The common post-translational modification trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is reversed by gut microbes with the help of hydroxyproline dehydratase (HypD), an enzyme that performs a radical chemical mechanism.

Heterogeneity in perceptual sensitivity of human cone-mediated vision across wavelength originates in the cone photoreceptors, where S cones exhibit distinct functional properties in comparison to L and M cones.

A wide range of bacterial species can switch into a cell wall-free state that does not require the FtsZ-based division machinery to proliferate.

Genomics and genetics were used to identify specialized metabolites employed by Pseudomonas bacteria to suppress the growth of potato pathogens, which revealed a key role for cyclic lipopeptides.

GnT1IP-L is a membrane bound glycoprotein that interacts with MGAT1 in the Golgi, but not in the endoplasmic reticulum, to regulate complex N-glycan synthesis.

Cytotoxicity associated with APOL1 renal-risk variants occurs through its plasma-membrane localization, where aberrant channel activity drives a sustained sodium and calcium influx leading to cell swelling and eventually cell death.

¹H-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 14T reveals a metabolic signature for anti-depressant-like effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in nucleus accumbens of susceptible mouse.

Enteric bacteria associated with bloodstream infections are attracted to human serum through L-serine and the chemoreceptor Tsr, and in an enterohemorrhagic lesion model use chemotaxis to invade damaged vasculature.

Production of the L,D-transpeptidase YcbB and elevated synthesis of the (p)ppGpp alarmone reveals a new mode of peptidoglycan polymerization that bypasses the D,D-transpeptidase activity of PBPs and leads to broad-spectrum β-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli.

Genomic data for the parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis provides the first global picture of the diversity and evolution of the pathogen and the epidemiology of this fatal tropical disease.