Previous studies indicate that the open innovation model is a central operating logic for innovative firms and leading countries in innovation which have developed public support for this open approach. This paper examines the basic premise of this model by analyzing the continuity in using institutional,vertical and horizontal alliances, and the recruitment of skilled R&D personnel over time, and their influence on innovation performance, in 541 Spanish industrial firms. The results show that each external knowledge source has a different impact on innovation, although the simultaneous use of external knowledge sources has apositive effect on innovation performance.
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