View source for gall

{{also|gäll|Gall}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɔːl/}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gall.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɑl/|a=cot-caught}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɔːl|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|Gaul}}

===Etymology 1===
{{etymid|en|bile}}
{{root|en|ine-pro|*ǵʰelh₃-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|galle}}, from {{inh|en|ang|ġealla}}, {{m|ang|galla}},<ref name=OED1/> from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*gallā}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*gallǭ}}.

The figurative senses (e.g., impudence, brazenness, chutzpah) are related to the literal sense (i.e., bile) via the lasting {{l|en|linguocultural#Adjective}} effects of {{l|en|humorism#Noun}}, which governed Western medicine for many centuries before the advent of scientific medicine.

Related to {{cog|nl|gal}}, {{cog|de|Galle}}, {{cog|sv|galle}}, {{m|sv|galla}}, {{cog|grc|χολή}}. Also remotely related with {{m|en|yellow}}.<ref name=OED1>{{R:OED Online|id=2075163754|pos=''n.''{{sup|1}}|noformat=1}}</ref>

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{senseid|en|impudence, brazenness, temerity}} {{lb|en|uncountable}} [[impudence|Impudence]] or [[brazen]]ness; [[temerity]], [[chutzpah]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1917|author=w:Edgar Rice Burroughs|title=s:The Oakdale Affair|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811201712/http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/ot2www-pubeng?specfile=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fpublicsearch%2Fmodengpub.o2w|chapter=6
|passage=“Durn ye!” he cried. “I’ll lam ye! Get offen here. I knows ye. Yer one o’ that gang o’ bums that come here last night, an’ now you got the '''gall''' to come back beggin’ for food, eh? I’ll lam ye!” and he raised the gun to his shoulder.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Exercises of class day of the senior class, Tuesday, June 23, 1891| year=1891| passage=Prichard, while keeping school, had the unmitigated '''gall''' to teach Greek, although he had never studied the subject.| page=33| pageurl=https://archive.org/details/exercisesofclass1891dart/page/32/mode/2up?q=%22unmitigated+gall%22}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Teheran: Our Path in War and Peace|year=1944| passage=In July 1938, that was sufficient to call down contempt and hatred on us, and brand us as men of unmitigated '''gall'''.| page=55| pageurl=https://archive.org/details/browder-teheran/page/n55/mode/2up?q=%22unmitigated+gall%22}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=How to live with a calculating cat|year=1962|passage=It requires the cunning of a chess master, the planning of a field marshal, the adroitness and polish of a premier of France, or, failing these, the sheer, unmitigated '''gall''' of your door-to-door salesman.| page=47| pageurl=https://archive.org/details/lccn_62016653/page/n47/mode/2up?q=%22unmitigated+gall%22}}
# {{lb|en|anatomy|dated|countable}} A [[gallbladder]].
#* {{RQ:King James Version|Job|20|24–25|passage=He shall flee from the iron weapon and the bow of steel shall strike him through. It is drawn and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his '''gall'''.}}
# {{lb|en|physiology|archaic|uncountable}} [[bile|Bile]], especially that of an animal; the [[greenish]], profoundly [[bitter]]-tasting fluid found in [[bile duct]]s and [[gall bladder]]s, structures associated with the [[liver]].
# {{lb|en|figurative|uncountable}} Great [[misery]] or physical [[suffering]], likened to the bitterest-tasting of substances.
#* {{RQ:King James Version|Deuteronomy|29|18|passage=Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the LORD our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth [['''gall''' and wormwood]];}}
#* {{RQ:Dryden The Art of Poetry|passage=The stage its ancient fury thus let fall, / And comedy diverted without '''gall'''.}}
#* {{RQ:Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights|chapter=XIV|passage={{...}} I hated him with a hatred that turned my life to '''gall''' {{...}}}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|en|gallbladder|gall-less|gallstone|oxgall|gall and wormwood|vent one's gall|gall-of-the-earth}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|impudence or brazenness}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|нахалство|n|sc=Cyrl}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|lef|n}}, {{t+|nl|durf|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|röyhkeys}}, {{t+|fi|otsa}}
* French: {{t+|fr|culot|m}}, {{t+|fr|effronterie|f}}, {{t+|fr|toupet|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|კადნიერება}}, {{t+|ka|თავხედობა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Frechheit|f}}, {{t+|de|Unverfrorenheit|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|θράσος|n}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|brusaireacht|f}}, {{t|ga|dánacht|f}}, {{t|ga|coráiste|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|impudência|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|tupeu|n}}, {{t+|ro|impertinență|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|descaro|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|fräckhet}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|gall bladder}}

{{trans-see|bile}}

{{trans-top|great misery or physical suffering}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|gal|m}}, {{t+|nl|leed|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|piina}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ნაღველი}}, {{t|ka|მწუხარება}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πίκρα|f}}, {{t+|el|χολή|f}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|paoa}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|miséria|f}}, {{t+|pt|penúria|f}}, {{t+|pt|amargura|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|mizerie|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|penuria|f}}, {{t+|es|doloroso|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|galle}}, from {{inh|en|ang|gealla|t=a fretted spot on the skin}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*gallō}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*gallô|t=infirmity, swelling, lesion}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|countable}} A sore on a horse caused by an ill-[[fit]]ted or ill-[[adjust]]ed [[saddle]]; a [[saddle sore]].
#* '''1989''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20061010171740/http://www.cdc.gov/nasd/docs/d000001-d000100/d000027/d000027.html National Ag Safety Database (Centers for Disease Control)]
#*: Riding a horse with bruised or broken skin can cause a '''gall''', which frequently results in the white saddle marks seen on the withers and backs of some horses.
# {{lb|en|pathology|countable}} A [[sore]] or open wound caused by [[chafing]], which may become infected, as with a [[blister]].
#* {{RQ:Whitman Leaves of Grass|chapter=Song of Myself|passage=And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes and his awkwardness, / And remember putting plasters on the '''galls''' of his neck and ankles;}}
# {{lb|en|figurative|uncountable}} A feeling of [[exasperation]].
#* {{RQ:Marlowe Tamburlaine|part=1|scene=i|page=17|passage=Thou ſhalt be leader of this thouſand horſe,<br>Whoſe foming '''galle''' with rage and high diſdaine,<br>Haue ſworne the death of wicked ''Tamburlaine''.}}
#* {{RQ:Wollstonecraft Vindication Women|210|passage=It moves my '''gall''' to hear a preacher descanting on dress and needle-work; and still more, to hear him address the British fair, the fairest of the fair, as if they had only feelings.}}
#* {{quote-song|en|author=w:Bob Dylan|title=w:Visions of Johanna|year=1966|album=Blonde on Blonde|passage=He's sure got a lotta '''gall''' / To be so useless and all / Muttering small talk at the wall while I'm in the hall}}
# {{lb|en|countable|technical}} A [[pit]] on a surface being cut caused by the [[friction]] between the two surfaces exceeding the [[bond]] of the material at a point.

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|en|navel gall|water-gall}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|sore on a horse}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|schaafwonde|f}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|lyöttymä}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παράτριμμα|n}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|mairc|f}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|یاغیر|tr=yağır}}, {{t|ota|جداو|tr=cıdav}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|yağır}}, {{t+|tr|cıdağı}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|sore or open wound caused by chafing}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|ожулване|n}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|schaafwonde|f}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|hankauma}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|esfoladura|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παράτριμμα|n}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|mairc|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|esfolamento|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|rosătură|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|feeling of exasperation}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|suuttumus}}, {{t+|fi|katkeruus}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|χολή|f}}, {{t+|el|χόλιασμα|n}}, {{t+|el|πίκρα|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|exasperação|f}}, {{t+|pt|exaspero|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|exasperare|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|pit caused on a surface caused by friction between the surfaces}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|hankauma}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|истира́ние|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|ergative}} To [[chafe]], to [[rub]] or subject to [[friction]]; to create a [[sore]] on the skin.
#* {{RQ:Defoe Crusoe|passage={{...}} he went awkwardly in these clothes at first: wearing the drawers was very awkward to him, and the sleeves of the waistcoat '''galled''' his shoulders and the inside of his arms; but a little easing them where he complained they hurt him, and using himself to them, he took to them at length very well.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|figurative}} To [[bother#Verb|bother]] or [[trouble#Verb|trouble]].
#* {{RQ:Stevenson Treasure Island|chapter=‘Pieces of Eight’|page=219|passage=I went below, and did what I could for my wound; it pained me a good deal, and still bled freely; but it was neither deep nor dangerous, nor did it greatly '''gall''' me when I used my arm.}}
#* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=15|passage=Edward Churchill still attended to his work in a hopeless mechanical manner like a sleep-walker who walks safely on a well-known round. But his Roman collar '''galled''' him, his cossack stifled him, his biretta was as uncomfortable as a merry-andrew's cap and bells.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|figurative}} To [[harass]], to [[harry]], often with the intent to cause injury.
#* '''June 24, 1778''', {{w|George Washington}}, ''The Writings of George Washington From the Original Manuscript Sources: [https://web.archive.org/web/20140811201712/http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/ot2www-pubeng?specfile=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fpublicsearch%2Fmodengpub.o2w Volume 12], 1745–1799''
#*: The disposition for these detachments is as follows – Morgans corps, to gain the enemy’s right flank; Maxwells brigade to hang on their left. Brigadier Genl. Scott is now marching with a very respectable detachment destined to '''gall''' the enemys left flank and rear.
# {{lb|en|transitive|figurative}} To [[exasperate]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=1979|author=w:Mark Bowden|title=Captivity Pageant|journal=The Atlantic|volume=296|issue=5|month=December|titleurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516012032/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200512/december-1979/4|pages=92–97
|passage=Metrinko was hungry, but he was '''galled''' by how self-congratulatory his captors seemed, how generous and noble and proudly Islamic.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|technical}} To cause pitting on a surface being cut from the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point.
#: {{ux|en|Improper cooling and a dull milling cutter on titanium can '''gall''' the surface.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|obsolete|rare}} To [[scoff]]; to [[jeer]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 5|5|1|passage= I have seen you gleeking and '''galling''' at this gentleman twice or thrice. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to chafe}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|протривам|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|bg|ожулвам|sc=Cyrl}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|schaven}}, {{t+|nl|wrijven}}, {{t+|nl|storen}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|hiertää}}
* German: {{t|de|wundreiben}}, {{t|de|wundscheuern}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|esfolar}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|zgâria}}, {{t+|ro|roade}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|skava}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|натирати|impf}}, {{t|uk|натерти|pf}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to trouble or bother}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|дразня|sc=Cyrl}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|storen}}, {{t+|nl|lastigvallen}}, {{t+|nl|ambeteren}} {{qualifier|Flemish}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vaivata}}, {{t+|fi|sapettaa}}
* French: {{t+|fr|déranger}}, {{t+|fr|gêner}}, {{t+|fr|troubler}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|შეწუხება}}, {{t|ka|გაღიზიანება}}
* German: {{t+|de|stören}}, {{t|de|lästigfallen}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|incomodar}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|deranja}}, {{t+|ro|incomoda}}, {{t+|ro|enerva}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|incomodar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to harass, harry}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|storen}}, {{t+|nl|lastigvallen}}, {{t+|nl|ambeteren}} {{qualifier|Flemish}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|häiritä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|harceler}}
* German: {{t+|de|belästigen}}, {{t+|de|schikanieren}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|atormentar}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|tracasa}}, {{t+|ro|molesta}}, {{t+|ro|sâcâi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to exasperate}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|exasperar}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|storen}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ärsyttää}}, {{t+|fi|suututtaa}}
* French: {{t+|fr|exaspérer}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|გაღიზიანება}}, {{t|ka|გულის გაწყალება}}
* German: {{t+|de|ärgern}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|exasperar}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|exasperar}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|exaspera}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|exasperar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to cause pitting on a surface}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
{{etymid|en|plant disease}}
From {{inh|en|enm|galle}}, from {{der|en|fro|galle}}, from {{der|en|la|galla||oak-apple}}.<ref>{{R:AHD}}</ref><ref>{{R:MED|id=MED18118|entry=galle|pos=n.(3)|noformat=yes}}</ref>
[[File:Gallfly galls.jpg|right|thumb|Galls on a dried leaf.]]

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|plant disease}} A [[blister]] or [[tumor]]-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various [[pathogen]]s, especially the [[burrow]]ing of [[insect]] [[larva]]e into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak [[gall wasp]] ({{taxlink|Cynips quercusfolii|species}}).
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1974|editor=Philip P. Wiener|title=Dictionary of the History of Ideas|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907131636/http://etext.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv2-34
|passage=Even so, Redi retained a belief that in certain other cases—the origin of parasites inside the human or animal body or of grubs inside of oak '''galls'''—there must be spontaneous generation. Bit by bit the evidence grew against such views. In 1670 Jan Swammerdam, painstaking student of the insect’s life cycle, suggested that the grubs in '''galls''' were enclosed in them for the sake of nourishment and must come from insects that had inserted their semen or their eggs into the plants.}}
# A [[bump]]-like [[imperfection]] resembling a gall.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1653|author=w:Izaak Walton|title=s:The Compleat Angler|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811201712/http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/ot2www-pubeng?specfile=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fpublicsearch%2Fmodengpub.o2w|chapter=21
|passage=But first for your Line. First note, that you are to take care that your hair be round and clear, and free from '''galls''', or scabs, or frets: for a well- chosen, even, clear, round hair, of a kind of glass-colour, will prove as strong as three uneven scabby hairs that are ill-chosen, and full of '''galls''' or unevenness. You shall seldom find a black hair but it is round, but many white are flat and uneven; therefore, if you get a lock of right, round, clear, glass-colour hair, make much of it.}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|nutgall}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|en|Aleppo gall|apple gall|artichoke gall|bedeguar gall|beech gall|cane gall|Chinese gall|cola-nut gall|coral gall|cranberry gall|crown gall|cup gall|currant gall|cypress gall|elm gall|filbert gall|fungus gall|gallapple|gall gnat|gall midge|gall mite|gall wasp|gallfly|gallic|gallnut|goldenrod gall|gouty gall|horned oak gall|knee gall|knopper gall|leaf-gall|marble gall|meadowsweet rust gall|mossy rose gall|nutgall|oak gall|pineapple gall|pithy gall|plant gall|pocket plum gall|rams horn gall|red pae gall|rind gall|root gall|rose gall|seed gall|stem gall|tomato gall|trumpet gall|Turkish gall|twig gall|vine gall|willow gall|witch-hazel cone gall|wound gall|gallflower|gall oak||gall of glass|gall-nut ink|iron-gall ink}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|գխտոր}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|gala|f}}, {{t+|ca|agalla|f}}
* Chichewa: {{t|ny|ndulu}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|癭}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|hálka|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|gal|m}}, {{t|nl|galknobbel|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|äkämä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|galle|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|bugalla|f}}, {{t+|gl|bugallo|m}}, {{t|gl|bullaca|f}}, {{t|gl|bullaco|m}}, {{t|gl|carrabouxa|f}}, {{t+|gl|carrabouxo|m}}, {{t|gl|cecidio|m}}, {{t+|gl|coco|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Galle|f}}, {{t+|de|Gallapfel|m}}, {{t|de|Pflanzengalle|f}}, {{t+|de|Zezidie|f}}, {{t|de|Cecidie|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|עפץ|m|tr=afáts|alt=עפץ / עָָפָץ}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|galla|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|虫癭|tr=ちゅうえい, chūei|sc=Jpan}}, {{t|ja|虫瘤|tr=むしこぶ, mushikobu|sc=Jpan}}
* Latin: {{t|la|galla|f}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|مازو|tr=mazu, mazı}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|galas|m}}, {{t|pl|galasówka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|agalha|f}}, {{t+|pt|bugalha|f}}, {{t+|pt|bugalho|m}}, {{t|pt|cecídia|f}}, {{t|pt|cecídio|m}}, {{t+|pt|galha|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|gală|f}}, {{t+|ro|cecidie|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|галл|m}}, {{t|ru|черни́льный оре́шек|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|šiška|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|agalla|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|mazı}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|гал|m}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|darafal}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|bump-like imperfection}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|knoop|m}}, {{t+|nl|knobbel|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|äkämä}}, {{t+|fi|patti}}, {{t+|fi|möykky}}, {{t+|fi|takku}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|όζος|m}}, {{t+|el|εξόγκωμα|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|galo|m}}, {{t+|pt|calombo|m}}
* ǃXóõ: {{t|nmn|gǁkxʻáã}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[impregnate]] with a [[decoction]] of [[gallnut]]s in [[dye]]ing.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1815|author=Thomas Cooper|title=A Practical Treatise on Dyeing, and Callicoe Printing|passage=Raw silk is not '''galled''', it is dyed at once in the black without any preparation : the liquor should be hot}}

===See also===
* {{l|en|gall dang}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

{{C|en|Bodily fluids|Injuries}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ca|la|gallus}}. Compare {{cog|oc|gal}}, {{cog|fro|jal}}, {{cog|es|gallo}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-gall.wav}}
* {{rhymes|ca|aʎ}}

===Noun===
{{ca-noun|m}}

# [[rooster]], [[cock]]
# [[John Dory]]
#: {{syn|ca|gall marí}}

====Derived terms====
{{der3|ca
|fer el gall
|gall de baralla
|gall dindi
|gall fer
|gall nival
|gallejar
|galler
|gallaret
|pes gall
}}

===See also===
* {{l|ca|gallina}}

===References===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}
* {{R:ca:DNV}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

{{C|ca|Fish|Poultry}}

==Hungarian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|gall}}
* {{rhymes|hu|ɒlː|s=1}}

===Adjective===
{{hu-adj|-}}

# [[Gallic]] {{gloss|of or pertaining to [[Gaul]], its people or language}}

====Declension====
{{hu-infl-nom|gallo|o|-|esm_sg=y}}

===Noun===
{{hu-noun|~|ok}}

# [[Gaul]] (person)
# [[Gaul]] (language)

====Declension====
{{hu-infl-nom|gallo|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|gall|j|jai}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|hu|Gallia}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ErtSz}}
* {{R:Nagyszotar}}

{{topics|hu|Languages|Nationalities}}

==Icelandic==

===Verb===
{{head|is|verb form}} {{qualifier|strong}}

# {{verb form of|is|gjalla||1s|past|ind}}
# {{verb form of|is|gjalla||3s|past|ind}}

==Irish==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ga|/ɡɑ(ː)l̪ˠ/|a=Aran|ref={{R:ga:Finck|II|120}}}}
* {{IPA|ga|/ɡɑːl̪ˠ/|a=Cois Fharraige}}
* {{IPA|ga|/ɡal̪ˠ/|a=Ulster|ref={{R:ga:Quiggin|79|206}}}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|ga|mga|gall||foreigner}}, from {{der|ga|la|Gallus||a Gaul}}.  Cognate with {{cog|gd|gall}} and {{cog|gv|goal}}.

====Noun====
{{ga-noun|m|gaill|gaill}}

# [[foreigner]]
# {{lb|ga|pejorative}} [[Anglify|Anglified]] [[Irish]] person

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|ga|camán gall|t=chervil}}
* {{l|ga|gallda}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|ga|Gall}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{ga-noun|m|gaill|gaill}}

# {{alternative form of|ga|gallán}}

===Declension===
{{ga-decl-m1|g|all|aill}}

===Mutation===
{{ga-mut}}

===References===
{{reflist|size=smaller}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ga:Ó Dónaill}}
* {{R:ga:EID}}
* {{R:ga:NEID}}

{{C|ga|People}}

==Middle Irish==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|mga|la|Gallus|t=a Gaul}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|mga|[ɡal͈]}}

===Noun===
{{mga-noun|m|gaill|gaill}}

# [[foreigner]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ga|gall}}
* {{desc|gv|goal}}
* {{desc|gd|gall}}

===Mutation===
{{mga-mutation|g|all}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:DIL|head=1 Gall|25308}}

==Scottish Gaelic==

===Noun===
{{gd-noun|g=m|gen=goill|pl=goill}}

# {{alternative case form of|gd|Gall}}

==Uzbek==

===Noun===
{{uz-noun}}

# [[Gaul]] (person)

====Derived terms====
* {{l|uz|galcha}}

===Adjective===
{{uz-adj}}

# [[Gaulish]]
#: {{usex|uz|'''gall''' tili|the Gaulish language}}

==Welsh==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|cy|geill}} {{qualifier|literary, third-person singular present/future}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cy|/ɡaɬ/|a=cy-N}}<ref>{{R:cy:Morris Jones|section=51 v}}</ref>
* {{IPA|cy|/ɡaːɬ/|/ɡaɬ/|a=cy-S}}
* {{rhymes|cy|aɬ|s=1}}

===Verb===
{{cy-verb form}}

# {{inflection of|cy|gallu||3|s|pres//fut|;|{{lb|cy|literary|rare}}|2|s|impr}}

===Mutation===
{{cy-mut}}

===References===
<references />