gaudeo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *gāwidēō, from earlier *gāwidējō, from Proto-Indo-European *geh₂widéh₁yeti, from an adjective *geh₂widos (which would be *gavidus similar to avidus and to āridus), from *geh₂w- (“to rejoice”). The stem, gāwid-, was made gaud-, but gāwidtos was made gavīsus retaining the i, which was lost in ausus (< awidtos) and in ārsus (< āridtos).

Cognate with gaudium, Gāius, Ancient Greek γηθέω (gēthéō), γαίω (gaíō), γάνῡμαι (gánūmai), γαῦρος (gaûros), γάνος (gános), Middle Irish guaire (“noble”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡau̯.de.oː/, [ˈɡäu̯d̪eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡau̯.de.o/, [ˈɡäːu̯d̪eo]

Verb

gaudeō (present infinitive gaudēre, perfect active gāvīsus sum); second conjugation, semi-deponent

1. to rejoice, make merry

   Synonyms: exhilarō, exsultō, ovō, grātulor, congrātulor, fruor

   Antonym: displiceō

   Gaudeamus igitur, iuvenes dum sumus.

   Let us therefore rejoice, while we are still young.

   (from the song De Brevitate Vitae)

2. to take pleasure in, be pleased with, delight in, enjoy

   Synonym: pāscor

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.811:

     Quid, victor, gaudēs? Haec tē victōria perdet.

     What, victor, pleases you? This victory will destroy you.
     (The poet admonishes Sextus Tarquinius for his actions and foreshadows events which will follow the rape of Lucretia.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of gaudeō (second conjugation, semi-deponent)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	gaudeō	gaudēs	gaudet	gaudēmus	gaudētis	gaudent
	imperfect	gaudēbam	gaudēbās	gaudēbat	gaudēbāmus	gaudēbātis	gaudēbant
	future	gaudēbō	gaudēbis	gaudēbit	gaudēbimus	gaudēbitis	gaudēbunt
	perfect	gāvīsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	gāvīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	gāvīsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	gaudeam	gaudeās	gaudeat	gaudeāmus	gaudeātis	gaudeant
	imperfect	gaudērem	gaudērēs	gaudēret	gaudērēmus	gaudērētis	gaudērent
	perfect	gāvīsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	gāvīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	gaudē	—	—	gaudēte	—
	future	—	gaudētō	gaudētō	—	gaudētōte	gaudentō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		gaudēre	gāvīsum esse	gāvīsūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		gaudēns	gāvīsus	gāvīsūrus	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		gaudendī	gaudendō	gaudendum	gaudendō	gāvīsum	gāvīsū

Derived terms

• aggaudeō
• congaudeō
• gaudebundus
• gaudēns
• gaudibundus
• gāvīsus
• pergaudeō
• praegaudeō
• supergaudeō

 

Related terms

• gaudiālis
• gaudimōnium
• gaudivigēns

Descendants

• Balkan romance:
  • Megleno-Romanian: găudi
• Dalmatian:
  • gaudar
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: godere
    • → Sardinian: godire, bodire (Logudorese)
  • Neapolitan: godere
  • Sicilian: gòdiri, còliri
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: gjoldi
  • Istriot: guodi
  • Ladin: goder
  • Romagnol: gudér
  • Romansch: giudair, guder (Sursilvan), giuder (Sutsilvan), galdeir (Surmiran), giodair (Puter, Vallader)
  • Venetan: gòder
    • → Cimbrian: gòdaran
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: goir
  • Old French: joir (see there for further descendants)
  • Occitan: gausir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Navarro-Aragonese: godir
  • Portuguese: gouvir (archaic)
• Borrowings
  • → Catalan: gaudir
  • → English: gaud
  • → French: gaudir (archaic)
  • → Maltese: gawda (via some Romance language)
  • → Occitan: gaudir
  • → Portuguese: gaudiar

References

• “gaudeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gaudeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gaudeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)