Communications of the ACM, Volume 64

Volume 64, Number 1, January 2021

Editor's letter

• 
  Andrew A. Chien:
  2021: Computing's divided future. 5

Departments

• 
  Moshe Y. Vardi:
  Reboot the computing-research publication systems. 7

Career paths in computing

• 
  Dona Crawford:
  A career fueled by HPC. 9

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Mark Guzdial:
  Talking about race in CS education. 10-11

News

• 
  Samuel Greengard:
  Geometric deep learning advances data science. 13-15
• 
  Don Monroe:
  Fugaku takes the lead. 16-18
• 
  Chris Edwards:
  Coalition of the willing takes aim at COVID-19. 19-21

Technology strategy and management

• 
  Michael A. Cusumano:
  Boeing's 737 MAX: a failure of management, not just technology. 22-25

Security

• 
  Terry Benzel:
  Cybersecurity research for the future. 26-28

Law and technology

• 
  Kate Klonick:
  Content moderation modulation. 29-31

Historical reflections

• 
  Thomas Haigh:
  The immortal soul of an old machine. 32-37

Viewpoint

• 
  Gary Marcus, Ernest Davis:
  Insights for AI from the human mind. 38-41
• 
  Ofir Turel, Christopher J. Ferguson:
  Excessive use of technology: can tech providers be the culprits? 42-44

Practice

• 
  Phil Vachon:
  The identity in everyone's pocket. 46-55
• 
  Edlyn V. Levine:
  The die is cast. 56-60

Contributed articles

• 
  José González Cabañas, Ángel Cuevas, Aritz Arrate Galán, Rubén Cuevas:
  Does Facebook use sensitive data for advertising purposes? 62-69
• 
  Pantelis Koutroumpis, Aija Leiponen, Llewellyn D. W. Thomas:
  Digital instruments as invention machines. 70-78
• 
  Karoly Bozan, Kalle Lyytinen, Gregory M. Rose:
  How to transition incrementally to microservice architecture. 79-85

Review articles

• 
  Yehuda Lindell:
  Secure multiparty computation. 86-96
• 
  Stephen B. Wicker:
  The ethics of zero-day exploits - : the NSA meets the trolley car. 97-103

Research highlights

• 
  Daniel Gottesman:
  Technical perspective: Deciphering errors to reduce the cost of quantum computation. 105
• 
  Omar Fawzi, Antoine Grospellier, Anthony Leverrier:
  Constant overhead quantum fault tolerance with quantum expander codes. 106-114
• 
  Richard Han:
  Technical perspective: SkyCore's architecture takes it to the 'edge'. 115
• 
  Mehrdad Moradi, Karthikeyan Sundaresan, Eugene Chai, Sampath Rangarajan, Z. Morley Mao:
  SkyCore: moving core to the edge for untethered and reliable UAV-based LTE networks. 116-124

Last byte

• 
  Dennis E. Shasha:
  Stay in balance. 128

Volume 64, Number 2, February 2021

Editor's letter

• 
  Andrew A. Chien:
  Driving the cloud to true zero carbon. 5

Cerf's up

• 
  Vinton G. Cerf:
  Half-baked high-resolution referencing. 7

Letters to the editor

• 
  CACM Staff:
  Salary disputes. 8-9

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Robin K. Hill:
  Issues arise when time goes digital. 10-11

News

• 
  Chris Edwards:
  Moore's Law: what comes next? 12-14
• 
  Logan Kugler:
  The state of virtual reality hardware. 15-16
• 
  Keith Kirkpatrick:
  Technological responses to COVID-19. 17-19

Economic and business dimensions

• 
  Yannis Bakos, Hanna Halaburda, Christoph Müller-Bloch:
  When permissioned blockchains deliver more decentralization than permissionless. 20-22

Education

• 
  Carol L. Fletcher, Jayce R. Warner:
  CAPE: a framework for assessing equity throughout the computer science education ecosystem. 23-25

Kode Vicious

• 
  George V. Neville-Neil:
  Kabin fever. 26-27

Viewpoint

• 
  Chris Maurer, Kevin Kim, Dan J. Kim, Leon A. Kappelman:
  Cybersecurity: is it worse than we think? 28-30
• 
  Subbarao Kambhampati:
  Polanyi's revenge and AI's new romance with tacit knowledge. 31-32
• 
  Donald E. Knuth, Len Shustek:
  Let's not dumb down the history of computer science. 33-35

Practice

• 
  CACM Staff:
  Differential privacy: the pursuit of protections by default. 36-43
• 
  Thomas A. Limoncelli:
  The time I stole $10, 000 from Bell Labs. 44-46

Contributed articles

• 
  Anna Maria Feit, Mathieu Nancel, Maximilian John, Andreas Karrenbauer, Daryl Weir, Antti Oulasvirta:
  AZERTY amélioré: computational design on a national scale. 48-58
• 
  Supreeth Shastri, Melissa Wasserman, Vijay Chidambaram:
  GDPR anti-patterns. 59-65
• 
  Dong H. Ahn, Allison H. Baker, Michael Bentley, Ian Briggs, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Dorit M. Hammerling, Ignacio Laguna, Gregory L. Lee, Daniel J. Milroy, Mariana Vertenstein:
  Keeping science on keel when software moves. 66-74

Review articles

• 
  Pascal Hitzler:
  A review of the semantic web field. 76-83
• 
  Sameer Wagh, Xi He, Ashwin Machanavajjhala, Prateek Mittal:
  DP-cryptography: marrying differential privacy and cryptography in emerging applications. 84-93

Research highlights

• 
  Nada Amin:
  Technical perspective: Programming microfluidics to execute biological protocols. 96
• 
  Jason Ott, Tyson Loveless, Christopher Curtis, Mohsen Lesani, Philip Brisk:
  BioScript: programming safe chemistry on laboratories-on-a-chip. 97-104
• 
  Zachary G. Ives:
  Technical perspective: Solving the signal reconstruction problem at scale. 105
• 
  Abolfazl Asudeh, Jees Augustine, Saravanan Thirumuruganathan, Azade Nazi, Nan Zhang, Gautam Das, Divesh Srivastava:
  Scalable signal reconstruction for a broad range of applications. 106-115

Last byte

• 
  Leah Hoffmann:
  Bringing stability to wireless connections.

Volume 64, Number 3, March 2021

Editor's letter

• 
  Andrew A. Chien:
  Around the world: (the first time) with Communications' Regional Special Sections. 5-7

Departments

• 
  Moshe Y. Vardi:
  The people vs. tech. 9

Career paths in computing

• 
  Graham Oakes:
  Enabling renewable energy through smarter grids. 11

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Mark Guzdial, Joel C. Adams:
  Disputing Dijkstra, and birthdays in base 2. 12-13

News

• 
  Don Monroe:
  The power of quantum complexity. 15-17
• 
  Neil Savage:
  Fact-finding mission. 18-19
• 
  Paul Marks:
  Can the biases in facial recognition be fixed; also, should they? 20-22
• 
  Simson L. Garfinkel, Eugene H. Spafford:
  Edmund M. Clarke (1945 - 2020). 23-24

Legally speaking

• 
  Pamela Samuelson:
  The push for stricter rules for internet platforms. 26-28

Privacy

• 
  Lorrie Faith Cranor:
  Informing California privacy regulations with evidence from research. 29-32

Computing ethics

• 
  Deborah G. Johnson, Nicholas Diakopoulos:
  What to do about deepfakes. 33-35

The profession of IT

• 
  Peter J. Denning, Jeffrey Johnson:
  Science is not another opinion. 36-38

Viewpoint

• 
  Niklaus Wirth:
  50 years of Pascal. 39-41
• 
  Sascha Friesike, Frédéric Thiesse, George Kuk:
  What can the maker movement teach us about the digitization of creativity? 42-45
• 
  Oded Nov, Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs, Yvonne W. Lui, Devin M. Mann, Maurizio Porfiri, Mark O. Riedl, John-Ross Rizzo, Batia Mishan Wiesenfeld:
  The transformation of patient-clinician relationships with AI-based medical advice. 46-48

Practice

• 
  CACM Staff:
  A second conversation with Werner Vogels. 50-57
• 
  Jessie Frazelle:
  Out-of-this-world additive manufacturing. 58-62

Contributed articles

• 
  Neil C. Thompson, Svenja Spanuth:
  The decline of computers as a general purpose technology. 64-72
• 
  Andreea Molnar, Therese Keane, Rosemary Stockdale:
  Educational interventions and female enrollment in IT degrees. 73-77
• 
  Lucy Lu Wang, Gabriel Stanovsky, Luca Weihs, Oren Etzioni:
  Gender trends in computer science authorship. 78-84

Review articles

• 
  Wojciech Mazurczyk, Luca Caviglione:
  Cyber reconnaissance techniques. 86-95
• 
  Claudio Gutierrez, Juan F. Sequeda:
  Knowledge graphs. 96-104

Research highlights

• 
  Sanjeev Arora:
  Technical perspective: Why don't today's deep nets overfit to their training data? 106
• 
  Chiyuan Zhang, Samy Bengio, Moritz Hardt, Benjamin Recht, Oriol Vinyals:
  Understanding deep learning (still) requires rethinking generalization. 107-115
• 
  Prabal Dutta:
  Technical perspective: Localizing insects outdoors. 116
• 
  Rajalakshmi Nandakumar, Vikram Iyer, Shyamnath Gollakota:
  3D localization for subcentimeter-sized devices. 117-125

Last byte

• 
  Brian Clegg:
  Awakening.

Volume 64, Number 4, April 2021

Cerf's up

• 
  Vinton G. Cerf:
  What does a static, sustainable economy look like? 5

BLOG@CACM

• 
  John Arquilla, Mark Guzdial:
  The SolarWinds hack, and a grand challenge for CS education. 6-7

News

• 
  Chris Edwards:
  The best of NLP. 9-11
• 
  Paul Marks:
  Deep learning speeds MRI scans. 12-14
• 
  Samuel Greengard:
  The worsening state of ransomware. 15-17

Technology strategy and management

• 
  Mari Sako:
  From remote work to working from anywhere. 20-22

Broadening participation

• 
  Quincy Brown, Tyrone Grandison, Jamika D. Burge, Odest Chadwicke Jenkins, Tawanna Dillahunt:
  Reflections on black in computing. 23-24

Kode Vicious

• 
  George V. Neville-Neil:
  The non-psychopath's guide to managing an open source project. 25-27

Historical reflections

• 
  Thomas Haigh:
  When hackers were heroes. 28-34

Viewpoint

• 
  Liesbeth De Mol, Maarten Bullynck:
  Roots of 'program' revisited. 35-37
• 
  Denny Vrandecic:
  Building a multilingual Wikipedia. 38-41

Arab World special section

• 
  Sherif G. Aly, Mohamed F. Mokbel, Moustafa Youssef:
  Welcome. 42-44

Arab World special section: Hot topics

• 
  Elmootazbellah (Mootaz) Elnozahy:
  Building a research university in the Arab region: the case of KAUST. 46-49
• 
  Ahmed K. Elmagarmid, Abdellatif Saoudi:
  Building a preeminent research lab in the Arab region: the case of QCRI. 50-53
• 
  Motaz El Saban:
  Data science for the oil and gas industry in the Arab region. 54-56
• 
  Farah E. Shamout, Dana Abu Ali:
  The strategic pursuit of artificial intelligence in the United Arab Emirates. 57-58
• 
  Ashraf Aboulnaga, Sanjay Chawla, Ahmed K. Elmagarmid, Mohammed Al-Mannai, Hassan Al-Sayed:
  An AI-enabled future for Qatar and the region. 59-61
• 
  Walid R. Touma, Saad El Zein:
  Entrepreneurship ecosystem in Lebanon. 62-63
• 
  Hesham M. Eraqi, Ibrahim Sobh:
  Autonomous driving in the face of unconventional odds. 64-66
• 
  Sofiane Abbar, Rade Stanojevic, Shadab Mustafa, Mohamed F. Mokbel:
  Traffic routing in the ever-changing city of Doha. 67-68
• 
  Shaimaa Lazem, Mennatallah Saleh, Ebtisam Alabdulqader:
  ArabHCI: five years and counting. 69-71

Arab World special section: Big trends

• 
  Kareem Darwish, Nizar Habash, Mourad Abbas, Hend S. Al-Khalifa, Hussein T. Al-Natsheh, Houda Bouamor, Karim Bouzoubaa, Violetta Cavalli-Sforza, Samhaa R. El-Beltagy, Wassim El-Hajj, Mustafa Jarrar, Hamdy Mubarak:
  A panoramic survey of natural language processing in the Arab world. 72-81
• 
  David E. Keyes:
  The Arab world prepares the exascale workforce. 82-87
• 
  Ingmar Weber, Muhammad Imran, Ferda Ofli, Fouad Mrad, Jennifer Colville, Mehdi Fathallah, Alissar Chaker, Wigdan Seed Ahmed:
  Non-traditional data sources: providing insights into sustainable development. 88-95
• 
  Christina Pöpper, Michail Maniatakos, Roberto Di Pietro:
  Cyber security research in the Arab region: a blooming ecosystem with global ambitions. 96-101
• 
  Slim Abdennadher, Sherif G. Aly, Joe Tekli, Karima Echihabi:
  Unleashing early maturity academic innovations. 102-107
• 
  Seif Eldawlatly, Mohamed Abouelhoda, Omar Sultan Al-Kadi, Takashi Gojobori, Boris R. Jankovic, Mohamad Khalil, Ahsan H. Khandoker, Ahmed Morsy:
  Biomedical computing in the Arab world: unlocking the potential of a growing research community. 108-113
• 
  Basem Shihada, Tamer A. ElBatt, Ahmed M. Eltawil, Mohammad Mansour, Essaid Sabir, Slim Rekhis, Sanaa Sharafeddine:
  Networking research for the Arab world: from regional initiatives to potential global impact. 114-119
• 
  Ashraf Aboulnaga, Azza Abouzied, Karima Echihabi, Mourad Ouzzani:
  Database systems research in the Arab world: a tradition that spans decades. 120-123
• 
  Ahmed Ali, Shammur A. Chowdhury, Mohamed Afify, Wassim El-Hajj, Hazem M. Hajj, Mourad Abbas, Amir Hussein, Nada Ghneim, Mohammad A. M. Abushariah, Assal A. M. Alqudah:
  Connecting Arabs: bridging the gap in dialectal speech recognition. 124-129

Practice

• 
  David Crawshaw:
  Everything VPN is new again. 130-134

Contributed articles

• 
  Sorelle A. Friedler, Carlos Scheidegger, Suresh Venkatasubramanian:
  The (Im)possibility of fairness: different value systems require different mechanisms for fair decision making. 136-143
• 
  Ralf Jung, Jacques-Henri Jourdan, Robbert Krebbers, Derek Dreyer:
  Safe systems programming in Rust. 144-152

Review articles

• 
  Eduardo Souza dos Reis, Cristiano André da Costa, Diórgenes Eugênio da Silveira, Rodrigo Bavaresco, Rodrigo da Rosa Righi, Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa, Rodolfo Stoffel Antunes, Márcio Miguel Gomes, Gustavo Federizzi:
  Transformers aftermath: current research and rising trends. 154-163

Research highlights

• 
  Stratos Idreos:
  Technical perspective: The strength of SuRF. 165
• 
  Huanchen Zhang, Hyeontaek Lim, Viktor Leis, David G. Andersen, Michael Kaminsky, Kimberly Keeton, Andrew Pavlo:
  Succinct range filters. 166-173

Last byte

• 
  Dennis E. Shasha:
  Roulette Angel.

Volume 64, Number 5, May 2021

Departments

• 
  Moshe Y. Vardi:
  The agency trilemma and ACM. 4

Editor's letter

• 
  Cherri M. Pancake, Andrew A. Chien:
  In response to 'Vardi's insights'. 5

Career paths in computing

• 
  Caven Cade Mitchell:
  Computing enabled me to...promote sustainability and help underserved communities. 7

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Mark Guzdial:
  Teaching other teachers how to teach CS better. 8-9

News

• 
  Don Monroe:
  A satisfying result. 10-12
• 
  Neil Savage:
  Catching the fakes. 13-14
• 
  Keith Kirkpatrick:
  A traffic cop for low earth orbit. 15-17

Security

• 
  Sean Peisert:
  Trustworthy scientific computing. 18-21

Law and technology

• 
  Bryan H. Choi:
  Software professionals, malpractice law, and codes of ethics. 22-24

Education

• 
  Tim Bell:
  CS unplugged or coding classes? 25-27

Viewpoint

• 
  Mireille Hildebrandt:
  Understanding law and the rule of law: a plea to augment CS curricula. 28-31
• 
  Vanessa V. Sochat:
  The 10 best practices for remote software engineering. 32-36
• 
  Nachum Dershowitz:
  Let's be honest. 37-41

Practice

• 
  Jatinder Singh, Jennifer Cobbe, Do Le Quoc, Zahra Tarkhani:
  Enclaves in the clouds. 42-51
• 
  Jessie Frazelle:
  Battery day. 52-59

Contributed articles

• 
  Eric Grosse, Fred B. Schneider, Lynette I. Millett:
  Implementing insider defenses. 60-65
• 
  Yuhang Liu, Xian-He Sun, Yang Wang, Yungang Bao:
  HCDA: from computational thinking to a generalized thinking paradigm. 66-75
• 
  Johann Schleier-Smith, Vikram Sreekanti, Anurag Khandelwal, João Carreira, Neeraja Jayant Yadwadkar, Raluca Ada Popa, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, David A. Patterson:
  What serverless computing is and should become: the next phase of cloud computing. 76-84

Review articles

• 
  Loris D'Antoni, Margus Veanes:
  Automata modulo theories. 86-95

Research highlights

• 
  Pascal Schweitzer:
  Technical perspective: A logical step toward the graph isomorphism problem. 97
• 
  Martin Grohe, Daniel Neuen:
  Isomorphism, canonization, and definability for graphs of bounded rank width. 98-105
• 
  Jacob Steinhardt:
  Technical perspective: Robust statistics tackle new problems. 106
• 
  Ilias Diakonikolas, Gautam Kamath, Daniel M. Kane, Jerry Li, Ankur Moitra, Alistair Stewart:
  Robustness meets algorithms. 107-115

Last byte

• 
  P-Ray:
  Behold the Ch!Ld.

Volume 64, Number 6, June 2021

Editor's letter

• 
  Andrew A. Chien:
  Time for two annual Turing awards. 5

Cerf's up

• 
  Vinton G. Cerf:
  It came from outer space! 7

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Doug Meil:
  The search for unlimited productivity. 10-11

News

• 
  Neil Savage:
  Getting down to basics. 12-14
• 
  Don Monroe:
  Deceiving AI. 15-16
• 
  Simson L. Garfinkel, Eugene H. Spafford:
  Jack Minker (1927 - 2021). 17
• 
  Marina Krakovsky:
  Taking the heat. 18-20
• 
  Chris Edwards:
  Let the algorithm decide? 21-22

Inside risks

• 
  Rebecca T. Mercuri, Peter G. Neumann:
  The risks of election believability (or lack thereof). 24-30

Kode Vicious

• 
  George V. Neville-Neil:
  Aversion to versions. 31

The profession of IT

• 
  Peter J. Denning:
  Locality and professional life. 32-34

Viewpoint

• 
  Todd Hylton, Thomas M. Conte, Mark D. Hill:
  A vision to compute like nature: thermodynamically. 35-38
• 
  Danfeng (Daphne) Yao:
  Depth and persistence: what researchers need to know about impostor syndrome. 39-42
• 
  Michael L. Littman:
  Collusion rings threaten the integrity of computer science research. 43-44

Practice

• 
  Nicole Forsgren, Margaret-Anne D. Storey, Chandra Shekhar Maddila, Thomas Zimmermann, Brian Houck, Jenna L. Butler:
  The SPACE of developer productivity. 46-53
• 
  Mark Russinovich, Manuel Costa, Cédric Fournet, David Chisnall, Antoine Delignat-Lavaud, Sylvan Clebsch, Kapil Vaswani, Vikas Bhatia:
  Toward confidential cloud computing. 54-61

Contributed articles

• 
  Hui Guan, Shaoshan Liu, Xiaolong Ma, Wei Niu, Bin Ren, Xipeng Shen, Yanzhi Wang, Pu Zhao:
  CoCoPIE: enabling real-time AI on off-the-shelf mobile devices via compression-compilation co-design. 62-68
• 
  Xavier Franch, Cristina Palomares, Tony Gorschek:
  On the requirements engineer role. 69-75
• 
  Thomas J. Misa:
  Dynamics of gender bias in computing. 76-83

Review articles

• 
  Yixin Sun, Maria Apostolaki, Henry Birge-Lee, Laurent Vanbever, Jennifer Rexford, Mung Chiang, Prateek Mittal:
  Securing internet applications from routing attacks. 86-96

Research highlights

• 
  Abhishek Bhattacharjee:
  Technical perspective: Race logic presents a novel form of encoding. 98
• 
  Georgios Tzimpragos, Advait Madhavan, Dilip Vasudevan, Dmitri B. Strukov, Timothy Sherwood:
  In-sensor classification with boosted race trees. 99-105
• 
  Natalie D. Enright Jerger:
  Technical perspective: A chiplet prototype system for deep learning inference. 106
• 
  Yakun Sophia Shao, Jason Clemons, Rangharajan Venkatesan, Brian Zimmer, Matthew Fojtik, Nan Jiang, Ben Keller, Alicia Klinefelter, Nathaniel Ross Pinckney, Priyanka Raina, Stephen G. Tell, Yanqing Zhang, William J. Dally, Joel S. Emer, C. Thomas Gray, Brucek Khailany, Stephen W. Keckler:
  Simba: scaling deep-learning inference with chiplet-based architecture. 107-116

Last byte

• 
  Leah Hoffmann:
  Shaping the foundations of programming languages.

Volume 64, Number 7, July 2021

Departments

• 
  Moshe Y. Vardi:
  Program verification: vision and reality. 5

Career paths in computing: Computing enabled me to …

• 
  Victoria Holt:
  Obtain a Ph.D. and a career in data. 7

Editor's letter

• 
  CACM Staff:
  Two sides of the software engineering coin. 8-9

BLOG@CACM

• 
  John Arquilla, Judi Fusco, Pati Ruiz, Jeremy Roschelle:
  Securing seabed cybersecurity, emphasizing intelligence augmentation. 10-12

News

• 
  Samuel Greengard:
  Formal software verification measures up. 13-15
• 
  Esther Shein:
  A battery-free internet of things. 16-18
• 
  Paul Marks:
  The future of supply chains. 19-21
• 
  Simson L. Garfinkel, Eugene H. Spafford:
  Charles M. Geschke (1939-2021). 22

Legally speaking

• 
  Pamela Samuelson:
  Reimplementing software interfaces is fair use. 24-26

Privacy

• 
  Lorrie Faith Cranor:
  Lessons from the loo. 27-29

Computing ethics

• 
  Solon Barocas, Asia J. Biega, Margarita Boyarskaya, Kate Crawford, Hal Daumé III, Miroslav Dudík, Benjamin Fish, Mary L. Gray, Brent J. Hecht, Alexandra Olteanu, Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh, Luke Stark, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna M. Wallach, Marion Zepf:
  Responsible computing during COVID-19 and beyond. 30-32

Viewpoint

• 
  Josep Domingo-Ferrer, David Sánchez, Alberto Blanco-Justicia:
  The limits of differential privacy (and its misuse in data release and machine learning). 33-35
• 
  Diomidis Spinellis:
  Why computing students should contribute to open source software projects. 36-38
• 
  Travis D. Breaux, Jennifer Moritz:
  The 2021 software developer shortage is coming. 39-41

Practice

• 
  Chris Nokleberg, Brad Hawkes:
  Application frameworks. 42-49
• 
  Theo Schlossnagle, Justin Sheehy, Chris McCubbin:
  Always-on time-series database: keeping up where there's no way to catch up. 50-56

Turing lecture

• 
  Yoshua Bengio, Yann LeCun, Geoffrey E. Hinton:
  Deep learning for AI. 58-65

Contributed articles

• 
  Bran Knowles, Vicki L. Hanson, Yvonne Rogers, Anne Marie Piper, Jenny Waycott, Nigel Davies, Aloha May Hufana Ambe, Robin N. Brewer, Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Marianne Dee, David M. Frohlich, Marisela Gutierrez-Lopez, Ben Jelen, Amanda Lazar, Radoslaw Nielek, Belén Barros Pena, Abi Roper, Mark S. Schlager, Britta F. Schulte, Irene Ye Yuan:
  The harm in conflating aging with accessibility. 66-71
• 
  Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi, Gemma Newlands, Brian Butler, Saiph Savage, Christoph Lutz, Michael Dunn, Steve Sawyer:
  Flexible work and personal digital infrastructures. 72-79

Review articles

• 
  Stephan Winter, Timothy Baldwin, Martin Tomko, Jochen Renz, Werner Kuhn, Maria Vasardani:
  Spatial concepts in the conversation with a computer. 82-88

Research highlights

• 
  Sriram Sankaranarayanan:
  Technical perspective: An elegant model for deriving equations. 90
• 
  Vasileios Tsoutsouras, Sam Willis, Phillip Stanley-Marbell:
  Deriving equations from sensor data using dimensional function synthesis. 91-99
• 
  Jennifer Rexford:
  Technical perspective: Tracking pandemic-driven internet traffic. 100
• 
  Anja Feldmann, Oliver Gasser, Franziska Lichtblau, Enric Pujol, Ingmar Poese, Christoph Dietzel, Daniel Wagner, Matthias Wichtlhuber, Juan Tapiador, Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Oliver Hohlfeld, Georgios Smaragdakis:
  A year in lockdown: how the waves of COVID-19 impact internet traffic. 101-108

Last byte

• 
  Dennis E. Shasha:
  String me along. 112

Volume 64, Number 8, August 2021

Cerf's up

• 
  Vinton G. Cerf:
  On communication. 5

Letters to the editor

• 
  CACM Staff:
  Tales of two Turings. 7-9

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Orit Hazzan, Koby Mike:
  A journal for interdisciplinary data science education. 10-11

News

• 
  Chris Edwards:
  Better security through obfuscation. 13-15
• 
  Keith Kirkpatrick:
  Fixing the internet. 16-17
• 
  Logan Kugler:
  The unionization of technology companies. 18-20
• 
  Marty J. Wolf, Don Gotterbarn, Michael S. Kirkpatrick:
  Upholding ACM's principles. 21

Economic and business dimensions

• 
  Georgios Petropoulos:
  A European union approach to regulating big tech. 24-26

Education

• 
  Brett A. Becker:
  What does saying that 'programming is hard' really say, and about whom? 27-29

Kode Vicious

• 
  George V. Neville-Neil:
  In praise of the disassembler. 30-31

Viewpoint

• 
  Ben Shneiderman:
  Responsible AI: bridging from ethics to practice. 32-35
• 
  Carlo Ghezzi:
  Science needs to engage with society: some lessons from COVID-19. 36-38
• 
  David B. Whalley, Xin Yuan, Xiuwen Liu:
  The domestic computer science graduate students are there, we just need to recruit them. 39-43

Practice

• 
  Ramya Srinivasan, Ajay Chander:
  Biases in AI systems. 44-49
• 
  Niklas Blum, Serge Lachapelle, Harald Alvestrand:
  WebRTC: real-time communication for the open web platform. 50-54

Contributed articles

• 
  Patrick Baudin, François Bobot, David Bühler, Loïc Correnson, Florent Kirchner, Nikolai Kosmatov, André Maroneze, Valentin Perrelle, Virgile Prevosto, Julien Signoles, Nicky Williams:
  The dogged pursuit of bug-free C programs: the Frama-C software analysis platform. 56-68
• 
  Tali Dekel, Noah Snavely:
  Unveiling unexpected training data in internet video. 69-79
• 
  Xiaonan Wang, Xingwei Wang:
  Multimedia data delivery based on IoT clouds. 80-86

Review articles

• 
  Alistair Barros, Renuka Sindhgatta, Alireza Nili:
  Scaling up chatbots for corporate service delivery systems. 88-97
• 
  Sarah E. Chasins, Elena L. Glassman, Joshua Sunshine:
  PL and HCI: better together. 98-106

Research highlights

• 
  Constantinos Daskalakis:
  Technical perspective: The quest for optimal multi-item auctions. 108
• 
  Paul Dütting, Zhe Feng, Harikrishna Narasimhan, David C. Parkes, Sai Srivatsa Ravindranath:
  Optimal auctions through deep learning. 109-116
• 
  Josiah D. Hester:
  Technical perspective: eBP rides the third wave of mobile health. 117
• 
  Nam Bui, Nhat Pham, Jessica Jacqueline Barnitz, Zhanan Zou, Phuc Nguyen, Hoang Truong, Taeho Kim, Nicholas Farrow, Anh Nguyen, Jianliang Xiao, Robin R. Deterding, Thang N. Dinh, Tam Vu:
  eBP: an ear-worn device for frequent and comfortable blood pressure monitoring. 118-125

Last byte

• 
  Brian Clegg:
  Agent algorithm: crime-solving computer plays by its own rules.

Volume 64, Number 9, September 2021

Departments

• 
  Moshe Y. Vardi:
  The sand-heap paradox of privacy and influence. 5

Career paths in computing

• 
  Andrew Sorensen:
  How music and programming led me to build digital microworlds. 7

Letters to the Editor

• 
  CACM Staff:
  Turing reaction. 9

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Doug Meil, Mario Antoine Aoun:
  Finding the art in systems conversions, naming. 10-11

News

• 
  Marina Krakovsky:
  A model restoration. 13-15
• 
  Samuel Greengard:
  Photonic processors light the way. 16-18
• 
  Logan Kugler:
  Non-fungible tokens and the future of art. 19-20

Law and technology

• 
  Anupam Chander:
  Protecting the global internet from technology cold wars. 22-24

Security

• 
  Marjory S. Blumenthal:
  Security done right can make smart cities wise. 25-27

Historical reflections

• 
  Thomas Haigh:
  Women's lives in code. 28-34

The profession of IT

• 
  Peter J. Denning:
  Back of the envelope. 35-37

Viewpoint

• 
  Lamont A. Flowers:
  Testing educational digital games. 38-40
• 
  James R. Larus:
  Whose smartphone is it? 41-42
• 
  Illah Reza Nourbakhsh:
  AI ethics: a call to faculty. 43-45

Practice

• 
  Atefeh Mashatan, Douglas Heintzman:
  The complex path to quantum resistance. 46-53
• 
  Michael Gardiner, Alexander Truskovsky, George V. Neville-Neil, Atefeh Mashatan:
  Quantum-safe trust for vehicles: the race is already on. 54-61

Contributed articles

• 
  Sherif Sakr, Angela Bonifati, Hannes Voigt, Alexandru Iosup, Khaled Ammar, Renzo Angles, Walid G. Aref, Marcelo Arenas, Maciej Besta, Peter A. Boncz, Khuzaima Daudjee, Emanuele Della Valle, Stefania Dumbrava, Olaf Hartig, Bernhard Haslhofer, Tim Hegeman, Jan Hidders, Katja Hose, Adriana Iamnitchi, Vasiliki Kalavri, Hugo Kapp, Wim Martens, M. Tamer Özsu, Eric Peukert, Stefan Plantikow, Mohamed Ragab, Matei Ripeanu, Semih Salihoglu, Christian Schulz, Petra Selmer, Juan F. Sequeda, Joshua Shinavier, Gábor Szárnyas, Riccardo Tommasini, Antonino Tumeo, Alexandru Uta, Ana Lucia Varbanescu, Hsiang-Yun Wu, Nikolay Yakovets, Da Yan, Eiko Yoneki:
  The future is big graphs: a community view on graph processing systems. 62-71
• 
  Kelly Idell, David Gefen, Arik Ragowsky:
  Managing IT professional turnover. 72-77
• 
  Hadas Kress-Gazit, Kerstin Eder, Guy Hoffman, Henny Admoni, Brenna Argall, Rüdiger Ehlers, Christoffer Heckman, Nils Jansen, Ross A. Knepper, Jan Kretínský, Shelly Levy-Tzedek, Jamy Li, Todd D. Murphey, Laurel D. Riek, Dorsa Sadigh:
  Formalizing and guaranteeing human-robot interaction. 78-84

Review articles

• 
  Athman Bouguettaya, Quan Z. Sheng, Boualem Benatallah, Azadeh Ghari Neiat, Sajib Mistry, Aditya Ghose, Surya Nepal, Lina Yao:
  An internet of things service roadmap. 86-95

Research highlights

• 
  Leora Morgenstern:
  Technical perspective: The importance of WINOGRANDE. 98
• 
  Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, Yejin Choi:
  WinoGrande: an adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale. 99-106
• 
  Stefano Balietti:
  Technical perspective: Does your experiment smell? 107
• 
  Emma Tosch, Eytan Bakshy, Emery D. Berger, David D. Jensen, J. Eliot B. Moss:
  PlanAlyzer: assessing threats to the validity of online experiments. 108-116

Last byte

• 
  Leah Hoffmann:
  Playing with, and against, computers.

Volume 64, Number 10, October 2021

Cerf's up

• 
  Vinton G. Cerf:
  The future of text redux. 5

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Andrei M. Sukhov, Igor Sorokin, Doug Meil:
  New life for cordless communication, old regrets for software projects. 6-7

News

• 
  Don Monroe:
  Flatter chips. 8-10
• 
  Keith Kirkpatrick:
  Algorithmic poverty. 11-12
• 
  Chris Edwards:
  A switch in time. 13-15

Technology strategy and management

• 
  Michael A. Cusumano:
  Section 230 and a tragedy of the commons. 16-18

Broadening participation

• 
  Kendra Walther, Richard E. Ladner:
  Broadening participation by teaching accessibility. 19-21

Global computing

• 
  Hannah Thinyane:
  Remaining connected throughout design. 22-24

Kode Vicious

• 
  George V. Neville-Neil:
  Divide and conquer. 25

Viewpoint

• 
  Cory Doctorow:
  Competitive compatibility: let's fix the internet, not the tech giants. 26-29

Economic and business dimensions

• 
  Devdatt P. Dubhashi:
  AI futures: fact and fantasy. 30-31

Practice

• 
  João Varajão:
  Software development in disruptive times. 32-35
• 
  Jessie Frazelle:
  A new era for mechanical CAD. 36-39

Contributed articles

• 
  Matthew Groh, Ziv Epstein, Nick Obradovich, Manuel Cebrián, Iyad Rahwan:
  Human detection of machine-manipulated media. 40-47
• 
  Osku Torro, Henri Jalo, Henri Pirkkalainen:
  Six reasons why virtual reality is a game-changing computing and communication platform for organizations. 48-55
• 
  Mark Tannian, Willie Coston:
  The role of professional certifications in computer occupations. 56-63

Review articles

• 
  Jeannette M. Wing:
  Trustworthy AI. 64-71

Research highlights

• 
  Tam Vu:
  Technical perspective: Liquid testing using built-in phone sensors. 74
• 
  Shichao Yue, Dina Katabi:
  Liquid testing with your smartphone. 75-83
• 
  Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi:
  Technical perspective: The real-world dilemma of security and privacy by design. 84
• 
  Jihoon Lee, Gyuhong Lee, Jinsung Lee, Youngbin Im, Max Hollingsworth, Eric Wustrow, Dirk Grunwald, Sangtae Ha:
  Securing the wireless emergency alerts system. 85-93

Last byte

• 
  Dennis E. Shasha:
  Randomower.

Volume 64, Number 11, November 2021

• 
  Moshe Y. Vardi:
  The paradox of choice in computing-research conferences. 5
• 
  Ann Moffatt:
  Grace Hopper, minicomputers, and megabytes: it's a fun career. 7
• 
  Andrei M. Sukhov, Vivek S. Buzruk:
  Assessing internet software engineering, encouraging competitions. 8-9
• 
  Samuel Greengard:
  Qubit devices inch toward reality. 11-13
• 
  Chris Edwards:
  Holograms on the horizon? 14-16
• 
  Esther Shein:
  Filtering for beauty. 17-19
• 
  Pamela Samuelson:
  Text and data mining of in-copyright works: is it legal? 20-22
• 
  Lea Kissner, Lorrie Faith Cranor:
  Privacy engineering superheroes. 23-25
• 
  Katie Shilton, Megan Finn, Quinn DuPont:
  Shaping ethical computing cultures. 26-29
• 
  Alexander Repenning, Ashok R. Basawapatna:
  Explicative programming. 30-33
• 
  Karl Stöger, David Schneeberger, Andreas Holzinger:
  Medical artificial intelligence: the European legal perspective. 34-36
• 
  Yoram Reich, Eswaran Subrahmanian:
  We are not users: gaining control over new technologies. 37-39
• 
  Hai Jin, Yuanchun Shi, Dahua Lin:
  Welcome back! 40-42
• 
  Fang Su, Xiao-Peng An, Ji-Ye Mao:
  Innovations and trends in China's digital economy. 44-47
• 
  Chunfeng Yuan, Xiaopeng Gao, Yu Chen, Yungang Bao:
  Teaching undergraduates to build real computer systems. 48-49
• 
  Xu Han, Zhengyan Zhang, Zhiyuan Liu:
  Knowledgeable machine learning for natural language processing. 50-51
• 
  Fei Wu, Qinming He, Chao Wu:
  AI+X micro-program fosters interdisciplinary skills in China. 52-54
• 
  Jing Yang:
  AI start-ups in China. 55-56
• 
  Feng Tian, Yuntao Wang, Yicheng Zhu:
  Natural interactive techniques for the detection and assessment of neurological diseases. 57-59
• 
  Yiming Zhang, Kai Lu, Wenguang Chen:
  Processing extreme-scale graphs on China's supercomputers. 60-63
• 
  Guofeng Zhang, Xiaowei Zhou, Feng Tian, Hongbin Zha, Yongtian Wang, Hujun Bao:
  The present and future of mixed reality in China. 64-69
• 
  Chun Yu, Jiajun Bu:
  The practice of applying AI to benefit visually impaired people in China. 70-75
• 
  Zhiwen Yu, Huadong Ma, Bin Guo, Zheng Yang:
  Crowdsensing 2.0. 76-80
• 
  Jia Jia, Wei Chen, Kai Yu, Xiaodong He, Jun Du, Heung-Yeung Shum:
  The practice of speech and language processing in China. 81-87
• 
  Liang Cai, Yi Sun, Zibin Zheng, Jiang Xiao, Weiwei Qiu:
  Blockchain in China. 88-93
• 
  Poul-Henning Kamp:
  What went wrong? 94-96
• 
  Christoph Gröger:
  There is no AI without data. 98-108
• 
  Favyen Bastani, Songtao He, Satvat Jagwani, Edward Park, Sofiane Abbar, Mohammad Alizadeh, Hari Balakrishnan, Sanjay Chawla, Sam Madden, Mohammad Amin Sadeghi:
  Inferring and improving street maps with data-driven automation. 109-117
• 
  Pascal Van Hentenryck:
  Technical perspective: Finding the sweet spot amid accuracy and performance. 120
• 
  Alexandru Cristian, Luke Marshall, Mihai Negrea, Flavius Stoichescu, Peiwei Cao, Ishai Menache:
  Multi-itinerary optimization as cloud service. 121-129
• 
  Dorit Aharonov, Michael Chapman:
  Technical perspective: On proofs, entanglement, and games. 130
• 
  Zhengfeng Ji, Anand Natarajan, Thomas Vidick, John Wright, Henry Yuen:
  MIP* = RE. 131-138
• 
  William Sims Bainbridge:
  World of hackcraft: an obsessive gamer's quest for the absolutely most significant computer ever. 144

Volume 64, Number 12, December 2021

From the ACM CEO

• 
  Vicki L. Hanson:
  Communicating ACM priorities. 5

Editor's letter

• 
  Andrew A. Chien:
  Good, better, best: how sustainable should computing be? 6-7

Cerf's up

• 
  Vinton G. Cerf:
  On heterogeneous computing. 9

Letters to the editor

• 
  CACM Staff:
  Common ails. 10-12

BLOG@CACM

• 
  Robin K. Hill, Carlos Baquero:
  Seeking out Camille, and being open to others. 14-15

News

• 
  Don Monroe:
  Trouble at the source. 17-19
• 
  Keith Kirkpatrick:
  The road ahead for augmented reality. 20-22
• 
  Samuel Greengard:
  What is the cost of living online? 23-25

ACM publications finances

• 
  Jack W. Davidson, Joseph A. Konstan, Scott E. Delman:
  ACM publications finances for 2020. 26-27

The profession of IT

• 
  Peter J. Denning, Matti Tedre:
  Computational thinking for professionals. 30-33

Economic and business dimensions

• 
  Marshall W. Van Alstyne, Georgios Petropoulos, Geoffrey G. Parker, Bertin Martens:
  'In situ' data rights. 34-35

Viewpoint

• 
  Mark D. Hill, Vijay Janapa Reddi:
  Accelerator-level parallelism. 36-38

Kode Vicious

• 
  George V. Neville-Neil:
  Patent absurdity. 39

Viewpoint

• 
  Rosalind W. Picard:
  What every engineer and computer scientist should know: the biggest contributor to happiness. 40-42

Practice

• 
  Liu Leqi, Dylan Hadfield-Menell, Zachary C. Lipton:
  When curation becomes creation. 44-47
• 
  Ashish Gehani, Raza Ahmad, Hassaan Irshad, Jianqiao Zhu, Jignesh M. Patel:
  Digging into big provenance (with SPADE). 48-56

Contributed articles

• 
  Sara Hooker:
  The hardware lottery. 58-65
• 
  Xiaowei Xu, Hailong Qiu, Qianjun Jia, Yuhao Dong, Zeyang Yao, Wen Xie, Huiming Guo, Haiyun Yuan, Jian Zhuang, Meiping Huang, Yiyu Shi:
  AI-CHD: an AI-based framework for cost-effective surgical telementoring of congenital heart disease. 66-74
• 
  Ranveer Chandra, Stewart Collis:
  Digital agriculture for small-scale producers: challenges and opportunities. 75-84

Review articles

• 
  Timnit Gebru, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna M. Wallach, Hal Daumé III, Kate Crawford:
  Datasheets for datasets. 86-92

Research highlights

• 
  Fadel Adib:
  Technical perspective: Cooking up a solution to microwave heat distribution. 94
• 
  Haojian Jin, Jingxian Wang, Swarun Kumar, Jason I. Hong:
  Software-defined cooking using a microwave oven. 95-103
• 
  Timothy Sherwood:
  Technical perspective: A recipe for protecting against speculation attacks. 104
• 
  Jiyong Yu, Mengjia Yan, Artem Khyzha, Adam Morrison, Josep Torrellas, Christopher W. Fletcher:
  Speculative taint tracking (STT): a comprehensive protection for speculatively accessed data. 105-112

Last byte

• 
  Leah Hoffmann:
  Exploring the promise of quantum computing.