View source for ruma

{{also|Ruma|rúma|rūma|rũma}}
==Finnish==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*ruma}}, possibly a {{der|fi|gmq}} borrowing. Cognates include {{cog|et|rumal|t=stupid}}, {{cog|izh|ruma|t=ugly}}, {{cog|liv|rumāli|t=dirty}}, {{cog|olo|ruma}}, {{cog|vep|ruma|t=ugly; coarse}} and {{cog|vot|ruma}}. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare {{cog|se|ropmi}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{fi-pronunciation}}

===Adjective===
{{fi-adj|rum|empi|in}}

# [[ugly]] {{gloss|displeasing to the eye or ear}}
#: {{syn|fi|epäesteettinen|pahannäköinen}}
#: {{ant|fi|kaunis}}
# [[ugly]], [[dirty]] {{gloss|offensive to one's sensibilities or morality}}
#: {{syn|fi|moraaliton|ikävä|ilkeä|kelju|kurja|paha}}
#: {{uxi|fi|Hän teki meille '''ruman''' tempun.|He played a '''dirty''' trick on us.}}
# [[dirty]] {{gloss|of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar}}
#: {{coi|fi|'''ruma''' sana|[[dirty word|'''dirty''' word]]}}

====Declension====
{{fi-decl-koira|pos=adj|rum|||a}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|fi
|ruma ankanpoikanen
|rumahko
|rumannäköinen
|rumanvärinen
|rumapiirteinen
|rumasointinen
|rumasti
|rumaääninen
|rumeliini
|rumentaa
|rumeta
|rumilus
|rumistaa
|rumuus
|susiruma
}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:KTSK|accessdate=2023-07-03}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|fi|a=amru|Amur|mura}}

==Gothic==

===Romanization===
{{got-rom|head=rūma}}

# {{romanization of|got|𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰}}

==Hiri Motu==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ho|poz-oce-pro}}, from {{inh|ho|poz-pro|*ʀumaq}}, from {{inh|ho|map-pro|*ʀumaq}}.

===Noun===
{{head|ho|noun}}

# [[house]] {{qualifier|abode}}

==Ingrian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|izh|urj-fin-pro|*ruma}}. Cognates include {{cog|fi|ruma}} and {{cog|vep|ruma}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{izh-p}}

===Noun===
{{head|izh|noun}}

# [[ugly]]
# [[bad]], [[poor]] {{gl|of low quality}}

====Declension====
{{izh-decl/koira|m|m}}

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|low-quality}} {{l|izh|prostoi}}

===References===
* {{R:izh:Nirvi:1971|page=491}}

==Kikuyu==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ki|/ɾuma/}}

===Verb===
{{head|ki|verb|infinitive|kũruma}}

# to [[curse]], to [[abuse]]

====Derived terms====
{{qualifier|Proverbs}}
* {{l|ki|kĩonje kĩrumaga mũhiũhia}}

====Related terms====
{{qualifier|Nouns}}
* {{l|ki|kĩrumi|g=c7}}

===References===
* {{R:ki:Armstrong|p=363}}

==Latin==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|la|rū̆mis}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|rū̆ma}}
* The length of the U is not directly attested. It should be short based on the attested short vowel in the derivative ''irrumō'', but a pronunciation with long ū may have developed due to influence from and conflation with ''rūmen''.<ref>{{R:la:EM|page=580|ruma}}</ref>

===Etymology 1===
{{etymon|la|id=udder|title=rū̆ma|unc}}
{{unk|la}}. Possibly from {{bor|la|ett|𐌓𐌖𐌌}}.

====Noun====
{{la-noun|rū̆ma<1>}}

# {{lb|la|anatomy}} [[udder]], [[teat]]
#: {{syn|la|ūber|sūmen}}

=====Declension=====
{{la-ndecl|rū̆ma<1>}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|la|irrumō}}
* {{l|la|rū̆migō}}
* {{l|la|Rū̆mī̆na}}
* {{l|la|Rū̆mī̆nus}}
* {{l|la|subrū̆mō}}
* {{l|la|subrū̆mus}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymon|la|id=throat|title=rū̆ma|from|rūmen>throat|text=+}}

====Noun====
{{la-noun|rūma<1>}}

# {{lb|la|anatomy}} [[rumen]]
#: {{syn|la|rūmen}}
# [[stomach]], [[abdomen]]
#: {{syn|la|venter|pantex}}

=====Declension=====
{{la-ndecl|rūma<1>}}

===References===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:du Cange}}
<references/>

==Lower Sorbian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|dsb|/ˈruma/}}

===Noun===
{{head|dsb|noun form}}

# {{inflection of|dsb|rum||gen|s|;|nom//acc|d}}

==Muduapa==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|wiv|poz-oce-pro}}, from {{inh|wiv|poz-pro|*ʀumaq}}, from {{inh|wiv|map-pro|*ʀumaq}}.

===Noun===
{{head|wiv|noun}}

# [[house]] {{qualifier|abode}}

==Portuguese==

===Verb===
{{head|pt|verb form}}

# {{pt-verb form of|rumar}}

==Puyuma==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|pyu|map-pro|*ʀumaq}}.

===Noun===
{{head|pyu|noun}}

# [[house]]; [[home]]
#: {{ux|pyu|naniyam '''ruma''' piyalaudr tu pitaun.|The door of our '''house''' is to the east.}}

===References===
* Stacy Fang-Ching Teng (鄧芳青), ''A Reference Grammar Of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language Of Taiwan'', Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2008.

==Venda==

===Verb===
{{head|ve|verb}}

# to [[send]]

==Veps==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|vep|urj-fin-pro|*ruma}}, possibly a {{der|vep|gmq}} borrowing. Cognates include {{cog|fi|ruma}}.

===Adjective===
{{vep-adj}}

# [[ugly]]
# [[coarse]], [[rough]]

====Inflection====
{{vep-decl-kuva|ruma}}

===References===
* {{R:vep:UVVV|грубый|некрасивый}}

==Votic==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|vot|urj-fin-pro|*ruma}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{vot-p}}

===Adjective===
{{head|vot|adjective}}

# [[plain]], [[bare]]
# [[rough]]
# [[bad]], [[poor]]
# [[ugly]]

====Inflection====
{{vot-decl/poikõ||}}

===References===
* {{R:vot:VKS|ruma}}