finir

See also: finîr

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan fenir (perhaps later influenced by fin), from Latin fīnīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [fiˈni]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [fiˈniɾ]

Verb

finir (first-person singular present fineixo, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finit)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to end, finish, conclude

   Synonyms: acabar, finalitzar, finar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			finir
gerund			finint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		finit		finida
		plural		finits		finides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	fineixo	fineixes	fineix	finim	finiu	fineixen
	imperfect	finia	finies	finia	finíem	finíeu	finien
	future	finiré	finiràs	finirà	finirem	finireu	finiran
	preterite	finí	finires	finí	finírem	finíreu	finiren
	conditional	finiria	finiries	finiria	finiríem	finiríeu	finirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	fineixi	fineixis	fineixi	finim	finiu	fineixin
	imperfect	finís	finissis	finís	finíssim	finíssiu	finissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	fineix	fineixi	finim	finiu	fineixin
	negative (no)	—	no fineixis	no fineixi	no finim	no finiu	no fineixin

Further reading

• “finir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “finir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “finir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “finir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French finir, from Middle French fenir (altered by association with fin), from Latin fīnīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fi.niʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: finirent
• Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

finir

1. to finish, end, complete

   J’ai fini les devoirs hier.

   I finished the homework yesterday.

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like nourrir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of finir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	finir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	finissant /fi.ni.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		fini /fi.ni/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	finis /fi.ni/	finis /fi.ni/	finit /fi.ni/	finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/	finissez /fi.ni.se/	finissent /fi.nis/
	imperfect	finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/	finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/	finissait /fi.ni.sɛ/	finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/	finissiez /fi.ni.sje/	finissaient /fi.ni.sɛ/
	past historic2	finis /fi.ni/	finis /fi.ni/	finit /fi.ni/	finîmes /fi.nim/	finîtes /fi.nit/	finirent /fi.niʁ/
	future	finirai /fi.ni.ʁe/	finiras /fi.ni.ʁa/	finira /fi.ni.ʁa/	finirons /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/	finirez /fi.ni.ʁe/	finiront /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/	finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/	finirait /fi.ni.ʁɛ/	finirions /fi.ni.ʁjɔ̃/	finiriez /fi.ni.ʁje/	finiraient /fi.ni.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	finisse /fi.nis/	finisses /fi.nis/	finisse /fi.nis/	finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/	finissiez /fi.ni.sje/	finissent /fi.nis/
	imperfect2	finisse /fi.nis/	finisses /fi.nis/	finît /fi.ni/	finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/	finissiez /fi.ni.sje/	finissent /fi.nis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	finis /fi.ni/	—	finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/	finissez /fi.ni.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• à n’en plus finir
• contrôleur des travaux finis
• en finir
• finir ses jours
• inspecteur des travaux finis
• produit fini
• tout est bien qui finit bien

 

Related terms

• défini
• fin
• fini
• finissage
• finisseur, finisseuse
• finition
• indéfini
• infini

 

Further reading

• “finir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiˈnir/

Verb

finir

1. past infinitive of finar

Interlingua

Etymology

From French.

Verb

finir

1. to finish

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir

infinitive		finir
participle		present	perfect
		finiente	finite
active		simple	perfect
	present	fini	ha finite
	past	finiva	habeva finite
	future	finira	habera finite
	conditional	finirea	haberea finite
	imperative	fini
passive		simple	perfect
	present	es finite	ha essite finite
	past	esseva finite	habeva essite finite
	future	essera finite	habera essite finite
	conditional	esserea finite	haberea essite finite
	imperative	sia finite

Middle French

Alternative forms

• finer

Etymology

From Old French finir.

Verb

finir

1. (transitive, intransitive) to finish; to end

   Synonym: achever

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of finir

infinitive	simple	finir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	finissant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		fini
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	finis	finis	finit	finissons	finissez	finissent
	imperfect	finissois, finissoys	finissois, finissoys	finissoit, finissoyt	finissions	finissiez	finissoient, finissoyent
	past historic	finis	finis	finit	finismes	finistes	finirent
	future	finirai, finiray	finiras	finira	finirons	finirez	finiront
	conditional	finirois, finiroys	finirois, finiroys	finiroit, finiroyt	finirions	finiriez	finiroient, finiroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	finisse	finisses	finisse	finissions	finissiez	finissent
	imperfect	finisse	finisses	finist	finissions	finissiez	finissent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	finis	—	finissons	finissez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: finir

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (finir, supplement)

Norman

Etymology

From Old French finir, from Latin fīnīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fi.ni/
• (Cotentin) IPA^(key): /fĩ.nĩ/
• (Jersey) IPA^(key): /fĩ.ni/

Verb

finir

1. to finish

   Antonym: coumenchier

Conjugation

    Conjugation of the verb « finir » in Norman

infinitive			finir
gerund			finissant
auxiliary			aveir1
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fini		finie
		plural		finis		finies
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		je (j')	tu (t')	il, alle, nos	je (nos)	vos	il, alles
	present	finis	finis	finit	finissoms	finissez	finissent
	imperfect	finisseis	finisseis	finisseit	finissioms	finissiez	finisseient
	preterite	finis	finis	finit	finîmes	finîtes	finîtrent
	future	finirai	finiras	finira	finiroms	finirez	finiront
	conditional	finireis	finireis	finireit	finirioms	finiriez	finireient
subjunctive		que je (j')	que te (t')	qu'il, qu'alle, que nos	que je (que nos)	que vos	qu'il, qu'alles
	present	finisse	finisses	finisse	finissioms	finissiez	finissent
	imperfect	finisse	finisse	finît finisse	finissioms	finissiez	finissent
imperative		—	tu	—	je (nos)	vos	—
			finis		finissoms	finissez
1Used with past participles.

Old French

Verb

finir

1. Alternative form of finer

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of finir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		finir			avoir fini
gerund		en finissant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		finissant
past participle		fini
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	finis	finis	finist	finissons	finissez	finissent
	imperfect	finissoie, finisseie	finissoies, finisseies	finissoit, finisseit	finissiiens, finissiens	finissiiez, finissiez	finissoient, finisseient
	preterite	fini	finis	fini	finimes	finistes	finirent
	future	finirai	finiras	finira	finirons	finiroiz, finireiz, finirez	finiront
	conditional	finiroie, finireie	finiroies, finireies	finiroit, finireit	finiriiens, finiriens	finiriiez, finiriez	finiroient, finireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	finisse	finisses	finisse	finissons	finissez	finissent
	imperfect	finisse	finisses	finist	finissons, finissiens	finissoiz, finissez, finissiez	finissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	finis	—	finissons	finissez	—

Poitevin-Saintongeais

Etymology

Inherited from Old French fenir, from Latin finire.

Verb

finir

1. to end, finish

References

• Piveteau, Vianney (1996) Dicopoitevin‎^[1] (in French)

Spanish

Etymology

From an alteration of Old Spanish fenir (influenced by fin), from Latin fīnīre. Cf. also the doublet fenecer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiˈniɾ/ [fiˈniɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: fi‧nir

Verb

finir (first-person singular present fino, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finido)

1. (intransitive, Colombia) to end

   Synonyms: acabar, finalizar, terminar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			finir
gerund			finiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		finido		finida
		plural		finidos		finidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fino	finestú finísvos	fine	finimos	finís	finen
	imperfect	finía	finías	finía	finíamos	finíais	finían
	preterite	finí	finiste	finió	finimos	finisteis	finieron
	future	finiré	finirás	finirá	finiremos	finiréis	finirán
	conditional	finiría	finirías	finiría	finiríamos	finiríais	finirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fina	finastú finásvos2	fina	finamos	fináis	finan
	imperfect (ra)	finiera	finieras	finiera	finiéramos	finierais	finieran
	imperfect (se)	finiese	finieses	finiese	finiésemos	finieseis	finiesen
	future1	finiere	finieres	finiere	finiéremos	finiereis	finieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		finetú finívos	fina	finamos	finid	finan
	negative		no finas	no fina	no finamos	no fináis	no finan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Related terms

• fenecer
• fin
• finito

 

Further reading

• “finir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Venetan

Etymology

From Latin fīnīre. Compare Italian finire.

Verb

finir

1. (transitive) to finish, end, complete

Conjugation

• Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of finir (third conjugation)

infinitive	finir
auxiliary verb		aver	gerund		finéndo
past participle		finito, finìo
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	finiso	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finise	finimo	finì	(i/łe) finise
imperfect	finìa	(te) finivi	(el/ła) finìa	finìvimo	finivi	(i/łe) finìa
future	finirò	(te) finirè	(el/ła) finirà	finirémo	finirè	(i/łe) finirà
conditional	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	finirìa	(te) finirisi	(el/ła) finirìa	finirìsimo	finirisi	(i/łe) finirìa
subjunctive	che mi	che ti	che eło / eła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri / łore
present	finisa	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finisa	finimo	finì	(i/łe) finisa
imperfect	finise	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finise	finisimo	finisi	(i/łe) finise
imperative	—	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
	—	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finisa	finimo	finì	(i/łe) finisa