atgyfnerthu

Welsh

Etymology

From at- +‎ cyfnerthu.

Verb

atgyfnerthu (first-person singular present atgyfnerthaf)

1. to reinforce, to strengthen

   Synonyms: cryfhau, grymuso

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	atgyfnerthaf	atgyfnerthi	atgyfnertha	atgyfnerthwn	atgyfnerthwch	atgyfnerthant	atgyfnerthir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	atgyfnerthwn	atgyfnerthit	atgyfnerthai	atgyfnerthem	atgyfnerthech	atgyfnerthent	atgyfnerthid
preterite	atgyfnerthais	atgyfnerthaist	atgyfnerthodd	atgyfnerthasom	atgyfnerthasoch	atgyfnerthasant	atgyfnerthwyd
pluperfect	atgyfnerthaswn	atgyfnerthasit	atgyfnerthasai	atgyfnerthasem	atgyfnerthasech	atgyfnerthasent	atgyfnerthasid, atgyfnerthesid
present subjunctive	atgyfnerthwyf	atgyfnerthych	atgyfnertho	atgyfnerthom	atgyfnerthoch	atgyfnerthont	atgyfnerther
imperative	—	atgyfnertha	atgyfnerthed	atgyfnerthwn	atgyfnerthwch	atgyfnerthent	atgyfnerther
verbal noun	atgyfnerthu
verbal adjectives	atgyfnerthedig atgyfnerthadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	atgyfnertha i, atgyfnerthaf i	atgyfnerthi di	atgyfnerthith o/e/hi, atgyfnerthiff e/hi	atgyfnerthwn ni	atgyfnerthwch chi	atgyfnerthan nhw
conditional	atgyfnerthwn i, atgyfnerthswn i	atgyfnerthet ti, atgyfnerthset ti	atgyfnerthai fo/fe/hi, atgyfnerthsai fo/fe/hi	atgyfnerthen ni, atgyfnerthsen ni	atgyfnerthech chi, atgyfnerthsech chi	atgyfnerthen nhw, atgyfnerthsen nhw
preterite	atgyfnerthais i, atgyfnerthes i	atgyfnerthaist ti, atgyfnerthest ti	atgyfnerthodd o/e/hi	atgyfnerthon ni	atgyfnerthoch chi	atgyfnerthon nhw
imperative	—	atgyfnertha	—	—	atgyfnerthwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• atgyfnerthiad (“reinforcement, strengthening”)
• atgyfnerthol (“reinforcing, strengthening”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of atgyfnerthu

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
atgyfnerthu	unchanged	unchanged	hatgyfnerthu

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “atgyfnerthu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies