Frugal AI: Introduction, Concepts, Development and Open Questions.

Thomas George

Ludovic Arga François Bélorgey Arnaud Braud Romain Carbou Nathalie Charbonniaud Catherine Colomes Lionel Delphin-Poulat David Excoffier Christel Fauché Thomas George Frédéric Guyard Thomas Hassan Quentin Lampin Vincent Lemaire 0001 Pierre Nodet Pawel Piotrowski Krzysztof Sapiejewski Emilie Sirvent-Hien Tamara Tosic Frugal AI: Introduction, Concepts, Development and Open Questions. 72-111 2025 June 27 SIGKDD Explor. 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/3748239.3748247 db/journals/sigkdd/sigkdd27.html#ArgaBBCCCDEFGGHLLNPSST25 streams/journals/sigkdd

Thomas George Jordana J. George Impacts of Generative AI on Creative Work. 2025 AMCIS https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2025/sig_cnow/sig_cnow/14 conf/amcis/2025 db/conf/amcis/amcis2025.html#GeorgeG25 Ilies Chibane Thomas George Pierre Nodet Vincent Lemaire 0001 Calibration des modèles d'apprentissage pour l'amélioration des détecteurs automatiques d'exemples mal-étiquetés. 327-334 2025 EGC http://editions-rnti.fr/?inprocid=1003010 conf/f-egc/2025 db/conf/f-egc/egc2025.html#ChibaneGN025 Jordana J. George Srujan D. Kotikela Thomas George Do LLMs Care How You Ask? Prompt Tones and AI Accuracy, Trust, and Engagement. 2025 ICIS https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2025/conf_theme/conf_theme/2 conf/icis/2025 db/conf/icis/icis2025.html#GeorgeKG25

Aziz Bacha Thomas George Training Feature Attribution for Vision Models. 2025 October abs/2510.09135 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.09135 db/journals/corr/corr2510.html#abs-2510-09135 streams/journals/corr

Ilies Chibane Thomas George Pierre Nodet Vincent Lemaire 0001 Calibration improves detection of mislabeled examples. 2025 November abs/2511.02738 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.02738 db/journals/corr/corr2511.html#abs-2511-02738 streams/journals/corr

Thomas George Pierre Nodet Alexis Bondu Vincent Lemaire 0001 Mislabeled examples detection viewed as probing machine learning models: concepts, survey and extensive benchmark. 2024 2024 Trans. Mach. Learn. Res. https://openreview.net/forum?id=3YlOr7BHkx db/journals/tmlr/tmlr2024.html#GeorgeNB024

Elahe Ezami Thomas George Kevin Andrew Harmon Jordana J. George Slow Down: How Artificial Delays May Reduce the Perceived Credibility and Spread of Fake News. 2024 AMCIS https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2024/elevlife/elevlife/12 conf/amcis/2024 db/conf/amcis/amcis2024.html#EzamiGHG24

Thomas George Pierre Nodet Alexis Bondu Vincent Lemaire 0001 Mislabeled examples detection viewed as probing machine learning models: concepts, survey and extensive benchmark. 2024 abs/2410.15772 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.15772 db/journals/corr/corr2410.html#abs-2410-15772 streams/journals/corr

Irene Li Thomas George Alexander R. Fabbri Tammy Liao Benjamin Chen Rina Kawamura Richard Zhou Vanessa Yan Swapnil Hingmire Dragomir Radev A Transfer Learning Pipeline for Educational Resource Discovery with Application in Survey Generation. 29-43 2023 BEA@ACL https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.bea-1.3 https://aclanthology.org/2023.bea-1.3 conf/bea/2023 db/conf/bea/bea2023.html#LiGFLCKZYHR23

Thomas George V. Ganesan Optimal tuning of FOPID controller for higher order process using hybrid approach. 15345-15367 2022 52 Appl. Intell. 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-03167-2 db/journals/apin/apin52.html#GeorgeG22

Thomas George Guillaume Lajoie Aristide Baratin Lazy vs hasty: linearization in deep networks impacts learning schedule based on example difficulty. 2022 2022 Trans. Mach. Learn. Res. https://openreview.net/forum?id=lukVf4VrfP db/journals/tmlr/tmlr2022.html#GeorgeLB22

Jordana J. George Thomas George Emancipatory Blockchain Provenance in Global Development. 2022 AMCIS https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2022/sig_globdev/sig_globdev/12 conf/amcis/2022 db/conf/amcis/amcis2022.html#GeorgeG22

Irene Li Thomas George Alexander R. Fabbri Tammy Liao Benjamin Chen Rina Kawamura Richard Zhou Vanessa Yan Swapnil Hingmire Dragomir R. Radev A Transfer Learning Pipeline for Educational Resource Discovery with Application in Leading Paragraph Generation. 2022 abs/2201.02312 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.02312 db/journals/corr/corr2201.html#abs-2201-02312

Thomas George Guillaume Lajoie Aristide Baratin Lazy vs hasty: linearization in deep networks impacts learning schedule based on example difficulty. 2022 abs/2209.09658 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.09658 db/journals/corr/corr2209.html#abs-2209-09658

Aristide Baratin Thomas George César Laurent R. Devon Hjelm Guillaume Lajoie Pascal Vincent Simon Lacoste-Julien Implicit Regularization via Neural Feature Alignment. 2269-2277 2021 AISTATS http://proceedings.mlr.press/v130/baratin21a.html conf/aistats/2021 db/conf/aistats/aistats2021.html#BaratinGLHLVL21 Jordana J. George Thomas George René Moquin I Can't Breathe: How Digital Video Becomes an Emancipatory Technology. 1-10 2021 HICSS https://hdl.handle.net/10125/71388 conf/hicss/2021 db/conf/hicss/hicss2021.html#GeorgeGM21 I-Hsiang Wang Ting Tsai Rong-Cun Pan Po-Yu Hong M. T. Kuo I. H. Chen Thomas George H. C. Lin Pei-Wen Li Reconfigurable Germanium Quantum-Dot Arrays for CMOS Integratable Quantum Electronic Devices. 1-2 2021 VLSI Circuits https://doi.org/10.23919/VLSICircuits52068.2021.9492360 conf/vlsic/2021 db/conf/vlsic/vlsic2021.html#WangTPHKCGLL21

Timothée Lesort Thomas George Irina Rish Continual Learning in Deep Networks: an Analysis of the Last Layer. 2021 abs/2106.01834 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.01834 db/journals/corr/corr2106.html#abs-2106-01834

Swapnil Hingmire Irene Li Rena Kawamura Benjamin Chen Alexander R. Fabbri Xiangru Tang Yixin Liu 0003 Thomas George Tammy Liao Wai Pan Wong Vanessa Yan Richard Zhou Girish K. Palshikar Dragomir R. Radev CLICKER: A Computational LInguistics Classification Scheme for Educational Resources. 2021 abs/2112.08578 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.08578 db/journals/corr/corr2112.html#abs-2112-08578

César Laurent Camille Ballas Thomas George Nicolas Ballas Pascal Vincent Revisiting Loss Modelling for Unstructured Pruning. 2020 abs/2006.12279 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.12279 db/journals/corr/corr2006.html#abs-2006-12279

Aristide Baratin Thomas George César Laurent R. Devon Hjelm Guillaume Lajoie Pascal Vincent Simon Lacoste-Julien Implicit Regularization in Deep Learning: A View from Function Space. 2020 abs/2008.00938 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.00938 db/journals/corr/corr2008.html#abs-2008-00938

Robert Wright Chiara Ferrari-Wong Abigail Flom John Mecikalski Prasad Thenkabail The HyTI Team Miguel Nunes Paul Lucey Luke Flynn Thomas George Sarath Gunapala David Z. Ting Sir Rafol Alexander Soibel HyTI: Thermal Hyperspectral Imaging from A Cubesat Platform. 4982-4985 2019 IGARSS https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8899887 conf/igarss/2019 db/conf/igarss/igarss2019.html#WrightFFMTTNLFG19 César Laurent Thomas George Xavier Bouthillier Nicolas Ballas Pascal Vincent An Evaluation of Fisher Approximations Beyond Kronecker Factorization. 2018 ICLR (Workshop) https://openreview.net/forum?id=ryVC6tkwG conf/iclr/2018w db/conf/iclr/iclr2018w.html#LaurentGBBV18 Thomas George César Laurent Xavier Bouthillier Nicolas Ballas Pascal Vincent Fast Approximate Natural Gradient Descent in a Kronecker Factored Eigenbasis. 9573-9583 2018 NeurIPS https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2018/hash/48000647b315f6f00f913caa757a70b3-Abstract.html http://papers.nips.cc/paper/8164-fast-approximate-natural-gradient-descent-in-a-kronecker-factored-eigenbasis conf/nips/2018 db/conf/nips/nips2018.html#GeorgeLBBV18

Thomas George César Laurent Xavier Bouthillier Nicolas Ballas Pascal Vincent Fast Approximate Natural Gradient Descent in a Kronecker-factored Eigenbasis. 2018 abs/1806.03884 CoRR http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03884 db/journals/corr/corr1806.html#abs-1806-03884

Vaibhav Saxena Thomas George Yogish Sabharwal Lucas Villa Real Architecture Aware Resource Allocation for Structured Grid Applications: Flood Modelling Case. 555-564 2015 CCGRID https://doi.org/10.1109/CCGrid.2015.71 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CCGrid.2015.71 conf/ccgrid/2015 db/conf/ccgrid/ccgrid2015.html#SaxenaGSR15

Saravanakumar Subramanian Thomas George Asokan Thondiyath Real-Time obstacle Avoidance for an underactuated flat-Fish Type Autonomous underwater Vehicle in 3D Space. 2014 29 Int. J. Robotics Autom. 4 https://doi.org/10.2316/Journal.206.2014.4.206-4054 db/journals/ijra/ijra29.html#SubramanianGT14

Swati Singhal Sandhya Aneja Frank Liu 0001 Lucas Villa Real Thomas George IFM: A Scalable High Resolution Flood Modeling Framework. 692-703 2014 Euro-Par https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09873-9_58 conf/europar/2014 db/conf/europar/europar2014.html#SinghalALRG14 Anirudh Chakravorty Thomas George Yogish Sabharwal Multicore Parallelization of the PTAS Dynamic Program for the Bin-Packing Problem. 81-95 2014 ICDCN https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45249-9_6 conf/icdcn/2014 db/conf/icdcn/icdcn2014.html#ChakravortyGS14

Lloyd A. Treinish Anthony Praino James P. Cipriani Ulisses T. Mello Kiran Mantripragada Lucas Villa Real Paula A. Sesini Vaibhav Saxena Thomas George Rashmi Mittal Enabling high-resolution forecasting of severe weather and flooding events in Rio de Janeiro. 2013 57 IBM J. Res. Dev. 5 https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2013.2263414 db/journals/ibmrd/ibmrd57.html#TreinishPCMMRSSGM13

Preeti Malakar Thomas George Sameer Kumar 0001 Rashmi Mittal Vijay Natarajan Yogish Sabharwal Vaibhav Saxena Sathish S. Vadhiyar A divide and conquer strategy for scaling weather simulations with multiple regions of interest. 93-107 2013 21 Sci. Program. 3-4 https://doi.org/10.3233/SPR-130367 db/journals/sp/sp21.html#MalakarG0MNSSV13

Gurbinder Singh Gill Vaibhav Saxena Rashmi Mittal Thomas George Yogish Sabharwal Lalit Dagar Evaluation and enhancement of weather application performance on Blue Gene/Q. 324-332 2013 HiPC https://doi.org/10.1109/HiPC.2013.6799138 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HiPC.2013.6799138 conf/hipc/2013 db/conf/hipc/hipc2013.html#GillSMGSD13 Swati Singhal Lucas Villa Real Thomas George Sandhya Aneja Yogish Sabharwal A hybrid parallelization approach for high resolution operational flood forecasting. 405-414 2013 HiPC https://doi.org/10.1109/HiPC.2013.6799142 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HiPC.2013.6799142 conf/hipc/2013 db/conf/hipc/hipc2013.html#SinghalRGAS13

Thomas George Anshul Gupta Vivek Sarin An Empirical Analysis of the Performance of Preconditioners for SPD Systems. 24:1-24:30 2012 38 ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/2331130.2331132 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q113310377 db/journals/toms/toms38.html#GeorgeGS12

Preeti Malakar Vaibhav Saxena Thomas George Rashmi Mittal Sameer Kumar 0001 Abdul Ghani Naim Saiful Azmi bin Hj Husain Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Nested High Resolution Weather Simulations. 805-817 2012 Euro-Par https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32820-6_80 conf/europar/2012 db/conf/europar/europar2012.html#MalakarSGMKNH12 Anshul Mittal Nikhil Jain Thomas George Yogish Sabharwal Sameer Kumar 0001 Collective algorithms for sub-communicators. 225-234 2012 ICS https://doi.org/10.1145/2304576.2304606 conf/ics/2012 db/conf/ics/ics2012.html#MittalJGSK12 Anshul Mittal Nikhil Jain Thomas George Yogish Sabharwal Sameer Kumar 0001 Collective algorithms for sub-communicators. 315-316 2012 PPoPP https://doi.org/10.1145/2145816.2145872 https://doi.org/10.1145/2370036.2145872 conf/ppopp/2012 db/conf/ppopp/ppopp2012.html#MittalJGSK12 Saravanakumar Subramanian Thomas George Asokan Thondiyath Hardware-in-the-Loop verification for 3D obstacle avoidance algorithm of an underactuated flat-fish type AUV. 545-550 2012 ROBIO https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBIO.2012.6491023 conf/robio/2012 db/conf/robio/robio2012.html#SubramanianGT12 Preeti Malakar Thomas George Sameer Kumar 0001 Rashmi Mittal Vijay Natarajan Yogish Sabharwal Vaibhav Saxena Sathish S. Vadhiyar A divide and conquer strategy for scaling weather simulations with multiple regions of interest. 37 2012 SC https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2012.4 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/SC.2012.4 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2389047 conf/sc/2012 db/conf/sc/sc2012.html#MalakarG0MNSSV12 Thomas George Vaibhav Saxena Anshul Gupta Amik Singh Anamitra R. Choudhury Multifrontal Factorization of Sparse SPD Matrices on GPUs. 372-383 2011 IPDPS https://doi.org/10.1109/IPDPS.2011.44 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/IPDPS.2011.44 conf/ipps/2011 db/conf/ipps/ipdps2011.html#GeorgeSGSC11 Thomas George Vivek Sarin Domain Decomposition. 578-587 2011 Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09766-4_291 reference/parallel/2011 db/reference/parallel/parallel2011.html#GeorgeS11

Anshul Gupta Thomas George Adaptive Techniques for Improving the Performance of Incomplete Factorization Preconditioning. 84-110 2010 32 SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 1 https://doi.org/10.1137/080727695 db/journals/siamsc/siamsc32.html#GuptaG10

Anshul Gupta Seid Koric Thomas George Sparse matrix factorization on massively parallel computers. 2009 SC https://doi.org/10.1145/1654059.1654061 conf/sc/2009 db/conf/sc/sc2009.html#GuptaKG09 Thomas George Anshul Gupta Vivek Sarin A Recommendation System for Preconditioned Iterative Solvers. 803-808 2008 ICDM https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2008.105 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICDM.2008.105 conf/icdm/2008 db/conf/icdm/icdm2008.html#GeorgeGS08

Edward A. Luke Thomas George Loci: a rule-based framework for parallel multi-disciplinary simulation synthesis. 477-502 2005 15 J. Funct. Program. 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956796805005514 db/journals/jfp/jfp15.html#LukeG05

Thomas George Srujana Merugu A Scalable Collaborative Filtering Framework Based on Co-Clustering. 625-628 2005 conf/icdm/2005 ICDM https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2005.14 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICDM.2005.14 db/conf/icdm/icdm2005.html#GeorgeM05 Sandhya Aneja Ludovic Arga Aziz Bacha Camille Ballas Nicolas Ballas Aristide Baratin François Bélorgey Alexis Bondu Xavier Bouthillier Arnaud Braud Romain Carbou Anirudh Chakravorty Nathalie Charbonniaud Benjamin Chen I. H. Chen Ilies Chibane Anamitra R. Choudhury James P. Cipriani Catherine Colomes Lalit Dagar Lionel Delphin-Poulat David Excoffier Elahe Ezami Alexander R. Fabbri Christel Fauché Chiara Ferrari-Wong Abigail Flom Luke Flynn V. Ganesan Jordana J. George Gurbinder GillGurbinder Singh Gill Sarath D. GunapalaSarath Gunapala Anshul Gupta Frédéric Guyard Kevin Andrew Harmon Thomas Hassan Emilie HienEmilie Sirvent-Hien Swapnil Hingmire R. Devon Hjelm Po-Yu Hong Saiful Azmi bin Hj Husain Nikhil Jain Rena Kawamura Rina Kawamura Seid Koric Srujan D. Kotikela Sameer Kumar 0001 M. T. Kuo Simon Lacoste-Julien Guillaume Lajoie Quentin Lampin César Laurent Vincent Lemaire 0001 Timothée Lesort Irene Li Pei-Wen Li Tammy Liao H. C. Lin Frank Liu 0001 Yixin Liu 0003 Paul Lucey Edward A. Luke Preeti Malakar Kiran Mantripragada John Mecikalski Ulisses T. Mello Srujana Merugu Anshul Mittal Rashmi Mittal René Moquin Abdul Ghani Naim Vijay Natarajan Pierre Nodet Miguel Nunes Girish Keshav PalshikarGirish K. Palshikar Rong-Cun Pan Pawel Piotrowski Anthony Praino Dragomir R. RadevDragomir Radev Sir Rafol Lucas Correia Villa RealLucas Villa Real Irina Rish Yogish Sabharwal Krzysztof Sapiejewski Vivek Sarin Vaibhav Saxena Paula A. Sesini Amik Singh Swati Singhal Alexander Soibel Saravanakumar Subramanian Xiangru Tang The HyTI Team Prasad Thenkabail Asokan Thondiyath David Z. Ting Tamara Tosic Lloyd TreinishLloyd A. Treinish Ting Tsai Sathish S. Vadhiyar Pascal Vincent I-Hsiang Wang Wai Pan Wong Robert Wright Vanessa Yan Richard Zhou