View source for -nen

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "nen"}}
==Finnish==

===Etymology===
Originally a variant form of {{from|fi|-inen}}. The ''-i-'' was dropped in certain dialects, particularly nouns with more than two syllables prior to the suffix. The distinction between using {{m|fi||-nen}} for nouns (including nouns with two or fewer syllables in the root) and {{m|fi|-inen}} for adjectives is a later literary invention, resulting in what were originally two variants of the same suffix being artificially separated in meaning.<ref>{{R:fi:SKRK}}</ref>

===Suffix===
{{fi-suffix|noun}}

# {{non-gloss|Forms [[diminutive]] nouns or terms expressing affection.}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|lapsi|t1=child|lapsonen|t2=kid}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|pala|t1=piece|palanen|t2=small piece}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|kulta|t1=gold, dear|kultanen|t2=darling}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|tuuli|t1=wind|tuulonen|t2=gentle wind, breeze}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|Ukko|t1=the God of Thunder|ukkonen|t2=thunder}}
# {{non-gloss|Forms [[surname]]s of association (surnames of [[w:Virtanen type]]), by now devoid of meaning.}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|virta|t1=river|Virtanen}}
# {{lb|fi|colloquial|dialectal}} {{alt form|fi|-inen}}.

====Usage notes====
* Surnames ending in {{m|fi||-nen}} were first recorded in [[Savonia]] (and to a somewhat lessex extent [[Karelia]]) in the early 16th century, with {{m|fi||-nen}} affixed to nicknames ({{m|fi|Korhonen}}) and vernacular forms of given names ({{m|fi|Heikkinen}}) after the ancestor or patriarch of a family. In the 19th century surnames were required of all Finns, and many new names were created by adding {{m|fi||-nen}} to topographic terms ({{m|fi|Ahonen}}) and to words describing natural phenomena ({{m|fi|Aaltonen}}).
** 38% of Finns had a surname ending in {{m|fi||-nen}} in 1985.
* Should not be confused with {{m|fi|-inen}} with which it may be conflated in colloquial speech and some dialects. For example, {{m|fi||keltanen}} may appear to be {{m|fi|kelta}} + {{m|fi||-nen}}, but is actually a colloquial form of {{m|fi||keltainen}}, itself {{m|fi||kelta}} + {{m|fi||-inen}}.
* As with {{m|fi|-inen}}, {{m|fi||-nen}} nominals have a combining form that replace the suffix with an {{m|fi||-s-}}, which is used whenever they are followed by another part in a compound word: e.g. {{m|fi|ukkonen}} (> {{m|fi||ukkos-}}) + {{m|fi|myrsky}} = {{m|fi|ukkosmyrsky}}.

====Declension====
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
{{fi-decl-nainen|-|a}}
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
{{fi-decl-nainen|-|ä}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|fi}}
{{col-auto|fi
|-sten
}}

{{col-auto|fi|title=compounds
|aasiantöpökerttunen
|lasisiipinen
}}

====See also====
* {{l|fi|-inen}}
* {{l|fi|-lainen}}
* {{l|fi|-llinen}}
* {{l|fi|-mainen}}

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* Sirkka Paikkala: ''Se tavallinen Virtanen'', SKS 959 (2004), {{ISBN|951-746-567-X}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|fi|a=enn|-nne}}

{{cln|fi|diminutive suffixes}}

==Japanese==

===Romanization===
{{ja-romaji}}

# {{ja-romanization of|ねん}}