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finir

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See also: finîr

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan fenir (perhaps later influenced by fin), from Latin fīnīre.

Pronunciation

Verb

finir (first-person singular present fineixo, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finit)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to end, finish, conclude
    Synonyms: acabar, finalitzar, finar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir (third conjugation, with -eix-)
infinitive finir
gerund finint
past participle masculine feminine
singular finit finida
plural finits finides
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present fineixo fineixes fineix finim finiu fineixen
imperfect finia finies finia finíem finíeu finien
future finiré finiràs finirà finirem finireu finiran
preterite finí finires finí finírem finíreu finiren
conditional finiria finiries finiria finiríem finiríeu finirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present fineixi fineixis fineixi finim finiu fineixin
imperfect finís finissis finís finíssim finíssiu finissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — fineix fineixi finim finiu fineixin
negative (no) — no fineixis no fineixi no finim no finiu no fineixin

Further reading

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French finir, from Middle French fenir (altered by association with fin), from Latin fīnīre.

Pronunciation

Verb

finir

  1. to finish, end, complete
    J’ai fini les devoirs hier.
    I finished the homework yesterday.

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like nourrir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of finir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple finir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple finissant
/fi.ni.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle fini
/fi.ni/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present finis
/fi.ni/ 		finis
/fi.ni/ 		finit
/fi.ni/ 		finissons
/fi.ni.sɔ̃/ 		finissez
/fi.ni.se/ 		finissent
/fi.nis/
imperfect finissais
/fi.ni.sɛ/ 		finissais
/fi.ni.sɛ/ 		finissait
/fi.ni.sɛ/ 		finissions
/fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ 		finissiez
/fi.ni.sje/ 		finissaient
/fi.ni.sɛ/
past historic2 finis
/fi.ni/ 		finis
/fi.ni/ 		finit
/fi.ni/ 		finîmes
/fi.nim/ 		finîtes
/fi.nit/ 		finirent
/fi.niʁ/
future finirai
/fi.ni.ʁe/ 		finiras
/fi.ni.ʁa/ 		finira
/fi.ni.ʁa/ 		finirons
/fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/ 		finirez
/fi.ni.ʁe/ 		finiront
/fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/
conditional finirais
/fi.ni.ʁɛ/ 		finirais
/fi.ni.ʁɛ/ 		finirait
/fi.ni.ʁɛ/ 		finirions
/fi.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ 		finiriez
/fi.ni.ʁje/ 		finiraient
/fi.ni.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present finisse
/fi.nis/ 		finisses
/fi.nis/ 		finisse
/fi.nis/ 		finissions
/fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ 		finissiez
/fi.ni.sje/ 		finissent
/fi.nis/
imperfect2 finisse
/fi.nis/ 		finisses
/fi.nis/ 		finît
/fi.ni/ 		finissions
/fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ 		finissiez
/fi.ni.sje/ 		finissent
/fi.nis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — finis
/fi.ni/ 		— finissons
/fi.ni.sɔ̃/ 		finissez
/fi.ni.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Ido

Pronunciation

Verb

finir

  1. past infinitive of finar

Interlingua

Etymology

From French.

Verb

finir

  1. to finish

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir
infinitive finir
participle present perfect
finiente finite
active simple perfect
present fini ha finite
past finiva habeva finite
future finira habera finite
conditional finirea haberea finite
imperative fini
passive simple perfect
present es finite ha essite finite
past esseva finite habeva essite finite
future essera finite habera essite finite
conditional esserea finite haberea essite finite
imperative sia finite

Middle French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French finir.

Verb

finir

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to finish; to end
    Synonym: achever

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of finir
infinitive simple finir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple finissant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle fini
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present finis finis finit finissons finissez finissent
imperfect finissois, finissoys finissois, finissoys finissoit, finissoyt finissions finissiez finissoient, finissoyent
past historic finis finis finit finismes finistes finirent
future finirai, finiray finiras finira finirons finirez finiront
conditional finirois, finiroys finirois, finiroys finiroit, finiroyt finirions finiriez finiroient, finiroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present finisse finisses finisse finissions finissiez finissent
imperfect finisse finisses finist finissions finissiez finissent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — finis — finissons finissez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: finir

References

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (finir, supplement)

Norman

Etymology

From Old French finir, from Latin fīnīre.

Pronunciation

Verb

finir

  1. to finish
    Antonym: coumenchier

Conjugation

    Conjugation of the verb « finir » in Norman
infinitive finir
gerund finissant
auxiliary aveir1
past participle masculine feminine
singular fini finie
plural finis finies
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative je (j') tu (t') il, alle,
nos 		je
(nos) 		vos il, alles
present finis finis finit finissoms finissez finissent
imperfect finisseis finisseis finisseit finissioms finissiez finisseient
preterite finis finis finit finîmes finîtes finîtrent
future finirai finiras finira finiroms finirez finiront
conditional finireis finireis finireit finirioms finiriez finireient
subjunctive que je (j') que te (t') qu'il, qu'alle,
que nos 		que je
(que nos) 		que vos qu'il, qu'alles
present finisse finisses finisse finissioms finissiez finissent
imperfect finisse finisse finît
finisse 		finissioms finissiez finissent
imperative — tu — je
(nos) 		vos —
finis finissoms finissez
1Used with past participles.

Old French

Verb

finir

  1. Alternative form of finer

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of finir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive finir avoir fini
gerund en finissant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle finissant
past participle fini
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present finis finis finist finissons finissez finissent
imperfect finissoie, finisseie finissoies, finisseies finissoit, finisseit finissiiens, finissiens finissiiez, finissiez finissoient, finisseient
preterite fini finis fini finimes finistes finirent
future finirai finiras finira finirons finiroiz, finireiz, finirez finiront
conditional finiroie, finireie finiroies, finireies finiroit, finireit finiriiens, finiriens finiriiez, finiriez finiroient, finireient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present finisse finisses finisse finissons finissez finissent
imperfect finisse finisses finist finissons, finissiens finissoiz, finissez, finissiez finissent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— finis — finissons finissez —

Poitevin-Saintongeais

Etymology

Inherited from Old French fenir, from Latin finire.

Verb

finir

  1. to end, finish

References

  • Piveteau, Vianney (1996) Dicopoitevin‎[1] (in French)

Spanish

Etymology

From an alteration of Old Spanish fenir (influenced by fin), from Latin fīnīre. Cf. also the doublet fenecer.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fiˈniɾ/ [fiˈniɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Syllabification: fi‧nir

Verb

finir (first-person singular present fino, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finido)

  1. (intransitive, Colombia) to end
    Synonyms: acabar, finalizar, terminar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive finir
gerund finiendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular finido finida
plural finidos finidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present fino finestú
finísvos 		fine finimos finís finen
imperfect finía finías finía finíamos finíais finían
preterite finí finiste finió finimos finisteis finieron
future finiré finirás finirá finiremos finiréis finirán
conditional finiría finirías finiría finiríamos finiríais finirían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present fina finastú
finásvos2 		fina finamos fináis finan
imperfect
(ra) 		finiera finieras finiera finiéramos finierais finieran
imperfect
(se) 		finiese finieses finiese finiésemos finieseis finiesen
future1 finiere finieres finiere finiéremos finiereis finieren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative finetú
finívos 		fina finamos finid finan
negative no finas no fina no finamos no fináis no finan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

Venetan

Etymology

From Latin fīnīre. Compare Italian finire.

Verb

finir

  1. (transitive) to finish, end, complete

Conjugation

  • Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of finir (third conjugation)
infinitive finir
auxiliary verb aver gerund finéndo
past participle finito, finìo
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present finiso (te) finisi (el/ła) finise finimo finì (i/łe) finise
imperfect finìa (te) finivi (el/ła) finìa finìvimo finivi (i/łe) finìa
future finirò (te) finirè (el/ła) finirà finirémo finirè (i/łe) finirà
conditional mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present finirìa (te) finirisi (el/ła) finirìa finirìsimo finirisi (i/łe) finirìa
subjunctive che mi che ti che eło / eła che noialtri / noialtre che voialtri / voialtre che łuri / łore
present finisa (te) finisi (el/ła) finisa finimo finì (i/łe) finisa
imperfect finise (te) finisi (el/ła) finise finisimo finisi (i/łe) finise
imperative — ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
— (te) finisi (el/ła) finisa finimo finì (i/łe) finisa
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