背景
随着 AI 技术的发展，大模型已经潜移默化地影响着我们的生活。商业 LLM 始终因为收费、黑盒、数据安全等原因，跟用户之间仿佛隔着一道天堑。越来越多的大模型选择了开源，让用户能够更加方便且放心的去使用自己的大模型。
Ollma 是一个简化大模型部署和运行的工具，一方面通过提供类 Docker 的使用方式，运行一个大模型实例就和启动一个容器一样简单，另一方面，通过提供 OpenAI 兼容的 API，磨平大模型之间的使用差异。
为了避免使用 “人工智障”，我们会选择尽量大规模参数的模型，但众所周知，模型参数越大，虽然拥有更出色的表现。但也具有更大的体积，比如 Llama 3.1 70B 模型大小为 40GB。
在当下，一个和业务功能强相关的大文件管理是一件很头疼的事情。一般无非两个方案，一个是模型制品化，另一个是共享存储。
- 模型制品化：将大模型本身打入制品交付物中，无论是 Docker 镜像还是 OS 快照，力求通过 IaaS 或者 PaaS 的能力完成大模型的版本管理和分发；
- 共享存储：共享存储的思路就比较简单，直接将大模型放在一个共享文件系统中，按需拉取。
模型制品化更像是热启动，通过复用平台层制品分发的能力，在实例就绪时，大模型就已经在本地了，但其瓶颈在于大文件的分发，软件工程发展到现在的阶段，大制品的分发手段依然有限。
共享存储更像冷启动，在实例启动时，虽然可以看到远端的模型文件，但需要远端加载运行。虽然共享存储是一个很符合直觉的方式，但十分考验共享存储，搞不好共享存储本身就是整个加载阶段的瓶颈。
但是，如果一个共享存储本身也支持数据预热、分布式缓存等热启动手段，那情况就另说了，而 JuiceFS 就是这么一个项目。
本文将通过一个 Demo，介绍 JuiceFS 共享存储的部分，基于 JuiceFS 提供的分布式文件系统的能力，使得 Ollama 模型文件，一次拉取，到处运行。
一次拉取
本文以 Linux 机器为例，演示如何拉取模型。
准备 JuiceFS 文件系统
Ollama 默认会将模型数据放在 /root/.ollama 下，所以这里将 JuiceFS 挂载在 /root/.ollama 下：
$ juicefs mount weiwei /root/.ollama --subdir=ollama
这样 Ollama 拉取的模型数据就会放在 JuiceFS 的文件系统中了。
拉取模型
安装 Ollama：
curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh
拉取模型，这里以 llama 3.1 8B 举例：
$ ollama pull llama3.1
pulling manifest
pulling 8eeb52dfb3bb... 100% ▕█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████▏ 4.7 GB
pulling 11ce4ee3e170... 100% ▕█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████▏ 1.7 KB
pulling 0ba8f0e314b4... 100% ▕█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████▏ 12 KB
pulling 56bb8bd477a5... 100% ▕█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████▏ 96 B
pulling 1a4c3c319823... 100% ▕█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████▏ 485 B
verifying sha256 digest
writing manifest
removing any unused layers
success
Ollama 允许用户用 Modelfile 创建自己的模型，写法与 Dockerfile 类型。这里以 llama 3.1 为基础，设置系统 prompt：
$ cat <<EOF > Modelfile
> FROM llama3.1
# set the temperature to 1 [higher is more creative, lower is more coherent]
PARAMETER temperature 1
# set the system message
SYSTEM """
You are a literary writer named Rora. Please help me polish my writing.
"""
> EOF
$
$ ollama create writer -f ./Modelfile
transferring model data
using existing layer sha256:8eeb52dfb3bb9aefdf9d1ef24b3bdbcfbe82238798c4b918278320b6fcef18fe
using existing layer sha256:11ce4ee3e170f6adebac9a991c22e22ab3f8530e154ee669954c4bc73061c258
using existing layer sha256:0ba8f0e314b4264dfd19df045cde9d4c394a52474bf92ed6a3de22a4ca31a177
creating new layer sha256:1dfe258ba02ecec9bf76292743b48c2ce90aefe288c9564c92d135332df6e514
creating new layer sha256:7fa4d1c192726882c2c46a2ffd5af3caddd99e96404e81b3cf2a41de36e25991
creating new layer sha256:ddb2d799341563f3da053b0da259d18d8b00b2f8c5951e7c5e192f9ead7d97ad
writing manifest
success
查看模型列表：
$ ollama list
NAME ID SIZE MODIFIED
writer:latest 346a60dbd7d4 4.7 GB 17 minutes ago
llama3.1:latest 91ab477bec9d 4.7 GB 4 hours ago
到处运行
现在 JuiceFS 文件系统中就已经包含了用 Ollama 拉取的大模型了，所以在其他地方只要挂载上 JuiceFS，就可以直接运行了。本文分别演示在 Linux、Mac、Kubernetes 中用 Ollama 运行大模型。
Linux
在已经挂载了 JuiceFS 的机器上可以直接运行：
$ ollama run writer
>>> The flower is beautiful
A lovely start, but let's see if we can't coax out a bit more poetry from your words. How about this:
"The flower unfolded its petals like a gentle whisper, its beauty an unassuming serenade that drew the eye and stirred the soul."
Or, perhaps a slightly more concise version:
"In the flower's delicate face, I find a beauty that soothes the senses and whispers secrets to the heart."
Your turn! What inspired you to write about the flower?
Mac
挂载 JuiceFS：
weiwei@hdls-mbp ~ juicefs mount weiwei .llama --subdir=ollama
.OK, weiwei is ready at /Users/weiwei/.llama.
点击链接安装：https://ollama.com/download/Ollama-darwin.zip
这里需要注意的是，刚才拉取模型时，是以 root 存储的，所以在 Mac 上需要切换到 root 才能运行 ollama。
如果使用手动创建的 writer 模型，有个问题，新建的模型的 layer 写入的时候权限是 600，只有手动将其设置为 644 才可以在 Mac 上运行。这是 Ollama 的一个 bug，笔者已经向 Ollama 提了 PR，并且已经合并。但截止目前还没有发布新版本。临时解决方法如下：
hdls-mbp:~ root# cd /Users/weiwei/.ollama/models/blobs
hdls-mbp:blobs root# ls -alh . | grep rw-------
-rw------- 1 root wheel 14B 8 15 23:04 sha256-804a1f079a1166190d674bcfb0fa42270ec57a4413346d20c5eb22b26762d132
-rw------- 1 root wheel 559B 8 15 23:04 sha256-db7eed3b8121ac22a30870611ade28097c62918b8a4765d15e6170ec8608e507
hdls-mbp:blobs root#
hdls-mbp:blobs root# chmod 644 sha256-804a1f079a1166190d674bcfb0fa42270ec57a4413346d20c5eb22b26762d132 sha256-db7eed3b8121ac22a30870611ade28097c62918b8a4765d15e6170ec8608e507
hdls-mbp:blobs root#
hdls-mbp:blobs root#
hdls-mbp:blobs root#
hdls-mbp:blobs root# ollama list
NAME ID SIZE MODIFIED
writer:latest 346a60dbd7d4 4.7 GB About an hour ago
llama3.1:latest 91ab477bec9d 4.7 GB 4 hours ago
运行 writer 模型，并让其帮我们润色文字：
hdls-mbp:weiwei root# ollama run writer
>>> The tree is very tall
A great start, but let's see if we can make it even more vivid and engaging.
Here's a revised version:
"The tree stood sentinel, its towering presence stretching towards the sky like a verdant giant, its branches dancing
in the breeze with an elegance that seemed almost otherworldly."
Or, if you'd prefer something simpler yet still evocative, how about this:
"The tree loomed tall and green, its trunk sturdy as a stone pillar, its leaves a soft susurrus of sound in the gentle
wind."
Which one resonates with you? Or do you have any specific ideas or feelings you want to convey through your writing
that I can help shape into a compelling phrase?
Kubernetes
JuiceFS 提供了 CSI Driver，使得用户可以在 Kubernetes 中直接使用 PV，支持静态配置和动态配置。由于我们是直接使用文件系统里已有的文件，所以这里使用静态配置。
准备 PVC 和 PV：
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: ollama-vol
labels:
juicefs-name: ollama-vol
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Pi
volumeMode: Filesystem
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
csi:
driver: csi.juicefs.com
volumeHandle: ollama-vol
fsType: juicefs
nodePublishSecretRef:
name: ollama-vol
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: ollama-vol
namespace: default
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
volumeMode: Filesystem
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
juicefs-name: ollama-vol
部署 Ollama：
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: ollama
labels:
app: ollama
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: ollama
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: ollama
spec:
containers:
- image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/hdls/ollama:0.3.5
env:
- name: OLLAMA_HOST
value: "0.0.0.0"
ports:
- name: ollama
containerPort: 11434
args:
- "serve"
name: ollama
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /root/.ollama
name: shared-data
subPath: ollama
volumes:
- name: shared-data
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: ollama-vol
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ollama-svc
spec:
selector:
app: ollama
ports:
- name: http
protocol: TCP
port: 11434
targetPort: 11434
由于 Ollama deployment 部署了一个 Ollama server，可以用 api 的方式访问：
$ curl http://192.168.203.37:11434/api/generate -d '{
"model": "writer",
"prompt": "The sky is blue",
"stream": false
}'
{"model":"writer","created_at":"2024-08-15T14:35:43.593740142Z","response":"A starting point, at least! Let's see... How about we add some depth to this sentence? Here are a few suggestions:\n\n* Instead of simply stating that the sky is blue, why not describe how it makes you feel? For example: \"As I stepped outside, the cerulean sky seemed to stretch out before me like an endless canvas, its vibrant hue lifting my spirits and washing away the weight of the world.\"\n* Or, we could add some sensory details to bring the scene to life. Here's an example: \"The morning sun had just risen over the horizon, casting a warm glow across the blue sky that seemed to pulse with a gentle light – a softness that soothed my skin and lulled me into its tranquil rhythm.\"\n* If you're going for something more poetic, we could try to tap into the symbolic meaning of the sky's color. For example: \"The blue sky above was like an open door, inviting me to step through and confront the dreams I'd been too afraid to chase – a reminder that the possibilities are endless, as long as we have the courage to reach for them.\"\n\nWhich direction would you like to take this?","done":true,"done_reason":"stop","context":[128006,9125,128007,1432,2675,527,264,32465,7061,7086,432,6347,13,5321,1520,757,45129,856,4477,627,128009,128006,882,128007,271,791,13180,374,6437,128009,128006,78191,128007,271,32,6041,1486,11,520,3325,0,6914,596,1518,1131,2650,922,584,923,1063,8149,311,420,11914,30,5810,527,264,2478,18726,1473,9,12361,315,5042,28898,430,279,13180,374,6437,11,3249,539,7664,1268,433,3727,499,2733,30,1789,3187,25,330,2170,358,25319,4994,11,279,10362,1130,276,13180,9508,311,14841,704,1603,757,1093,459,26762,10247,11,1202,34076,40140,33510,856,31739,323,28786,3201,279,4785,315,279,1917,10246,9,2582,11,584,1436,923,1063,49069,3649,311,4546,279,6237,311,2324,13,5810,596,459,3187,25,330,791,6693,7160,1047,1120,41482,927,279,35174,11,25146,264,8369,37066,4028,279,6437,13180,430,9508,311,28334,449,264,22443,3177,1389,264,8579,2136,430,779,8942,291,856,6930,323,69163,839,757,1139,1202,68040,37390,10246,9,1442,499,2351,2133,369,2555,810,76534,11,584,1436,1456,311,15596,1139,279,36396,7438,315,279,13180,596,1933,13,1789,3187,25,330,791,6437,13180,3485,574,1093,459,1825,6134,11,42292,757,311,3094,1555,323,17302,279,19226,358,4265,1027,2288,16984,311,33586,1389,264,27626,430,279,24525,527,26762,11,439,1317,439,584,617,279,25775,311,5662,369,1124,2266,23956,5216,1053,499,1093,311,1935,420,30],"total_duration":13635238079,"load_duration":39933548,"prompt_eval_count":35,"prompt_eval_duration":55817000,"eval_count":240,"eval_duration":13538816000}
总结
Ollama 是一款简化了本地运行大模型的工具，将大模型拉取到本地，再使用简单的命令即可在本地运行自己的大模型。JuiceFS 可以充当大模型 Registry 的底层存储，由于其分布式的特征，使得用户可以在某处拉取一次模型后，在其他地方即可直接使用，从而实现了一次拉取，到处运行。
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