEWEY ft CO., PirausuKU sjtd
U. H. A<*n Foukio* Patent aokntd.]
By Special Dia patch. Dated Washington,
D. O., June 15th, 1876.
Fob Wekx Ekdlnq June 1st, 1875.*
Uachink fob Bendixo Horse Shoes. — Arthur
Barton, Nevada, Cal.
Amalgamatou.— Wm. II. Carson, Sin Jose,
Oal.
Attachmrnt fob Oookwo Stoves. — Frank
Eaoa, Mineral City, Nevada.
Endless Rope Traction Railway.— A. S. Hal-
lidie, S. P., Oal.
Fldmb Battebt.— D. F. Hawkes, Timbuotoo,
Cal.
Cutter Holder fob Metal Lathes. — J. R.
Mitchell, Haywood, Cal.
Slow Match fob Ltr.imxo Fujjes.— Adam S.
Wall, GraniteviUe, Cal.
Process fob Pbepabino Coooanot fob Domes-
tio Use. — Alex. P . Ashbourn?, Oakland,
Cal.
Tbade-uabe.
Fob Matches.— John W. Tnoker, S. F., Cal.
The pstents sre not ready for delivery by the
Patent Offioe until some 14 days After the date of Issue.
Notb.— Copies of U. S. sud Foreign Pstents furnished
by Dewey k Co., in the shortest time possible (by tel-
egraph, or otherwise} at the lowest rates. All patent
bnslness for Psclflo coast inventors transacted wltb
perfeot security and In the shortest possible time.
General News Items.
Last Sunday morning, as one of Montgom-
ery Queen's circus wagons, from which the
horses had been unhitched, was being moved
down Carson street, Virginia, by three of the
attachees, those in charge lost control and the
ponderous vehicle dashed down the steep in-
cline at a terrific rate of speed and finally
plunged into a dwelling house on I street. In
the front room a young lady named Gilmore
was in bed with her little niece. The wagon
broke through the front of the house, com-
pletely demolishing it, and severely injuring
Miss Gilmore.
Jack Cotton and Mrs. Norton, the chief and
accomplice in the Santa Barbara Co. tragedy,
passed through this city on Monday for Santa
Barbara. They were arrested at Wadsworth,
Nev., where Jack had found employment after
fleeing from the scene of his crime.
A child in Auburn, Placer Co., wasattempt-
ing to pick the inside out of a giant powder
cap with a pin, some days ago, wheu the cap
exploded, blowing off part of the thumb and
forefinger on his right hand.
Hobace B. Clafltn, John Clafiin, Daniel
Robinson, Dexter N. Force and W. H. Talcot.
merchants of New York, have given bail in
$20,000, under indictments against them for silk
smuggling.
Axtell has been transferred from Utah to
New Mexico as Governor, and the President
has appointed as his suooessor among the
Mormons George W. Emory, of Massachusetts.
Congressman- elect Wm. S. King, indicted in
connection with the Pacific Mail subsidy, was
admitted to bail on Saturday last in Washing-
ton, in the sum of $5,000.
Ida Damebons, aged 14 years, who was fish-
ing in a skiff tied to the ferry boat at Knight's
Landing, last Friday afternoon, fell overboard
and was drowned.
John P. Gardner, a prominent merchant of
Boston, suicided last week. No cause attrib-
uted. Wealth abundant — family relations
agreeable.
The State Teachers' Convention was held in
San Jose last week.
A revival is in progress in Stockton.
Agricultural Items.
The Novato ranch, in Novato valley, half
way between Petaluma and San Rafael, and
I about twenty-five miles from San Francisco, is
! offered for sale. It contains about 15,000
acres of land.
The Olympia, W, T., Farmer says: Cherries
will soon be ripe; wild strawberries are ripe
and seem to be plenty this year, but it is Baid
that plums will be rather scarce.
A bunch of oat stocks six and one half feet
long, grown this year on a ranch near Watson-
ville, was shown to the editor of the Pajaronian
the other day.
Preparations are being made for putting the
swamp lands to the south of Bakersfield, along
the Kern Island canal, in a high state of culti-
vation,
James Fulton Bold last week to Jacob
Keithly sixty-nine acres of land, half a mile
from the depot, at Fulton, for $10,000 in gold
coin.
The work of planting orange orchards was
never more vigorously prosecuted in Los
Angeles county than at the present time.
The grasshoppers are doing considerable
damage to crops at Eagleville, Modoc county.
Industrial Items.
Mb. Davis, of Salinas City, is burning a fine
brick kiln in the southern part of the town,
near his residence. The kiln is 50 feet long,
40 wide, and 14 high, and contains about 350,-
000 brick.
The Directors of the Woodland, Clear Lake
and Humboldt railruad are at work securing
the right of way for the section between Wood-
1 l ii 1 and Capay.
The town council of San Buenaventura has
granted a gas franchise to leading citizens. It
provides that works shall be erected within
18 months.
Theme is talk of establishing a wiue cellar
at Fulton. One-half the stock of $10,000 is
already taken.
The Union understands that there is some-
thing more than talk in the matter of establish-
ing woolen mills at San Diego.
The Anaheim hotel is to cost $40,000, will be
three stories high and contain eighty rooms.
THANKS "FROM THE DEPTHS OF THE HEART."
Wellington, Lorain Co., O., Aug. 24, 1874,
Dr. R. V. Piebob, Buffalo, N. Y.:
Bear 8ir— Your medicines, Golden Medical
Discovery, Dr. Sage's Catarrh Remedy, have
proved of the greatest service to me. Six
months ago no one thought that I could possi-
bly live long. I had a complication of dis-
eases,— scrofula, manifesting itself in eruptions
and great blotches on my head that made such
sores that I could not have my hair combed
without oausing me much suffering; aUo caus-
ing swollen glands, tonsils enlarged, enlarged
or "thick neck," and large and numerous
boils. I also suffered from a terrible Chronic
Catarrh, and in fact I was so diseased that life
was a burden to me. I had tried many doctors
with no benefit. I finally procured one-half
dozen bcttles of your Golden Medical Discovery
and one dozen Sage's Catarrh Remedy, and
commenced their use. At first I was badly
discouraged, but after taking four bottles of
the Disoovery I began to improve, and when I
bad taken the remaining I was well. In addi-
tion to the use of Discovery I applied a solu-
tion of Iodine to the Goitre or thick neck, as
you advise in pamphlet wrapping, aud it en-
tirely disappeared. Your Discovery is certainly
the most wonderful blood medicine ever in-
vented. I thank God and you, from the depths
of my heart, for the great good it has done
me. Very gratefully,
Mbs. L. CHAFFEE.
Most medicines which are advertised as
blood purifiers and liver medicines, contain
either mercury in some form, or potassium and
iodine variously combined. All of these agents
have strong tendency to break down the blood
corpuscles, and debilitate and otherwise per-
manently injure the human system, and should
therefore be discarded. Dr. Pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery, on the other hand, being
composed of the fluid extraots of native plants,
barks aud roots, will in no case produce injury,
its eff.cts being strengthening and curative
only. Sarsaparilla, which used to enjoy quite
a reputation as a blood purifier, is a remedy
of thirty years ago, and may well give place as
it is doing, to the more positive and valuable
vegetable alteratives which later medical inves-
tigation and discovery has brought to light.
In Scrofula or King's Evil, White Swellings,
Ulcers, Erysipelas, Swelled Neck, Goitre,
Scrofulous Inflammations, Indolent Inflamma-
tions, Mercurial affections, Old Sores, Erup-
tions of the Skin and Sore Eyes as in all other
blood diseases, Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical
Discovery has shown its great remedial powers,
curing *ho most obstinate and intractable
cases. Soldb / all dealersin medicines. — Com.
The Mining & Scientific Press.
Started in I860, Is one of the oldest weekly Journals now
Eubllshed in San Francisco. It has been conducted
y Its present proprietors for ten years, during which
period it has been repeatedly onlarged and constantly
Unproved. The active and steadfast efforts of Its pub-
lishers have gained for Its conduct an amount of practi-
cal experience greater than any other publishers have
accumulated on this coast, of a weekly Journal.
The Bum paid by us for the best editorial talent ob-
tainable for our special class Journal; for engravings,
for interesting news and correspondence, and for print-
ing a large-sized, handsome sheet, is unequalled by that
of any other American weekly wont of the Mississippi.
As a PiiAonoAii Mining. Jouhnal It has no rival on
this Continent.
It Is the only Meohanioai., and the only Soulntitic
Journal of the Pacini: States.
Miners, Assayers, Mlllinan, and Metallurgist in the
United States should take it.
Pacific Coast Mechanics, Engineers, Inventors, Manu-
facturers, Professional Men, and Progressive and
Industrial Students should patronize its columns of
fresh and valuable Information.
Mining Engineers, Superintendents, Metallurgists, Mine
Owners and Mine Workers throughout the world
should profit by Its Illustrations and descriptions
of New Machinery, Processes, Discoveries and
Record of Mining Events.
Intelligent thinkers throughout the land, in high or
humble situation, who wonld avoid literary trash
for genuine Information, should SUBSCRIBE AT
ONCE.
DEWEY A CO.,
No. 221 Sansome street, S. F
Our Agents.
Oub Feienbs can do much In aid of our paper and the
cause of practical knowledge and science, by assisting
Agents In their labors of canvassing, by lending their
influence and encouraging favors. We intend to send
none but worthy men.
J. L. Thabp— San Francisco.
B. W, Cbowell — California.
A. 0. Champion — Tulare, Fresno and Inyo Counties.
John Rostbon— California.
A. O. Knox, California.
G. W. McGbew— Santa Clara county.
Ohas. T. Bell— California, Oregon and W. T.
D. J. James — Australian Colonies.
UNITED STATES
Mineral Land Laws, Revised Statutes,
And Instructions and Forms Under the
Same.
We have Just issued a pamphlet containing the gen-
eral mineral land laws of the United States, with in-
structions of the Commissioner of the Land Office.
The contents of this pamphlet comprise all of the Gov-
ernment laws with relation to mineral lands of Inter-
est to the mining community, as follows: Mining
Statute of May 10th, 1672, with Instructions by the
Commissioner of the Land Office; Mining Statute of
July 26th, 1866; Mining Statute of July 9th, 1870
Forms required under Mining Act of May 10th, 1872, as
follows: Notice of Location; Request for Survey; Ap-
plication for Patent; Proof of Posting Notice and Dia-
gram of the Claim; Proof that Plat and Notice remained
Posted on Claim during Time of Publication; Regis-
ters' Certificate of Posting Notice for Sixty Days; Agree-
ment of Publisher; Proof of Publication; Affidavit of
$500 Improvements; Statement and Charge of Fees;
Proof of Ownership and Possession in Case of Loss or
absence of Mining Records; Affidavit of Citizenship;
Certificate that no Suit is Pending; Power of Attorney;
Protest and Adverse Claim; 'Non-Mineral Affidavit;
Proof that no Known Veins Exist in a Placer Claim,
etc. There Is also given the U. 8. Coal Land Law and
Regulations thereunder. The work comprises thirty
pages, and will be Bold, post-free, for 50 cents. It
Bhould be In the hands of every one having
any mining interests. DEWEY & CO.*
Publishers of Mining and Scientific Pbess, S. h\
N. B.— We have also added to the above publication,
the Revised Statutes of the United States, bo far as
relates to Mining Laws.
A COMPLIMENT.
Plainsbckg. Meboed Co Cal., June 22, 1871.
Dewey & Co.— Gentlemen : I herewith tender my
grateful acknowledgements for the energy, promptness
and efficiency which you have displayed In procuring
my patent.
Although you were entire strangers to me when I
first communicated with you, I soon felt satisfied yon
were gentlemen of integrity, and shall always be happy
to represent you as such. Very truly yours,
H. W. RCCKER, M. D.
SECOND EDITION— REVISED AND ENLARGED.
The Explorers', Miners' and
Metallurgists' Companion.
Comprising a Practical Exposition of the Va-
rious Departments of Exploration,
Mining, Engineering, Assaying,
and Metallurgy.
Containing 672 Pag-ea and 83 Engravings
BY J. S. PHILLIPS, M. E.,
Ot Oalifornla, a Practical Operator for Thirty-four
Years ; Explorer, and Resident in the Pacifio States
and Territories for the past Eiyi1 1 Years.
PRICE, hound In cloth, $10.50; In leather. $12. For-
warded by mall for 60c. extra, at the Mining and
Scientific Pbess Office, by
DEWEY & CO.
The Large Circulation of the Min-
inq and Scientific Pbess extends throughout
the mining districts of California, Nevada,
Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Idaho, Montana,
British Columbia and to other parts of North
and South America. Established in 1860, it
has long been the leading Mining Journal of
the Continent. Its varied and reliable con-
tents giving it a character popular with both
its reading and advertising patrons.
Oampo, San Diego Co., Cal., July 3d, 1874.
Messes. Dewex & Co.— Gentlemen; To-day I received
the patent and other papers of my animal uap, that you
so successfully worked through the patent efflce forme,
for which please accept my beBt wishes. The chances
are that I will have another application for you to
make for me before long. I am well satisfied with your
manner of doing business, and I think inventors of
this coaBt Btand in their own light when they do not
put their business into your hands.
I remain yours truly, A. M. GAS8.
Santa Olaba, CaIi., April 6th, 1875.
Messes. Dewet & Co.— Gents:— We have just received
Patent No. 1(10,635, for J. T. Watkins & Co's Mammoth
Road Grader, which was patented through your Agen-
cy. It is the neateBt and best that we have ever re-
ceived. We feel proud of it and thankful to you for the
care and attention that you have given it, and when
we have anything to do in that line of business we will
surely give you a call. Very respectfully,
J. T. Wateihs & Oo.
juipipg and Other Companies.
Names. Mo. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
I T Milliken, Trustee Tl 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 83 100 1)6 00
I T MIlllkeD, Trustee 81 100 25 no
I T Milliken, Trustee 86 100 25 00
I T Milllkeu, Trustee 88 100 25 00
I T MIlllkeD, Trustee 87 100 28 CO
I T Milllkeu, Trustee 92 2O00 800 00
I T Milllkeu, Trustee 93 1800 450 00
I T Milllkeu, Trustee 91 741 185 25
I T Milllkeu. Trustee 134 1760 487 60
I T Milllkeu. Trustee 135 4000 1000 00
I T Milllkeu. Trustee 136 6376 1343 75
Charles Camden 28 312 78 00
Charles Oamdeu 43 1250 312 60
Robert Merrill 24 1000 260 00
M W Kales, Trustee 99 600 125 00
M W Kales, Trustee 100 600 126 00
M W Kales. Trustee 101 600 125 00
M W Kales, Trustee 102 600 125 00
James T Maclean 36 760 187 60
James T Maclean 133 45 1126
HBarroilhet 32 1250 312 60
Oauillo Martin, Trustee S3 1250 312 60
Robert MeBcth 34 1250 312 60
1> M KenllelJ 36 1260 312 60
George F Gelsse 41 1260 312 60
ODO'gulllvsn Ill 250 82 60
ODO'8ulllvan 118 250 62 60
8MTboull 47 625 166 25
Jeremiah Callaghan 63 626 156 26
OB Land 64 313 78 26
JasThosBoyd 68 250 62 60
John Hahn, Trustee 126 126 3136
J B Laporte 61 166 39 00
A H Hu,therford 63 2350 687 60
George Treat, Trustee 64 1000 260 00
George Treat, Trustee 66 100 25 00
J W Phillips, Trustee 65 100 25 00
William Condon 128 125 8126
Joseph Moigg 129 125 3125
James Parsons 130 126 3125
Donald McLean 131 125 3125
Alexander Taylor 132 100 25 00
And in accordance with law, and au order ot the
Board of Directors, made on the 13th day of May,
1876, so many shares of each parcel of said stock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction, at
the office of the company, room 14, 302 Montgomery
street, San Francisco, Cal., on Wednesday the thirtieth
(30th) day of June, 1876, at the hour of 12 o'clock H.,of
Bald day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
I. T. MILLIKKN, Secretary.
Office, Boom 14, No. 802 Montgomery street, 8an
Francisco, Cal.
Nevada Land and Mining Company—
Location of principal place of business, San Francisco ,
California. Location of works, Spruce Mountain Min-
ing District, Elko County, State of Nevada.
Notice ts hereby given, tbatat a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 14th day of May, 1815, an assess-
ment (No. 17) of Two cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of the Company. Rooms b and ti. No. 302 Montgomery atree t ,
San Francieco, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on Saturday, the 19th day of Jnue, 1875, will ha
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auotion,
and unless payment is made before, will be sold on
Saturday, the 8th day of July, 1875, to pay the delinquent
assessment, together with coats of advertising ana ex*
penses of sale. By order of the Board of Directors.
WM. H. WATSON. Secretary.
Office, Rooms 5 and 6, No. 302 Montgomery street, San
F . anoisco, Oal.
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
pany. Location of principal place of business, Oity
aud County of San Francisco, State of California.
Location of works, Cherry Creek Mining District,
White Pine County, State of Nevada.
Notioe. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on accountof assessment (No. 6) levied
on the 13th day of May, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
George W Bibbens 5 300 $ 75 00
George W Bibbens 6 200 60 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 10 78 19 60
I T Milliken, Trustee 14 60 12 50
I T Milliken, Trustee 20 2079 619 75
I T Milllkeu, TruBtee 67 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 68 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee...... 69 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 70 100 26 00
Orleans Mining Company — Location of
Prinolpal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Location of works. Grass Valley Mining District, Grass
Valley, Nevada County, California.
Notioe is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said company, held on the 31st day of May,
1875, an assessment, No. 5, of two dollars per share was
levied npou the capital stock of said company, payable
immediately, in gold coin of the United State.-, of America,
to t ne Secretary, at the office of the company, room 8,
No. .115 California street. Sun Franoisco, California.
Any stock upon wbiohsaid assessment shall remaij un-
paid on the fjth day of July, 1875, will be advertised on
tbat day as delinquent, and unless payment ahull be made
before, will be sold on the 28th day of July, 1875. to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale.
GEO. P. THURSTON, Secretary.
Office— RoomS, No. 315 California street, San Francisco,
California.
Umpire Tunnel and Mining Company—
Prinolpal plaoe of business. San Francisco, California.
Location of works, Big Cottonwood District, Salt Lake
Oounty, Utah.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Directors, held on the 2Uth day of May. 1876. an assess-
ment (No. 4) of Five (5) cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately.
in United States currency, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company. No. S3 1 Galil'ori '
Oal., or to the Superintendent.
of the company. No. 5J1 California street, San Francisco,
A ny stock upon which this assessment shall remain tin-
paid on the First day of July, 1875, will be. delinquent, and
advertised for pale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the Seoond day of
August, 1875. to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 Oalifornla street, San Francisco,
California.
Virginia Consolidated Mining Company —
Location of prinolpal place of businessman Francisco,
State of California.
Notice— There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 2lBt day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. ShareB. Amount.
Edward Mohan 16 425 $42 60
EdwardMohan 192 24 2 40
Thomas Bertram .167 668 66 80
John McHenry 168 227 22 70
Catherine Fitzpatrick 65 227 22 70
John Mallon 43 100 10 00
Mrs Mary Bertram 170 454 45 40
JLOogswell 8 340 34 00
WOBradley 139 114 1140
E Ohenot, Trustee 35 6000 600 00
E Chenot, Trustee 146 454 45 40
A F Benard, Trustee 26 100 10 00
A F Benard, Trustee 26 127 12 70
A Wingard .174 100 10 00
A Wingard 175 100 10 00
John Mallon 49 100 10 00
A F Benard, Trustee 98 140 14 00
A F Benard, TruBtee 104 60 6 00
A F Benard, Trustee 142 227 22 70
John J Monntain 124 100 10 00
John J Mountain 125 100 10 00
John J Mountain 134 60 6 00
John J Mountain 35 60 6 00
JWPearson 157 10,326 1,032 60
AFBenard 188 100 10 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 21st day of April,
1875, so many Bhares of each parcel of.said Btock as
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction at the
salesroom of Maurice Dore & Co., No. 826 Pine Btreet,
San Francisco, on the 28th day of June, 1875, at the
hour of 12 o'clock, M., of said day, to pay said delin.
quent assessment thereon, together with costs of ad-
vertising and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD. Sec'y.
Office, No. 318 California street, San Francisco, Oali
fornia. (Boom No. 13.)
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
fund i§, 1855
Iron apd Machine hfo
San Francisco Boiler Works,
Will Remove about June 1st, to N. W. Oor.
Harrison and Main.)
and 126 Beale Street ..SAN FRANCISCO
B». I. CtJBBT,
late Foreman ol the Vulcan Iron Worts,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
BOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SFIBAli BOIIiEB.
SHEET IKON WORK of every description done
at the Shortest Notice.
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING: Nomptly
attended to. _; 17v25-3m
THE RISI>OTV
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED '••'"^?Simi1868,
CAPITAL ¥1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
BAN FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flonr
Mill Machinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds ol light and heavy Castings at lowest
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled.fsces, guaran-
teed'40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron,
Directors:
Joseph Moore, Jesse Holladay, O. E. McLane,
Wm. Norris, Wm. H. Taylor, J. B. Haggin,
James D. Walter.
WM.H. TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOORE... Vice-PreBident and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
21vl7-qy __^__
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
MuroMomuflB or
eTldAra ENGINE®,
Quartz* Floixr and Saw Millie,
H ,ye.* Improved Steam Pump, Brodle'a Im-
proved Crasher, Mining Pnmpi.
Amalgamators, and all kinds
of Machinery.
K. E. cornerof Tehama and Fremont streets, above How*
street, Ban Franolsoo. 8-Q7
UNION IRON WORKS,
ttacrameuto.
ROOT, NEILSON & CO.,
MAHOTAOTUIiEEB Of
STEAM ENGINES. BOIIiER8,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLEOTOR
Dunbar'aPatentSelf-AdjustinsSteam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And all kinds of Mining- Machinery.
Front Street, between N and O streets,
Sacramento Oixt.
SHEET IJEfcOlV PIPE.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to mate SHEET IBON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for any pressure, and contract te
lay the same where -wanted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizes of railroad Oar Wheels, with special
pattern s for Mining Cars . These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
fitted np with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
Wheels made in this State.
*y All kinds of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3m JOSEPH MOORE, Superintendent.
G. W. PsEacoxr.
I
W. R. ECRAET.
Marysville Foundry,
JtfAKYSVILLE, OAL.
FRESCOTT & ECrTAKT,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
Hoisting Machinery, Saw mid Grist Mill Irons, House
■ Fronts Oar Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Steam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v28-ly
T. A. MoOobmiox. Oboae Lewis. J. MoCokmiok
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON WORKS,
Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Partlcu-
ar attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 235 BEALE STREET,
Bet. Howard and Folsom Streets, SAN FRANCISCO.
PARKE & L A C Y ,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Eock Drill Comrjany.
— MANUFACTURERS OF —
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPKESSOKS-AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also, Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and Hill's Exploders for Blasting-, Put-
nam Machine Company's Tools, "Wright's Steam Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
Address
PARKE & LACY.
21v28-3m.hd 310 CALIFORNIA. STREET, S. P
, j ■'
iEiP.KiHKiH. Established I860. A.P. Bbavtoh
Pacific Iron Works,
Fibbt Street, - San Fbancisco.
Geo. "W. Eoge, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EYEKY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers, Stationary
and Marine.
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OF EVERY
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTING
MACHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
QODDARD & CO., Props.
WM. HAWKINS.
T. G. OANTRELL
[HAWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS;,
210i& 212 Beale St.
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MANUFACTDBEBa OP
Steam Engines and all kinds of Mill
and Mining Machinery.
Also manufacture and keep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B.— Jobbing and Repairing done with DiBpatch .
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FBANCISCO, CAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IROH
— A»D —
Every Variety of Shattins",
Embracing ALL SIZES of
Steamboat Shafts, Cranks, PUton and Con.
Bl nectlne Bods* Gar and Locomotive Axlei
and Frame*
— ALSO —
HAMMERED IRON
Of every description and size.
o»- Orders addressed to PACIFIC ROLLING MILL
COMPANY, P. O. box 2033, San Francisco, Oal., will re-
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fbemont Street, San Fbancisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. Houbb
Fronts, Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial Caskets, Grates and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bells,
Gipsies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all sizes, Fittings
and Cauldron KettleB in stock at Eastern' rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental FenceB in large
variety. 4v30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
No. 195 First street, opposite Allium,
SAN FRANCISCO.
ALLKumsofBraHS,Compoeition,Zinc,and Babbitt Meta.
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinds, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hinges, Ship and Steamboat Bells and
Gongs of superior tone. All klndsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
dranlic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furnished with dispatch
»S- PRICES MODERATE, -©■
J. H. WEED. V. KINOWELL.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
IIOI L E R MAKERS
AND GENERAL MACHINISTS,
Howard st., between Fremont and Beale, San Franolsoo
Golden State Iron Works.
(OO-OPEKATIVB.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIBST STREET, SAN FBANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FURNACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Having mncb experience in tbe business of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under*
standingly, parties about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Occidental Foundry,
137 and 139 First Street,
San Fhanoisoo
STEIOEB & KERR,
IRON FOUNDERS.
IRON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Fan
and Callahan Grate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Partlonlar attention paid to making Snpe-
o' Moa
rior Shoes and Dies, 20v26.8l
California Machine Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Brdlders of QUARTZ, SAW AND FLOUR MILLS
Keating-'a Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdradxio Hoist fob Stones,
And General Machinists. 25v28-Sm
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA. FOUNDRY,
LlfiHT AMD nUlTT 0A8TIMO9,
of every description, manufactured. 2«v]8ar
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt Works.
MANTTFAOTUHERS 07 ALL STABS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Beits,
13, 15 and 17 Drumm Street, Ban Franolsoo. 4v241y
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
OO-OPERATTVE,
First Street, oward and Folsom, San Francisco.
Machinery and Caating-a of all kinds.
RISDON & TOWER,
MANAGERS OF
Pacific Boiler, Sheet Iron, and
"WATER PIPE WORKS.
All Kinds of Boiler and Sheet Iron Work.
High and Low Pressure Boilers Built
and Repaired.
We refer to twenty years' experience in the above
business as a guarantee that all orders for work will be
faithfully executed.
OFFICE AND WORKS, 118 & 120 FREMONT ST.,
Bet. Mission and Howard, San Francisco, Oal.
J. N. EISDON, formerly Of Coffee & Risdon and
Rladon Iron Works.
OHA.8. TOWER, formerly .Foreman of Coffee & Bis-
don and Risdon Boiler Works.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all, sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quarts
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDT, No. 32 Fremont Street.
PARKE &, LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
HaTise the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
It an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OB
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE*
All Sizes Made and all 'Work Guaranteed
1-30 Beale Street,
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the , best la use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost
less than elsewhere.
WELLS, RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Oor. Mission & Fremont Streets,
3v28-3m-sa
A Compliment.— It is proper to say that the Mtntmo
and Scientific Pees 3 Is the best publication of its class
on the Continent, and we are glad to know that It 1b
appreciated and liberally patronized by those in whose
interests It is published. —Placer Arpiit.
June 19, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
407
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
San Francisco, Cal.
P. 0. Box 168.
SOLE AOEXT FOR THE PACIFIC
COAST FOR
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's fPatent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's Emery;Wheels
and Machinery,
Fitch burg Machine Co's
Machinists' Tools,
bturioVu
1. i'<iu l ... xbcjinov-
ing Shavings and Sawdust
from Machines.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PTJMP
Over 7,600 unsuccessful Use in the United
States.
TJBZIE KITOX &c O S IB O IR, ZLST
QUICKSILVER FURNACE.
THIS FURNAOE REDUCES OINNABAR, (ROOE OR FINE EARTH.) AND
WORKS CLOSER TO AN ASSAY
And at LESS COST per ton than any other furnace. It will work continuously Twelve to Twenty-four
months without stopping.
ISO MA TV HAS EVER, BEEN S A L I V A. T E X>
Or otherwise affected by the mercury about the furnace, either in operating it or making repairs. For ful
particulars, plans, e'e, apply at
NOS. 19 AND 21 FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
We refer any party desiring a good furnace to either of the following Mining Companies
where the furnace may be seen in successful operation :
The Manhattan Mine in Napa County.
The Bedington Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The California Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Fhcenix Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Etna Quicksilver Mining Company, Napa County.
The Ida Clayton Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Annie Belcher Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Geyser Quicksilver. Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The Oloverdale Quicksilver Mining Company, Sonoma County.
The California Borax Company (Sulphur Banks), Lake County.
The Abbott Mine, Lake County.
The Buckeye Mine, Colusa County.
The Cerro Bonito Mine, Fresno County.
KNOX & OSBOBN.
m
CEO.
,^w^^Nl9TC^f^|?
i
ITo, 4 Oar Wheel Borer,
Wc have the test and most
complete assortment of
Machinists' Tools
In the Country,
Comprising all those
used in
MACHINB, LOCOMOTIVE,
AND
R. R. Repair, Shops.
J5?~ For Photographs, PriceB and Description, etc,
address
NEW YORK STEAM ENGINE CO.,
08 Chamber* Street, New York. I»
16v28 -«ow-ly
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are Dux-able, Compact and
Cheap.
. For Full Description, Send for Circulars.
IF. OGKDIEIfcT,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
1845. The Harrison Portable Mill Machinery. 1875.
FAST CRINDINC. SMALL POWER.
Thirty Tears' Experience in this Specialty, covered by Twentv Patents.
French Burr Stone M Ills, run by hand, horse, wind, water or steam power. Flourlne mills
and Bolters, combined or separate ; Vertical and Horizontal Corn Mills, Feed Mills and
Univorsal Pulverizers — will grind all Grains and Mineral and Vegetable substances.
Send stamp for Illustrated Catalogue containing cut of each design and price-liBt.
EDW.Uln II1RR1SOIV, Manufacturer,
PVo. 1.15 Howard Ave., New Haven, Conn.
GIANT P0WDEE.
Patented May 20, 1SOS.
THE ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER* IN USE.
GIANT POWDER, NO. 1,
For hard and wet Bock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting,
OI-AJVT POWDER, ISO. S,
For medium and seamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulphur, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent. In expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
Iff" The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDSIANN, NIELSEN & CO..
v22-8ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street.
LEFFEL & MYERS
MANUFAOTUItEBS OF
T """H*1 "F* TT* TR"* T ' ^B
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBIN
WATEE WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes ,
AIbo all KindB of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. P.
B^~Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List— sent free-
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT "WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL TULFQt. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio.
Branch Offloes, Cincinnati, 0 ., Chicago, 111 .
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
fjune T9, 1875
BEWEY & CO
American and Foreign
No. SS4 Sansome St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
Patents Obtained Promptly.
Caveats Filed Expeditiously.
•Patent Beissues Taken Out.
Patents Secured in Foreign Lands.
Assignments Made and Recorded in Legal Form.
Copies of Patents and Assignments Procured.
Examinations of Patents made here and a
Washington.
Examinations made of Assignments Recorded
in Washington.
Examinations Ordered and Eeported by TELE-
GRAPH.
Interferences Prosecuted.
Opinions Bendered regarding the Validity of
Patents and Assignments.
Rejected Cases taken up and Patents Obtained
Every Legitimate Branch of Patent Agency Bus-
iness promptly and thoroughly conducted.
Send fob Clect/lab.
A Good Paper. — The Miming and SoiENnFia Pbebs
has entered itB 30th volume. It grows better as the
years roll, and is, without exception, the best paper
published for California miners and artisans. If such
papers were more generally circulated to the exclusion
of the sensation trash of the cities, the Stale would be
the gainer in wealth, morals and general intelligence.
— Tuolumne Independent.
QUICKSILVER.
UNITED STATES~PATENT OFFICE.
The Quicksilver Mining Company of New Almaden,
California— Trade-mark for Quicksilver Flasks.
Statement of trade-mark No. 1499, registered Octo-
ber 1.9 ; 1873; application filed September 29, 1873.
Specification describing a trade-mark, used by the
Quicksilver Mining Company, a company chartered by
the State of New York, and working and operating
quicksilver mines at New Almaden, Santa Clara county,
State of California, for Quicksilver Flasks.
Our trade-mark consists of the letter "A" straddling
a circle. This letter has generally been painted upon
the upper end of each flask, bottle, or jar in which the
quicksilver is contained, its usual position being such
that the opening or mouth in the upper end of the
flask, bottle 'or jar will be between the spreading angu-
lar sides of the letter, the cross-mark of the letter
passing along close to the edge of the hole.
This trade-mark we have used in our business for
ten years last past. The particular goods upon which
we have used it are quicksilver flasks, and it haa
always been applied as above described,
THE QUICKSILVER MINING COMPANY.
By J. B. Randol, Manager.
This trade-mark is also registered in the office of the
Secretary of State, Sacramento, California, and all
producers and dealers in quicksilver are cautioned not
to use the said trade-mark.
For New Almaden Quicksilver, apply to
THOMAS BELL, Sole Agent,
Over Bank of California, San Francisco.
new almade¥~~quicksilver.
TRADE A MARE,
The well known full weight and superior quality of
the quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines
having induced certain unscrupulous persons to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having our trade-
mark, "A," notice is given to consumers and shippers
that quicksilver, "A" brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, San Francisco,
or hie duly appointed sub-agents.
* J. B. RANDOL, Manager.
New Almaden, April 6,, 1875.
UNION IRON WORKS,
PBESCOTT, SCOTT & CO.,
Successors xo
H, J. BOOTH «fc CO.
The copartnership heretofore existing under the
name and style of H. J. BOOTH & CO., expired on the
8th day of June, 1875, by the withdrawal of H. J.
Booth. The business will be carried on by the under-
signed, their successors, at the same place, under the
name and style of PRESCOTT, SCOTT & CO., who
assume all liabilities of the late firm and to whom all
outstanding accounts will be paid.
GEO. W, PRESCOTT,
IRVING M. SCOTT,
HENRY T. SCOTT.
Having sold out my interest in the firm of H. J.
Booth & Co., I ask for my successors a continuance of
the liberal patronage bo long extended to the old firm.
Messrs. Prescott, Scott & Co. will pay all debts of the
late firm and collect all outstanding accounts.
H. J. BOOTH.
JOHN THOMSON.
JOHN B. PARKER.
THOMSON & PARKER,
(Vormerly with David Stoddart,)
112 Beale Street, San Francisco, Cal.,
ENGINEERS and MACHINISTS.
MAMUFA0TTJBBK8 OF
STEAM PUMPS, STEAM ENGINES,
And all kinds of IMCaoliiiiery.
REPAIRING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
Glasgow Iron and Metal Importing Co.
Have always on hand a luge Stock of
Bar and Bundle Iron, Sheet and Plate Iron
Boiler Flues, Gasand Water Pipe, Cast
Steel. Plow and Shear Steel, Anvils,
Cumberland Coal, Etc.
WM. MoORINDLE, Manager, 22 ft 24 Fremont St., S. P.
m6-m2
TO LUMBERMEN OF THE PACIFIC.
,w
w S
s
FOR A CIRCULAR TO.
MERSON FORD&f
BEAVER FALLS p±:.\
w
^VWWWVWWWWVV
We -were awarded the $100.00 Gold Prize, First Prize Silver Medal in the Great National
Sawing Contest, had at Cincinnati, September, 1874, and First Prize Silver Medal-ior the Best
Gross-Gut Saw; two First Prize Medals for the Best Sato Swage and Gross-Out Saxo Attachment'
also the First Premium in the Great Sawing Match at the Provincial Fair, in Canada, and
several First Premiums in State and County Fairs wherever any Celebrated Damascus Tem-
pered Saws have been tested. Emerson's Patent Planer Toothed Saws for General Work.
Emerson's Patent Clipper Toothed Saws for heavy feed* and our Solid Toothed Saws of all
descriptions, AT GKEATLY REDUCED PRICES, and sold UNDER FULL WARRANTEE.
We cannot afford to make a poor saw. Only seven days bypnailfrom San Francisco. Send your
address on postal card for illustrated circular and price list.
16p
EMERSON, FORD & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa.
THORNE, DerTAVEN & CO.
21st Street, above Market,
PHILADELPHIA.
DRILLING MACHINES.
PORTABLE DRILLS. .Driven by power in any
direction, self-feed and convenient adjustment.
RADIAL DRILLS. Self-feed— large adjustable
box table — separate base plate, every convenience.
VERTICAL DRILLS. Self-feeding— of new and
improved designs.
MULTIPLE DRILLS. For boiler work, etc., 2 to
20 spindles, fed and returned by power or hand,
together or separately.
HORIZONTAL BORING AND DRILLING
MACHINES. For large pieces — with boring head,
adjustable, vertically and horizontally.
SPECIAL DRILLS. For special work. Gun Blank
Drills, Coal Drills, &c, built to order.
BOOKS.
The Latest and Most Standard "Works on
ENGINEERING,
MECHANICS AND MACHINERY.
STEAM ENGINE,
CARPENTRY, MASONRY,
ARCHITECTURE,
ASSAYING
METALLURGY,
MINERALOGY,
MINING,
AGRICULTURE,
IRRIGATION and
HYDRAULICS,
FOR SALE BY
A. L. BANCROFT & CO.,
721 MARKET STREET, S. E.
Catalogues Supplied Free.
BAIRD'S
JOB PRACHCiL HEN.
Our new and enlarged Catalogue of PRACTICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS— 96 pages, 8vo.— sent free to any
one ■who will furnish his address.
HENS7 CAREY BAIRD & CO.,
Industrial Publishers and Booksellers,
16p 406 Walnut street, Philadelphia.
Knight's American Mechanical
Dictionary,
A Cyclopedia of Science, Art and Manufactures, one of
the finest aB well as most useful boobs ever published.
Nothing else -will take its place. It is the only work-
in existence which gives an adequate view of the pres^
ent advanced state of mechanical science. Full infor-
mation regarding over 20,000 separate subjects, with
above 5,000 Illustrations, costing One Hundred Thou-
sand Dollars ($100,000). It will be issued in 38 parts,
or three bound volumes. The price of each part is
50 cents, payable on delivery. Prices for each bound
volume: Cloth, $7; sheep, $8; half morocco, $9.
A GENTLEMAN OF CtOOD ADDEESS AND BUSI-
NESS ABILITY, DESIRING PROFITABLE EMPLOY-
MENT, CAN OBTAIN A GOOD AGENCY FOR THIS
WORK BY APPLYING TO
J.
jnl2-lGp
B. FORD &> CO.,
No. 839 Kearny Street, S. P.
TlmrBday Noon our last forms go to press. Com-
munications should be received a week in advance and
advertisement* as early in the week as possible.
N. W. SPATJLDING,
Saw Smithing and Repairing
ESTABLISHMENT.
Nos. 17 and 19 Fremont Street, near Market.
lasi'y. ;,-; .':;i
MANTTFACTUKEE OF
SPATJliDING'S
Patent Tooth Circular Saws.
They have proved to be the most du able and economi-
cal Saws in the Woiid.
Each Saw is "Warranted in every respecti
Particular attention paid to construction of
Portable & Stationary Saw Mills.
MILLS FURNISHED AT SHORT XOTIOK
At the lowest Market Prices.
IRON AND STEEL.
VAN WINKLE & DAVENPORT,
Importers and Dealers in Iron and Steel.
Norway and Sligo Iron, Heavy Hardware
and Boiler Plate, AxleB, Springs, Black-
smith's Tools, etc. Agents for Perkins'
Horseshoe and Globe Horse Nails, Sheet-iron, Bivets
and Cumberland Coal. AH sold at the lowest rates.
Nos. 413 and 415 Market street.
THE NEVADA
QUARTZ MINING PROPERTY FOR SALE,
With a new 15-stamp mill, now running. Has its own
water power, with houses, shops, etc. Government
title; joins the Providence mine, on Deer Creek, Nevada
City, Cal. Fqr sale or to bond.
AddresB, I. S. "VAN WINKLE,
413 Market street, San Francisco.
Ames' Genuine Chester Emery
4>
Has been reduced from seven cents to sis
cents per pound for grains in kegs, flour
and fine flour remaining at four cents per
pound, as heretofore. Important discounts
to the trade. Send for circulars.
HATJGHWOTTT & CO.,
26 Beekmau Street, New York.
tfiK tn (ft 9 A Per Day at home. TerroB free. Ad-
«PU w ep/WV dreBS G. Stinbon & Co., Portland, M.
W. T. GrARRATT.
CITY A
Brass and Bell Founder, £»
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANTJfAOTTJELEBB OF
Brass, Zino and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TAVERN AND LAND BELLS, OONUN,
FIRE ENGINES, FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS.
Steam, Liquor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and "Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Rivets, etc. Gauge Cocks, Cylinder Cocks, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Garratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal."
B£F-Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS, COP.
PER and BRASS. * 6-tf
1874. A GRAND SILVER MEDAL. 1874
^EMl-pORTABlnE!
The highest and only prize of its class given to any
Vertical Engine was awarded to the
HASKINS ENGINES AND BOILERS,
BY THE
MASS. CHARITABLE MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION,
at their Fair In Boston, in competition with the
Baxter, New York Safety Steam Power
and the Sharpley Engines.
PLANING AND MATCHING
ACHINJ
mm
BENTEL.MARGEDANT a CO.
HAMILTON, OHIO.
Send for Catalogue and Price List.
RUSSELL'S
OBEZOCT FII/E CURE.
To those suffering from Piles— External, Internal
and Itching Piles: You can be cured, as hundreds of
others have been. Send for Circular and see undoubted
testimony. Will send sample bottle for $2, or three
bottles for $5.
Call upon your Druggist, or address
DR. RUSSELL.
No. 5 Post street, San Francisco.
San Francisco Cordage Company.
Established 1856.
We have just added a large amount of new machinery o
the latest and -most improved kind, and are again prepared
to fill orders for Rope of any special lengths and sizes. Con-
stantly on hand a large stock of Manila Rope, all sizes;
Tarred Manila Rope ; Hay Rope ; Whale Line, etc., etc.
TUBBS & CO..
e20 611 and 613 Front street, San Francisco
A VALUABLE PATENT RIGHT
For the Pacific Coast,
WITH THE FAOTOBY FOE SALE.
For further particulars call at, or address,
611 POST STREET, - - SAN FRANCISCO.
jn5-3t
TO MINING COMPANIES.
A mining superintendent and engineer, of long ex-
perience, wishes to correspond with a view to engage
as mining superintendent. Best references given.
Address, "J". B.,"
I6p P. O. Box 633, Oakland, Cal,
<fc1fi in <fc Rf.fi invested in Wall Street often
3>IU W 3>JUV leadB to fortune. A 72-page 4
book explaining everything, and copy of the Wall "
Street Review sent free.
JOHN SICKLING & CO.,
Bankers and Brokers, 72 Broadway, New York,
BY r>EWEY 4c CO.,
Patent Solicitors.
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JUNE 26, 1875.
VOLUME XXX
ivuiijijer ae.
California Geology.
The Great Plunge on the Tertiary.
At the last meeting of the California Academy
of Sciences, Mr Amoa Bowman, formerly of the
Btate Geological Surrey, read a paper on the
above subject, as follows:
I wish to call attention to the facts, whioh
may be observed and confirmed by residents of
nearly every portion of the State, going to
show that California has risen out of the sea
at the dawn of our creation, that is to say, the
creation of the mammalians of the tertiary
period, and that since this comparatively recent
event it sank ont of eight again, under the sea,
bodily.
Only the mountain tops of the coast counties
rose above the surface. The movement was
gradual, and affected at least ten degrees of
latitude along the shores of the Pacific slope.
This conclusion is so well borne out by the
record that, however novel or unsupported it
may appear when stated for the first time, I
advance it fearlessly, though at present with-
out attempting to follow it up by an elabor-
ate array of proof. It is one of those great
truths which, when once announced, can be
studied and verified by everybody, and whioh
will stay true for all time.
It first interpreted itself to me during my
ooal reconnoissance last autumn, when, stand-
ing upon one of the highest summits of the
coal measures at Kortonville, in the Monte
Diablo coal region, I got a bird's-eye view of
the peges of the overlying tertiary between the
coal mines and Suisun bay, there opened up
like a book.
A horizon of marshes, bogs and forests is
seen swallowed up by the sea, buried under
and covered up by half a mile's thickness of
sea sediment, in the upper strata, densely im-
£regnated with the remains of marine life,
like a flash the similarity in position and of
subsidence under the sea of a dozen different
coal regions widely apart, which I had visited,
bearing the same relation to the underlying
cretaceous and the overlyiog tertiary rocks,
then for the first time occurred to me.
The last, and most interesting addition to
this page of our geological history came to my
notice more recently.
A few weeks ago I presented to the Academy
of Sciences some stone relics of the earliest
known inhabitants of the globe. This conclu-
sion, as a matter of fact, is not stated on my
own authority unsupported, but on that of
paleontologists, which I will not dispute, be-
cause I see no reason for disputing them at
this time. It rests in the fact that the forma-
tion is identified as upper tertiary or pliocene.
The authority is Lesqnereun principally, who
determined the palms and other extinct forest
leaves of our ancient rivers, and Whitney, in
volume one of the Geological Survey.
The locality from which these stone mortars,
pestles, stone knives, ornaments, etc., were
derived, as was slated when they were pre-
sented, is the Oroville and Cherokee mesa of
Butte county. I remarked, in presenting the
stone knife, that, of my own knowledge, the
formation was pre-glacial.
Coal deposits and coarse gravel underlying
the Oroville mesa, succeeded by finer material,
the upper portion of which is an auriferous gold
bench, preceding in age the volcanic and the
glaoial periods of California, testify to the
same convergence in the early tertiary, and to
the same grand plunge into the sea during the
middle and the latter part of the tertiary, the
proof of which I saw in so many places in con-
nection with the coal regions explored last
autumn.
The contemporaneousness of the submersion
Ib Butte county, and elsewhere in the interior,
with that at Monte Diablo, and throughout
the coast counties, is based not merely on the
fact that there are coal beds of wide distribution
marking the former emergence, found alike
in both places, but that the underlying rock is
cretaceous, so determined by marine fossils,
and that the formation at both places com-
prises the tertiary which were deposited
before the advent of the volcanic period. The
1 latter constitutes a sort of geological landmark
in California, of the end of the tertiary and of
the lowest subsidence of the land, since whioh
time we have had the ice period, and a new
emergence of 2,000 feet, whioh is still in pro-
gress
The stone relics of human origin here pre-
sented—to which I add to-night another, of a
curious trough-shaped utensil of granite, given
me by E. J. Davis, of Cherokee — show that
the country was inhabited during the latter
part of this subsidence, these relios having
been covered up by 600 feet of brackish and
fresh water submarine sediment. It is safe to
say brackish in general, because in portions of
the great valley, as at Livermore pass, brack-
ish water shells have been found in the same
formation, while at other placea where the tide
could ebb and flow, as at Eirker's pass, salt
water miocene and pliocene shells are im-
bedded, the fresher waters further in the in-
living near that beach whose mortars did not
all get covered up by the waves, to have enti-
tled ancient Cherokee to a town charter,
A New Gear Cutting Machine.
A good circular graduating or gear cutting
engine is a tool that is considered almost indis-
pensable in every machine shop of the present
day. While improvements have been made in
almost every tool in common use, there seems
to have been no change for the better in the
construction of circular gear cutting machines
until recently. The newly invented Peer gear-
PEER'S GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.
terior having destroyed, in the upper beds of
the tertian, the marine and brackish water
mulluscEe that flourished there when the lower
and the underlying cretaceous strata were de-
posited. .
The formation of Oroville and Dogtown
Table mountains extends over hundreds of
cutting machine, herewith illustrated, has an
expansive rotating cutting tool, whereby all
classes of gear wheels can be cut on the same
machine, dispensing with the several tools em-
ployed for that purpose. The maohine is to
constructed that it can be adjusted in a few
minutes for all kinds cf work, whether b vel,
SLUICING IN
square miles, as far into the interior as Shasta
county, and consists of sandy clays and gravels
horizontally bedded and generally conformable
as near as the eye can make out to the under-
lying cretaceous.
The particulars concerning the ancient beach
dwellers of Cherokee, belonging to the forma-
tion just described, are published in the
"Overland Monthly" for July. It is only in
consequence of the fact that the streams of
that vicinity, Dry creek and Cherokee ravine,
have cut through the volcano capping, and ex-
posed in Mesilla valley a fine geological section
through the entire tertiary series, beginning
with the auriferous strata on top, to the coal at
the bottom, including a portion of the creta-
ceous, that hydraulic mining is rendered prac-
ticable along the edges of the mesa, and' that
ancient Cherokee was ever discovered.
Probably fifty of these mortars have been
unearthed at Cherokee. They are too common
to be of any value, or to be a curiosity there.
Allowing one stone mortar for each tribe or
family, there must have been people enough
BAIN STORM.
spur, crown, mortise, face or spiral, and also
rack bars, either in metal or wood. This ma-
chine is also specially adapted for cutting all
kinds of gear patterns, thus giving the proper
draft for moulding purposes. Each cog or
tooth is completed simply by passing the cutter
through once, which also cuts out the wedge
shaped space between the tooth with one oper-
ation of the cutter. Many different sizes of
teeth can be cut with but few sizes of cutters.
The novel construction and arrangement of the
cutters are such that each tooth or cog is con-
structed with one pitch line, consequently the
teeth must be perfect in their form of pitch.
The machine is provided with a compound
head suitable for all kinds of milling work, and
so constructed, with slight additions, that it
can be mounted on ordinary lathe beds of ma-
chine lathes. This gear cutter is especially
adapted for the manufacture of watch and
clock wheels, where great accuracy is required,
having the nice adjustment for the space to be
cut, which adjustment can be made while the
maohine is in operation.
This maohine was patented by John A. Peer,
of No. 32 Fremont street, in this city, through
the Mining and Scientific Pbess Patent
Agency. The little brass model whioh wa*
made, turned out handsome little brass gear
wheels as perfect in shape as could be made in
any way. The machine, no doubt, will greatly
cheapen the manufacture of all kinds of gear
wheels, as in a few minutes it can be adjusted
to the smallest and to the largest wheels, and
is not liable to get out of order. It does its
work perfectly true, and is so simple that any
machinist or pattern maker can operate it. In-
stead of three cuts, each is finished by one out
and one adjustment, giviog the proper draft
for moulding. Instead of the ordinary solid
milling tool, the Peer machine has an expan-
sive rotating cutting tool. The follower whioh
holds the cutting tool has the form
of the pitch line on one side, the cutting edge
of the tool being made to correspond with that
of the follower, with a slight projection for
clearance. Any machinist can shape the cut-
ting tool in a few minutes; as the cutting tools
wear, however, an ingenious device keeps them
adjusted to the work. All kinds of wheels can
be out vertical or horizontal without remov-
ing the work from the center upon which it is
turned, and the tool is passed through only
once to complete each cog. One maohine wilt
cut patterns for wheels of all sizes, or dress
cast iron wheels taken from the sand.
With one of these machines a bed twelve feet
long can swing a wheel sixteen feet in diame-
ter in making patterns. The scale is graduated
by eighths, from one-quarter inch up to four
inch pitch. Mr. Peer says he can make clock
or watch wheels equally true with machine
wheels; raok-bars and fluted rollers of every
degree of fineness, and many other kinds of
work too numerous to mention can be made.
Wheels of brass or wood, twelve inches or less in
diameter, are cut from the solid block more
cheaply, and in less time than would be
required to make the drawings, besides saving
the cost and time of making patterns. In
swift running machinery, where one wheel of
wood meshes in with another of iron of like
diameter, the endurance is increased, and the
noise and jar incident to iron grating in iron is
greatly diminished. These wooden wheels are
secured to the shaft by two flanges clamping
the wood. This machine makes mitre gear of
a solid block of hard wood cut upon its end,
and heavy wooden wheels, after the cogs are
mortised in the usual way, are cheaply and per-
fectly finished. The followers are standard,
and the pitch-line is preserved, so that the
wheels can be duplicated without samples or
drawings. This machine can be Been at work
at the address given above.
Sluicing.
The accompanying engraving will give to
those of our readers not familiar with placer
mining an idea of what placer miners have to
endure in working during the winter storms.
It will also, perhaps, bring back to the minds
of many memories of early days in the mines,
when money was more plenty than it is now-
a-days. Standing up to the knees in muddy
water and pitching gravel into a dripping sluice
overhead is not much fun at any time; bat
when it is accompanied with a pelting rain
storm the discomfort is rather increased. But
when the water is plenty and the dirt rich,
these little inconveniences are overlooked, and
the hardy miner rejoices at the rain and only
wishes it to continue. Little of this class of
mining is now done in California, the shallow
placers being mostly worked out and those that
remain are principally worked by Chinamen.
The "Cromer" is a new location a short dis-
tance north of Gold canon, over the first range
of hills and immediately below the Devil's Gate.
A shaft is sunk to the depth of 60 ft, at whioh
point the ledge is 8 feet wide, and is being
taken out for milling. Assays indicate that it
will mill $40 or $50 to the ton.
At the Utah mine, on the Comstock, the new
and powerful pumping machinery is nearly all
in place. The pump columns for the first lift
of 275 feet, will be 14 inches in diameter, and
will be capable of hoisting a small river of
water, when once in fall operation.
410
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26> 1875
CORRESPONDENCE.
Australian Notes.
[From our Regular Correspondent.]
Messes. Editobs.— Continuing my descrip-
tion of the various Australian colonies, I arrive
at Queensland, which, though inferior in point
of area and population, as "well as in other
matters, to the province of South Australia, is
yet superior to it in point of revenue, numbers
of live stock, etc. This, although the young-
est branch of the Australian family, is progress-
ing so rapidly, and has such a solid basis on
which to rest that I should not be surprised if
in another quarter of a century she were to
take first or second place. It is only a few
years since she separated from the mother
colony of New South Wales, and now she
seems to progress at a more rapid rate than
any of the group. This, of course, is partly
due to the enormous amount of unsettled
territory within her borders.
On referring to the map you will find that
this colony lies immediately to the north of
New South Wales, and embraces the whole of
the north-eastern quarter of the Australian
continent. On the eastern coast, as might
naturally be expected, there are a number of
sea-ports which, like those in New Zealand,
are not of very great extent at present, but
which, like them, will no doubt increase in
size and importance as the years roll on and
the surrounding country gets permanently se!-
tled. The capital city is Brisbane, situated on
a river of the same name, not very far north of
the New South Wales boundary. The princi-
pal part of it is built on an alluvial flat jutting
out into the river. You will gather from the
comparatively limited population, and the fact
of its recent settlement, that the city is not a
large one, nor its buildings very substantial or
elegant. Nevertheless it has its advantages in
the eyes of intending emigrants, inasmuch as
its prosperity is indicated by the fact of there
being scarcely a house to let in the place,
whilst comfortable accommodation for travelers
is exceedingly scarce.
A somewhat similar description would an-
swer for the towns of Ipswich, Maryborough,
Bockhampton and Bowen, only that they have
a smaller population. This is the colony where
sheep herder s— squatters, we call them — can
still obtain leases of stations of enormous size.
I heard lately of two young men who recently
left Victoria obtaining a tract of 300 square
miles, and that at a comparatively nominal
rental. Of course this is not in the richest or
moBt accessible part of the colony, but that it,
can be obtained anywhere is a fact that speaks
volumes. There is, about seventy or eighty
miles inland from Brisbane, an immense undu-
lating table land, called the "Darling downs,"
where the soil is said to be of the richest kind,
and of fabulous depth. This, I need hardly
Bay, is all taken up.
In addition to the immense extent of country
suited for pastoral and agricultural purposes,
there are vast tracts which competent authori-
ties say contain innumerable gold bearing reefs,
requiring only time, patience and money to de-
velop them. A payable tin mine has already
been discovered and profitably worked, whilst
the Peak Down copper mines have been a suc-
cess^ Timber is present in such quantity and
quality that I am informed by a gentleman in
the Melbourne timber trade there is no pine
imported, a native substitute having been dis-
covered. Cedar trees of fair quality abound
on some of the rivers, measuring in some cases
fourteen or fifteen feet in diameter.
The cultivation of the sugar cane has been
here largely entered into, and some of the old-
est colonists think that this will form one of
the staples of the country. Already I believe
the trade has reached to the extent of some
5,000 tons of sugar per annum, and its only
limit seems to be the obtaining sufficient cheap
labor. At present they use Kanaka labor, im-
ported from the South Sea islands, but the
supply is limited, and their introduotiou is
looked upon with great jealousy by Great
Britain. Coolie labor seems to be the only
suitable kind obtainable, and about this there
is, as every one now knows, a great deal of
difficulty.
Queensland has a patent law, which it de-
rived from the mother colony of New South
Wales, and therefore for which it can scarcely
be held responsible, although it is of a very ob-
jectionable nature, requiring the large sum
of £20 to be deposited before the authorities
will even receive an inventor's application for
a patent. If, however, -the patent is once
granted, it holds good for fourteen years with-
out any further payment, so that if an inven-
tion be a good one, and suited to the require-
ments of the place, a patent for it is likely to
prove very profitable, although requiring some-
what of an effort to pay for it in the first in-
stance. Any invention advantageou-dy affect-
ing the squatter, (wool, hides, skina or meat,)
the sugar manufacturer or the miner, should
pay well here if judiciously worked. E. W.
Melbourne, May 3d, 1875.
Coal Fields of Puget Sound.
From the letter of a correspondent of the
Bulletin, we extract the following information
about these coal fields: A reaction in the right
direction has taken place among the leading
men of the sound, with the object of developing
the resources of the Territory in conjunction
with capitalists in San Francisco and else-
where. The most prominent feature of this
development is the unlimited confidence in the
vast coal fields on Puget sound. Some facts
on this subject will satisfy your readers that
this confidence is well founded. The foothills
and mountain range at the head of
Puyallup Valley
Is discovered to be an extensive coal field,
containing immense veins of the finest domestic,
steam and gas coal. This coal field is located
about thirty miles from Tacoma. The Direct-
ors of the Oregon Steam Navigation company
contemplate building a narrow gauge railroad
from Tacoma to their valuable claims there, to
connect with the Northern Pacific railroad at
Tacoma to Kalama, on the Columbia river.
There is no doubt but this is one of the most
valuable discoveries of coal yet made on the
sound. This railroad will pass through the
beautiful and fertile valley above named, that
is now coming into prominence as admirably
adapted for raising hops to great advantage.
The valley is twenty-five miles long by a
breadth of seven miles. This coal field will be
of great importance to Tacoma as a shipping
point for this valuable coal, by sea and land.
The Seattle Coal and Transportation Company
Has passed through the painful experience of
many similar companies in their early attempts
to succeed.
The mine is now thoroughly organized, with
ample capital and is in good working order,
with the reasonable certainty of grand results
in the near future. The mine is located seven-
teen and one-half miles from Seattle, three
miles beyond Lake Washington. The snipping
point is the bay of Seattle. The coal is brought
from the mine to Lake Washington, three miles
by railroad; then across that lake ten miles in
barges that carry eighteen cars; then a railroad
portage of half a mile; then three miles across
Lake Union; then a mile of railroad that lands
the coal at the depot, where it is either put on
board a vessel from the cars or placed in the
bunker, that holds 1,000 tons. Four round
trips are made every day to and from the mine,
bringing fifty tons each trip. At present eighty
miners are employed and fifty-five outside men,
such as drivers, mechanics and laborers. The
company pay about $10,000 a month for wages
and improvements. The company have 1,000
acres of coal lands in ooe body. Two tunnels
are opened for half a mile each, and both are
in working order; they run in such a gentle in-
cline as to drain themselves. The two veins
run for three miles, and have each an average
of four and a half feet of pure coal. There are
other veins not yet opened, some of them con-
taining seven and others ten feet thickness of
coal. There are well defined veins connected
with this mine that measure in all thirty-two
feet of solid coal, that will take half a century
to work out. At the shipping depot there are
workshops for making cars, including carpen-
ters, blacksmiths, mechanics and men for put-
ting the coal on board vessels. C. B. Shatteck
has charge of the transportation departments,
and W. H. Taylor looks out for the weighing
and other responsible duties. The improve-
ments inaugurated for the further development
of the mine are on an extensive scale. Two
large barges are ordered that will carry sixty
cars, or 120 tons of coal each; a powerful loco-
motive is on the way to take the place of a
small one at the mine. A large steamer for
towing is to be built immediately to take the
place of an inferior one, so that by the first of July
there will be 300 tons of coal sent out from the
mine daily; by the month of August there will
be 400 tons, and by October most probably 500
tons, or 3,000 tons a week. The coal is excel-
lent for domestic purposes and very good for
steamships, locomotives and furnaces. D. W.
Jones is the superintendent of the mine. O.
Coster is the responsible book-keeper. Cap-
tain Jackson has charge of the steamer on Lake
Union, and Captain William Bailey is master
of the steamer on Lake Washington.
This mining camp is a regular village, con-
taining numerous houses, and quite a number
are being built. There will be a hundred more
men employed in two months. A well sup-
plied store is kept by the company for the ac-
commodation of the miners and others. Miners
are paid $1.25 a ton; good miners make an
average of $4 per day; carpenters get from
$3 to $4; drivers get from $2 to $3; common
laborers get from $30 to $40 a month and board.
There is a good demand for all these classes of
men. Competent, reliable men of good habits
can get constant employment and make money.
Married men are preferred as being more steady
and permanent. The large majority of the
men at the mines are single, of a roving dis-
position— here to-day, away to-morrow — ful-
filling the old proverb, "A rolling stone gathers
no moss." The gentlemen composing this
company are principally San Francisco capital-
ists. Three vessels are loading coal at present
at the wharf for San Francisco, that will aver-
age 1,000 tons each.
The Renton Coal Mine
Is located on Cedar river, a mile from the head
of Lake Washington, and the same distance
from the mouth of Black river, on the divide
between Cedar river and White river. The mine
was commenced to be opened about twelve
months since. Fifty miners and others are
employed. Seventy-five tons of coal are taken
out daily, put into a bunker and screened as
they descend; then they are put in oars from
the bunker, sent by rail two miles to Black
river, put on barges, and towed by steamer
down Black river into Duwamish river, thence
to Seattle and put into a large bunker on the
wharf, that holds 1,200 tons, to be shipped to
San Francisco as vessels arrive, three of which
are daily expected. The distance from the
mine to Seattle is twelve miles. The main
tunnel was opened 600 yards two months ago ;
since then ten rooms have been opened. The
vein of coal now being worked is seven feet
thick of Bolid coal. The coal ranks among the
best for domestic purposes and is well liked
for raising steam.
By the first of July the company will be in
a position to ship 100 tons a day. The claim
contains 730 acres of coal lands. Some of the
veins, so far as known, are better than the one
opened. The company is a joint stock one,
known as the Benton coal company. It is
composed of a numerous list of shareholders.
who are entitled to a certain quantity of coal
yearly, in proportion to the number of Bhares
that each holds, at eight dollars a ton, in addi-
tion to the dividend on the profits of the com-
pany. The directors and shareholders are all
San Francisco people. The mining camp is a
little village composed of numerous cottages
for the men, a large dining hall, a good store,
comfortable quarters for the superintendent
and book-keeper. The company have a profit-
able saw-mill, own five barges and a steamer
for towing. To all appearance the mine is in
a healthy condition, and the prospects
decidedly favorable. Mr. Bobins is in charge
at present as superintendent, and W. C.
Dripps is the confidential book-keeper. A
stage from Seattle runs to the village every
morning and returns in the evening, charging
two dollars for the round trip.
The Talbot Coal Mining Company.
This mine is on the Bame divide as the Ben-
ton mine, between Cedar and White rivers, and
three-quarters of a mile from Black river. The
mine was opened early in November; 225 feet of
tunnel were cut before coal was struck. The
tunnel is now 535 feet long; twenty miners are
employed and sixteen outside men; 600 tons of
coal are in the bunker ready for being forward-
ed to Seattle for shipment to San Francisco.
The coal is taken from the mine to the bunker
in cars by rail a third of a mile long, then from
the bunker to Black river, a short distance, in
cars, put on barges and towed to Seattle by way
of Black and Duwamish rivers, twelve miles in
all. The company owns 320 acres of coal lands.
The tunnel opened has a vein ten feet thick of
pure coal of the best kind for domestic uses and
steam purposes, as well as for ordinary black-
smith work. The company is composed of
Messrs- John Collins, John Leary, James Mc-
Naught and Mi chael Padden — all Seattle men.
Mr. Padden is the superintendent of the mine.
The substantial and economical manner in
which the work is done proves the superin-
tendent to be the right man in the right place.
Cedar Mountain Mine
Is located on the same divide as Benton and
Talbot mines, six miles above Benton mine,
and, like it, near the margin of Cedarriver and
running into the mountain that forms the di-
vide. It has only been partially opened as yet,
but there is no doubt that it contains an im-
mense quantity of coal of a superior kiud.
The vein shows a thickuesB of coal from nine
to twelve feet in different places. There are
220 acres of coal lands connected with the
mine. The mine has been lately purchased
from Messrs. McAllister and George, of Seattle,
by a San Francisco company, for $25,000. It
will form a valuable contribution to the coal
business of Seattle and Puget sound. Active
operations will commence for opening the mine
as soon as it is settled that the Seattle and
Walla Walla railroad is to be built that far.
There is every reasonable certainty that tbat
road will be built twenty miles this summer,
extending to the outside limits of this mine.
The road is already graded seven-eights of the
twenty miles. When built it will give an im-
mense impulse to the coal trade aud other en-
terprises in and around Seattle. Should it be
built this summer there will be 1,000 tons of
coal sent from these mines to Seattle daily for
shipment, or 300,000 tons a year; 750 men em-
ployed in working them, and that will only be
the beginning of the future grand development
of this important industry extending along the
whole line of the sound.
The Clymer Mine
Is located near the junction of Cedar and Black
rivers, a short distance from the head of Lake
Washington, It is an old mine, but was never
worked to advantage. Dr. A. Bagley and
Messrs. A. Tread well, J. K. Bobbins and S. P.
Andrew have lately bought the mine from C.
Clymer, the latter retaining a share. They are
all Seattle men, and have commenoed in ear-
nest to open the mine and work it effectively.
There are 340 acres of coal lands owned by the
company. The tunnel is not sufficiently
opened to form a correct opinion as to the
thickness of the vein. The owners claim that
there are seven feet of solid coal in the vein.
When the Seattle and Walla Walla railroad is
built the first twenty miles, this company will
have ample facilities for sending their coal to
Seattle for shipment.
Other Coal Mines.
There are four other coal mines on Stilagna-
mish river, and one on Snohomish river not
yet worked, that are extensive, and valuable
coal for common house purposes. On the
Skagit river a most valuable coal mine has been
discovered, and is partially wrought by six min-
ers, in which J. J. Conner, of that place, has an
interest. It has been fully tested that this coal
is equal to the famous Blossbnrg and Cumber-
land coal for blacksmiths. The company are
now supplying a large number of blacksmiths
on the s ound with this coal, and will soon
be in a position to meet the entire
wants of the Territory at moderate rates.
Competent judges say the same coal will make
the best of gas and coke beautifully. It is a
soft coal, and requires to be shipped in bags
or barrels. It is obvious to the close observer
that there is in the district of Puget sound,
from Puyallup river, coming out from Mount
Bainer, to Bellingham bay, underneath Mount
Baker — a distance of more that one hundred
miles — an almost inexhaustible storehouse of
the best of coal for almost every requirement
of the human family in the shape of fuel. The
reflecting mind, when contemplating the future
development of these vast coal fields, the
mountains of iron, the magnificent forests, and
the extensive ship building on Puget sound,
can easily foresee a grand development of these
industries along the whole line of the beautiful,
varied and extensive waters of the sound.
Mariposa Estate.
We have recently made inquiries, says the
Mariposa Gazette, respecting the grand tunnel
enterprise of the Mariposa company on the
Merced, and have come in possesion of many
interesting facts. As long ago as 1858 or '59,
Dr. Adelberg suggested the advisability of a
tunnel from the Merced river at the Benton
mills, along the line of the vein of quartz
which was known to exist from the river to the
Pine Tree and Josephine mines, and from these
last, continuing southwardly, to Mount Ophir,
Princeton, Agua Frio, and even to the extreme
southerly limits of this estate. The suggestion
was not acted on at the time, but some years
after was again brought to the notice of the
Mariposa company. A tunnel was commenced
and then abandoned, and the enterprise was
permitted to rest until June, 1873, when the
work was in reality commenoed.
The tunpel was carried on with occasional
interruptions until June, 1874, and then, after
a rest of six months, was again resumed, until
now it has reached a JeDgth of 800 feet. The
work at the commencement was easy, but as
the drift advanced, the ground became harder,
until at 440 feet, hard blue slate was encount-
ered, and has since continued. The course of
the tunnel being parallel to this stratification,
in blasting the powder loses seventy-five per
cent, of its effective force on the "centre cuts."
Had it not been for the Burleigh rook drill
it is almost fair to say that the work would
have been abandoned long since, as competent
miners estimate the cost of running it at $70
per foot. With this tunnel once in on the
vein, -which it is expected to strike at 1,000 or
1,200 feet, the cost of carrying it on will be
defrayed out of the vein itselt, for, with a
down grade to the mill, and absence of hand-
ling the ore twice, the quartz can be delivered
at the "spaller" for less than $2 per ton, and
the cost of milling will not exceed that amount,
as the principal item of expense in milling ia
done away with, or reduced to a minimum by
using the water power of the Merced.
As we mentioned in our last issue, steps are
now being taken to bring in a ditch, and we
understand that most of the drilling on its line
will be accomplished by the Burleigh drill.
The ditch, besides famishing power to the
Benton mills, will also supply the means of
working the placers above the banks of the
river, which are now useless for the want of
water, The amount of extra power to be
derived from the increased fall, will be nearly
1,000 horse-power. And it is part of the policy
of the Mariposa land and mining company to
utilize this power by milling the quartz fur-
nished by the series of veins frum the Merced
river to Agua Frio, thus avoiding the enormous
expense for fuel ,of about $20,000 yearly for
each mill. Thus at no greatly distant day we
shall see Princeton rock going its winding
way to the Merced 1
We have by no means lost faith in the future
of this splendid property, on which, as yet,
comparatively speaking, only a few scratches
have been mude. The future stands before us,
and under the new regime it promises to be a
grand one.
Mixing Steike. — "An important mining
strike," says the Silver City Times, "was made
on Saturday in the Amazon mine, which ad-
joins the Genesee and Alhambra on the south.
The drift struck a rich body of ore, which, in
color and character, can hardly be distin-
guished from that of the Consolidated Virginia.
Yesterday morning the drift had cut four feet
into the vein, and the face was still in splendid
ore. The strike created considerable excite-
ment, and many are of the opinion that we are
to have a genuine bonanza on this end of the
great lead." A letter from the mine states
that the vein is full seven feet with blue clay
walls.
Pkebebvatioh of Bope. — The following pro-
cess for preserving rope has been patented on
the Continent: The rope is steeped in a solu-
tion of 600 grammes of sulphate of copper, 200
grammes cf sulphate of zinc, and thirty
grammes of glycerine evaporated to dryness,
the whole mixed with twenty-four litres of boil-
ing water in a close yessel.
une 26, 1875.J
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
411
.CIENTIFIC
-JROCRESS.
n Some Recent Observations on Mag-
netism.
bromine, on the other hand, show an increase
•f brightness, ander the aotion of the electro*
magnet, and there is a development of numer-
ous fine bright lines, especially in the green.
These facts the author considers important in
reference to cosmic spectroscopy and the ob-
scure relations between magnetism and light.
In onr last issue we gave, from Iron, an ao-
>unt of some recent and interesting observa-
ons in regard to magnetism. We oontinue the
abject In the present issue as follows :
In Professor Helmholtz's laboratory at Ber-
n, M. Holz has recently been studying the
anses of variation in magnetic coercive force
see Pagg. Ann); examining the magnetic
iroperties of iron bars obtained by the eleotro-
ytic method, and comparing with steel bars,
le finds that the former, through heating, ac-
[aire a greater specifio gravity ; the molecules
re less apart, and the permanent magnetio
noment is diminished nearly a half. Steel bars,
m the other hand, acquire a less specific grav-
ty through heating and hardening; the mole-
•ules are further apart, and the magnetio mo-
ment is considerably increased. This change of
mapnetio foroe, arising from ohange in density,
readily explains (as M. Holz points out) the ef-
feots observed by Id. Wiedemann in studying
the relations between magnetization and tor-
Bion. He found that the permanent magnetism
of steel bars deoreases through torsion; that
the temporary magnetism inoreases through de-
torsion; and that iron bars cut with a hawk saw
are untwisted by magnetizatior. Now, torsion
condenses the bar, so the magnetism must de-
crease, owing to increase of the specific gravity.
))etorsion has the opposite effect, and in
magnetizing the iron bars referred to, an ex-
pansion must take lace which results in de-
torsion.
Coercive force is, doubtless, to be regarded
as a passive force, like friotion, hindering the
movement of molecules in any direction, and
it seems natural to suppose that its intensity
will diminish when the temperature is raised,
the heat favoring magnetization when the mag-
netizing force is superior to the force which
tends to bring the molecules to their position
of equilibrium; and demagnetization, when the
moleoular foroe is superior. Supporting this
view, M. Gangain states, in one of his interest-
ing series of notes on magnetism to the French
Academy, that he has been able to increase
1 magnetism, under certain conditions, by means
of heat. He first magnetized small bars of steei,
keeping them a few instants with one end in
contact with one of the poles of a permanent
, magnet. He then ascertained their magnetic
1 state (by his special method) ; then he renewed
I the oontact, and heated them with a spirit
I lamp; put out the lamp and let the bars oool
before detaching them. He then found the
magnetization much greater than when the bars
had not been heated. This increase of magnet-
ism only takes place if the bar remains in
contaot with the magnet while cooling. The
total magnetism (as well as the permanent)
was considerably increased by the heating,
but the magnet had only to be removed a few
seconds for a portion of this increase to dis-
appear.
It is known that some specimens of native
platinum not only act on the magnetio nee*dle,
1 but are magnetipolar, like true magnets. The
auriferous Bands of the Oural, after some wash-
Jings, leave a residuum in which gold is associa-
I ted with ferruginous substances. To separate
the latter (at least in part) the workmen use a
natural magnet of magnetic oxide of iron got
in the mine of Blagodat. Now, after this
magnet has ceased to act, a magnet of native
platinum will further extract furrogiuous grains
in considerable quantity. Analysis of these
magnets of native platinum have shown that
they always contain iron in considerable pro-
portion. M. Kose thought the iron alone was
insufficient to acoount for the effectB, and that
they must in part be due to the iridium present.
;Tbe subject has been recently gone into by M.
JDaubree. He has Bucoeeded in produoing
these magnets artificially by synthesis; in
which he fused platinum with a quarter of its
weight of iron (twenty-four grammes of platin-
um and six grammes of iron) . Polar magnet-
' im appeared very markedly in the cast, and in
.16 fragments of this when it was broken. The
.■emarkable point is that only certain propor-
tions of the two metals give the desired result
M. Daubree made an alloy of ninety-nine per
lent, iron and one per cent, platinum, but this,
■.hough strongly magnetic, gave no traces of
molarity. And, on the other hand, native
ilatinum containing only a small proportion of
ron ia also not magnetipolar. Farther, several
ninerals oalled magnetic may be made magneti-
lolar by certain operations; but in the case
jinder consideration the magnetipolarity ap-
pears immediately in the alloy, whenever the
:aBt is sufficiently cooled, and without any
ouch, simply under the inductive aotion of
he earth. The phenomenon is one which is
forthy of further investigation and has some
jwactical importance.
M. Chautard has lately observed some strik-
' ng ohanges in the speotra of the metalloids
rhen the gases (in Geissler tubes), were put
rnder the influence of strong electro-magnets,
.he light of sulphur and selenium undergoes
considerable diminution of intensity, so
Teat, sometimes, that the spectrum, which is
lot very bright at the beginning, entirely dis-
ppeara after a few seconds. Chlorine and
The New
Glass— Another
Producing It.
Process of
It is announced that Mr. Charles
Pieper, a German inventor, has devised a way
of toughening glass, which the German papers
prononnce superior to that of M. de la Bastie,
already described In these aolnmns. The
Pieper glass is said to be fully as strong as that
of the latter inventor, and its appearance is
much purer and dearer. Extended experi-
ments upon it have begun in Germany. The
Association of German Glass Makers has al-
ready entered into negotiations with Mr.
Pieper for the use of his invention, susp- nding
similar dealings with M. de la Bastie, on account
of the immense price asked by him, over eight
million dollars.
Hardening Glass.
In connection with the above the following
will be read with interest: A process of hard-
ening glass has been patented by Mr. Macin-
tosh, of Westminster, Eng., a civil engineer
who has devoted much time and attention to
the hardening of iron, steel and alloys. Start-
ing on the broad ground that, the lower the
degree of temperature of the liquid in which
certain heated bodies were plunged, the harder
such bodies became, Mr. Macintosh has found
that glass, graphite, nncrystallized carbon,
slag and other analogous substances may be
rendered exceedingly hard by means whioh are
usually indicated for metals. Colored glass
may, by this treatment, be rendered so bard as
to be effectively used as a substitute for gems,
and, what is ourious, may be pulverized and
used in the same way as diamond dust or
emery powder.
In hardening the substance, the method
pursued by the patentee is to place a small
quantity of fused or nearly fused clear or col-
ored glass in iron or other molds to shape the
glass, and the substance isjjtaken out of the
molds snd placed in platinum molds, and fused
or nearly fused, and suddenly deprived of its
caloric by frigorific mixtures of iced water and
salt, or any of the freezing compounds that
produce extreme cold; the sum and substance
of which is that the glass is heated to a very
high degree of temperature and then
rapidly cooled in a very frigid fluid. A start-
ling statement is made by Mr. Macintosh when
he asserts that when the component parts of
gems are treated by the above process, he is
enabled to produce thereby fictitious gems even
harder than real diamonds.
A Novelty is Obnamental Silvebino. — In
Munich various objects of art have lately been
displayed which are remarkable for their bril-
liant silver hue. It appears that they are mere
plaster models covered with a thin coat of mica
powder, which perfectly replaces the ordinary
metallic substances. The mica plates are first
cleaned and bleached by fire, boiled in hydro-
chlorio acid, and washed and dried. The
material is then finely powdered, sifted, and
mingled with collodion, which serves as a
vehiole for applying the compound witha paint-
brush. The objects thus prepared can be
washed in water, and are not liable to be
injured by sulphuretted gases or dust. The
collodion adheres perfectly to glass, porce-
lain, wood, metal, or papier muche. The mica
can be easily tinted in different colors, thus
adding to the beauty of the ornamentation.
ECHANICAL JgROGRESS
The Cold Steam Motor.
Curious
Experiment in Instantaneous
Crystallization.
It is well known that various salts dissolve
in water in different proportions, and that the
solution usually takes place more readily when
the water is warm. After cooling, crystalliza-
tion of the fluid takes place, but this may be
prevented by leaving the solution in absolute
quiet and protecting it from contaot with the
air. It is then said to be supersaturated, and
the least shock, or the addition of a minute
crystal of the salt, is sufficient to cause instan-
taneous crystallization of the whole. A curious
experiment, based on the above, has recently
been devised by M. Peligot: 150 parts, by
weight, of hyposulphite of soda are dissolved in
fifteen parts water, and the solution is turned
into alarge test tube, previously warmed, so as to
half fill the same. Another solution of 100 parts,
by weight, of acetate of soda, in fifteen parts
of boiling water, is made, and this is carefully
poured in on top of the first solution, so as to
float ou and not mingle with the.latter. To the
above two solutions is then added a little boil-
ing water, and the whole is left in quiet to
After the cooling is accomplished, a little
crystal of hyposulphite of soda may be let down
into the liquid. The fragment will traverse the
aoetate solution without effect thereon; but on
its reaching the solution below, instant crystal-
lization of the same will take place. As
soon as the re-action in the hyposulphite is
finished, a orystal of acetate of soda may be
caused to produce a similar result in the acetate
solution. ______
A New Abttfictal Light fob Photogbaph-
ING.--The following is a description of a new
artificial light for photographing, whioh has
been recently invented in France. A quart bot-
tle, with a somewhat large month, has a cork
with two openings. Through one of these a
tube passes to near the bo torn of the bottle;
through the Becond a larger tube, packed with
iron scale, issues. Fragments of pumioe fill
the bottle, and on these carbon disulphide is
poured. A current of nitric oxide prepared by
Deville's method— by the action of nitric and
snlphurio acids on metallio iron oontained in a
Belf-regulating reservoir— is passed through
the bottle, where it takes up the vapor of the
disulphide. It is then led through the safety
tube packed with iron sjale to the burner. Ex-
cellent photographs vere taken in five second*
with this light, the object being six feet distant.
In photographic po >ver the light is asserted to
be superior to the magnesium or calcium light,
and even to surpass tne electric light itself.
The products of combustion are noxious snd
must be got rid of,
We have made several allusions to what
is claimed by a Philadelphia inventor as a new
motive power which is to supersede steam, by
virtue of its being far more powerful and very
much cheaper. It is claimed that its cost is a
mere trifle, compared to the cost of steam,
while it is capable of being used with the ut-
most safety at a pressure many times that of the
ordinary use of steam.
The discoverer refuses to tell, even the capi-
talists associated with him, how he obtains bis
power; although he freely permits his associates
and some of their friends, as experts, to Bee
the machine both at rest and at work. Accord-
ing to reports, they find that it actually pos-
sesses wonderful power, developed in a manner
which they cannot explain. They have taken
the machine to pieces, watched the discoverer,
Keeley, while putting in water and blowing in
air, examined the vapor which issues from the
machine when in operation, and found that the
power amounts to a pressure of several thous-
and pounds to the square inch. There is no
fire, no heat, and, so far as they can discover, no
chemical; and they suppose that the power is
obtained by decomposing water into its con-
stituent gases by some process not generally
understood. Keeley says he must keep his se-
cret till he gets his patents. He refuses to give
a name to the motor; but others, led by guess,
call it "cold steam." The machine is described
as about three feet high, two long, and a foot
wide; and contains a number of pipes of wrought
iron connected by valves. It has been seen at
work by Mr. Butherford, Chief Engineer of the
United States Navy, and he, with others, signed
an opinion which has been published in a
pamphlet for the use of the stockholders.
We understand that neither Mr. K. nor the
parties associated with him desire to part with
any stock in the invention, and they expresB
the belief that within a short time trains will
be driven by the new motor on some one or
more of our principal railroads. While me-
chanics and others are on the tipt03 of expec-
tation, all prefer to wait for a practical demon-
stration, on the principal that only seeing will
lead to full confidence in the reality of the in-
vention.
The Sand Blast— New Applications.
The sand blast has, in the four years it has
been in operation, wrought a revolution in all
kinds of ornamental stone cutting. For cut-
ting glass the pressure of an ordinary blower
is sufficient to make either a plain, uniformly
depolished surface, or copy the most delicate
line engraving; while for stone and metal cut-
ting a pressure of from 90 to 100 pounds is em-
ployed. The contractor for furnishing 250,-
000 head stones to the government employs the
blast; and by its use completes them at the rate
of 300 per day, averaging eighteen letters
eaoh.
One great use of the blast, at present, is in
the manufacture of plain and colored glass
signs, of all descriptions, as well as door lights
of most artistic aud beautiful designs. It is
also beginning to be used in lapidary work of
all kinds, especially in the manufacture of
initial jewelry. It is also employed very largely
in giving the popular "satin finish" to silver-
plated ware, and, more recently, to the manu-
facture of glass globes, bearing elaborate and
artistic patterns.
The Ames shovel works, at Taunton, Mass.j
are proposing to apply the blast to the clean-
ing of their iron from rust, etc., a process now
attended with considerable labor and incon-
venience. A Taunton (Mass.) tack factory,
which cleans 17,000 square feet of tack plate
per diem, is also proposing to apply it to the
same purpose. One of its most novel applica-
tions was the recent furnishing of 200 appo-
priately engraved glass cards, for the glass
wedding of an eccentric Englishman. Some
twenty tons of five-eighth inch glass for the
dome of the New Orleans custom house
were recently cleaned and depolished. Such
thick glass is always full of little specks of
dirt, etc., on its surface; but by the use of the
blast a perfectly clean surface was obtained,
which transmitted a clear, pleasant light.
Pottery in the United States.
Fob the manufacture of pottery in the United
States there is no lack of the very best material,
and indeed there is no good reason why we
should be dependent upon foreign sources for a
supply of any kind of fine work. We can, at
least, maintain a respectable antiquity here,
for at the Delaware Water Gap specimens of
cups, of early Indian work, of good form and
rudely decorated, have been washed out, with
stone implements. Wedgewood used clay from
Georgia and Florida, and was quite jealous of
the "pot works" in South Carolina in 1770.
We had norcelain works in Philadelphia at that
time, too, and again in 1849, but they were not
sustained, although Phcenixville is doing its
best to establish a factory there. Pennsylvania
reports 198 establishments for the manufacture
of stone and earthenware, the highest number
in any state. Trenton has twenty potteries and
sixty kilns, producing stone cbina as good as
any imported. In Jersey there is an abundance
of good clav from Camden county to Baritan
bay. In Chester county there are establish-
ments for mining, washing and preparing
kaolin, a fine clay, equal to any from Cornwall
in England, and on the Susquehanna there are
mills to crush and grind fine quartz and feld-
spar rock, the material used in the manufacture
of pottery. The decoration of our home ware
is going on finely, and in time we may hope to
gain artistic oulture and inspiration to rival our
progress in other branches of useful manufac-
tures, and leam to depend upon our own work-
men to utilize the material which lies within
our own borders, instead of importing or merely
imitating the products of foreign workshops
anddesigns.
■;- The pottery business of California is gradu-
ally becoming an important industry. The pot-
tery clays of the State seem to be gaining favor.
The deposit found in the coal beds on the
northeastern slope of Mt. Diablo has been used
for years, and an extensive establishment has
recently been put up at the Linooln coal mine,
where equally good material for earthenware
has been found. Aa yet, only the coarser ar-
ticles are made, but with time we may hope to
see large factories of porcelain in California,
A New Carriage Wheel for the Road.
A new principle in the construction of car-
riage wheels has just been patented by Mr.
Robert Fioken, of Birmingham, which is ex-
citing some attention. In this new wheel every
part consists of wrought iron, with the excep-
tion of the tire, which is formed of the best
cast steel . The method of fastening the spokes
(which are hollow), both in the rim and in the
boss, iB safe as it is simple. The tire is con-
structed bo as to protect the other parts of the
wheel when it runs against the curbstone, or
comes in contact with another vehicle. Neither
in putting on the tire, nor indeed in any por-
tion of the work, is a single bolt or nail em-
ployed, the spokes being slipped into their
places in the rim and boss, and afterwards
locked up by a nut, while the tire is firmly in-
serted into a groove in the rim. The patentee
has likewise made considerable improve-
ments in the axletree and boss, the strength of
the former being increased at the points where
it is most liable to give way, and the latter pos-
sessing accommodation for about four times
the usual quantity of oil for lubricating pur-
poses. Although made of iron and steel, each
wheel is not more than two or three pounds
heavier than ordinary wheels, and the cost of
production is about the same in both cases.
The objects aimed at by the inventor have been
the light appearance and strength of the wheel
as well as simplicity in its construction; and in
these respects he has been highly successful. —
British Trade Journal.
A Gbeat Imfbovement in Nail Machinebt.
— The Cincinnati Enquirer says of the Haddock
nail machine, that it is one of the most won-
derful mechanical inventions ever introduced,
that it will revolutionize the nail-making busi-
ness, that the machine manufactures 25 per
cent, more nails, at a saving of over 50 per
cent, in labor, than any other maohine in use.
Quite a number of heavy capitalists have taken
stock in the company, which shows their faith
in the enterprise.
New Babeel Machine. — It is said that Mr.
J. W. Jones, of Wheeling, W. Va., has invented
a crozier that cuts, grades the thickness,
squares the ends, champers and grooves a stave
at one stroke. One machine is capable of turn-
ing out in a day eight hundred "stands" of
staves, or kegs, the labor required for feeding
being that of a boy only. It is automatic, in
fact, and is a self-feeder to a great extent.
Bending vs. Fobging. — It is now possible by
the aid of hydraulic machinery to bend iron
shafts of twelve inches diameter, when properly
heated, to any required shape. The bent shafts
are said to be better than forged ones, from the
fact that the fibre of the metal runs in one di-
rection continually, whereas in forged ones it is
often across the line of strain.
Eapid Wobk. — John Adt, an ingenious
inventor of New Haven, Conn., has invented
and is now manufacturing a machine which
will cut, bend and finish 500 staples a minute.
It will take but few such machines to make all
the staples needed in the country.
Stamping Mold Boabds. — Mold boards for
plows are now stamped at a single opera-
tion, in a press.
412
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
Sales at S. F. Stock Exchange.
FRIDAY, x. M., Juki 18.
100 American Flat $H
1205 Andes 3>£a3M
75 Alpha l7.ii) I tHi
$15 tteloher WA(g}2,
785 Beat* Belcher.i7H&W>*.
5U Bulli n ... 36^.^7' i
25 Baltimore 0 . n 4»
100 Bacon 9 10 ->
218U Ciilif.rnia sm&56H
l'O do b5..5t>^
17U ObolUr 75&V
27U Con Virginia 375@3li5
50 do b 30. .375
190 Confidence 17@16*fl
185 (Jrowu P int 30-*(gi3U
250 Co mopolitan...42>i(gll5c
100 D.tito'i 3Jb
SO Ivuipire Mill i'u
4« Guuld 4 > urry...nj4'gHl
70 H*le*fcNor StX
30 Imperial b^
325 Julia 1
SU Kemuok 13K@UX
130Ko-Buh 04
ISO Lady Wash '.i
S50 Lady Bryan SJiCftSK
40 ....do b5..3^
100 Mint 25c
100 Maryland 75c
635 M.xicaii YIH@18
liw ..do b 5. .18
10 Niajrata "„v^P,c
200 New York 2®2^
lliO Occidental 3>&
BfiO cphlr «@46is
10 ..do b b.Mh
245 Overman 6i@5a
50 r*h 1 olieridan 1
(100 Prospect i%
320 Rock Island 7';
tii Savage.. 100
l'O Se«. Be cber
250 S Hill 8@7^
60) Si rra.Neva.ia... It'-ju.iJ
100 Succor l
150 SB. Island I
400 S California 2%
10 SHill 7
200 Union *>6®b>K
2n0 Utab 6
160 Woodviiie 2*
15 Yellow Jacket 75^
25 ..do b 30 "
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
100 B-dmont
133a Best&Bel W-mWz
50 Cherry Creek I h
163 Con Virgi. ii... 3335307^
30 do b5..31u
50 do b 15..3i2>s
3100 California 'S3.<vo>
1U0 ....do b5 54
600 Eureka Con 5JV@5
570 Gila 4@4!4
750 Uold>-n Chariot . 3 ^ i u; J ■ M
450 (4ould & Curry., 17<fliit>&
81I Illinois Central ti
910 Jackson l>S@lSr,
515 Jefferson 3
awKKcou m-H
170 Leopard 13^(3)13
1U0 ...rto b5,.r^
100 Meadow Valley.... 6®»^
S60 Mansneld 25c
3ifi) Mammoth 30c
310 Mahogany GX&lfy
300 ...,d,i b 30.. 1(316^
106> Mexican lti^^.6-Jq
600 ..do bS..l<&
330 Opb;r -l'J'v«,-.n.i,
10J r*uuenix 1J4
50 Paniher i'.i
40 Pauper \%
25 Pru-sian.... ;j
725 Poorman 7>£@7
25 Knyu-oiid & lily 41
70 Rje. Patch 1,16
100 . ..do 8 m..\>n
400 Ruck Island 7#@7&
300 S Peak ;.....
2d0 South Chariot I'A
630 War Eagle
200 ..do & 90. AH
3 0 Rock Island ..8JJ
150 Succor 1
260 Sierra Nevada \t%
17a Silver Hill VA@i
150 Tyler 75c
101' Utah 6
50 Union Con 6^@6M
260 Woudville •2&&2%
110 Yellow jacket 1*
AFTEBNOON SESSION.
100 Alps ....62J£c
]0 Am Flat 2%
210 Belinout 4©'iH
21) BestA B Ii*
till Beluhrr ■^:^ij,m
2.2 Con Va 315^314
4u Crown Point 209*
535 California 5ji:j.^.>V)
1655 Eureka Con Sbn(iU!a
osu Empire 04 @i
1195 wild 4X&4%
670 Uoldeu Gimnot >\j(U>''a
50 Gould & Curry i.iU
50 ..do b30..lb
70 Hale A Nor 37
100 IilinuisCeu tv.
3l<0 Jackson..- 1*
I»5 Jefferson ; 3
205KKCoo 5
110 Leopaid \ilA®^H
1 75 Maubfield ib&tu:
6.0 i.viahog.ny St.qfiH
100 uo b5..B
41*0 Mexican 17^@17
60 NBelie ti
725 Uuhir 45^@4t>
20 Pauper i%
765 Pi.oenix £
205 Poorman 6@6>4
i0 Raymond & Ely.
405 Rye Patch...
450 at Patrick....
370 S Chariot. ...
HO War Eagle. .
20 Y Jacket
SATURDAY, A. m., June 19
200 Andes 3V3Au
50 American Flat :■/-<■.,
75 AU.ha 16 v
111) Belcner 2fi@2B!£
1170 Ba t & Bui .5,(11'.'.,
120 Bullion.: 3i(0Jtij£
3S0 Crown foint... 30^^^)5-4
.50 ....do DJ..3:
M00 California 5:<a,'.>Vt
-20 ..do b5 5.VA
300 ..do b 30. 55
250 ..do b 10. .55
20 Chotlar ""
20 ..do b5..au
lit Con Virginia 330@I3.20
50 Confidence. n.'..
200 i oaniopolitan 40c
10 OaUdoma 1634
130 Dayton 2*s
250 Daney 60c
220 Enrekd (Jon 56® 4
130 Gould & Curry io>$
100 Hrtle k Nor 37
175 Imperial 6^@6><,
305 Julia 1%'-
20 Just ce ,
1S6 Kentock L3®13>&
220 Kossuth-, 7 c
8") Knickerbocker,.. 33^(33^
270 Lady Bryati 3'".«iJl.|
95LadyWa=h VA
300 Mini 26c
2505 Mexican 17@>'>«
l'fli Mar \ laud. 75c
75 M jado w Valley 6
lljj Aew York 'L
%% N«'ason 35c
2 0 Niagara 70c
1595 Ophir 4l,'i «. ■!!■'.)
liO I'ccidental
30 Overman
515 Propect 4^
2(0 ....do s 3U..4M
730 Rook Island ms%
80 Riiyft tily 42^3?a
20 SRIilaud 1
10 Savage . 100I&05
15i sierra Nevada
10 Silver Hill ,
305 T^ler 70e
85 Union t\^
450 Utah 57a®h
130 Wo.'dville 2HWi%
101) Wells-Fargo 18c
ft) Yellow Jacket 75
| MONDAY, a. M. Juite 21.
10 Alpha 16^
325 Belcber 25X@25^
785 Best & Bel 43(3143*1
30 ....do b 10. .44
50 Kulllon 37M
75 Bil Con 4>i
18-5 Onollar ~u
325 Crown Point. ..29k@29Jj
10 ..do b 30. .3
230 Confidence UH®i-
495 Con Virginia ,.305@3li!!B
50 ..do s20..30,VgJ807^
2395 California. 53 6
200 ..do s5..f3^
115 Caledonia 16oilb;2
200 Cosmopolitan 37>^c
100 Dayion 1%
410 Gould AC lii®r
125 Hale* Nor „,i
20 Imperial
190 Julia ll,Si®
5 Justice : ;
15" Kt-ntuck
100 Lady Br , an 3%
50 Ldy Wash B5..1J4
(0 Maylaud 75c
1*4
4@74>*
TUE3DAY, a. u., June 22.
140 Alpha 16'-@16U
law Andes iiXi&'-i
20 Belcher V6J4
145 Best <fc Bu.cLior.. .41^ ,«.' 15
110 Bal.iinoru Con 4tgjmj
90 Bullion 38
40 ChoL.ar 74@7a>f
135 Urown foint 30kqtf9&
20 ......do b 30. .30^
2.i Conndence 15^®l5^
34|) Con Vir«iuia.. 3j;;^,u)320
4t» ..do b5..32i
1375 California 'obi-ii® n?u
2o do b M.^ir'.,
5 Challenge 6
245 Cosmopolitan.. 35@„7>£c
50U Dayton 2*$
75 Empire >.4M
5 Eclipse 3
LOO i.imld i; Uurry. . ,Hiu!llil.J
10 Halo Jc Norcr.a. Jti
68{l Luperial o'lyib^
mi0 J us .ice bO
50 Julia 11M@U
1U5 Kentuck 13ifj(l^
10 Knickerbocker. s
100 Kossuth S2J60
120 Lady Bryan 3^--,
liO Lady Wash \'A&^A
75 Mint 25c
5.0 Mary and.., Ian
365 Mexican I7^@17'4
io.i do b5..17H
125 New York 2'/i(3f£
A- N Carson z5c
100 Occidental 3
275 Ophir 4bigH5>£
10 ..do DB..45&
230 uverman 59jjt>0
650 Pios^ct 4>4
125 U.ioii Island B%
265 S Nevada i2^(a)l2^
300 S California 2M
395 Succor 1
70 S Hill 7
555 Ltuofl l>:-.i-.<jji>S
20 Utah bJb
270 Woodville 2Js@2-t|
AXTEBNOON SESSION.
150 Alps 50@62>£o
175 Belmont :vU"ii
145 Belcher i6%w£ ■%
SyO California 5ig®57
50 Con Virginia.. .b S .j».'j
640 t-rown Point... 3v>^@29^i
50 ..do bw..a\>a
450 Eureka Con .61oj63^
4*5 U Chariut 3jT@3ii
1225 Gila 4^®i3<
JJO vjouid i Uurry in -^
100 ....do b30..17>%
100 IdaEUmore 2
100 Illinois Ceii 7,'gi<j). ' 0
2a0 Impe.ial 7,S
2010 Jackson 2<gtl&
5.50 Jetfer=on '&&!%
200KKCoa... 4->4l.Mj»
loO do 1)30...-'
1000 Leopard 13®12&
100 Meadow Valley
150 California b5..55£
640 ....do 55^®65,4
115 Crown Point. ..28Wg|275fi
80 Con Va 316®312ii
470 Eureka Con 62®60
1995 Gila 47b®4#
920 G Chariot 3*i(g3$i
200 GouldAO 15Ji
100 Illinois Cen 6.'-a
100 Imperial Va
915 Jefferson 3?i,'@3^
12ti0 Jackson \%
75 KKCon.... m
770 Leopard 14
170 Meadow Valley.... 5)i®6
450 Mansfield 24@»o
200 Mahogany ~t%
65 Mexican 17^»ai7%
500 Ophir 44^@15
260 Phoenix 2®l%
40 Prussian 3
115 Poorman OS
100 Pauper IX
455 Raymond 4c Ely. ...44®4o
100 SPeak 1
250 S Chariot l®75o
100 Tiger I
20 TJaion 6>i
50 Wa«h & Creole 62.^0
400 Webloot 40®37^ic
SALES OF LAST WEEK AND THIS COMPARED.
THURSDAY, A.M., Jukk 17.
310 Andes 3«@3X
10 Ali.ha 17J4
1235 Best A Belcher... .48@J9
75 Belcher .27
10 million 39
115 Baltimore Con 4&'a5
170 Con Virginia 38SP"'
600 Cosmopolitan.. .42^1
hlO Onollar 8
1725 California 5
1J50 Crown Point 30& ,
20C1'nudence 17@l7Ji
1.0 Caledonia 1"
425 D.yton .2%;
40 llii le A Norcrosa
230 Gould&Ourrv 17al8
100 Julia 13J»@I4
205 Knickerbocker.. Z%<&i%
100 Kentuck 133f
20 KoBsuth 75o
160 L. dv Bryan 3«®3%
40 LadyWasii 1)4
4fi5 Mtxioan I9ji@19>*
150 Mint 3o@37^o
7005 Marj-land 75c
,....30c
200 N CurBon...
75 Niagara
190 New York 2@2>6
215 Occ dental 3^
2025 uphir 50@5i
95 Overman 6l&6lJi
12-i" Rock Island ?ws
60 Savage 106®n0
6lii Sierra Nevada... 13®i3^
100 Union Con 6%
600 wo dvitle 234@2?i
20 Yellow Jackec 7<
AFTEHNOON 8E39ION.
160 Best k. Belcher 48^
60 Crown Point..... 30
230 California ... .57>i@5 i^
10 Con Virginia ,.3Sfi
1950 Kureka Con 48Wo*.',3
75 Empire I HJ4
230 G-uldA Ourryl7^@l7^
1770 Gila W®VA
120 Illinois Con ticae1*
250 J ckson 2l4
150 K KOon S'dSH
fcOO Leopard 14fu)l4^
i':60 Mah.'gany. 9§9M
40 Meadow Valley. 6J(
390 Mexican 18@18!t
755 Ophir 47M®48
470 Poorman 7Ji@8>j
600 Pauper l^ttW
170 Rye Patch. l^tSlX
145 Raymond A Ely. 43@4tK
300 RockLland h
130 Sierra Nevada. 13W@13H
340 fcouth Chariot... IX®1%
500 Tiger BI^c
200 Webfoot 37)$c
THURSDAY, a.m., June 24.
220 Andes ,3
50 Alpha 16)4
1010 BestA Belcher. ...41@i3
460 Belcher 25®25M
46' Baltimore Con 4®4£
420 Bullion 4(1
4390 California 54@54^
140 Chollar 6&970
WO Caledonia Iti
12'0 Crown Point 26M@27
100 O nfidence 15)4
845 Con Virginia 308®313
620 Daytoc .2H&2H
100 Daney 50c
50 Empire Mill 4'o
14-5 Uould & Curry. l.%'.j
25 Hale A, Norcross...33@34
HsC Imnerial ',^'a-i^
6,j Justice 82)4
195 Julid U'0(a;12>
20 Kentuak 13
50 Kossuth 75o
4u Knickerbocker. 3
50 Lady Bryan 2%
30 Maryl.nd.... 75c
9oO Mexican 17(2)17 H
220 New York lli@2
216- Ophir M%®\\
50 Orig Gold Hill 7l!4
35 Overman 6T@i7>J
100 Phil Sheridan. 1
650 Prospect 4>£
100 ROL-k Island 9
145 Sierra Nevada.
20 Seg Btlcher...
50 S Hill
SO Succor
275 Union Con 6-i®K^
l85Utan 5^
.11 H@ 12
76
AFTEHNOON SESSION.
I Belmont 41^4*5
' Best & Belcher 4l'^i2
! ConVir 30o^@312
i Crown Point 26W-27
l CalHornia 537*i@54
i Eureka Con 60^61
! Gulden Chariot.- 3 S'«3;'a
l Uila 4)4@1?4
I Illin-iisCen 6®BfS
> Imperial 7 .
I Jaukson 15<
i Jefferson 3^@5Ji
K K«:on 4iai4^
Leopard U
Mansfield 25c
Meadow Valley 6
Mexican 17i^®17?a
' Overman 5'tiwi67
Pauper VA
■ Phoenix iaf
1 Poorman 6J4®6>
■ S Chariot I
' S Cord 2M®3
The Mining. Stock Market.
The mining share market continues dull and
has been in a more depressed condition for the
past week than for some time. The break in
Consolidated Virginia, the leading, highest
price stock on the list, has decreased confidence
to Borne extent, and transactions are few. Prices
are lower than they have been for some time
with no present signs of improvement. How long
this state of things will last, of course no one
oan tell, but the brokers will probably get up a
new deal tbis fall, for their business will be
broken up if the market continue* long as it is.
Kews from the Comstock mines continues favor-
able, with no special developments to note.
Everything seems to be going on as usual there;
new hoisting and pumping machinery is being
put in place, and the companies all seem to be
working away irrespective of any stock board
influence.
i!n Mexican 16l4(^< .
10 New York ?&>
l'O Occidental 3)go.3H
2615 uphir 'L'(rjij
120 Overman., 57{oi58
650 Prospect ,. .,*%
310 Ophir 47'4(3i479i
225 fhcenix.... 2
600 Panther Xi&
20J Poorman 6)£
100 Pauper ]-■«
250 Prussian 3
lv.ni Ra>mond & Ely....42®45
20 Rye Patch... i#
25 Si, Patrick ...13*
250 SChanoi lJSail
300 Tyler 87^0
60 War .Eagle IJi
WEDNESDAY a.m. Jone23.
390 Andes 3@3>£
30 Alpha II
60 Belcber 25«
250 B A Belcher. . . .44J4(gH4 '3
6,5 Bullion 41
100 Baltimore Con. ..iHjj^ia
20 Onollar .3*7^
110 Challenge 6
5J Conhdeuce 16
;i75 Crown Point.. .20^(3,23,'^
315 Con Virginia.. ,.3l0^3.'a
200 Cosmopoliian J7'-
8^5 California 56#@56»$
200 ....do b&..46M
150 ....do b 30..57>&®57
5 Caledonia u;1-.
225 Daney..... 50c
325 Dayton 2^@2^
iiQ Empire Mill 4>f
606 Uould ACurry...l6®)6)$
1'50 Imperial ~i%
240 Julia H^®13
30 Knickerbocker ...2%
110 Kentuck 13®12>£
35 Liiiy B yun iiwj-J'4
25L,dyWush 7T..A
1090 Mexican 17^®18
100 Mint ,7.J5o
t8 Mew York 2(3)116
780 Uphir 46,S5i46Ji
20 ....do s5..4b«
300 ....do b 3Q..47®47>4
15 Overman 5U
815 Prospect 4JS
350 Rock Island 8$*®9%
6.5 Savage H5®^6
200 Succor Tr. 1
215 S Hill 7
3U0 Tyler 75c
Jl'O Union Con 6!4®6^
aiO Utnh bhVh-X
610 Woodville Zt*
2000 Wella-Fargo 25»l5c
40 Yellow Jacket 74®72
Progress at the Sutro Tunnel.
The following is the report of. progress in the
Sutro tunnel, for week ending June 15, 1875:
Number of feet Id tunnel, June 8 ,' 9,660
Number of feet driven during week 85
Distance in, June 15, 9,735
Details of work performed are as follows,
heading being 8x10 feet:
Holes drilled 451
Holes bias ted 462
Aggregate depth '. 3,727 feet
Average depth 6 feet
Powder consumed 975 fts
Exploders consumed 462
Bock.— Greenstone porphyry with small
veins of calcppar, blasting reasonably well.
Wateb.— Eighty- six inches flowing. Twenty
inches pouring from the face, retarding work.
[Signed] A. Sutbo, Gen. Supt.
MINING SHAREHOLDERS' DIRECTORY.
o
Compiled every Thursday from Advertisements in the Mining and Scientific Press and.
other S. P. Journals. 1
ASSESSMENTS.— STOCKS ON THE LIST OF THE BOARDS.
Location. No. Ami. Levied. Delinq'rU. Sale. Secretary. Place of Bustne**.
Company.
Belmont M Go
Caledonia SMOo
Dayton GiSMOo
Empire M & M Co
Eureka M ± S Oo
Florida S M Oo
GoldMtGMCo
Nye Oo Nevada
Washoe
Washoe
Washoe
Wash-e
Washoe
Bear Vsl'ey Oal
Golden Fleece GA SMOo Washoe .
Huh ii A Hunt S M Oo Ely District 11
Iowa M Oo
Jacob Little Cons M Co
Julia OASMCo
Ju-tice M Oo
Knickerbocker M Co
Kossuth M Co
Lady Bryan M Co
Leviathan M Co
MintGASM Co
Nevada GASMCo
Nevada Land & M Co,
New Yo-k Coni M Oo
New York M Oo
North Btonroaeld G M Oo
Ophir SMOo
Original Gold Hill M Co
Pioche S M Co
Kock Island GASMCo
SilvprHillMCo
South Chariot M Co
Utah 3 M Co
Washoe
Washoe I
Washoe 22
Wanhoe 15
Washoe 12
Washoe 4
Washae 7
Wa-hoe 1
Washoe 10
Washoe 1
Elko^oNev 17
Washoe 14
Wa-hoo 5
<lal 38
Washoe 29
Washoe 3
Ely District 9
Washoe B
Washoe 6
Idaho 14
Wa:hoe 10
_ 00 May 10
3 00 May 10
1 no June 8
1 00 May 23
6 June 1
75 .Tune 15
50 May I
10 June 16
50 May 7
10 May 13
10 May 31
2 00 May 12
3 00 Ju e '9
1 SO April 27
1 00 June 12
1 00 May 10
50 May 29
20 May 12
25 JuneS
!0 May 14
50 June 22
50 June 22
1 00 Jane 16
2 00 May 14
50 .'uno4
1 00 May 3
1 00 May 19
2 00 June 8
75 June 10
2 00 June 7
June 14
June 12
July 15
July 2
July 9
Jnly20
June 5
July 16
June 15
June 14
June 10
June 15
July 19
Mav29
July 15
June 10
July 6
June 16
JulyS
June 19
July 27
July 27
July 26
June 17
July 9
June 10
June 21
July 11
Jul v 13
July 9
July 6
July I
Aug 5
July2l
July 31
Ann 10
July 1
Auel6
July9
JnlyT
July 20
JulyS
Aug 19
June IS
Aug 21
June 29
July 28
July 9
July 27
July 8
Angl6
Angle
Aug 13
JulyS
July 28
July 1
July 12
Aug 4
Aug 4
July 30
O H Bogart
R Weeener
W if Dean
W E Dean
A O Byce
L Hermann
J P Oavallier
J P Moore
T L KtmbaU
A D Carpenter
WRTownaBnd
A Noel
Ja« Kennedy
J H Say re
E F Stone
V «wift
F E Lnty
D A Jennings
Jospph Mnguirc
Wm ft Watson
H O Kibbe
H O Kibbe
Thoa Derby
J Marks
W M Helman
O E Elliott
JWiiliA
W E Dean
F Swift
WE Dean
402 Montgomery s&
414 California et
419 California tC
419 California at
303 California at
330 Pine st
513 Californiast
320 California Bt
409 California at
605 Clay st
330 Pine st
419 California at
Merchants' Ex
6teven<on'» Bldg
419 California st
4)9 California st
507 Montgomery st
401 California st
419 California at
302 Montgomery st
419 California at
419 California st
320 California at
419 0all'ornisst
401 California st
419 California st
418 California at
419 California at
419 California st
419 California at
!o
OTHER COMPANIES— NOT ON THE LISTS OF THE BOARDS.
BanderetaM A M Co Oal 1 25
Champion ions M & S Co Nevada I 1 00
ChvyeopoliaG & S M Co Washoe 10 10
Cosmo, ohtan M Co Washoe 1 25
< 'harry Creek M A M Co Nev 3 25
C"r<lillera G &. S M Oo Mexico 10
Edi rn Q M Co Cal 4 25
El Dorado W & D G M Oo Cal 9 10 00
Emma H i'l Oons M Oo Utah 2 50
Equitable Tunnel & M Co Utah 10 25
Florence M C0 Humboldt Oo Cal 2 10
Fresnn QM Oo Fresno Co Oal 2 25
Geneva Cons SM Co Nevada 25
Gold Run M Oo Waahoe 12 15
IiahoSMCo Inyo 0> Cal 1 10
Illinois Central M Oo Id«ho 3 75
Ladv Wxshington M Co Washoe 4 50
Lake O > Quicksilver M Co Cal 6
Lon Prietos M Co Cal 3
Morning Star G i S II Co Cal 25
Mount Savage M Co Utah 2
North Carson S M Co 1
Northerly Five-Cent Hill M Co Oal 2
Omega Table Mountain M Co Oal 6,
OrkMiiB M Oo Grass Valley Cal *5
Pioneer Cons M Co Eureka Nev 3
Red Jacket M Oo Idaho 1
i-c -rplon S M Co Washoe
Silver central OnnsM Co Washoe 1
South Overman S M Co Washoe 2
Starr King S M Co Elko Oo Nevada 11
Tahle Mourn 11 in Alpha M Co Cal 7
Umpir- Tunnel £ M Oo Utah 4
Uni-n Gr 1 vol M Co Nevada Co Oil 10
"Virginia Con- M Co Inyo Oo Oal
Weaverville D As H M Co Cal 6
Win Penn Cons 1USMO0 Washoe 3
Wyoming G U Oo Nevada Oo Oal 6
10
25
1 00
10
25
2'
5
2 00
in
so
25
5
Jnne 17
May 7
May 7
June 9
May 18
May 8
June 3
June 3
June 14
May 12
Miy 15
June 14
May 13
June 5
June 4
May 21
June 16
May 10
June 2
June 21
June 12
May 12
May 31
Jnne 8
May 30
May 18
May 21
May 26
May 10
May 11
May 21
J nne 5
Miy 20
MayS
*pril2l
May 4
May 19
May 11
Julv 17
July 6
June 10
July 13
June 21
June 18
July 19
JulyS
July ,9
June 16
June 10
July 24
June 14
July 12
Julv 3
June 21
July 20
June 18
Ju'y9
July 24
July 2ft
June 16
JulyS
July 13
July 6
June 23
June ?5
June 30
June 15
June 12
June 26
July IB
July I
June 14
June 1
June?
June 28
June 12
Aug 2
July 24
June 29
JulyS
July 15
July 3
Augll
Ju!y 22
Angl9
July 7
July 7
Aug 14
June 30
July 30
July 2)
July 12
Ang9
JulyS
July 31
Aug 14
Aug 17
Jnly 7
July 19
Aug 2
July 23
July 13
Jnly 16
Jnly 21
July 6
June 29
July 17
Aug 2
Auk 2
Jnly 6
June 28
July 7
July 20
June 30
.1 W Tripp
J M Buitfngton
A Noel
M Landers
D F Verdenal
Henry R Reed
Wm Stuart
H Flia^
L O Fowler
C S Healy
J E Dele van
R Wetrener
I TMilliken
O O Palmer
Daniel Buck
R H Brown
H O Kibbe
Andrew Baird
S H Smith
O H Bogart
D F Verdenal
Nathan l>eieh
J M Baffintrton
David Wilder
G P Thurston
O S Neal
Wm Willis
G R Spinney
L Hirmann
D Wilder
L Kanlan
L*>ander Lsavitt
Wm S*nall
T Derby
T H Wingard
F H Rogers
J F Pope
J M Bufflngton
40B California st
311 California at
419 California st
507 Montgomery st
409 California st
321 WaahiiiEton st
ll:l Lei'-lpBdorfTst
4Ifi Montgomery st
302 Montgomery st
Merchant-*' Ex
220 Montcomery at
4l4 0>liforoiast
302 Montgomery st
4! Market st
331 Montgomery it
402 Montgomery at
419 California st
916 California st
6 Montgomery Av
402 Montgomery at
409Carif'.rni&st
416 California st
311 California st
Merchnnts* Ex
315 California st
419 California st
419 California st
320 California Bt
330 Pice Bt
Merob ants' Ex
Merchants' Ex
401 California st
531 California Bt
320 California at
318 California st
330 Pine at
421 Montgomery st
311 California st
'.":
MEETINGS TO BE HELD.
Name of Co.
Alpha Oon<> M Oo
Alps S M Co
Baltic Cons M Co
Blue Jacket M Co
Chry* polis G 4 S M Co
Oons Reforms L A S M Oo
Location.
Washoe
Washoe
Excelsior Q M
Florence M C(
Co
Co
Fo bestown cons M A M Oo
Imperial S M Co
Muhogany M Oo
Monquiio II AQMOo
Pauper M Oo
Poorman G & S M Co
Pride of Wa-hn<» G A S M Co
Rock IslnndGASMOo
Union Con- M Co
Washington A Creole M Oo
Cal
Cal
Washoe
Idaho
Butte Co Cal
Idaho
Cal
Washoe
Washoe
Waahoe
Ely DiBt
Secretary,
Wm Willis
O D Squire
B Bums
O J Eaton
('alted by Directors
A D Carpenter
R VonPfl-ter
Scau Sutton
A AHickox
W E Dean
Called by Trustees
Chas S Healey
Called by Trustees
Wm Willis
Wm E Moody
J W Clark
J m Bufflngton
F D Cleary
Office ill S- P.
414 California st
Stevenson's Bldg
507 Monigoraery at
'721% Market st
419 Calif r iast
& 15 Clay Bt
Merchants' Ex
220 .Montgomery st
419 California st
4"2M"nt'gyst
MerchaoK Ex
■102 Mont'gy st
419 C liforn a fit
412 California Bt
418 C. Morula st
311 l.alifon iast
Merchants' Ex
Meeting-.
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Special
Annual
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Special
Annual
Special
Annnal
Special
Annual
Annual
Annual
Date.
June 21
June 2S
Jun« 22
Julv 9
July!
Julv 5
Jure 2d
July IT
Jnne 29
June 14
July- 1
June 21
Julyl
June 28
June 39
JulyS
July 17
July 1*
LATEST DIVIDENDS (within three months)— MINING INCORPORATIONS.
Name of Oo.
Alps S M Co
Belcher M. Co.
Blaok Bear Quarts
Chariot M A M Co
Co s Virginia M Oo
Crown Point M Co
Diana M Oo.
Empire M Oo
Eureka Coninlidated M Co
Excelsior MA M Oo
Jeffer-on S M Co
Leopard M On
Manhattan S M"Co
Northern Belle MiMCo
Oneida M Oo
Rye L'atoLi M Co
Location. Secretary.
Washoe O D Squire
Washoe. H. O. Kibbe,
Cal W L Oliver
Cal Frank Swift
Washoe Chaa H Fish
Washoe OE Elliott
N. C. Fa«aet
Cal D A Jennings
Nev WWTraylor
Frank Swift
O A Sankey
R H Brown
Nevada Cha-< S Neal
W Willis
L Kaplan
Nevada D F Verdenal
Office In S. V.
Stevenson's Bldg
419 Oahiorma st
4i9 California st
401 California st
414 California st
220 ■» Hay at.
40r California Bt
419 California st
419 California at
331 Montgomery st
419 California at
419 0<ilifo'niast
MercfmntB' Ex
409 California st
Amount.
40
3 00
25
40
10 00
2 00
1 00
50
1 00
1 00
50
50
1 00
1 00
Payable.
June 2i
Jan II
June 17.
Nov 16
Jnne It
Jan 19
Jan. 26
June IS
June 1
April II
May 15
Ju e IS
Jnne iS
June II
June 21
Marl
INING lUMMARY.
A Philadelphia papor manufacturer intends
putting up a mill on the line of the Los An-
geles and Independence railroad for the pur-
pose of manufacturing the fiber of the cactus
into paper palp. The experiment has already
been tried, and an excellent quality of paper
is the result.
The new steamer Mt. Eden, built in Stock-
ton and intended to run between this city and
Mt. Eden, Alameda county, made a trial trip
last Friday. Her machinery worked in the
most satisfactory manner.
AFTEHNOON 8E8BION.
20 Belmont 4%
2.S0 B 4 Belcher.... «K@43J*
200 ..do b IQ.AZXtgHi
The directors of the Woodland, Clear Lake
and Humboldt railroad are at work scouring
the right of way foi the section between Wood-
land and Capay.
Thb work of laying track on the Stockton
and lone railroad is in progress, and the work
of grading is being pushed ahead vigorously,
Thb following is mostly condensed from journals pub-
lished in the interior. 1 n proximity to the mines mentioned
California.
BUTTE.
Minino. — Oroville Mercury, JnDe 18: We
learn from good authority that bat a very small
part of the gold that comes from the rock
crashed at Forbestown is, or can be saved by
the process now in ase there. While the rock
pays them well for crushing, the tailings show
that twenty, and even as high as fifiv dollars to
the ton is lost. The gold is very fine and light,
and thus much of it passes away. The owners
will ase every endeavor to find some means to
remedy the defects that now exist in their
machinery.
CALAVERAS.
Gbavel Mining. — Calaveras Chronicle, Jane
19: The increased supply of water, consequent
upon the late raios, has stimulated gravel min-
ing in this vicinity into unwonted activity.
Work is being pushed forward with great vigor
in all the claims, and the prospects are favor-
able for the continuation of operations for
several months before the water fails. Excel-
lent results are being obtained upon every
hand.
Rich Bock. — Some of the richest quartz we
ever saw is now being taken from the San
Rro.no mine at Mosquito. The rock is taken
from a winze being sunk in the bottom of the
level,
TrjNNEL Commenced. — The work of running
a bedrock tunnel in the Emerson hydraulic
claim in Happy valley, to admit of the laying
■:.■
lil
iii'
ii
Ii
bl
■A
hii
::■-,
IN
0 t
'iii
»,
:•-[;
:■;
-ii
tOTl
K-i
of the Same to the gravel bank, has been com-
menced. The tunnel will be about three hun-
dred and fifty feet in length, and is all now '
lacking to put the claim in condition for work* f '''
ing. »'■
West Point Disteiot. — The new working W,
shaft of P. Novella & Co. 's mine has attained bio
the depth of 70 ft. Steam hoisting works will », h
now be erected. Mr. Carey has reached the ■ Kfnj
water level and new ground in the Doyle mine, ill,
Machinery is already in position, excepting a i.-.r
fine pump which is on the ground. Main shaft ' kit1
of Anderson Flat mine down 125 ft. Ore very !■,
good. The mine employs over 20 men. The ' iji,
former Lookwood, upon which a large amount lwn
of capital was expended by San Francisco p»T- nil;
ties, years ago, was relocated by Mr. kal(
Mouohamp. Be has been sinking some 150 ft.' \wn
south of the former works, extracting consider* 1 i* {
able good ore, worth about $40 a ton. He iii l(t^,
now running a level ncrth, which is developing ittc,
a large body of high grade ore. A large force ' fjj,
is employed by the Enterprise Consolidated!' it^
Steam hoisting works will be placed on thei tfaQ,
new shaft without delay. The company arei lbj0,
now determined to develop this valuable mine, < i^
Mina Rica, in a proper manner. Field's tun-: nj
nel continues to yield rich ore. Nearly 100 1 n j
tons of Josephine ore have been crushed. The tyi^.
rock yielded in the neighborhood of $20 per ' il- i!
ton. The pay ore in the mine will average 7 ft "'':.. .1.
wide. Steady work for mills and men. KL
Angels. — Calaveras Citizen, June 19 : At
Angels the arrastra mills are continuallyrunning <
and paying well. Pockets are found with ;
about the old regularity.
Rathgkb's. — Operations at this mine are so- i
tively carried on, the rock being as rich e> ' I
ever. Water still holds out and the ten-stamp
mill is kept going day and night,
HissiHs IIine.— At West Point the Hasklna ..
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
413
mine is yielding it* customary rich rock. They
are engraved in crashing a few loads of ore
which will pay to the tone of $10,000. The
owners are also opening another leid at Skull
Flat which promises quite aa well as the
Champion.
Thorp Mink. — This mine, sinoe coming into
possession of a new company, is being worked
as formerly, owing to the anticipated failure of
water soon. "We understand that during the
cummer all preparations will be completed for
sinking the main shaft an additional 200 ft.
Th^s is what the mine wants, and experienced
miners are confident that, properly developed,
this mine will prove one of the most permanent
In the State.
INYO.
Happy. Vallkt. — Panamint News, Jane 15:
For a commencement to onr report this week
of the Panamint mines we will take our
readers over into Happy valley to look at
mines there. The Dempsey, owned by Tipton
k. Cannin. is situated near the head of the
canon and abont a half a mile northwest from
the Hudson River, owned by the S. V. M. k
W. Co , and is one of the oldest location?.
For the amount of work done upon tbe Demp-
aey. it is showing up finely, ana gives promise
of beine one of the leading minea in the dis-
trict. The vein is from 12 to 20 ft in width;
the ore is of the black sulpharets character,
•nd will asBay $60 to $500 per ton, A good
force of rn-n are now at work in tunneling and
cross-cutting the vein.
Thk Surprise, one of the two la My bonded
by £. P. Bains for $100,000, is looking even
better than was expected. We were shown a
piece of ore taken from this mino a day or two
[ Ago whioh will probably weigh 35 pounds. It
is one of the very finest specimens of black
snlpbnrets and chloride ore we have seen in
this distriot, and is certainly good enough to
diepel any doubts the best of critics may have
in the riohness of our ores. Since our last
report (June 1st), the tunnel has been run in
10 ft farther, making its total length 35 ft.
Too mountain at the point where tbe tunnel is
started is almost perpendicular, and from the
opening to the top, a distance of 125 ft, good
pre ta shown to the top, and for the who'e
leng'h and width of the tunnel. The tunnel
Is. in on the vein, and is five ft in width by s;x
ft in bight. The vein, however, is at least 10
ft in width, and ore is seen all through the tun-*'
pel without a skip. The ore is considered to
worth and will work at least $100 per ton,
.bout 40 tons of this class of ore have been
ken out from thin tunnel.
From this point, for a distance of 2,000 ft,
he oroppinga are plainly discernible, and are
** bearing for the whole length to the working
lOint on tbe North Star, tbe other mine
ionded by Mr. Bains in connection with the
iorprise, and is on the same ledge. This .mine
hows a vein 20 ft in width at the bottom of
he canon, 1500 ft in depth, where a tunnel has
een run in a distance of 60 ft, thus accom-
'tinning in a few weeks, in the way of explor-
tion, what it took years to do on the great
onanca mines of Virginia City. These two
lines alone, if properly worked, are sufficient
f themselves to make this a prosperous camp,
. Bains having gone below to perfect ar-
gements for the immediate inauguration of
ork upon these valuable mines, Messrs
ipton & Cannin have been surveying for and
nd that as good a road as that leading up Snr-
rise canon can be made at an expense not to
ceed $7,000 or $8,000. The road will start
om the head of Huppy Vallev canon and ter-
inate at the main road in Panamint valley,
ut two and a half miles south of the mouth
Surprise oanon. Men will immediately be
t to work constructing tbe road.
Good mill sites have already been located.
id as there is an abundance of wood and wa-
r there the probabilities are that Happy val-
f will prove a formidable rival to Surprise
ion.
KE.
Phb Gbeat Western Mine. — Russian Biver
Jane 17: Among the prominent quick-
|ver mines of this part of the state is the
eat Western. It is located in Lake county
iiniles south of Middletown and 9 miles north
the new town of Kellogg, in Knight's val-
There are 8 tunnels in the mine, aggro-
Ling not less than 5,000 ft in length. The
ligetit runs 800 ft along tbe ledge; the lowest
ibont 275 ft below the surface. The ledge
>m 10 to 64 ft wide and contains but little
jik not fit lor the furnace. The most of the
Htk is so decomposed that it ornmbles on
i Dg taken out and exposed to tbe air, so that
* is necessary to make it into adobes for
ting. The mine is opened well and is in
working order. But little sloping has
Jin done, and yet 10 000 tons of ore hasaccu-
lllated on the dumps. With a 10-ton Luck-
lrdt furnace and a 35-ton Green furnace the
flie has yielded 1,800 flasks of metal in the
J(. bix months. Another Green furnace is
flr about completed and the Luckhardt will
bjiaken down and replaced with a Green fur-
BJe this summer. There will then be three
Hen furnaces, with a combined capacity for
r<|icing 105 tons of hard rock, or 120 tons of
* bes, every 21 hours. The mine gives em-
P 'tneut to 15 white men and 170 Chinamen-
re is a store and a butcher shop at the mine;
a postoffice and a telegraph office will soon
stablished. The company own 1,500 aores
eavily timbered land abont their mine, on
ich there is a steam sawmill that supplies
n and the neighboring mines with lumber.
r mining locations of the company comprise
Oft of ground, bat the most of the devel-
opments have been made at the northwest end,
as the vein grows richer as it goeB northwest-
erly. This fact leads the owners of an adjoin-
ioe claim (an undeveloped location oalleoi the
"Northwest") to expect to find as rich a de-
posit of ore as is now being worked in the Great
Western.
MARIPOSA.
Tbe Nobth End. — Mariposa Gazette, Jane
19: From a friend who recently came through
the Mariposa estate from Merced to this place,
we learn that since he was there, eight months
ago, the aspeot of the place has entirely
chinked. At the first visit the neighborhood
of the mills, on the river, was the "city of the
dead," but now the busy hum of workmen is
heard and the pleasant olick, click of the air
compressor, as it drives the energetio little drills
1,500 feet away.
Bear Vallkt is looking up, the inhabitants
of that pleasant little village already feel better
than they thought possible a year ago. There
is no doubt bat that the mining interests of
this county are the foundation of our prosper-
ity, and if they are successful the other interests
are bound to have a healthier tone. We have
no doaht of the immense wealth under our
feet, and live in the firm belief that we shall
again see Princeton and Mariposa yielding
their golden treasures. The only road to sac-
cess is by a systematic course of mining, and
that, aided by honest, watchful, economical
management in all departments, from the high-
est to the lowest, will place the Mariposa land
and mining company among the prinoely cor-
porations of the world.
NEVADA.
Abgknta. — Foothill Tidings, June 19: This
extension claim on the Pittsburg lode is to be
opened at once by tunnel; a contract for driv-
ing 500 ft having recently been let. The
Pittsburg itself is better and better as depth
is attained, the ledge being now of good width,
solid, and paying well.
Kentucky. — Black cab rock all cut out, walls
coming into proper shape for permanency,
quartz looking well and on the whole the pros-
pect looking better than ever before in the his-
t >ry of the mine. Such is a brief statement of the
condition of the Kentucky yesterday, as diawn
from conversation with Beveral miners who
work in and about the mine.
•'"Empire. — This old mine, since it came nnder
the management of Mr. David Watt as super-
intendent and Mr. James Bennalleck as fore-
man, has gone steadily forward toward its
ancient standing among the big paying mines
of Grass Valley. On Tuesday a dividend of
50c a share was declared and last month the
mill turned out about $25,000 worth of bullion
from le-s than 1,000 tons of ore. This is one
of tbe best constructed and closest working
mills in the State and the mine, which has been
worked for about 22 years past, bids fair to con-
tinue its usefulness many years longer.
Thk sale of the Yuba mine and mill, above
Washington, which we spoke of as on the tapis
last week, has been consummated, and the
property passes into the Hands of the ne -v
owners and under the charge of Mr. Geo. Lord
as superintendent, to-morrrow. The principal
owners now are Messrs. John and Edward
Coleman, John Polglase, George Lord and D.
N. Coflio, though there are several others who
wished for and obtained a slice in during the
pendency of the trade.
Hew Yobk Hill. — Latest official information
from this mine is to the following effect: The
mill will be ready to start up crushing in 10 or
15 days. The rock in the main shaft is very
hard, consequently sinking progresses slowly.
The ledge in the drift east from the second
level has excellent quality of ore and stopes
west are looking excellently well, ledge very
strong. The upraise, 89 feet from the tunnel, is
in excellent ledge matter, showing heavy sul-
pharets and gold freely. Next week a winze
will be started from the upper tunnel to meet
the upraise from the lower tunnel. This will
improve tbe ventilation and also open oat a
large pay chnte. Baring tbe week 65 tons of
ore were raised, leaving on damps, 167.
PLACER.
Mining. — Placer Argus, Jane 19: Messrs.
Carroll and Dake are now working over Auburn
ravine, from which they expect to get good pay.
Several pans have been washed whioh proved
to be quite valuable in colors. It has been
about, twelve years, we are informed, since it
was washed over the last time. Whether these
gentlemen make it pay or not, the cleaning out
of the ravine will certainly be a benefit to the
town, as tbe accumulated filth of a dozen years
is immense, and if Auburn was not one of the
healthiest places on the continent everybody in
it would be sick. Imagine the stench that
must necessarily arise from two or three feet in
thickness of old socks, clothing, boots and
shoes and all other kinds of rubbish deposited
in a place, and the benefit of a general cleaning
out will be apparent to every one. We hope
they will make eaoh $20 a day. The gold that
has already been taken out of the ravine within
the corporate limits of the town of Auburn, is
beyond computation or calculation, bat it has
been sufficient to make many men wealthy,
and afford a good business for those who sup-
plied the miners, and has built up the hand-
some town of Auburn, one of the finest, most
picturesque and beaniiful on the Pacific coast.
Ditch.— Placer Herald, June 19 : The Auburn
gravel mining and ditch company have their
new ditch completed, tbe pipe all laid. The
big flume on tbe line of the ditch Will be fin-
ished next Tuesday, and the ground sluice be-
fore the last of the week. This company, and
especially Superintendent Hobson, deserve
great credit for tbe energy manifested in this
gicantio undertaking.
The St. Lawrence quartz mill, we under-
stand, is kept running steadily. Tbe oompany
are just now mainly engaged in prospecting for
tbe best paying chute, on which, when settled
npon, they intend to sink.
It is reported that the chrome ledge has
pinched out and work suspended on the mine.
Tbk mill at the Greene mine is just now shut
down. We understand the suspension is only
temporary.
Thk Julian mine, on Jenny Lind fiat, con-
tinues to pan out in payiog quantities, The
20-stamp mill is kept running night and day.
PLUMAS.
Greenville Mining Notes. — Plumas Na-
tional, June 19: As the workiLg of tbe Indian
Valley mine beonmes a little more systematized
it he pp'na to yield handsomely . A clean-up on
last Wednesdav gave $2,500 for 12 days' rnn,
being a net profit of about $84 per day. This
mine has flattering prospeots ahead, and prom-
ises to prove a "bonanzt" to the lucky owners.
The Baker mine shipped $800 this week. The
Greenvil'e mine was cleaning up when our dis-
patch came, with better prospects th»n ever be-
fore for the past two years. The Wolf oreek
oompany will have tbeir new steam stamp mill
ready to commence crushing quartz by Mon-
day next, when we expect to bear of some rich
strikes. Wolforeekis an entirely new quartz
mining district, although its placer mines have
been worked successfully for years past.
SONOMA.
Local Items. — Bassian Biver Flag, June 17 :
W, B. Mathews and Mr. Bryant of the Excel-
sior company (Inyo district) came up from San
Francisco last week, and have succeeded in
settling satisfactorily with the creditors of the
company in this region. Work will soon be
resumed on the mine, and also on the Alhambra.
The Susual company mean business. Work
was resumed this week. Under tbe influence
of the assessment it will be vigorously pushed
till the ledge is reached. The tunnel is now
in a depth of about 120 ft, having reached a
point directly below tbe extensive cropping?.
The tunnel may not reach the ledge for 60 or
70 ft, however, as it is not known how great
the dip is, •
Nevada.
WASHOE DISTRICT.
California. — Gold Hill News, June 17: The
cross-cuts are being gradually extended at all
points on tbe 1500-ft level, and lateral drifts
are being ran to connect the cross-cuts, so as
to afford the most complete ventilation of the
mine in every quarter by tbe time tbe new mill
is completed, ready for the redaction of ore.
On the 1400-ft level the same system of cross
drifts and prospecting is beiog carried out,
which, in connection with the various winzes
already sunk and now being prosecuted at
various points will make it one of the bast
ventilated mines on the Comstock, by the time
everything is in readiness to commence tbe
extraction of its rich ores. Sinking the G. & C.
shaft is making good progress. It is now
down 550 ft. A strong force of stone masons
are employed on the foundations for the ma-
chinery, which are being pressed to completion
with all the vigor possible. The erection of
the new mill is also making rapid headway.
Belches. — Daily yield, 400 tons of ore.
There is no change of interest or value in the
character of the ore extracted, or the general
appearance of the ore producing sections of tbe
mine. The main north drift on tbe 1500-ft
level is being rapidly driven ahead to connect
with the south drift on the same level from the
Crown Point, for ventilation purposes. Prep-
arations are also being made for the commence-
ment of ore stoping on the 1500-ft level. The
main incline is down 50 ft below the 1600-ft
level, the bottom in good working ground.
The 1600-ft station is being opened, prepara-
tory to commencing the development of that
level. The air shaft is completed down to the
1200-ft level. The mills are all kept steadily
running on ore from the mine, and everything
in and about the mine is in fine working condi-
tion.
Lai>y Bbyan.— The south drift on the 380-ft
level is being steadily advanced, following tbe
east wall of the ledge. The west cross-cut on
this level has penetrated the ledge a distance of
85 ft, tbe entire distance through quartz of tbe
Onest possible character, and containing some
fine streaks and bunches of ore. The west
cross-cut on the 80-ft level has penetrated dnr-
iog the week several ft of fine ore, and the ap-
pearances are excellent for finding a valuable
body of pay ore at that point.
Tbot Consolidated. — Shaft 250 ft deep, and
making good progress downward. The last 25
ft has been in very promising ledge matter,
7 ft of which, including the bottom of tbe
shaft, is in vein material which gives assays
from $14 to over $100 to the ton. This may
develop or concentrate into a nice liitle
bonanza of itself, bat the regular main ledge of
the mine lies to the westward, and the shaft is
to be sank to the depth of 500 ft before drifting
for it.
Cbown Point. — Daily yield between 550 and
600 tons of ore. The ore breasts continue
their usual yield, without any signs whatever
of exhaustion, the indications if anything
tending to show an improvement in the quality
of the ore extracted, tbe yield for the pas
month beins; over $50,000 above the cost of ex-
traction and milling. The increased prospects
of the ore vein on the 1600-ft level is also giv-
ing strong hopes of a paying body of ore when
the ledge is reached on the 1700-ft level. The
mills are all kept steadily running up to their
full working c <pac ty. and tbe general outlook
of the m;ne is certainly more prosperous than
for some time past.
Consolidated Yiboinia. — Daily yield, 600
tons of ore. The ore breasts throughout the
mine are all looking well, and show no abate-
ment in either the quantity or quality of ore
extraoted. No work is yet being done on the
1550-ft level, with the exoeption of tbe raising
up of a winze 12 ft square fir air purposes.
This winze is passing through fine ore and is
rapidly approaching completion. The pros-
pecting of the upper levels of the mine is very
nearly completed, ro that but little now remains
*o be done exoept to extract aod mill tbe ores.
The mills are nil kept running up to their full
working capacity, and the yield of bullion will
not vary much from $1,500,000.
Caledonia. — Sinking tbe main incline is
making steady progress, the bottom in good
working ground. Sinking the new shaft is
considerably impeded by the steady, strong
flow of water at the bottom. Preparntions for
the erection of the new and powerful hoisting
machinery are being pushed ahead with all the
vigor possible.
Gould & Cubbt. — The erection of the new
and powerful hoi-ting engine is completed.
This, taken in connection with tbe new and
powerful pumping machinery recently stared
up, places everything in and about the mine in
the finest possible working condition.
Ophib. — Daily yield, 150 tons of ore. Tbe
ore breasts and stones on the 1465-ftl vel show
no change of value daring the week. Driv-
ing the east cro*s-cut on the 1700-ft level is
malting steady headway, with s^me more favor-
able indications of reaching the ore vein at
no distant day. The hea^y drefs-d etone
blocks for tbe reception of ihe new aod power-
ful incline machinery, are in place ready for its
reception.
Sierra Nevada. — Sinking the new shaft is
making steady and favorable progress, tbe rook
in the bottom blas'ing out fiue'y aDd there
b^ing no water whatever to interfere. The
erection of tbe Dew and powerful air compress-
ors is very nearly completed.
Baltimore and American Flat. — The pros-
pects < i a favorable ore development in the
south drift on the fourth station level is grow-
ing better every day. The body of ore recently
struck by the cross-cut from the bottom of the
winze below the third station level, is of a fine
quslity, and is gradually widening out.
Chollab-Potosi.— Sinking the main incline
is progressing at tbe rate of two feet per day.
The main south drift", on both the 1150 and
1250-ft levels, are being steadily driven for-
ward, the face of bjth in porphyry. Daily
yield, 70 tons of ore, of the assay value of $29
per ton.
Flobida. — Struck tbe east clay wall at the
400-ft level in the face of tbe main drift west,
which is now going into it and the ou'skirts o(
the ledee about 7 ft. Indications very promis-
ing. The new machinery i8 in working posi-
tion and operates splendidly.
Dayton. — The dressed stone blocks for the
reception of the machinery are all in place.
The frame of the new hoisting works building,
46x100 ft in size, is finished, and the erection
of the machinery can now be rapidly pushed
to completion.
Amazon.— The shaft is down 209 ft vertically,
at whioh point a cross drift has been ran 60 ft,
at the end of which fhe ore vein was struok,
developing a fine prospect of good ore. This
body of ore has been penetrated a distance of
10 ft, the face of the drift a ill in ore.
Leo. — Excellent progress is being made in
sinking the winze, which is to-diy down 118
ft, following the pitch of the vein below the
main tunnel level.
Phil. Shebidan. — The face of the drift is
evidently in tbe outskirts or immediate vicinity
of the main' ledge, judging from the material
now being passed tbrongh, whioh is soft
porphyry, clay and quartz, from whioh assays
of $20 and over are being obtained.
Julia. — Sinking tbe main shaft is making
good progress, the rook in the bottom being
touch softer. The work of putting in anoiher
lift pump at tbe 1200-ft station is rapidly ap-
] ro icbiug completion.
Woodville Cons.— Sinking the main shaft is
making steady progress. A considerable body
of quartz with streaks of rich ore has been en-
countered during the week, without yet reach-
ing the west wall of tbe ledge.
New Yobk Cons.— The grading for the new
and powerful hoisting and pumping machinery
is about completed, and the mason work for
the foundations will be commenced next Mon-
day.
South Califobnia.— The sinking of the
shaft procresses at a very good rate, the rook
at the bottom blasting well. The new hoisting
works machinery contracted for will soon be on
the ground.
Seg. Gold Hill.— Another good body of
ore, better than the first, has been run into, in
drifting at the 4C0-ft level Ic assays over $50
to the ton, and is an important development.
Succob.— The face of the west drift on the
550-ft level is still in porphyry. The ore in
the face of the north drift from the old shaft
continues to show an improvement.
Jacob Little Cons.— Tne ore body devel-
oped by Ihe west drift is opening out solen-
didly, with well defined wall and continued im-
provement in ihe character of the ore.
Obiginal Gold Hill.— The southern cross-
cut from the main south drift is now in excel-
lent ore, which is opening out finely. North
drift going ahead as usual.
414
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
Railway Progress.
Notwithstanding the fact that the continent
of Europe is now well covered with lines of
railroads; that 8,000 miles of railroads have
been constructed in England within the last
fifteen years; that France and Italy have
pierced Mont Cenis to effect a closer and
more direct railway union; that Austria is car-
rying new lines aoross the plains of Hungary,
while Russia is occupied with extensive
Bchemes for connecting St. Petersburg and
Moscow with her Black Sea ports on the one
hand and with the frontier towns of her Asiatic
empire on the other— notwithstanding all this
great and rapid progress in Europe, the rail-
road mileage of the United States, with a pop-
ulation of 40,000,000, fully equals that of Eu-
rope with a population of 282,000,000.
In British India about 5,000 miles of railroad
have been laid fcdown within the last sixteen
years, while great achievements have been per-
formed in the British provinces on this conti-
nent.
Official reports show that no less than
70,651 miles of railway were in use in the
United States at the end of 1873. The degree
to which large cities are now dependent upon
railroads for the Bupply of food is exhibited by
some startling statistics recently published in
London, from which it seems that great city is
fed by railroads from day to day, having never
more than a few days' supply of provisions on
hand at any time. A railroad strike in that
city would starve the population into submis-
sion in a week. All that an invadiDg army
would have to do to completely reduce the
largest city in the world would be to cut off her
railroad communication for a few days. Were
the full statistics of a similar character col-
lected for our American cities, the result would
no doubt be almost equally astonishing^
Great efforts are now being made to avoid
the accidents which have been so alarmingly
frequent during the past. Improved rails,
switches, couplings, danger signals, brakes,
etc., are now being introduced, the beneficial
effects of which are already beginning to be felt.
The introduction of the steel rail is of much
greater importance than was that of the T-
rail in avoiding the "snake-heads" of the old
fashioned flat rail. By these and similar im-
provements two important objects are gained —
an increase of speed and decrease of danger.
The Pennsylvania road between New York
and Pittsburg— 444 miles— has recently laid
down 60-pound steel rails, with improved ties,
ballast, joints, etc. By the aid of these im-
provements, with heavy and improved locomo-
tives, the distance is now made in eleven
hours, including stops — an average of over 40
miles an hour, or double the speed of our Cali-
fornia roads. The locomotives on this road
dip up their water as they run, and there is
probably no railway in the world of equal
length whoEe passengers are carried, more ex-
peditiously, speedily or luxuriously.
Steel Rails for California.
It is gratifying in this connection to be able
to state that California is also making progress
in the way of railway improvement. The
Southern Pacific railroad company of this
State has recently contracted with the Penn-
sylvania steel company and the Bethlehem
iron company for 10,000 tons of steel rails —
5,000 from each company — to be used in con-
tinuing the line of the road south of Los
Angeles in the direction of Fort Yuma, the
southern terminus of the road, at the junction
of the Colorado and Gila rivers. The distance
by rail from San Francisco to Fort Yuma is
722 miles. At Fort Yuma the Southern Pacific
will probably connect with the Texas Pacific
(Col. Scott's road), and farther north, at Fort
Mohave, on the Colorado river, another eastern
connection is expected to be made in time.
The steel rails ordered are to weigh fifty pounds
to the yard, and the quantity ordered will lay
100 miles of single track, including sidings. The
rails will be shipped by sailing vessels around
Cape Horn.
We hope that this transaction may be but the
beginning of a large trade in steel rails and
iron and steel products generally between the
East and the Pacific coast. The States and Terri-
tories of the Pacific slope oonsum aunually
about 300,000 tons of iron in all forms, and
until they are ready to make their iron and
steel it would certainly be wise for them to buy
their supplies from sister States rather than
from foreigners.
Leatheeettk. — This new patent imitation
of leather, which has already been fully de-
scribed, is alluded to in a late number of the
British Trade Journal, as follows:
Specimens of leatherette, a capital imitation
of leather, have been submitted to us during the
past month, and make evident that some im-
provements have been effected in the manu-
facture which seem to justify further notice.
Briefly then, this leatherette is now dyed
throughout, the surface — representing with
wonderful fidelity the natural grain of leather —
is more defined, and while the fabric haB been
strengthened, greater softness and a more
leather-like feeling have been imparted to it.
It is thus admirably fitted for use by bqok-
binders, and in many- trades which have* ve
course to what we may term fancy leather,.
Tin— Its Manufacture and Supply.
Tin plate or sheet tin forms one of the most
important branches of England's domestic in-
dustry, supplying the world with thiB indis-
pensable material; for millions of boxes, con-
taining 112 pounds each, are exported annually
from there, and a miHion boxes are yearly
imported into the United States, The tin
plate consists of sheet iron, alloyed and coated
externally with pure tin. Sheet iron of the
best quality is cut into Bizes required, bent
into a triangular form, heated to redness in a
reverberatory furnace, dipped into hydrochloric
acid, drained, and again heated to scale the
whole surface. This forms the most important
for the past fifty years been closely watching
this metal. But however attentively it may have
been followed by men of note in mercantile
knowledge, the basis of production has under-
gone such radical changes that all calculation
has been set at naught, and the persons who
took courage from statistical arguments and
confidently held tin, have quite recently ex-
perienced heavier losses on this metal than any
other, if we except quicksilver, which declined
fifty per cent, within the past few months.
Tin has proved all the more treacherous,
both to the consumptive and speculative
holder, as its use in reality has rapidly in-
creased; but as production has also been ex-
cessive, the downward course of the article has
remained unchecked, except during short pe-
riods of temporary recovery.
The English mines ate becoming more and
more unprofitable, yet they are struggling on.
(2^.2
SNYDER'S LADIES' WORK TABLE, IN USE.
operation, for any trace of oxide would prevent
the adhesion of the tin. They are then beaten
level and smooth, passed cold through chilled
rollers, immersed in lye, a weak bath of fer-
menting bran water, pickled by agitation for
some time in a bath of diluted sulphuric acid,
scoured in water with sand and hemp, and
kept for use in pure water. The clean plates,
dried by bran, are kept in a bath of melted
tallow, called a grease pot, for an hour, and
then passed through a series of rectangular
pots. The first is the tin pot, containing the
A year's stoppage in Cornwall would relieve tin
production of a surplus supply of 10,000 tons.
The Banca production ranges annually between
3,000 and 4,500 tons.
The Malacca supply ranges between 7,000 and
10,000 tons.
The Australian production has been rapidly
on the increase. The yield of 1874 was 5,800
tons, against 2,990 in 1873.
From latest accounts the demand in Europe
continues good, and the deliveries are large,
but the arrivals still keep pace with them.
SNYDER'S LADIES' "WORK TABLE. CLOSED.
melted block tin, covered with grease, into
which the plates are dipped one by one, and
kept there one hour and a half; then they are
put on an iron grating to drain, and dip-
ped into a wash pot containing the fused tin.
Into this the superfluous tin is removed from
the surface. Tne plate is then lifted out,
scoured on both sides with a hempen brush,
dipped for a moment into the melted tin in a
compartment of the wash pot to remove the
marks of the brush and give uniform smooth-
ness to the surface, and then immersed in the
adjoining grease pot, where some superfluous
tin is removed, and collects on the lower edge.
The plate is next put into an empty pot to
drain. When cool enough, the lower edge of
the plate is dipped into the hot pot containing
melted tin one-quarter of an inch in depth, by
which the accumulation of tin on the edge is
melted off, leaving a dull edge, which may be
seen on all the sheets. The plates are then
cleaned with bran and packed. About eight
pounds of tin is required to cover 225 plates,
which weigh 112 pounds.
Few articles of merchandise have attracted
as much attention during the past few years as
tin. No one of the metals is so extensively
dealt in by merchants and bankers at large;
hence the best statisticians of Europe and Amer-
ica, not only in the metal trade, but in the
great articles of merchandise in general, have
Upon examination of the general statistics
of tin, it will be found that the supply
has been considerably increased, but while this
has been the case, consumption has, in spite
of the dull times on the other side, been on a
larger scale than was ever before known. If
the general metal trade had been in full swing
in Europe, consumption would probably have
been sufficiently large to keep the aggregate
■visible supply at the same figure at which it
stood January 1st.
The immediate future of tin values will
therefore mainly depend on the whole course
which the metal trade will take in Europe dur-
ing the next few months. Speculators for a
rise seem to find it too difficult to grapple with
the problem of tin values with any degree of
solid success; for the moment a rise of five
per cent, is established, steam via the Isthmus
of Suez hastens the arrival of fresh supplies,
and the advance as rapidly vanishes.
The American consumption of pig tin is so
small at present that little can be expected in
the way of a favorable diversion on this side
during the summer months, while toward fall
greater briskness is likely to prevail, and may
coincide with some speculative movement.
Iron filings in a weak solution of sal ammon-
iac, mixed with Portland cement, are said to
double the strength of the latter.
Explosives.
At the last meeting of the chemical section
of the Society of Arts, in England, for the
present session, a day or two ago, a paper by
Mr. Alfred Nobel, of Paris, on the subject of
"Explosives" was read, in the absence of the
author, by Mr. T. Wills. The paper com-
menced with a retrospective view of the histbry
of explosives invented from time to time to re-
place gunpowder in blasting operations. Con-
nected with the use of ordinary gunpowder
were many advantages which rendered it a
matter of difficulty altogether to supersede it;
yet it had certain defects, in view of palliating
which a long series of explosive materials had
been introduced, most of them having met with
but indifferent success, owing chiefly to the
slowness of their action. A novel class of ex-
plosives had been lately invented by Dr. Her-
mann Springel, which, if not likely at once to
be brought into practical use, presented, in a
scientific sense, a peculiar and startling inter-
est. The first practical substitute for gunpow-
der had been gun cotton, introduced by
Schoenbein, in 1846. The idea of employing
this powerful substance bad at one time been
almost abandoned, until the researches of cer-
tain chemists — notably those of Professor
Abel — had revealed an easy means of rendering
its use perfectly safe. The most formidable
rival which gun cotton had yet encountered
was unquestionably nitro-glycerine, invented
by Sobrero, almost simultaneously with the
production of the former material. Though
nitro-glycerine bad met with much -opposition,
on account of the dangers said to attend its
use. These dangers had been much over esti-
mated. The embodiment of nitro-glycerine in
the solid form of dynamite had. however, after
a long straggle wiih publio prejudice, led to
its very extensive employment as a blasting
agent. A short description of subsequently
discovered substances of a kindred nature here
followed, with a comparative statement of their
relative mechanical explosive powers, ascer-
tained by means of scientifically conducted ex-
periments. From these it would appear that
the highest plaoes on the list of practically em-
ployed explosives is filled by nilro-glycerine. .
The application of detonation to the discharge
of blasting materials was then brought under
consideration, and some full observations on
the various sources of danger liable to occur
during the manufacture, transit, storage, and
use of nitro-glycerine and other explosives oc-
cupied the remainder of the paper.
Ladies7 Work Table.
The accompanying illustrations represent a
new ladies' work table, patented by C. R.
Snyder, of Minneapolis, Minn. The lid of
the table, as shown in Fig. 1, is readily con-
vertible into a lap board by the side arms
turning on a pivot, and resting, when
down, on pins in the table legs. The legs of*
the lap board serve as supports for the table
lid when up, and are then folded under, out of
sight, as indicated in Fig. 2. If desired, the
clap board can be detached from the table and'
used independently, in which case the elonga-
ted side arms become legs. The conformity of
the table to the shape of the lap board gives a
beautiful design for the former, and at the
same time admits of a very convenient arrange-
ment.
The recess in front is used for a double row
of spools, retained in place by brass standards.
The center piece forms a pin cushion. This
recess may be tastefully ornamented. The
divisions over the right hand drawer may be
used for writing utensils, those over the left
drawer for "notions," while the division be-
tween will hold a large quantity of out and
basted work . The inventor may be addressed,
as above, by those who desire to manufacture
these tables.
Cost of Reduction.
We give to our miners, says the White Pine
News, the rates charged at Eureka for the re-
duction of ores, which will aid some of our
mine owners in estimating what kind of ores
will pay for shipment and reduction. It would
Feem from the rates charged that nothing less
than one hundred dollar ore wonld pay for
shipment, which is comment enough to induce
capitalists to build furnaces here, owing to the
fact that there is a large amount of ore already
taken out which will pay from sixty-five to
seventy dollars per ton. There is still another
fact which should be remembered by those
visiting this camp with a view of investing,
which is, that contracts will be made to furnish
any amount of ore that will pay the above
named sums per ton.
The following rates, free of smelting charges,
will be paid for gold and silver bearing ores at
the Eureka AtlaB smelling works:
Ores assaying 60 dollars per ton, 16 per cent, of value1
Ores assaying 00 dollars per ton, 25 per cent, of value*
Ores assaying 70 dollars per ton, 35 per cent, of value-
Ores assaying 80 dollars per ton, 43 per cent, of value .
Ores assaying 00 dollars per ton, 45 per cent, of valne.
Ores assaying 1G0 dollars per ton, 50 per cent, of value.
Ores assaying 150 dollars per toD, 55 per cent, of value.
Ores aBBaying 200 dollars per ton, 58 per cent, of value.
Ores assaying 225 dollars per ton, 60 per cent, of value.
Ores assaying 250 dollars per ton, 62 per cent, of value.
Ores assaying 300 dollars per ton, 63 per cent, of value.
For higher grade ores, rates by special agree-
ment. Lead, over 20 per cent, will be paid
for at the rate of 40 cents a unit, until further
notice.
btt
I itt
j tin
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
415
Qood He4ltH°
A New Medicinal Plant.
A Brazilian plant bearing the Ravage name of
*' Jaborandi " appears to be the coming drag.
It was first introduced into Europe about one
year ago, bat has grown rapidly in estimation
with the medical fraternity since tbat time, so
much so that tbe English wholesale drag
houses are ordering immense quantities of it
from Pemambuco, near which port it abounds.
It is a shrub which grows about five feet high,
with a cylindrical, tapering root, very sparingly
branched, the bark of a pale yellowish color
and very brittle.
Experiments with the drug suggest a carious
relation, partly of analogy but mainly of oppo-
sition, between jaborandi and belladonna. It
resembles atropia in quickening the pulse,
flushing the face, and exerting a more decided
influence on adults than on children. On the
other hand, it is diametrically opposed to
atropia in its actions on tbe salivary, sudoral,
and mammary secretions, on the pupil, and on
the minute arteries. Further, the tendency of
belladonna to cause delirium contracts with
that of jaborandi to cause prostration and
sleepiness. It has been proved that atropia is
able to arrest the flow of saliva canned by jabo-
randi; and Binder found that a dose of the lat-
ter drug speedily removed the dryness of the
mouth In a case of accidental poisoning by
atropia. Sweating after jaborandi may be pre-
vented or checked by the subcutaneous injec-
tion of one-hundreth of a grain of atropia.
As a sudorific the drag is likely to prove of
great value. It may also tarn out to be a trust-
worthy antidote in poisoning by belladonna;
and other virtues, unsuspected aa yet, may be
fonnd to exist in tbe plant when it becomes
betttr known. Hence pharmaceutical, medi-
cinal, and chemical investigators are turning
their attention to jaborandi. Br. Ringer and
some of his associates at the London Univer-
sity College hospital have been experimenting
with the medicine therapeutically. To adults
they have administered doses of from sixty to
ninety grains in the form of infusion, and in
nearly all cases profuse perspiration and most
enormous salivation ensued very rapidly. The
saliva collected from the patients averaged
about an Imperial pint, and in one instance
amounted to twenty-seven fluid ounces. Evi-
dently the medicine is possessed of very im-
portant properties, and it now becomes a ques-
tion of considerable interest to ascertain the
precise principle of the plant to which these
effects are due. Several chemists are working
at tbe subject, and this doubt will therefore
probably be soon cleared up.
Don't Eat Mathematically.
Persons in good health should not eat any
article of food simply because it is "healthy,"
nor avoid any article because some one says it
is "unhealthy;" nature's instincts are a better
and safer guide, for she craves food, the dis_
tlnctive elements of which are needed in the
system; hence no man's likes or dislikes of an
article of diet should be the guide of another,
any more than all soils should require the same
fertilizer, in quality and quantity.
Sometimes, indeed — but rarely in good
health — a man may crave earnestly an article
of food, and after eating it feel uncomfortable;
yet, rather than conclude it did not agree with
him, and discard it, a smaller quantity should
be taken next time, and very often that smaller
quantity, well divided, prepared properly and
eaten slowly will "agree " Bimply because the
system needed only that smaller quantity.
Brown bread is said to be good for many
persons by its keeping the system open and
free; but if a man is well enough in that
respect, he would do well not to eat brown
bread, unless he was fond of it, so as to have
it to fall back upon, should he need its medi-
cinal effect. In short, eat according to the
natural appetite as to quantity and quality,
and not according to artificial rules and regula-
tions.
If a man is an invalid and has a family phy-
sician, it is safer and better to put himself
under that physician's guidance; if he haB no
physician, let him feel his own way, taking
small quantities at regular intervals, and closely
observe the effects- But for both sick and
well, it is just as unwise to measure and weigh
each meal day after day, as it would be to wear
the same amount of clothing and consume the
same amount of fuel every day in the year,
winter and summer. In mature life we eat
for two reasons, to repair wastes and to keep
the body warm; the wastes are in proportion
to the preceding exercise, and the internal
warmth needed is in proportion to the temper-
ature of the atmosphere about the body. If
you eat to-day while idle, and the thermometer
is at sixty, as much as you did yesterday, when
it was at zero, and you worked hard, you will
certainly be sick to-morrow. After all, don't
make a god of your belly, but accustom your-
self to think of eating and what you shall eat,
only when the time for eating comes; a beast
or a glutton may do otherwise, a man will not.
—EaU's Jowrnal,
Thb Ear.— Mr. James Hinton, in his "Phys-
iology," affirms that the passage of the ear
does not require cleaning by uw. Nature un-
dertakes that task, and in the healthy state ful-
fils it perfectly. Her means for cleansing the
ear is the wax, which dries up into thin soales,
and peels off and falls away imperceptibly. In
health the passage of the ear is never dirty, but
an attempt to clean it will infallibly make it
so. Washing tbe ear out with soap and water
is bad; it keeps the wax moist when it ought
to become dry and scaly, and makea it absorb
dust. But the most hurtful thing is the intro-
duction of the corner of a towel screwed op and
twisted around. This proceeding irritates tbe
passage and presses down the wax and flakes
of skin upon the membrane of the tympanum,
producing pain and inflammation and deafness.
Washing should only extend to the outer sur-
faoe, as far as the finger can reach.
The Effect of Emotion.— It is related by
Sprengel in his "Geschichte der Arzneikunde, "
that the Arabian pbysioians sometimes relied
with great success on moral means, of which
the following is a striking instance: One of
Haroun Al-RaBchid's wives suffered from par-
alysis of both arms. Dschibrail, the court
physician, induced the caliph to summon all
the leading nobles to a large hall in his palace,
and then introduced the lady to the assembled
multitude. Without a word of preface he raised
her veil, when feelings of shame and fear re-
stored strength to the palsied arms. Tbe lady
hastily drew her veil down again, and was
cured from that hour.
The Effect of Buckwheat on the Blood. —
Does it drive the impurity of the blood to the
outside, or does it make the blood more im-
pure and, by reason of excess, cause impuri-
ties to come to the surface? Ans. — The harm
is not due to any injurious ingredient in the
buckwheat. It is to be ascribed to tbe large
amounts of butter and fatty matters eaten at
the same time.
UsEfdL If*fOF\J4^J|QN.
Black Walnut Finishing.
The fashionable finish for black walnut
work, particularly chamber sets, is what is
known to the trade as the "dead oil finish."
It is admired, perhaps, because it has a gloss,
rather than a shine of the varnish stamp.
There is no more labor required upon it than
upon a bright finish, but the process of manip-
ulation is different, and harder upon the fin-
gers.
It should be premised that the walnut work
of the day bears upon its surface, to a greater
or less extent, raised panels covered with French
burl veneer. And upon this fact depends the
beauty of the production to a very great extent.
And the effort is, to so finish the article that
there shall be a contrast between the panel and
the ground work on which it is placed. In
other words, the former should be of a light
color, while the latter is of a darker shade. In
that view the palest shellac should be used on
the panels and darker pieceB, liver colored,
etc., on the body of the work. The darker
gTades of shellac are the cheaper and will an-
swer for the bulk of the work, but the clearest
only for the panels.
In commencing to finish a job direct from
the cabinet maker's hand, rough, and innocent
of any knowledge of sandpaper, the panels
should first be covered with a coat of shellac to
prevent the oil in the filling from ooloriug them
dark. Next, cover the body of the work with
a wood filling composed of whiting and plas-
ter of paris, mixed up with japan, benzine and
raw linseed oil, or the lubricating oil made
from petroleum; the whole colored with umber,
to which, in rare cases, if a reddish shade is
wanted, Venetian red is also added. This fill-
ing is then rubbed off with cloths, and by this
process tends to close up the grain of the wood
and produce an even surface. More or less
time should be allowed after each of the sev-
eral steps in the finishing process for the work
to dry and harden, though much less is re-
quired in working with shellac than with var-
nishes composed of turpentine, oil and gums.
But the time allowed is often hurried by the
desire to get the work through as soon as pos-
sible, so that no standard can be set up as to
the number of hours required between each of
the several processes. It would be well if
twelve hours intervened, bnt if the work must
be hurried through in three days, which ten
could well be devoted to, obviously, the pro-
cesses must follow each other in a correspond-
ing haste.
A coating of shellac is then given the whole
work, light on the panels and dark on the body
work, and when it has dried and hardened,
which it does very soon, it may be rubbed
down. This process of "rubbing down" Bhould
be done evenly and carefully, so as not to rub
through the shellac at any point, and is done
with the finer grades of sandpaper for the
cheaper class of work, particularly at first, but
at a later period of the process, and for tbe
better class of articles in all cases, hair cloth
should be used; the material for the "rubbing
down" should be pumice stone moistened with
raw linseed oil for the best work, and the lu-
bricating oil, before mentioned, for cheaper
work or the covered parts of the better grades.
This rubbing down involves Jabor, wear of
fingers and finger nails, and is carried on with
an ordinary bit of hair cloth, the smooth Bur-
face next the wood, and not made in any par-
ticular shape, such as a wad, or ball, or other-
wise. In the corners and crevices where the
hair oloth will not enter it will be necessary to
sandpaper; the finest grades, and worn pieces
only.
Three coats of shellac are put on, followed
each time by this "rubbing down" process,
each one giving the work a smoother feeling
and a more perfect appearance. Afterward, to
complete the whole, a coating of japan, thinned
with benzine, is applied, which giveB a olean
appearance to the work, and the dead glossy
finish.
There is this objection to the above style of
finish, that the japan catches all the dust which
touches it and holds it permanently, so that
many of the best workmen will not have work
finished in this way for their own private
houses, preferring the brighter look made by
shellao and varnish without rubbing down the
last coat, and saying tbat the work can be kept
much cleaner.
The large oval panels of desks, etc., covered
with French veneer, are generally taken out
and finished by themselves. The process is
similar to that above given, successive coats of
shellac, and varnish also, with the oil and
pumice stone "rubbing down"; but the final
part of this latter process is a "rubbing down"
with rotten stone; then a very trifle of sweet
oil is applied all over the surface and wiptd
off. — Cabinet Maker.
Glazing of Pottery Without Lead.
A mixture of feldspar, silex, kaolin and fluor-
spar may be used to glaze bricks and pottery in a
manner as perfect as the common lead glazing,
and much more safe in a sanitary point of
view. When the ingredients are once mixed,
they are ground in cylinders to a powder,
which is passed through a very fine sieve.
This powder, of which the natural color is
white, but to which all the tints can be given,
is mixed with water in a tub, till it presents
nearly the consistency of molding plaster.
The brick, or piece of pottery which is to be
glazed, is then plunged into the mixture. It
adheres, on account of the porosity of the
material, with which it incorporates while dry-
ing. Being placed in earthen forms, they are
exposed in ovens to 1,5000 Fahrenheit. The
heat melts the preparation, and the glazing
spreads uniformly over the surface of the
objects, which only have to be taken out of the
oven to cool.
Bricks treated in this way have great advant-
ages. They are of an unusual strength, and
resist as well the influences of the atmosphere
as the action of the acids. They can success-
fully be employed to cover walls on the inside
or outside, which they preserve completely
from dampness. This method of glazing may
be made available for many industrial applica-
tions.
Domestic EcofJojUY,.
Repairing Rubbers. — Rubber, or even
leather boots, may be repaired by using the
following oement : Take gum shellac three parts,
india rubber one part, by weight. Dissolve
these ingredients in separate vessels, in ether
free from alcohol, applying a gentle heat.
When thoroughly dissolved, mix the two solu-
tions, and keep in a bottle tightly stoppered .
This glue resists the action of water, both hot
and cold, and most of the acids and alkalies.
Pieces of wood, leather, or other snbstances,
joined together by it, will part at any other
point than at tbe joint thus madsl If the glue
be thinned by the admixture of ether, and ap-
plied as a varnish to leather, it renders the
joint of seam water tight, and almost impossi-
ble to separate. Ry cementing a piece of thin
leather or rubber over a crack, a neat and dura-
ble patch may be made. The soles of leather
boots may be made more durable and perfectly
waterproof by soaking them thoroughly, before
a fire, with common pine tar. Three or four
repeated applications are necessary to saturate
the leather, when it completely absorbs the
tar, and the soles are dry and hard as horn,
but quite flexible.
Copying Manuscript.— The following is a
simple way of obtaining copies of writing with-
out the use of a copying press: Mix white sugar
with the ink, one and a half drams sugar to one
ounce ink. Use this with an ordinary pen, and
place over the writing a moistened sheet of un-
sized paper. Lay both leaves between two lay-
ers of carpet; put the whole under a piece of
board large enough to cover. Then stand on
the board for a few seconds. An excellent im-
pression will be found on the copying paper.
To Fit a Key. — When it is not convenient to
take a lock apart to fit a new key, the key blank
Bhould be smoked over a candle, inserted in
the keyhole, and pressed firmly against the op-
posing wards of tbe lock. The indentations in
the smoked portion made by the wards will
Bhow where to file.
The best pine wood evaporates five pounds
of water per pound of wood consumed in a
steam boiler furnace. One cord of wood can
be consumed per hour on sixty square feet of
grate. One pound carbon burnt to carbonic
acid requires the oxygen of 153 cubic feet of
atinospherio air.
Glycerine added to paper stock increases
the flexibility of the paper.
Summer Salad.
At our leading hotels and restaurants, indeed
on the tables of the distinguished, it is very
rare, says the Germantown Telegraph, to find
lettuoe, as a salad, worthy of the name. Green
and bitter, by the aid of mustard, eggs, oil, or
occasionally a scald, it is rendered just passa-
ble, but as nnlike what cool delicious salad
ought to be as is possible. It seems practically
to be forgotten by those who grow salad that
lettuce was never intended to be eaten unless
blanched. In Europe they grow a long broad-
leaved kind, called the Roman or Cos lettuoe,
which, after having attained considerable de-
velopment, has the leaves drawn up and tied
together at the top. The interior continuing
to gtow, and of course in the dark, by the tying
up of the outer leaves, makes a hard mass like
an elongated oabbage, which cuts up as white
and crisp and sweet as a stick of celery. ThiB
kind has never found a place in American gar-
dens, because our climate induces it to run to
seed too quickly. The various kinds of oab-
bage lettuce are preferred, beoause they close
in their leaves naturally, and are supposed to
blunch themselves. But tbis is, as we have
shown, a pleasant fiction, as there is very little
of the white about any that we see, except
where there is great care in the culture.
Of course our country is not so well adapted
to the growth of good lettuce as England is.
It will not stand extreme cold, nor does it like
warm days and hot Buns. It wan's to go to
seed as soon as the temperature goes over sixty-
live degrees. Rut we could have much better
than we do. In the spring we sometimes get a
tolerable artiole. Started by a little protection
from frames, it is brought to perfection before
tbe warm weather comes. To have it good
later is not difficult, by employing very rich
land and as cool a spot &s can be obtained.
All vegetables that we value for their succu-
lence require a rich soil to their best develop-
ment, but it is an essential to good summer
lettuce.
Of course varieties will assist. Some of
American origin have been found to stand our
heats without running to seed much better
than the English varieties, which are better
suited to that cooler summer climate. Of these
the Indian lettuces are examples. Some of
these have been improved, and of these the
Hanson bears a good reputation.
Cooking Rhubaeb.— Rhubarb is best cnt in
lengths, boiled in water and sugar and served
with boiled rice round the dish; or, it may be
treated like "gooseberry fool." A little good
cream gives it a delicate taste, which it never
has in a pndding or tart. The following are
excellent recipes for making rhubarb jam and
marmalade: Cut the rhubarb as if for tarts,
and to every quart give one pound of good
moist sugar; put the sugar over the rhubarb
and leave it twenty-four hours to draw out the
juice. Ry this method the pieces of rhubarb
remain separate from each other when the pre-
serve is done. It keeps good a year if kept in
jars well dried, and in a dry place. For the
marmalade procure six oranges, peel them and
take away the white rind and pips, then slice
the pulp into a stewpan along with the peel;
cut very small; add thereto one quart of rhu-
barb cut finely, and from one pound to one
pound and a balf of sugar. Boil the whole
down in the usual way as for other preserves.
Made in this manner it is nearly equal to
Scotch marmalade, which is regarded on all
hands to be the finest anywhere made.
Drink Milk and Gbow Fat. — Livingstone
found that in Africa the use of Bour milk pro-
moted the growth of the muscle and fatty mat-
ters, and it also appeared to be a preventive of
biliousness, while sweet milk had the oppo-
site effect. It is stated tbat a pinch of salt in
sweet milk will prevent any disordered stom-
ach, drowsiness or other ailment, and that if
any one wishes to grow fleshy, a pint, slightly
salted, taken before retiring at night, will soon
cover the scrawniest bones. In cases of fever
and summer complaint milk is now given with
excellent results. The idea that milk is
"feverish" has exploded, and it is now the
physician's great reliance in bringing through
typhoid patients, or those in too low state to be
nourished by solid food.
Saeatoga Potatoes. — The following is said
to be all there is of the cook's secret in pro-
ducing those world-renowned potatoes served
at Moon's Lake House, Saratoga Springs,
every summer: Peel good sized potatoes, and
Blice them as evenly as possible; drop them into
ice water. Have a kettle of lard, as for fried
cakes, and very hot. Put a few at a time
into a towel, shake them abont to dry them,
and then drop into the hot lard. Stir them
occasionally; and when of a light brown take
them out with a skimmer. If properly done,
they will not be at all greasy, but orisp with-
out, and mealy within.
Aspaeagus and Beans. — Cut the tender parts
of the asparagus into quarter inoh lengths,
boil in an equal quantity of water, adding
about an equal amount of well cooked Lima
beans. Cook until the asparagus is tender,
and serve warm. Instead of the beans the
asparagus may be thickened with flour or
with cracker crumbs.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
It. B. EWEE SEBIOB EDITOE.
3>B"W0EJTr «fe CO., X»u"blisliers.
GEO. B. STRONG
JNO. L. BOONE
Office, No. 224 Sansome St., S. E. Corner
of California St., San Francisco.
Subscription and Advertising: Bates:
Bubboktptiono payable n advance — For one year, ti;
fix 'months, $2,26; three months, $1.25. Remittances
by ReRlBtered letters or P. O. orders at our risk.
Advzrtibiho Bates.— 1 week, 1 month, 3 monOtt. 1 year.
Per line 25 .80 $2.00 $5.00
One-half Inch... $1.00 3.00 7.50 24.00
One inch 1.60 4.00 13.00 40.00
Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or
reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appearing
in extraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper
nserted at special rates.
Samfle Copies. — Occasionally we send copies of this
paper to persons who we believe would he benefited
by subscribing for it, or willing to assist us in extend-
ing Its circulation . We call the attention of such to
our prospectus and terms of subscription.
San Francisco:
Saturday Morning, June 26, 1875.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
8ENEBAL EDITORIALS.— A New Gear-Cut-
tingMachine, 409; Sluicing, 409; Fryer's Process, 416;
Ourselves, 416; Removing Rrofcen Drills from Holes,
416; Work at the Foundries, 416; Nanaimo Coal, 416;
Notices of Recent Patents, 416; Short Lectures on
Patents, 428.
IXLTJSTKATIONS.— Peer's Gear-Cutting Machine;
Sluicing in a Bain Storm, 409. Lane & Bodley's
Improved Saw-Mill, 417-
COKKESPONDENC f.— Australian Notes, 410.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. — On Some Eecent
Observations on Magnetism; The New Glass— An.
other Process of Producing It; Curious Experiment
In Instantaneous Crystallization; A New Artificial
Light for Photographing; A Novelty in Ornamental
Silvering, 411.
MECHANICAL PROGRESS— The Cold Steam
Motor; Pottery in the United States; The Sand
Blast — New Applications; A New Carriage Wheel for
the Road; A Great Improvement in Nail Machinery;
New Barrel Machine; Bending vs. Forging; Bapid
Work; Stamping Mold Boards, 411.
MINING SUMMARY from the various counties
in California and Nevada, 412-13.
MINING STOCK MARKET.-Sales at the San
Francisco Stock Board; Notices of Assessments;
Meetings and Dividends; Review of the Stock Mar-
ket for the Week, 413.
USEFUL INFORMATION.-Black Walnut Fin.
ishing; Glaring of Pottery Without Lead; Bepairing
Bubbers; Copying Manuscript; To Fit a Key, 415.
GOOD PTEALTH.-A New Medicinal Plant; Don't
Eat Mathematically; The Ear; The Effect of Emo-
tion; The Effect of Buckwheat on the Blood, 415.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.— Summer Salad; Cooking
Rhubarb; Drink Milk and Grow Fat; ' Saratoga Pota-
toes; Asparagus and Beans, 415.
MISCELLANEOUS.— Coal Fields of Puget 8ound;
Mariposa Estate; Mining Strike; Preservation of
Eope, 410, Eailway Progress; Leatherette; Tin —
Its Manufacture and Supply; Explosives; Cost of
"Reduction, 414. Eevised Statutes of the -United
States, Relating to Mineral Lands and Mining Re-
sources, 417-18-19. Lead, 431-28. The Manu-
facture of Solder; Greatest Power of a Horse; To
Gild with Gold, 422.
Miners, Help Your Paper!
Write for it. Subscribe for it. Speak of its
merits, influence others to subscribe for it.
Are we not doing an important work for the
prosperity of our mining districts? Are we not
adding, by our steady work, millions of dollars
to the product of our mines? Are we not dis-
seminating that intelligence to miners, me-
chanics, and mine operators which prevents
the ignorant squandering of millions of dol-
lars ? Are we not storing the minds of active
professional men, and thousands of intelligent
tons of toil, with more refined and lasting
treasures than silver or fine gold?
The publication of scientific journals is not
proverbially profitable in any part of the world.
They are more costly than ordinary journals.
Engravings are expensive — especially so in a
new country. We have striven to make a val-
uable journal, an enterprising sheet, a re-
liable issue. We need the hearty support of
the classes the Mining and Scientific Pbess
specially represents ; we ask it now. We
thank old subscribers for their patronage; we
solicit all to promptly renew.
One of Baker's Botary Blowers (advertised
in another column) has been running for five
months at McCormick, Lewis & Co.'s Indus-
trial Iron Works, 233 Beale street, in this city,
where it can be seen and examined.
Connection by rail with San Bernardino will
soon be completed. Twenty miles, have just
been finished, out from Spadra.
Fryer's Process.
We see by the Grass Valley papers that Mr.
Fryer, the inventor of the muoh talked of new
process for working gold bearing quartz, has
arrived in Grass Valley from the East. He
will soon commence work on a large scale. He
is sure that his process is a perfect success and
that he oan work ore to within 95 per cent, of
its assay value, and at a cost not exceeding $5
per ton. Base metals, of any kind, in the ores
do not prevent successful working. The
Union says the process has been tried without
costing anybody anything, excepting Mr. Fryer
and his associates. These gentlemen will also
run the extended operations on the same prin-
ciple, bearing all the expenses thereof and al-
lowing no one on the outside to lose anything
if a failure should occur. ,
In view of the faot that the new process will
cause ledges to be worked more profitably than
heretofore, the miners in the vicinity have in-
creased their activity. The Transcript says
that there are dozens of mines that have here-
tofore been extensively worked, but failed to
pay as largely as owners desired, and have for
some time been shut down. The owners be-
lieve with the Fryer process they will pay first-
rate. There are also some mines that always
paid well, but by mismanagement became in-
volved and were shut down. The Banner mine
will, it is thought, be opened before long.
There has been over $800,000 taken out of it,
and not one assessment levied during the time.
The ledge at the point last worked was, we be-
lieve, eight feet in width, and if it can be re-
duced as cheaply as Mr. Fryer proposes to
work, it would pay a dear profit of between
ten and fifteen dollars, even if the process only
saved as much gold as the old mill prooess,
which in that case did not secure over 30 to 35
per oent. •
As the new process will shortly be tried on
an extensive scale, we hope soon to be able to
lay the results before our readers, together with
some description of the process itself.
Ourselves.
This issue of the Mining and Scientific
Pbess closes Volume XXX. We hope we have
given satisfaction to our readers and intend
trying to continue to do so. The mining interests
of the coast were never before in so prosperous
a condition as now, and never were so many
engaged in it as a legitimate business. It is
our endeavor to represent this important class
of the community, and collect all the informa-
tion of interest to them. Leaving aside the
weekly mining news given in each issue, we
have paid close attention to all hew processes
or improvements which are of value to miners
and published them in a compact condensed
form. The double sheet issue of this week
alone is worth more than a year's subscription.
The valuable and exhaustive article on lead,
with the tables of lead minerals, prepared ex-
pressly for the Pbess by Mr. Hanks, is itself
of great value. The paper this week also con-
tains the United States Statutes relating to
mining, which every miner should read closely,
as they are of great importance. Our increas-
ing list of practical correspondents who write
on mining matters is a source of benefit to our
readers and gratification to us. We do not
oonsider it necessary to oall attention to the
work we have done for the mining community
during the year, as it speaks for itself; but
we desire to impress it upon miners
generally that they cannot afford to
do without a paper devoted to their
special interests, and they should do all in their
power to enhance its value and usefulness.
Bring it to the attention of other miners, and
assist it in any manner you can. The informa-
tion in its oolumns, collected from all sources,
is of far more value than the price of subscrip-
tion. Those who are identified with ihe mining
or industrial interests of the coast, who are not
already subscribers, should become so now at the
commencement of a new volume, and we prom-
ise them they shall not be disappointed in their
investment.
Liverpool Coppeb Mabket.— We J see by
James Lewis & Sons' monthly report on ores
and metals on the 1st inst., that owing to
the uneasy feeling created by rumors
of probable war on the continent, the
oopper market was in a very dull and apathelic
state during the first half of May, and in the
almost total absenoe of buyers, values of bars
gradually receded from £83 to £81 6s. When
the stocks of Chile copper were made up on
the 14th ult., they were found to have decreased
898 tons. On the fear of war being allayed, an
improved demand sprung up, and holders
being firm, prices have gradually advanced to
£83 for good ordinary brands, and £83 10s for
picked brands to arrive, the sales being estima-
ted at about 2,000 tons. Latest quotations
were: Bars, £82 10s. to £83 cash; £83 to £83
10s. to arrive for good ordinary brands. Ore
16s 6d per unit. Regulars 17s. , and Barilla
18s. 3d per unit,
Removing Broken Drills from Holes.
John W. Piatt, of Mineral City, Nevada, has
recently patented through the agency connected
with this office a device for removing stubs
and broken pieces of drills from holes, which
is of interest to the mining community. It
consists in the employment of a pair of jaws so
shaped that they oan be introduced around the
stub and then firmly closed so as to hold and
withdraw it. The operating mechanism is en-
closed and protected by a ease. Two gripping
jaws are so curved as to form cylindrical sec-
tions, with roughened inner faces. The ends
of these jaws are tapered to a blunt apex, and
they are scarfed to an edge also, this being for
the purpose of making it easy to work the jaws
down through the rook and dirt that may be in
the hole surrounding the stub. The sides of the
jaws taper toward each other at the top, and
unite so as to form a transverse cylindrical head.
This head is fitted into a hole bored trans-
versely through the lower end of the stem and
a slot opens downward from the hole to allow
the sides of the jaws to pass in. The stem
passes up through a cylindrical sleeve, or ease,
within which it is protected, and the upper end
of the stem has a screw cut upon it, so that
the handle or elongated nut can be turned up
or down as desired. A stationary handle is
fixed to the top of the stem, and by this it is
held while the nut is being turned.
This device is operated as follows; If a drill
becomes broken in the hole the nut is turned
baok, and the elasticity of the sides of the jaws
causes them to spread apart, and draw out of
the case until they are sufficiently well opened
to pass down upon each side of the drill. The
stem is now twisted from side to side by means
of its handles and the jaws will be worked
down upon each side of the broken stub so as
to clasp it. Now by turning the nut or handle,
the cylindrical case will be forced down over
the jaws, thus forcing them together and
causing them to compress the steel firmly, so
that the whole can be withdrawn, the operation
not occupying more than a minute or two, even
in holes three or feet deep.
If the jaws should become broken or injured
it will be only necessary to remove the handle
and nut so as to allow the stem to be slipped
out, when the head will easily slide from its
socket, and can be replaced by another.
Work at the Foundries.
There seems to be no abatement in the con-
tinued demand upon the capacity of our foun-
dries. The amount of business brought to our
city by the mining interests of California and
Nevada is made peculiarly evident in the flour-
ishing state of business at these establish-
ments.
Pacific Iron Works.
At these works the immense hoisting appar-
atus for the California and Consolidated Vir-
ginia shaft has been completed and was shipped
on Tuesday of this week. The apparatus is
the largest of the kind ever manufactured in
this country. It has a hoisting capacity of 4,000
feet. There are two engines,, twenty-six inch
bore, six feet stroke, fitted with balance poppet
valves and cross cut-off. The cylinders weigh
16,000 pounds eaoh. There is to be one engine
on each end of the shaft, the distanoe between
being twenty-four feet from center to center.
Double reels for flat wire rope are to be used.
The engines are to be fitted with two steam
brakes, one for each reel, with an independent
hand brake for each reel. Six tubular boilers
go with the machinery, fifty-four inches in
diameter and sixteen feet long.
These hoisting works are fitted up with the
latest improvements, finished in the best style,
and will reflect credit not only upon the works
constructing them, but upon the mechanical
skill of the Pacific coast.
The managers of the Pacific Iron Works have
lately contracted to build a pair of engines,
10x20 inch, for a mine in Sonora, Mexico,
together wiih a ten stamp mill, pans, settlers,
etc.
Nanaimo Coal.
Mr. Selwyn, F. B. S., Direotor of the
Geologioal Survey of Canada, writes to the
American Journal of Science and Arts on the
age of the lignite coal formation of Vancouver
island. He says: " I wish to record my
dissent from the statement made by Professor
Lesquereux, page 365 of Dr. Hayden's Beport
on the United States Geological and
Geographical Survey of Colorado, 1873, to the
effect that the coal of Nanaimo, Vanoouver
island, is referable to the lower American
looene. Careful surveys have now been made
by the Canadian Geological Survey of the
Nanaimo coal basin, and it is proved beyond
the possibility of a doubt that the coal beds
there are overlaid by a succession of strata,
shales, sandstones and conglomerates, having a
thickness ot nearly 1,000 feet, and holding
from base to summit marine cretaceous fossils,
ammonites, baculites, inocerami and others.
Maps and sections, showing the relative posi-
tion of these beds and of the coal seams are
given in the Beport of the Geological Survey
of Canada, 1872-1873; and I would beg to refer
Prof. Lesquereux to them for information con-
cerning the coal rooks of Vancouver island.
As he makes no reference to the Beport named
I conclude he has not seen it."
Notices of Recent Patents.
Among the patents recently obtained through
Dewey & Co. 's Scientific Pbess Amerioan and
Foreign Patent Agency, the following are
worthy of mention:
Improved Potato Dickjeb. — Jas. J. Mo-
Kinnon, San Francisco, Cal. The rear end of
the frame of this improved implement (sup-
ported on bearing wheels in the usual way) is
in the form of an inverted XJ, and the rear leg
of the inverted,!! extends down to the ground
so as to form a standard for the shovel or plow
which lifts the potatoes out of the ground.
Handles are scoured to the rear end of the
frame, by means of which a person walking on
the rear of the plow oan raise or lower the rear
end of the frame at will in order to force the
plow into the ground or force it out. The plow
is made in the form of a shovel or scoop, with
a curved upper surface. A bevel wheel is
secured to the axle inside of the frame, so that
it turns with the axle. A shaft has its rear end
snpported on the standard above the plow and
extends along under the frame to a cross bar of
the frame in which its forward end is supported.
To the forward end of this shaft a bevel pinion
is seoured, so as to engage with the bevel wheel.
To the rear end of the shaft inside of the in-
verted U, is secured a four-armed wheel, the
arms of which are long enough to pass close to
the upper conoave surface of the shovel. When
the machine moves forward this shaft is rotated
by the bevel gears, and consequently the wheel
is caused to rotate above the plow and at right
angles to the travel of the machine. When
the shovel is forced into the ground nnder the
potato .hills, and drawn along the row, it will
lift the hills of potatoes and carry them up
over the rear end of the shovel, but the revolv-
ing arms of the wheel will strike the furrow as
it is lifted into the hollow of the shovel and
thus throw the potatoes and dirt out to one side
of the furrow, leaving the potatoes upon the
surface of the ground so that they can be easily
picked up. The inventor states that this ma-
chine has proved very effeotive for unearthing
potatoes and leaving them in a position ready
to be picked up.
Feeders fob Thbeshing Machines, — Byron
Jackson, Woodland, Yolo county, Cal. This
is an improvement for delivering nnthreshed
straw to the cylinder of threshing maohines,
and is based more especially on a patent
granted to W. J. Sloan, Sept. 3d, 1867, in
which a moving belt or carrier oonveys the
grain to the cylinder, and a revolving shaft or
drnm armed with teeth is intended to regulate
the delivery of the straw. It is found, how-
ever, that when a large bunch strikes the
picker, it will remain until forced onward by
other straw from behind, when it will pass
through without being separated, and when the
machine is operating where there are prevalent
high winds, as in some parts of California, the
straw will be blown upon the picker, around
which it becomes twisted so that the machine
must be stopped to disentangle it. In order to
obviate this difficulty Mr, Jackson constructs
his feeder with a short inclined belt, which
stands above the disoharge end of the feeding
belt in place of the pioker, and assists in guid-
ing the direction of the straw to the cylinder.
DIstbibdtob fob Stbaw Carriers. — This is
another improvement by the above named
inventor, relating to straw carriers such as are
employed to bring straw from the stack to the
feeder, which is attached to the machine to
supply the cylinder. The improvement con-
sists in the use of a short , belt standing at an
angle above the main carrying belt, and made
to revolve in an opposite direction. This belt
may be adjusted up and down, and is provided
with points or pickers which serve to catch and
force back any masses of straw, until they fall
into some place where there is little straw, and
thus the straw which is thrown upon tbis belt
in bunohes, or forkfuls, will be properly dis-
tributed before it reaches the feeder, and will
be delivered to the latter in a comparatively
even flow.
Vacuum Belief Valve fob Wateb Pipes
Philip Hinkle, San Francisco, Cal. This in-
vention relates to a novel relief valve for water
pipes, by whieh the inventor is enabled to pre-
vent the heavy jar oaused by the sudden shut-
ting off of running water in pipes, where a
vacuum is produced by its running. The in-
vention consists of an inwardly opening valve,
suitably attached, which is kept closed by a
light spring and the pressure of water inside
the pipe. When this latter pressure is removed
by the vacuum oaused by the flow of the water,
the pressure of air outside of the valve will
open it and allow air to enter and relieve any
jar.
The San Vicente lime company, at Santa
Cruz, are building a new wharf 1,000 feet long,
for the purpose of shipping the lime, and they
propose using the new steamer San Vicente for
carrying it to market. They think that when
they get to working well that they will turn out
from 9,000 to 10,000 barrels of lime per
month.
Antimont is selling in Liverpool at £58 to
£60 per ton for Frenoh Star regulars,
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
417
DOUBLE SHEET— 24 PAGES.
Portable Sawmill.
No machine has done more for the rapid de-
velopment of this country than the portable
circular sawmill. These are made in large
numbers throughout the Central States, some
of which are, however, of ordinary construc-
tion, others, the product of leaders in this line,
are very superior and embrace features which
by patent are controlled exclusively. Such a
mill as this is made by Messrs. Lane & Bodley,
of Cincinnati, and is represented in the accom-
panying fine engraving.
ThiB firm makes iron frame mills only, con-
tending tlmt their first cost need not greatly ex-
ceed that of wood frames, while the advantage
of solidity and durability, the absence of
joints and the consequent impossibility that
the oearings should become misplaced and out
of their true lines, are so evident to the me-
chanic that more than a mention of thin con-
traction >s unnecessary.
Other important features we will notice on
leaving the frame in the order of their position.
All bearings are filled with anti friction metal,
those of the mandrels being self-lubricating,
and of such simple construction as to run con-
stantly so long as supplied with oil, no wick,
cotton or wool being used.
The saw mandrels are of the best iron or
steel aud are held in position laterally by a
patented semi-elastic collar bearing.
The friction feed is hore shown iu its sim-
plicity and strength. One belt only is required,
that to drive the feed; the friction faoes are
ample and all shafts have long bearings. A
control of the carriage is given by tbis arrange-
ment that is not found elsewhere— the motion
of a lever forward or backward moves the car-
riage at a speed governed by the will of the
sawyer, allowing the feed to be slackened as a
knot is reached, and permitting a very fast re-
turn of the carriage for a new board set.
This firm by preference run the carriages of
their best mills, over rollers lying on chuius
upon the eills. This gives a large bearing sur-
face, has a bearing always under the portion of
the log being cut, and entirely avoids the jump-
ing off the track because of sawdust or chips.
Tho setting works or head blocks are of a
peculiar construction, yet so simple as to be
readily understood. This portion of a sawmill
is generally of the greatest interest, as it is by
defective construction of these that the user is
most seriously annoyed.
Lightness and strength are desirable; this is
attained by the use of wrought iron as a base
for the block, this by preference is in the strong-
est form known. The knees or standards
are moved by coarse thread screws, power on
which is obtained by a pair of gear wheels at
one end, of suitable proportions.
The advantages of a screw set is its accuracy,
and the objection only the supposed lack of
speed. A springing log cannot draw forward
a knee on a screw block, yet can on any other.
Upon the mill shown the speed of movement
is greatly increased by the manner of connect-
ing the blocks and of converting the reciproca-
ting motion of the Betting bar with a ro-
tary motion upon the sorews. This is accom-
plished by an upper and lower set of pawls at-
tached to a reciprocating bar working alter-
nately upon a ratchet wheel of coarse pitch, of
which one tooth represents one-sixteenth of an
iuch upon the knee.
The automatic dogs are novel in form, the
hook is swiveled so that it can be mado to enter
the log upon either side of the knee, these will
hold securely the largest log or the last flitch,
aud will permit the saw to cut within one-half
an inch of the knee. Whfn once inserted the
dog can not baok out. When the hook is re-
leased the dog immediately returns to a secure
position entirely out of the way of tho saw or
the fresh log.
It will be noticed that nowhere on the setting
apparatus is metal used torsioually, although
the practice is common. Messrs. Lane & Bod-
ley consider that the use of metal in this way
on a head block is as much out of plaoe as
upon a pair of scales, in fact they consider that
their blocks might be likened to a pair of scales
in their accuracy.
The milt shown will carry a seventy-two-inch
lever and a thirty-inch top saw. The yoke car-
rying the top saw is adjusted vertically by a
single hand wheel, the convenience of this
where saws are changed ins'ead of filed upon
the mandrel is very great. The length of the
head blocks generally used on this mill permit
an opening of forty-eight inches between the
knee and saw, but can be made greater if de-
sirable— an accommodation which the wrought
iron beam permits.
The log turner shown In the engraving is a
new idea which is now undergoing a thorough
teBt before being put upon the market; the re-
sults now reached are so highly satisfactory
that they have no doubt of the future succoess
of the device.
Altogether this mill is well adapted to the
wants of the Pacific coast, where large logs
abound and a great demand for bill timber ex-
ists. The suitability of this mill for the latter
purpose is most apparent in the setting works,
which the makers guarantee to be as accurate
on a sixty-foot carriage as on a twenty-foot
one. PartieB interested will receive prompt at-
tention to the correspondence they may address
the firm at Cincinnati. Circulars sent upon
application.
LANE & BODLEY'S IMPROVED SAW-MILL.
Revised Statutes of the United States, Relating to
Mineral Lands and Mining Resources.
EXPLANATION.— RELATION OF THE REVISED STATUTES TO REPEALED LAWS.
In the recently issued Revised 8tatut38 of the United State3, all th,elaws relating to mineral lands are brought
together In chapter bii of title thirty-two (Public Lands), and all those portions of the Acts of July 2Gth, 1866,
July 9th, 1870 and May 10th, 1872, which had not been repealed previously, together with the Goal Land Act of
March 3d, 1874, are consolidated in the chapter referred to, as herewith reprinted. We have also, in examining
the Revised Statutes, selected such collateral sections as have reference to mineral lands and print them here
under the title of "Miscellaneous Provisions."
In order that the reader may distinctly understand the relations which these Revised Statutss bear to the Acts
previously in force, we give the following extract from the "Repealing Provisions," approved Juue 22d, 1874.
This provision will be found on page 1091 of the Revised Statutes, Bection 5590. and repeals certain Acts passed
prior to December 1st, 1873.
"Section 5596. Repeal of Acts Embeaoed in Revised Statutes.— All Acts of Congress passed prior to
Bald 1st day of Dacember, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, any portion of which is embraced
In any section of said revision, are hereby repealed, and the section applicable thereto shall be in force in lien
thereof; all parts of said Acts not contained in suoh revision, having been repealed or superseded by subse-
quent Acts, or not being general or permanent in their nature: Provided, That the incorporation into said re-
vision of any general and permanent provision, taken from an Act making appropriations or from au Act contain
ing other provisions of a private, local, or temporary character, shall not repeal or in any way affect any appro-
priation, or any provision of a private, local, or temporary character, contained in any of said Acts, but the
Bame shall remain in force; and all Acts of Congress passed prior to said list named day, no part of -which
are embraced in said revision, shall not be affected or changed by its enactment."
This section, of course, virtually repeals the Acts of July 2tith, 1866, July 9th, 1870 and May 10th, 1872, as well
as all miscellaneous provisions except such as are specified in the above provision. No changes, however, were
made in existing laws, the different provisions in force merely being re-arranged under prober titles. The ar-
rangement and classification of the several sections of the Revised Statutes have only been made for the pur-
pose of more convenient and orderly arrangement of the same. The repeal of the several Acts embraced in
said revision does not affect any act done or any right accruing or accrued, or any suit or proceeding had or
commenced in any civil cause before the said repeal, but all rights and liabilities under said Acts continue, and
may be enforced in the same manner as if said repeal had not been made. The revision doeB not affect or re-
peal any Act of Congress passed since December 1st, 1873, aud all acts passed since that date are to have full
effect as if passed after the enactment of the revision, and so far as any Buch acts vary from or conflict with any
provision contained in said revision, they are to have effect as subsequent Stitutes, aud aB repealing any portion
of the revision inconsistent therewith. It will be seen from this the "Revised Stitutes," which are now iu
force simply embrace the Statutes of the United States, general and permanent in ihelr nature, in force on the
1st day of December, 1873, as revised and consolidated by Commissioners appiinted under au Act of Congress.
"We have placed a short explanatory note, iu brackets, over each section of the Revised Statutes, showing
the difference, where there iB any, in the wording of the particular section of the Revised btatutes and the
corresponding section of the original Act of Congress from which it is derived.
Mineral Lands Reserved.
Seo. 2318. In all cases, lands valuable for mineral* shall be reserved from sale, except as
otherwise expressly directed by law.
Mineral Lands Open to Purchase by Citizens.
[This section is identical with Sec. 1 of the Act of Miy 10th, 1872, aud almost identical with Sec. 1 of the
Act of July 26Ch, 1866, which latter Beotion was repealed by the Act of May 10th, 1872,] (
Sec. 2319. All valuable miueral deposits in lands belonging to the United States, both sur
veyed and unsurveyed, are hereby deolared to be free and open to exploration and purchase, and
the lands in which they are found to occupation and purchase, by citizens of the United States
and those who have declared their intention to become suoh, under regulations prescribed by law,
and according to the looal customs or rules of miners in the several mining districts, so far as the
same are applicable and not inconsistent with the laws of the United States.
Length of Mining Claims Upon Veins or Lodes.
[This section la the same as Sec. 2 of the Act of May 10th, 1872.]
Seo. 2320. Mining claims upon veinB or lodes of quartz or other rock in place bearing gold,
silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other valuable deposits, heretofore located, Bhall be governed
as to length along the vein or lode by the customs, regulations, and laws in force at the date of
their location. A mining claim located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-
two, whether located by one or more persons, may equal, but shall not exceed, one thousand
five hundred feet in length along the vein or lode; but no location of a miniug claim shall be
made until the discovery of the vein or lode within the limits of the claim located. No claim
hall extend more than three hundred feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface,
nor shall any claim be limited by any mining regulation to less than twenty-five feet on each
side of the middle of the vein at the surface, except where adverse rights existing on the tenth
day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, render such limitation necessary. The end-
lines of each claim shall be parallel to eaoh other.
Proof of Citizenship.
[This is the same as the last clause in Sec. 7 of the Act of May 10th, 1872, except that that clause had an ad-
dition which has been incorporated in Section 2326 of the Revised Statutes. The first part of Sec. 7 of the Aot
of May 10th, 1872, will also be found incorporated in section 2326.]
Sec. 2321. Proof of citizenship, under this chapter, may consist, in the case of an individual,
of his own affidavit thereof; in the case of an association of persons unincorporated, of the affi-
davit of their authorized agent, made on his own knowledge, or upon information and belief;
and in the case of a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State
or Territory thereof .by the filing of a certified1 copy of their charter or ceitificate of incorporation.
Locators' Rights of Possession and Enjoyment.
[This 1b identical with Sec. 3 of the Act of May 10th, 1872.]
Seo. 2322. The locators of all mining locations heretofore made, or which shall hereafter be
m tde, on any mineral vein, lode.for ledge, situated on the publio domain, their heirs and assigns,
wbere no adverse claim exists on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, so long
as they comply with the laws of the United States, and with State, Territorial, and local regulations
not in conflict with the laws of the United States governing their possessory title, shall have the
exclusive right of possession and enjoyment of all the surface included within the line3 of their
locations, and of all veins, lodes, and ledges throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of
which lies inside of suoh surface-lines extended downward vertically, although such veins,
lodes, or ledges may so far depart from a perpendicular in their oourse downward as to ex-
tend outside the vertioal side-lioes of such surface locations. But their right of possession to
such outside parts of such veins or ledges shall be confined to such portions thereof as lie be-
tween vertical planes drawn downward as above described, through the end-lines of their looa
418
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 187 5
tions, so continued in their own direotion that such planes will intersect such exterior parts of
snoh veins or ledges. And nothing in this section shall authorize the locator or possessor of a
vein or lode which extends in its downward coarse beyond the vertical lines of his claim to
enter upon the surface of a olaim owned or possessed by another.
Owners of Tunnels, Rights of.
[This section is the same as Sec. 4 of the Act of May 10th, 1872.]
Seo. 2323. Where a tunnet ia run for the development of a vein or lode, or for the discovery
of mines, the owners of such tuunel shall have the right of possession of all veins or lodes within
three thousand feet from the face of such tunnel on the line thereof, not previously known to
exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same extent as if discovered from the surface; and locations
on the line of such tunnel of veins or lodes not appeariug on the surface, made by other parties
after the commencement of the tunnel, and while the same is being prosecuted with reasonable
diligence, shall be invalid; but failure to prosecute the work on the tunnel for six months shall
be considered as an abandonment of the right to all undiscovered veins on the line of such tunnel.
Miners7 Regulations; Expenditures and Improvements.
[This section is the same as Sec. 5 of the Act of May 10th, 1872, except that in the clause relating to expendi-
tures in that Act, the words "each year for each hundred feet" were used instead of the words "by the 10th day
of June, 1874, and each year thereafter." It will he remembered that on March 1st, 1873, OongreBS passed an Act
amending that of May 10th, 1872, so that the time for the first annual expenditures on claims located prior to the
passage of the Act, was extended to June 10th, 1873. Again on June 6th, 1874, Congress again amended the 5th section
of the Act so that the time for the first annual expenditure on such claims was extended to January 1st, 1875.]
Sec. 2324. The miners of each mining district may make regulations not in conflict with the
laws of the United States, or with the laws of the State or Territory in which the district issituated,
governing the location, manner of recording, amount of work necessary to hold possession of a
mining claim, subject to the following requirements: The location must be distinctly marked
on the ground so that its boundaries can be readily traced. All records of mining-claims here-
after made shall contain the name or names of the locators, the date of the location, and such a
description of the claim or claims located by reference to some natural object or permanent
monument as will identify the claim. On each claim located after the tenth day of May, eight-
teen hundred and seventy-two, and until a patent has been issued therefor, not less than one
hundred dollars' worth of labor shall be performed or improvements made during each year.
On all claims located prior to the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, ten
dollars' worth of labor shall be performed or improvements made by the tenth day of June,
eighteen hundred and seventy-four, and each year thereafter, for each one hundred feet in
length along: the vein, until a patent has been issued therefor; but where such claims are held
in common, such expenditure may be made upon any one claim; and upon a failure to oo-mply
with these conditions, the claim or mine upon which such failure occurred shall be open to re-
location in th6 same manner as if no location of the same had ever been made, provided that the
original locators, their heirs, assigns, or legal representatives, have not resumed work upon the
claim after failure and before such location. Upon the failure of any one of several co-owners
to contribute his proportion of the expenditures required hereby, the co-ownera who have per-
formed the Ltbor or made the improvements, may, at the expiration of the year, give such de-
linquent co owner personal noticejn writing, or notice by publication in the newspaper pub-
lished nearest the claim, for at least once a week for ninety days, and if, at the expiration of
ninety days after such notice in writing or by publication, such delinquent should fail or refuse
to contribute his proportion of the expenditure required by this section, hia interest in the claim
shall become the property of his co-owners who have made the required expenditures.
The following Act of Congress, which was passed since the revision of the Statutes, being approved Febru-
ary 11th, 1875, is introduced here, as it affects the above section:
An Act to amend Section 2321 of the Revised Statutes, relating to the development of the min-
ing resources of the United S'ates.
Be it enacted 6y the Senate and Souse of Representatives of Vie United States of America in Congress assembled:
That Section two thousand three hundred and twenty-four of the Bevised Statutes be, and is hereby, amended
so that where a person or company has or may run a tunnel for the purposes of developing a lode or lodes,
owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tuunel shall be taken and considered as ex-
pended on said lode or lodes, whether located prior to or since the passage of said Act; and such person or com-
pany shall not be required to perform work upon the surface of said lode or lodeB in order to hold the same as
required by said Act.
After the passage of this Act, the Commissioner of the General Land Office ordered that "the expenditures
required upon mining claims may be made from the surface or in running a tunnel for the develop ment of
Patents for Mineral Lands, How Obtained.
[This section is the same as Sec. 6 of the Act of May 10th, 1872. See also Sections 2 and 3 of the Act of
July 26th, 1866.]
Seo. 2325. A patent for any land claimed and located for valuable deposits mfly be obtained
in the following manner: Any person, association, oreorporation authorized to locate a claim un-
der this chapter, having claimed and located a piece of land for such purposes, who has, or have,
complied with the terms of this chapter, may file in the proper land-office an application for a
patent, under oath, showing such compliance, together with a plat and field-notes of the claim or
claims in common, m xde by or under the direction of the United States Surveyor General, show-
ing accurately the boundaries of the claim or claims, which shall be distinctly marked by monu-
ments on the ground, and shall post a copy of such plat, together with a notice q( such appli-
cation for a patent, in a conspicuous place on the land embraced in such plat, previous to the
filing of the application for a patent, and shall file an affidavit of at least two persons that such
notice has been duly posted, and shall file a copy of the notice in such land-office, and shall
thereupon be entitled to a patent for the land, in the manner following: The register of the
land-office, upon the filing of such application, plat, field-note-:, notices, and affidavits, shall publish
a notice that such application has been made, for the period of sixty days, in*a newspaper to be
by him designated as published nearest to such claim; and he shall also post such notice in his
office for the same period. The claimant at the time of filing this application, or at any time
thereafter, within the sixty days of publication, shall file with the register a certificate of the
United States Surveyor General that five hundred dollars' worth of labor has been expended, or
improvements made upon the claim by himself or grantors; that the plat is correct, with such
further description by such reference to natural objects or permanent monuments as shall iden-
tify the claim, and furnish an accurate description, to be incorporated in the patent. At the ex-
piration of the sixty days of publication the claimant shall file his affidavit, showing that the
plat and notice have been posted in a conspicuous place on the claim during such period of pub-
lication. If no adverse claim shall have been filed with the register and the receiver of the proper
land-office at the expiration of the sixty days of publication, it shall be assumed that the appli-
cant is entitled to a patent, upon the payment to the proper officer of five dollars per acre, and
that no adverse claim exists; and thereafter no objection from third parties to the issuance of a
patent shall be heard, except it be shown that the applicant has failed to comply with the terms
of this chapter.
Adverse Claim, Proceedings on.
[This corresponds with Sec. 7 of the Act of May 10th . 1872 , except that the provision relating to rights of
citizenship is taken out and is now a separate section, 2321, of the Revised Statutes.]
Sec. 2326. Where an adverse claim is filed during the period of publication, it shall be upon
oath of the person or persons making the same, and shall show the nature, boundaries, and ex-
tent of such adverse claim, and all proceedings, except the publication of notice and making and
filing of the affidavit thereof, shall be stayed until the controversy shall have been settled or de-
cided by a court of competent jurisdiction, or the adverse claim waived. It shall be the duty of
the adverse claimant, within thirty days after filing his claim, to commence proceedings in a court
of competent jurisdiction, to determine the question of the right of possession, and prosecute the
same with reasonable diligence to final judgment; and a failure so to do shall be a waiver of
his adverse claim. After such judgment shall have been rendered, the party entitled to the pos-
session of the claim, or any portion thereof, may, without giving further notice, file a certified
copy of the judgment-roll with the register of the land-office, together with the certificate of the
Surveyor General that the requisite amount of labor has been expended, or improvements made
thereon, and the description required in other cases, and shall pay to the receiver five dollars
per acre for his claim, together with the proper fees, whereupon the whole proceedings and the
judgment-roll shall be certified by the register to the Commissioner of the General Land Office,
and a patent shall issue thereon for the claim, or such portion thereof as the applicaut shall ap-
pear, from the cecision of the court, to rightly possess. If it appears from the decision of the
court, that several parties are entitled to separate and different portions of the claim, each party
may pay for his poriion of the claim, with the proper fees, and file the certificate and description
by the Surveyor General, whereupon the register shall certify the proceedings and judgment-roll
to the Commissioner of the General Land-Office, as in the preceding case, and patents shall
issue to the several parties according to their respective rights. Nothing herein contained shall
be construed to prevent the alienation of the title conveyed by a patent for a mining claim to
any person whatever.
Description of Vein Claims on Surveyed and Unsurveyed Lands.
[Same as Sec. 8 of Act of May 10th, 1872.J
Seo. 2327. The description of vein or lode claims, upon surveyed lands, shall designate the
location of the claim with reference to the lines of; the public surveys, but need not conform
therewith; but where a patent shall be issued for claims upon unsurveyed lands, the surveyor-
general, in extending the surveys, shall adjust the same to the boundaries of such patented
claim, according to the plat or description thereof, but so as in no case to interfere with or
change the location of any such patented claim.
Pending Applications; Existing Rights.
[This formed part of Sec. 9 of the Act of May 10th, 1872, the paragraph which is left out here, simply re-
aaling Sections 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Act of July 26th, 1866, the repeal not affecting existing rights. The words
"patents for mining claims" in the 9th section of the Act of May 10th, 1872, are here changed to "patents for
mining claims on veins or lodes."]
Sec. 2328. Applications for patents for mining claims, under former laws now pending,
may be prosecuted to a final decision in-the General Land-Office; but in snoh cases where ad-
verse rights are not affected thereby, patents may issue in pursuance of the provisions of this
chapter; and all patents for mining claims upon veins or lodes heretofore issued shall convey all
the rights and privileges conferred by this chapter, where no adverse rights existed on the tenth
day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two.
Conformity of Placer Claims to Surveys; Limit of.
[This section corresponds to the first clause of Sec. 12, Act of July 9th, 1870.]
Sec. 2329. Claims usually called "placers," including all forms of deposit, excepting veins
of quartz, or other rock in place, shall be subject to entry and patent, under like circumstances
and conditions, and upon similar proceedings, as are provided for vein or lode claims; but
where the lands have been previously surveyed by the United States, the entry "in its exterior
limits shall conform to the legal subdivisions of the public lands.
Subdivision of Ten-Acre Tracts; Limit of Placer Locations.
[This section is substantially the same as the latter part of Sec. 12, Act of July 9th, 1870.]
Seo. 2330. Legal subdivisions of forty acres may be subdivided into ten-acre tracts; and
two or more persons, or associations of persons, having contiguous claims of any size, although
such claims may be less than ten acres each, may make joint entry thereof; but no location of a
placer claim, made after the ninth day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy, shall exceed one
hundred and sixty acres for any one person or association of persons, which location shall conform
to the United States surveys; and nothing in this section contained shall defeat or impair any
bona-fide pre-emption or homestead claim upon agricultural lands, or authorize the sale of the
improvements of any bona-fide settler to any purchaser.
Survey of Placer Claims; Limitation of.
[The basis of this section may be found in Sec. 10, Act of May 10th, 1872, and Sec. 16, Act of July 9th, 1870.]
Seo. 2331. Where placer claims are upon surveyed lands,and conform to legal subdivisions,
no further survey or plat shall be required, and all placer mining claims located after the tenth day
of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, shall conform as near as practicablewith the United
States system of public-land surveys, and- the rectangular subdivision of such surveys, and no
such 'location shall include more than twenty acres for each individual claimant; but where
placer claims cannot be conformed to legal subdivisions, survey and plat shall be made as on
unsurveyed lands; and where by the segregation of mineral land in any legal subdivision, a
quantity of agricultural land less than forty acres remains, such fractional portion of agricultu-
ral land may be entered by any party qualified by law, for homestead or pre-emption purposes.
Evidence of Possession to Establish Right to Patent.
[This section is the same as Sec. 13 of the Act of July 9th, 1870, except that the words "this chapter" are
inserted instead of "this Act."]
Seo. 2332. Where such person or association, they and their grantors, have held and worked
their claims for a period equal to the lime prescribed by the statute of limitations for mining
claims of the State and Territory where the same may be situated, evidence of such possession
and working of the claims for such period shall be sufficient to establish a right to a patent
thereto under this chapter, in the absence of any adverse claim; but nothing in this cnapter
shall be deemed to impair any lien which may have attached in any way whatever to any 'mining
claim or property thereto attached prior to the issuance of a patent.
Proceedings for Patent for Placer Claim Etc.
[This is the Bame as Sec. 11 of the Act of May 10th, 1872, except that the words "subject to the provisions of
this chapter," are inserted instead of the words "subject to the provisions of this Act and an Act to amend, etc.,
approved July 9th, 1870."]
Sec. 2333. Where the same person, association or corporation is in possession of a placer
claim, and also a vein or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be made
for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode, and in such
case a patent shall issue for the placer claim, subject to the provisions of this chapter, including
such vein or lode, upon the payment of five dollars per acre for such vein or lode claim, and
twenty-five fett of surface on each side thereof. The remainder of the placer claim, or any
placer claim not embracing any vein or lode claim, shall be paid for at the rate of two dollars
and fifty cents per acre, together with all costs of proceedings; and where a vein or lode, such
as is described in section twenty-three hundred and twenty, is known to exiBt within the bound-
aries of a placer claim, an application for a patent for such placer claim, which does not include
an application for the vein or lode claim shall be construed as a conclusive declaration that
the claimant of the placer olaim has no right of possession of the vein or lode claim; but where
the existence of a vein or lode in a placer claim is not known, a patent for the placer claim shall
convey all valuable mineral and other deposits within the boundaries thereof.
Surveyor-General to Appoint Surveyors of Mining Claims.
[This is the same as the first half of Sec. 12, of the Act of May 10th, 1872. The remainder of Sec. 12 of the Act
of May 10th, 1872 referred to the fees of registers and receivers, which subject is more fully detailed in Sec. 2238,
given under the head of "Miscellaneous Provisions." The remainder of Seo. 12 also specified that nothing in
that Act should be construed to enlarge or affect the rights of either party at the time of the passage of the
Act of May 10th, 1872, or Act of July 26th, 1866; atBO that nothing in the Act be construed to repeal, impair or in
any way affect the Act passed July 25th 18G6, granting 4. Sutro the right of way and other privileges to aid in the
construction of a draining and exploring tunnel to the Coma to ck lode, in the State of Nevada.]
Sec. 2334. The Surveyor General of the United States may appoint in each land-district
containing mineral lands as many competent surveyors as shall apply for appointment to survey
mining claims. The expenses of the survey of vein or lode claims, and the survey and subdivion
of placer claims into smaller quantities than one hundred and sixty acres, together with the cost
of publication of notices, shall be paid by the applicants, and they shall be at liberty to obtain
the same at the most reasonable rates, and they shall also beat liberty to employ any United
States deputy surveyor to make the survey. The Commissioner of the General Land-Office
shall also have power to establish the maximum charges for surveys and publication of notices
under this chapter; and. in case of excessive charges for publication, he may designate any
newspaper published in a land-district where mines are situated, for the publication of min-
ing-notices in such district, and fix the rates to be charged by suoh paper; and to the end that
the Commissioner may be fully informed on the subject, each applicant shall file with the reg-
ister a sworn statement of all charges and fees paid by such applicant for publication and sur-
veys, together with all fees and money paid the register and the receiver of theland-offi.ee,
which statement shall be transmitted with the other papers in the case to the Commissioner of
the General Land-Office.
Verification of Affidavits, Etc.
[This is the same as Sec. 13, Act of May 10th, 1872, except that the words "this chapter" are inserted instead
of "this Act," etc.]
Seo. 2335. All affidavits required to be made under this chapter may be verified before any
officer authorized to administer oaths within the land-district where the claims may be situated,
and all testimony and proofs may be taken before any such officer, and when duly certified by the
officer taking the same, shall have the same force and effect as if taken before the register and
receiver of the laud-office. In cases of contest as to the'mineral or agricultural character of land
the testimony and proofs may be taken as herein provided, on personal notice of at least ten days
to the opposing party ; or if such party cannot be found, then by publication of at least once a
week for thirty days in a newspaper, to be designated by the register of the land-office as pub-
lished nearest to the location of such land; and the register Shall require proof that such notice
has been given.
Where Veins Intersect, Etc.
[This is the same as Beo. 14, Act of May 10th, 1872, except that the word "bat" is substituted for
"provided."]
Seo. 2336. "Where two or more veins intersect or cross each other, priority of title shall govern,
and such prior location shall be entitled to all ore or mineral contained within the space of inter-
section; but the subsequent location shall have the right of way through the space of intersection
for the purposes of the convenient working of the mine. And where two or more veins unite, the
oldest or prior location shall take the vein below the point of union, including all the space of
intersection.
Patents for Non-Mineral Lands, Etc.
[This is the same as Sec. 15, Act of May 10th, 1872, except that the word "but" Is substituted for
"provided,"]
Sec. 2337. Where non-mineral land not contiguous to the vein or lode is used or occupied by
the proprietor of such vein or lode for mining or milling purposes, such non-adjacent surface
ground may ba embraced and included in an application for a patent for such vein or lode, and the
same may be patented therewith, subject to the same preliminary requirements as to survey
aud notice as are applicable to veins or lodes; but no looation hereafter made of such non-
adjacent land shall exceed five acres, and payment for the same must be made at the same rate
as fixed by this chapter for the superfices of the lode. The owner of a quartz-mill or reduction-
works not owning a mine in connection therewith may also receive a patent for his mill-site, as
provided in this section.
State or Territorial Legislation Concerning Mineral Lands.
[Same as Sec. 5 of Ace of July 26th, 1866.]
Sec. 2338. As a condition of sale in the absence of necessary legislation by Congress, the
local legislature of any State or Territory may provide rules for working* mines, involving ease-
ments, drainage, aud other necessary means to their complete development; and those conditions
shall be fully expressed in the patent.
Vested Rights to Use of Water; Right of Way for Canals, Etc.
[Same as Sec. 9 of Act of July 26th, 1866.]
Seo. 2339. "Whenever, by priority of possession, rights to the use of water for mining, agri-
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
419
cultural, manufacturing, or other purposes, have vested and acorued, and the name are recognized
and acknowledged by the local customs, laws, and the decisions of courts, the possessors and
owners of such vested rights shall be maintained and protected in the same; and the right of way
for the construction of ditches and canals for the purposes herein specified is acknowledged and
confirmed; but whenever any person, in the construction of any ditch or canal, injures or
damages the possession of any settler on the public domain, the party committing such injury
or damage shall be liable to the party injured for snch injury or damage.
Patents, Etc., Subject to Vested Water-Rights.
(8amo u part of Sec. 17 of Act of July 9th, 1*70.]
8no. 2340. All patents granted, or pre-emption of homesteads allowed, shall be subject to
any vested and accrued water-right*, or rights to ditches and reservoirs used in connection with
such water-rights, as may have been acquired under or recognized by the preceding action.
Non-Mineral Lands Open to Homesteads.
[Thin U subBtantlaHy the same as Sec. 10, Act of July 2fith, 1866. except that after the words "ICO acrcB," the
following words arc omitted: "Or said parties may avail themselves of the provisions of the Act of Congress
of May 20th, 1862, entitled an Act to secure hocneBteadt* to actual ni-ttluro on the public domain, and AutH amend-
atory thereof. " The laws referred to In the last two lines of Sec. 2341, may be found under chapter 5. title U2,
pages 432, 423, 424, 425, and 136, Ii..-vl»-d Statutes of United Stat.;* 1
Seq. -3U . Wherever, upon the lauds heretofore designated as mineral lands, which have
been excluded from burvey and sale, there have been homesteads made by oitizensof the United
States, or personB who have declared thoir intention to become citizens, which homesteads have
been made, improved, and used for agricultural purposes, and upon which there have been no
valuable mines of gold, silver, cinnabar, or copper discovered, and which are properly agricultural
lands, the settlers or owners of Buch homesteads shall have a right of pre-emption thereto, and
shall be entitled to purchase the same at the price of one dollar and twenty-five oents per acre,
and in quantity not to exceed one hundred and sixty acres; or they may avail themselves of the
provisions of chapter five of this title relating to "Homesteads "
Mineral Lands, How Set Apart as Agricultural.
[Same as Sec. 11 of Act of July 26th, 1806.]
Sko. 2342. Upon the survey of the lands described in the preceding section, the Seoretary
of the Interior may designate and set apart such portions of the same as are clearly agricultural
lands, which lands shall thereafter be subject to pre-emption and sale as other public lands, and
be Bubject to all the laws and regulations applicable to the same.
Power of the President to Provide Districts and Officers.
[Same as Sec. 7, of Act of July 26th, 18G6, the words "this chapter" being substituted for "this Act."]
Sec. 2343. The President is authorized to establish additional land -districts, and to appoint
the necessary officers under existing laws, wherever he may deem the same necessary for the
public convenience in executing the provisions of this chapter.
Provisions of this Chapter not to Effect Certain Rights.
[Sec. 8 of Act of July 2Cth, 1866, says: "That the right of way for the construction of highways over public
lands, not reserved for public ubob, is hereby granted." Last clause of Sec. 16, Act of May 10th, 1871, says:
"Nothing in this Act shall be construed to impair in any way, rights or interests in mining property acquired
under existing laws." Seo. 6 of Act of March 3d, 1873 (Goal Land Law), says: "Nothing in this Act shall be
construed to destroy or impair any rights which may have attached prior to its passage, or to authorize the
dale of lands valuable for mines of gold, silver, or copper."
Seo. 2314. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to impair, in any way, rights
or interests in miniDg property acquired under existing laws; nor to affect the provisions of the
act entitled, "An act granting to A. Sutro the rigbt of way and other privileges to aid in the
construction of a draining and exploring tunnel to the Comstock lode, iu the State of Nevada,"
approved July twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six.
Mineral Lands in Certain States Excepted.
Sec. 2345. The provisions in the preceding sections of this chapter shall not apply to the
mineral lands situated in the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, whioh are declared
free and open to exploration and purohase, according to legal subdivisions in like manner as be-
fore the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two; and any boni-fide entries of such
lands within the States named, since the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two,
may be patented without reference to any of the foregoing provisions ot this chapter. Such lands
Bhall be offered for public sale in th* same manner, at the same miuinum price, aud under the
same rights of pre-emption as other public lauds.
What Grants Not to Include Mineral Lands.
Sec. 234G. No act passed at the first session of the Thirty- eighth Congress, granting lands
to States or corporations to aid in the construction of roads or for other purposes, or to extend the
time of grants made prior to the thirtieth day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall
be so construed as to embrace mineral lands, which, in all cases are reserved exclusively to the
United States, unless otherwise specially provided in the act or acts making the grant.
Entry of Coal Lands.
[Sec. 1 of Act of March 3d, 1873 (Goal Land Law) , is identical w ith this section.]
Sec. 2347. Every person above the age of twenty-one years, who is a citizen of the United
States, or who has declared his intention to become such, or any association of persons severally,
qualified as above, shall, upon application to the register of the proper land-office, have the right
to enter by legal subdivisions any quantity of vacant coal-lands of the United States not other-
wise appropriated or reserved by competent authority, not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres
to such individual person, or three hundred and twenty acres to such association, upon pay-
ment to the receiver of not less than ten dollars per acre, for such lands where the same shall
be situated more than fifteen miles from any completed railroad, and not less than twenty dol-
lars per acre for such lands as shall be within fifteen miles of such road.
Pre-emption of Coal Lands.
[Sec. 2 ot Act of March 3d, 1S73, is identical with this section.]
Sec. 2348. Any person or association of persons severally qualified as above provided, who
have opened and improved, or shall hereafter open and improve any coal mine or mines upon the
public lands, and shall be in actual possession of the same, shall be entitled to a preference-right
of entry under the preceding section, of the mines so opened and improved: Provided, That
when any association of not less than four persons, severally qualified as above provided, Bhall
have expended not less than five thousand dollars in working and improving any suuh mine or
mines, such association may enter not exceeding six hundred and forty acres, including such
mining improvements.
Pre-emption of Coal Lands; When Claims to be Presented.
[Sec. 3 of Act of March 3d, 1873, is the same as this except that the words "under the preceding section" are
substituted for the words "under section two of this Act."]
Seo- 2349. All claims under the preceding section must be presented to the register of the
proper land-district within sixty days after the date of actaal possession and the commencement
of improvements on the land, by the filing of a declaratory statement therefor; but when the town-
ship plat is not on file at the date of such improvement, filing must be made within sixty days
from the receipt of such plat at the district office; and where the improvements shall have been
made prior to the expiration of three months from the third day of March, eighteen hundred
and seventy- three, sixty days from the expiration of such three months shall be allowed for the
filing of a declaratory statement, and no sale under the provisions of this section shall be al-
lowed until the expiration of six months from the third day of Maroh, eighteen hundred and
seventy-three.
Only One Entry Allowed.
[Same as Sec. i of Act of March 3d, 1873, except, that the words "the three preceding sections" are substitu-
ted for "that this Act."]
Sec. 2350. The three preceding sections shall be held to authorize only one entry by the same
person or association of persons; and no association of persons, any member of which shall have
taken the benefit of such sections, either as an individual or as a member of any other association,
shall enter or hold any other lands under the provisions thereof; and no member of any asso-
ciation which shall have taken the benefit of such section shall enter or hold any other lands
under their provisions; and all persons claiming under section twenty-three hundred and forty-
eight shall be required to prove their respective rights and pay for the lands filed upon within
one year from the time prescribed for filing their respective claims; and upon failure to file the
proper notice or to pay for the land within the required period, the same shall be subject to
entry by any other qualified applicant.
Conflicting Claims.
[Same as Sec. 5, Act of March 3d, 1873.J
Seo. 2351. In case of conflicting claims upon coal lands where the improvements shall be
commenced after the third day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, priority of posses-
sion and improvement, followed by proper filing and continued good faith, shall determine the
preference- right to purchase. And also where improvements have already been made prior to the
third day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy- three, division of the land claimed may be
made by legal subdivisions, to include as near as may be the valuable improvements of the re-
spective parties. The Commissioner of the General Land-Office is authorized to issue all need-
ful rules and regulations for carrying into effect the provisions of this and the four pre-
ceding sections.
Existing Rights.
[Same as Sec. 6, Act of March 3d, 1873.]
Sec. 2352. Nothing in tue five preceding sections shall be construed to destroy or impair
any rights which may have attached prior to the third day of March, eighteen hundred and
seventy-three, or to authorize the sale of lauds valuable for mines ot gold, silver, or copper.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
Possessory Actions Concerning Mining Titles.
Sec. 910. No possessory action between persons, in any court of the United States, for the
recovery of any mining title, or for damages to any snch title, shall be affected by the fact that
the paramount title tc the land in whioh snch mines lie is in the United States; |but each case
shall be adjudged by (he law of possession.
Registers' and Receivers' Fees and Commissions.
Skc. 2238. Registers and receivers, in addition to their salaries, shall be allowed each the
following fees and commissions, namely :
1. A fee of one dollar for eaoh declaratory statement filed and for services in acting on pre-
emption claims.
2. A commission of one per centum on all moneys received at eaoh receivers office.
3. A commission to be paid by the homestead Hpplicaat, at the time of eatry, of one per
centum on the cash price, as fixed by law, of the land applied for; aud a like commission when
the claim is finally established, and the certificate therefor is issued as the basis of a patent.
4. The same commission on lands entered under auy law to encourage the growth of
timber on western prairies, as allowed when the like quantity of land is entered with
money.
5. For lociting military bounty land warrants, issued since the eleventh day of February,
eighteen hundred and fojty-seven, and for locating agricultural-college laud-scrip, the same
commission, to be paid by the holder or assignee of each warrant or scrip, as is allowed for
sak-s of the public lands for oash, at the rate of one dollar and twenty-five oents per acre.
6. A fee, in donation oases, of five dollars for each final certificate for one hundred and sixty
acres of land, ten dollars for three hundred and twenty aores, aud lift -on dollars for six hun-
dred and forty acres.
7. In the location of lands by States and corporations under grants from Congress for rail-
roads and other purposes, (except for agricultural colleges, ) a fee of one dollar for each final
location of one hundred and sixty acres; to be paid by the State or corporation making such
location.
8. A fee of five dollars per diem for superinteuding publio land Bales at their respective
offices; and, to each receiver, mileage in going to and returning from depositing the public
moneys received by him.
9. A fee of five dollars for filing and acting upon each application for patent or adverse
claim filed for mineral lands, to be paid by the respective parties.
10. Registers and receivers are allowed, jointly, at the rate of fifteen oents per hundred
words for testimony reduced by them to writing for claimants, in establishing preemption and
homestead rights.
11. A like fee as provided in the preceding subdivision, when such writing is done in the land
office, in establishing claims for mineral lands.
12. Registers and receivers in California. Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Colorado, Idaho,
New Mexioo, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana, are each entitled to oollect and receive
fifty per oentum on the fees and commissions provided for in the first, third, and tenth subdi-
visions of this section.
Lands not Subject to Pre-emption.
Seo. 2258. The following classes of lands, nnless otherwise specially provided for by law,
shall not be subject to the rights of pre-emption, to wit:
1. Lands included in any reservation by any treaty, law, or proclamation of the President,
for any purpose. *
2. Lands included within the limits of any incorporated town, or selected as the sit9 of a
city or town.
3. Lands actually settled and occupied for purposes of trade aud business, aud not for agri-
culture.
4. Lands on which are situated any known salines or mines.
Title to Town Lots subject to Mineral Rights.
Sec. 2386. Where mineral veins are possessed, which possession is recognized by local
authority, aud to the extent so possessed and recognized, the title to town-lots to be acquired
shall be subject to such reconized possession and the necessary use thereof; but nothing con-
tained in this section shall be so construed as to recognize any color of title in possessors for
mining purposes, as against the United States.
Geological Surveys.
Sec. 2406. There shall be no further geological survey by the Government, unless hereafter
authorized by law. The public surveys shall extend over all mineral lands; and all subdividing
of surveyed lands into lots less than one hundred and sixty aores may be done by county and
local surveyors at the expense' of claimants; but nothing in this section contained shall require
the survey of waste or useless lands.
Penalty for the False Making, Altering, etc., of any Instrument or Writing, etc.,
Concerning Lands. etc., in California.
Sec. 2471. Every person who falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits; or causes or pro-
cures to be falsely made, altered, forged or counterfeited; or willingly aids and assists in the false
making, altering, forging, or counterfeiting any petition, certificate, order, report, decree, con-
cession, denouncement, deed, patent, confirmation, disefio, map, expediente, or part of an ex-
pediente, or any title-paper, or evidence of right, title, or claim to lands, mines, or minerals in
California, or any instrument of writing whatever in relation to lands or mines or minerals in the
State of California, for the purpose of setting up or establishing against the United States any
claim, right, or title to lands, mines, or minerals within the State of California, or for the pur-
pose of enabling any person to set up or establish any such claim ; and every person who, for such
purpose, utters or publishes as true and genuine any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited
petition, certificate, order, report, decree, concession, denouncement, deed, patent, confirma-
tion, disefio, map, expediente or part of an expediente. title-paper, evidence of right, title, or
claim to lands or mines or minerals in the State of California, or any instrument of writing
whatever in relation to lands or mines or minerals in the State of California, shall be punisha-
ble Dy imprisonment at hard labor not less than three years and not more than ten years, and
by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars.
Penalty for Falsely Dating any Evidence of Title under Mexican Authority, etc.,
to Lands in California.
Sec. 2472. Every person who makes, or causes or procures to be made, or willingly aids and
assists in making any falsely dated petition, certificate.order.report, decree, concession, denounce-
ment, deed, patent, confirmation, disefio, map, expediente or part of an expediente, or any title-
paper, or written evidenoe of right, title, or claim, under Mexican authority, to any lands,
mines, or minerals in the State of California, or any instrument of writing in relation to lands
or mines or minerals in the State of California, having a false date, or falsely purporting to be
made by any Mexioan officer or authority prior to the seventh day of July, eighteen hundred
and forty-six, for the purpose of setting up or establishing any claim against the United States
to lands or mines or minerals within the State of California, or of enabling any person to set
up or establish any such olaim; and every person who signs his name as governor, secretary, or
other public officer acting under Mexican authority, to any instrument of writing falsely pur-
porting to be a grant, concession, or denouncement under Mexican authority, and during its
existence in California, of lands, mines, or minerals, or falsely purporting to be an informe, re-
port, record, confirmation, or other proceeding on application for a grant, concession, or de ■
nouncement under Mexican authority, during its existence in California, ot lands, mines, or
minerals, shall be punishable as prescribed in the preceding section.
Penalty for Presenting False Evidences of Title, etc., to Lands in California,
and Prosecuting Suits Thereon.
Sec. 2473. Every person who, for the purpose of setting up or establishing any claim against
the United States to lands, mines, or minerals within the State of California, presents, or causes
or procures to be presented, before any court, judge, commission, or commissioner, or other officer
of the United States, any false, forged, altered, or counterfeited petition, certificate, order, report,
decree, concession, denouncement, deed, patent, disefio, map, expediente or part of an expedi-
ente, title-paper, or written evidence of right, title, or claim to lands, minerals, or mines m the
■State of California, knowing the same to be false, forged, altered, or counterfeited, or any falsely
dated petition, certificate, order, report, deoree, concession, denouncement, deed, patent, con-
firmation, disefio, map, expediente, or part of an etpediente. title-paper, or written evidence
of right, title, or claim to lands, mines, or minerals in California, knowing the same to be
falsely dated; and every person who prosecutes in any court of the United States, by appeal or
otherwise any claim against the United States for lands, mines, or minerals m California,
which claim to be founded upon, or evidenced by, any petition, certificate, order, report,
deeree, concession, denouncement, deed, patent, confirmation, diseno, map, expediente, or
part of an expediente, title-paper, or written evidence of right, title, or claim, which has been
forged, altered, counterfeited, or falsely dated, knowing the same to be forged, altered, cou-
nterfeited, or falsely dated, shall be punishable as prescribed in section twenty-four hundred
and seventy -one.
420
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
TABLE OIF TZBZIE L IE .A. ID MINERALS.
Those of use in Metallurgy for the production of Lead are printed in " CAPITALS," those of rarer occurrence are in " lower case," those 90 rare as to be interesting only to soienoe
are in 'Italics."
No.
NAME. NEBa,
Sp'fio
Gbav.
CrtYBTATJiiTKE FOBM.
Physical Cbabacteb.
Chemical Chabaoteb.
Color.
Streak.
Composition.
Peb Ci.
of Lead
1
Altaite, syn. Telluride of
jead. Elasmose. Named
rom the Altai Mountains
n Asia, where it was first
ound.
3.
3.5
8.169
Isometric. Usually mas-
sive; rarely in cubes.
Cleavage cubic, luster me-
tallic, sectile, often rich in
silver.
In open tube fuses and gives fumes of tellurous acid, forming
a white sublimate, which, when strongly heated B. B.
'uses into colorless drops; on Oh. in reducing flame
colors the flame bluish, fuses to a globule, coating the charcoal
near the assay with a metallio ring, outside of which is a brown-
ish coating, entirely volatile, except a trace of silver.
Tin White.
Tellurium 38.3
Lead 61.7
61.7
2
ANGLESITE, syn.Sulphate
>f Lead . Lead vitriol .
31eivitriol. Sardinian.
2.75
3.
6.12
6.35
Orthorhombic, also mas-
sive, granular, and some-
imes stalactitic.
Luster highly adamantine. In
some specimens resinous and
vitreouB. In Inyo Co., Cal., oc-
curs laminated and concretion
ary. Transparent, opaque,
conchoidal. Very brittle.
B. B. decrepitates. Fuses in the flame of a candle. On Oh. in
O. F. fuses to a clear pearl, which on cooling becomes milk
white. R. F. reduces to metallic lead, with eflervesence. Fuses
with soda, gives beads of lead; the fused soda when placed on
bright silver and wet, gives a black stain. Soluble in citrate of
ammonia.
wmte, ting-
ed Yellow,
Gray Green,
some times
Blue, nearly
Black.
Oxide of Lead 73.6
100.0
S
Bindhemite, syn. Antimoni-
ite ol Lead. Bleinerite.
4.
4.76
Amorphous, renif arm,
spheroidal, earthy or as an
Incrustation.
Luster resinous, dull or earthy,
opaque. Is of varying compo-
sition, andis supposed to reBult
rom the decomposition of anti-
monialoreB.
In closed tube gives water. B. B. on Ob. reduced to metallic
globules of antimony and lead, coating the Ch. near the assay
.emon yellow, beyond which is seen the white coating of anti-
mony.
White, Gray
Brownish
Yellowish.
Grayish,
Yellowish.
Oxide of Lead 61.38
Water 6.46
99.65
4
BOULANGERITE, syn.
3ulphuret of Antimony and
jead. Emhrithite.
2.5
3.
6.
In plumose masses, show-
ng in the fracture a crys-
iilline structure. Granu-
ar; compact.
Luster metallic.
When heated decrepitates. Fuses very easily. Iu closed
mbe gives a faint sublimate. In open tube gives sulphurous
fumes and a white sublimate of oxide of antimony. IS. B. on
Oh. nearly all volatilizes. With soda yields beads of lead.
Bluish
Lead Gray,
often cover-
ed with Yel-
low spots.
Antimony 23.1
Lead 08.7
100.0
S
Oaledonite, syn. Cupreous
3ulphato-Carbonate of Lead.
1.5-3
6.4
Orthorhombic. Crystals
generally small.
Translucent. Fracture une-
ven, brittle.
B. B. on Ch. easily reduced to the metallic state. Partly
soluble in nitric acid, with slight effervescence, leaving residue
of sulphate of lead.
Vera igris
Green, blu-
ish Green
White.
Carbonate of " 32.8
" of Copper 11.4
100.00
6
CERUSITE, syn.Uarbonate
of Lead. This mineral results
rom decomposition of ga-
ena. The first change being
;o sulphate by oxidation of
;he sulphur, then to carbon-
ate by action of carb. of lime
3.
3.5
6.48
Orthorhombic, often found
showiDg the cubic form oi
galena.
Occurs sometimes granular,
massive, compaot, rarely fibrous
sometimes stalactitic. Luster
adamantine, inclining to vitre-
ous or lesinous.sometimes pearly
transparent, sub-transparent.
Eracture conchoidal, brittle.
In closed tube decrepitates and turns yellow, at a high heat
becomes red but changes to yellow again on cooling. B. B. on
Jh. fu&eB easily and yields malleable globules of lead, coat-
ing the coal yellow. Dissolves in nitric acid, with effervescence.
White, Gray
Grayiah Blk
often ting'd
Gre en 0 r
Blue.byCop-
per.
HUncolored.
Carbonic Acid 16.6
100.0
7
ClaustAalite, syu. Selenide
of Lead.
2.6-3
Isometric.
Occurs commonly in fine
granular masses .sometimes foli-
ited, cleavage cubic , lustre me-
tallic, opaque, fracture granular
and shining, looks much like
free grained galena, but bluer.
Decrepitates in a closed tube. In open tube gives odor of
selenium, (horse radish) and red sublimate. B. B. on Oh,
strong odor of selenium, coating coal near assay gray,
with red border, (selenium,) and after longer heating yellow,
(lead) . When pure volatilizing entirely.
Bluish lead
Gray.
Darker.
Lead 72.4
100.0
8
Cotivnnitc, syn. Chloride of
Lead.
easily
jcratc
aedby
the
nail
5.238
Orthorhombic.
In acicular crystals. Luster
adamantine, inclining to silky
or pearly.
B. B. on Ch. melts easily, spreads out on the coal And
volatilizes, giving a coating which is white, tinged with yellow
at the inner edge. In R. F. coating disappears, ting-
ing flame blue, with soda gives beads of lead, if added to a
Dead of microcoBmic salt, saturated with oxide of copper, ting-
es flame blue, soluble in 22 parts hot water.
White.
Lead 74.5
100.0
9
CORNEOUS LEAD, syn.
Phosgenite of Dana. Chloro-
3ar Donate of Lead.
2.76-3
6.31
Tetragonal.
Luster adamantine, trans-
parent. Translucent, sectile.
B. B. melts easily to a yellow globule, which on cooling be-
comes white and crystalline. On Ch. in R. F., gives bead
of metallic lead and white coating of chloride of
■:■ art. In bead of microcosm ic salt, saturated with oxide of cop-
per, gives blue color to flame, (chlorine.) Dissolves with
effervescence iu nitric acid.
White,
Gray,"
Yellow.
White.
Chloride of Lead 61
100
10
OROOOITE, syn. Cnromate
of Lead. Crocoisite.
2.6-3
5.9-6.1
Monoclinic.
Luster adamantine. Vitre-
ous, translucent, Bectile.
In a closed tube blackens and decrepitates, but recovers its
color again on cooling. B. B. fuses easily on Oh., is reduced to
metallic lead, with deflagration, leaving a green residue of ox-
de of chromium and coating the Ch. yellow, with microcoBmic
salt, gives a green bead in both flames, fused with bi-sulphate
of potash in a platinum spoon, gives a dark purple mass.
Var i 0 u B
made s of
Hyacinth
Red.
Orange Yel-
low.
Chromic Acid 31.1
100.0
11
Dvfrenoysitt.
3.
5.540
6.562
Orthorhombic.
Luster metallic opaque, brit-
tle.
Fuses easily, and gives a sublimate of sulphur and arsenic,
[n an open tube smells of sulphur only, with a sublimate of
sulphur in the upper part of the tube and one of arseniouB acid
Delow. On Oh. decrepitates, melts, yields fumes of arsenic and
a globule of lead, the lead sometimes gives silver on cupellation.
Blackish
Lead Gray.
Brown.
Arsenic 20.72
Lead 67.18
100.00
12
GALENA, syn. Sulphuret
of Lead.
2.5
2.75
7.25
7.7
Isometric
Luster metallic. Eracture
sub-conchoidal. Frangible. One
of the most abundant ores of
lead.
In open tube gives sulphurous fumes. B. B. on Ch. fuses,
emits sulphurous acid, coats the Ch. yellow, and yields a glob-
ule of lead, soluble in nitric acid, often contains silver.
Lead Gray.
Lead Gray.
Lead 86. 6
100.0
13
Geocronite, syn. Sulphuret
of Lead and Antimony. Oc-
curs in Inyo County, Oal.
with Galena and Cerasite.
2.3
6.4
6.6
Orthorhombic.
Luster metallic. Fracture
uneven.
Decrepitates and fuses easily . In a closed tube Rives a faint
sublimate of sulphur and sulphide of antimony. In open tube
gives fumes of sulphurous acid, and white sublimate of oxide
of antimony. B. B. almoBt entirely volatilizes, coating Oh. white
on the outer edge, and dark yellow near the assay, with BOda
in R. F. gives beads of lead, soluble in hot muriat-
ic acid, fumes smelling of sulphuretted hydrogen. Chloride of
lead forms in cooling.
Light Lead
Gray.
Light Lead
Gray.
Antimony 16.1
Lead 66.8
100.0
11
Jamtsonite, syn. Hetero-
morphite. Plumose Antimo-
ny. Sulphuret of Lead, An-
timony and Iron.
2.3
5,5
6.8
Orthorhombic. Usually
in acicular crystals, also
amorphous, massive.
Same as Geocronite.
Lead 43.7
Antimony 32.2
Iron 3.0
100.0
15
Kobellite, Byu. Sulphuret of
Lead, Antimony and BiB-
muth.
Soft.
6.29
6.32
ResembleB gray antimony,
but brighter in luster. Struc-
ture radiated.
B. B. in a closed tube fuses and gives a faint sublimate of
sulphur, in open tube sulphurous fumes and sublimate of ox-
ide of antimony. On Oh. fuses, gives coating of lead and anti-
mony. Dissolves in concentrated muriatic acid, giving off at
the same time fumes of sulphuretted hydrogen.
Blackls h
Lead Gray,
Steel Gray.
Black.
Sulphur 16.8
Lead 64.4
Bismuth 16.2
Antimony 10.6
100.0
61.4
16
Lanarkite, syn. Sulphate
and Oarbouate of Lead .
2.5
6.3
7
Honoullnic.
Luster of cleavage; face
pearly, other parts adaman-
tine, inclining to resinous.
Transparent, translucent. La.
minse flexible as in gypsum.
B. B. on Ch. easily reduced. Partly dissolves in nitric acid,
with effervescence, leaving a residue of sulphate of lead.
Greenish
White, Pale
Yellow 0 r
Gray.
White.
Sulphate of Lead 53.15
Carb. of Lead 46.85
100.00
72.71
17
Leadhillite, syn. Sulpho-
Carbonate of Lead.
2.5
G.26
6.44
Orthorhombic.
Luster pearly, resinous, ada-
mantine. Transparent, trans-
lucent. Rather sectile.
B. B. intumesces, fuses easily and turns yellow, but white
on cooling, easily reduced on Oh. "With soda gives reaction of
sulphuric acid. Partly soluble in nitric acid, with effervescence,
leaving white residue of sulphate of lead.
White, Yel-
low, Green
or Gray.
Uncolored.
Carbonate of lead 72.56
100.^0
74.93
18
Linarite, syn.CupreousSul-
phate of Lead.
2.6
5.3
;5.45
Monoclinic.
Luster vitreous or adamantine
Translucent. Fracture conchoi-
dal. Brittle.
In closed tube gives water and loses its blue color. B. B. on
Oh. fuses easily to a pearly bead and in reducing flame
yields a metaUic bead, which if fused with boracic acid gives a
bead of copper, with soda and silver gives the reaction of sul-
phuric acid, decomposed by nitric acid, leaving a white residue
of sulphate of lead.
Deep Azure
Blue.
Pale Blue.
Sulphate of Lead 74.8
Oxide of Copper 19.7
Water 5.6
100.0
51. 06
10
MelanochroUe, syn. Phce
nikochroite of Dana.
3.6
5.76
Orthorhombic. Crystals
usually tabular.
Luster resinous or adaman-
tine. Glimmering, translucent,
opaque.
B. B. on Ch. 'fuses easily to a dark mass, which is crystalline
when cold. In R. F. on Ch., yields globules of lead and green
oxide of chromium, coating the charcoal at the sume time
with oxide of lead.
Between Co-
chineal an.
Hyacinth
Red.
Brick Red.
Chromic Acid 23.1
Protoxide of Lead 76.9
100.0
71.38
20
Mimetite. syn. Campy
lite. Arsenate of Lead
Green Lead ore.
3.5
7.
7.25
Hexagonal.
Luster resinous. Sub-trans-
parent. Translucent.
In closed tube gives a white sublimate of chloride of lead.
B. B. fuses easily, and on Ch. gives in R. F., odor of
arsenic and 1b easily reduced to a bead of lead, coating the Ch.
first with chloride of lead and afterwards with oxide of lead,
and arsenious acid, gives a reaction of chlorine with micrbcosmic
salt, and oxide of copper, soluble in nitric acid.
Pale Orange
Orange Yel-
low, White
or colorless.
White.
Arsenate of Lead 90.66
chloride of Lead 9.34
100.00
62.26
21
Minium, syn. Red Oxidt
of Lead. Occurs in severa
localities in California.
2-3
4.6
Pulverulent. Under mi
croscope, crystalline scales
Luster faint greasy, dull
opaque.
B, B. yields beads of lead.
Vivid Red.
Orange Yel-
low.
Lead 90.66
Oxygen 9.34
100.00
90.66
22
Matlockite.
2.6
3.
7.21
Tetragonal crystals, gen
ally tabular.
Transparent, translucent
Luster adamantine, sometimes
pearly.
In a closed tube decrepitates and becomes more yellow. B.
B. on Ch. fuseB easily and ie reduced to metallic lead, acid
f units being at the same time given off. A white coating ol
chloride of lead forms on the coal, the inner edge of whicb
is yellow. Gives a reaction of chlorine, soluble in nitric
acid.
Clear Yel-
1 0 w i s h ,
Bometl m e s
Greenish.
Chloride of Lead 65.5
Oxide of Lead 41.6
100.0
82.67
28
Mendipite, syn. Chloride oi
Lead.
2.6
3.
7.
7.1
Orthorhombic. Occurs in
fibrous masBes, often radia
ted.
Luster pearly and somewhat
adamantine upon cleavage fa-
ces. Feebly translucent,
opaque.
The same as Matlockite.
White, ting-
ed Yellow
Red or Blue
White.
Chloride of Lead 38.4
Oxide of Lead 61.6
100.0
84.77
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND
SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
421
Ho
Nam*.
Ham>
Hsae
Sp'nc
Crtstaujue Form.
Phtsical Characteb.
Chemical Cbabacteb.
Coloii.
6tb£ak.
OOMPOBmON.
PerCt.
■jf Lead
U
Ifagyagiu. B)-n. Black Tel-
lurium.
1.
1.5
6.85
7.2
Tetragonal, generally fo
listed .
Luter nvttlhe. Splendent
opaque, aectile, flexible, in thin
lamina:.
In open tube vives a sublimate, which when strongly heated,
fuses into culorleBS drops, (tellurium,) B. B. on Ch. forms
two coatings, one white and volatile, composed of telluride
and sulphate of lead, the other less volatile and of a yellow
color, (oxide of lead) . If the mineral is heated for some time
in the 0. F„ a globule of gold is left, which, cupelled
with lead, assumes a brilliant gold color. Decomposed by
uitro-iuuria tic acid.
B 1 a c Uah.
Lead Gray.
Bl ackish
Lead Gray
Lead 60.76
Gold 9.11
Silver .53
Copper .98
Sulphur 8.07
Tellurium 30.52
100.00
60.78
thick, tabular, aUo massive
and granular.
Luster metallic, opaque, brit-
tle.
Same as Geocronite.
Lead Gray.
Sulphur 21.3
Antimony 38.2
Laid 40.6
100.0
10.5
Plamolc Uohre. Oxide of
Lewi.
7.88
8.2
crystalline, earthy.
Luster dull, opaque, does not
soil.
B. B. fuses easily to a yellow glass. On Ch. easily reduced
to a metallic lead globule.
Between
Sulphur k
0 r p iment
Yellow.
Lighter
than color.
Oxygen 7.17
Lead 92.83
H'0.00
92.8.3
bo resiulte. Alunilni atu of
Lead.
1-5
6.4
Iioniform, globular.botry-
oidal. In thin crusts, also
compact, massive.
Luster reBlnouB or gum like,
translucent, fragile. This rare
mineral looks like drops of
gum.
In closed tube decrepitates and yields water. B. B. in for-
ceps swells and colors the flame blue, with soda gives a bead of
lead. If the asriay is first wet with a solution of nitrate ol co-
balt, and then strongly heated, it becomes blue (alumina) , sol-
uble in nitric acid.
Ye llowish
Qwy, Re d-
diehBrowu,
also. Yel-
luwisb.
White.
TJncolored.
Composition varies
Example as follows:
Phosphoric Acid 16.18
Sulphuric Acid JO
Alumina 2.H8
Oxide of Lead 70.85
Water j,^
Chloride of Lead y.is
99.73
73.12
38
Pyromorphtte, Byn. Phoe
phate of Lead.
3.5
i.
7.1
Hexagonal, often globu-
lar.renlform and botryoidal,
also flbroua and granular.
Lueter reslnouB, sub-trans-
oarent, sub-translucent, frac-
ture Bub-conchoidal, uneven,
brittle.
In a closed tube gives a white sublimate (chloride of lead).
B. B. in forceps fuses easily, coloring flume greenish blue, with
eoda on Ch. yields metallic lead in a bead of microcosmic Bait,
saturated with oxide of copper colors flame intense blue,
(chlorine) . Solublein nitrlo acid.
Green, Yel-
low, Brown,
sometim e s
WaxYellow,
to 0 range,
someti m e s
Orange Yel-
low.
White.
Composition varies,
sometimes contuins
lime or arsenic. When
pure:
PhosphateofLead 89.27
Chloride of Lead 9.66
Phoa&Fluoflead 1-07
100.00
29
StoUiU, syn. 6cheeletlDe.
ruogbUie of Lead.
2.75
3.
8.13
Tetragonal.
Luster resinons, sub-adaman-
tine, faintly translucent.
B. B. decrepitates and easily fuses to a crystalline, lustrous
motallio pearl. With soda a lead head is obtained, with micro-
cosmic salt in 0. F. a colorless glass, which in R. F. becomes
blue on cooling. Decomposed by nitric acid, leaving a yellow
residue of tungstic acid.
Green, Yel-
lowish Gray
Brown, Red
TJncolored,
Tungstic Acid 51.00
Oxide of Lead' 49.00
100.00
15.67
30
VanadiniU, Byn. Vuua<Ute
of Lead.
2.75
6.66
7.23
Hexagonal, usually in im-
planted globuleB or incrus-
tations.
Lu Bter of surf ace of fracture res-
inous Bub-translucent, opaque,
fracture uneven or flat, con-
choidal, brittle.
In closed tube decrepitates and yields a faint white subli-
mate. B. B. fuses easily, on Oh. to a black lustrous
mass, which in K. F. yields a metallic lead and a coating of
chloride of lead. After perfectly oxidizing the lead In 0. F.
the black residue gives with microcosmic salt an emerald
green bead, which in K. F. becomes brightyellow. In 0. F.
gives chlorine reaction. Fused with three parts of bi-Bulphate
of potash, forms a clear yellow mass, which on cooling reddens,
becoming finally a pomegranate yellow color. Decomposed by
muriatic acid. If nitric acid be dropped on the crystals they
become first a deep red, and when dissolved, yellow.
Light Brow
niBh, Yel-
lowish--
Straw Y e 1
low R e d -
dish Brown
White or
Yellowish.
Vanadate of lead 90.3
Chloride of Lead 9.7
100.00
08.61
31
VauqucliniU,sya. Obromate
of Laid and Copper.
2.5
3.
5.5
5.78
Monoclinic. Cr y s t a 1 b
nBually minute and irregu-
larly aggregated, also ren>-
form, botryoidal, granular
and amorphous.
Luster adamantine to resin-
oub, faintly translucent, opaque,
fracture uneven, rather brittle.
B. B. on Ch. slightly intumesceB and fuses to a gray bud-
metallic globule, yielding at the same time globules of metal.
With borax or microcoBmic salt yields a green transparent
»lass in the outer flame, which in the inner, after cooling, is
red or black, according to the quantity of the mineral used. Red
color more distinct if a little tin is added to the bead. Partly
soluble in nitric acid.
Green to
Biown, Ap-
ple Green,
SIskinGre'n
Olive Green
ochre brown
nearly bl'ck
3 r e e n i sh
Brownish.
Oxide of Lead 61.4
Oxide of Copper 10.0
Chromic Acid 27.7
100.0
56 65
32
Wnlfenite, Byn. Molybdate
of Lead. Yellow Lead Spar.
[*bls Is not a rare mineral
on the Pacific Coast, but is
oot found in sufficient
quantity to be of economic
mine.
2.75
3
6.08
7.01
Tetragonal.
LuBter resinous or adaman-
tine, transparent, fracture con-
choidal, brittle.
B. B. decrepitateB and easily fuses. With borax in 6. F.
gives a colorless glass. In R. F. it becomes opaque, black or
lirty green, with black flocks. With microcosmio salt in 0.
P. gives a yellowish green glass, which in R. F. becomes green.
With soda on Ch. gives metallic lead. Decomposed in evapora-
;ion with muriatic acid, forming molybdic acid and chloride of
lead, on moistening the residue with water and adding metal-
.lc zinc, an intenBe blue color appears, which doeB not fade
when diluted with water.
Wax Yellow
passing into
Grange Yel-
lo w also
sigkinGreeu
olive green,
Yello wish
gray, brown
orange, red.
White.
Molybdic Acid 38.5
Oxide of Lead 61.5
100.0
66.66
33
Zinkenitt, Byn. Sulphide of
Joad and Antimony.
3.
3.5
6.30
5.35
Orthorhombio, eometlmeB
columnar, fibrous or mas
stye.
Luster metallic, opaque, frac-
:ure slightly uneven.
Decrepitates and fuses very easily. In closed tube gives
Taint sublimate of Bulphur and sulphide of antimony. In open
tube sulphurous fumes and white sublimate of oxide of anti-
mony. B. B. on Ch. is almost entirely volatilized, giving a
coating which on the outer edge is white and near the assay
dark yellow. With soda in R. F. yields globules of lead. Sol-
able in hot muriatic acid, sulphuretted hydrogen being given
off, and chloride of lead separating on cooling.
Steel Gray.
Steel Gray.
Sulphur 22.1
Antimony 42.6
Lead 35.3
100.0
35.1
1
'
l^ead.
[Written for the Pbess by Henby. G. Hamkb.]
Metallic lead has a bluish gray color. It is
usually tarnished, in which case it has no luster,
but when freshly cut shows a surfaoe highly
metallic and brilliant. It is a soft metal, very
malleable, easily fusible, and volatile at a white
heat. It is scarcely acted on by hydrochloric
aoid or dilute sulphuric acid; but moderately
dilute nitric acid dissolves it, more readily if
heat is applied.
The presence of lead in any substance con-
taining it may with certainty and ease be de-
termined by heating the sample on a piece of
well burned willow charcoal, in one portion of
which — nearest the flame — a small cavity or de-
pression has been made, in which the assay
may be placed, a little carbonate of soda added
and the flame of an oil lamp or large candle
tnrned upon it by means of the mouth
blow-pipe. The direction of the flame at first
should be downwards until the assay begins to
melt, after which it should be blown softly and
nearly horizontally across the charcoal. If
lead is present in the assay a coating will form
on the charcoal which is lemon yellow when
hot, and sulphur yellow when cold. OLher
volatile substances which may be present will
also form coatings, but they will be distinct,
and at distances more remote from the assay,
nor will they be the same color. Zinc, like lead,
gives a yellow coating, which fco the inexper-
ienced might lead. to mistakes, but if the char-
coal is allowed to cool the zinc coating will
become white, by which reaction it may be
distinguished.
The following are the reagents used in the
determination of lead in the wet way, and the
reactions which occur:
Hydrosnlphuric acid or sulphide of ammo-
nium added to solutions of lead salts gives black
precipitates of sulphide of lead which are not
soluble in cold dilute acids, alkalies, alkaline
sulphides or cyanide of potassium, but the
precipitate may be decomposed by boiling
nitric acid. The acid must be dilute or a part
of the lead will be changed to the sulphate and
remain insoluble.
Soda, potassa and ammonia throw down
basic salts of lead in the form of white precip-
itates which arft insoluble in ammonia. The
exception is solution of acetate of lead, from
which pure ammonia (free from carbonate)
does not immediately produce a precipitate, a
soluble triacetate of lead being formed.
Carbonate of soda produces a white precipi-
tate of basic carbonate of lead, when added in
solution to the solution of any lead salt. This
precipitate is not soluble in excess of the pre-
cipitant nor in cyanide of potassium.
Hydrochloric acid or the soluble chlorides
produce in solutions of the lead salts, if concen-
trated, a heavy precipitate of chloride of lead,
which is soluble in a large quantity of warm
water.
Sulphuric acid and sulphates throw down
from lead solutions a heavy precipitate of sul-
phate of lead, which is nearly insoluble in
water and dilute acids, but dissolves readily in
solution of citrate of ammonia.
Ghromate of potassa when added to solution
containing lead throws down a beautiful yellow
precipitate of chroroate of lead, which dissolves
in potassa, but which is nearly insoluble in
nitric acid.
It should be understood that the above rea-
gents -are in solution, and are to be added in
every case to solutions of substances contain-
ing lead.
Lead occurs in nature in a variety of forms,
but most of the metal furnished to commerce
13 from galena or sulphuret of lead. Native
lead is reported as occurring in globules at Als-
ton Moor, and at the mines near Carthagena,
Spain, but never in sufficient quantity to work,
or even to furnish specimens for the cabinet of
the miueralogist.
Galena, the most abundant ore of lead, has a
metallic luster. Its color and streak are pure
lead gray. When broken it is still cubic in form,
even when reduced to the finest powder. It
always contains silver and sometimes selenium,
zinc, cadmium, manganese, gold, antimony,
copper and iron. Even platinum is said to be
found in galena in France.
It is a mistake to suppose that any external
appearance indicates the quantity of silver in
a sample of galena.
There is a variety of galena which is called
supersulphuretted lead. The excess of sul-
phur results from the decomposition of a por-
tion of the galena, setting the sulphur free.
There are several minerals which resemble
galena, and may easily be mistaken for it. The
most common is micaceous iron, a variety of
hematite. The resemblance of this mineral to
galena is sometimes so striking as to deceive
the inexperienced. It may, however, be distin-
guished by the following tests: When heated
on charcoal it gives off no odor of sulphur, nor
can it be fused before the blow-pipe. No
metallic beads are formed when carbonate of
soda is added. After strong beating it becomes
red, and on cooling is found to be attractable
by the magnet.
Galena in Missouri and Illinois has been ex-
tensively worked. The largest deposits in the
world are in the Western States, and that ore
is there found associated with limestone,
blende, carbonate and sulphate of lead, pyrites,
and often an ore of copper aDd cobalt.
The lead region of Wisconsin comprises
sixty-two townships, eight in Iowa, ten in Illi-
nois, being eighty-seven miles in diameter,
from east to west, and fifty-four miles from
north to south. Throughout this region there
is scarcely a square mile in which traces of lead
may not be found. From a siugle spot not ex-
ceeding fifty yards square, three million
pounds of ore have been raised, and in one of
the townships two men have raised 16,000
pounds in a day. The mines of the upper
Mississippi afford about 760,000 pigs annually,
and those of Missouri about 150,000 pigs.
In 1874 the production of lead in California
more than doubled, while in the same year that
of England decreased 17,000 tons.
For making white lead Eastern corroders pre-
fer the Missouri lead to any other.
To give the reader some idea of the produc-
tion of lead in the United States, the following
statistics for the year 1874 have been compiled
TONS.
Missouri 15,000
California 8,000
New York, )
Newark, J 6,500
Philadelphia, )
Iowa, )
Illinois, [ 5,500
Wisconsin, J
Omaha 5,800
Salt Lake 3,500
In 1874 the Union Pacific railroad carried
East 3,500 tons refined lead and 15,000 tons
bullion, by which is meant lead carrying more
or less of the precious metals.
Explanation of the Accompanying Table.
Abbreviations: syn. — synonym; all the names
following this abbreviation allude to the same
mineral, being names given by different authors ;
B. B. — before the blow-pipe; Ch.— charcoal;
O.F.— oxidizing flame; It. F. — reducing flame.
This table gives the reactions of pure minerals.
What is meant by a mineral is an inorganic sub-
stance, every portion of which has the same
chemical compo&ition. Ores may be pure miner-
TONS.
Chicago 2,200
46,500
Imported 18,000
U. S Sales 4,000
5,500
als.or may be aggregations of minerals. The de-
finition of "ore," being any mineral substance
which is mined and worked for the production
of one or more metals, no matter what its con-
stituents may be. Thus a mixture of gangue
with one or more lead minerals interspeised
through it, would be called "lead ore." If it
contained sufficient silver or minerals con-
taining silver, to be more valuable for the
production of that metal, it would be called
"silver ore," although it contain lead. This
being understood an example will folly illus-
trate the use of the table.
The substance (which must be as found in
nature), is tested for lead in the manner be-
fore described. If it is found to contain lead,
it must be examined carefully to see if it is
uniform, and not a mixture. The eye alone
cannot be trusted, a fragment must be broken
from the specimen and examined by a good
microscope, a portion must then be pulverized
and again magnified and examined. If found
to be homogeneous, the table may be consulted.
Suppose the color to be orange yellow; by look-
ing in the column devoted to the color of min-
erals, it will be found that, although a number
of minerals are yellowish, yet only four are
found to be orange yellow. It may be ex-
plained here that where several colors are
mentioned, following each other, it should be
understood that the mineral has been found
possessing these colors, of course in different
specimens.
The orange yellow minerals are masnicot,
pyromoiphite, wulfenite, and mimetite. Wiih
the almost certainty that the mineral is one of
these, the columns headed Physical Character
and Chemical Character may be consulted.and a
few experiments will lead to. its identification.
By "streak" is meant the color of the mark
made by some scratching instrument; for ex-
ample, a piece of slate is black, but if a scratch
is made on it with a hard substance, the streak
will be white. In many minerals the color
and streak are the same.
In the column headed "Physical Charac-
ter," descriptive words follow each other in
mo^t cases as, "transparent," "opaque." This
means that the mineral is sometimes trans-
parent, while in other specimens it is opaque.
Assays in the Dry and Wet Way.
The assay of lead in the dry way is never
absolutely correct, for several reasons. 1st.
From the volatile nature of all lead compounds,
making the result too small. 2d. From the
tendency of other metals to alloy with the lead,
as gold, silver, copper, antimony, etc. giving
422
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
results too great. 3d. When sulphur is present
some of the lead sulphide is liable to form a
slag or "matte" without being^ decomposed,
and thus to escape determination. Notwith-
standing these sources of error, yet such as-
says approximate to the working of the ores in
a large way, and when carefully made and ver-
ified by proofs, are generally accepted as cor-
rect.
The wet assay, although attended with some
difficulties, is by far the moat accurate and re-
liable.
Before lead ores are prepared for assay in the
dry way, regard must be had to their chemical
character. It is best to divide them into
classes, each of which must be treated by a
different process.
Class 1. Ores containing either sulphur or
selenium, or both.
Example: Galena, clausthalite, lead matte
or regains, furnace products, etc.
Class 2. Ores containing oxide of lead com-
bined with various mineral acids, sulphuric
acid, chromic acid, phosphoric acid, arsenic
acid, carbonic acid, etc.
Example: Anglesite, oerusite, pyromorphite,
etc.
Class 3. Metallic lead alloyed with other
metals.
Distinguishing Minerals.
It is easy to distinguish to which class a
specimen of lead mineral belongs. It has al-
ready been shown how to test a mineral for
lead. After doing so observe if it has a metal-
lic luster and a certain degree of malleability,
showing a bright metallic streak when freshly
cut. It will not be difficult to determine if it
is an alloy by these tests. If so, it evidently
belongs to class 3. If not, fuse a small
piece with carbonate of soda on charcoal; when
cold remove the slaggy mass and place it on a
clean silver ooin and add a few drops of water.
If the silver is blackened so that the stain can-
not be washed off with water, the mineral con-
tains sulphur or selenium in some form. Be-
fore testing for sulphur with carbonate of soda
and silver, the purity of the soda must be
proved by wettirjg a small portion of it and
laying it on the bright silver. If pure, no
blackening will appear. If the reverse should
be the case, the reagent is worthless and should
not be used; such soda can be purified, but the
process cannot be explained here. As sul-
phate of lead belonging to class 2 gives the
same reaction, a second piece of the ore must
be placed in a clean glass tube, four or five
inches long, open at both ends, and heated
while holding the tube in an inclined position.
If sulphur is present as a sulphide, or if sel-
enium is present, "the smell can easily be re-
cognized if the upper end of the tube is held
near the nose. If sulphur, the smell of burn-
ing sulphur will be observed. If selenium,
that of rotten horseradish will be distinguished.
If no sulphur is detected (class 1) the sub-
stance belongs to class 2.
Having decided to which class the substance
belongs, it may be pulverized, passed through
a sixty mesh sieve and thoroughly mixed. If
in a metallic state (class 3j a portion may
be cut off with a cold chisel, rolled out thin
and cut into shreds with a pair of scissors, or
may be drilled and the borings taken for assay.
Assaying Average Samples.
It is often required to sample a number of
lead bars, and to mak6 an assay representing
the average of tbem all. The best method of
proceeding is to drill a hole into each
bar deep enough to obtain borings suf-
ficient for duplicate assays. To insure a cor-
rect result it is best to take a portion from sev-
eral parts of each bar; the samples should be
numbered or marked to correspond with a sim-
ilar mark or number on the bar. The bars
are then weighed. If of uniform weight, equal
portions by weight of the borings are thoroughly
mixed and a portion of the mixture assayed ac-
cording to the directions to follow. If of un-
equal weights, the same weight in grammes of
each, corresponding to the weight of the bar
in pounds, are mixed for assay. If extreme
accuracy iB desired, the result may be verified
by making single assays of each sample, and
taking the mean of the result."
Assaying First-Class Ores.
There are a number of methods of assaying
ores of the first class, each one having its own
advocates.
1st. Fusion with carbonate of potash. In case
the ore contains but little sulphurets other than
those of lead, but more or lessof earthy matter.
2d. Fusion with black flux. (Black flux is
made by mixing two parts of argol and one
part nitre in an iron vessel, setting the mixture
on fire and allowing it to burn).
3d. Fusion with or without flaxes in wrought
iron crucibles.
4th. Fusion with carbonate of soda and nitre.
5th. Fusion in clay crucibles with fluxes
and metallic iron.
For all practical purposes the last mentioned
is the best, and tbe modification proposed by
Mitchell is Bimple and accurate.
For the assay, ordinary sand crucibles, tri-
angular at the top, are used (called Hessian
crucibles). The most convenient size is four
and one-half inches high. It is recommended
to Bmear them inside with plumbago, but I have
never found this precaution nectssary.
Twenty grammes of the ore are weighed out
and plated in the orucible, five grammes of
argol, twenty grammes carbonate of soda, five
grammes carbonate of potash, ten grammes of
pulverized borax are added, and the whole
thoroughly mixed with a spoon or spatula;
three large nails are then placed head down-
ward, one in each corner. They mast be
pushed down to the bottom of the crucible,
and the crucible tapped on the mixing table
when the mixed contents form a level sutface
around the nails. The surface of the assay
must then be covered with common salt
(twenty grammes will be about the amount
required) and the crucible again tapped on tbe
table to settle all down evenly and compactly;
ten grammes of borax in lumps is put loosely on
top, and the crucible is ready for the fire; a
second crucible must be prepared exactly like
the first for the duplicate assay. No single assay
should be trusted.
Precautions in Fusing.
I have given the quantities of the fluxes by
weight, but after practice the assayer will be
able to mix the assays by using a spoon about
the size of an ordinary tablespoon and judging of
the quantities by his eye. A little more or less
of the fluxes does not materially matter. He
will soon be able to judge of the quantity re-
quired and from the appearance of his crucible
in the, fire know what to add to make it fuse
freely. Any addition that may be required may
be made by wrapping the dry flux in a piece of
paper and dropping it into the hot crucible
with the cupel tongs. There are certain pre-
cautions to be observed in fusing the assay.
Too hot a fire is apt to volatilize a portion of
the lead,' causing loss, while too slow a fire does
not effect the perfect fusion of the assay and
the globules which form cannot gravitate to
the bottom, there to form a single prill or but-
ton. It is best to commence with a good fire
which has burnt rather low, but in a hot fur-
nace. The crucibles are placed on the hot
coals and fresh fuel built up around them by
putting in charcoal or coke as the case may be,
in lumps singly with the cupel tongs. The
dampers and doors of the furnace are then ar-
ranged so as to produce the best draft. When
the fresh fuel is igniting the fusion progresses
slowly. The furnace soon becomes very hot^
which is the exact condition required for the
finishing of the fusion. The crucibles which
are at first covered must toward the end be un-
covered and the covers need not again be re-
placed. When the assays are in the most per-
fect state of fusion the crucibles may be re-
moved one at a time with suitable crucible
tongs. As soon as removed from the furnace
a rotary motion should be given to them (soon
learned by practice). This motion causes the
fluid slag to sweep round the inside of the
crucible, washing down to the oenter any stray
globules. The nails are then removed by taking
them out one by one with the cupel tongs,
washing off any adhering lead by rinsing them
in the liquid slag. When the nails are removed
the crucible is tapped against the brick floor or
against any hard non-inflammable substance,
and set in some convenient and safe place to
cool.
When cold the crucible must be broken on
an anvil and the button of lead hammered into
a cube and weighed. Both buttons should
weigh alike or nearly so.
Calculating Percentage.
The calculation of percentage is simple. Sup-
pose the twenty grammes of ore contained 9.4.62
grammes of lead ; it is clear that 100 grammes of
lead would contain five times as much. The num-
ber of parts in one hundred being the percent-
age, the result would be as follows:
9.162X5=47.31 per cent.
Antinonial GUeia. .,
Galena often contains antimony in the form
of sulphuret, in which case the method de-
scribed above would not give correot results.
The presence of antimony may be proved by
reducing a bead with carbonate of soda on
charcoal. If the ore contains antimony white
fumes will be given off and a white coating on
the charcoal will be seen more distant from
the assay than the yellow coating of lead ; or the
finely pulverized ore may be shaken up with a
solution of caustic potash, the solution filtered
and acidulated with a strong acid; a yellow pre-
cipitate of sulphide of antimony will fall if the
ore contains sulphuret of antimony.
Antimonal galenas may be treated in such a
way as to obtain the lead pure, or all the anti-
mony combined with the lead.
To obtain the lead only, the assay must be
mixed with four times its weight of oarbonate
of soda covered with salt, lumps of borax placed
on top, and treated in the furnace exactly as
described in the first operation. No nails should
be added.
To obtain the lead and antimony together
mix the assay with equal parts by weight of
cyanide of potassium and carbonate of soda.
It is sometimes found to be economical and
not objectionable to pour the assay into a small
concave mould instead of breaking the cruci-
ble, which may be used for subsequent assays.
This should never be done unless in cases
where many assays are to be made of ore from
the same mine.
Wet Assays of First-Class Ores.
Assays of the ores of the first class may be
made by the humid method as follows:
Pulverize the ore very finely, weigh ten
grammes carefully, boil in a flask with twenty
C.C. of strong nitric acid on a sand bath until
the ore is completely decomposed and no more
red fumes are given off. Pour out carefully
into an evaporating dish and evaporate to com-
plete dryness. Care must be taken in this op-
eration that no violent spirting or decrepitation
of the assay takes place by which any part may
be lost. When the dry mass is cold it must be
boiled with a strong solution of carbonate
of soda. It should then be poured on a
filter and well washed with distilled water.
Dilate acetic acid is then cautiously ad-
ded, by which it is dissolved and passes through
the filter into a clean beaker which must be
placed to receive it. When the solutionis com-
plete every portion of the solution must be
washed from the filter with distilled water.
Earthy matters remain in the filter.
If dilute sulphuric acid is now added to tbe
contents of the beaker the whole of the lead is
thrown down as sulphate, which may be thrown
on a weighed filter and thoroughly washed with
distilled water and alcohol, dried at the tem-
perature of 212 degrees Fahr., and weighed.
The weight of the filter must be deducted from
the weight obtained. The sulphate of lead
contains 68.28 per cent, of metallic lead.
There are some sources of error to be avoided
in this operation. If the precipitate is not
■thoroughly dried in the filter correct results
will not be obtained, neither will it do to heat
the filter so hot as to char or partly burn it. It
is better to take two filters made of the same
paper, fold them together while cutting them,
then separate them, place one in each pan of a
balance, and carefully trim the heaviest
with a pair of scissors until they weigh
alike; fold them together again, put them in
the funnel together, wash the precipitate on
them, dry together in a steam bath, then separate
them, place the one with the precipitate in one
pan of the balance and the other iu the other
pan; the difference will be the weight of the
precipitate. There is a method common with
chemists of burning the filter and incinerating
the ashes with the precipitate in a platinum
crucible, at a red heat, but the conveniences are
not found in ordinary assay offices. The details
may be found in any work on quantitative
analysis. With proper care correct results may
be obtained by drying the precipitate on the
filter. In the process given above tho following
reactions occur:
1st. The nitric acid attacks the ore and
oxidizes both the sulphur and the lead, forming
sulphate of lead.
2d. By evaporating to dryness, the excess
of nitric acid is drawn off, but leaving some
nitrate of lead mixed with the sulphate.
3d. The carbonate of soda decomposes the
sulphate of lead, forming carbonate of lead and
soluble sulphate of soda, which is washed out
as directed with distilled water.
4th. The dilute acetic acid poured on the filter
decomposes the carbonate of lead and forms
acetate of lead, which, being soluble, passes
through the filter, leaving insoluble matter, if
there be any, in the filter.
5th. Sulphuric acid, being a stronger acid
than acetic, combines with the lead, giving now
the pure sulphate.
The calculation of the assay is made as fol-
lows:
It has been shown that sulphate of lead con-
tains 68.28 per cent, of metallic lead; it is
clear that we must find that per cent, of the
sulphate of lead we obtain, which will be
the amount of lead in ten grammes of the ore.
Suppose we obtain 7.46 grammes of sulphate
of lead in the ten grammes of ore, then 7.46X
.6828=5.09 metallic lead. Ten grammes yield-
ing this (5.09), it is clear that 100 grammes
would yield ten times as much, which is the
percentage. The result would then be as fol-
lows: Lead, 50.9 per cent.
Assays of Class Two.
The assay of substances belonging to clasi
2 is very simple. Twenty grammes of the
ore is weighed ont as in the case of assay of
first olass, ten grammes of red argol and thirty
grammes of oarbonate of soda are well mixed
in the crucible, the whole covered with a layer
of salt and tapped on the mixing table to settle
all down. Put the crucitle into an increasing
fire and keep at low red heat for quarter of an
hour. Then increase the heat until the con-
tents of the crucible flow freely, tap gently and
set it aside to cool, break the crucible, hammer
the button into a cube and weigh. If arsen ;te
of leador sulphide of lead are present use nails.
The humid assay of this class is made by
heating ten grammes of the substance to red-
ness, and afterwards boiling it in a flask with
dilute nitric acid (one part of acid to one-two
of water by volume), when the action ceases
pour the contents of the flaBk into an evapor-
ating dish and cautiously evaporate to dry-
ness, allow the dry mass to cool, add dilute
nitric acid, gently warm for an hour, add
water, boil and filter. The solution now con-
tains all the lead as nitrate, the precipitative
washing and weighing may now be conducted
as directed in humid assays of ores of the first
class.
Class Three— Alloys of Lead with Other Metals.
Alloys must be boiled with dilute pure nitric
acid, the solution decanted from the precipitate,
which must be washed with water and the
washings added to the solution, which must
then be filtered.
The solution may contain all the other met-
als likely to be present in alloys, except gold,
platinum, antimony and tin.
The solution (which should never be too di-
lute), must be mixed with dilute sulphuric acid
slightly in excess. (This maybe explained by
stating that "excess" means the slightest quan-
tity of reagent in excess of what is required to
precipitate all of the lead.) The dilute acid
should be added slowly, and the precipitate al-
lowed to settle before further addition is made.
When the sulphate of lead hasall precipitated,
double the volume of alcohol is added, and the
whole set aside for a few hours to settle, after
which it is decanted and washed into a small
filter, washed with alcohol and dried on a
water bath, or in the sun. When the precipitate
on the filter is perfectly dry, a clean piece of
writing paper is spread on a table and a small
clean porcelain cup set in the center of it. The
precipitate must then be carefully detached
from the filter, and transferred to the cup. The
dry filter is then held in a pair of small pliers
over the cup, and burned by applying a match
or candle flame; the ashes which fall on the
paper must be brushed into the cup. The cup
may then be placed on a piece of wire gauze
placed on the ring of a retort-stand and heated
from below with a spirit lamp to a red heat.
When cold, the cup and contents are weighed
and the tare of the porcelain cup deducted, the
remaining weight will be that of the sulphate
of lead obtained from the alloy.
The weight of the alloy taken for assay and
the calculation are the same as in the last
example.
When great acouracy is not required the use
of alcohol may be dispensed with, but more
excess of sulphuric acid must be used for pre-
cipitation and the washing water must contain
some dilute sulphuric acid.
The Manufacture of Solder.
The alloys of metals are frequently more use-
ful than either of the substances used in com-
bination, and often exceed them in respect to
some quality which is of great importance.
Brass is much more used than zino, and
the alloys of lead are fully as valuable as the
metal nncombined. The union of lead with
tin is of immense value in the arts. It enables
rough surfaces to be joined in a way that could
not otherwise be done, except at immense ex-
pense. The solder melts at a low temperature,
and can be applied with the utmost ease.
The most common compound of these met-
als is 70 parts of tin to 130 parts of lead, and
ia generally known as No. 1, or hard solder.
Other substances are frequently incorporated,
such as bismuth, antimony, and even copper.
This is done for the purpose of increasing the
hardness, fusibility or tenacity, and each firm
has its own combination for this purpose.
Made, as we have stated, it is the alloy gener-
ally used for joining articles of tin, fusing at
360 deg. Fahrenheit.
But for plumbers it is necessary to use an-
other article which shall remain firm and solid
when exposed to heat. A. pan or basin of tin
must frequently be exposed to a fire, and one
of the values of the compound we have men-
tioned is its comparative resistence to heat.
But lead pipe is never exposed to any such
danger, although it frequently needs to be re-
paired, as its contraction and elongation in
consequence of temperature, the attacks of
mice and rati, and the thousand and one disas-
ters to which it is subject, requires it, and that
with something which is not of high enough
temperature above its own to melt the pipe, as
would be the case with either zinc, copper or
iron.
Plumbers' solder answers this purpose, and
is, beside, cheaper than the harder compound.
It fuses at a point much less than the preced-
ing formula, and lesB than either of the metals
when treated separately. It unites readily with
a clean surface of either lead or zinc, and re-
mains for a short time in a semi-fluid state, en-
abling the manipulator, by the aid of the cloth
holder or pad. to mold it in any desired shape.
When used by plumbers to join the portions of
lead pipe, this is commonly termed a wipe
joint. These two metalB are not alone in mak-
ing a fusible compound. There is one alloy
known to the art from which teaspoons can be
made, bearing much the appearance of silver
when new, but so easily acted upon that the
stirring of the fluid will cause the bowl and han-
dle to melt and fall to the bottom of the oup.
The manufacture of solder has been for years
an important industry. Some of our largest
houses in the metal trade make their own, but
the greatest bulk is manufactured by special
houses in the trade. — Sheet Iron Builder.
Galvanized Sheet Ibon was introduced in
1837 by Mr. H. W. Crawford, who applied it
chiefly to sheetB of corrugated iron, or sheet
iron bent by a peculiar process into alternate
semi-circular elevations and depressions, and
this soon became extensively employed for
roofing purposes, especially for railway sheds,
which were then beginning to be in great re-
quest. For cornices, galvanized iron has al-
most entirely superseded both wood and stone,
the immense weight of stone necessary to give
the required projection being one of the princi-
pal objections to its use, while the danger to
wood from fire, besides its great cost, pre-
cludes its employment as a cheap, durable and
substantial material. Besides, the absorption
of moisture to which our freestone is liable
causes it to scale after damp and frosty weather,
while in case of fire it is liable to split and fly
to pieces. Its cost, moreover, is about four
times as much as that of galvanized iron, while
the latter will look better and wear out any
quality of stone that may be employed. — Build-
ing Association Journal.
Greatest Powee of a Hobse. — A horse can
exert his greatest strength in drawing in a
straipht line, being equal to twenty-seven men
in this direction. This is seen in tbe way they
draw loads on the road In a circle a horse
exerts his greatest strength, with a diameter of
forty feet. Bedace the diameter of the circle
one-half, and you reduce the power of the
horse two-fifths.
To Gild with Gold. — By rubbing metallic
surfaces with soda amalgam, and pouring on a
solution of chloride of gold, gold is taken up by
the amalgam; and it is only necessary to drive
off the mercury by heat, to obtain a gilded sur-
face that will bear polishing.
June 26, 1875.3
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
423
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MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
Milling and Scientific Press,
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A COMPLIMENT.
PLiiysBTTBG. Mebced Co Cal., June 22, 1874,
Dewet t Co. — Gentlemen : I herewith tender my
grateful acknowledgements for the energy, promptness
and efficiency which you have displayed in procuring
my patent.
Although you were entire strangers to me when I
first communicated with you, I soon felt satisfied you
were gentlemen of integrity, and shall always be happy
to represent vou as Buch. Very truly yours,
H. W. BUOKEB, M. D.
Santa Claba, Oal., April 6th, 1875.
Messes. Dewet k Co. — Gents: — We have just received
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Road Grader, which was patented through your Agen-
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care and attention that you have given it, and when
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J. T. Watetns k Co.
Tbuceee, Cal., July 10, 1874.
Messes. Dewet & Co. — Gentlemen; MJ- patent is just
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0. F. McGaluoan.
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MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
425
CIANT POWDER.
Mi Properties, Uiei, and Revolutionizing Sue
cast.
Few thing* hare contributed so much to the
development of the mining interests of this
coast aa Giant Powder baa done. It waa diffi-
cult to introduce the substance in the mines
here aa the miners objected to its ase, some on
the plea of its supposed unhealthy properties,
and some because they supposed it wonld
materially reduce the force of working miners.
These foolish prejudices were overcome by
force of circumstances, and the process is now
universally nsed and thoroughly appreciated.
Its use has increased, as far as we can learn,
in any country where it has been aotively
introduced. Prejudice recedes from it, and it
baa benefitted the mining interests so much
that it is now considered an indispensible
requisite in all mining operations.
We have given from week to week items from
various sources showing the benefits accruing
from the nse of giant powder of the different
grades for different classes of work. It needs
no recommendation from us, as its work speaks
for itself and the results can be seen every-
where. It is much safer than ordinary powder
and when ignited it will burn, not explode, un-
less exploded by the peculiar oaps employed
for this special purpose. It was at first sup-
posed to be more dangerous than or-
dinary explosive compounds, but it is now
conceded that its only dan ger is in its safety —
a paradoxical proportion apparently. This is
so, however, as some people beoome so familiar
and careless with it as to try all sorts of useless
and foolish experiments. Its characteristics
are now so well known that none object to
using it, and it would be difBoult to go back to
the old slow way of blasting.
We make some extracts on this subject from
a paper on the Muaconetcong Tunnel, read by
Henry S. Drinker, E. M., before a reeent meet-
ing of the American Institute of Engineers, as
follows::
It is worth noting what this new explosive,
giant powder or dynamite, is. As to its charac-
teristics— first it Is tremendously powerful,
bringing out at a blast masses of rock that
black powder could not even shake, and is
simply invaluable for rapid driving in hard
rock. How it compares economically with
pure nitroglycerine we are not prepared to
state. Containing a percentage of the latter,
it is, of course, not so powerful bulk for bulk,
but again it has the great advantage of distrib-
uting the force over a greater space, which is
the underlying principle of much of the deep
hole blasting. Again, so far as an explosive
can be termed so, it is entirely safe from ac-
cident from the proverbial carelessness of
workmen, undoubtedly safer by far than blaok
powder, while many times stronger. Hardly
nything short of a cap exploded in a cart-
ridge will fire it. Alone, it may be hammered,
crushed, or burnt with impunity. Thrown into
a stove or set on fire, it simply burns fiercely
without danger of explosion. For exploding
the cartridges very strong oaps of fulminate of
mercury are used; those adopted at Musconet-
cong, we believe, were originally imported from
Hamburg. These caps are prepared as elec-
trio exploders as follows: First, a small quan-
tity of sensitive powder is dropped on the ful-
minate, and into this two wires (lying side by
side) are inserted, and the caps then filled with
melted sulphur. On the spark passing, the
sensitive powder is ignited and explodes the
fulminate, and the cap being inserted by the
blaster into the oartridge of dynamite, the ex-
plosion of the cap fires the latter. If firing
by fuse, it is simply neeessary for the blaster
to squeeze the end of a piece of fuse, properly
rasped and sharpened, into the cap, and to
place the latter in the oartridge. A good elec-
tric battery is that manufactured by the Laflin
k Band company, under, we believe, Julius
Smith's patent, the condenser and generating
plate being of vulcanite, and the parts of the
battery so arranged as to render it eompaot
and easily bandied.
Dynamite is simply nitro-glycerine mixed
with a kind of silicious earth known variously
as silioious marl, tripoli, and rotten stone. The
peculiar variety of this material best suited for
this use is homogeneous, has a low specific
gravity, and is generally composed of the
remains of infusoria. So great is the absorbent
capaci'y of this earth that when in a pulverised
condition, it is claimed by Nobel that it wil'
take up about three times its own weight of
liquid nitro-glycerine, and still retain the form
of a; powder. Any mineral, or indeed vogeta
ble, substance susceptible of pulverization or
comminution, and wbioh will retain nitro-
glycerine by absorption may be substituted for
inf usorial earth in the manufacture of dynamite
but the latter has so far been found to exoel all
other substances tried in possessing the
requirements neoessary; being oomposed of
minute tubular shells, it is light and absorbent.
A mass of it is very spongy and compressible,
jts shells absorbing the nitro-glycerine by
capillary aotion, and holding it with almost
absolute security against filtration or compres-
sion. The secret of the safety of this powder
eems to be in its soft, pulpy, and at the same
time mealy consistency, which gives it a com-
plete cushion to prevent percussion, as a blow
upon it seems like a blow upon a bag of meal;
the greater the quantity the more the compress"
ibility, and the greater the safety.
In an admirable paper on dynamite, read by
Oaptain Alex. Mackenzie, of the Corps of En-
gineers, before the Essayons Club, in February,
1871, he gives his experience of a visit to the
works of the company in Morris county, N. J.
He says: " The infusorial earth or kieselguhr
was originally all imported from Germany, out
beds of it were subsequently found in the vi-
cinity of the works, in New Jersey. No. 1
powder is composed of seventy-five per oenj.
nitro-glycerine and twenty-five per cent, in"
fusorial earth, made into cartridges one and
three-eighth inches in diameter by eight inches
long. No. 2, of thirty-six per cent, nitro-gly-
cerine, forty-three per oent. nitrate of potash,
seven per cent, rosin, seven per oent. sulphur,
and seven per cent, infusorial earth, comes in
cartridges one and on e- half inches in diameter
by eight inches long. The size of these car-
tridges may be varied to order. In manufac-
turing No. 1 powder, the kiesulguhr is pre-
pared for use by first mixing it with a little
water and baking into bricks for thorough dry-
ing. The bricks are then ground and mixed
with nitro-glycerine. In preparing the ab-
sorbent or dope for No. 2, the sulphur is pul-
verized in a revolving cylinder, at one end of
which a blast of air enters, and, passing through,
carries the powdered sulphur into a tight box.
The nitrate, either of soda or potaBsa, is first
dried thoroughly on an iron floor, then ground
in a mill and passed into a box. The rosin is
pulverized in a cylinder. Tha sulphur, nitre,
rosin and earth are then mixed in proper pro-
portions. In making the nitro-glycerine, the
following proporlious are used: Two parts of
sulphuric aoid are mixed with one part of nitric
aoid. For every seven parts of the mixed aoids
one part of glycerine is added. One part
of nitro-glycerine is expected for every four
parts of the mixed acids. The relative strength
of No. 1 and 2 powder has not yet been defin-
itely determined practically by any series of
experiments, but it may be calculated as fol-
lows:
No.
Composition.
Rel'tive Btren'th
of component*)
Relatire strength
compared with
nltro-glyoerlne.
1
75 per cent, ni-
tro glycerine.
25 per cent.
MeBelguhr.
76 per cent.
00 per cent.
75 per cent.
2
36 per ct. nltro-
glycerine. 64
per cent, pot-
ash, sulphur.
36 per cent.
32 per ceut.
68 pr cent.
"It is claimed that, though the absorbent of
No. 2 has really but little strength within itself,
it develops, when fired by nitro-glycerine, about
one-half the strength of nitro-glycerine pure."
With reference to the direct connection of
this explosive with tunnel work, the advantage
gained by its use is based especially on the
great saving of time, which is an object in all
work. Taking pound for pound, it is more
costly than black powder; but it should be
iemembered that its explosive force is also
many times as great. Berthelot, in his ro-
rsearches on explosive matters, calculates from
the chemical composition of the explosive the
volnme of the gases produced by the explosion,
and the quantity of heat produced in the re-ac-
tion. The product of the two numbers, as he
conceives, giving within certain limits the ex
plosive force, BortLelot's estimate gives the
ratio of ordinary blasting powder to pure nitro-
glycerine, as 88 to 939, or that nitro-glycerln
is 10.7 times stronger, token in equal weights.
This estimate, applied to dynamite, would
make No. 1 eight (8) times stronger than blast,
ing powder, and, if we accept the estimate of
68 per cent, as the relative strength of No. 2, it
would make No. 2 seven and three-tenth
(7 3-10) times stronger than blasting powder.
The questions to be considered, in reference to
the adoption of dynamite, would of course be
governed by considerations of time, location of
work, character of rook, etc Where the
material is soft, dry rook, whioh can be attacked
from several pointa at onoe, and in cases where
the speedy completion of the work is not the
most important element to be considered,
probably blaok powder, at present prioes, would
be the cheaper agent; but, again, taking the
case of a tunnel where the blasting, like that at
Musconetcong, is for the greater part through
hard, wet rock, which can only be attaoked
from two headings at a time, and where a heavy
outlay of capital lies dead until the completion
of the work, the advantage of using so speedy,
and yet bo safe, an agent is most manifest
The introduction of dynamite has already
revolutionized tunnelling, and, hand in hand
with machine drilling, is doubling and trebling
the old ratas of progress attained by hand dril-
ling and blaok powder.
Now, before taking up the east heading, we
will consider in a few words the enlargement
in rock of west heading No. 1. This "bench,"
as the rook enlargement is termed, was kept
both on the east and west sides from four to
six hundred feet back of the headings, so avoid-
ing any interruption at the benoh from heading
blasts, and allowing plenty of room for hand-
ling and switching cars, also for backing the
maohine to a safe distance from the face when
blasting, etc In taking up the west benoh
there was no extraordinary detention ; the work
was begun January 1st, 1874. Owing to various
detentions, its steady advance did not oommence
until July, 1871. Up to that time, though the
headings were of course free from water, the
flow remained so great that frequently the en-
largement, on the shortest stoppage of the
pumps, would beoome flooded several feet in
depth ; also, until the headings met, in Decem-
ber, 1874, both the west and east enlargements
were detained by the time lost in removing the
broken rock from the headings. This was run
out from the top heading on a movable bridge
extending over the men at the benoh, and end-
ing in a ohute, into which the cars wore
dumped. From this chute the rock was again
loaded on cars in the bottom and run out to
the slope. Every time, therefore, that a blast
was fired this bridge had to be run baok, and
then up again to the face as Boon as the traok
could be cleared, muoh time being often lost in
the operation from unavoidable detentions that
frequently arose. The different stages of pro-
gress attained in running a bench with a head-
ing in front, and after the headings ar6
cleared, the average monthly advance
was raised in the west enlargement from 87
feet, in 1874, to 188 feet, in 1875, on the meet-
ng of the heading in December, 1874; the in-
crease in the east enlargement being from 96
feet, in 1874, to 181 feet, in 1875.
These two sets of holes, top and bottom,
will average a linear advance for the bench of
9 feet, the following being a fair estimate for
that advance of the number of feet drilled and
powder burnt:
No.
of
Holes
Top Holes
Bottom HoleB..
Depth
of
Holes
To'al
Depth
of
Holes
12 ft.
10 ft,
Lb. No. 2
Dynamite.
72 ft,
JO It,
21 ft. 112 ft. 107 lb,
62 1b.
45 lb.
The total height of the cross-section adopted
for the tunnel through hard rock, from
lower sub-grade (1.75 ft. below base of rail) to
roof, was 22.15 feet; with an 8-foot beading off,
this leaves about 12 feet of a bench, with an
area of 306 square feet, whioh gives about 102
cnbio yards to a lineal advance of 9 feet, or 1.05
pounds No 2 dynamite, and 1.1 feet of holes
drilled to one cubic yard of rock broken, holes
being drilled with from V/t to 2%-inch bits,
the largest bits being put in first. In general,
three machines are kept in use at the benoh,
two on top and one below; to run them, 3
drillers and 3 helpers are needed, about 44
laborers to clear away rock, orte nipper, and a
boss,
Before speaking of the east end, it may be
well to state that ths enlargements in rook of
No. 2, or the heading driven west from the
slope, waa not pushed during the foregoing
work, there not being the same neoessity for
haste in pushing its progress. After
passing the junction of headings No, 2 and 3,
it was driven on to a point about 175 feet from
the slope. There the rock giving out, the en-
largement in earth, to be followed by arohing,
commenced.
In this tunnel at Musconetcong, giant powder
was adopted as an explosive by Mr. McFadden
and the blasting was done by cuts. This
method of blaBting by cuts is based, of course,
on the extraordinary force developed by a com-
paratively small bulk of explosive matter. It
consists in first blasting out an entering wedge
or core, about 10 feet deep at the center, and
subsequently squaring the sides by several
rounds. To do this, first 12 holes are drilled
by the six machines, three on one side. These
12 holes are drilled two and two, six on a side,
with from V/t to 2%-inoh "bits," the two sets
being started about 9 feet apart, and at such an
angle as to meet or oross at the bottom, the
largest bits being put in first. They are then
charged with about 25 lbs, No. 1 and 69 lbs. No.
2 giant powder, and fired simultaneously by
eleotrioity. No. 1 is ooly used for cuts, inas-
much as in them a quick, strong powder, com-
prised in a small bulk at the bottom of the
holes, is required, where the greatest resistance
will be found, while the No. 2 added, serves in
filling the holes, so starting the sides of the
cut as the apex moves. The out being out, a
second round of holes is started for the first
squaring up. In these, and in the subsequent
rounds, the resistance is pretty equally distri-
buted along the whole length of the holes, and
is also, of course, not so great as in the cut;
therefore, No. 2 is used, as in it the nitro-glycer-
ine is mixed with a larger proportion of absorb-
ent matter and the force is thereby distributed
over a greater space.
In the first and second squaring up rounds,
from fifty to sixty pounds of No. 2 are charged ,
and in the third, from eighty to ninety, the
holes getting stronger as the aroh falls at the
sides; there are generally also one or two ad-
ditional roof holes in the third round, their po-
sition being variable, acoording to the lay of
the rock. The top boles in the first round are
also designed to bring down any roof not
shaken by the cut, and are, therefore, given a
strong angle towards the center, and always
drilled from twelve to fourteen feet deep. As
to their relative depth, the holes of the first
squaring round are always drilled a foot or
more deeper than the cut holes, and when
blasted they generally bring out a foot addi-
tional of shaken rock at the apex of the out.
Allowing the cut holes to be 10% feet deep,
the out will generally blast out about 9 full feet
linear, which is raised to ten in the subse-
quent rounds.
Assuming the average oross-seotion in an
eight-foot heading to be about 175 feet, for a
lineal advance often ft-et, 65 Cubio yards of
rook would be broken, which would give an
average of, Bay, four-tenthB'(0.4) lb. No 1, and
four (4) lbs. No. 2 giant powder burnt, and a
little over t ix feet of holes drilled, per cubio
yard broken.
The agents of this powder in San Francisco,
Messrs. Bandmann, Nielsen & Co., No. 210
Front street, will pive any further information
on the subject to those desiring it.
This, however, it should be noted, would
often be increased by occasional block or side
holes, and is assumed for a case in which no
holes are supposed to have missed, and in
which no secondary drilling and blasting is re-
quired. Proportionate amounts would have to
be added for such cases.
The above estimateB are based on ordinary
ten feet cuts; there were, however, many in-
stances of 12 nnd 13, and sometimes 14 feet cuts
taken out by ambitious foremen, but even giant
powder has its limit of strength, and working
too deep cuts is not advisable, as they will
often only blow out partially, leaving the rock
in awkward shape. As to the division of time
in beading work, to drill and square up a cut
should take about four eight-hour shifts, with
such rock sb was met Musconetcong, it being,
as stated, unusually hard and toogh.
It will take one shift to drill and blast the
cut and one shift to each of the three rounds,
and this with a force of 12 machine men (one
driller and one helper to each maohine), 6
laborers for loading broken rock, 1 nippi r for
car ying tools, and a boss. On an average,
however, this standard will hardly be reached,
as it provides for no stoppage, no missed holes,
and no accidents, and unfortunately, tunnel
headings, like all things earthly, are liable to
occasional stoppages and accidents,
426
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
(Ylachipery.
N. Seiberfs Eureka Lubricators.
THE HIGHEST PREMIUM
Awarded by the Mechanics' Institute Fair, San Fran-
cisco, and State Fair, Sacramento, 1871.
These Lubricators are acknowledged by all engineers
to be superior to any they have ever used; fred con-
stantly by pressure of condensed water, supplied by
pipe A, regulated under the oil by valve J, and forced
out through check valve and pipe B into the steam pipe
O; it then becomes greasy steam, passes to all the
valves and cylinder at every stroke of the engine; glaBS
tube I indicates amount used per hour. Packing on
rod. 1 and stems lasts longer, and the ring's on the piston
will not corrode. One pint of oil will Inst from three
to six days, according to speed and size of engine; T,
sliding gauge; K, valve to shut off when engine stopps;
H, F, valves to shut off in case of frost; steam does not
enter the cup; it is always cool; warranted t give satis-
faction. Patented February 14, 1871. Manufactured by
California Brass Works, 125 First street, S F. 24v23
MACHINISTS' TOOLS,
Extra Heavy asd Improved Patterns,
rUTNA-M 'MACHINE CO.,
Manufacturer.
LATHES, PLANERS, BOEING MILLS, DEILLS,
BOLT CUTTERS, DOUBLE NOT TAPPING
MACHINES, SLOTTING AND SHAPING
MACHINES ON HAND. GEAR
CUTTERS AND MILLING
MACHINES A SPEC-
IALTY.
Address
PARKE & LACY,
310 California Street, S. F
A "THE DANBUftY"
IDRILL CHOCK.
(.' | The Favorite Everywhere.
\ ; Send stamp for circular.
^The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
P. S. — These Ohucks are now on hand and for sale
at manufacturer's prices by
H. P. GREGORY, Agent,
Nos. 14 & 16 First Street, S. F.
PLANING AND MATCHING
ENTEL, MARGEDANT ft CO.
Estimates given for Special Work of every"
■description. Are fully equipped with first-
class Machinery nmf Tools.
The Hull Si Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
IRON AN® STESL
IDBOP FORGING.
Of Every Description, at Reasonable Prices.
I The Hull & Belden Company, Danbury, Ct.
Improved Cast and Forged Steel Shoes and Dies for Quartz Mills.
[PATENTED, MAT 26TH, 1874.]
Price Seduced to 16 Cents Per Pound.
San Francisco, November 10th, 1874.
To Supts. of Quarts Mills and Mining Men generally:
Wo take pleasure in stating that owing to the rapid
increase in our orders, our Pittsburg Manufacturers
have been compelled to add largely to their works —
I a new gas furnace and heavier trip hammer— and are
thus enabled to reduce the cost of steel and at the
same time produce Shoes and Dies superior to any yet
manufactured. We have consequently reduced the
price to 16 cents per pound and solicit a trial order,
guaranteeing that you will find them at least 10 per
cent- cheaper than the best iron. There are no Steel
Shoes and Dies made excepting under our patent and
sold at this office, or by our authorized agents, though
certain Eastern manufacturers advertise Steel Shoes
and Dies which are only cast iron hardened by the
addition of a composition. They will not out-wear two
sets of common iron, though called steel. They are
very brittle and are not capable of being tempered,
flying from under the hammer like cast iron. Our
Steel Shoes and Dies are in use in many of the largest
mills on the Pacific Coast, and all who have tried them
pronounce them cheaper and far superior to iron in
every respect, even at the old price of 20 cents per
pound. Their advantages over iron are cheapness on first
cost, increased crushing capacity, time saved in chang-
ing and in setting tappets, increased value of amalgam
by absence of iron dust and clappings, and a saving of
75 per cent, in freight. It takes 50 days to fill orders
from the manufactory East. Price 16 cents per
pound shipped at San Francisco. Terms liberal.
with "dimensions, to
CAST STEEL SHOE & DIE CO., Boom 1, Academy Building, S- F
Address all orders
Buffalo ]?ony Planers.
B' 5* a a 0 a B" a 5" a
^ H M H W K- W i: W |J
MS. »
"0 §•§•§■&§•§■§■§■£
O s
° 9
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» oooooopootn
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. a. o. & p. & p. a. oj o< a
mm 000000000JT
bd
Q.&P-D-P-P'P'G.P-rt
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DUNHAM, CARRIGAN & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
CONROY, O'CONNOR & CO.,
2v30-f>m-eow SAN PBANCI8CO, CA.Ia.
Hooker's Patent Direct Acting Steam Pump.
W. T. GARRATT,
Cor- Fremont & Natoma
streets, S- F.,
Sole Proprietor & Manu-
facturer for the Pacific
Coast.
SIMPLE, CHEAP AND
DURABLE.
Adapted for all pur-
poses for which Steam
Pumps are used.
The Best Pump in Use.
t&~ SEND FOR CIRCULAR
N. B. — Also manufacturer of Hooker's Deep Well and Double-Acting Force Pump.
Medal awarded at the last Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco.
Received the Silver
18v27-2am3m
MACHINISTS, MILL & MINE OWNERS.
Send for sheets or catalogues illustrative of
any combination of
STEAM PUMPS, INDEPENDENT BOILER FEED
PUMPS, AND COMBINED COLD AND
HOT WATER ENGINE PUMPS.
COPE & MAXWELL MFG. CO.,
Hamilton, Ohio-
Branch Offices, Cincinnati, O., Chicago, 111.
EDWIN HARRINGTON & SON,
Manufacturers of ENGINE LATHES, 48 inches swing
and smaller; VERTICAL BORING MACHINES, suit-
able for jobbing and boring Car Wheels; UPRIGHT
DRILLS, 36 inches and smaller, and other Machinists'
Tools.
COR. NORTH FIFTEENTH ST.
AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
CRANK PLANERS.
I Superior Design and Workmanship, Extra Heavy (1400 lb. )
DOWN, ANGULAR & GROSS-FEED,
TO PLANE 111X16X15.
[The Hull & Belden Company, Banbury, Ct.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS.
From 3 to 75-borse power. Shafting, Pulleys.HoistGears,
Quartz Mills Water Tank*, Spanish Arastras, Pumps and
Pipes, Hepburn and Belden Pans, and all kinds of Ma-
chinery for sale at lowest prices by
THOS. P. H. WHTTELAW,
266 Brannan street, S. F.
Highest cash prices pajd for all kinds of Machinery.
STEEL SHOES AND DIES
FOR QUARTZ MII,X.S,
Made by our improved pro-
cess. After many years of
patient research and experiment
we have succeeded in producing
STEEL SHOES AND DIES for
QUARTZ
MILLS,
hich are
□equalled
Strength
'.rability
X>ie. Jb-lioe.
Economy.
Will wear three times longer than any iron Shoes.
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
Of Quartz Mills, Pans, Separators, Concentrators, Jfgs,
Hydraulic Rock Breakers, Furnaces, Engines, Boilers
and Shalting, and General Mining Machinery in all its
details, and Furnishers of Mining Supplies.
All orders promptly filled.
MORBY & SPERRY,
88 Liberty street, N. Y.
Examination solicited.
LANE & B0DLEY,
John & Water Sts., Cincinnati.
Sole Manufacturers of Bruckner's Patent
REVOLVING FURNACE
For Chlorldlzlng, Desulphurizing and Roasting
Ores. SteamEnglnea and Mining Machinery. p.
£ZT Send for our Illustrated catalogue.
pDEAD STROKE" POWER HAMMER.
|;ajBafiBsaB
■Stbisxs Blow Heavy or Light, Fast oa Slow.
■ Prices Seduced Jan. 1st, 1815.
[The Hull & Belden Company, Danbtuy, Ct.
"WATER TANKS of any capacity, made entirely
by machinery. Material the beBt in use; construction
not excelled. Attention, dispatch, satisfaction. Cost.
less than elsewhere.
WELLS- RUSSELL & CO.,
Mechanics' Mills, Cor. Mission & Fremont Streets.
3v28-3m-sa
DIAMOND CATARRH REMEDY.
DIAMOND NERVINE PILLS.
CATARRH AND COLDS — Dr. Evory's Diamond
Catarrh Remedy never fails; perfect cure; try it; fifty
cents per bottle. Depot, 6U8 Market street, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., opposite Palace Hoteh Sold by all drag-
gists.
To Miners and Capitalists.
FOR SALE OR LEASE!
A very rich gravel and cement gold mine in Placer
County, 250 acres in extent. For full particulars,
J. L. COAN,
233 Third street,
Or call at 112 Market street.
MILL MEN.
Wanted, by a thoroughly practical mill man, a Fitua-
tion as First Engineer. Foreman, or General
Manager. Is an engiEeer and machinist ' y trade,
and has a fair knowledge o' assaying, milling, etc.
Apply to A. M. KRTJTTSCHNITT,
North C and Mjlj streets, Virginia City, Nevada.
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
427
SAFE INVESTMENT.
The Pacific Coast Twelve Per Cent.
Consols.
NEW METHOD WITH ASSURED AD-
VANTAGES.
A rapidly growing Interest is being taken In the
Pacific Ooaat Twelve Per Cent Consols, In consequence
of the many advantages offered In regard to lnvaBt.
ment, Interest and dividends. 80 much uncertainty
exists in connection with nearly all mining and other
speculative companies, there la something very aasur-
lng In an incorporation which not only guarantees
twelve per cent per year to all stockholders, but pro-
vides for the honest payment of dividends. The Twelve
Per Cent. Consols were Incorporated on the 12th bf
February last, for the purpose of transacting a general
business In buying and selling mining properties, city
real estate, and agricultural and other lands, in the
States and Territories of the Paolflo Coast. Deter,
mined to do only a Btrlctly legitimate business, the
Directors rejected the old method in vogue by mining
companies generally, and adopted a new one which
secures to all part ;«b who become shareholders, equal
advantages In the business transacted. By the provis-
ions of the by-laws,
A Sinking- Fund
la to by made of one-half the proceeds of the total cap-
tal Btock, which shall be sold on the joint account of
the original co-owners. The stock will be classified as
follows: Sinking Fund, mining property, city real
estate and agricultural lands. Before any stock is
issued in any class, the property will be appraised by
the owners, and the stated value entered upon the
bo<>ks of the Company. Shares for not more than fifty
per cent, of the valuation will be issued In any of the
classes, and the amount of shares offered for sale in
any one class, exclusive of the sales of stock in the
Sinking Fund, will not be allowed to exceed 50,000,
If sold at leas than the par value of a dollar per share.
Guarantees of Safety.
In regard to the Sinking Fund, which will constitute
fifty per cent, of the par value of the Btock, all moneys
received as the proceeds of salea of stock on account of
the fund will be deposited with some solvent banking
institution, which pays interest on deposits invested
In Interest bearing stocks, bonds and other securities,
which cad be realized on in thirty daya, and in no case
will it be lawful for the directors or trustees to invest
any moneya of the Sinking Fund in the purchase of
stocks, bondB or other securities of any incorporation
whatever, which shall have failed to pay Interest or
dividends for a period of six months preceding any
proposed Investment pertaining to the Sinking Fund
of the Company.
Payment oi Interest.
The by-laws further make positive provision for the
payment of interest monthly on all Btock isBued in
•ach class at the rate of twelve per cent, per annum,
payable on the 5th day of each month. Another im-
portant concession is that any shareholder has the
option to take stock in payment for interest at par
value in any class that may be preferred. No asaesB-
ment will be levied until the total stock of the Sinking
Fund shall have been sold and paid out as provided by
the by-laws. Indeed, bo secure is the plan of the Com-
pany that in case the whole capital stock of the Company
should be sold immediately and the Sinking Fund in-
vested as provided, the proceeds would be sufficient to
pay the interest for'eight years and a half on the total
capital Btock. Perhaps no other company in the world
has ever been able to present so brilliant a certainty.
Dividends.
Stockholders will not only be Bare of their twelve
per cent, per annum, but will share in all the surplus
profits. The dividends will be paid from the profits
and Bales of property, and only on shares of con8ols
that have been issued for property valued and entered
on the books of the Company. As, there can be very
little question that the transactions of the Company
will be very extensive, and that the profits will rapidly
reach something handsome, the dividend proapect
should serve aa a atrong inducement to stock pur-
chasers, for perhaps in no other direction can they be
poaitlve of receiving one per cent, a month for money
invested, and almoat a certainty of large yearly divi-
dends in addition.
A further provision can be made at any time by the
Company by setting aside the percentage agreed upon
of the sales of the properties of the Company. The
main object of the directors is to incorporate a more
legitimate and assured method of transacting business
in mining and property than has hitherto obtained on
this coast. They are therefore resolved to touch noth-
ing but bona fide investments, and to make it a rule to
have nothing to do with speculative values. Every
possible care will be taken to protect the interests of
shareholders; and in order that tbey may be constantly
posted in the transactions of the Company, a monthly
statement of affairs will be prepared by the officers,
and the books will be at all times open for inspection.
Shares for the first series issued for mining property
In Washoe, Storey and Lyon counties, and on the Com-
Btock lode in Nevada, and for account of Sinking Fund,
will be ready for delivery to subscribers and purchasers
to-morrow, at Greonbaum & Go's. 306 Montgomery
street. The set selling rate will be one-twenty, and the
buying rate one-nineteen. The principal office of the
Company is at 306 Montgomery street. T. Phelps is the
President, and W. S. Reynolds the Secretary.
my22eowbp
Brass Foundry & Pump Factory.
A. J. SMITH, IPUiinrjer,
Sole Proprietor and Manufacturer of the
Oelebrated Hudson Force Pumps, Atwood
& Bodwell Winrtm;ll Brass Pumps,
Smith's Copper-Lined Pumps,
Plumbers' Force Pumps.
*ST Special attention paid to Brewers', Distiller-', Beer
and Hot Liquor Pumps, anrl Wine Pumps. Particular
attention paid to AIR PUMPS, also to
DIVER3' SUBMARINE PUMPS-
Artesian Well Pumps Made to Order.
JbJ- Brass Castings Made to Order.
No, 222 FREMONT STREET, - - SAN FRANCISCO,
QUICKSILVER.
UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.
The Quicksilver Mining Company of New Almaden,
California— Trade- mark for Qoickallvcr Flasks.
Statement of trade-mark No. 1499. registered Octo-
ber 10. Ib73; application filed Soplciuber 2U, 1873.
Specification describing a trade-mark, used by the
Quicksilver Mining Company, a company chartered by
the State of New York, and working and operating
quicksilver mines at New Almaden, Santa Clara county,
State of California, for Quicksilver Flasks.
Our trade-mark eonsleta of the letter "A" straddling
a circle. This letter haa generally been painted npon
the upper end of each flask, bottle, or jar in which the
quicksilver Is ccntained, Its usual position being auch
that the opening or month In the upper end of the
flask, bottle or jar will be between the spreading angn-
lar sides of the letter, the cross-mark of the letter
passing along close to the edge of the hole.
Thia trade-mark we have used in our business for
ten years last past. The particular goods upon which
we have used it are quicksilver flasks, and It haa
always been applied aa above described.
THE QUICKSILVER MINING COMPANY.
By J. B. Rakdol, Manager.
This trade-mark is also registered in the office of the
Secretary of State, Sacramento, California, and all
producerB and dealers in quicksilver are cautioned not
to use the aaid trade-mark.
For New Almaden Quicksilver, apply to
THOMAS BELL, Sole Agent,
Over Bank of California, San Francisco.
NEW ALMADE¥~QUICKSILVER.
TRADE A MARE.
The well known fnll weight and superior quality of
the quicksilver produced at the New Almaden Mines
having induced certain unscrupulous peraona to offer
their inferior productions in flasks having oar trade-
mark, "A," notice is given to conaumera and shippers
that qulckailver, "A" brand, guaranteed weight, can be
purchased only from THOMAS BELL, San Francisco,
or his duly appointed sub-agents.
J. B. RANDOL, Manager.
New Almaden, April 5, 1875.
.a. im: im: o nsr x A. i
For "Washing: and Cleaning- Purposes.
For Sale by all Grocers.
This article is universally used in Europe, and, recent j-
introduced for general family use in San Francisco and
neighborhood, is already in great demand. It is now the
intention of the manufacturers to introduce it all ever the
Pacific Otast, at prices which will bring it within the reach
of every household.
It iB unequalled for cleansing Woolen Fabrics, Cutlery,
Carpets orCrockery; for Scrubbing Floors, Washing Paint,
Removing Grease Spots, Shampooing or Bathing.
It renders water soft, and imparts a delightful sense of
coolness after washing.
DIRECTIONS.-For Laundry, use two to four table-
spooonfnls to a washtub of water. For bathing, use one
talilespoonftil in the bath tub. For removing gTexse spots,
apply with a brush, undiluted, and waBb with water after-
ward. For stimulating the growth of plants, use a few
drops in every pint of water need in watering.
PRICE.-Per Pint Bottle, 25 centB; per quart Quart Bot-
tle, 40 cents; per Halt' Gallon, 75 cents.
Also, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA for chemical pur-
pose, fertilizing, and the preparation of artificial manures.
AMMONIAOAL PREPARATION, for the prevention and
removal of boiler scale. CRUDE AMMONIA, for general
manafacturing. andPDRl'" LIQfJOR and AQUA AMMO-
NIA tar nhnminal and pharmaceutical purposes.
iSS™ Manufactured by toe
SAN FBANOISCO GAS-LIGHT CO.
eowbp
BLACK DIAMOND FILE WORKS.
G. & II. BAJEWVETT,
Manufacturers of Files of every Description
Nob. 89. 11 and 43 Richmond street,
Philadelphia, Fa.
Sold by all the principal hardware stores on th
Pacific Coast. 18vS5.1y
SAN FRANCISCO
Pioneer Screen Works,
Removed to 32 Fremont Street, near Market.
j. w. qtjicb:,
Manufacturer of perforated
sheet metals of every descrip-
tion, at reduced rates. Mill
owners using Battery Screens
extensively can contract for
large supplies at favorable rates.
This is the only establishment
on the Coast devotrd exclusively
to the manufacture of Moreens.
siiiK
RUSSELL'S
OREON PIXVE CTJR.E-
To those Buffering from Piles— External, Internal
and Itching Piles: You can be cured, as hundreds of
others have been. Send for Circular and Bee undoubted
testimony. Will send sample bottle for $2, or three
bottles for $5.
Call upon your Druggist, or address
BR. RUSSELL,
No. 5 Post street, San Francisco.
banking.
IRON AND STEEL.
VAN WINKLE & DAVENPORT,
Importers and Dealers in Iron and Steel.
Norway and Sligo Iron, Heavy B ardware
and Boiler Plate, Axles, Springs, Black-
smith's Tools, etc. Agents for Perkins'
Horseshoe and Globe Horse Nails, Sheet-iron, RivetB
and Cumberland Coal. All sold at the lowest rateB.
Nob, 413 and 415 Market street, San Francesco, OaJ.
Anglo-Californian Bank.
LIMITED.
Successors to J. Seligman & Co.
London Office No. 3 Angel Court
San Francisco Office No. 413 California street.
Authorized Capital Stock, $6,000,000,
Subscribed, $3,000,000. Paid In, $1,600,000.
Remainder Nobjcot to call.
DrsErroBs ts London— Hon. iiuph McOtilloch. Reuhen
D. Saloon, William K. Scholneld, Isaac Seligmao, Julioa
Singion.
Manaoebs:
F. F. LOW and H3XATZ STEI.VHAUT,
San Foancisco.
The Bank is now prepared to open accounts, receive d>-
EjiiU, muke collections, bay and sell Exchange, and IsBue
ettera of Credit available throughout the world, and to
loan money on proper seooritlea. 2v27-eowbp
The Merchants' Exchange Bank
OF BAN FR AN CISCO.
Capital, Five Million Dollars.
0. W. KELLOOa President.
H. F. HA8T1NOS Manager.
B. N. VAMBBCNT OMhier.
BANKING HOUSE.
No. 423 California street San Francisco.
KOUNTSE BEOTHERS, BANKERS,
12 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Allow Interest at the rate of Four per cent, upor
daily balances of Gold and Currency,
Beeeive consignments of Gold, Silver and Lead
Bullion, and make Cash advances thereon.
Invite Correspondence from Bankers, Mining
Companies, Merchants and Smelting Works.
French Savings and Loan Society,
411 Bash street, above Kearny SAN FKANOISOO
4v27t( O. MAHE, Director.
bli3P33 Rectory.
SILKS B.GEAT. J4MTCS M . HAVBW.
GRAY & HAVEN,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW
In Building of Pacific Insurance Co., N. E. corner Call
tbrniaam) Leidesdorff streets,
SAM FRANCISOO.
JOHN ROACH, Optician,
429 Montgomery Street.
. W. corner Sacramento.
vt (instruments made, repaired and adjusted
22vl7-3m
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL FENS.
Sold by all Dealers throughout the World.
▼M. BARTL1BO. HBHBT KIMBALL.
BAKTLINQ- & KIMBALL,
BOOKBINDERS,
Paper Rulers and Blank Book Manufacturers.
SOS Olay .treet, (southivcst cor. Sansome).
Bvl2-3m SAN FRANCISCO
BENJAMIN MORGAN,
Attorney at Law and Counselor in Patent Cases,
Office, 715 Clay Street, S. P.
Refers to Dewey fc Co., Patent AgentB ; Judge B.
Heydenfeldt or H. H. Halght. 6v28-3m
Diamond Drill Co.
The undersigned, owners of LE8CHOT'8 PATENT
foT DIAMOND POINTED DRILLS, now brought to the
highest state of perfection, are prepared to fill orders
for the IMPROVED PROSPECTING and TUNNELING
DRILLS, with or without power, at short notice, and
at reduced prices. Abundant testimony furnished of
the great economy and successful working of numerous
machines in operation in the quartz and gravel mines
on this coast. Circulars forwarded, and full informa-
tion given npon application.
A. J. SEVERANCE & CO.
Office, No. 316 California street, Rooms 16 and 17.
24v28-tf
Bronze Turkeys
Gobblers, 30 to 40
pounds. Hens
15 to 20
pounds.
Emden Geese
40 to 50 pounds
per pair at ma-
turity.
LEGHORNS,
BANTAMS
BRAHMAS, GAMES ^HMW£P^ Black
HOUDANS. ■ JJiT'W t OATCGA DUCKS
EGGS, fresh, pure, packed so as to batch after arrival on
any part of the Coast. For Illustrated Circular and Price-
List, address '
M. EYRE, Napa, Cal.
[Please state where you saw this advertisment.]
Female Complaints should be cured, as they often
an be, by a few doses of Ayer's Sarsaparilla.
fclrt *ft &Knn invested in Wall Street often
3> I U IU vwvU leads to fortune. A 72-page
book explaining everything, and copy of the Wall
Street Review sent free.
JOHN HICKLTNQ & CO.,
Bankers and Brokers, 72 Broadway, New York.
(letalliirgy and Ore?.
JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IH
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
Chemical Apparatus and Chemicals,
Druggists Glassware and Sundries,
PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, ETC.,
512 and 514 Washington street, SAN FRANCISCO
We would call the special attention of Assayers
CaemlBtB, Mining Companies, Milling Companies
Prospectors, etc., to onr large and well adapted stock
ASSAYERS' MATERIALS
— AND —
Chemical Apparatus,
Having been engaged In furnishing these supplies sine*
the first discovery of mines on the Pacific Coast.
*y Our Oold and Silver Tables, showing the value
per ounce Troy at different degreeB of fineness, and val.
nable tables for computation of assays In Gralus
Grammes, will be sent free upon application.
7v26-tf JOHN TAYLOR k 00.
Varney's Patent Amalgamator.
Hirsr Machines Stand Unrivaled.
For rapidity pulverizing and amalgamating oreB, they
have no equal. No effort has been, or will be spared
to have them constructed in the most perfect manner
and of the great number now in operation, not one has
ever required repairs. The constant and Increasing de-
mand for them issufflcient evidence of their merits.
They are constructed bo as to apply steam directly
Into the pulp, or with steam bottoms, as desired.
This Amalgamator Operates as Follows ■.
The pan being filled, the motion of the muller forces
the pulp to the center, where it is drawn down through
the apperture and between the grinding surfaces.
Thence it is thrown to the periphery into the quicksilver.
The curved plates again draw it to *he center, where it
passes down, and to the circumference as before. Thus
It Is constantly passing a regular flow between the grind-
ing surfaces and into the quicksilver, until the ore is
reduced to an impalpable powder, and the metal amal-
gamated.
Setlers made on the same principle excel all others
They bring the pulp so constantly and perfectly In con.
tact with quicksilver, that the particleB are rapidly and
completely absorbed.
Mill-men are invited to examine these pans and setlers
(or themselves, at the office, 229 Fremont Street,
San Franciso*
Nevada Metallurgical Works,
21 First street San Francisco.
Ores worked by any process.
Ores sampled.
Assaying in all its branches.
Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Waters, etc.
Plans furnished for the most suitable pro-
cess for working Ores.
Special attention paid to the Mining and
Metallurgy of Quicksilver.
E. HTJHN,
C. A. LI7CEHABDT,
Mining Engineers and Metallurgists.
RODG-ERS, MEYER & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
ADCARCE8 MADE
•a all klndi of Ores, and particular attention
PAID TO
HONSIPNMENT8 OF OOOM.
avium
Instructions in Assaying,
Chemical Analysis, Determination of Minerals, and
use of the Blow-pipe.
HENBY G. HAKES
Will receive a few pupils at his new laboratory, 617
Montgomery street, up-stairs. TERMS MODERATE
LEOPOLD KUH,
(Formerly of the U. S. Branch Mint, 8. F.(
Ajs&myei" and ^tetallurffioa'
CHEMIST,
No. 011 Commercial Street*
(Opposite the U.S. Branch Mint.
San Franotsco Cal. 7v*ji-Sir '
F. MANSELL & CO.,
SIGN PAIN TEES,
423 PINE STREET,
(Between Montgomery and Kearny.)
Persons engaged in the following business can have
their SlgDB Painted at contract prices, for goods or
articles in which they trade, viz: _ ■;
Merchant Tailors, Gents 'Furnish'? Q 'ds,
Bootmakers, ifc^urniture Dealers,
Hatters, Jewelers,'
Hotels, Piano Fortes,
Wine Merchants, Etc., Etc.
Dewey & Co. {*££■,} Patent Agt's.
428
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
Short Lectures on Patents.
No. 10.— By J. L. Bookb, of Dewey & Co'a. Miming ahd
Scientitio Pbeis Patent Agency.
Copyrights.
Oar patent laws are based upon the proposi-
tion that the originator or producer of any-
thing new is entitled to a certain proportion of
the benefits to be derived from his production.
This rnle is also applicable to literary produc-
tions, and the term which is employed to desig-
nate this class of protection is called a copy-
right.
Copyrights are only granted to citizens of
the United States or residents therein. A for-
eigner cannot secure the copyright protection
in (he United States, neither does any foreign
country grant the right of a .copyright to citi-
zens and residents of the United States. The
only way for an American eitizen to secure his
right to a literary production in a foreign coun-
try is to engage some resident of that country
to secure the protection and hold it for him.
Many attempts have been made to inaugurate
an international copyright law, or system by
which the pioducers and authors of literary
productions could secure universal protection
for their works, but as yet all attempts to ac-
complish this result have failed.
The copyright protection is granted to " the
author, inventor, designer, or proprietor of any
book, map, chart, dramatic or musical compo-
sition,engraving, cut,print or photograph or neg-
ative thereof, or of a painting, drawing, chromo,
statue, statuary , and pf models and designs in-
tended to be perfected as works of the fine
aits," and the law adds that the executors, ad-
ministrators or assigns of the author, originator
or designer shall have the sole liberty, upon
complying with the law, "of printing, re-print-
ing, publishing, completing, copying, exeout
ing, finishing and vending the same; and in the
oase of a dramatic composition, of publicly
performing or representing it, or causing it to
be performed or represented by others, and
authors may reserve the right to dramatize or
translate their own works/'
Thus the protecting arm of the law is thrown
around men of genius and literary attain-
ments, and they are allowed the benefit of
whatever merit they possess, in return for the
benefits which they confer upon the public
Many a well deserved fortune has resulted from
the possession of a copyright.
In Order to Secure a Copyright
The proprietor is required by law to mail a
printed copy of the title of the book, or a writ-
ten description of the thing to be copyrighted,
to the Librarian of Congress at Washington be-
fore the publication of the work. And within
ten days after publication he is required to
mail to the Librarian of Congress two complete
copies of the work to be protected. The word
"publication" has been held to mean " sale "
in this connection, so that the two copies must be
deposited in the mail within ten days after one
of the oopies is disposed of by sale.
In many cases copyrights have been secured
without the preliminary step of mailing to the
Librarian of Congress the title page or a de-
scription of the work. "We doubt whether such
a copyright would be legal. The Librarian of
Congress issues the usual certificate upon the
payment of the proper fee and the deposit of two
copies of the work, but the fact that a certifi-
cate has been issued is not a proof that the
proprietor has complied with all points of the
law and that the copyright is complete and
legal.
If it be established in any suit which in-
volves the validity of a copyright that this pre-
liminary title page or description was not prop-
erly placed on file before publication of the
work, I do not see how the courts can fail to
pronounce the copyright as incomplete and
therefore void.
If a person places on file the title page or de-
scription of a work and fail s to complete the copy-
right by filing two sample copies of the same
a* required by law, he is liable to a penalty of
tweuty-five dollars.
The preliminary filing of the title page or
description of the work to be copyrighted is in-
tended to serve as a caveat to protect the pro-
prietor while he is engaged in perfecting and
publishing his work. Several notable in-
stances have occurred where a written article
or poem was published anonymously and it
was afterwards found almost impossible to
prove who the author was amidst a number of
claimants all of whom had equal grounds upon
which to establi.-h their claims. The author
can now easily avoid such trouble by filirg his
intention before he gives his work to the public.
Every copy of the copyrighted work must con-
t tin a conspicuous notice that a copyright has
been secured, and this may be done by either
printing, engraving or stamping upon each
copy the words ' 'copyright secured by A. B. in
1875" ir "copyrighted by A. B. in 1875.*' Tbe
law of lo7U made it the duty of every proprie-
tor of a copyrighted work or article to place
upon each article the words, " Entered accord-
ing to the net of Congress in the year by
A. B., in the office of the Librarian of Congress,
quicksilver, also, as 1 believe, by chemioal
ion. And I might mention other chemical
'ions, causing loss of quicksilver. Henoe
importance of keeping the pan as clean as
possible of quicksilver in the first half of the
at Washington." This notice, however, was
found to be cumbersome and its use in many
instances impracticable.
The law was therefore amended in 1874 so
as to render the words "copyrighted" or "copy-
right secured" legal. They are certainly as
explicit and much more convenient than the
former lengthy notice.
A copyright can be assigned by any instru-
ment of writing in the same manner that
patents are assigned, and all assignments of
copyrights must be recorded in the office of
the Librarian of Congress within sixty days, in
order to protect the assignee from subsequent
purchasers.
Copyrights are granted for a term of twenty-
eight years from the time the title is recorded
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, and
at the expiration of this term, the copyrightor
can if he be living, or if he be dead his widow
or children can, have the right extended for a
further period of fourteen years.
It is a~ public offence for any person to mark
any production or work with the words "copy-
righted" or other words of like, import, which
has not been secured by a copyright, and the
law in regard to the infringement of a copy-
right, either by copying, printing or making
a fac-simile of the thing copyrighted or so close
an imitation thereof as would be calculated to
deceive the public, or with intent to evade the
right of the copyrightor, is very strict, and the
rights of proprietors are carefully guarded.
Labels.
Ths term label is intended to inolude printed
instructions, wrappers of articles upon which
descriptions are printed and the ordinary labels
which are permanently secured to or upon ar-
ticles of merchandise. The principal use of
labels is upon bottles containing patent medi-
cines or composition articles. Heretofore this
class of printed matter has been copyrighted
in order to secure its protection, but the law in
relation to labels which went into effect in
August, 1874, provided for the issue of a patent
or certificate of registration for their protec-
tion, in the same manner that trademarks are
protected. Applications for patents on labels
must now be mads to the Commissioner of
Patents.
Note.— These lectures trill be issued in cheap book form
bj the publishers of this journal.
Fatal Mining Accident.
On the 21st inst. a frightful accident oc-
curred at the Murchie mine near Nevada City.
About half past three o'clock the roof of the
hoisting works of the mine was discovered
to be on fire, just above the engine. John
Shaw and another man were the only men on the
top at the time. There were six men at work
in the shaft, which is 400 feet deep; their
names were Samuel Heoker, John McCourt,
Jack Stephens, Thomas Jenkins, Daniel
O'Donnell and a Chinaman. Mr O'Donnell
made his escape. He says the Chinaman told
him that he was wanted above. Be asked tbe
Chinaman why the car was not hoisted. The
latter said he did not know. The rope kept
jerking, which was a pign that there was some-
thing the matter. O'Donnell started to go to
the surface, and thinks the others attempted to
follow about 100 feet behind him. When he
got in sight of the top, he saw men beckoning
him to come up. Ha hallooed to the others
and moved on himself. When he reached the
top, the building was all on fire, and the three
sets of timbers in at the mouth of the shaft
also on fire. Pieces of the burnt shingles were
falling thickly in the building, but he pushed
through the hot flame and smoke and reached
the outside, completely exhausted. There was
a large pile of timber around the building,
which also took fire and made the heat intense
for a hundred feet around. There was no wa-
ter nearer than the V flume, a half mile or
more distant. Men were sent to that place,
and at about half past four o'clock it reached
the fire.
As soon as it came, men took pails, pans and
everything within reach, and commenced to
dash water on the pile of wood and down the
shaft. The fire at the mouth of the shaft was
soon extinguished, and O'Donnell, the man
who had escaped, put a rope around him and
descended into the smoking ruins under-
ground. He went down about twenty feet and
found McCourt with his feet caught in the lad-
der. He at length released him and was drawn
out, about smothered himself. McCourt was
breathing when brought to the surface, but
died in a minute after. O'Donnell said there
was not a particle of air at the depth of twenty
feet when he was down there, but the shaft was
full of smoke.
After the fire had been partially extinguished,
a bellows was obtained, and air pumped down.
O'Donnell, who was the hero of the hour, again
descended, with others, and found Hecker and
Jenkins about one hundred and ten or twelve
feet down the shaft. Hecker was dead, and
Jenkins nearly so. They were taken to the
surface, and it was hoped that Jenkins might
reoover, althougu the chances were slight.
Stephens and the Chinaman had got up to the
same point, but finding the air stifling, got
down tbe pump rod until they found good air,
where they were found all rigbt.
It is reported that about the 1st of July a
cargo consisting of 12,000 ties and the first
consignment of railroad iron will arrive at
Santa Monica,
Hints on the Washoe Process.
(Continued from last ■week.)
The Loss of Quicksilver.
Every piece of wood that has come in contact
with quicksilver, the canvas straining sacks,
the worn out pan shoes and dies, even after
careful washing and breaking, the thoroughly
washed and shaken quicksilver flasks, the used
up kettles and dippers, the floors, &c, all have
quicksilver sticking to them; the men carry
quicksilver on their boots and clothes, and it is
Wnd scattered in very small quantities outside
of the mill. It goes everywhere. Drop a
globule on the floor, you cannot entirely recover
it. Climb up forty or fifty feet to the cross
timbers in the top of the mill, collect some
dust on top of the timbers, examine it with a
glass or wash it, and you will find quicksilver.
Some is lost every time crude bullion is melted.
Every pound of quicksilver is handled probably
forty times a day, and every time there is a
little loss. (Quicksilver should be handled as
much as possible mechanically, being raised by
steam in pipes or some other arrangement.)
Quicksilver not covered with water or other
liquid evaporates in tbe air. These losses can
only be prevented partially by the greatest clean-
liness and care.
Again, quicksilver charged with copper read,
ily becomes coated with small particles of iron-
In the pulp, it is readily coated by iron pyrites,
grease, slimes, etc., or reduced to great fine*
ness by grinding. In these "floured" and
coated conditions much of it will float away
and be lost, unless means are employed to col-
lect it. I have found cyanide of potassium very
effectual for this purpose. Thorough settling
also collects a good deal. Ores containing
much talc likewise act unfavorably on quick-
silver. As soon as quicksilver is fouled, and
becomes sluggish, it not only loses to a Urge
extent its amalgamating power, bnt also is
easily cut up and floured.
In addition to the sources of mechanical loss
above mentioned, much of the quicksilver is
lost chemically. The water from the settlers,
if filtered and concentrated, will show quick-
silver present in solution. Sulphate of copper
in solution is decomposed by quicksilver, some
of the quicksilver becoming Bulphate of mer-
cury, while the precipitated copper forms a
copper amalgam with the remaining quicksil-
ver. Chloride of silver also can be decom-
posed by quicksilver, chloride of mercury being
formed, lfbinoxide of manganese is preseni
in the ore, it occasions a heavy loss of
period of working the charge. The grinding
in the first half will not cut np and flour the
quicksilver; the chemicals can act on the ore
and not on tbe quicksilver; and tbe silver
minerals wiil be reduced by the chemicals, in-
stead of having the expensive quicksilver con-
sumed by reducing some of tbe minerals or
combinations. By observing this simple rule,
by using chemicals for saving qnioksilver at
the end of the charge, and by subsequent care-
ful settling, I have found it possible to diminish
very much the loss of quicksilver that would
otherwise occur.
In conclusion I have only to aay, that, in my
opinion, even base and refractory ores can fre-
quently be worked more profitably by this
process than by the vastly more expensive
methods of dry crushing, roasting, smelting,
etc.
Mnoh of the credit to be given for many
pointn brought forward in this paper is due to
Mr. William F. Carter, mechanical engineer,
who has worked with me constantly for several
years past.
Patents & Inventions.
A Weekly List of D. S. Patents Is-
sued to Pacific Coast Inventors.
[Fboh Official Reports fob the Mining and Soikn.
tivio Press, DEWEY & CO., Publishers and
U. 8. AND Fobeion Patent Agents.]
By Special Dispatch, Bated "Washing-ton,
D. C. June 22d, 1875.
Fob Week Ending June 8th, 1875.*
Dynamic Weenoh.— Sebastian Piymale, Port-
land, Oregon.
Fibs Escape. — Franklin P. Berney, San Quen-
tin, Cal.
Manufacture of Nitbo-Sux.phubio Actd fob
ManutactubinoNitro-Gltcebine. — Pruden-
cio Castellanos, S. F., Cal.
BeCOVEBING A.CEDS FKOM RESIDUUM OF NlTBO-
Gltcebine Manufaotubk. — Pmdencio Cas-
tellanos, S. F., Cal.
Apparatus fob Recovering Acids from the
Residuum of Nitbo-Gltceeine Manufac-
ture.— Prndencio Castellanos, S. F., Oal.
Explosive Compounds. — Prndeocio Castel-
lanos, S. F., Cal.
Explosive Compounds. — Prndencio Castt-1-
lanos, S. F., Cal.
Lock Mobtiisino Machine. — Charles J. Hardee,
8. F., Cal.
HvDBiULio Elevator.— Philip Hinkle, S. F.,
Cal.
Wagon Brake.— John C. Trallinger, Portland,
Oregon.
Trade-mark.
For Pbepabed Salmon, — James Quinn, Port-
land, Oregon.
Academy of Sciences.
The regular semi-monthly meeting of the
California Academy of Sciences was held on
Monday evening! last, Vice President Gibbons
in the chair. The donations to the museum
consisted of specimens of teal duck, pine cones,
minerals from Governor Purdy, and several
valuable specimens of wood from Professor
Davidson, in Japan; quicksilver and other min-
eral specimens, from gentlemen whose names
were not ascertained. Dr. Giobons, of Alameda,
read a paper on a speoimen of the trout fish
found in Mendocino county. Judge Hastings
submitted three papers: V A Plan for the Re-
clamation of Swamp and Overdowtd Lands,"
"Artificial Ruins," and the "San Francisco
Observatory." Dr. Kellogg read a brief paper
on "The Oregon Lily."
Mr. Amos Bowman read a paper on "The
Great Plunge of the Tertiary, " which is given
in another column.
It was announced that tbe proceedings of the
Society for last year were published and ready
for distribution.
Wobk on the Nevada Couuty narrow gauge
railroad is progressing rapidly. When com-
pleted it will be one of the best of narrow
guage railroads— first-class in all respects. Mr.
J. F. Kidder, the engineer of construction,
states that the tunnel between Bear river and
Greenhorn creek will be completed by the mid-
dle of August.
The Argus thinks that Petaluma presents
great inducements for the establishment of ex-
tensive tanneries. There is an inexhaustible
supply of bark in the county; a near market,
cheap transportation, excellent climate and all
the facilities and advantages that could be
desired.
Thb grading of the Ruby Hill and Eureka
railroad has been completed to the Lawton
dump of the Eureka Consolidated line. The
surveyors are now engaged in running traok
centers, and will soon finish their part of the
work. Iron and ties are arriving daily and
being laid.
A $4.00 BOOK FOR $1.50.
The People's Common Sense Medical
Adviser, in plain English, or Medicine Simpli-
fied, by R. V. Pierce, M. D., Couniellor-in-
Chief of the Board of Physicians and Surgeons
at the World's Dispensary, Buffalo, N. T. The
above work — a book of about n'ne hundred
large pages, profusely illustrated with wood
engravings and colored plates, and well and
strongly bound— will be sent postpaid to any
address for One Dollar and Fifty Cents, mak-
ing it the cheapest book ever offered to the
Amerioau pouplo. Ocher books treating of
domestic medicine, of like size and style of
binding, and not nearly as well illustrated,
with no colored plates, and some of tbem con-
taining no prescriptions, and ma \ ing known
no means of self cure for the diseases which
they discuss, sell for from three dollars and
a half to five dollars. Were Dr. Pierce's Work
not published by the author, printed and bound
with bis own machinery, and were it sold
through agents, as other like works are, the
price of it would have to be not less than four
Jo liar*. For when the publisher pays the au-
thor a fair price for his production, then adds
a profit to his investment large enough to sat-
isfy himself and compensate him, not only for
his labor, but also for the risk of pecuniary
loss whioh he assumes, in taking the chances
of tbe enterprise proving a success, and when
tbe State, county and canvassing agent has
each received his profit, they have added to
tbe expense of a book, that originally cost
about $1.25, so much that the people have to
pay not less than $1.00 for it. Tne People's
Medical Adviser, on the contrary, is placed
within the pecuniary reach of all classes by the
author, who adopts the plan of the Grangers,
dispensing with midd'emen and giving the
benefit of their profits to the people, offering
his book at a price little above actual cost of
publication. That those desiring tbe book
may run no risk of losing their money, in
sending it through the mails, tbe antbor adver-
tises that money addressed to him at Buffalo,
N. Y.. and enclosed in registered let'ers, may
be at his risk of loss. The author's large cor-
respondence with the people upon medical
matters, which we are credibly informed fre-
quently exceeds three hundred letters a day,
and requires several trained and skillful medi-
cal assistants and short-hand reporters to enable
him to entertain and answer them, as well as
his large daily dealings with disease at the
World's Dispensary, appear to have peculiarly
fitted him for writing the work, bv rendering
him very familiar with the ever? day medical
needs of the people. He endeavors in this
work to answer all the numerous questions
relating to health and disease that have been
addrssed to him by tbe people from all parts
of the land, and hence it contains important
information for the young and old, male and
female, single and married, nowhere else to be
found. All the most prevalent diseases of
both sexes are also plainly and fully considered
and means of self cure made known. Unlike
other works on Domestic Medioioe, it includes
the subjects of Biology, Cerebral Physiology,
Hygiene, Temperaments, Marriage, Reproduc-
tion, t to., all of which are treated in an original
and interesting manner. It a is compendium of
Anatomical, Physiological and Medioal Science,
and embodies the latest discoveries in each de-
partment. — • Com.
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
429
METALS.
(WHOLESALE. 1
Wednkstmi M ., June 33, 1875.
American Pif Iron, ft too 9 40 00
Scown Pig Iron, ft too 46 00 a 48 00
White Pig. V ton fi 40 00
Oregon Pig, T» ton @ 40 0U
Refined Bex, bad assortment. V ft 10— 31*
ReHned U»r, good assortment, f) fe 3 — 4
Boiler, No. I to 4 2 — fl1*
Plat*, No. A toy (B— 5*t
Sheet. No. Httol* S- 5S
Shoot. Na. 16 to A> — .Vvoi — $\
Sheet. No. V2 to 24 — 6 « — 6S
Bheet. No.2»to2* - 6^(1 - 7
Horee Shoes, per keg. 1 SO *9 8 00
Nail Rod -10 w
Korwftj Iron — 9 <3
Rolled I roo — G 3
Othar Irons for Hlaokamitha. Uintn, ate. W — 4 \
Goffer.—
Braziers' — 35 @
Oopper Tln'd — JT^S — 4
O'Nlol'i Pat — 37.S4 — *>
Bheathiog, jt th — 40 » — 34
HhoathiUK. Yellow — — a — 35
Hhoathing. Old Yellow ® — UU
Composition Nails —34 @
Composition Knit* — 34 fad — —
Steel.— Raglfsh Oast. V t> —20 % - 25
Anderson A Wood*' American CasL @ — 16*4
Hat Bar.'.".' '.\'."*'.7.';"i*."."!"."!X""!!"' - 18 @ — M
Plow Steel — 9 ^ — 10
Tin Plates.—
10x11 in Obarooal 12 00 @ 12 S>
lUl 4 I XOharona) 14 00 (3 14 50
Rooting Plata I O Cbarooal U 00 & II 50
Banca Tin — Nl (gj — U
Australian — 38 aa — 30
Zing.... By the <tank — — @ — 11
/inc. Sheet 7x3 It. No 7 to 10 fib. A — 11
do do 7x3 ft, No 11 to 14 (2 - 11,4
do do 8x4 ft, N08 to 10 S — US
do do 8x1 U, No 11 to 10 @ - 13
Naiu A-aorted sixes „ 4 25 m 8 70
yuicasiLVKii. twrfb — 65 jj — 70
LEATHER.
I WHOLESALE. 1
Wednesday m., June 23, 187S.
Olt* Tanned Leather, r ft 26/0)29
Santa Urns Leather, i* ft 26939
Co an try Leather, fV m 24<sV2f
Stockton Leather,* b 25^9
Jodot, 8 Kil.( per doz $50 iK)r<B 54 H"
Jodot, 11 to 13 Kil. .per doz «8 iXkS 79 00
Jodot 14 to 19 Kil., per doz 82 0U@94 "«
Jodot. second choice, 11 to 16 Kil.fi dos. 57 OOto 74 00
Oornellian. 13 to 16 Ko 57 OOftp 67 On
Oomellian Females, 12 to 13 63 00(5 67 no
Cornelian Fjmaies. 14 to- IK Kil 71 iiy® 76 50
Simon Ullmo Females, 13 to IS, Kil fio oo@ bJ ifi
Bimon CI mm Femaiea, 14 to 15, Kil 70 00 a) 72 W
Simon Ullmo Females, 16 to 17, Kil 73 00475 00
Simon, 18 KU„» doz 81 OOffe 63 ill
Simon. 20 Kil. » doz 85 00(5) 67 <W
Blmon. 34 Kil. *t doz 72 00(3 74 00
Robert Oalf, 7 and 9 Kil 35 00(<fl M 00
Frenoh Kipi, fl b 100» lift
California Kip, Wdoa 40 Mm B" M
French Sheep, all colore, f* dos 8 DOffl 15 00
Eastern Oalf for Backs, fl b 1 00(3 1 35
Sheep Roans for Topping, all colore, fl doz 9 00® 13 00
Sheep Roans for Linings, fl doz 5 50<a 10 SO
California Rnssett Sheep Linings 1 7-VoJ 4 50
Best Jodot Oalf Boot Legs, fl pair 5 00a 5 35
Good French Oalf Boot Lege, fl pair 4 00(5 4 75
French Oalf Boot LeRa.fl pair 4 00(# —
Harness Leather, fl b 30© 37
Fair Bridle Leather, fl doz 48 00a 72 —
8kirting Leather, fl b 33® 37«
Welt Leather,* doz 30 DOa 50 00
Ban* Leather, fl foot .„. , 17® u
Wax Side Leather.* foot.! ... 17(S
WIRE ROPE
For Mining, Shipping:, and General Pur-
poses.
AH kinds and sixes' on hand, or m de to order; guar-
anteed of unsurpassed quality, and manufactured of
any length. FLAT ROPES, ROUXD HOPES and
TAPER ROPES, of IRON OR STEEL.
Patent Endless Wire Ropeway
(WIWS TIIAMWAY,)
FOB THE RAPID AND ECONOMICAL TBANSPOB-
TATION Of OBEJ .AND OTHER MATE-
BIAL OVEB MODNTAINOC3
AND DIFFICULT
BOADS.
This system has been In nee for over three years,
and given thorough satisfaction.
PATENT OKIP PULLEY,
For transmission of power by means of wire ropes.
WIRE.
Fencing Wire and Staples,
BALING WIRE,
SPBINO WIRE,
GALVANIZED WIRE,
BROOM WIRE,
STEEL WISE,
COPPEE WIBE,
BRASS WIBE,
And Wire of all kinds, on hand or made to order.
SOLE AGENT VOK
Richard Johnson and Nephews' Cele-
brated Telegraph Wire.
Fall stock on hand in bond, or duty paid.
Wire Cloth and Wire Netting.
FULL ASBOBTMENT ON HAND FOR ALL
FCBPOSES, AND
All Kinds of Goods in the Wire Line.
Send for Circulars, Etc., to
A. S. HALLIDIE,
3am 113 and 115 Pine Street, S. F.
1776. ^ 1875.
PROCLAMATION.
July 4th7 1875.
UEADQUARTERS GRAND MARSHAL, NO.
127 Montgomery street, San Pranclnco, California.
June 17tn, 1*76.
FELLOW CITIZENS: Tbe sear approach of the
Ninety- ninth AriniTeriary of the Declaration of Ameri-
can Independence la the signal to Invoke good citizens
to aid In perfecting the arrangements for a fitting cele-
bration of the honored day.
Having been distinguished in the appointment of
Grand Marshal by the unanimous choice of the Com-
mittee of Arrangements, I desire to extend to ull mili-
tary organizations, civic bodies, societies, and to all
classes of citizens willing to organize for the purpose,
a warm and hearty Invitation to join In the memorial
honors of the day.
Without partisan or sectional bias, looking only to
tbe glorious national memories of the past, and to the
prosperons future stretching fir before. let us, dwellers
by the Western sea send back a loyal greeting to our
fellow-citizens nearer the birthplace of National
Freedom.
The first century of American, freedom draws to its
glorious cloBe. National trivia and struggles for exist-
ence have not shattered the noble fabric of Republican
self-government— cemented as has been by the blood of
our Revolutionary forefathers. Looking backward to the
early vicissitudes of our national existence, the Amer-
ican citizen sees In the hlgh-souled patriotism of the
Revolution the grandest model of duty and self-devo-
tion. Let us fittingly honor the day, the men, the
deed. The Independence of America! its proclamation
gave hope to suffering millions; its achievement has
given happiness toagreatnation in wealth and numbers
far surpassing tbe most sanguine hopes of tbe manly
heroes who fought for posterity, who died that we
might be free. In peaceful enjoyment of the freedom
so dearly purchased, let us as a grateful body of fellow
citixens forget any dividing line in the proud boast
that we are Americans.
Special invitations will be extended to all accesalblet
associations, and It Is enjoined upon all claBBes of our
citizens to organize under chosen offloers and receive a
proper place in line.
Announcement Is made of the appointment of Major
It. H. Savage as Chief Aid to the Grand Marshal.
Committees on Finance will be duly announced, and
in their visits to our fellow-citizens, tbe generous re-
sponse peculiar to California is invoked for the neces-
sary support of such a celebration as will do our loyal-
it y credit.
JOHN life CO MB, Grand Marshal.
W. T. G-ARRATT.
O I T Y
Brass and Bell Founder,
Corner Natoma and Fremont Streets,
MANUFACTUBEBfl OF
Brass, Zino and Anti-Friction or Babbet Meta
CASTINGS,
Church and Steamboat Bells,
TiVEKN AND LMD BELLS, fiOKOI.
FISE ENGINES. FORCE AND LIFT PUMPS,
Steam, Llqvor, Soda, Oil, Water and Flange Cocks,
and Valves of all descriptions, made and repaired.
Hose and all other Joints, Spelter, Solder and Cop-
per Eiveta, etc. Gauge Cocbs, Cylinder Cocas, Oil
Globes, Steam Whistles. HYDRAULIC PIPES AND
NOZZLES for mining purposes. Iron Steam Pipe fur-
nished with Fittings, etc. Coupling Joints of all sizes.
Particular attention paid to Distillery Work. Manufac-
turer of " Oarratt's Patent Improved Journal Metal,"
•7-Highest Market Price paid for OLD BELLS. COP-
PER and BRASS. 6-tf
Woodwabd's Gardens embraces an Aquarium, Muse-
um, Art Gallery, Conservatories, Tropical Houses,
Menagerie, Seal Ponds and Bkatlug Blnk.
Averill Chemical Paint,
MAX Ui'AOT USED BY THE
Cal. Chemical Paint Co,
PURE WHITE, AND ANT SHADE OR COLOR.
This Paint is prepared In liquid form, READY FOR
APPLICATION— requiring no thinner or dryer, and will
not spoil by standing any length of time.
It 1b Cheaper, more durable, more Elastic, and pro-
duces a more Beautiful Finish than the best of any
other Paint.
It will not Fade, Chalk, COrack, or Peel off, and will
last twice as long as any other Paint.
In ordering White, state whether for Outside or In-
side use, as we manufacture an InBide White (Flat) for
inside use, which will not turn yellow, and produces
a finish superior to any other White known.
Put up in If, M,l,2 and o gallon packages, and in
Barrels. Sold by the Gallon.
For further information Bend for Sample Card and
Price List, or apply to the office.
OFFICE and DEPOT: FACTORY:
117 Pine Street, near Front. Cor. 4th A Townsend Sts.
3v9-eow-bp-ly
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
TO MINING COMPANIES.
A mining superintendent and engineer, of long ex-
perience, wishes to correspond with a view to engage
as mining superintendent. Best references given
Address, "J. B.,"
P. O. Box «33, Oakland, Oal.
A Paying Gold Quartz Mine
WILL am SOLD
AT A VEBY REASONABLE FIGURE.
Terms, Cash,
Application must be made before the 1st of July, 1875.
Address, A.. G. HULL,
• Care of W. LNNE8, Esq., Hokelumno Hill, Calaveras
County, Cal.
BllECB'S
I Mary Pressure Blower}
I Warranted superior to any
} other. Rotary or Reclproca-'
ting. T.WILBRAHAM&BROS.)
2316 FraaJtford Avenue,
PHILftDELPHIA.
For Smelting Works, Foundries,
— AND FOB —
Ventilation of Mines.
Full stock always on hand.
J. C SENDERLING,
Sole Agent for Pacific Coabt, 32 Fremont Street, S. F.
lam-16p
Ames' Genuine Chester Emery
<$>
Has been reduced from seven cents to six
cents per pound for grains in kegs, flour
and fine flour remaining at four cents per
pound, sb heretofore. Important discounts
to ti»" trade. Send for circulars.
V. HAUGHWOUT & CO.,
2d Beekman. Street, New York.
yjjnjpg and Other Copipapie?.
Bandereta Mill and Mining Company —
Location of principal place of business, San i'rnm. i-co,
California. Locution of work!), Coulternlle Mining Dis-
trict. Maripo-n County, California.
Notice Is hereby given. 1 hut at a meeting of the Board of
Directors, held on the 17th day of June, 1875, an assess-
ment, No. 1, of twenty-nve (25) cents per share was levied
upon the capital atuclt of the corporation, payable imme-
diately, in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at
the office of the company.
An; stook upon which this assessment Shalt remain un-
paid on the Uth day of July, 1875, will be delinom'nt, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 2d day of
August, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
J. W. TRIPP, Secretary.
Office, room 16. No. 408 California street, San Francisco,
California.
Electric Mining Company— Principal place
of business, San Francisco, State of California. Loca-
tion of works, Lincoln Mining District, Butte County,
State of California.
Notice is hereby given, that at a regular meeting of tbe
Board of Directors, held oa the 22d day of June, 187'% an
assessment of Five cents per Bhare was levied upon the
capital stock of the corpora' ton, payable immediately, in
United St-ites gold coin, to the Jiecretarj, at the office of
the company, in San Francisco, Cal.
Any stock upm which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on ibe2bth day of July, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the 16th day of
August, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses of sale.
A. B. PAUL, Secretary.
Office, No. 318 California street, San Franoisco, California,
Room No. 13,
Geneva Consolidated Silver Mining Com-
pany. Location of principal place of business, City
and County of San Francisco, State of California.
Location of works. Cherry Creek Mining District,
White Pine County, State of Nevada.
Notice. — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment (No. 6) levied
on the 13th day of May, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, as
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Oeorge W Bibbens 6 300 $75 00
George W Blbbens 6 300 CO 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 10 78 19 50
I T Milliken, TruBtee H 60 12 50
I T Milliken, Trustee 20 2079 619 75
I T Milliken, Trustee 67 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 63 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 69 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 70 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 71 100 26 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 83 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 84 100 25 00
I T Milliken, TrHBtee 85 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 86 100 25 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 87 100 25 CO
I T Milliken, Trustee 92 2000 600 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 93 1800 460 00
I T Milliken, Trustee 94 741 185 25
I T Milliken, Trustee 134 1750 437 50
I T MHliken, Trustee 135 4000 1000 00
I T Milliken, TruBtee 136 5375 1343 75
Charles Camden 23 312 78 00
Charles Camden 43 1250 312 50
Robert Merrill 24 1000 250 00
M W KaleB, Trustee 99 600 125 00
M W Kales, Trustee 100 600 125 00
M W KaleB, TruBtee 101 600 125 00
M W Kales, Trustee 103 600 125 00
James T Maclean 36 750 187 60
James T Maclean 133 45 1125
HBarroilhet 32 1250 312 60
Oamilo Martin, Trustee 83 1250 812 SO
Robert McBeth 84 1260 812 60
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
D MKeuneld 35 1260 312 60
Oeorge F Oelsse 41 1250 312 SO
ODO'Sulllvsn 11T 250 62 60
CD O'suMivan 118 250 62 60
8 M Tbeall 47 626 166 25
Jeremiah Callaghun 63 62S 166 26
O B Laud 64 813 78 26
JasThosBoyd 68 250 62 60
John Hohn, Trustee 126 125 81 25
J BLaporte 61 166 39 00
AH Rutherford 63 2350 087 60
Oeorge Treat, Trustee 64 1000 260 00
George Treat, Trustee 66 100 26 00
J W Phillips, TruBtee 65 100 25 00
William Condon 128 125 31 26
JoaephMoUig 129 125 81 26
James Farsous 130 125 *1 25
Donald McLean 131 125 31 25
Alexander Taylor 132 100 25 00
And in accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on the 13th day of May,
1876, bo many shores of each parcel of said stock aa
may be necessary, will be sold at public auction, at
tbe office of the company, room 14, 302 Montgomery
street, San Francisco, Oal., on WedoeBday the thirtieth
(3uth) day of June, 1876, at the hourof 12 o'clock M.,of
Baid day, to pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs of advertising and expenses of tale.
I. T. MILLIKEN. Secretary.
Office, Room 14, No. 302 Montgomery street, San
Francisco, Cal.
POSTPONEMENT.— The above sale is postponed to
Tuesday, tbe sixth day of July, 1875, at same hour and
place above mentioned. By order of tbe Board of
Directors. I. T. MILLIKEN, Secretary.
San Francisco, June 25, 1876.
Morning Star Gold and Silver Mining
Compnoy. Locution of principal place of business. Saa
Francisco, California. Location of works, Graat Mo^ul
District, Alpine County, State of California.
Notice is bereby given, that at a meeting of the Board of
Directo b, held on the 2istday of June, 1876 an asassa'
ment, No. 25. of one dollar (LOU) per share was levied upon
the capita) stock of the corporatmn, payable immediately,
in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office 01
the company, room 1, No. 402 Moatgomery street. San
Francieco, California.
Any stock upon which this assFsBmeal shall remain bo-
paid on (he 2Hu day of July. A. D , 1875, will be delin-
quent, and advertised for sale at public auction, and
unless payment in made before, will be sold on Saturday,
tbe 1 it n d.-y of Angust, 1&75, to pay the delinquent assess-
ment., together wnh costs of advertising and expenses of
sale. By order of the Board of Directors.
O. H. BOG ART. Secretary.
Office, room 1, No. 402 Montgomery atreet, bun Francisco,
California.
Nevada Land and Mining Company—
Location of principal place of business, San Francisco,
California. Location of works, Spruce Mountain Min-
ing Diatiict, Elko County, State or Nevada,
Notloe in hereby given, thatat a meeting ot the Board of
Directors, held on the 14th day of .May, 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 17) of Two cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately
in United States gold coin, to the Secretary, at the office
of tbe Company. Rooms i and ti. No. 302 Montgomery street,
San Francisoo, Cal.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain 111-
paid on Saturday, the h'rh day of June, 1875, will ba
delinquent, and advertised for sale at public auction,
and unlexs payment is made before, will be sold ou
Saturday, the 8th day of July, 1675, to pay the delinquant
assessment, together with costs of advertising and ex-
penses, of sale By order of the Board of Director*.
WM. H. WATSON, Secretary
Office, Rooms 5 and 6, No. 302 Montgomery street, Saa
F:anciico, Cal,
Orleans Mining Company — Location of
Principal place of business, San Francisco, California.
Locatiun of works. Grass Valley Mining District, Oraas
Valley, Nevada County, Ualiforma.
Notice is hereby given, that at a meeting of the Board
of Trustees of said company, held on the 31st day of May,
1875, an assessment, No. 6, of two dollars per share was
levied upon the capital stock of said company, payable
immo'-liiit t-ly, in gold coin of the United States of America,
to the Sccreiary, at the office of the company, room 8,
No. 315 California street, San Francisco, California.
Any stook upon which said asaessment shall remain un-
paid on the 6th day of July, 1875, will ba advertised oa
that day as delinquent, and unless payment uhall bemad*
before, will be Hold ou the 28th day ot July, 1875. to pay
the delinquent assessment, together with costs of adver-
tising and expenses of sale.
GEO P. THURSTON. Secretary.
Office— Room 8, No. 315 California street, San Franoleeo,
California.
Umpire Tunnel and Mining Company—
Principal place of business, San Francisco. California.
Location 01 works, Big Oottouwood District, Salt Lake
County, Utah.
Notice is hereby given, thatat a meeting of the Board
of D rectors, held on the 20th day of May. 1875, an assess-
ment (No. 4) of Five (5) cents per share was levied upon
the capital stock of The corporation, payable immediately,
in United Btates currency, to the Secretary, at the office
of the company. No. 531 GitHforriia street, San Francisco,
Cal., or to the Superintendent.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain un-
paid on the First day of July, 1875, will be delinquent, and
advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment
is made before, will be sold on Monday, the Second day of
August, 1875, to pay the delinquent assessment, together
with costs of advertising and expenses ot sale.
WM. SMALL, Secretary.
Office, Room 1, No. 531 California street, San Franoisco,
California.
Virginia Consolidated Mining Company—,
Location of principal place of businessman Francisco,
State of California.
Notice — There are delinquent upon the following
described stock, on account of assessment levied on
the 21st day of April, 1875, the several amounts set
opposite the names of the respective shareholders, aa
follows:
Names. No. Certificate. No. Shares. Amount.
Edward Mohan 16 426 $42 60
Edward Mohan 192 24 2 40
Thomas Bertram 167 668 66 80
JohuMcHenry 168 227 22 70
Catherine Fitzpatrick 65 227 22 70
John Mallon 43 100 10 CO
Mrs Mary Bertram 170 454 45 40
JLOogswell 8 340 84 00
WO Bradley 139 114 11 40
E Chenot, Trustee 35 6000 600 00
EChenot, Trustee 145 454 46 40
A F Benard, Trustee 25 100 10 00
A F Benard, Trustee 20 127 12 70
A Wingard 174 100 10 00
A Wingard 175 100 10 00
John Mallon 49 100 10 00
A F Benard, Trustee 98 140 14 00
A F Benard, Trustee 104 60 6 00
A F Benard , TruBtee 142 227 22 70
John J Mountain 124 100 10 00
John J Mountain 125 100 10 00
John J Mountain 134 60 6 00
John J Mountain 36 60 6 00
J W Pearson 167 10,326 1,032 60
A F Benard 188 100 10 00
And In accordance with law, and an order of the
Board of Directors, made on tho 21st day of April,
1875, so many Bhares of each parcel of said stock aa
may be necessary will be sold at public auction at the
salesrooms of Maurice Dore A Co., No 826 Pine Street,
San Francisco, on tbe 28th day of June, 1876, at the
hourof 12 o'clock m.,o( said day, to pay said delin-
quent assessment thereon, together with costs of ad
vertiBing and expenses of sale.
T. B. WINGARD, Sec'y.
Office, Ko. 918 California street, San Francisco. Cal.
(Room No. 13.)
430
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
[June 26, 1875
Ifop a/id jMachijie W$.
San Francisco Boiler Works,
N. "W. Cor. Harrison and Main .
Late 126 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO.
JF. I. CURBT,
Late Foreman ol the Vulcan Iron Works,) Proprietor
High and Low Pressure Boilers of all
Descriptions.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
SPIRAL BOILER.
SHEET IKON WOBE of every description done
at the Shortest Notice. Ji__r_ „
All kinds of JOBBING and REPAIRING promptly
attended to. 17v25-3m
THE BISDON
Iron and Locomotive Works,
INCORPORATED APRIL 30, 1868.
CAPITAL $1,000,000.
LOCATION OF WORKS:
Corner of Beale and Howard Streets,
SAM FRANCISCO.
Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Quartz and Flour
Mill Maohinery, Steam Boilers (Marine, Locomotive
and Stationary), Marine Engines (High and Low Pres-
sure) . All kinds of light and heavy Castings at loweBt
prices. Cams and Tappets, with chilled faces, guaran-
teed 40 per cent, more durable than ordinary iron.
Directors :
PARKE & LACY,
SOLE AGENTS FOB THE
Burleigh Rock Drill Comnany.
— MANTJFACTUBEB8 OF—
PNEUMATIC DRILLING MACHINES,
AIR COMPRESSORS AND OTHER MACHINERY.
Also. Farmers' Dynamic Electric Machine and Hill's Exploders for Blasting', Put-
nam Machine Company's Tools. "Wright's Steam Pumps and Haskin's Engines.
PARKE & LACY,
310 CALIFORNIA STREET, S. F.
21v28-3m-hd
Joseph Moore,
Wm. Norris.
■Jesse Holladay,
Wm. H. Taylor,
James D. Walker.
O. E. McLane,
J. B. Hag gin,
WM. H.TAYLOR President
JOSEPH MOOKE.. .Vice-President and Superintendent
LEWIS R. MEAD Secretary
24yl7-qy
FULTON
Foundry and Iron Works.
HINCKLEY & CO.,
■ UIOFA0TDE1EB Off
e ruA-M engines,
Flour and Saw Mills,
Quartz
Hayei1 Improved Steam Pimp, Brodle'. Im-
proved Crasher, Mining Pump.,
Amalgamator., and all kind.
of Machinery.
N. E. corner of Tehama and Fremont streets, above How.
rtreot. Ban Francisco. B-Q7
IhaP. Rankin. Established 1850. A. P. Brayton
Pacific Iron Works,
Foist Stkeet, - SAN Francisco.
Geo. "VT. Fog-c, Supt.
MACHINERY AND CASTINGS
OF EYERY DESCRIPTION.
Heavy Forging Boilers,
and Marine.
Stationary
JOBBING AND REPAIRING WORK OP EVERT
KIND. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO MINING AND HOISTrNG
MAOHINERY.
Sole Manufacturers and Agents of
PEATT'S PATENT STEAM PUMP-
GODDARD & OO., Props.
WM. HAWKINS.
T. G. OANTRELL
J.AWKINS & CANTRELL,
MACHINE WORKS,
210J& 212 Beale St.
Near Howard, - - - SAN FRANCISCO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
Golden State Iron Works.
(CO-OPERATIVE.)
PALMER, KNOX & CO.,
19 to 25
FIRST STREET, SAN FRANCISCO,
Manufacture
Iron Castings and Machinery
OF ALL KINDS.
Stevenson's Patent Mould-Board Pan
THE BEST IN USE.
QUICKSILVER FTJB.NACES, CONDEN-
SERS, &c.
Having much experience in the business of the Re-
duction of Ores, we are prepared to advise, under-
standing^, partieB about to erect Reduction Works as to
the better plans, with regard to economy and utility.
Occidental Foundry,
Steam Engines and all kinds of
and Mining Machinery.
Mill
UNION IRON WORKS,
Sacramento.
BOOT, NEILSON & CO.,
xAHtrr AonTUBi or
STEAM ENGINES, BOIIj£BS,
CROSS' PATENT BOILER FEEDER AND SEDIMENT
COLLECTOR
Dunbar's Patent Self-Adjusting Steam Piston
PACKING, for new and old Cylinders.
And nil kind* of Mint tiff Muchluerjr.
Front atriet, between Bf and O ■tr«*««l
Sacramento Oitt.
Also manufacture and beep constantly on hand a
supply of our
Improved Portable Hoisting Engines,
From Ten (10) to Forty (40) Horse Power.
N. B. — Jobbing and Repairing done with Dispatch.
»«* 1 1 1£ fcTX JCK.OJN 1*11^10.
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
Corner Howard and Beale Streets,
Are prepared to make SHEET IRON AND A8PHALTUM
PIPE, of any size and for auy pressure, and contract to
lay the same where wonted, guaranteeing a perfect
working pipe with the least amount of material.
Standard sizeB of railroad Car Wheels, with special
patterns for Mining Cars, These small wheels are made
of the best Car Wheel Iron, properly chilled, and can be
ntted up with the improved axle and box — introduced by
this company, and guaranteed to outlast any other
wheels made in this State.
oy All kindB of Machinery made and repaired.
24v22-3in JOSEPH MOORE. Superintendent.
PACIFIC
Rolling Mill Company,
SAN FBANCIBCO, OAL.
Established for the Manufacture of
RAILROAD AND OTHER IRON
__ — AMD —
Eyery Variety ot smiaftin.K',
Embracing ALL SIZES f
Steamboat Shaft*, Crank*, Pinion and <'«.,,.
neclln.fr Bodi, Oar and Locomotive A.xie>
and Priimei
— ALSO —
HA.M:M:EJaiiii> ruoiv
Of every description and alze.
otj- Orders addressed to PAOIFIO ROLLING MILL
OOMPANY, P. O. box 2032, San Francisco, Oal., will re-
ceive prompt attention
ag* The highest prion paid for Sorap Iron.
137 and 139 Firbt Stbeet,
San Fhanohoo
STEIGER, & KERB,
IlitON FOUNDERS.
rEON CASTINGS of all descriptions at short notice.
Sole manufacturers of the Hepburn Roller Pan
and Callahan Orate Bars, suitable for Burning
Screenings.
Notice.— Particular attention paid to making Supe-
rior Shoes and Dies. 20v26.3m
6. W. Pbescott.
I
W. R. Eon ART.
Marysville Foundry,
MARYSVILLE, _-.. _ QAL,
PRESCOTT & EOT ART,
Manufacturers of Quartz and Amalgamating Machinery,
Hoisting Machinery, Saw and Grist Mill Irons, House
Fronts Oar Wheels, and Castings of every de-
scription made to order.
Stoam Engines constantly on hand for sale. 9v23-ly
T. A. McCormick. Oscar Lewis. J. McCormick
McCormick, Lewis & Co.,
INDUSTRIAL IRON "WORKS,
lanufacturers of Light and Heavy Castings. Partiou.
r attention given to Architectural Iron Work.
233 and 235 BEALE STREET,
■. Howard and Folsom Streets, SAM FRANCISCO.
Empire Foundry,
Nos. 137, 139 and 141 Fremont Stbeet, Sah Francisco,
RICHARD SAVAGE, Proprietor.
Heavy and light Castings of every description. House
Fronts, Mining and General Machinery estimaed and con-
structed at shortest notice. On hand the celebrated Oc-
cident and French Ranges, Burial CaBkets, GrateB and
Fenders, Road-Scrapers, Hydrants, Tuyere Irons,
Ploughwork, Sash Weights, Ventilators, Dumb Bella,
GipBies, Ship Castings, SOIL PIPE of all Bizea, Fittings
and Cauldron Kettles in stock at Eastern rates. SHOES
and DIES a specialty. Ornamental FenceB in large
variety. 4.Y30-lyr.
CALIFORNIA BRASS FOUNDRY,
ft o. 125 Flrat street, opposite Minna,
SAN FRANCISCO.
All euidb of Brass, Composition, Zinc, and Babbitt Meta
Castings, Brass Ship Work of all kinda, Spikes, Sheathing
Nails, Rudder Braces, Hinges.Suip andSteamboat Bellsand
Gongs of superior tone. All kindsof Cocks and Valves, Hy
draolic Pipes and Nozzles, and Hose Couplings and Connec-
tions of all sizes and patterns, furniahed with dispatch
M'jr PRICES MODERATE. -€*
T. H. WEED. V. KT NO WELL.
McAFEE, SPIERS & CO.,
LtOILER MAK£Bf!i
AND GENERAL, MACHINISTS,
Howard st., between Fremont and Beale, Ban Franoisoo
California Machine "Works,
119 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.
BIRCH, ARGALL & CO.,
Builders of QCABTZ, SAW AND FLOUB MILLS
Keating-'a Sack Printing- Presses,
The Economy Htdraulio Hoist fob Stobes,
And General Machinists. 25v28-3m
RISDON & TOWER,
MANAGERS OP
Pacific Boiler, Sheet Iron, and
WATER PIPE WORKS.
All Kinds of Boiler and Sheet Iron Work.
High and low Pressure Boilers Built
and Bepaired.
We refer to twenty years' experience in the above
?"SSe^ M * 8Uarantee that all orders for work will be
faithfully executed.
OFFICE AND WORKS, 118 & 120 FREMONT ST.,
Bet. Mission and Howard, San Francisco, Oal.
J. N. EISDON, formerly of Coffee & BiBdon and
Risdon Iron Works.
OHA8. TOWEB, formerly Foreman of Coffee & Bis-
don and Bisdon Boiler Works.
UNION IRON WORKS,
PRESCOTT, SCOTT & CO.
H. J. BOOTH «fc CO.
The copartnership heretofore existing under the
name and style of H. J. BOOTH k CO., expired on the
8th day of June, 1875, by the withdrawal of H. J.
Booth. The business will be carried on by the under-
signed, their successors, at the same place, under the
name and style of PRESCOTT, SCOTT & CO who
assume all liabilities of the late firm and to whom aU
outstanding accounts will be paid.
GEO. W. PRESCOTT,
IRVING M. SCOTT,
„ . ,. HENBT T. SCOTT.
Saving sold out my interest in the firm of H. J.
Booth & Co., I ask for my successors a continuance of
the liberal patronage so long extended to the old firm.
Messrs. Preacott, Scott & Co. will pay all debts of the
late firm and collect all outstanding accounts.
H. J. BOOTH.
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Of all sizes— from 2 to 60-Horse power. Also, Quarts
Mills, Mining Pumps, Hoisting Machinery, Shafting,
Iron Tanks, etc. For sale at the lowest prices by
10v27tf J. HENDY, No. 82 Fremont Street.
PARKE &. LACY,
310 California street. San Francisco
td
a
o
W
i-3
►xl
t-i
a
LS
b>
•-d
a
THOMPSON BROTHERS,
EUREKA FOUNDRY,
126 and 131 Beale street, between Mission and Howard,
San Francisco.
U6HT AND HEAVY CASTINGS,
of every description, manufactured. 2*vl6ar
The Phelps' Manufacturing Co.,
(Late S. F. Screw Bolt 'Works.
MANUFAOTUBKRB OF ALL KINDS OF
Machine Bolts, Bridge Bolts and Ship or
Band Beits.
18, 16 and 17 Drumm Street, San Francisco. *v241y
FRANCIS SMITH & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Hydraulic Pipe,
AND
ARTESIAN WELL PIPE.
Havi • g the Latest Improved Machinery, we can make
It an object to
Mining & Water Companies
OR
WATER WORKS,
To Contract with us for
SHEET-IRON PIPE.
All Sizes Made and all Work Guaranteed
130 Beale Street,
Miners' Foundry and Machine Works,
CO-OPERATIVE,
First Street, owBrd and Folsom, San Francisco.
Maohinery and Oastinits of all kind*.
JOHN THOMSON. JOHN B. PARKER.
THOMSON & PARKER,
(Formerly with David Stoddart,)
112 Beale Street, San Francisco, Oal.,
ENGINEERS and MACHINISTS,
MANUFAOTUREE3 OF
STEAK PUMPS, STEAM ENGINES.
And all kinds of Maohinery.
BEPAIRTNO PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO,
June 26, 1875.]
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
431
PACIFIC MACHINERY DEPOT,
H. P. GREGORY, Nos. 14 & 16 First Street,
P. 0. Box 168. San Francisco, Cal.
SOLE AGENT FOB THE PACIFIC
COAST FOB
J. A. Fay & Co's Wood-
working Machinery,
Blake's ^Patent Steam
Pumps,
Tanite Co's EmeryjWheels
and Machinery,
Fitchburg Machine Co's s<
«* Sl^ILcVaul ^Xunuji .au .,11 ACJHOT-
ing- Shavings and Sawdust
Machinists' Tools,
from machines.
Sturtevant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans,
J. A. Roebling's Sons Wire
Rope,
Pure Oak Tanned Leather
Belting,
Perin's French Band Saw
Blades,
Planer Knives,
Nathan & Dreyfus' Glass
Oilers, and Mill and
Mining Supplies
of all Kinds.
BLAKE'S PATENT STEAM PUMP
Over 7.500 unsuccessful Use in the United
States.
California Planers and Matchers, and Wood Working Machinery of all Kinds,
For Sale at TREADWELL & Co. Machinery Depot, San Francisco-
The Oaupobnia Planer and Matcher is got-
ten up from Dew patterns specially for this
Coast. It has Cast Bteel Slotted Cylinder Head,
running in patent Belf oiling boxes; Matcher
Slndlea also of the best cart steel. The Gears
are all protected with iron covers. Will plane
24 in. wide and 6 in. thick, and tongue and
Iroove 14 in. wide. Will make rustic
gnd stick gutters, or heavy mouldings, etc., and
as the best Job Machine ever built.
i^We have always on hand n large assort-
ment of Planing Mill Machinery, all of the latest
improvements, including Planers, Moulding,
Morticing and Tenoning Machines, Band and Jig
Saws, die, &o. Send for Catalogues and prices.
TEEADWELL & CO.,
3r29-eowf-t San Francisco-
Adjustable Saw Guag-e
Foot Power
Improved Saw Arbors.
Z¥X 3 '/* X.J/4
U til_Jl_J]_UL_JL_JL
Planer Knives of all sizes on hand.
Improved Band Saws
Tulloch's Automatic Ore Feeders.
Will Feed Wet or Dry Ore
Equally Well.
Will Increase the Quantity from
One to Two Tons Per Day.
Are Durable, Compact and
Cheap.
For FuU Description, Send for Circulars.
IF- OGKDEZLsT,
310 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
REMOVED TO N. E. COR. CLAY AND KEARNY STS. 4*
1845. The Harrison Portable Mill Machinery. 1875.
FAST GRINDING. SMALL POWER.
Thirty Years' Experience in this Specialty, covered by Twentv intents.
French Burr Stone Mills, run by bund, horse, wind, water or steam power. Flourine Mills
and Bolters, combined or separate; Vertical and Horizontal Corn Mills, Feed. Mills and
Universal Pulverizers — wilt grind all GramB nud Mineral itnd Vegetable substances.
Send stamp for Illustrated Catalogue continuing cur of each clesiirif sind price-liBt.
EDWARD HARRISON, Manufacturer,
No. 1.15 Howard. Ave., New Haven, Conn.
THE
GIANT POWDEK.
Pateated May 86, 1868.
ONLY SAFE BLASTING POWDER IN USE.
GIANT POWDEK, INTO. 1,
For hard and wet Rock, Iron, Copper, etc., and Submarine Blasting.
&IA.TSTC POWDER, NO. S,
For medium, and Beamy Rock, Lime, Marble, Sulpbnr, Coal, Pipe Clay and Gravel Bank Blasting, Wood, etc.
Its EXCLUSIVE use saves from 30 to 60 per cent. In expenses, besides doing the work in half the time
required for black powder.
*?" The only Blasting Powder used in Europe and the Eastern States.
BANDUANN, NIELSEN & CO.,
Y33-3ml6p General Agents, No. 210 Front Street,
It
"3 "3 J9
"S to 2
■g *
<a 22 %
03
a
P. o
o
3 .2 .
Examiner of Mines, Mineral Aasayer, Etc.
«g
Author of the "Explorers', Miners', and Metallurgists' Companion," a practical
work of 672 pages, with 81 illustrations.
Price of the second edition, $10.50, (cloth); $12 (leather).
Inventor of the "WEE PET " Assaying Machine, which obtained a Gold Medal
at the San Francisco Mechanics' Institute Fair of 1869.
Price of the machine, with tools, fluxes and instructions, $100.
a A Of) CTt£-^).P^: ^ b ' [l 9 AN S AND
ft CENTS P0^
j^-JSYSTEMATIC
lC°NfcENTRMlON
^SSl&fe& ^is^sis
LEFFEL & MYERS,
MANDTACIUBKBS OF
T "Sh** T71 fC* TR"* T ' Si
AMERICAN DOUBLE TURBINE
WATER WHEELS,
Spherical and Horizontal Flumes ,
Also all Kinds of Mill Gearing especially
adapted to our Wheels.
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.
COMPETITION DEFIED. HORIZONTAL FLUME,
For Satisfaction it has no equal. Patented April 1,1873.
Address, or Call on LEFFEL & MYERS, 306 California St., S. F *
BS*Send for Illustrated Catalogue and New Price List— sent tree-
432
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.
[June 26, 1875
INDEX TO VOLUME XXX
—OF THE—
Mining and Scientific Press,
From January to July, 1875
Pace.
A.
Academy ot Sciences. .17,
8S, 152. 185. 209, 251. 272,
286. 300, 329, 339, 384, 428
Acidity 383
Adobe Soil of California. 10
Agricultural Items. 12, 44,
92, 172, 188, 299, 401
Agricultural Matters at
Berkeley ISO
Air, Impurities of 71
Air Pressure 3
Air Solars 313
Alameda Oo Mines 54
Alaska Mines 34
Ale ohol 303. 367
Alloy. New 331
Aluminium 199, 399
Aluminium for Engineer-
ing Instruments 131
Aluminium Utensils 163
Amalgamator, Fra-eru'. .397
Amalgamator, Ruther-
ford's M6
Amalgamator, Tun-
bridge's 105
"Amalgamator, Rae'i
System of 329,337
Americanist's. Interna-
tional Congress of 180
Amethysts 83, 399
Anatomy of InsBCts 39
Anvil, Deadening Sound
of... 119
Apoplexy 303
Aqueducts, Ancient 163
Arctic Expedition. ...*.... 156
Arizona Mines 18,58, 362
Aroic* 199
Arras tra. Improved 304
Artificial Precious Stones 1 47
Asbestos 146
Astronomical, 51,147,235,
267, 347
Australian Colonies. ..98,
146,194,269,410
Bacteria 195
Bag Factories of S F 330
Ballooning 367
Band Saws 331
Bathing 23, lis, 151
Bearings 219
Beaver District 18
Beds, Insulated 183
'Bee Hunting 38
Bells, Mending 256
Belting... i 3
Belts, uiling 383
Belts, Metallic ....331
Belt-", Treatiu g 299
Benzine Scouring 51
Bessemer Steel 315, 331
Black Hills.. 152, 3IW, a IS. 352
•BlaBting 23J
Blasting, Clearing Land
by : 84
"Blowers, Blake's 257
Blower. Improved 331
Blue Lead in Placer Co
163, 169
Blue Lead in Oregon 82
Boilers, Action o; Zinc on!63
Boilers, Best 379
Boilers, Expansion of 347
Boilers, Explosions of 19,251
Boiler Experiments 51
Boilers, Qroovlng in.,.„.3Jl
Boilers, Safe 199
Boilers, Steel 395
Boise Basin Mines 318
Bonanza, the Bin .38, 40, 70, 74
Books, New 397
Botany of California 177
Boynton's Life Savi n g
Dress 399
Brain- Wearof 103
Bras i Bearings 179
Bricks 119, 131
Bridge, St. Louis 299
Bronzes 19
Building, Extravagance
in..... 318
Buildings, Foundation of.399
Building Material 151
Building, Rapid 118
Bullion Prod uot 21, ±6, 97, 104
Bullion Refining 37T
Bull Run District 6
Burleigh Drill 99, 104, 120,
161,233, 304
Butte County Mines 318
O
Cabinet Making 198,218
Calaveras Co Mines 42.
114,362
California Geology 409
Ca: i i orriia Water Co 200
"Camp Lounge 353
Canals and Ditches 2, 36,
57, 70, 10-t, 2' il). 'ill. 382
Canals, Irrigating 134
Canal-, Stesm on 114
Capital, Large 40
Car, Freight ll$
"Carolina Parrot £40
Cask Making by Ma-
chinery 297
Casting, Compression in 395
Cements 55.71, 103. 347
" Centennial Ex Bldgs . .24, 2*
Chalcedony Its
Chameleon, Colors of.... 287
Channeled Nails 363
Chasm at Gold Hill 182
Cherry Creek Mines.. 66, 293
Chilian Patent Laws 'Jul
Chloral for Seasickness
30,367
Chrome Iron in DAI.. . .74, 82
Chromo-Lithogr tphlo
Proeesa 35,131. S83
City Mining 6
Oily of Peking 124
Climatic Changes in Oal. 130
Clothing, Warmth of 87
Coal andAttphaltum 304
Coal, AtfOOf 99
Coal in California 36, 51.
60. 70. 210
Coal in China 320
Coal, Combustion of 23
Coal Deposits of the Pa-
cific Coast 25*
Coat Fields of Puget
Sound , 410
0>al, Early Use of 71
Coal Lands 86
Coal, Lecture on 102
Coal in Nevada. . . .70, 150, 302
Coat Oil Explosions i9
Coals, Paoiflo Co ibi. Rel-
ative value of ..:320
Coal as a Raw Material. .184
foal Slate 34
Coal, Structure of 219
Ool ors in Oar pets 135
Color in Decorations 382
"Colorado LakeB - ..401
Colorado Mines 1,101
Colombia, Mine* of 28
Columbia District 6
Comets 235
Comstoek'B Grave 362
Cometock Mines 2,4.6,9,
18. 32, 31, 40, 54, 120, 134,
182, 198. 211, 221, 250, 301,
346. 353, 378. 400
Concentration of Ores 72,
152, 261. 311
•Ooncentra tor, V i n
cent's 313
Confectionery, Poisoned. 22
Consolidated Virginia M
3. 18, 20. 54. 120, 190, 321,
" Illustrated.
Page.
Cooking, Art of 335.351
Copper in Human Organ-
isation 351
Copper Mines 60
Copper. Uses of 179
•Cork Solpd Boots 313
Cornell Watch Faotory
12. 240
Cornucopia District 6
Coso District 2
CoughB and Colds 7, 151,
319,335
Cremation 147
J>
Death Rate 7
Diatoms 20
Diphtheria 55. 135
Domestic Economy 7, 55,
103, 119, 135, 151, 167, 183,
221,239,255,27-1, 287, 303,
319,335,311,367,383. 399
415
Domestic Receipts (So*
7th page weekly)
Drawing, Art of 303
Dredging, New System of 267
Drift Mining 57, 168
Drill, Atkinson's 345
Douglas Co (Nev) Mines.378
Dyspapsia Remedies. . .7, 399
JE
Earthquake Indioator 347
Ebullition, Cause oi. 378, 395
"Economic Botany. 73, 81,
89, 105, 120, 121
"Eoonomv of the Vege-
table Kingdom 13h, 137,
166, 182, 208, 2-2-2 238, 2.50,
251, 266, 270, 302, 334, 350,
366.398
El Dorado Co Mines 108,
Electric Illumination 34',
Electric Lathe Chuck. ...251
Electric Light. Constant. U5
El o ctn o Machine 99
Electrioity and Blasting
23,35
Eleotricity, Cheap .331
Electricity, Observations
on 331
Embalming 119
Emma Mine 212, 273
Engine Building, Ama-
teur 138
Engines, Rotary 303
Engines, Small 418
Endues, Straw Burning. 168
Engines, Yacht 317
Engineering Items 250,
256.282,321,352
Engineers' Society of Gal
241, 260, 304
English Patents 108
Engraving, New Prooess.267
Esmeralda District. ...50, 97
Ether 51
Eucalyptus 287
Eureka Mines 70, J-16
Expeditions to Southern
Oal 336
Explosi?us, Experiments
With 163,283 414
Explosives as a source of
Power 99
Exhaust Steam and
Draft 363
Fahrenheit Thermome-
ter 351
Fat 7,223
Fetid Feet 367
File Cutiing Machinery.. 83
Files, Sharpening 319
Filing 303
Filth, Effects of 39
Fire <Uay, California. 288, 334
Fire Proof Pillars 283
Fish, Double 1J7
Kish as Food 223
Flavorings 87
Fiowera, Experiments
With 287
Fly, Mission of 251, 299
Foremen. Hints to 167
FossiU, Post- Pliocene 336
Fossil-. Gigantio 251
Food, Constituents of.... 23
Foundry Economy 83
Foundrymcnj and Li cens-
es 34
Foundry Molds, Drying. . 67
Foundry Work in San F
74, 68. 120, 152, 168, 184.
256, 257, 272. 304, 313, 352,
384,416
Freer Stone 06
Freezing Point 163
Fresno Countv Mines 266
"Fruit Drier. Plummor's.129
"Fruit Jar. Darcbe'a 305
Fryer's Process 416
Frying .Meats 223
Fuel, Kconomi-:al use Of. 18
Futl, Heating Power of.. 102
"Furnace, Brncknei'i
Revolving 281, 289
Furnace, Cutlfr'B 345
"Furnace, Heiligendorf-
er's 273
Furnaoe, Iron 299
Furnace, MeG lews' 66
Furnaoe, Smokeless 99
Furniture, Finishing 350
Fura, Artificial 55
Gr
Gas Flame 331
Gas Machine. New 25S
'Gear Cutter, Peer's 409
Gelatine 71, 201
Gems, Coloring 255
General News Items 12. 28
44,92, 108, 124,140.212,214
285,300,341.388,405
Geological Formations... 314
378
Geological Puexle 26, 163
GiantPowdcr Explosion. 240
Giant Powder Experi-
ments 2-56
Glacial Period 337
Glass, Care of 39
Glass. Disintegration of.. 66
Glass, Frosted 103
Glass, Gilding on 315
Glass Lithium 99
U lass, Malleable99 219232 411
Glass Manufacture 34'
Glass. Toughened 382
Glove Manufactory 182
Glue 71,395
Glycerine 71
Gold 76
Grain ElevatorB 41
Gravel Mines (See Hv-
draulio) 4'2, 51, 57, 68, 82,
66, 132. 148, 166. 172, 183.
2«, 3.8, 325, 353, 357,362,
372, 373. 382, 394
Gravel Minos in Oregon . .378
Grindstones 39
Groom District 10
Gam Arabic 39
Guns 19, 39
Guns, Improvements in
291. 311,317
Guns, Large 235, 347
Hall in a Waterfall 273
Hair, Coloring 271
Hair Springs 381
Hair Worm 136
Hammer, Common 135
Haskina' Engine, Test of.U6
Health and Culture. 118, 335
Health Lift : 255
Heating Dwellings 235
Paob.
Health Items 7, 23, 39, 55,
70, 151, 183. 199, 223. 239,
254,271,287,303. 319. 335,
351, 367, 383. 399. 415
Heat, Diffusion of 335
Hiccoughs 351
Homes for All 232
Hurdy Gurdies.. 330
Hydraulic Elevators 330
"Hydraulic Mining in Cal
9:17,31,49,72,92,108,113
137,140,145,161, 177, 193,
217. 233, 249. 272. 289
Hydrogen 67, 131,283
Hydrographic Surveying.286
Ice Drifting 399
Idaho M-ne 8
Idaho Mines (See Mining
Summary and) 34, 210
217, 318
Increase ofOipital Stock
20,84, 100,132,292
Industrial Items 12, 28, 44
92. 140, 143, 172, 188, 196
228, 236, 277, 285, 308, 341
349, 38 <, 405
Infusorial Earn 67
Inyo Co Mines (See Min-
ing Summaryand) 26
Iridium 115
Iron, Black-leading 14
Iron, Bronzing 351
Iron Buildings 350
Iron, Burnt 239, 395
Iron in California 70, 74
Iron Columns, Strength
of 147,195
Iron, Coating with Brass, 67
Iron, Coating with Cop-
per , 67
Iron, Corrosion of ..395
Iron and Gold 267
Iron, Drawing 35
Iron ancPElectrioity 283
Iron Furniture 163, 284
Iron, G-ses From 131, 235 363
Iron, Handling Hot 319
Iron, Hydrogenized 379
Iron Interest f
Iron, Items About 67
Iron. Is it Fibrous 267
Iron, Mastic for. 363
Iron, Paint for 131
Iron and Phosphorus 3
Iron Rusti in Snips 147
Iron and Rust 279
Iron Sands 131
Iron Ships 51
Iron Tanks, Seams in. ...255
Iron Trade. 87
Iron Wire 99
Iron Work, Progress in.. 347
Irrigation 291
Japanese Mines 34
Japanese Wreck* 162
Jefferson District 266
Jctteo System 210
Journals, Friction of 67
Jumping Claims 74
Jute 22
It-
Kal com t n ing 319
Kern Oo Mines (See Min-
ing Nummary and) .33,54
Kimball Manufacturing
Co 356
•King Bird 150
la
Labor Schools 67, 120
Lace Leather 371
Lake, Boiling ....163
LakeB, Mystery of 33
Lamps, Explc-Biona of.... 347
"Lamps, Improved. ... 398
Lamp .Self Lighting 3U
Land Plaster 172, 224
Land Shells. Origin of. ..153
Landscape Garde oing 10
'Lap Board 32
Lead 377, 421, 422
Lead Minerals, Table 420
421
Lead Mining 'BO
Leather Board for Roofs. 147
Leather Market (See 12th
Page Weekly)
Leather, Old 71
Lectures, Popular 65, 73.
76,98, 102,136,137,166,183
164, 350
Life Boat, Remarkable.. 379
Life, Duration of 351
Lightning Strokes 363
Light. Velocity of 99
Light Without Fire 367
Limestone Cave* 299
Lime Water for Burna. ..388
Lithium Glassi 99
Lockjaw Is 3
Locomotive Engineering
282. 286
Looomotive, Fircless 314
Locomotive Hill Climber 251
Locomotive Wheels 239
•Low Water AlsrmGaugs 97
Lungs, Consumption of.. 71
M
Machine Making 51
Machine Shop, Economy
in 355
Magnets 19
Magnets, Curious 379
MjgQas, Large 18S
Magnetism and the Au-
rora 299,411
Magnetism, Operatio n a
in 395
Magnetization 267
Mail. Parcels by 150
Mammoth District 162
Map of Comstook Lode 40
120
Mariposa Estate. 288. 336, 414
Massachusetts Mines.... 40
Mechanic's Institute Ex-
hibition . . . .21)7 260, 269, 369
Mechanical Triumphs 379
Memorial Day 368
Mctal-t, Casting 379
Metals, Coloration of. ...395
Metals, Contraction of — 83
Metals, Evaporation of.. .363
Metal Market, (Sets 12th
Page Weekly)
Metal*. Purification of... 315
Metallic Floors ST
Metallurgical Processes
65,76,98, 104, 200,219,234
241. 273, 281, 335
Meteoric Stone 119
Mexican Mines 40, 129, 178
194, 210, 331, 393
Mica Mines 54, 179
Microscopic Determina-
tion of Minerals 272
Mloroscopioal Society 42,
194,209,352
Microscope, Subatit u t e
for 379
Mill, A Model Flour 400
Mill, Quartz 2, 54, 70, 316
•Milling Machine 235
Mines Abandoned 188
Mlnea, Chances of Find-
ing 352
MineB. Capital in.... 277
Mine Capitals and Profit. 40
Mines, Eastern Investors
in 17.40,236
Mines, Opening Distant.. 26
Mines Petering Out 330
Mine in a Post Hole 362
Mines. Re-Working. ..129,
189,363.393
Mines, Selling :
Mines and Stockholders. 156
Mines, Taxing 152
Miners' Ohancos 70
Miners. Information for. 238
Mineral City Mines 362
Mineral Resources at the
Centennial 4^0
Mineral Statistics 104
Minerals at University.. .224
Mineralogy, Determina-
tive 164,372
Mining AccidentB 4,53
Mining Decisions, (See
Mining Laws)
Page.
Mining Dividends 57,72
Mining Education 368
Mining Excitements, Eas-
tern 40
Mining Industry, Antiqui-
ty of. S94
Mining Laws, 21, 65, 86, 169
188,202.203.204, 205. 310.
218, 261.320. 34X, 417, 418
419
Mining Machinery . .210,
304. 400
Mining, Profits of. . . 57,60, 70
Alining Shareholder b' Di-
rectory i Sen «b or 12th
Page Weekly]
Mining Stocks [See 1th
or 12th Page Weekly]
Mining Stock Mar ket
[*ee 4th or 12th Page
Weekly]
Mining Summary, contain-
ing aurrent mining news
from all Mining Dis-
tricts on the Pacific
Coast, [ See 4th and
5th Pages Weekly]
Mining Theories 2
Mining in 1874.. 56, 57, 60, 194
•Mint Engine 33
Mint Items. ..33, 217,329,365
Mississippi, Mouth of 382
Montana Mines |See Min-
ing Summary and]. 146, 261
Motor, New 41
•Mountain of Holy CrosB321
Mudhanksin Ocean 99
N
Nanaimo Coal 416
Nail Manufacture 315
Napa Co MineB (.See Min-
ing Summary and] 6, 74
82, 130
Naval Machinists 70
Needles 347,375
Nevada County Mines
(See Mining Summary
and] 8. 18. 22. 25, 51 70 82,
116,296.394
New Almaden Mine.. 72, 2*1
Nickel in Napa Co 130
Nitre Beds of Peru .362
•Nitro-Glyoarine Comp'd 49
Noonday Rook, Removal. 321
O
Oil Cloth Making In Oal. 146
•OreOrusher,McFarlands361
Oree, Sale of American.. 114
Ores, Treatment of.. 234. 414
Oregon Mines. ...29, 54,97
105, 378
•Oriole, Orchard 169
Ourselves 416
Ozone 331
Oxo-henzine 67
J?
Pacific Rolling Mills 212
Paint 85 172.375
Panamint District.. 32, 34,
33,362
'Paper Barrels 249
Paper Board 35, 267
Paper Manufacture 35
Paper, Waterproof 367
Patchen Process 104
Patent Decision 116
Patents. Eiaelish 106
Patent Law of Chile 200
Patents, Leotures on. .266
288. 305, 321. 336, 361, 385
401, 428
Patents, Notices of (See
List of and) 121, 153, 184
224,239,305.320. 3i0. 353
369, 334, 393, 416
Patenting Productions of
Soil 166
Patent System, Americanl82
Patents on Sewing Ma-
chines 229
•Pateraa Quicksilver Pro-
cess 241
Peavine 33, 130
Petroleum 99,114
Photographs, Large 179
Photographla Parasols. . .235
•Pinking Iron 49
Pioche Minea (See Min-
ing Summary and) 266
Placer County Mines (See
Mining Summary and)
2. 168, 169, 382
Placers in Nevada 18
Planing Machine, First.. 83
Plants, Respiration in.... 67
Platinum, Condensati o n
of Air on 289
Platinum. Fusion of 315
Pliocene Terrace* in Oal. 209
Plumas County Mines ( See
Mining Summary and). 74
Plumbago 215
Pneumatic Thermometer304
Posts, to Preserve 367
Potteryin U S 411
Projectiles, Velocity of.., 379
PropellorB 260. 317
Propellors, Competitive. 115
•Propellor. Lo tun' 217
"Pruning Sheare 208
Puddling. Mechanical, ...131
"Pump, Vacuum... ....... 377
*Pump, Wiloox'B. ...... ..161
Q
Quartzite 304
Quicksilver in Colusa Oo
33, 42, 82
Quicksilver in El Dorado
Go HB
Quicksilver, Frozen 201
Quicksilver Furnaces in
Cal 60
Quicksilver in Los Ange-
les Co 74
Quicksilver in Marin Oo. 130
Quicksilver, Metallurgy
of 98,102
Quicksilver Mining, Prof-
its of 366
Quick-ilverin Mexico.... 40
•Quicksilver Ores, Reduc-
tion ot 241
Quicksilver in Oregon 181
Quicksilver Producing
Mines of Oil 60, 72
Quicksilver in Santa
Clara Co 72
Quicksilver in Solano Oo
146.316
Quicksilver in Sonoma Oo 66
Quicksilver in Trinity Co.198
Quicksilver in Yolo Oo... 33
R
Rail, Clearer for Snow... 82
Rails, Cutting Gold 19
Rails, Magnetism in. 3 15, 363
Rails, Rerolling Steel .... 51
Rails Single, Towing on.. 35
Ralls, Steel vs Iron 363
Railroads and Frost 115
Railroad on Ice 147
Railroad Items, Pacific
Coa3t36. 40. 209,228,366 414
Railroad, NPaoi no 40
Railroad Platforms 283
Railroad, Single Track. ..115
Railroad Speed 330
•Railroad Tie, Blaisdell's'233
Rain 1,89
Reciprocity, Canadian . .114
Refinery, Richmond 346
•Rein Holder 97
Relief District 10
Relocations 66, 74
Removing Broken Drills. 416
Rereille District 162, 228, 282
•Road Locomotive 65
•Road Steamer 265
Rock Breakers 272
Rosita Dlstriot 1
RubherJoints 199
Rubber Pai ot 100
Rubber, Utilizing Old ,...399
'Rustic Shelter 185
S
Salicylic Acid 367
Salvador Mines 384,400
Sand Blast 179, 315, 411
Sand InMorUr 131
San Diego Mines 86
"Santa Cruz Ruins. 153
Page.
Saws, Filing 382
"Sawmill, Portable 417
Science Among AncientalSl
Science, Development of
8, 83
Science and Industrial
Occupations 89
Screws, Making 296
Sea Waves 395
Sewage, Utilization of ... . 83
Sewing Machines ,.,.225
•Sextant, Protracting 81
Shafts. Combination. 19s, 378
Shaft, Tapping 210
•Shell Mounds 8
Shingles, Preserving 87
Ships, Spaed of 283
•Sheep-back Rocks 345
hierra Co Mines [See Min-
ing Summary and ]82, 104
314
Silver Ore Reduction..., 94
Silver Ware Mnf in Cal. .293
Sluices ." 330
•Sluicing 409
Sonoma Co MineB [See
Mining Summary and] 66
Sonora Process 200
Springfield District 50
Stamp Batteries 272
Steam.... 35. 146, 195,200,363
Steamers, Light Draught 76
Steel Bronze. ■. 147
Steel Shoes and Dies,,,. 48
Steel. Tempering 3S3
Steel, Testing 299
Steel, What i-s it?.... 283, 323
Stock Jobbing Jug gei-
naut 346
Solder 422
Sugar, Assay of ....314
Sulphides, Metallic 19
Sulphur as a Fire Extin-
guisher 315
Sulphur in Nevada.. 266, 346
Sulphurets, Testing 10
Sntro Tunnel, 4, 36, 320
332, 352. 401
T I
Tailings 86
•Tea, Cultivation of. .369, 385
•Telegraph, Distrlot 193
Telegraphy, Cheap 39
Telegraphy, Future ......115
Telegraphio Im prove-
men ts 179
Telegraphers' Malady 335
Telemeter in Surveying.. 3
Telescope, James Lioks. 35
Temperature, Change in, 115
Temperature of Sun 267
Temperature, Under-
ground 198, 250
Terraces in Coast Range
185, 209
Text Books, Change in... 90
Thermometer, Glycerine. 3 15
Throat, Human 19
Timber. Shrinking of 303
Timber Supply of Eu-
rope 151
Tins for Cookie g 119
Tin Scraps 167, 415
Tires, India Rubber 35
Tires, Iron and Steel. ...163
Tools, Forging 161
Transit of Venus 3, 331
Trichina 167,223
•Tale Bottle Cover 40
Tule Lands 58
Tunnel Work at French
Corral 293
Tuolumne County Mines.218
Tuyere for Forges 83
Tybo District 60, 70
Typhoid Fever 351
XJ
University of California
193, 224. 384
Universe, Unity of 66, 70
Utah Mines. .18, 34, 42,54
66, 130,234,266,273
•Valve, Cut off 797
Van Camp's Pavement.. 12i)
Vanilla, Artificial 51
Vehicles 239
Vtneers, Cutting. 167
Veneers, Polishing 335
Veneering, Glass 19
Ventilating Mines 82
Vermillion , Chinese 103
W
Wages in California.. 114. 118
Walking Exercise 351
Washoe Process. Hints
on 320, 337, 349, 365, 385, 401
Waste 04,2-5 ,2o7,315
Watches, Treating Prop-
erly 199
Watch Making in Califor-
nia 240
Water Balance for Hoist-
ing 335
Water. Organic Matter inlGl
•Water Wheel 1
•Water Wheel, Knight's. 113
Wave Power 363
Weight by Cubic Foot. . . .267
Weight by Measure 87
Welding, Cariosities of
218 , 267
White Pine 50
•Whooping Crane 201
•Window Sash. Improv-
ed 393
Wind Drift Erosion 179
Wines Among Ancients. .13d
Wire, Brittle 283
Woolen Goods, Cleaning. 367
Woods , California 161
Woods, Strength of 382
Work in California. .114, 118
Work , Routine .-.351
Work Table 414
Worms in the Te eth 1B2
Wounds , Treatment of.. 351
Y
TachtH , Steam 317
Yosemite ...234
Yosemiie, Phenomenon
at 272
INCORPORATIONS.
Albany QM Co 84
AlhumbraQMOo 36
Allen ConsMOo 36
Alta Cons. M. Co 292
Almaden Cons Q M 00....325
Auburn Gravel M Co 220
THadgcr Cons M Co 220
Bonanza Mining Co. ...36, 52
Brilliant Mining Co 196
Brook-. Mining Go 196
BaokeyeWater k Hydraul-
ic Mining Co ....328
Buzzo Mining Oo 100
California Bank M Co.. 53
California Clay Mnf Co. .357
California Linen Co 36
California Peat Fuel Co. 292
California Rifle Ass 3811
California Rock Drill Co.132
California Raisin Co 84
Capital Q M Co 109
Carburetted Gas Ma-
chine Oo 357
Carlisle M Co 325
CarollnaMOo 164
OastroOoalCo 36
Caamalia Land A M Co.. 196
Central Corastock M Co.. 52
Cinnabar Cons. M Co 148
OolumbiaSMCo 36
Corastock Benellclating
Oo 4
Combin'd ComBtook M Co !00
Cons Alabama M Oo 220
Cons Bonanza MOo 52
CousComstock M Oo 357
Cons OcciJent M Co 116
Cornucopia Cons M Co. ..220
Cosmopolitan M Oo 4
fclast <>phir M Oo 380
BaBt Yellow Jacket M Co.148
EberharutQ M Co 132
El Dorado QM Co 164
Elk Grove B'ldng Ass... . 20
Enterprise M Oo 292
XurekaLampCe 92
Pass.
First Premium M Oo. . . .220
Fort Miller Gravel M Co . 164
Franklin Gravel M Co. ...220
GilaSM. Oo 84
Gold Deposit M Co .196
Goodall, Nelson k Par-
kin's 3 S Oo 84
Grant Gap Gravel M Co.. 292
UniDgers' Business Asan
of Cal 116
Griffith Cons M Co 196
Hamburg H Oo 957
Hero and Heroine Gons
MCo 84
Hope QM Oo 84
Humboldt M & M Oo 36
Indian Queen M k M Co, 84
Jarob Little Cons M Co. 36
Jefferson MOo 4
Jenny Glynn MOo 116
Julia Q M Oo 84
h-era River Land and
Canal Co 357
Li CompaniaMexioana.180
Laird M Co 84
La-t Chance M Co 180
Liberty MAM Co ISO
Manhattan S M Co 100
Mendocino M Co 84
Minerva M Co - 132
Monumental QM Co 81
Morgan M Co 180
Morning Star MCo 292
Mountain Queen M Co... 180
Mountain View Mnf Co.. 143
Murphy Virginia MCo.. 148
Mutual Indemnity Asan
of Grangers of Cal 52
TVagleMCo 196
Napa Valley Water Oo... 84
Nevada Q M Co 52
North Almaden Q M Oo. .220
North Oons Virginia M
Co 84
North Lady Bryan M Oo , 52
North Mexican MCo 325
North S Francisco M Oo. 84
Northwestern Q MOo.... 20
Oakland QM O© 116
Ocean View Q MOo 20
Original Flowery M Co.. 36
Original Genesee M Co. .380
OboMCo 52
Pacific Commercial M Oo220
Pacific Diepeneary Co.. ..196
Pacific Freestone Co 196
Pacific Gas Oarburetting
Oo IK
Pacific Hydraulic Power
Oo 160
Panamint Cons M Co 1)6, 292
Panther MCo 292
Perfect M Oo 116
Pioneer MAMOo 112
Pluto Q Furnace Co 220
PompcaQHCo 62
I-teil Mountain Q MOo.. 164
Revenue M Co 380
Rocky Bar MCo 52,116
Wan Francisco, San Ma-
teo k Santa Cruz R R
Co. , 148
San Joaquin k Fresno W
Oo A 164
ScotiaMOo 220
Segregated Ophir M Oo..325
Silver Central Cons M Oo 36
South California M Co, . .166
Bonth Capital M Co 325
Southern Cross M Co .... 4
Spanish M Oo 52
Spring Creek Ditch k M
Co 357
Star of Bethlehem M Oo.lOO
Stockton Irrigating Co. ..196
Terrace Cons M Co 920
"Union S MOo 292
University Studen ts Loan
FundOo.: 132
Utah Tunnel k M Co.... 196
Wells-Fargo M Oo B4
WeBtOrown Point MOo.116
West End Distilling Oo..2?0
Wast Point M Co 148
Woodville Cons M Co.... 52
PATENTS.
.Aerial and Marine Gyra-
rator.PB Fernandez... 276
Acids, Recovering from j
Residuum of Nitro-Gly-
cerine Mnf, POastel-
lano 428
Aerial Toy, P B Fernan-
dez : 277
Air Blast for Gas Ma-
chines, R Nowson 340
Alarm Combination Lock
HW Dilg 12
Almond Grater. J LeRoy 44
Amalgamator, W H Car-
son 405
Amalgamator, E J Fra-
aer 52,397
Amalgamator, J Ruther-
ford. 244. 336
Ammonia Gas, Absorb-
ing in Water J MBeath 172
Animal Trap.LPGeorge.,108
Animal Trap, G. Rich-,
ardaon 28
Apparatus for Recover-
ing Acids from Residu-
um of Nitro-Glyeerino
Mnf. P Oastellanos 428
Artificial Stone, A Ber-
»rd 12
Asphaltum M'stic.RSkin-
ner 108
Attachment for Cooking
Stoves, F Enos 405
Axes, (trade mark)R Pat-
rick 4 Oo 299
Sag Sewing Machine,
Garland k Gove 124
Bag Sawing Machine, no
name 166
Band Sawing Machine,
(re-lssne) 0>Bonney....244
Barrel Head Cutting Ma-
chine, O Osten 109
Bath Attachment (2) T D
Wootsey 84, 140
Bed Bottom Spring. Con-
nection for A O Mc -
Mains 188
Bed Bug Trap. J L Haw-
kins 244
Bill File, FB Alderson.,209
Bird Cage Attachment.
Q Fliedner 68
Bit Stock, E R Obarles
308,353
Blind Slat Adjuster, D
Aaron ffl
Blind Stop, A T El ford.. 68
Blotter, Paper Cutter and
Ruler Combined, F R
Angeil 325
Bobbin Winder for Sew-
ing Machines, Rhodes
and Redmond 303
Boot Olamp for Boot
Blacks. O Collier 7,6
Boots, (trademark) S W
Rosenstook k Co 28
Boracic Ao>d, obtaining
F Formhals 228
Broom Handle Socket, J
H Pitta 357
Broom Machine, ^(re-is-
suelAnierson A, Hough-
ton 140
Brush and Mop Holdiog
Devioe, R O May... 276, 305
Buckle, K. I Fra<er....52. 153
Button Hole Oa&ing, V
V Balmforth 209
Oandl€Btick,W Kilburn.188
Car Axles, S L Harrison. 172
Oar Ooupling, A V Ander-
son 340
Oar Coupling, T J Hub-
bel 224
Car Spring, A J Oulbert-
son 15C
Carriage.Doland k Soherb
308.384
Carriage \ Spring, W S
Higglns 149
Paoe,
Carburetting Apparatus,
(re-issue) E J FraBer...292
Center Pieces, (5 Designs)
SWKeilett 84
Chafing Iron for Vehicles.
G Smith 228
Chain Propellor, D O
Johnson... 124
Chimney Gnard. R Prise-
mai 68
Chuck, W F Toothaker. ..28
Olamp Apparatus for con-
necting Street Cars etc
with Endless Travelling
DeviceB, W Eppleshe int-
er 228
OlothCB Sprinkler, W Al-
aon 209
Coal Oil Stove, B R
Sweetland 124
Coal Screen, M R Rob-
erts 52
Cocoa Nut Preparations,
(trade mark) California
Cocoa Nut Pulverizing
Oo 12
Cocoa Nut, Process of
Preparing A P Aih-
bourne 405
Compound for Prevent-
ing Boiler Scales, J H
Pitts 172
Cultivator, A B Oolv«r...308
Cutter Holder for Metal
Lathes, J R Mitchell . . .405
Cutting Attachment for
Sewing Machines, MA
Graham 124
I>eraijohn Case, C New-
man 244, 288
•Demijohn, Elastic, O
Newman 108, 124
Distributor for Feeding
Belts of Threshing Ma-
chines, B JackBon, .357,416,
Ditching Machine, W B
Hyde .'. 124
Drier for Refined Sugar,
AFW Partz 156
Drill, G Atkinson 124,
153, 345
Earh Auger, E Whit,
ney ; 209
Angina, Rotary RD Milne
106
Engine, Steam WWilcox.140
Endless Wire Way. A S
Hallidie 340
Explosive Compounds [2]
P Castellano 128
Eyeleting Machine, J
Ooombe 156, 224
Fastening for Meeting
Rails of Sashes, O J
Snow 1J4
Fastening for Pockets, D
Neuatadter 308
Faucet, Wm BusBey..84, 224
Feeder for Threshers. B
Jackson 357, 416
Fertil zing Compound, O
H Hoffmann 172.184
Fire Alarm Register,
rhelps k Edmunds 260
Fire Escape, F PBemey.428
Flume Battery, D F
Hawkes 405
Fluting and Had Iron, O
RRand 124
Flux for Ores, P N Mao-
Kay 156.184
Fruit Drier, L A Gould
209, 369
•Fruit Drier, W 8 Plum-
mer 44,129
Fruit Drier.J O Waters. 188
•Fruit Jar, P Darohe. .244
305
Fuel, Apparatus for Sa-
ving W LPowelson ..108
•Furnaoe, (Quicksilver J
M Cutler 945
Furnace, Quioksllver O
1 ALuckhardt 149
Fnrnace.Smoke Consum-
ing W L Powelson 156
Oai:p Cutter and Oorder.
G Vincent 2(f0, 3»
Gas Burner for Heating,
A Ehret 292
Gas Generating Appara-
tus, Rawlings k Irelan 124
Gas Meter,; J Radston
182,340
GaB Machine, JCHender-
son 198, 256
Globular Forms, Maohine
for Tm-irnc A J Kane. 131
Grain Header. D T Gil-
li8 23
Grain Lifter, D Crane.... 209
Grain Separator, J H
Locke 171
Grain Separator. T J
Hubbel 124
Grai n Separator, E J
Knapp 308,334
Grain Separator, M
0"Brien 224,320
Gridiron. J H Mitchell... 84
Guide Attachment for
Sewing Machine Pres-
sor Feet. U Vincent 260
•Gear Cutter, J A Peer. . .409
•Harrow, FDooohue.... 33
Harrow, DT Gi His 28
Hny and Grain Elevator,
T Powell 308
Hay Press, J Dugan 2y2
Hay Press. J Wiley 44
Hinge, Reversible, U Hal-
sey IBS
Hoof Trimmer, Shirran
k Givens 196
Horse Shoes, Maohine for
Bending, A Barton 469
Hydraulic Elevator, (re-
issue) T Stebins 388
Hydraulio Engine, WL
Smith 244
Hydraulio Jack, E M
Dudgeon ..,.292
Hydrant, Non Freezing
HJ Chapman ...209
Hydraulio Elevator, P
Hinkle 428
Ice Machine, W Hood.. 209
Ioe Machine, S Martin.. .108
Ice Machine, Martin k
Beath 292
Joint for Sheet Metal
Pipes. J Moore 124
•Lap Board, B Straw-
bridge 33
Latch, HRogers 28
Leather, Machine for Ta-
pering Settle k Settle.. 84
Lite Ointment, (trade
mark) W Ostrander k
Co 276
Lock Mortising Maohine,
C J Hardee 428
M ail Bag Fastening, J
O Franklin 340
Machine for Removing
Broken Drills from
Holes, J W Piatt 173
Mechanical Calculator,
H B Martin 64
Medicine, (trade mark)
H A Benjamin 108
Medicine, (trade mark)
J HRuttley 340
Medicine, (trade mark)
Yerba Buena Bitters
Co 373
Metal lurgical Furnaoe,
J Feix 209
Mortising Tool, G Erhn.. 84
Music Leaf Turner, G L
Dimpfel 198
Newspaper File. F B Al-
der-on 340
Nitro-Sulpburio Aoid for
Making Nitro-Glycer-
lne, P Castellanos 428
Oarlock-Folding Thorn-
ton k vice 357
Ore Concentrator, Moore
AOampfield 108
Pack.
•Ore Concentrator, J Vin-
cent Sll
Ore Crusher, D Trum-
bull, ,Tr 260,304
Ors Feeder. J Tullook...209
Overalls, Cheang Qnong
Wo 12, 124
Overalls, S R Krouse 3i0
fantaloons, (re-issue) J
W Davis 228
Parasol an i Whip Com-
bined, J Perrina 228
Pavement, L Dutertre....S57
Pavement, P Zadig 103
Photographic Plate Hold-
er, Taber k Boyd ... 84, 393
•Pinion for Watches, Re-
versible J Gordon 209, 393
Plow, Gang O Myers 52
Plow, Oan; Howes, Dorr
k WebBter 159
Plow, Rotary W H Fove. 52
Potato Digger, J J Mo-
Kinnon 325,416
Preserving Apparatus, J
P Schmitz IBS
Printer's Galley, U H Mo-
Williams 389
"Propellor, J F LoftUB
172, 164.216
Plow, Steam D Beau-
mont 319
Pump, Goodwin A West. 52
Pump, Steam W C Wil-
eox 161
Quicksilver Saving Ma-
chine, J W Varney 39S
■Quicksilver Strainer, H
HOakes 145
Railway Car for Single
Rail Railways. O Mc-
Wayne 3*r
Railroad Signal, J Gor-
don 308.34t
Reel for Harvesters, F
Wyman 308. 399
Refining Bullion, F H
Bousfield 340.377
Riddle lor Separators, N
MBrown 153
Road Engine, R R Doan. 84
Road Scraper, McCall,
Watki us A Scott 909
Roasting Apparatus, L
Dutcrtre 157
Rope Traction Railway.
AS Hallidie 405
Saddle Tree.P H Horton
172. 105
Safety Pin, L E Andrews. 28
•Sash Balance, J J Price.
373, 393
Saw Set, R J Granville. .292
Saw Mill Circular, F M
Oovell 292, 393
Salmon [trade mark] J
Quinn 428
Scuttle Elevator, F A
Smith 370
Sewing Maohine, H P
Garland 108
Seam Fastening, Davis k
Strauss 108
Sewing Machine, H P Gar-
land 198
Sheep Scratch Box, JB
Dillon 109
Sheep Wash (trademark)
Rcdington, Hosl-ctter A
Co....!..... 269
Shoe Fastening, T Tuck-
er 149
Shoe k Gaiter, G Bryant. U4
Shoe for Wagon Brakes,
J Grimste 388
Sight for Fire Arms, T
Dunstone 63, 159
Blato Washer, Lyman A
Boell 124
Slow Match for Lighting
Fuses, ASWall 40*
Sofa Bedstead, J K Un-
derbill 13*
Spirits, Distilling R O
Brooks 18
Spring Bed Bottom, Den-
nen k Newhouse 140
Spring Trace Carrier and
Backloop. W Uavlg 389
Steam Boiler, (re-Issue)
H WRice 340
Stream Generator, S B
Mathewson 260, 368
Stench Trap, J PSchwarz 52
Stone Cutter. L Dutertre 98
Stud Fastening, S Zacha-
riaa 209,389
Straw Feeding Attacn-
ment for Threshers, (re-
issue) DMorey 349
Sugar Cube. (re-iflBUe) A
F WParlz 52
Sugar in Blocks, (re-is*
sue) AFW Partz. 53
Target. C Buckner 308
Tap and Faucet, A O
Springer 308,14*
Tea, (trade mark) R Cun-
ningham 12*
Tea. (trade mark) Wil-
liams, Blanchard k Co. 134
Tea. (trade mark re-issue)
Williams, Blanchard k
Co 173
Telegraph Sounder, DP
Leahy 188
Ticket Clasp. M Desney.168
Tire Upsetter, Q O Tebbs
12, 224
Tobacco, Curing, BR Ma-
thewson 12*
Tobacco, (trade mark)
Gilroy Tobacco Co 124
Tobacco Package, J J>
Oulp 308
Tool for Turning Metal,
0 Cnmmings 224,305
Track Cleaner for Har-
vesters, (re-Issue) O Da
Bois 5
Traction Engine, W H
Milliken 388
Train Telegraph, A N
Towne 371
Tule Bottle Oover, E K
Oooley 40
Type Case, L A Martin. ..393
Val'e, Rotary Reversing
J OHStut 289
Valve. Vacuum Relief P
Hinkle 244,416
Velocipede, W Knigbt. ..140
Ventilating Mines, L J
Henry 349
Wagon Brake Block, G
GBnckland 357
Wagon Brake Block, W
Hendricks 244,353
Wagon Brake, John Gri-
dcr 184
Wagon Brake, R J Knapp
172, 224
WagonJack.WH Horn. 325
Wagon Brake, J O Trul-
linger 428
WotcheB(3) (trade mark)
J W Tucker 168 35T
Watches, (trade mark) J
W Tucker 405
Water Elevator, O A Da-
rii 209, 308
Water Gage for Boilers,
O O Redmond 38
Water Meter, NWKnowl-
ton 124,153
Water Valve,(2)A Chabotf73
•Water Wheel. S W
Knight ....63, HI
Water Wheel and Hy-
draulic Governor, FO
Hesse 24*
Wave Power Machine, C
Buckcer, Jr 37»
Whiskey, (trade mark) __
Lillentbal AOo 337
Windmill. W O Nelson. . . 1*
Windmill. A H South-
wick 228, 359
Wrench. Dynamic B Ply- „
male «3B
»