os

See also: Appendix:Variations of "os"

Languages (38)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

os

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Ossetian.

See also

• Wiktionary's coverage of Ossetian terms

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin os (“a bone”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɒs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑs/
• Rhymes: -ɒs

Noun

os (plural ossa)

1. (anatomy) Synonym of bone.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing the great Address of the Landlady; the great Learning of a Surgeon, and the solid Skill in Casuistry of the worthy Lieutenant”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII, page 109:

     I was once, I remember, called to a Patient, who had received a violent Contuſion in his Tibia, by which the exterior Cutis was lacerated, ſo that there was a profuſe ſanguinary Diſcharge; and the interior Membranes were ſo divellicated, that the Os or Bone very plainly appeared through the Aperture of the Vulnus or Wound.

Usage notes

Used in anatomical terminology (e.g., Terminologia Anatomica) and sometimes by doctors and surgeons in practice, but seldom used by medical laypeople.

Hyponyms

• os breve (short bone)
• os irregulare (irregular bone)
• os longum (long bone)
• os planum (flat bone)
• os sesamoideum (sesamoid bone)

Derived terms

• os capitatum
• os clitoridis
• os clitoris
• os cordis
• os coxae
• os cuneiforme
• os innominatum
• os magnum
• os paracuneiforme
• os penis
• os trapezoideum
• os trochleare calcanei

 

Translations

Translations

• Bulgarian: кост (bg) f (kost)
• Finnish: os (fi)
• French: os (fr) m
• German: Os (de)
• Italian: osso (it) m
• Spanish: hueso (es) m

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɒs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑs/
• Rhymes: -ɒs

Noun

os (plural ora)

1. (anatomy, sometimes botany) An opening or entrance to a passage, particularly one at either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).

   Synonym: orifice

   • 1891, Texas Medical Association, Transactions, volume 23, page 175:

     The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to the os, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.

   • 2009 July 6, Armen Takhtajan, Flowering Plants, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:

     […] monocolpate (“unisulcate”) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.

Translations

external end of the cervix

• Finnish: kohdunnapukka

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Swedish ås.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɒs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑs/
• Rhymes: -ɒs

Noun

os (plural osar)

1. An osar or esker.

Etymology 4

From o +‎ -s.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /əʊz/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /oʊz/
• Rhymes: -əʊz

Noun

os

1. (rare) Alternative form of o's.

References

• “os”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “os”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

• SO, S/O, s.o., so, So, So., S&O, s/o, S.O.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch os.

Noun

os (plural osse, diminutive ossie)

1. ox (castrated bull)

Derived terms

• ossewa

 

Aragonese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lōs, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈos/
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: os

Article

os m pl

1. the

   Os lugars d'Aragón

   The villages of Aragon

Usage notes

• The form los, either pronounced as los or as ros, can be found after words ending with -o.
• Some dialects use the form els, often shortened to es.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• osu

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os. Compare Romanian os.

Noun

os n (plural oasi or oase)

1. bone

Derived terms

• usos

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan os, from Latin ossum, non-standard variant of os.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈɔs]

Noun

os m (plural ossos)

1. bone

Derived terms

• os de sant
• os frontal
• os parietal
• os pisiforme
• ossada
• ossam
• ossera
• osset

 

Related terms

• ossa
• ossari
• ossi

Etymology 2

l'ós bru

Inherited from Latin ursus. Compare Spanish oso, Occitan ors, French ours.

Alternative forms

• ós (pre-2016 spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈos]

• Audio (Valencia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os

Noun

os m (plural ossos, feminine ossa)

1. bear (mammal)

Derived terms

• all d'os

specific species of bear

• os blanc
• os bru
• os d'Alaska
• os malai
• os morrut
• os negre americà
• os polar
• os tibetà

other non-ursine mammals

• os formiguer
• os marí
• os rentador

Further reading

• “os” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “os”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “os” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “os” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈos]

Noun

os

1. plural of o (“the letter O”)

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse oss (“us”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/, [ʌs], [ɒ̽s]

Pronoun

os

1. us, objective of vi
2. (reflexive pronoun) ourselves
3. (pluralis majestatis) ourself

See also

Danish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
					common	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	mig	min	mit	mine
	Second	modern / informal	du	dig	din	dit	dine
		formal	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	masculine (person)	han	ham	hans
		feminine (person)	hun	hende	hendes
		common(noun)	den		dens
		neuter(noun)	det		dets
		reflexive	–	sig	sin	sit	sine
Plural	First	modern	vi	os	vores
		archaic / formal			vor	vort	vore
	Second	–	I	jer	jeres
	Third	–	de	dem	deres
		reflexive	–	sig

Etymology 2

Disputed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oːs/, [oːˀs]

Noun

os c (singular definite osen, not used in plural form)

1. smoke
2. reek
3. fug

Verb

os

1. imperative of ose

Daur

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *usun. Compare Mongolian ус (us).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/, [ɔs]

Noun

os

1. water

   En osii ter nyadem waagw tunpund suree.

   Please pour water into that washbowl.

References

• Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: os
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

os m (plural ossen, diminutive osje n)

1. ox (castrated bull)

Derived terms

• ossenhuid
• ossenpikker
• ossenstaart
• ossentong
• ossenwagen

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: os
• Negerhollands: os

Further reading

• “os” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Fala

Alternative forms

• us (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /os/
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: os

Article

os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

1. (Mañegu) Masculine plural definite article; the
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:

     In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

Pronoun

os

1. (Mañegu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular		ei	me, -mi		mi
	plural	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		masculine	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		feminine	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
second person	singular		tú	te, -ti		ti
	plural	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		masculine	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		feminine	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
third person	singular	masculine	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		feminine	ela		a	ela
	plural	masculine	elis		usLV, osM	elis
		feminine	elas		as	elas
	reflexive		—	se, -si		sí

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[3], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French os, from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

• (singular) IPA^(key): /ɔs/

  • Audio (France):

    (file)

  • Audio:

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ɔs
• (plural) IPA^(key): /o/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Homophones: au, aulx, aux, eau, eaux, ho, o, ô, oh (general), haut, hauts (aspirated)
• After consonants other than /z/, the plural may alternatively be pronounced like the singular (cf. the same in œufs).
• Colloquially, some speakers use the hybrid form /os/ for both singular and plural.

Noun

os m (plural os)

1. bone

   Le chien a enterré un os.

   The dog buried a bone.

2. (informal) snag, hitch

   Synonyms: hic, accroc, anicroche

   Il y a un os. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• coûter un os
• en chair et en os
• l’avoir dans l’os
• n’avoir que la peau sur les os
• os ethmoïde
• os frontal
• os hyoïde
• os lacrymal
• os nasal
• os occipital
• os palatin
• os pariétal
• os pisiforme
• os sphénoïde
• os temporal
• os trapèze
• os trapézoïde
• os zygomatique
• ossature
• osseux
• ossifier
• ossu
• ossuaire
• tomber sur un os

 

Further reading

• “os”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• SO

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʊs/
• Hyphenation: os

Article

os m pl (masculine singular o, feminine singular a, feminine plural as)

1. (definite) the

Usage notes

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con os ("with the") contracts to cos, and en os ("in the") contracts to nos.

Derived terms

• aos
• cos
• dos
• nos
• ós

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

os

1. accusative of eles

See also

Galician articles
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a, an; some)	un	unha	uns	unhas

Further reading

• “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “os”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “os”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “os”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese osso. Cognate with Kabuverdianu osu.

Noun

os

1. bone

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɔsˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ʌsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish oss, from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (“bull”).

Noun

os m (genitive singular ois, nominative plural ois)

1. (literary) deer

   Synonym: fia

Declension

Declension of os

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative os ois Vocative a ois a osa Genitive ois os Dative os ois

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-os na hois Genitive an ois na n-os Dative leis an os don os leis na hois

Derived terms

• oiseoil
• oisín
• osbhuí

 

Etymology 2

From Old Irish úas, ós, from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-.

Preposition

os (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

1. over, above

Derived terms

• os ard
• os cionn
• os coinne
• os comhair
• os grian
• os íseal
• os meán
• os méid
• os neart
• os talamh
• os-

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
os	n-os	hos	t-os
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “os”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “os”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Istro-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os.

Noun

os n (plural ose, definite singular osu, definite plural osele)

1. bone

Latin

Picture dictionary

os

calvāria

cerebrum

oculus

labium

nāsus

ōs

mentum

māxilla

auris

tempus

collum

Click on labels in the image.

Etymology 1

ōs (mouth)

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /oːs/, [oːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /os/, [ɔs]

Noun

ōs n (genitive ōris); third declension

1. mouth

   Synonym: bucca

   Hyponyms: buccula, ōsculum

   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.2.35–36:

     opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī
     ōre necātūrās accipiēmus aquās

     Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying, by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
     (The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)

   • Genesis, Vulgate 8.11:

     at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram

     But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.

2. (transferred sense) (in general) head or face

   Synonym: caput

   Synonyms: (Vulgar Latin) cara, faciēs, frōns, vultus

   ad aliquem ora convertere ― to turn the head or face towards someone

   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.4.124:

     Gorgonis os pulcherrimum cinctum anguibus revellit atque abstulit, […]

     • 1856 translation by Charles Duke Yonge

       […] he tore off and took away a very fine head of the Gorgon with snakes for hair;

   • c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 1.61:

     adiacebant fragmina telorum equorumque artus, simul truncis arborum antefixa ora.

     • 1864–1877 translation by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb

       Near, lay fragments of weapons and limbs of horses, and also human heads, prominently nailed to trunks of trees.

3. (transferred sense) (in general) facial features, countenance, appearance
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.328–329:

     “[...] Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret, [...].”

     “If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [you were gone], would recall you by his appearance, [...].”

4. (poetic) speech
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.423:

     […] primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.

     • 1697 translation by John Dryden

       They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rent speech; our borrow'd arms survey.

5. mouth, lips, opening, entrance, aperture, orifice
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:

     Dīxit et ōs impressa torō, [...] / ait [...].

     [Dido] spoke and, having pressed her lips upon the bed, cried out: [...].
     (Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)

6. beak of a ship
7. edge of a sword

Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ōs	ōra
Genitive	ōris	ōrum
Dative	ōrī	ōribus
Accusative	ōs	ōra
Ablative	ōre	ōribus
Vocative	ōs	ōra

Derived terms

• cōram
• ōrālis
• ōrārium
• ōreae
• ōrō
• ōscillum
• ōscitō
• ōsculum
• Ostia
• ōstīgō
• ōstium

 

Descendants

• → English: os

Etymology 2

ossa manūs (bones of the hand)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

Alternative forms

• ossum, ossu, ossua

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /os/, [ɔs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /os/, [ɔs]

Noun

os n (genitive ossis); third declension

1. (literal, anatomy) bone
2. (figurative) bone as a metaphor for something deep within the body or frame, one’s innermost being or feeling, a generalized physical presence more than a specific anatomical location
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.100-101:

     “[...] Habēs tōtā quod mente petīstī:
     ārdet amāns Dīdō, trāxitque per ossa furōrem.”

     [Juno says to Venus:] “You have what you sought with all your heart: Dido burns [with] love, and it has drawn the passion through her bones.”

   • Anonymous, Regula Magistri :

     ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viam ossibus non posse de lecto surgere

     By the same mouth they respond that, due to their weary bones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.

   1. (transferred sense) hard or innermost part of trees or fruits; heartwood
3. (figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse

Inflection

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	os	ossa
Genitive	ossis	ossium
Dative	ossī	ossibus
Accusative	os	ossa
Ablative	osse	ossibus
Vocative	os	ossa

Derived terms

• exos
• exossō
• osseus
• ossiculum
• ossifraga
• ossifragus
• ossilagō
• ossilegium
• ossuārius
• ossuōsus

 

Related terms

• exossātus
• ossuārium

Descendants

Descendants of os

• Aragonese: güeso
• Aromanian: os
• Asturian: güesu
• Catalan: os
• Corsican: ossu
• Dalmatian: vuas
• Fala: osu
• Franco-Provençal: ôs
• French: os
• Friulian: vues
• Galician: óso
• Istriot: uosso
• Istro-Romanian: os
• Italian: osso
• Megleno-Romanian: uos
• Mirandese: uosso
• Occitan: òs
• Piedmontese: òss
• Portuguese: osso
• Romanian: os
• Romansch: ies, oss
• Sardinian: ossu
• Sicilian: ossu
• Spanish: hueso
• Venetan: oso
• → English: os

References

• "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ŏs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "os", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• os in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1095.
• os in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to praise a man to his face: aliquem coram, in os or praesentem laudare
    
  • to be in every one's mouth: in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse
    
  • to harp on a thing, be always talking of it: in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5)
    
  • physics; natural philosophy: physica (-orum) (Or. 34. 119); philosophia naturalis
    
  • logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia)
    
  • all agree on this point: omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
    
  • unanimously: una voce; uno ore
    
  • mathematics: mathematica (-ae) or geometria (-ae), geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57)
    
  • arithmetic: arithmetica (-orum)
    
  • arithmetic: numeri (-orum)
    
  • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    
  • maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word): favete ore, linguis = εὐφημειτε
    
  • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    
  • (ambiguous) to draw every one's eyes upon one: omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
    
  • (ambiguous) to be a subject for gossip: in ora vulgi abire
    
• Dizionario Latino italiano, Olivetti

Middle English

Pronoun

os

1. Alternative form of us

Middle French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Noun

os m (plural os)

1. bone

Descendants

• French: os

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /œs/

Pronoun

ös

1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uːs/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse óss. Same as Latin os.

Noun

os m or n (definite singular osen or oset, indefinite plural osar or os, definite plural osane or osa)

1. an outlet, estuary, river mouth (where a river runs out of a lake, or enters a lake or the ocean)

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Noun

os m (definite singular osen, indefinite plural osar, definite plural osane)

1. to fume, smoke
2. to reek, malodorousness

Derived terms

• ose

Etymology 3

Pronoun

os

1. obsolete spelling of oss.
   • 1770, Edvard Storm, “Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 233:

     Dæmæ venda os aat Bygden

     thus we turn towards the village

Etymology 4

Verb

os

1. past tense of ase
2. imperative of ose

Further reading

• “os” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “os”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old English

Etymology

From earliest Old English *ons, from Proto-West Germanic *ansu, from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oːs/

Noun

ōs m

1. a god
2. the runic character ᚩ (/o/ or /oː/)

Usage notes

• The genitive plural ēsa (attested in ēsa gescot “the shot of the ēse”) and names such as Esegar display i-mutation, despite being a u-stem. This is likely a fossilization from an earlier stage between Proto-West Germanic *ansu and early Old English *ons, in which i-mutation was applied to the attested declined forms due to the word’s archaic meaning, rather than its active usage.
• The nominative plural likely had the same process from above applied to it as well, in the form of *ēse.
• Both i-mutated, and typically-expected forms for each affected declension are provided in the table below:

Declension

Declension of ōs (u-stem, irregular)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ōs	*ēse, *ōsa
accusative	ōs	*ōsa
genitive	*ōsa	ēsa, *ōsa
dative	ēse, *ōsa	*ōsum

Synonyms

• god

Old French

Etymology

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/

Noun

os oblique singular, m (oblique plural os, nominative singular os, nominative plural os)

1. bone

Descendants

• Middle French: os
  • French: os

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• as, es, is (aberrant Würzburg forms)

Etymology

Hamp derives this from Proto-Celtic *sonts, plural *sontes (whence ot); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts. Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copula is.

A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction of ocus (“and”), with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.

Conjunction

os (third-person plural ot)

1. disjunctive conjunction

Usage notes

• The conjunction takes on the form ot when used with the third-person plural pronoun é and os elsewhere.

Descendants

• Middle Irish: os

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 os”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Saxon

Noun

os m

1. Alternative form of as

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: os
• Homophone: oz

Noun

os f

1. genitive plural of osa

   Synonym: ós

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /us/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /us/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /uʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /os/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /uʃ/

• Hyphenation: os

Article

os

2. masculine plural of o
   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 546:

     Está na hora de testarmos os nossos talentos no mundo real, você não acha?

     It's time to test the talents of ours in the real world, don't you think?

   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 308:

     Você notou os cabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

     You noticed her hair (“her hairs”), it's dark and brilliant and soft...

   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 373:

     Devíamos fechar os olhos dele.

     We should close his eyes (“the eyes of him”).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also

Portuguese articles (edit)
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a, an; some)	um	uma	uns	umas

Pronoun

os

2. third-person plural direct objective personal pronoun; them

   Synonyms: (indirect objective) lhes, eles, (prepositional) elas

   Encontrei-os na rua.

   I met them at the street.

Usage notes

• Becomes -los after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.

  After ver: Posso vê-los? ― May I see them?

  After pôs: Pô-los ali. ― He put them there.

  After fiz: Fi-los ficarem contentes. ― I made them become happy.

  After nos: Deu-no-los relutantemente. ― He gave them to us reluctantly.

  After eis: Ei-los! ― Behold them!

• Becomes -nos after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].

  Detêm-nos como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.

• In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form eles.

  Eu os vi. → Eu vi eles. ― I saw them.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:os.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɔs/, /ˈos/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɔs/, /ˈos/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈɔʃ/, /ˈoʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɔʃ/, /ˈoʃ/

• Hyphenation: os

Noun

os m

2. plural of o

Romagnol

Noun

os m (invariable) (Bassa Romagna)

1. door

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, from Proto-Italic *ōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Compare Catalan os, French os, Italian osso, Portuguese osso, Sardinian ossu, Spanish hueso.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈos]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os

Noun

os n (plural oase)

1. bone

Declension

Declension of os

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) os	osul	(niște) oase	oasele
genitive/dative	(unui) os	osului	(unor) oase	oaselor
vocative	osule		oaselor

Related terms

• osamă
• oseminte
• osifica
• osificabil
• osificare
• osificat
• osificator
• osificație
• osos

 

Further reading

• os in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/

Preposition

os (+ dative, no mutation)

1. (obsolete) over, above

Usage notes

• Now used only in the compounds listed below.

Derived terms

• os cionn
• os ìosal
• os làimh

Verb

os

1. Alternative form of arsa used before vowels

   "Ial, ial," os a' chailleach ― "Ial, ial," said the old woman

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• ȏsa (Bosnia, Serbia)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ôːs/

Noun

ȏs f (Cyrillic spelling о̑с)

1. (Croatia) axis

Declension

Declension of os

	singular	plural
nominative	ȏs	ȏsi
genitive	ȏsi	ósī
dative	osi	osima
accusative	os	osi
vocative	osi	osi
locative	osi	osima
instrumental	osi	osima

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔs]

Noun

os f

1. (geometry) axis
2. axle

Declension

Declension of os

	singular	plural
nominative	os	osi
genitive	osi	osí
dative	osi	osiam
accusative	os	osi
locative	osi	osiach
instrumental	osou	osami

Derived terms

• osový
• oska
• osička

Further reading

• “os”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /óːs/

Noun

ọ̑s f

1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing.	ós
gen. sing.	osí
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ós	osí	osí
genitive (rodȋlnik)	osí	osí	osí
dative (dajȃlnik)	ôsi	oséma	osém
accusative (tožȋlnik)	ós	osí	osí
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	ôsi	oséh	oséh
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	osjó	oséma	osmí

Further reading

• “os”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “os”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Slovincian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔs/
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: os

Conjunction

os

1. and

Further reading

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “ǻu̯s”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[5] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 9

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vōs (accusative), vōbīs (dative).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /os/ [os]
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: os
• Homophone: (Latin America) hoz

Pronoun

os

1. you, to you, for you; dative and accusative of vosotros

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masculine2		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		feminine		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal3		usted	le, se4	lo/la5	usted
	plural	familiar6	masculine2	vosotros	os		vosotros
			feminine	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general3		ustedes	les, se4	los/las5	ustedes
third person	singular	masculine2		él	le, se4	lo	él
		feminine		ella		la	ella
		neuter		ello7		lo	ello
	plural	masculine2		ellos	les, se4	los	ellos
		feminine		ellas		las	ellas
	reflexive			—	se		sí1

1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
6. Used primarily in Spain
7. Used only in rare circumstances

Further reading

• “os”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16

Swedish

Etymology 1

Disputed. Possibly related to Latin odor, or alternatively Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “perfume”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

os n

1. (uncountable) fumes, vapors (with a particular odor and slightly suffocating, especially from cooking)

   stekos

   greasy [frying] fumes

Declension

Declension of os

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	os	os
	definite	oset	osets
plural	indefinite	-	-
	definite	-	-

Etymology 2

From Old Norse óss.

Noun

os n

1. a river mouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
2. indefinite genitive singular of o

Declension

Declension of os

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	os	os
	definite	oset	osets
plural	indefinite	os	os
	definite	osen	osens

See also

• osa

References

• os in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• os in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• os in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• SO, so

Volapük

Pronoun

os

1. (impersonal pronoun) it

Welsh

Etymology

o (“if”) +‎ -s (“him, her, it, them”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Conjunction

os

1. if (used with factual conditionals, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)

   Os ydw i’n iawn, yna mae wedi canu arnat ti.

   If I’m right, then you’re done for.

See also

• pe (used with counterfactual conditionals)

White Hmong

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɒ˩/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔap (“duck”), borrowed from Middle Chinese 鴨 (MC 'aep, “duck”).

Noun

os (classifier: tus)

1. a duck

Etymology 2

Interjection

os

1. a final emphatic particle, usually used to express sincerity

   Nyob zoo os. ― Hello.

   Tuaj os. ― You've come.

   Noj mov os. ― Please eat.

References

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[6], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 4.