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尺

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Archived revision by Prismcool (talk | contribs) as of 17:07, 17 November 2024.
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See also: 呎 and R
尺 U+5C3A, 尺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C3A
← 尹
[U+5C39] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 尻 →
[U+5C3B]

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

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尺 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 尸人 (SO), four-corner 77807, composition ⿸尸㇏)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 299, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7632
  • Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 964, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5C3A

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 尺
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (尺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
尺 *tʰjaɡ
蚇 *tʰjaɡ

Uncertain. Various explanations include:

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 尺
simp. # 尺
Wikipedia has articles on:

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: 'chí' pronunciation only used in 尺寸 (chícun).
Note:
  • ciak1 - “chi”;
  • ciak4 – “ruler”.
Note:
  • chióh - vernacular;
  • chék - literary.
Note:
  • cieo5 - vernacular;
  • cih6 - literary.
Note:
  • chhioh/sioh - vernacular;
  • chhek/chhiak - literary.
Note:
  • cioh4 - Shantou;
  • ciêh4 - Chaozhou.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: qio7 / qig4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiɔ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰik̚⁵/
Note:
  • cio7 - vernacular;
  • qig4 - literary.
Note:
  • cha6 - vernacular;
  • chr6 - literary.
Note:
  • qio2 - vernacular;
  • qi2 - literary.
Note:
  • qia6 - vernacular;
  • qi6 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 尺
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃʰz̩⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəʔ²/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡sʰei²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
    /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰɒ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰak̚¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰɑk̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɛk̚³/
    Nanning /t͡sʰɛk̚³³/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰɛk̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰik̚³²/
    /t͡sʰioʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰuɔʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰioʔ²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /sek̚³/
    /sio⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 尺
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
    Final (韻) 昔 (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 昌石切
    Baxter tsyhek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ɕʰiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/cʰiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		cik1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 尺
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsyhek ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tʰAk/
    English foot (measure)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 尺
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1461
    Phonetic
    component         		尺
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		尺
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tʰjaɡ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    尺

    1. chi; Chinese foot (a traditional Chinese unit of distance based on the human forearm and equal to 10 cun (寸) or 1/10 zhang (丈))
    2. (Mainland China) mainland chi; Chinese foot, standardized in 1984 as 1/3 meter
    3. (Taiwan) Taiwanese foot, standardized as 10/33 meter and identical to the Japanese shaku
    4. (Hong Kong) chek; Hong Kong foot, standardized as 0.371475 meters
    5. (informal) imperial foot
      Synonyms: 英尺 (yīngchǐ), 呎 (chǐ)
    6. ruler (straightedge) (Classifier: 把 m c; 支 m h mn; 桿／杆 m)
    7. tape measure
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    • (ruler):
    Dialectal synonyms of 尺子 (“ruler”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 尺, 尺子
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 尺
    Taiwan 尺
    Harbin 尺
    Singapore 尺
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 尺
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 尺子
    Wanrong 尺
    Xi'an 尺子
    Xining 尺子
    Xuzhou 尺子
    Lanyin Mandarin Lanzhou 尺子
    Ürümqi 尺子
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 尺, 尺子, 尺片兒
    Wuhan 尺
    Guiyang 尺子
    Liuzhou 尺子
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 尺
    Cantonese Guangzhou 間尺
    Hong Kong 間尺, 尺
    Taishan 間尺, 尺
    Dongguan 尺
    Gan Nanchang 尺
    Lichuan 尺
    Pingxiang 尺
    Hakka Meixian 尺
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 尺
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 尺
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 尺
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 尺
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 尺
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 尺
    Huizhou Jixi 尺
    Jin Taiyuan 尺子
    Xinzhou 尺子
    Northern Min Jian'ou 尺
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 尺
    Southern Min Jinjiang 格尺
    Shantou 尺
    Puning 格尺
    Leizhou 尺
    Haikou 尺
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 尺
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 尺
    Danyang 尺
    Hangzhou 尺
    Ningbo 尺
    Wenzhou 尺
    Jinhua 尺
    Xiang Changsha 尺
    See also
    [edit]

    Compounds

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    Descendants
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    • → English: chi, chek
    • → Vietnamese: thước
    • → Zhuang: cik

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    trad. 尺
    simp. # 尺

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Definitions

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    尺

    1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note re (2).
    2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note re (2).

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    尺

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. shaku (measurement)
    2. measure

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: しゃく (shaku, Jōyō)←しやく (syaku, historical)
    • Kan-on: せき (seki)
    • Kun: さし (sashi, 尺)、ものさし (monosashi, 尺)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    尺
    しゃく
    Grade: 6
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 尺 (MC tsyhek).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    尺(しゃく) or 尺(せき) • (shaku or seki) 

    1. the shaku, "metal shaku", or Japanese foot: a traditional Japanese unit of length equal to 10 sun (寸) or 1⁄10 jō (丈), standardized as 10⁄33 of a meter
      • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 6, page 46:
        尺 [...] 廣本無上字、説文、尺十寸也、人手却十分動脈爲寸口、十寸爲尺、尺所以指尺規榘事也从尸从乙、乙所識也、今俗呼佐之或呼毛乃佐之 [...]
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      • c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō (volume 9, page 55)
        尺 シャク　十寸為尺
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 741:
        Xacu. シャク (尺) 1 palmoよりも少し長い, ある尺度. 例, Ixxacu, nixacu. (一尺, 二尺) Xacuuo toru. l, xacudoru. (尺を取る. または, 尺取る) 上述のようなpalmoを単位として寸法を計る.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    2. the "whale shaku", a variant of the shaku used in measuring cloth equal to 25⁄66 of a meter
    3. length
      動画(どうが)の尺(しゃく)を伸(の)ばす
      dōga no shaku o nobasu
      to prolong a video
      (literally, “to increase the length of a video”)
    4. Short for 尺障泥 (shaku aori, “geometer moth, Geometra papilionaria”).
      • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 741:
        Xacu. l, xacumuxi. シャク. または, しゃくむし (尺. または, 尺虫) 歩くときに身を縮めたりしながら進む一種の小虫. Xacude taiuo tçuru. (尺で鯛を釣る) 諺. この小虫で鯛を釣って取る人のように, 小さなもので大きなものを手に入れる.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    5. Short for 尺取虫 (shaku-tori mushi, “inchworm”).
    Idioms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    尺
    たかばかり
    Grade: 6
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    竹量
    鷹秤

    Compound of bound 竹 (taka, “bamboo”) +‎ 測り (hakari), voiced due to compounding.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): [ta̠ka̠ba̠ka̠ɾʲi]

    Noun

    [edit]

    尺(たかばかり) • (takabakari) 

    1. a bamboo measure
      • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 6, page 46:
        尺 魏武上雜物䟽云、象牙尺、齒亦反、辨色立成云、尺竹量也、太加波可利
        Rule The Record of Emperor Wei Wu's Various Possessions speaks of an ivory rule, fanqie shaku. The Establishment of Distinct Colours says a rule is a bamboo measure, takapakari.

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    尺 (eum 척 (cheok))

    1. hanja form? of 자 (“Korean foot (30.3cm)”)
    2. hanja form? of 자 (“ruler; straightedge”)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

    [edit]

    尺: Hán Việt readings: xích[1][2][3][4]
    尺: Nôm readings: xệch[2][5][4], xách[1][5], xế[2][5], xích[3][6], sệch[2], xạch[2], xịch[5]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

    [edit]
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Trần (2004).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Génibrel (1898).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Hồ (1976).
    6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=尺&oldid=82668853"