ո

See also: ռ, Ռ, Ո, and n

ո U+0578, ո ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO ← շ [U+0577] Armenian չ → [U+0579]

Armenian

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /o/, [o], /vo/, [vo], (word-initially)
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /o/, [o], /vo/, [vo], (word-initially)

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

ո

ո lowercase (uppercase Ո)

1. The 24th letter of Armenian alphabet, called ո (o). Transliterated as o. Represents а open-mid back rounded vowel: [ɔ] (but [vɔ] word-initially).
2. A letter used in Armenian dialectology. Represents the diphthong [u͡o]. Transliterated as uo.

Usage notes

The word-initial pronunciation of this letter as [vɔ] is a post-classical development. In modern Armenian, the older pronunciation is preserved only in the word ով (ov) and its derivatives, and also in the traditional orthography spelling of օվկիանոս (ōvkianos).

See also

• (The Armenian script): Աա   Բբ   Գգ   Դդ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Ծծ   Կկ   Հհ   Ձձ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Ոո   Չչ   Պպ   Ջջ   Ռռ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Ցց   Ււ   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ
• (Letter combinations): ու   և   ﬔ   ﬕ   ﬓ   ﬗ   ﬖ
• (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈   ա̊   ա̄   ը̂   է̀   էօ / օ̈   էօ̀ / օ̈̀   իւ / ո̈ւ   գ^յ   կ^յ   ք^յ   հ^յ   բՙ   դՙ   գՙ   ձՙ   ջՙ   ղՙ   ֈ   ʔ  
• (Punctuation):  ՙ    ՚   ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ՟   ․   ։   ֊
• (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.2
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1911) Hay barbaṙagitutʻiwn. Uruagic ew dasaworutʻiwn hay barbaṙneri (barbaṙagitakan kʻartēsov) [Armenian dialectology: A sketch and classification of Armenian dialects (with a dialect map)] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 8) (in Armenian), Moscow and Nor Nakhichevan: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 10
• Ovsepjan, L. S., Gevorkjan, G. G. (2013) “Армянские диалекты (общий обзор) [Armenian dialects (general overview)]”, in Yuri B.Koryakov and Andrej A. Kibrik, editors, Языки мира: Реликтовые индоевропейские языки Передней и Центральной Азии [Languages of the World: Relict Indo-European languages of Western and Central Asia]‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Academia, page 324

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

• ով (ov) — before vowels

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, but Martirosyan prefers derivation from *yós.

Pronoun

ո՞ • (o^?)

1. (interrogative) who?

   ո՞, ո՞ ոք ― o^?, o^? okʻ ― who?

   ո՞ ի ձէնջ իշխեսցէ առնել զայդ ― o^? i jēnǰ išxescʻē aṙnel zayd ― who among you dare do that?

   ո՞ ոք ի մարդկանէ ― o^? okʻ i mardkanē ― who is he that ...?

   գիտեմ ո՛ է դա ― gitem ó ē da ― I know who he is

   ո՛ ոք եւ իցէ ― ó okʻ ew icʻē ― whoever he may be

   ո՞յր է մատեանս ― o^?yr ē mateans ― whose book is this?

   զո՞ խնդրէք ― zo^? xndrēkʻ ― whom do you seek?

   ո՞յր ես ― o^?yr es ― who are you for?

   ո՞ւմ ասացեր ― u^?m asacʻer ― to whom have you spoken?

   ո՞ գիտէ ― o^? gitē ― who knows?

   ո՞յք ոմանք իցեն ― o^?ykʻ omankʻ icʻen ― who are they who ...?

   ո՞ւմ ի կապելոց ― u^?m i kapelocʻ ― to which of the prisoners?

   յո՞ւմ անձին ― yu^?m anjin ― on which person?

   ո՞յք եմք ― o^?ykʻ emkʻ ― who are we?

   ո եւ պէտ ― o ew pēt ― whoever it may be

   յոյր սակս/սակի ― yoyr saks/saki ― why? on what account? for what reason?

   ում եւ պետ ― um ew pet ― whatever, whatsoever

Declension

pronominal

	singular		plural
nominative	ո (o)		ոյք (oykʻ)
genitive	ոյր (oyr)		ո (o)
dative	ում (um)		ոյց (oycʻ)
accusative	ո (o)		ոյս (oys)
ablative	ումէ, ումմէ (umē, ummē)		ոյց (oycʻ)
instrumental	որով* (orov*)		որովք* (orovkʻ*)
locative	ում (um)		ոյս (oys)
*this pronoun has no instrumental forms; they are filled by instrumentals of որ (or)

Derived terms

• յո (yo)
• ումպետ (umpet)

 

Related terms

• ոմն (omn)
• որ (or)
• ոք (okʻ)

 

Descendants

• Armenian: ով (ov)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ո”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ո”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 523
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ո”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

Ottoman Turkish

Letter

ո • (vo or o)

1. A letter of the Armeno-Turkish script, named վօ (vo). Represents mid back rounded vowel: [v]. Transliterated according to its Armenian pronunciation.

Usage notes

This letter is only used in Armenian loans and in the formation of the digraph ու (u).

See also

• (The Armeno-Turkish script): Աա   Գգ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Կկ   Հհ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Չչ   Պպ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ   ’
• (Primarily in Armenian words): Բբ   Դդ   Ծծ   Ձձ   Ջջ   Ոո   Ռռ   Ցց   Ււ
• (Letter combinations): էօ   իւ   ու   նկ   նղ  
• (Punctuation): ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ․   ։   ֊