skulu
Appearance
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse skulu, skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)
- shall, must
- Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)
- Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka.
- If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic.
- Einar Benediktsson
- Aðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.
- Exercise caution in the presence of a soul.
- Þú skalt ekki taka bílinn minn!
- You shall not take my car!
- Þú skalt ekki morð fremja.
- Thou shalt not kill.
- Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)
- to need
- (an emphatic verb) to will!
- Þú skalt sjá!
- You will see!
- to will
- Ég skal svara símanum.
- I'll pick up the phone.
- (encouragement) let us, shall
- Við skulum fara í bíó.
- Let's go to the movies.
Conjugation
[edit]1=skuluPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
skulu — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að skulu | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
past infinitive (nafnháttur þátíð) |
skyldu | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég skal | við skulum | present (nútíð) |
ég skuli | við skulum |
þú skalt | þið skuluð | þú skulir | þið skulið | ||
hann, hún, það skal | þeir, þær, þau skulu | hann, hún, það skuli | þeir, þær, þau skuli | ||
past (þátíð) |
-- | -- | past (þátíð) |
ég skyldi | við skyldum |
-- | -- | þú skyldir | þið skylduð | ||
-- | -- | hann, hún, það skyldi | þeir, þær, þau skyldu | ||
Note that the indicative past forms do not exist and that this verb only exists in the active, with no past participle. |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”). Cognate to Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”) (English shall).
Verb
[edit]skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)
Usage notes
[edit]- When auxiliary to copulae, the copula may be left out.
- Along with only two other verbs (munu and vilja), skulu has a special past tense infinitive. It is equal to the third person plural past tense skyldu. This rare form is mostly used when the verb of the main clause also is in the past tense.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of skulu (preterite-present)
infinitive | skulu | |
---|---|---|
present participle | skulandi | |
past participle | – | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | skal | skylda |
2nd-person singular | skalt | skyldir |
3rd-person singular | skal | skyldi |
1st-person plural | skulum | skyldum |
2nd-person plural | skuluð | skylduð |
3rd-person plural | skulu | skyldu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | skula, skyla | skylda |
2nd-person singular | skulir, skylir | skyldir |
3rd-person singular | skuli, skyli | skyldi |
1st-person plural | skulim, skylim | skyldim |
2nd-person plural | skulið, skylið | skyldið |
3rd-person plural | skuli, skyli | skyldi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | skul | |
1st-person plural | skulum | |
2nd-person plural | skuluð |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “skulu”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːlʏ
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic terms with quotations
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Most used Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic auxiliary verbs
- Icelandic preterite-present verbs
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skel-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse auxiliary verbs
- Old Norse preterite-present verbs