acerbo

Galician

Etymology

From Latin acerbus.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /aˈθɛɾbo/ [aˈθɛɾ.β̞ʊ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /aˈθɛɾbo/ [aˈθɛɾ.β̞ʊ]
• IPA^(key): (seseo) /aˈsɛɾbo/ [aˈsɛɾ.β̞ʊ]

• Rhymes: -ɛɾbo
• Hyphenation: a‧cer‧bo

Adjective

acerbo (feminine acerba, masculine plural acerbos, feminine plural acerbas)

1. acerbic

Related terms

• acerbidade

 

Further reading

• “acerbo”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Italian

Etymology

From Latin acerbus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈt͡ʃɛr.bo/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛrbo
• Hyphenation: a‧cèr‧bo

Adjective

acerbo (feminine acerba, masculine plural acerbi, feminine plural acerbe, superlative acerbissimo)

1. unripe, premature
2. acerbic, sour, bitter, harsh, crude
3. hard, severe

Derived terms

• acerbamente

Related terms

• acerbità

Further reading

• acerbo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• bacerò, borace, orbace

Latin

Etymology

From acerbus (“harsh, bitter”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /aˈker.boː/, [äˈkɛrboː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /aˈt͡ʃer.bo/, [äˈt͡ʃɛrbo]

Verb

acerbō (present infinitive acerbāre, perfect active acerbāvī, supine acerbātum); first conjugation

1. (transitive) to make harsh or bitter, embitter
2. (transitive) to augment or aggravate something disagreeable, make worse, exacerbate

Conjugation

Conjugation of acerbō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	acerbō	acerbās	acerbat	acerbāmus	acerbātis	acerbant
	imperfect	acerbābam	acerbābās	acerbābat	acerbābāmus	acerbābātis	acerbābant
	future	acerbābō	acerbābis	acerbābit	acerbābimus	acerbābitis	acerbābunt
	perfect	acerbāvī	acerbāvistī	acerbāvit	acerbāvimus	acerbāvistis	acerbāvērunt, acerbāvēre
	pluperfect	acerbāveram	acerbāverās	acerbāverat	acerbāverāmus	acerbāverātis	acerbāverant
	future perfect	acerbāverō	acerbāveris	acerbāverit	acerbāverimus	acerbāveritis	acerbāverint
passive	present	acerbor	acerbāris, acerbāre	acerbātur	acerbāmur	acerbāminī	acerbantur
	imperfect	acerbābar	acerbābāris, acerbābāre	acerbābātur	acerbābāmur	acerbābāminī	acerbābantur
	future	acerbābor	acerbāberis, acerbābere	acerbābitur	acerbābimur	acerbābiminī	acerbābuntur
	perfect	acerbātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	acerbātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	acerbātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	acerbem	acerbēs	acerbet	acerbēmus	acerbētis	acerbent
	imperfect	acerbārem	acerbārēs	acerbāret	acerbārēmus	acerbārētis	acerbārent
	perfect	acerbāverim	acerbāverīs	acerbāverit	acerbāverīmus	acerbāverītis	acerbāverint
	pluperfect	acerbāvissem	acerbāvissēs	acerbāvisset	acerbāvissēmus	acerbāvissētis	acerbāvissent
passive	present	acerber	acerbēris, acerbēre	acerbētur	acerbēmur	acerbēminī	acerbentur
	imperfect	acerbārer	acerbārēris, acerbārēre	acerbārētur	acerbārēmur	acerbārēminī	acerbārentur
	perfect	acerbātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	acerbātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	acerbā	—	—	acerbāte	—
	future	—	acerbātō	acerbātō	—	acerbātōte	acerbantō
passive	present	—	acerbāre	—	—	acerbāminī	—
	future	—	acerbātor	acerbātor	—	—	acerbantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		acerbāre	acerbāvisse	acerbātūrum esse	acerbārī	acerbātum esse	acerbātum īrī
participles		acerbāns	—	acerbātūrus	—	acerbātus	acerbandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		acerbandī	acerbandō	acerbandum	acerbandō	acerbātum	acerbātū

Derived terms

• acerbātus
• exacerbō
• inacerbō
• obacerbat

 

Related terms

• ācer
• acerbē
• acerbitās
• acerbitūdō
• acerbus

 

Descendants

• English: acerbate, exacerbate

References

• “acerbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “acerbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• acerbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) he has had many painful experiences: multa acerba expertus est
    

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin acerbus.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈsɛʁ.bu/ [aˈsɛɦ.bu]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈsɛʁ.bu/ [aˈsɛɦ.bu]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /aˈsɛɾ.bu/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /aˈsɛʁ.bu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /aˈsɛɻ.bo/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈsɛɾ.bu/ [ɐˈsɛɾ.βu]

Adjective

acerbo (feminine acerba, masculine plural acerbos, feminine plural acerbas)

1. acerbic (bitter to the taste)

Derived terms

• acerbamente

Related terms

• acerbidade

Further reading

• “acerbo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Etymology 2

Verb

acerbo

1. first-person singular present indicative of acerbar

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin acerbus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /aˈθeɾbo/ [aˈθeɾ.β̞o]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /aˈseɾbo/ [aˈseɾ.β̞o]
• Rhymes: -eɾbo
• Syllabification: a‧cer‧bo

Adjective

acerbo (feminine acerba, masculine plural acerbos, feminine plural acerbas)

1. acerb (bitter to the taste)
2. acerbic (sour or bitter)
3. biting, scathing, acerbic

Derived terms

• acerbamente
• exacerbar

 

Related terms

• acerbidad

 

Further reading

• “acerbo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28