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box

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Box and b'ox

English

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WOTD – 26 December 2018

Pronunciation

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A Rococo snuff box/tabatière (sense 1.1), made between 1761 and 1762
A cat sitting in a cardboard delivery box (sense 1.1)
Post office boxes in Wan Chai Post Office, Hong Kong
A box (sense 1.5) or loge in the Semperoper in Dresden, Germany
A soldier of Hans Majestet Kongens Garde (His Majesty the King’s Guard) in front of a sentry box (sense 1.7) at the Royal Palace in Oslo, Norway
A box (sense 1.22) used to register on target and off target hits in electric fencing
An animation of a box (sense 2.4) in juggling

Etymology 1

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    Etymology tree
    Ancient Greek πῠ́ξος (púxos)
    Ancient Greek -ις (-is)
    Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís)bor.
    Late Latin buxisbor.
    Proto-West Germanic *buhsā
    Old English box
    Middle English box
    English box

    From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”),[1] from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”).[2][3] Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.

    Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish hjulbössa (“wheel-box”).[2]

    The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

    Noun

    [edit]

    box (plural boxes or (nonstandard, computing, humorous) boxen)

    1. Senses relating to a three-dimensional object or space.
      2. A cuboid space; a cuboid container, often with a hinged lid.
        Synonyms: case, package
      3. A cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container.
        Synonym: boxful
        a box of books
      4. A compartment (as a drawer) of an item of furniture used for storage, such as a cupboard, a shelf, etc.
      5. A compartment or receptacle for receiving items.
        post box  post office box
        • 2015 March, Cindy Gerard, chapter 10, in Running Blind, 1st Pocket Books paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, →ISBN, page 73:
          She'd picked up the high-tech phone from a post office box in Toronto a month ago. The key to that box had been mailed to a post office box in New York City. The Russians loved their cloak-and-dagger, particularly former KGB and Spetsnaz, Soviet special forces who ran the mafia, […]
        1. A numbered receptacle at a newspaper office for anonymous replies to advertisements; see also box number.
          • 1924 December 1, “The Broadcaster: A Department that will Find what You Want: A Central Clearing House for All Your Business Wants”, in C. A. Musselman, editor, Automobile Trade Journal, volume XXIX, number 6, Philadelphia, Pa.: Chilton Company, […], →OCLC, page 618, column 2:
            Add five words for address if replies are to come to a box number address at any of our offices. These replies are forwarded each day as received, in new envelopes at no extra charge. […] When replying to blind ads be careful to put on your envelope the correct box number and do not enclose original letters of recommendation—send copies.
      7. A compartment to sit inside in an auditorium, courtroom, theatre, or other building.
        Synonym: loge
        • 1767, [Francesco] Algarotti, “On the Structure of Theatres”, in An Essay on the Opera Written in Italian, London: Printed for L. Davis and C. Reymers, →OCLC, pages 101–102:
          There is yet a better manner of arranging the boxes; and for which invention we are indebted to Andrea Sighizzi, the ſcholar of [Francesco] Brizio and Dentone; […] The plan he followed was, that the boxes, according as they were to be removed from the ſtage towards the bottom of the theatre, ſhould continue gradually riſing by ſome inches one above the other, and gradually receding to the ſides by ſome inches; by which means, every box would have a more commodious view of the ſtage; […]
        • 1861, E. J. Guerin, Mountain Charley, page 18:
          One night he proposed a champagne supper, to which, he said he had invited a friend of his. I consented without hesitation, and soon after we proceeded to an eating house and seating ourselves in a private box, ordered supper.
      8. The driver’s seat on a horse-drawn coach.
        Synonym: box seat
        • 1868 April 18, “Among Russian Peasantry”, in Charles Dickens, editor, All the Year Round. A Weekly Journal. [...] With which is Incorporated Household Words, volume XIX, number 469, London: Published at No. 26, Wellington Street; and by Messrs. Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 440, column 1:
          Next in importance to the Dvornik comes the coachman of a Russian household. He is usually chosen for his fatness and the length of his beard. These seem curious reasons for choosing a coachman in a country where coach-boxes are smaller than anywhere else in the world; but whereas the average breadth of a Russian coach-box is scarcely more than twelve inches at the outside, the average breadth of a Russian coachman is a very different affair.
      10. A small rectangular shelter.
        Synonyms: shelter, booth
        sentry-box
        • 1762, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XXII, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume VI, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […], →OCLC, page 95:
          [M]y uncle Toby […] treated himſelf with a handſome ſentry-box, to ſtand at the corner of the bowling-green, betwixt which point and the foot of the glacis, there was left a little kind of eſplanade for him and the corporal to confer and hold councils of war upon. / —The ſentry-box was in caſe of rain.
      11. Short for horsebox (“container for transporting horses”).
        • [1877], Anna Sewell, “Earlshall”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 101:
          He was a fine-looking middle-aged man, and his voice said at once that he expected to be obeyed. He was very friendly and polite to John, and after giving us a slight look, he called a groom to take us to our boxes, and invited John to take some refreshment.
      12. (automotive) Short for gearbox.
        • 2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 181:
          They were capable of climbing most hills in second low but for this exercise we decided to go for the bottom of the box, just to be sure.
      13. (automotive) Short for stashbox.
        Synonym: stizzy
        • 2023 May 24, “Bounce”, PGF Nuk (lyrics)‎[1]:
          Thinkin' like Roddy, got a stick in the box (Roddy)
          Hide in another car, we just blickin' the opps (Bah)
      14. (rail transport) Short for signal box.
        • 1960 March, “Talking of Trains: The Slough derailment”, in Trains Illustrated, page 132:
          Sparks from the derailed bogie of the train were first noticed by the signalman at Slough West box, who immediately sent to Slough Middle box the "Stop and Examine" signal, followed at once by "Obstruction Danger" when he realised that the coach was derailed.
      15. (figuratively) A predicament or trap.
        I’m really in a box now.
        • 2000, Dee Henderson, chapter 5, in True Devotion (Uncommon Heroes; book 1), Sisters, Or.: Palisades, →ISBN; republished Carol Stream, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers, 2005, →ISBN, page 67:
          He was going straight for the jugular. "Joe, this didn't make me afraid. I've done rescues before." / "Then you'll have no problem saying yes." / Her eyes narrowed. He was putting her in a box and doing it deliberately. There were times when his kind of leadership made her cringe.
      16. (slang) A prison cell.
        • 1993, William S. Burroughs, edited by Oliver Harris, The Letters of William S. Burroughs, 1945–1959, New York: Penguin, →ISBN, page 98:
          While sojourning in the box I was greatly impressed by the kindness and decency of the Mexican people.
        1. (slang) A cell used for solitary confinement.
          Synonym: hole
          • 1987 August 15, Alberto Rodriguez, “What's Your Opinion, Brothers & Sisters?”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 5, page 4:
            I am in what you call 'the box' confined to a 'special' housing unit for punishment because I stabbed some guys who call they self godly and are always beaten up on gays and she males because they hate homosexuals.
          • 2003, Elayne Rapping, Law and Justice as Seen on TV, page 83:
            He is fearless and contemptuous, apparently able to withstand any discipline—including nights “in the box” […]
          • 2009, Megan McLemore, Barred from Treatment:
            He had been in disciplinary confinement (“the box”)—punishment reserved for serious prison offenses—for 14 months.
          • 2020, Erin Hatton, Coerced: Work Under Threat of Punishment, page 89:
            […] he explained, “you can go to the box. So, I got a ticket for refusing an order and I went to the box in that situation. […]
      17. (euphemistic) A coffin.
        • 2010 March 6, Pauline Rogers (interviewee), “Soldier who lost both legs in Afghanistan wants to return to frontline”, in The Telegraph‎[2], London, archived from the original on 24 May 2010:
          Prior to the explosion we spoke about what would happen if he [Lance-Corporal James Simpson] died and came back in a box and what music he would want at his funeral.
      18. (slang, preceded by the) The television.
        Synonyms: (Britain) telly, tube, TV
        • 1988, Roald Dahl, “The Ghost”, in Matilda, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN; republished as “The Ghost”, in Matilda, New York, N.Y.: Puffin Books, 2007, →ISBN:
          Mr. Wormwood switched on the television. The screen lit up. The programme blared. Mr Wormwood glared at Matilda. She hadn't moved. She had somehow trained herself by now to block her ears to the ghastly sound of the dreaded box. She kept right on reading, and for some reason this infuriated the father.
      19. (slang, vulgar) The vagina.
        Synonyms: see Thesaurus:vagina
        • 2015 March, Allison Hobbs, Karen E. Quinones Miller, “Cheryl”, in Hittin’ It Out the Park: A Novel (Zane Presents), trade paperback edition, Largo, Md.: Strebor Books, →ISBN, page 27:
          Without warning, he withdrew his finger and drove his tongue inside her creamy, hot box. She gave a sharp intake of breath.
      21. (computing, slang) A computer, or the case in which it is housed.
        Synonyms: computer, machine; see also Thesaurus:computer
        a UNIX box
        • 1996 January 15, Siu Ha Vivian Chu, “DEC vt320 → linux boxen”, in comp.os.linux.networking‎[3] (Usenet), message-ID <4dceos$gg7@morgoth.sfu.ca>:
          i can't seem to find any how-to regarding connecting a terminal to a linux boxen via parallel port …
        • 2002 September 8, Gregory Seidman, “serving debian to redhat boxen”, in muc.lists.debian.user‎[4] (Usenet), message-ID <20020908205128.GA19944@cs.brown.edu>:
          Furthermore, it is necessary that all four Linux boxen have the same development environment […]
      22. (slang) A gym dedicated to the CrossFit exercise program.
        • 2014 August 8, Courtney Rubin, “CrossFit Flirting: Talk Burpee to Me”, in The New York Times‎[5], archived from the original on 2022-06-16:
          Joshua Newman, until last month a co-owner of CrossFit NYC, which says it is the world's largest box, recalled a member in the gym's early days who was nicknamed "Welcoming Committee."
        • 2017 June 24, Julie Beck, “How CrossFit Acts Like a Religion”, in The Atlantic‎[6], archived from the original on 2022-12-25:
          Ter Kuile says people will sometimes bring their kids to their CrossFit "box," which is CrossFit for "gym."
        • 2018 June 21, Mark Hay, “Some CrossFit Gyms Feature Pictures of These Puking, Bleeding Clowns”, in VICE‎[7], archived from the original on 2022-09-30:
          Even CrossFitters disagree on how to read the clowns; some box owners join outsider critics in condemning them as dangerous and distance themselves from boxes that still display them.
        • 2021 August 22, Michael Segalov, quoting Joel Dommett, “Sunday with Joel Dommett: ‘In bed until 10am if I'm feeling fruity'”, in The Guardian‎[8], archived from the original on 2022-11-29:
          This is really sad, but I'd go to this amazing CrossFit box called Tio with barbells outside on the edge of a park so you can enjoy the sunshine. I'd go with friends, we'd play loud music, lift weights and get tanned.
      24. (cricket) A hard protector for the genitals worn inside the underpants by a batsman or close fielder.
        Synonym: (US) cup
        • 2011, John Duncan, “Rory Bremner”, in Cricket Wonderful Cricket, London: John Blake Publishing, →ISBN:
          His [Rory Bremner's] brilliant story about having his box turned inside out by a delivery from Jeff Thomson – he contrasts it with Andrew Flintoff being hit in the box by Cardigan Connor. [David] Lloyd came up to Flintoff, and said, "Cardigan Connor? You consider it an honour to be hit by Cardigan. Do you remember Jeff Thomson? I was hit amidships by him, and it was not a glancing blow. I was wearing one of those old boxes – you know, the pink ones, like a soap dish. It ended up that everything that was supposed to be inside the box had come outside the box – through the air holes!"
      25. (cricket) Synonym of gully (“a certain fielding position”)
      26. (engineering) A cylindrical casing around the axle of a wheel, a bearing, a gland, etc.
        • 1844, Thomas Webster, assisted by the late Mrs. [William] Parkes, “[Book XXIII. Carriages.] Chap. VI. Various Details Respecting the Parts of a Carriage.”, in An Encyclopædia of Domestic Economy: […], London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, paragraph 6684, page 1124:
          In common axles, the wheel is prevented from coming off by a pin, called the linch pin, passing through the end of the axletree arm, the name of the part that the wheel turns upon; but as many serious accidents have happened through the linch pin failing and the wheel coming off, an improved method of securing the latter is now practised, by means of a box called the axletree box, which is contrived to answer the double purpose of keeping on the wheel, and to hold oil, grease, or some lubricating substance for lessening the friction.
      28. (fencing) A device used in electric fencing to detect whether a weapon has struck an opponent, which connects to a fencer's weapon by a spool and body wire. It uses lights and sound to notify a hit, with different coloured lights for on target and off target hits.
        • 2009, Suzanne Slade, “Electric Fencing: Get Hooked Up”, in Fencing for Fun!, Mankato, Minn.: Compass Point Books, →ISBN, pages 30–31:
          In electric fencing, foil and saber fencers wear lames, which are thin outer jackets that cover their target areas. Lames are made from fabric that conducts electricity. When a fencer touches an opponent's lame with his or her blade, an electronic signal is sent to the scoring box. A colored light goes on to signal a touch. […] In épée, the whole body is the target, so épée fencers do not need to wear lames. A signal is sent to the scoring box from the épée any time a touch is made.
      29. (dated) A small country house.
        • 1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, III.vi.9:
          “I dare say the sheriff, or the mayor and corporation, or some of those sort of people, would give him money enough, for the use of it, to run him up a mighty pretty neat little box somewhere near Richmond.”
        • 1782, William Cowper, “Retirement”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 282:
          Suburban villas, highway-ſide retreats, / That dread th' encroachment of our growing ſtreets, / Tight boxes, neatly ſaſh'd, and in a blaze / With all a July ſun's collected rays, / Delight the citizen, who gaſping there, / Breathes clouds of duſt and calls it country air.
        • [1840?], [John Mackay] Wilson, “The Runaway”, in Wilson’s Historical, Traditionary, and Imaginative Tales of the Borders, and of Scotland: […], volume VI, number 273, Manchester: Published by James Ainsworth, […]; London: E. T. Brain & Co., […]; New York, N.Y.: R. T. Shannon, →OCLC, page 97:
          What can a man know of a country or its people, who, merely passes through the former in a stage coach? […] Such were the arguments by which I induced myself to undertake a pedestrian trip to join my friend at his shooting-box, some hundred and fifty miles from Carlisle, where I had arrived from London; business compelling me to take that route.
      30. (colloquial, chiefly Southern US) A stringed instrument with a soundbox, especially a guitar. [from 20th c.]
        • 1937, Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Amistad, published 2013, page 123:
          So Tea Cake took the guitar and played himself. He was glad of the chance because he hadn't had his hand on a box since he put his in the pawn shop to get some money to hire a car for Janie soon after he met her.
    2. Senses relating to a two-dimensional object or space
      1. A rectangle: an oblong or a square.
        Place a tick in the box.
        This text would stand out better if we put it in a coloured box.
        • 2009, Natalie M[yra] Rosinsky, “Setting the Scene”, in Write Your Own Graphic Novel, Mankato, Minn.: Compass Point Books, →ISBN, page 16:
          [G]raphic novelists must think "inside the box" in some significant ways. Like comic books, each page of a graphic novel usually displays from one to nine outlined boxes with pictures and words that tell a story. Another tradition places the descriptions of events or scenes in smaller rectangles set within panels. These rectangles are called narrative boxes. […] Use narrative boxes with words such as "Far away" or "Meanwhile" to tell readers when you are moving the action somewhere else.
      2. (baseball) The rectangle in which the batter stands.
        • 2003, Jim Puhalla, Jeff Krans, Mike Goatley, “Soil”, in Baseball and Softball Fields: Design, Construction, Renovation, and Maintenance, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, part I (Design and Construction), section 3.3c, page 64:
          As anyone who has ever maintained a baseball or softball diamond would agree, the pitcher's mound and batter's box present a special challenge. […] Batters dig in at the plate, disturbing the soil and making a hole that base runners must slide across when they approach the plate. To withstand the special stresses on these areas, only clay-based soils provide the necessary soil strength. […] [S]ome manufacturers have introduced clay-based soil products for pitcher's mounds and batter's boxes. These products include additives with special binding properties and are specifically designed to resist the stresses applied by the cleats of pitchers and batters.
      3. (genetics) One of two specific regions in a promoter.
        • 1990, David De Pomerai, “Gene Organisation and Control”, in From Gene to Animal: An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of Animal Development, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 1.3 (Transcriptional Control), page 11:
          Similar considerations apply in the case of tRNA genes, where the internal promoter is split into two functional domains (box A and box B) which must be a minimum distance apart […]. The first 11 bp of the internal control region in the Xenopus 5S gene are structurally and functionally homologous to the box A element of tRNA gene promoters, […]
      5. (juggling) A pattern usually performed with three balls where the movements of the balls make a boxlike shape.
        • 2010 April, Michael J. Gelb, 5 Keys to High Performance: Juggle Your Way to Success‎[9], [Prince Frederick, Md.]: Gildan Digital, →ISBN, part III (The Art of Juggling: Expanding Your Influence with Spheres):
          Your hands rest on the bottom plane of the box, relaxed and open; forearms are parallel with the ground and elbows close to your body. Balls thrown from your right hand are aimed at the point to the left of center of the top of the box. When you hit this point the ball will land in your left hand. Balls thrown from your left hand are aimed at the point to the right of center of the top of the box.
      6. (lacrosse, informal) Short for box lacrosse (“indoor form of lacrosse”).
        • 2003, John Crossingham, “The Essentials” and “Goaltending”, in Bobbie Kalman, editor, Lacrosse in Action (Sports in Action), New York, N.Y., St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Publishing Company, →ISBN, pages 12 and 30:
          [page 12] Field players wear shoes with short spikes, called cleats, on the soles. Box players wear court shoes, which have grooved rubber soles. […] [page 30] Field goalies have larger nets to protect than goalies in box lacrosse have. Box goalies wear more pads.
      7. (soccer) The penalty area.
      8. (aviation) A diamond-shaped flying formation consisting of four aircraft.
    3. (geometry, by extension) A rectangular object in any number of dimensions.
      Synonyms: hyperrectangle, orthotope
    Usage notes
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    Hyponyms
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    Hyponyms of box (noun, etymology 1)
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
    [edit]
    Descendants of box
    Translations
    [edit]
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked
    See also
    [edit]
    • tofu (“empty box displayed by some computer systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts”)

    Verb

    [edit]

    box (third-person singular simple present boxes, present participle boxing, simple past and past participle boxed)

    1. (transitive) To place inside a box; to pack in one or more boxes.
      • 1991 August, Karen Motylewski, “Surveying Your Own Institution: What Do You Need to Know?”, in What an Institution Can Do to Survey Its Own Preservation Needs (Technical Leaflet: General Preservation; 508-470-1010), Andover, Mass.: Northeast Document Conservation Center, →OCLC, section V.D.6 (Scrapbooks and Ephemera), page 21; reprinted in Sherry Byrne, Collection Maintenance and Improvement (Preservation Planning Program), Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, 1993, →ISBN, page 87:
        Scrapbooks that have enduring value in their original form should be individually boxed in custom-fitted boxes.
      • 2017, B. J. Daniels, “Gun-shy Bride”, in Cold Justice, 2nd Australian paperback edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Harlequin Mills & Boon, →ISBN, chapter 1:
        "I best get busy and box up these bones," she said, suddenly anxious to get moving. […] As she started to step around the grave washed out by last night's rainstorm, the sun caught on something caught in the mud.
    2. (transitive) Usually followed by in: to surround and enclose in a way that restricts movement; to corner, to hem in.
      • 1996, Bill Borcherdt, “The Door Swings Both Ways: When Children Double Bind Their Parents”, in Making Families Work and What to Do when They Don’t: Thirty Guides for Imperfect Parents of Imperfect Children (Haworth Marriage and the Family), New York, N.Y.: The Haworth Press, →ISBN; republished Binghamton, N.Y.: The Haworth Press, 2007, →ISBN, page 65:
        A large majority of children seem to delight in emotionally boxing in their parents—setting the double-bind trap by giving the parent two choices but determining ahead of time that neither choice will be sufficient for their satisfaction.
    3. (transitive) To mix two containers of paint of similar colour to ensure that the color is identical.
      • 2004, Brian Santos, “Painting Like a Pro”, in Painting Secrets from Brian Santos, the Wall Wizard, Des Moines, Iowa: Meredith Books, →ISBN, page 95:
        Straining eliminates lumps in the paint. If the paint has separated, stir the thick paint up from the bottom of each can to free as many lumps as possible. Then box the paint, pouring it all together through a nylon paint strainer and into the bucket. Paint less than one year old usually doesn't require straining. Older paint might have a thick skin on the top; remove the skin and set it aside. Box the paint, pouring it through a nylon paint strainer into the bucket.
    4. (transitive, agriculture) To make an incision or hole in (a tree) for the purpose of procuring the sap.
      • 1918 April, F. L. B., “The Maple Sugar Industry”, in Forest Leaves, volume XVI, number 8 (number 184 overall), Philadelphia, Pa.: Pennsylvania Forestry Association, →OCLC, page 115, column 2:
        The early settlers either boxed the tree or cut large slanting gashes, from the lower end of which a rudely fashioned spout conducted the sap to a bucket. This method was very destructive to the tree, and boring was substituted for it.
    5. (transitive, architecture) To enclose with boarding, lathing, etc., so as to conceal (for example, pipes) or to bring to a required form.
    6. (transitive, engineering) To furnish (for example, the axle of a wheel) with a box.
      • 1862 February 25, Archibald Alison (judge), “Sarah Hamil, or Docherty, relict of the deceased Daniel Docherty, Agnes Docherty, and Sarah Docherty, residing with her, his daughters and only children, v. James Alexander, Glasgow, Calenderer, defender”, in The Scottish Law Magazine and Sheriff Court Reporter, volume I (New Series), Glasgow: Thomas Murray & Son, […]; Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart, published December 1862, →OCLC, page 41, column 1:
        [T]he death of the said deceased Daniel Docherty, while in the defender's employment as an engineman, […] is alleged to have been owing to the engine house, which contained the engine of which the deceased had charge, being of a dangerous and improper construction, and the fly-wheel not having been boxed in or covered: […]
    7. (transitive, graphic design, printing) To enclose (images, text, etc.) in a box.
    8. (transitive, object-oriented programming) To place a value of a primitive type into a casing object.
    Conjugation
    [edit]
    Conjugation of box
    infinitive (to) box
    present tense past tense
    1st-person singular box boxed
    2nd-person singular
    3rd-person singular boxes
    plural box
    subjunctive box boxed
    imperative box —
    participles boxing boxed
    Synonyms
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    Antonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Terms derived from box (verb, etymology 1)
    [edit]
    Terms related to box (verb, etymology 1)
    Translations
    [edit]
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    The common box, European box, or boxwood (Buxus sempervirens; sense 1)
    A box scrub or Brisbane box tree (Lophostemon confertus; sense 4) in Pretoria, South Africa
      Etymology tree
      Latin buxusbor.
      Proto-West Germanic *buhs
      Old English box
      Middle English box
      English box

      From Middle English box (“box tree; boxwood”), from Old English box (“box tree”),[4] from Proto-West Germanic *buhs (“box tree; thing made from boxwood”), from Latin buxus (“box tree; thing made from boxwood”), buxum (“box tree; boxwood”), possibly from πύξος (púxos, “box tree; boxwood”).[5]

      Noun

      [edit]

      box (plural boxes)

      1. Any of various evergreen shrubs or trees of genus Buxus, especially common box, European box, or boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) which is often used for making hedges and topiary.
        • 1587, Leuinus Lemnius, translated by Thomas Newton, An Herball to the Bible […] ‎[11], London: Edmund Bollifant, page 207:
          And no maruell. For, the leaues of Boxe be deletorious, poiſonous, deadlie, and to the bodie of man very noiſome, dangerous and peſtilent […]
        • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter V, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 130–131:
          He strayed down a walk edged with box; with apple trees, pear trees, and cherry trees on one side, and a border on the other, full of all sorts of old-fashioned flowers, stocks, sweet-williams, primroses, pansies, mingled with southernwood, sweet-briar, and various fragrant herbs.
        • 2014 November 19, Ambra Edwards, “Topiary: We're all going bonkers about box [print version: Bonkers about box, 22 November 2014, page G3]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening)‎[12]:
          "Box makes a statement without having to do much: just trim twice a year and keep it weeded. It's a bit of a lazy gardener's plant." This, no doubt, is what makes box so popular with show home developers and city dwellers – there is scarce a balcony or front door anywhere that cannot be improved by a box ball in a pot.
      2. The wood from a box tree: boxwood.
        • 1885 April 10, John R. Jackson, “Boxwood and Its Substitutes”, in Journal of the Society of Arts, volume XXXIII, number 1,690, London: Published for the Society by George Bell and Sons, […], page 567, column 1:
          Nevertheless, the application of woods other than box for purposes for which that wood is now used would tend to lessen the demand for box, and thus might have an effect in lowering its price.
      3. (music, slang) A musical instrument, especially one made from boxwood.
      4. (Australia) An evergreen tree of the genus Lophostemon (for example, box scrub, Brisbane box, brush box, pink box, or Queensland box, Lophostemon confertus).
      5. (Australia) Various species of Eucalyptus trees are popularly called various kinds of boxes, on the basis of the nature of their wood, bark, or appearance for example, drooping box (Eucalyptus bicolor), shiny-leaved box (Eucalyptus tereticornis), black box, or ironbark box trees.
        • 1909, J. H. Maiden, A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus, Government of the State of New South Wales:
          The name "Black Box" seems to be most generally in use for this species, Eucalyptus boormani; the even better name of "Ironbark Box" (which certainly indicates its affinities) is nearly as frequently in use.
      Derived terms
      [edit]
      Terms derived from box (noun, etymology 2)
      Translations
      [edit]

      Etymology 3

      [edit]
        A woman practising boxing in Brazil

        From Middle English box (“a blow; a stroke with a weapon”);[6] further origin uncertain, with relation[7] to Proto-Germanic *boki-, whence Danish bask (“a blow; a stripe”), Danish baske (“to flap, move around, beat violently”), Middle Dutch boke (“a blow, a hit”), bōken (“to slap, strike”) (modern Dutch beuken (“to slap”)), West Frisian bûkje, bûtse, bûtsje (“to slap”), West Frisian and Saterland Frisian batsje (“to slap”), Low German betschen (“to slap, beat with a flat hand”), Middle High German buc (“a blow, a stroke”), bochen (“to slap, strike”), and further onomatopoeic shaping.

        The verb is from Middle English boxen (“to beat or whip (an animal)”), which is derived from the noun.[8]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box (plural boxes)

        1. A blow with the fist.
        Synonyms
        [edit]
        Translations
        [edit]

        Verb

        [edit]

        box (third-person singular simple present boxes, present participle boxing, simple past and past participle boxed)

        1. (transitive) To strike with the fists; to punch.
          to box someone’s ears
          Leave this place before I box you!
        2. (transitive, boxing) To fight against (a person) in a boxing match.
        3. (intransitive, stative, boxing) To participate in boxing; to be a boxer.
        Derived terms
        [edit]
        Terms derived from box (verb, etymology 3)
        Descendants
        [edit]
        Translations
        [edit]

        Etymology 4

        [edit]
        A box or bogue (Boops boops), a variety of sea bream

        From Latin bōx, from Ancient Greek βῶξ (bôx, “box (marine fish)”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, view”), a reference to the large size of the fish's eyes relative to its body.[9]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box (plural boxes)

        1. (dated) A Mediterranean food fish of the genus Boops, which is a variety of sea bream; a bogue or oxeye.
          • 1859, Albert Günther, “Fam. 7. SPARIDÆ”, in Catalogue of Acanthopterygian Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum, volume I (Gasterosteidæ, Berycidæ, Percidæ, Aphredoderidæ, Pristipomatidæ, Mullidæ, Sparidæ), London: Printed [by Taylor and Francis] by order of the trustees [of the British Museum], →OCLC, page 418:
            BOX. Box (Boops), […] In both jaws a single anterior series of broad incisors, notched at the cutting margin; no molars.
          • 1860, William Yarrell, “The Bogue”, in John Richardson, editor, Second Supplement to the First Edition of the History of British Fishes, […], London: John Van Voorst, […], →OCLC, page 6:
            The Bogue. […] Box or Boops. Generic Character.—Body elongated, rounded, the dorsal and ventral profiles alike, and the general aspect peculiarly trim.
          • 1862, Jonathan Couch, A History of the Fishes of the British Islands, volume I, London: Groombridge and Sons, […], →OCLC, page 225:
            BOGUE. BOX. OXEYE. […] In some parts of the European side of the Mediterranean the Bogue is a common fish, and where it frequents it is in great abundance.
        Translations
        [edit]

        References

        [edit]
        1. ^ “box, n.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 August 2018.
        2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Compare “box, n.2”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1887.
        3. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “box”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
        4. ^ “box, n.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 August 2018.
        5. ^ “box, n.1”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1887.
        6. ^ “box, n.(3)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 August 2018.
        7. ^ “box, n.3”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1887.
        8. ^ “boxen, v.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 August 2018; “box, v.2”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1887.
        9. ^ “Class IV.—PISCES.”, in Illustrations of Zoology. […], London: Published by John Joseph Griffin and Co., […]; Glasgow: Richard Griffin and Co., 1851, →OCLC, page 112: “Boops. The eyes of the fish belonging to the genus are very large, whence the generic name from the Greek βοῦς, an Ox, and ὤψ, an eye.”

        Further reading

        [edit]

        Anagrams

        [edit]

        Czech

        [edit]
        Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia cs
        box

        Noun

        [edit]

        box m inan

        1. boxing (the sport of boxing)

        Declension

        [edit]
        Declension of box (hard masculine inanimate)
        singular plural
        nominative box boxy
        genitive boxu boxů
        dative boxu boxům
        accusative box boxy
        vocative boxe boxy
        locative boxu boxech
        instrumental boxem boxy
        [edit]

        Further reading

        [edit]
        • “box”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
        • “box”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

        Dutch

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        Borrowed from English box. Doublet of buks (“shotgun”), bus (“container”), and pyxis.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box m (plural boxen, diminutive boxje n)

        1. speaker, loudspeaker
          Synonyms: luidspreker, speaker
        2. playpen
        3. compartment for livestock
        4. tax category
          Inkomen uit loonarbeid valt onder box 1. ― Income from salaried work belongs to tax category 1.

        Descendants

        [edit]

        French

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        From English box. Doublet of boîte.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box m (plural box or boxes)

        1. stall (for a horse), loose box
        2. compartment, cubicle
        3. garage, lock-up (for a car)

        Derived terms

        [edit]

        Further reading

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box f (plural box)

        1. Electronic equipment used for internet access (component of the digital subscriber line technology)

        Hungarian

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box

        1. Misspelling of boksz.

        Icelandic

        [edit]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box n (genitive singular box, nominative plural box)

        1. box (container)
          Synonym: kassi
        2. (sports) boxing
          Synonym: hnefaleikar

        Declension

        [edit]
        Declension of box (neuter)
        singular plural
        indefinite definite indefinite definite
        nominative box boxið box boxin
        accusative box boxið box boxin
        dative boxi boxinu boxum boxunum
        genitive box boxins boxa boxanna

        Derived terms

        [edit]

        Italian

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        Pseudo-anglicism, from English box, variously clipped (in the meaning "horsebox") or with transferred senses.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        box m (invariable)

        1. horsebox
        2. (automotive) garage, lock-up
        3. (motor racing) pit
        4. playpen

        Latin

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        From Ancient Greek βῶξ (bôx).

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        bōx m (genitive bōcis); third declension

        1. a kind of marine fish

        Declension

        [edit]

        Third-declension noun.

        singular plural
        nominative bōx bōcēs
        genitive bōcis bōcum
        dative bōcī bōcibus
        accusative bōcem bōcēs
        ablative bōce bōcibus
        vocative bōx bōcēs

        References

        [edit]
        • “box”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
        • box in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
        • box in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

        Middle English

        [edit]

        Alternative forms

        [edit]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Etymology 1

        [edit]

          From Old English box, from Proto-West Germanic *buhs, borrowed from Latin buxus.

          Noun

          [edit]

          box (plural boxes)

          1. box tree (the tree Buxus sempervirens)
          2. the wood of this tree; boxwood
          Descendants
          [edit]
          References
          [edit]

          Etymology 2

          [edit]

            From Old English box, from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā, borrowed from Late Latin buxis, borrowed from Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís), from πῠ́ξος (púxos) + -ις (-is).

            Noun

            [edit]

            box (plural boxes)

            1. A cylindrical jar.
            2. A case, container or strongbox.
            3. A bloodletting cup.
            4. (anatomy) The socket of a joint.
            Descendants
            [edit]
            • English: box (see there for further descendants)
            • Scots: box

            Etymology 3

            [edit]

              Unknown; see English box (“blow with the fist”) for more.

              Noun

              [edit]

              box (plural boxes)

              1. box (a blow with the fist)
              Descendants
              [edit]
              • English: box (see there for further descendants)
              • Scots: box

              References

              [edit]

              Old English

              [edit]

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Etymology 1

              [edit]

                From Proto-West Germanic *buhs, borrowed from Latin buxus.

                Noun

                [edit]

                box m

                1. box tree
                Declension
                [edit]

                Strong a-stem:

                singular plural
                nominative box boxas
                accusative box boxas
                genitive boxes boxa
                dative boxe boxum
                Descendants
                [edit]
                • Middle English: box

                Etymology 2

                [edit]

                  From Proto-West Germanic *buhsā, borrowed from Late Latin buxis, borrowed from Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís), from πῠ́ξος (púxos) + -ις (-is).

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  box m

                  1. box
                  Declension
                  [edit]

                  Strong a-stem:

                  singular plural
                  nominative box boxas
                  accusative box boxas
                  genitive boxes boxa
                  dative boxe boxum
                  Derived terms
                  [edit]
                  Descendants
                  [edit]
                  • Middle English: box
                    • English: box (see there for further descendants)
                    • Scots: box

                  Portuguese

                  [edit]
                  FWOTD – 9 May 2013

                  Alternative forms

                  [edit]

                  Etymology

                  [edit]

                  Unadapted borrowing from English box.

                  Pronunciation

                  [edit]
                   

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  box (Brazil) m or (Portugal) f (plural boxes) (proscribed)

                  1. stall (for a horse)
                  2. electronic equipment used for internet access (component of the digital subscriber line technology)
                  3. (Brazil) shower stall; area of a bathroom, separated by a curtain or panes, where the shower is located
                    • 2003, Eileen G. de Paiva e Mello, Questão de Tempo, Thesaurus Editora, page 150:
                      A mais velha procurava arrancar a cortina do box, pendurando-se nela!
                      The oldest one wanted to pull off the stall curtain by hanging to it!

                  Derived terms

                  [edit]

                  Romanian

                  [edit]

                  Pronunciation

                  [edit]

                  Etymology 1

                  [edit]

                  Borrowed from French boxe.

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  box n (plural boxuri)

                  1. (sports) boxing (the sport of)
                    Synonyms: pugilat, pugilism, pugilistică
                  2. a kind of sword

                  Etymology 2

                  [edit]

                  From French box.

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  box

                  1. bovine leather

                  Etymology 3

                  [edit]

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  box

                  1. a breed of bulldog

                  Spanish

                  [edit]

                  Etymology

                  [edit]

                  Borrowed from English box. Doublet of buje.

                  Pronunciation

                  [edit]
                  • IPA(key): /ˈboɡs/ [ˈboɣ̞s]
                  • Rhymes: -oɡs
                  • Syllabification: box

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  box m (plural boxes)

                  1. (motor racing) pit
                  2. (sports) box
                  3. (Mexico, Southern Cone) boxing (sport)
                    Synonym: boxeo

                  Derived terms

                  [edit]

                  Further reading

                  [edit]

                  Swedish

                  [edit]

                  Pronunciation

                  [edit]

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  box c

                  1. a box, crate; a cuboid container
                  2. (somewhat dated) a box (blow with the fist)

                  Declension

                  [edit]
                  Declension of box
                  nominative genitive
                  singular indefinite box box
                  definite boxen boxens
                  plural indefinite boxar boxars
                  definite boxarna boxarnas

                  Derived terms

                  [edit]

                  References

                  [edit]
                  Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=box&oldid=82784623"