The article starts by highlighting how the existing economic framework intrinsicallycollides with nature conservation goals, due to massive presence of environmentalexternalities, and argues for the need of economic policies incentivising the provisionand quality of environmental services. Section 2 presents the existing framework andinitiatives for such economic policies in Catalonia, whereas section 3 introducespossible innovative instruments to foster nature conservation. Section 4 presents landstewardship as part of the green economy concept, capable to generate new jobs whilepreserving nature. Some case studies present ideas and tools on how nature conservationcan be key to pursuing rural development goals. Section 5 addresses how an innovativecommunal management of lands is important for pursuing the aforementioned goals,especially for the northern parts of Catalonia where most communal lands are located.
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