Histological characterization of in vitro adventitious organogenesis in Citrus sinensis

W. A. B. de Almeida, F. de A. A. Mourao Filho, B. M. J. Mendes, A. P. M. Rodriguez

Biologia plantarum 50:321-325, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0044-y  

The adventitious bud development was induced in epicotyl segments of Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Seeds were cultured in vitro for three weeks in the dark, followed by one week at a 16-h photoperiod. Epicotyl segments were cultured horizontally for the induction of organogenesis in Murashige and Tucker (1969, MT) culture medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm^-3 benzylaminopurine. Samples were observed by light and scanning electron microscopy from day zero to day 25, when buds were well grown. It was shown that the adventitious buds originated directly from the cambial region on the cut ends of the explants.

Efficient regeneration system from wheat leaf base segments

K. Haliloglu

Biologia plantarum 50:326-330, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0045-x  

Efficient plant regeneration system from leaf base segments of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed. The factors affecting the callus formation and regeneration capacity of leaf segments of two genotypes; Bobwhite and Pavon 76, were investigated. The highest number of somatic embryos (SE) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg dm^-3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 1 mg dm^-3 naphthalenacetic acid (14.7 SE per segment). Highest frequency of embryogenic callus (96 %) and somatic embryo formation (24.3 SE per segment) were achieved in the first segments. The highest plantlet regeneration was...

In vitro analysis of susceptibility to Agrobacterium rhizogenes in 65 species of Mexican cacti

M.C. González-Díaz, M.E. Pérez-Reyes, E. Pérez-Molphe-Balch

Biologia plantarum 50:331-337, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0077-2  

Susceptibility of Mexican cacti to Agrobacterium rhizogenes was evaluated in 65 species of 22 genera. Stem discs taken from in vitro cultured plants were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 agropine-type strain that contains the wild RiA4 plasmid and the binary vector pESC4 with the nptII and gus genes. Hairy roots were produced directly from wounds, or starting from calli generated on the wounded surface, in 34 of the evaluated species. The frequency of hairy roots formation, the number of roots per explant and its growth rates were variable among the tested species. In the 31 remaining species the production...

In vitro micropropagation and long-term conservation of the endangered moss Splachnum ampullaceum

M. L. González, R. Mallón, J. Reinoso, J. Rodríguez-Oubiña

Biologia plantarum 50:339-345, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0047-8  

Protonema explants of Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw. were grown in vitro on 10 different mineral media with different sources and contents of nitrogen, in each case with or without added sucrose (30 g dm^-3) and/or B5 vitamins. The cultures were maintained at day/night temperatures 24 ± 4/20 ± 2 °C and a 16-h photoperiod (irradiance of 25 μmol m^-2 s^-1). Sucrose had little or no effect on protonema diameter and bud number in nitrate-only media or in high-ammonium media but markedly reduced bud number in low-ammonium media. Sucrose markedly reduced one-year explant survival rate in the low-ammonium...

Effects of storage temperature and sucrose on bulblet growth, starch and protein contents in in vitro cultures of Hyacinthus orientalis

C. H. Chung, Y. M. Chung, S. J. Yang, E. K. Ko, S. J. Jeong, J. S. Nam, G. T. Kim, Y. B. Yi

Biologia plantarum 50:346-351, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0048-7  

The scale segments of the bulblets of Hyacinthus orientalis L. cv. Anna Marie were examined to improve their growth and development with cold-pretreatment and sucrose. The cold-pretreated (4 °C for 4 months) segments showed higher growth and better development of the bulblets on medium without sucrose than ones stored at 20 °C. A rapid decrease in starch content of bulb pieces was found during the first 2 weeks in all cultures and thereafter the content decreased gradually. A scanning electron microscopic observation during the bulblet growth and development showed a gradual decreasing trend of the starch granules from 2 to 16 weeks of the cultures....

Promoterless gus gene shows leaky β-glucuronidase activity during transformation of tomato with bspA gene for drought tolerance

R. Roy, R. S. Purty, V. Agrawal, S. C. Gupta

Biologia plantarum 50:352-358, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0049-6  

Transformation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was carried out using disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105 harboring a binary vector pBIG-HYG-bspA. The plasmid contains the bspA (boiling stable protein of aspen) gene under the control of a CaMV35S promoter and nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator, hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) driven by nopaline synthase promoter and polyadenylation signal of Agrobacterium gene7 as terminator and a promoterless gus gene. Very strong β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression was observed in transformed tomato plants but never in non-transformed...

Molecular cloning and expression analyses of a new gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase from Taxus × media

G. Kai, Z. Miao, L. Zhang, D. Zhao, Z. Liao, X. Sun, L. Zhao, K. Tang

Biologia plantarum 50:359-366, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0050-0  

A new full-length cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (designated as TmHMGS, GenBank Accession No. AY644708), which catalyses the condensation of acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA as an early step in the taxol biosynthetic pathway, was isolated from young leaves of Taxus × media by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first time. The full-length cDNA of TmHMGS contained a 1431 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a deduced protein of 476 amino acid residues. The deduced protein had an isoelectric point of 5.23 and a calculated molecular mass of about 53 kDa. Amino...

Estimation of genetic diversity in varieties of Mucuna pruriens using RAPD

P. Padmesh, J. V. Reji, M. Jinish Dhar, S. Seeni

Biologia plantarum 50:367-372, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0051-z  

Genetic diversity was estimated in 13 accessions of the otherwise self pollinated Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (velvetbean) comprising varieties pruriens and utilis collected from tropical humid forest using 15 RAPD primers. Similarity index value of 0.68 based on Nei and Li's similarity coefficient indicated high degree of genetic variability. Analysis of various genetic diversity indices like total heterozygosity, Nei's gene diversity, percentage of polymorphic loci, expected and observed number of alleles and Shannon index strongly suggests that variety pruriens is genetically more diverse than variety utilis. Chemical...

Contrasting foliar responses to drought in Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia

R. Ogaya, J. Penuelas

Biologia plantarum 50:373-382, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0052-y  

Leaf morphology, longevity, and demography were examined in Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia growing in a holm oak forest in Prades mountains (northeast Spain). Four plots (10 × 15 m) of this forest were submitted to an experimental drought during three years (soil moisture was reduced about 15 %). Leaf area, thickness and leaf mass per area ratio (LMA) were measured in sun and shade leaves of both species. Leaf longevity, the mean number of current-year shoots produced per previous-year shoot (Sn/Sn-1), the mean number of current-year leaves per previous-year shoot (Ln/Sn-1), and the percentage of previous-year shoots that developed...

Differential antioxidant responses in catalase-deficient maize mutants exposed to norflurazon

S. Jung, S. U. Chon, Y. I. Kuk

Biologia plantarum 50:383-388, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0053-x  

Maize catalase (CAT) mutants lacking in CAT isozymes were used to investigate the response of CAT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to norflurazon (NF) caused oxidative stress in 18-d post-pollination scutella. NF treatment caused an increase in malonyldialdehyde content, which is an indicator of oxidative stress, and a decrease in a content of photoprotectant carotenoids in the scutella. CAT activity decreased greatly with increasing NF concentration in standard maize line (W64A) and CAT-2 null mutant (WA10C), however, it remained relatively constant in CAT-2/CAT-3 double null mutant (WDN10). Cat1 transcript increased in the NF-treated scutella...

Comparison of resistance to drought of three bean cultivars

Z. S. Zlatev, F. C. Lidon, J. C. Ramalho, I. T. Yordanov

Biologia plantarum 50:389-394, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0054-9  

The aim of the present work was to evaluate oxidative stress and plant antioxidant system of three contrasting bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in the response to drought. Drought was imposed 14 d after emergence, by withholding water, until leaf relative water content reached 65 %. Water stress increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), membrane injury index, H₂O₂ and OH^⋅ production in leaves of stressed plants. Activities of the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) increased significantly under water stress in all the studied cultivars, while catalase (CAT) increased...

Antioxidant enzyme induction in pea plants under high irradiance

J. A. Hernandez, C. Escobar, G. Creissen, P. M. Mullineaux

Biologia plantarum 50:395-399, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0055-8  

Exposure of pea plants to high irradiance (HI) for 60 min caused a reversible photoinhibition as shown by changes in variable to maximum fluorescence ratio (F_v/F_m). A significant decline in F_m was observed in leaves from both pea cultivars subjected to HI, the decrease being higher in JI281 than in JI399 plants. The values recovered during the post-stress period in both cultivars. In both cultivars, minimal fluorescence (F₀) increased under HI, but in cultivar JI399 F₀ recovered to initial value during the post-stress period. The expression of antioxidant enzyme genes was higher in JI399 than in...

Antioxidant enzymes as biochemical markers for sharka resistance in apricot

J. A. Hernandez, J. Cano, B. Portillo, M. Rubio, P. Martinez-Gomez

Biologia plantarum 50:400-404, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0056-7  

The activity of antioxidant enzymes in different apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars, resistant or susceptible to Plum pox virus (PPV), was analyzed during the years 2002 and 2003. Resistant cultivars showed higher activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) than susceptible cultivars. Only CuZn-SOD isozymes were detected in the apricot cultivars. However, no correlation was observed between this isozyme pattern and the resistance to PPV. On the other hand, PPV-resistant apricot cultivars could have a greater capability for elimination of H₂O₂ and recycling of ascorbate-glutathione...

Waterlogging effect on xylem sap glutamine of nodulated soybean

L. Amarante, L. Sodek

Biologia plantarum 50:405-410, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0057-6  

Waterlogging of soybean plants (Glycine max L.) led to impaired symbiotic N₂ fixation and a marked decline in glutamine (Gln) concentration in xylem bleeding sap. Xylem Gln concentration increased during the growth cycle of the plant and was correlated with nodule formation. Treatments known to impair N₂ fixation, such as exposing the root system to pure N₂ gas or a mixture of Ar and O₂ (80:20; v/v), led to specific declines in xylem sap Gln. The decrease in Gln observed during waterlogging was also seen on transfer of nodulated plants to aerated hydroponics, where the decline was highly correlated...

Effects of ion channel inhibitors on cold- and electrically-induced action potentials in Dionaea muscipula

E. Krol, H. Dziubinska, M. Stolarz, K. Trebacz

Biologia plantarum 50:411-416, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0058-5  

Glass microelectrodes were inserted into Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap) lobes and the action potentials (APs) were recorded in response to a sudden temperature drop or a direct current (DC) application. The effect of potassium channel inhibitor, tetraethylammonium ion, was the lengthening of the depolarization phase of AP. APs were also affected by the anion channel inhibitor, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, that made them slower and smaller. Neomycin, which disturbs inositol triphosphate-dependent Ca²⁺ release, caused the visible inhibition of AP, too. Ruthenium red, which blocks cyclic ADP-ribose-dependent Ca²⁺ release,...

Book Review

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 50:480, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0076-3  

Regeneration via organogenesis in callus cultures of Argyrolobium roseum

P. K. Khanna, A. Ahuja, M. Sharada, G. Ram, K. Koul, M. K. Kaul

Biologia plantarum 50:417-420, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0059-4  

A reproducible protocol has been developed for high frequency plant regeneration from immature embryos of Argyrolobium roseum Jaub & Spach, an important medicinal legume. Green nodular calli were initiated from immature embryos excised from 10-d-old pods in 70 % of cultures within 3 weeks when grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm^-3 benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.25 mg dm^-3 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Subsequent transfer of 5 mm² callus pieces to MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg dm^-3) alone or in combination with IAA (0.25 mg dm^-3) facilitated regeneration...

Variability for the in vitro culture response in tomato recombinant inbred lines

G. R. Pratta, R. Zorzoli, L. A. Picardi, E. M. Valle

Biologia plantarum 50:421-424, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0060-y  

The aim of this work was to estimate genetic variability for in vitro culture response of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the genus Lycopersicon. The callus percentage (C), the regeneration percentage (R) and the productivity rate (PR) were evaluated 45 d after culture initiation in a set of 16 elite tomato RILs and their parents. The narrow sense heritability (h²) values were 0.38 ± 0.04 for C, 0.46 ± 0.04 for R, and 0.28 ± 0.03 for R, while the genetic correlation (r _g ) values were -0.96 ± 0.07 between C and R, 0.81 ± 0.14 between PR and R, and -0.79 ±...

Influence of CCC, putrescine and gellam gum concentration on gynogenic embryo induction in Allium cepa

M. Ponce, L. Martinez, C. Galmarini

Biologia plantarum 50:425-428, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0061-x  

The induction of haploid plants by in vitro gynogenesis is a promising practice in onion breeding. In order to increase the frequency of embryo regeneration and haploid plant production in Valcatorce INTA, Cobriza INTA and Navidena INTA cultivars, putrescine and CCC were used, either as a component of the culture media or by spraying or injecting them to the umbels. Additionally, two concentration of gellam gum were tested. A higher number of gynogenic embryos was achieved by using 7 g dm^-3 gellam gum, and this number was not affected by the addition of putrescine to the media. CCC sprayed at the umbels significantly increased the...

Effects of short light-dark regimes on in vitro shoot rooting of some fruit tree rootstocks

S. Morini, S. Perrone

Biologia plantarum 50:429-432, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0062-9  

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of 4/2 light-dark cycles (4 h of light followed by 2 h of dark) on the rooting responses of shoots cultivated in vitro of the fruit tree rootstocks GF 677 (peach × almond hybrid), Mr.S. 2/5 (Prunus cerasifera), MM 106 (apple Nothern Spy × Paradise M1) and BA 29 (Cydonia oblonga). Under this light regime rooting percentage of GF 677, Mr.S. 2/5 and MM 106 shoots reached 100 % as in the control treatment (16/8), while in BA 29 shoots, short light-dark cycles increased rooting response by about 65 %. Moreover, the shoots of all rootstocks submitted to the 4/2 cycle showed an appreciable...

Propagation of Ficus carica L. clones by in vitro culture

S. Hepaksoy, U. Aksoy

Biologia plantarum 50:433-436, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0063-8  

This experiment is designed to determine the most suitable conditions and media for propagating three selected fig (Ficus carica L.) clones through tissue culture. The clone 37 displayed a higher performance than clones 50 and 82. As the multiplication medium, the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg dm^-3 α-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1 mg dm^-3 gibberellic acid and 5 mg dm^-3 6-benzyladenine were the best, whereas, MS medium complemented with 1.2 and 2.5 μM IBA or 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were better in respect to rooting. Peat followed by volcanic tuff gave the best performance for...

Thidiazuron induced high frequency axillary shoot multiplication in Psoralea corylifolia

M. Faisal, M. Anis

Biologia plantarum 50:437-440, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0064-7  

The effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) was studied on in vitro axillary shoot proliferation from nodal explant of Psoralea corylifolia - an endangered medicinal plant. Proliferation of shoots was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μM TDZ. The maximum number (13.6 ± 1.4) of shoots per explant were obtained from nodal segment cultured on 2 μM TDZ for 4 weeks and this increased to 29.7 ± 2.1 on hormone free MS medium after 8 weeks. The in vitro proliferated and elongated shoots were transferred individually on a root induction medium containing 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric...

In vitro micropropagation of Ruscus aculeatus

E. Moyano, M. Montero, M. Bonfill, R. M. Cusido, J. Palazon, M. T. Pinol

Biologia plantarum 50:441-443, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0065-6  

We have developed three protocols for the rapid micropropagation of Ruscus aculeatus. The primary explants utilised were immature embryos, aerial buds excised from rhizomes and shoot buds regenerated from organogenic calli. In order to increase the plant regeneration from the primary explants, we used organogenic calli from cladode, stem and rhizome segments. We tested more than 20 culture media for callus induction and shoot regeneration and the best results were obtained when rhizome segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm^-3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg dm^-3 kinetin.

Anion effects on the structural organization of spinach thylakoid membranes

A. Jajoo, A. Kawamori

Biologia plantarum 50:444-446, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0066-5  

Changes in the conformation of spinach thylakoid membranes were monitored in 5-doxyl stearic acid (SAL)-treated thylakoid membranes in the presence of various anions (Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, NO₂^-, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-). The presence of anions made the thylakoid membrane more fluid. The extent of change in membrane fluidity differed with different anion and was reversible.

Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding translationally controlled tumor protein from strawberry fruits

A. P. Lopez, A. R. Franco

Biologia plantarum 50:447-449, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0067-4  

A cDNA encoding a putative translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was isolated from a cDNA library made with mRNA isolated from red ripe strawberry fruits. This protein is highly conserved in all species analyzed. Expression of strawberry TCTP increased along the ripening of strawberry fruits, and is constitutively expressed in vegetative tissues. The putative function of this protein remains still unknown

Variation in seed protein and isoenzyme patterns in Cucurbita cultivars

T. Stoilova, N. Cholakova, M. Markova

Biologia plantarum 50:450-452, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0068-3  

The genetic variability in the seed proteins and the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in representative species of the genus Cucurbita was studied. The banding patterns were obtained by means of vertical block electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. A specific protein components and ADH isoenzymes were established in the polymorphic banding patterns which can be applied individually or in combination as potential biochemical markers for breeding purposes.

Effect of jasmonic acid on in vitro explant growth and microtuberization in potato

Z. J. Zhang, W. J. Zhou, H. Z. Li, G. Q. Zhang, K. Subrahmaniyan, J. Q. Yu

Biologia plantarum 50:453-456, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0069-2  

The shoot fresh mass, root length and root numbers of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Favorita and Helanwuhua were increased significantly by the application of 0.2 - 2 mg dm^-3 jasmonic acid (JA) in the Murashige and Skoog medium. However, the growth of potato explants was inhibited by JA at high concentrations (20 - 50 mg dm^-3). Chlorophyll content in explant leaves decreased with an increase in the concentration of JA. In leaves treated with 0.2 mg dm^-3 JA acid peroxidase activity increased, while in the leaves treated with more than 2 mg dm^-3 JA peroxidase activity decreased. Under the...

A modified method of flow cytometric seed screen simplifies the quantification of progeny classes with different ploidy levels

A. Krahulcova, J. Suda

Biologia plantarum 50:457-460, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0070-9  

Flow cytometric analysis of ten bulked seeds is proposed to quantify particular embryo ploidy classes in Hieracium. The method is recommended 1) for the detection and quantification of residual sexuality in facultative apomicts, which can generate progeny from heteroploid crosses, 2) for the quantitative screening of pollen donors with different ploidy levels, based on the fertilization success of the maternal plant, and 3) for the screening of parents producing a high proportion of polyhaploids.

Phenolics, lignin content and peroxidase activity in Picea omorika lines

J. Bogdanovic, D. Dikanovic, V. Maksimovic, S. Tufegdzic, D. Dokovic, V. Isajev, K. Radotic

Biologia plantarum 50:461-464, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0071-8  

We analyzed low molecular mass phenolics, lignin content and both soluble and cell wall bound peroxidase activity in the needles of three Picea omorika (Pancic) Purkyne lines grown in the generative seed orchard. The highest values of the total phenol content as well as of catechine, caffeic acid, coniferyl alcohol, isoferulic acid and lignin concentration were detected in B5 line ("semidichotomy" line). The soluble guaiacol peroxidase activity was the highest in A3 line (line "borealis"). The highest activity of cell wall bound peroxidases was measured in B5 line, and it was in correlation with lignin content.

Electric current affects the rate of development in isolated apical parts of rape in vitro

M. Filek, J. Biesaga-Koścelniak, I. Marcińska, J. Krekule, I. Macháčkova, F. Dubert

Biologia plantarum 50:465-468, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0072-7  

Apical parts of stems of Brassica napus L. var. oleifera cv. Gorczanski (winter rape) and cv. Mlochowski (spring rape), grown in vitro, were subjected to direct electric current (DC) of different polarity, duration and voltage. The positive orientation of DC, i.e. anode attached to the apical part and cathode to the medium, markedly enhanced the differentiation of the apical meristem in winter rape. The reverse polarity was without effect. DC treatment of positive polarity resulted in spring rape in transition of all explants to generative state while 70 % of non-treated plants remained at vegetative stage. Even negative...

Deposition pattern of hydrogen peroxide in the leaf sheaths of rice under salt stress

S. G. Wi, B. Y. Chung, J.-H. Kim, K.-S. Lee, J.-S. Kim

Biologia plantarum 50:469-472, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0073-6  

Deposition pattern of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) under salt stress (100 mM NaCl) was examined cytochemically in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pokkali) through the reaction of H₂O₂ with cerium chloride (CeCl₃) to produce electron dense precipitates of cerium perhydroxide. The distribution pattern of cerium perhydroxide precipitates in leaf sheath was considerably different from other parts of rice under salinity stress. Cerium perhydroxide precipitates were mainly accumulated on the tonoplast of leaf sheath under salinity, although they were localized on the cell wall and plasma membrane in all...

Micropropagation of Salvia brachyodon through nodal explants

D. Misic, D. Grubisic, R. Konjevic

Biologia plantarum 50:473-476, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0074-5  

A protocol for in vitro propagation of Balkan endemic plant Salvia brachyodon Vandas from nodal segments was developed. 6-benzylaminopurine was more effective in axillary buds promotion when compared to thidiazuron. The rooting of regenerated shoots was induced by transferring them to the media supplemented with auxins. All tested auxins (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, and α-naphthaleneacetic acid) stimulated the rooting of S. brachyodon shoots. The acclimatization of in vitro rooted shoots was successful.

Responses of two Prunus rootstocks to KCl induced salinity in vitro

T. E. Sotiropoulos, K. N. Dimassi, V. Tsirakoglou, I. N. Therios

Biologia plantarum 50:477-480, 2006 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-006-0075-4  

The in vitro response of two Prunus rootstocks: GF 677 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus), and Nemared (Prunus persica) to increasing concentrations of KCl of the culture medium was studied. Shoots were grown in vitro for 8 weeks on an Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 or 80 mM KCl. By increasing KCl concentration from 0 to 40 mM, the number of shoots per explant was not significantly affected for both rootstocks. However, Nemared rootstock formed more shoots per explant than GF 677 under respective KCl concentrations of the medium. Inclusion of 80 mM KCl in the medium resulted in...