View source for 阿

{{also|䧁}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=8}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=170|rad=阜|as=05|sn=8|four=71220|canj=NLMNR|ids=⿰阝可}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[啊]], [[婀]], [[娿]], [[痾]], [[屙]], [[㢌]], [[䋪]], [[錒]]([[锕]])}}
* {{l|mul|[[𡹣]], [[𣶰]], [[𠥍]], [[𫮄]], [[𫕖]], [[𨼼]], [[𨵌]]([[𬮰]])}}
* {{l|mul|[[𮥌]], [[𮀄]], [[𮀫]], [[𭊎]], [[𬯜]], [[𬁭]], [[𬯣]], [[𬯩]]}}

====Descendants====
* [[ア]]
* [[𛀄]]

===Further reading===
* {{Han ref|kx=1348.060|dkj=41599|dj=1850.020|hdz=64119.110|uh=963F|ud=38463|bh=AAFC|bd=43772}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|阜|可|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}: Originally meaning a big mound.

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*ʔa(ŋ/k)-|pos=noun prefix}} (STEDT). Compare {{cog|my|အ-|t=idem}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}, p. 149).
; “atto-”
: Borrowed from {{bor|zh|en|atto-}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=ā,à
|m-s=a1
|m-nj=åq
|c=aa3
|h=pfs=â
|md=ă/ŏ̤
|md_note=ă - vernacular; ŏ̤ - literary
|mn=a/o
|mn_note=a - vernacular; o - literary
|mn-t=a1
|ma=Zh-a.ogg
|w=sh:1a,1u,7aq;sz:1a,1ou,7aeq
|cat=part,pn,v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{n-g|Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects).}}
#: {{alti|zh|亞<q:dated>|牙<q:Hong Kong Cantonese neologism><tr:->}}
#: {{zh-x|阿爸|dad}}
#: {{zh-x|^阿 ^@扁|'''Ah''' Bian ({{w|Chen Shui-bian}})}}
#: {{zh-x|《^阿Q{qiū} ^正傳{zhuàn}》|''{{w|The True Story of Ah Q|The True Story of '''Ah''' Q}}''}}
#* {{zh-x|^阿 ^@珍 愛上 了 ^阿 ^@強 @&nbsp;/&nbsp; 在 一個 有 星星 的 夜晚|A Zhen fell in love with A Qiang / One night under a starlit sky|ref='''2016''', {{lang|zh|仁科}}, {{lang|zh|茂涛}} (lyrics and music), {{lang|zh|《阿珍爱上了阿强》}}, performed by {{lang|zh|五条人}}}}
# {{lb|zh|Hokkien|honorific}} {{n-g|Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms.}}
#: {{zh-x|阿兄|eldest brother|MN}}
# {{alt form|zh|啊|tr=ā, á, ǎ, à, a|pos=particle}}
# {{zh-used2|t}}
#: {{zh-x|^阿根廷|[[w:Argentina|'''Ar'''gentina]]}}
#: {{zh-x|^阿曼|[[w:Oman|'''O'''man]]}}
#: {{zh-x|^阿姆斯特丹|[[w:Amsterdam|'''A'''msterdam]]}}
#: {{zh-x|^阿克拉|[[w:Accra|'''A'''ccra]]}}
#: {{zh-x|^@阿歷山大|'''A'''lexander}}
#: {{zh-x|^阿們|'''a'''men}}
#: {{zh-x|阿米巴|'''a'''moeba}}
#: {{zh-x|阿伯丁|[[w:Aberdeen, Hong Kong|'''A'''berdeen]]|C}}
## {{zh-abbrev|阿富汗|[[Afghanistan]]}}
## {{zh-abbrev|阿爾巴尼亞|[[Albania]]}}
## {{zh-abbrev|阿拉伯|[[Arabic]]}}
# [[atto-]] {{gloss|[[Appendix:SI units|SI unit]] prefix}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|以阿戰爭|打阿老|阿多尼斯|阿爺|阿兄|阿吠斯陀|阿月渾子|阿姆|阿托品|阿毗達磨|阿利曼|阿弟|阿富羅底|阿飛|阿鼻地獄|阿拉|阿戎|阿兜眼|阿姑|阿片|阿洪|阿坶坪|阿芙蓉|阿伐射線|阿那含|阿哥哥|阿里|阿獃|阿拉伯語|紅頭阿三|阿爾金山|阿爸|阿郎雜碎|阿耨多羅|阿瓦|阿母|阿伐蛻變|阿娘|阿物兒|阿爹|阿家|阿父|阿伐粒子|阿馬達|阿拉木汗|鬍子阿姨|阿連|阿鼻|阿監|阿門|阿爾及爾|阿小|阿旁|阿莎力|阿米巴|阿富汗|阿堵物|阿誰|阿美族|阿提密斯|阿爾斯太|阿膠版|阿兵哥|阿叔|阿利安人|阿香|阿阿|阿闍梨|阿里郎|阿郎|阿貓阿狗|阿訇|阿蘭若|阿蘇山|阿薩密省|阿舅|阿育王|阿肯色州|阿耶|阿翁|阿羅漢|阿環|阿特拉斯|阿爾泰山|阿混|阿波羅|阿比|阿檀|阿根廷|阿曼|阿昌族|阿斯匹靈|阿斗|阿拉伯膠|阿拉伯|阿布達比|阿巴丹|阿尼林|阿家翁|阿嬭|阿嬌|阿媽|阿婆|阿姨|阿嚏|阿咸|阿呼地獄|阿呀|阿吽|阿公|阿克蘇|阿修羅|阿也|阿三哥|阿摩尼亞|阿奴|阿堵|阿仙藥|阿毗曇|邁亞美|邁阿密|阿瞞|阿伯|阿必尚|老阿呆|阿馬|阿大|阿伽陀|阿妹|阿姊|阿姆河|阿達|阿勃勒|阿空卡瓜|阿薩姆|阿魯|阿克塞|阿克塞哈薩克族自治縣|阿拉拉夸拉|阿富汗尼|阿諾德|阿亞圖拉|阿胡拉·馬茲達|阿克賽欽|yue:阿妗|阿猴|阿緱|阿塞拜疆|阿蓮|阿里山|阿六仔|阿速坡|nan-hbl:阿山<tr:a-soaⁿ>|nan-hbl:阿啄仔<tr:a-tok-á>|阿Q|阿Sir|阿蛇|阿熱勒|阿拉爾|阿羌|阿克提坎墩|沙特阿拉伯|阿日希|阿其克|英阿瓦提|阿克薩拉依|阿瓦提|阿洪魯庫木|巴依阿瓦提|nan-hbl:阿共仔<tr:a-kiōng-á>|阿依庫勒|阿恰勒|阿合雅|阿克托海|阿恰塔格|阿拉法|阿三|阿拉哈格|阿圖什|阿克陶|阿僧祇|阿奇毛|nan-hbl:阿沙不魯<tr:a-sa-puh-luh>|阿撒不魯|阿撒布魯|阿薩不魯|阿薩布魯|阿迪格|阿迪格語|阿珠媽|阿加西|阿扎西|阿澤西|阿災|阿斯嘉特}}

====See also====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | SI prefix
|-
! Last
!
! Next
|-
| {{l|zh|[[飛]]}}
| {{lang|zh|[[阿]]}}
| {{l|zh|[[介]]/[[仄]]}}
|}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|bor=1|en|Ah}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{zh-l|何}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m-nj=åq
|w=sh:7aq;sz:7aeq
|cat=part
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|Nanjing|Northern Wu|including|Suzhounese Wu}} {{n-g|Interrogative particle}}
#* {{zh-x|倷 阿 是 蘇州 人？|Are you Suzhounese?|tr=6ne&7aeq zy6&1sou tseu1 gnin2|W-SZ}}
#* {{zh-x|你 阿 是 先生？|Are you a teacher?|tr=Lǐ åq shiī siènsen?|M-NJ}}
#* {{zh-x|阿 要 辣油 啊？|[Do you] need chili oil?|M-NJ}}
#* {{zh-x|倷 阿 姓 趙？|Is your surname Chao?|tr=6ne&7aeq sin5&6zau|W-SZ|ref='''1993''', {{lang|zh|蘇州方言詞典}}, page 20}}

===Etymology 3===

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=ē
|c=o1
|md=ŏ̤
|mn=o/qz,tw:o͘
|mn_note=Quanzhou: o - vernacular; o͘ - literary
|mn-t=o1
|w=sh:1o
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=part,pn,v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[big]] [[mound]]; [[mountain]]
# [[hillside]]
# [[fine]] [[silks]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|of a mountain or stream}} [[bend]]; [[corner]]
# [[waterside]]
# [[nearby]]; [[near]]
# to [[flatter]]; to [[pander]] to
#: {{zh-x|阿{ē}諛奉承|sweet-talking}}
# to be [[unfairly]] [[partial]] to
# {{alt form|zh|屙|t=to excrete}}
# {{surname|zh}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|倒持泰阿|不阿|依阿兩可|太阿|太阿之柄|依阿取容|卷阿|守正不阿|奉公不阿|剛正不阿|崇阿|山阿|太阿在握|執法不阿|偏阿|太阿倒持|歙漆阿膠|打悲阿|柴立不阿|曲學阿世|方正不阿|持正不阿|泰阿|泰阿倒持|阿屎|阿諛逢迎|阿諛|阿附|阿諛趨奉|阿諂|阿房宮賦|阿匼|阿巴桑|阿是穴|阿衡|阿其所好|阿房宮|阿彌陀佛|阿保之功|阿邑|阿諛順旨|陽阿|阿黨|阿閣|阿諛順意|阿諛奉承|阿諛取容|阿膠|阿私|阿意順旨|阿意曲從|阿彌陀經|阿尊事貴|阿媚|阿好|阿保之勞|阿保|阿井|阿魏|迎阿|阿金溺銀|阿順取容|纖阿|阿房}}

====Descendants====
{{CJKV||あ|아}}

{{cat|cmn|Elementary Mandarin}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=n|rs=阜05}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings|goon=あ|kanon=あ|kun=くま-, おもね-る|nanori=お, くま}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|あ|yomi=o}}
From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=あ|-}} {{ltc-l|阿}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|あ}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|あ}}

# The first letter of Sanskrit, [[अ]] (''a'').

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|阿%字|あ%じ}}
* {{ja-r|阿%吽|あ%うん}}

=====See also=====
* {{ja-r|吽|うん}}
* {{ja-r|梵%字|ぼん%じ}}

====Affix====
{{ja-pos|affix|あ}}

# to [[flatter]]; to [[pander]] to
# [[ridge]] (of [[roof]]); [[eaves]]
# {{n-g|A prefix expressing familiarity.}}
# {{n-g|Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit.}}
# {{short for|ja|アフリカ||[[Africa]]|tr=Afurika}}
# {{short for|ja|阿波国||[[Awa]] Province|tr=Awa no kuni}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top|to flatter; to pander to}}
* {{ja-r|阿%諛|あ%ゆ|[[flattery]]}}
{{der-bottom}}

{{der-top|phonetic element}}
* {{ja-r|阿%修%羅|あ%しゅ%ら|[[Asura]]}}
* {{ja-r|阿%僧%祇|あ%そう%ぎ|{{w|Asaṃkhyeya}}}}
* {{ja-r|阿%毘%達%磨|あ%び%だつ%ま|[[Abhidharma]]}}
* {{ja-r|阿弗利加|アフリカ|[[Africa]]}}
* {{ja-r|阿%片|あ%へん|[[opium]]}}
* {{ja-r|阿%弥%陀|あ%み%だ|[[Amitābha]]}}
* {{ja-r|阿%蘭%陀|オ%ラン%ダ|[[Holland]]; The [[Netherlands]]}}
{{der-bottom}}

{{der-top|others}}
* {{ja-r|阿%呆|あ%ほう}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|くま|yomi=kun}}
{{ja-see|くま}}

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|언덕|아}}<br>
{{ko-hanja|호칭|옥}}

# {{rfdef|ko|sort=阜05}}

====Compounds====
* {{ko-l|아편|阿片}}

===References===
* [https://hanja.dict.naver.com/#/entry/ccko/ceeafb34a9824af6b549a6e5194cce3e Naver Hanja Dictionary: 阿]

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|hanviet=a,á|nom=a,à|rs=阜05}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=阜05}}

===References===
* [http://nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=963F Nom Foundation]