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retenir

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: reteñir

Catalan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Catalan retenir, from Latin retinēre, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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retenir (first-person singular present retinc, first-person singular preterite retinguí, past participle retingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

  1. to retain; to keep
  2. to retain; to remember
  3. (reflexive) to control oneself; to control one's impulses

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of retenir (third conjugation, without -eix-, irregular, with velar infix)
infinitive retenir
gerund retenint
past participle masculine feminine
singular retingut retinguda
plural retinguts retingudes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present retinc retens reté retenim reteniu retenen
imperfect retenia retenies retenia reteníem reteníeu retenien
future retindré retindràs retindrà retindrem retindreu retindran
preterite retinguí retingueres retingué retinguérem retinguéreu retingueren
conditional retindria retindries retindria retindríem retindríeu retindrien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present retingui retinguis retingui retinguem retingueu retinguin
imperfect retingués retinguessis retingués retinguéssim retinguéssiu retinguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — retén, retingues retingui retinguem reteniu, retingueu retinguin
negative (no) — no retinguis no retingui no retinguem no retingueu no retinguin
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References

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  • “retenir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French retenir, from Old French retenir, from Vulgar Latin *retenīre, from Latin retinēre, from re- + teneō (“to hold”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʁə.t(ə).niʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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retenir

  1. (transitive) to retain, hold
    1. (transitive) to hold back, rein in
    2. (transitive) to keep, detain, hold up
  2. (transitive) to remember
  3. (transitive, intransitive) to accept (que that)
  4. (transitive, law) to uphold
  5. (reflexive) to restrain oneself, hold back
    Je n’ai pas pu me retenir, je n’ai pas pu m’en empêcher. ― I couldn't help myself.

Conjugation

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This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).

Conjugation of retenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple retenir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple retenant
/ʁə.t(ə).nɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle retenu
/ʁə.t(ə).ny/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present retiens
/ʁə.tjɛ̃/ 		retiens
/ʁə.tjɛ̃/ 		retient
/ʁə.tjɛ̃/ 		retenons
/ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/ 		retenez
/ʁə.t(ə).ne/ 		retiennent
/ʁə.tjɛn/
imperfect retenais
/ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ 		retenais
/ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ 		retenait
/ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ 		retenions
/ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/ 		reteniez
/ʁə.tə.nje/ 		retenaient
/ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/
past historic2 retins
/ʁə.tɛ̃/ 		retins
/ʁə.tɛ̃/ 		retint
/ʁə.tɛ̃/ 		retînmes
/ʁə.tɛ̃m/ 		retîntes
/ʁə.tɛ̃t/ 		retinrent
/ʁə.tɛ̃ʁ/
future retiendrai
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ 		retiendras
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ 		retiendra
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ 		retiendrons
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		retiendrez
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ 		retiendront
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
conditional retiendrais
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		retiendrais
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		retiendrait
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		retiendrions
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		retiendriez
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ 		retiendraient
/ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present retienne
/ʁə.tjɛn/ 		retiennes
/ʁə.tjɛn/ 		retienne
/ʁə.tjɛn/ 		retenions
/ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/ 		reteniez
/ʁə.tə.nje/ 		retiennent
/ʁə.tjɛn/
imperfect2 retinsse
/ʁə.tɛ̃s/ 		retinsses
/ʁə.tɛ̃s/ 		retînt
/ʁə.tɛ̃/ 		retinssions
/ʁə.tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ 		retinssiez
/ʁə.tɛ̃.sje/ 		retinssent
/ʁə.tɛ̃s/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — retiens
/ʁə.tjɛ̃/ 		— retenons
/ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/ 		retenez
/ʁə.t(ə).ne/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Middle French

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Etymology

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From Old French retenir.

Verb

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retenir

  1. to keep; to retain
    • 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 67:
      ceulx qui venoient en la dance estoient retenus
      those who came into the dance where retained

Descendants

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  • English: retain
  • French: retenir

Old French

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Etymology

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From Vulgar Latin *retenīre, from Latin retinēre, present active infinitive of retineō.

Verb

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retenir

  1. to keep; to retain

Conjugation

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This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem retien distinct from the unstressed stem reten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of retenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive retenir avoir retenu
gerund en retenant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle retenant
past participle retenu
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present retieng, retien retiens retient retenons retenez retienent
imperfect retenoie, reteneie retenoies, reteneies retenoit, reteneit reteniiens, reteniens reteniiez, reteniez retenoient, reteneient
preterite retin retenis retint retenimes retenistes retindrent, retinrent
future retendrai retendras retendra retendrons retendroiz, retendreiz, retendrez retendront
conditional retendroie, retendreie retendroies, retendreies retendroit, retendreit retendriiens, retendriens retendriiez, retendriez retendroient, retendreient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present retiegne retiegnes retiegne retiegniens, retiegnons retiegniez retiegnent
imperfect retenisse retenisses retenist retenissons, retenissiens retenissoiz, retenissez, retenissiez retenissent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— retien — retenons retenez —
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Descendants

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