„Cacos“ – Versionsunterschied
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'''Cacos''' were bodies of armed men, originally drawn from the [[slavery in Haiti|enslaved population of Haiti]], who came to wield power in the mountainous regions of [[Haiti]] following the victory of the [[Haitian Revolution]] in 1804.<ref name="JT">{{cite web|last1=Tierney, Jr.|first1=John|title=America’s “Black Vietnam”: Haiti’s Cacos vs. The Marine Corps, 1915-22|url=http://www.iwp.edu/news_publications/detail/americas-black-vietnam-haitis-cacos-vs-the-marine-corps-1915-22|website=www.iwp.edu|publisher=The Institute of World Politics|accessdate=19 October 2017}}</ref> The nickname "cacos" was derived from local terms for the red-plumed [[Hispaniolan trogon]] because the insurgents "used to hide, like the bird of the same name, under the leaves so as to come unexpectedly upon and attack their enemy."<ref name="HPS III">{{cite book|last1=[[Horace Pauleus Sannon]]|title=Histoire de Toussaint-Louverture|date=1938|publisher=Aug. A. Heraux|location=Port au Prince|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00008866/00003/144?search=cacos|accessdate=19 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
'''Cacos''' were bodies of armed men, originally drawn from the [[slavery in Haiti|enslaved population of Haiti]], who came to wield power in the mountainous regions of [[Haiti]] following the victory of the [[Haitian Revolution]] in 1804.<ref name="JT">{{cite web|last1=Tierney, Jr.|first1=John|title=America’s “Black Vietnam”: Haiti’s Cacos vs. The Marine Corps, 1915-22|url=http://www.iwp.edu/news_publications/detail/americas-black-vietnam-haitis-cacos-vs-the-marine-corps-1915-22|website=www.iwp.edu|publisher=The Institute of World Politics|accessdate=19 October 2017}}</ref> The nickname "cacos" was derived from local terms for the red-plumed [[Hispaniolan trogon]] because the insurgents "used to hide, like the bird of the same name, under the leaves so as to come unexpectedly upon and attack their enemy."<ref name="HPS III">{{cite book|last1=[[Horace Pauleus Sannon]]|title=Histoire de Toussaint-Louverture|date=1938|publisher=Aug. A. Heraux|location=Port au Prince|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00008866/00003/144?search=cacos|accessdate=19 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Resistance to US occupation |
==Resistance to US occupation 1915–1934== |
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[[File:U.S. Marines and guide in search of bandits. Haiti, circa 1919., 1927 - 1981 - NARA - 532584.tif|thumb|right|US Marines in search of Cacos, circa 1919]] |
[[File:U.S. Marines and guide in search of bandits. Haiti, circa 1919., 1927 - 1981 - NARA - 532584.tif|thumb|right|US Marines in search of Cacos, circa 1919]] |
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The [[United States]] invaded Haiti on 28 July 1915, and maintained [[United States occupation of Haiti|a force of marines to occupy the island]] until 1934. While US forces were able to seize control of the cities quite quickly, the Cacos maintained stubborn resistance in the mountainous areas to the north. Near [[Cap-Haïtien|Cap Haitien]], the Cacos threatened to inflict a defeat on the [[United States Marine Corps|US Marines]] at the [[Battle of Fort Dipitie]], but last minute reinforcements enabled the marines to launch a successful counter attack that resulted in the entire Caco force being either killed or taken prisoner. The marines then slowly encroached upon the mountainous Cacos territory, eventually trapping and defeating the guerilla army at the [[Battle of Fort Rivière]]. |
The [[United States]] invaded Haiti on 28 July 1915, and maintained [[United States occupation of Haiti|a force of marines to occupy the island]] until 1934. While US forces were able to seize control of the cities quite quickly, the Cacos maintained stubborn resistance in the mountainous areas to the north. Near [[Cap-Haïtien|Cap Haitien]], the Cacos threatened to inflict a defeat on the [[United States Marine Corps|US Marines]] at the [[Battle of Fort Dipitie]], but last minute reinforcements enabled the marines to launch a successful counter attack that resulted in the entire Caco force being either killed or taken prisoner. The marines then slowly encroached upon the mountainous Cacos territory, eventually trapping and defeating the guerilla army at the [[Battle of Fort Rivière]]. |
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Version vom 20. Januar 2018, 20:20 Uhr
Cacos were bodies of armed men, originally drawn from the enslaved population of Haiti, who came to wield power in the mountainous regions of Haiti following the victory of the Haitian Revolution in 1804.[1] The nickname "cacos" was derived from local terms for the red-plumed Hispaniolan trogon because the insurgents "used to hide, like the bird of the same name, under the leaves so as to come unexpectedly upon and attack their enemy."[2]
Resistance to US occupation 1915–1934
The United States invaded Haiti on 28 July 1915, and maintained a force of marines to occupy the island until 1934. While US forces were able to seize control of the cities quite quickly, the Cacos maintained stubborn resistance in the mountainous areas to the north. Near Cap Haitien, the Cacos threatened to inflict a defeat on the US Marines at the Battle of Fort Dipitie, but last minute reinforcements enabled the marines to launch a successful counter attack that resulted in the entire Caco force being either killed or taken prisoner. The marines then slowly encroached upon the mountainous Cacos territory, eventually trapping and defeating the guerilla army at the Battle of Fort Rivière.
Prominent Cacos leaders
- Charlemagne Péralte emerged as one of the Cacos leaders from his escape from captivity until his death on 1 November 1919.
- Benoît Batraville, a lieutenant of Péralte, took over as commander of the Cacos in December 1919. He was killed by the US Marines on 20 May 1920.[3]
References
- ↑ John Tierney, Jr.: America’s “Black Vietnam”: Haiti’s Cacos vs. The Marine Corps, 1915-22. In: www.iwp.edu. The Institute of World Politics, abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2017.
- ↑ Horace Pauleus Sannon: Histoire de Toussaint-Louverture. Aug. A. Heraux, Port au Prince 1938 (englisch, ufl.edu [abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2017]).
- ↑ Haïti– Identité : Manifestation à Savanette pour la réforme de l’Etat civil national. In: www.alterpresse.org. AlterPresse, abgerufen am 20. Oktober 2017.