an-
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English an-, from Old English an-, on- (“on-”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana-, from Proto-Germanic *ana- (“on”). More at on.
Alternative forms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Etymology 2
[edit]From Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-). Doublet of un- and in- .
Prefix
[edit]an-
- not; used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. Used with stems that begin with vowels and "h".
- Without, lacking.
- anoxia (without oxygen), anandrous (without male parts)
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Aromanian
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- Alternative form of ãn-
Classical Nahuatl
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Cornish
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (in Cornish), 2018, published 2018, page 11
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the preposition an, from Middle High German an(e), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana. Compare Dutch aan-, English on-.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /an/, [ʔan]
- IPA(key): /aːn/ (still sometimes Austria, Switzerland; in Germany now highly archaic)
Prefix
[edit]an- (seperable verb prefix)
- onto, at, towards (the object)
- an- + schrauben (“to screw”) → anschrauben (“to screw on, attach by screwing”)
- an- + schreien (“to shout”) → anschreien (“to shout at”)
- an- + bauen (“to build”) → anbauen (“to attach, expand, build next to”)
- near, over, towards (the subject)
- expresses a beginning, partial or slight action
- on, in use
Usage notes
[edit]- Also occurs in many nouns, but these are generally deverbal.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- forming words with the sense of negation, an-
Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an (“at, on”).
Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Irish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Irish an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Alternative forms
[edit]- ana- (form used before consonants in Munster)
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- (with adjectives, always spelled with a hyphen) very
- (with adjectives) over-, excessively, intensely
- (with nouns) great, excessive
Usage notes
[edit]- Triggers lenition (except of d, s, and t):
- In some dialects (e.g. Aran), it also changes s to ts:
- In Munster, this form is used only before a vowel; before a consonant the variant ana- is used.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Irish an-, in-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Alternative forms
[edit]- ain- (used before slender vowels and consonants)
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an- (usually spelled without a hyphen)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).
Prefix
[edit]an-
- an- (not)
Derived terms
[edit]Mutation
[edit]radical | eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
an- | n-an- | han- | t-an- |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “an-”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 27
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “an”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 27
- Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 16
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “an-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Italian
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- Alternative form of a- indicating lack or loss
Derived terms
[edit]Luxembourgish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the preposition an, from Proto-Germanic *in. Compare German ein-, English in-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- in- (indicates physical or metaphorical motion into something)
Usage notes
[edit]- When attached to a verb stem beginning with a consonant sound other than /d/, /h/, /n/, /t/ or /t͡s/, the prefix becomes a- as a result of the Eifeler Regel.
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Malagasy
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- prefix element of an- -ana
See also
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- Alternative form of en-
Middle Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *aina-, from Proto-Germanic *aina- (“one, uni-”), equivalent to Old English ān (“one”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ān-
- one; mono-, uni-
- ān- + -hende (“handed”) → ānhende (“one-handed”)
- ān- + horn (“horn”) → ānhorn (“unicorn”)
- ān- + -īeġe (“-eyed”) → ānīeġe (“one-eyed”)
- ān- + -mōd (“-minded”) → ānmōd (“unanimous”)
- ān- + -nes (“-ness”) → ānnes (“unity”)
- ān- + wīġ (“battle”) → ānwīġ (“duel”)
- ān- + -wille (“-willed”) → ānwille (“stubborn”)
- ān- + -wintre (“years old”) → ānwintre (“one year old”)
- lone, alone
Related terms
[edit]Old French
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- Alternative form of en-
Usage notes
[edit]- Particularly common in the works of Chrétien de Troyes.
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Alternative forms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Uncertain. Maybe related to Welsh en- and Gaulish ande- in proper names Andecarus (literally “very dear”) and Anderoudus (literally “very red”).[1] Considered the same word as an- (“un-”) by DIL (see Further reading).
Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Unknown.[2]
Prefix
[edit]an-
- denoting a movement away from some reference point, used to form adverbs of place, for example anúas (“from above”)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1959) “an-, particule intensive”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume A, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page A-70
- ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1959) “an-, particule servant a marquer le point de départ d'un mouvement”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume A, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page A-70f
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “an-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- (Negative prefix:) Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 869-72, pages 542-44; reprinted 2017
- (Adverbs of place:) Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 483, page 305; reprinted 2017
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- Alternative form of a- used before words beginning with vowels
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “an-”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Pipil
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- (personal) you, second-person plural subject marker.
- Antekitit tik ne mil?
- Do you work at the cornfield?
Usage notes
[edit]- Before a vowel, an- changes to anh-. The digraph ⟨nh⟩ is pronounced as [ŋ]. Example:
- Anhajsiket peyna.
- You came early.
See also
[edit]Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- forming words with the sense of negation, an-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- an- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Saterland Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Frisian an-, from Proto-West Germanic *ana-. Cognates include West Frisian oan- and German an-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- Combining form of an
Derived terms
[edit]Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “a-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the Old Swedish and- meaning “against/towards”.
Prefix
[edit]an-
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Welsh an-, from Proto-Brythonic *an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.[1] Cognate with Cornish an-.
Prefix
[edit]an-
- not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix
- Synonym: (used before gl, ll, rh, and consonantal i) af-
- an- + parch (“respect”) → amarch (“disrespect”)
- an- + prisiadwy (“valuable”) → amhrisiadwy (“invaluable”)
- an- + teg (“fair”) → annheg (“unfair”)
- an- + cofio (“to remember”) → anghofio (“to forget”)
- an- + diwedd (“end”) → anniwedd (“endless”)
- an- + gwybod (“to know”) → anwybod (“ignorance”)
- an- + mantais (“advantage”) → anfantais (“disadvantage”)
Usage notes
[edit]Triggers the nasal mutation of p, t, c and d, sometimes with accompanying euphonic or orthographic adjustments, and the soft mutation of b, g and m.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *ande-, *ando- (“inside”).
Prefix
[edit]an- (not productive)
Derived terms
[edit]Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
an- | unchanged | unchanged | han- |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “an-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
References
[edit]- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i 5
Ye'kwana
[edit]ALIV | an- |
---|---|
Brazilian standard | an- |
New Tribes | an- |
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]an-
- allomorph of ön- (negative/sociative irrealis prefix) used for stems that begin with a or e
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English terms with usage examples
- Aromanian lemmas
- Aromanian prefixes
- Classical Nahuatl lemmas
- Classical Nahuatl prefixes
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish prefixes
- Dutch terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch prefixes
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French prefixes
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German terms with homophones
- German lemmas
- German prefixes
- German terms derived from Ancient Greek
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ido lemmas
- Ido prefixes
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish prefixes
- Irish intensifiers
- Irish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Italian lemmas
- Italian prefixes
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish prefixes
- Malagasy non-lemma forms
- Malagasy circumfix forms
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English prefixes
- Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Welsh lemmas
- Middle Welsh prefixes
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English prefixes
- Old French lemmas
- Old French prefixes
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish prefixes
- Old Irish terms with unknown etymologies
- Pali lemmas
- Pali prefixes
- Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil prefixes
- Pipil terms with usage examples
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Polish learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/an
- Rhymes:Polish/an/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish prefixes
- Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Saterland Frisian lemmas
- Saterland Frisian prefixes
- Saterland Frisian combining forms
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic prefixes
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish prefixes
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish prefixes
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh prefixes
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana prefixes