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ruoka

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Finnish

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Various foodstuffs

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *rooka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rōkā ("care, attention", later *rōkō). Cognates include Estonian roog, Votic rookõ, Ludian ruog. Compare ruokkia.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈruo̯kɑ/, [ˈruo̞̯kɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -uokɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): ruo‧ka
  • The ruoa- in inflected forms is generally pronounced as if it were ruua-.

Noun

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ruoka

  1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
    Synonym: ravinto
    Me tarvitsemme ruokaa, emme aseita.
    We need food, not weapons.
  2. meal (food that is prepared and eaten)
    Synonym: ateria

Usage notes

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Both of the two ways of inflecting ruoka presented below are regarded as equally acceptable by Kotus, an authority in Finnish language. In practice, the former declension is more common in written language while the latter is more common in spoken language. The pronunciation almost always matches the latter one, however.

Declension

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Inflection of ruoka (Kotus type 10*D/koira, k- gradation)
nominative ruoka ruoat
genitive ruoan ruokien
partitive ruokaa ruokia
illative ruokaan ruokiin
singular plural
nominative ruoka ruoat
accusative nom. ruoka ruoat
gen. ruoan
genitive ruoan ruokien
ruokain rare
partitive ruokaa ruokia
inessive ruoassa ruoissa
elative ruoasta ruoista
illative ruokaan ruokiin
adessive ruoalla ruoilla
ablative ruoalta ruoilta
allative ruoalle ruoille
essive ruokana ruokina
translative ruoaksi ruoiksi
abessive ruoatta ruoitta
instructive ruoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of ruoka (Kotus type 10*D/koira, k- gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokani ruokani
accusative nom. ruokani ruokani
gen. ruokani
genitive ruokani ruokieni
ruokaini rare
partitive ruokaani ruokiani
inessive ruoassani ruoissani
elative ruoastani ruoistani
illative ruokaani ruokiini
adessive ruoallani ruoillani
ablative ruoaltani ruoiltani
allative ruoalleni ruoilleni
essive ruokanani ruokinani
translative ruoakseni ruoikseni
abessive ruoattani ruoittani
instructive
comitative ruokineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokasi ruokasi
accusative nom. ruokasi ruokasi
gen. ruokasi
genitive ruokasi ruokiesi
ruokaisi rare
partitive ruokaasi ruokiasi
inessive ruoassasi ruoissasi
elative ruoastasi ruoistasi
illative ruokaasi ruokiisi
adessive ruoallasi ruoillasi
ablative ruoaltasi ruoiltasi
allative ruoallesi ruoillesi
essive ruokanasi ruokinasi
translative ruoaksesi ruoiksesi
abessive ruoattasi ruoittasi
instructive
comitative ruokinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokamme ruokamme
accusative nom. ruokamme ruokamme
gen. ruokamme
genitive ruokamme ruokiemme
ruokaimme rare
partitive ruokaamme ruokiamme
inessive ruoassamme ruoissamme
elative ruoastamme ruoistamme
illative ruokaamme ruokiimme
adessive ruoallamme ruoillamme
ablative ruoaltamme ruoiltamme
allative ruoallemme ruoillemme
essive ruokanamme ruokinamme
translative ruoaksemme ruoiksemme
abessive ruoattamme ruoittamme
instructive
comitative ruokinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokanne ruokanne
accusative nom. ruokanne ruokanne
gen. ruokanne
genitive ruokanne ruokienne
ruokainne rare
partitive ruokaanne ruokianne
inessive ruoassanne ruoissanne
elative ruoastanne ruoistanne
illative ruokaanne ruokiinne
adessive ruoallanne ruoillanne
ablative ruoaltanne ruoiltanne
allative ruoallenne ruoillenne
essive ruokananne ruokinanne
translative ruoaksenne ruoiksenne
abessive ruoattanne ruoittanne
instructive
comitative ruokinenne
Inflection of ruoka (Kotus type 10*/koira, ok-u gradation)
nominative ruoka ruuat
genitive ruuan ruokien
partitive ruokaa ruokia
illative ruokaan ruokiin
singular plural
nominative ruoka ruuat
accusative nom. ruoka ruuat
gen. ruuan
genitive ruuan ruokien
ruokain rare
partitive ruokaa ruokia
inessive ruuassa ruuissa
elative ruuasta ruuista
illative ruokaan ruokiin
adessive ruualla ruuilla
ablative ruualta ruuilta
allative ruualle ruuille
essive ruokana ruokina
translative ruuaksi ruuiksi
abessive ruuatta ruuitta
instructive ruuin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of ruoka (Kotus type 10*/koira, ok-u gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokani ruokani
accusative nom. ruokani ruokani
gen. ruokani
genitive ruokani ruokieni
ruokaini rare
partitive ruokaani ruokiani
inessive ruuassani ruuissani
elative ruuastani ruuistani
illative ruokaani ruokiini
adessive ruuallani ruuillani
ablative ruualtani ruuiltani
allative ruualleni ruuilleni
essive ruokanani ruokinani
translative ruuakseni ruuikseni
abessive ruuattani ruuittani
instructive
comitative ruokineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokasi ruokasi
accusative nom. ruokasi ruokasi
gen. ruokasi
genitive ruokasi ruokiesi
ruokaisi rare
partitive ruokaasi ruokiasi
inessive ruuassasi ruuissasi
elative ruuastasi ruuistasi
illative ruokaasi ruokiisi
adessive ruuallasi ruuillasi
ablative ruualtasi ruuiltasi
allative ruuallesi ruuillesi
essive ruokanasi ruokinasi
translative ruuaksesi ruuiksesi
abessive ruuattasi ruuittasi
instructive
comitative ruokinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokamme ruokamme
accusative nom. ruokamme ruokamme
gen. ruokamme
genitive ruokamme ruokiemme
ruokaimme rare
partitive ruokaamme ruokiamme
inessive ruuassamme ruuissamme
elative ruuastamme ruuistamme
illative ruokaamme ruokiimme
adessive ruuallamme ruuillamme
ablative ruualtamme ruuiltamme
allative ruuallemme ruuillemme
essive ruokanamme ruokinamme
translative ruuaksemme ruuiksemme
abessive ruuattamme ruuittamme
instructive
comitative ruokinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ruokanne ruokanne
accusative nom. ruokanne ruokanne
gen. ruokanne
genitive ruokanne ruokienne
ruokainne rare
partitive ruokaanne ruokianne
inessive ruuassanne ruuissanne
elative ruuastanne ruuistanne
illative ruokaanne ruokiinne
adessive ruuallanne ruuillanne
ablative ruualtanne ruuiltanne
allative ruuallenne ruuillenne
essive ruokananne ruokinanne
translative ruuaksenne ruuiksenne
abessive ruuattanne ruuittanne
instructive
comitative ruokinenne

Derived terms

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compounds

See also

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References

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  • Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

Further reading

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Anagrams

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