El absolutismo pontificio del siglo XV en dos opúsculos de Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo

• Autores: Luis Fernández Gallardo
• Localización: En la España medieval, ISSN-e 1988-2971, ISSN 0214-3038, Nº 44, 2021, págs. 373-395
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The pontifical absolutism of the 15th century in two opuscules by Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo
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• Resumen
  • español

    Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo pasó de ser un conciliarista radical a defensor a ultranza del absolutismo pontificio. Dos obras ofrecen un destacado desarrollo de sus ideas: De libera et irrefragabili auctoritate Romani Pontificis (1464/1465) y De sceleribus Turchi (1467). Parte Arévalo del origen divino del poder, fundamentado en san Pablo y en los títulos de vicarius Christiy princeps. Dos cualidades esenciales posee la potestas papal: plena e ilimitada. Utiliza la doctrina aristotélica de la epiqueya para sostener el libérrimo ejercicio del poder papal. Arévalo considera las relaciones entre el papa y el colegio cardenalicio, cuya facultad limita a la elección de la persona del papa, del que son súbditos, recurriendo a la imagen corporativa del papa como cabeza del cuerpo eclesial.

  • English

    Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo, who was originally a strong conciliarist, became later a fervent advocate of the Pope. Two of his works offer a remarkable development of his ideas: De libera et irrefragabili auctoritate Romani Pontificis (1464/1465) and De sceleribus Turchi (1467). The main focus for Arévalo is the divine origin of power, based on the figure of Saint Paul and the titles of vicarius Christi and princeps. The papal potestas has two essential features: it is total and limitless. Arévalo uses the Aristotelian concept of epiqueya with the purpose of supporting the completely free exercise of papal power. Arévalo reflects on the relationship between the Pope and the college of cardinals, whose faculty is limited to the election of the pope as a person. They are subject to the Pope in terms of obedience. Arévalo adopts an organic analogy of the body politics in which the Pope is the head of the mystic body of the Church.