沙
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Translingual
Han character
沙 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水火竹 (EFH), four-corner 39120, composition ⿰氵少)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 611, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17212
- Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1562, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6C99
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
沙 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 沙 | |
|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 水 (“water”) + 少 (“to lack; to be short of”).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(s/z)a-j (“earth, sand”). Compare Tibetan ས (sa, “sand”) and Burmese သဲ (sai:, “sand”).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sa1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): са (sa, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): sa1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): sa1
- Eastern Min (BUC): sa / sai
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1so
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sa1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sha
- Wade–Giles: sha1
- Yale: shā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
- Palladius: ша (ša)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sa1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sa
- Sinological IPA (key): /sa⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: са (sa, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sa²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: saa1
- Yale: sā
- Cantonese Pinyin: saa1
- Guangdong Romanization: sa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /saː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sa³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sa⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
- Hakka Romanization System: saˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sa1
- Sinological IPA: /sa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: sa1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sa¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sa / sai
- Sinological IPA (key): /sa⁵⁵/, /sai⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sa - literary;
- sai - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
- Tâi-lô: se
- Phofsit Daibuun: sef
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa
- Tâi-lô: sa
- Phofsit Daibuun: saf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: see
- Tâi-lô: see
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ⁴⁴/
Note:
- soa/se - vernacular;
- sa/see - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sua1 / sa1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sua / sa
- Sinological IPA (key): /sua³³/, /sa³³/
Note:
- sua1 - vernacular;
- sa1 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: srae, sraeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sˤraj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/, /*sraːls/
Definitions
- sand
- something granular
- 豆沙 ― dòushā ― red bean paste
- mushy and rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality.
- (of a voice) hoarse; husky
- (Buddhism) the number 10-8
- Short for 沙皇 (shāhuáng).
- 沙俄 ― Shā'é ― Russian Empire
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shà
- Wade–Giles: sha4
- Yale: shà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shah
- Palladius: ша (ša)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- (dialectal) to shake in order to gather impurities to be removed
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 沙 – see 砂. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 砂). |
Notes:
|
References
- “沙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
沙
Readings
Etymology 1
Noun
Etymology 2
Noun
- small rock
- sand
Etymology 3
Noun
- Number of units, 1 of 100 million parts.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 沙 (MC srae|sraeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 사 (sa) (Yale: sa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 沙 (sa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
- Nom Foundation
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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