trucar

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [tɾuˈka]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [tɾuˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Homophones: trocar (Central Catalan), trucà (except Valencian)

Verb

trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truquí, past participle trucat)

1. to hit

   Synonym: tustar

2. to knock, to ring (at the door)
3. to call, to ring on the telephone

Conjugation

    Conjugation of trucar (first conjugation, c-qu alternation)

infinitive			trucar
gerund			trucant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		trucat		trucada
		plural		trucats		trucades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	truco	truques	truca	truquem	truqueu	truquen
	imperfect	trucava	trucaves	trucava	trucàvem	trucàveu	trucaven
	future	trucaré	trucaràs	trucarà	trucarem	trucareu	trucaran
	preterite	truquí	trucares	trucà	trucàrem	trucàreu	trucaren
	conditional	trucaria	trucaries	trucaria	trucaríem	trucaríeu	trucarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	truqui	truquis	truqui	truquem	truqueu	truquin
	imperfect	truqués	truquessis	truqués	truquéssim	truquéssiu	truquessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	truca	truqui	truquem	truqueu	truquin
	negative (no)	—	no truquis	no truqui	no truquem	no truqueu	no truquin

Derived terms

• truc
• truca
• trucada

 

Further reading

• “trucar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “trucar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Galician

Etymology

Perhaps from Old Occitan trucar, from Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/ [t̪ɾuˈkɑɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: tru‧car

Verb

trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truquei, past participle trucado)

1. to bang head with head (for example, the rams during a fight)
2. to knock
3. to charge
4. (figurative) to argue

Conjugation

    Conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	trucar
Personal	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucaren
Gerund
	trucando
Past participle
Masculine	trucado			trucados
Feminine	trucada			trucadas
Indicative
Present	truco	trucas	truca	trucamos	trucades	trucan
Imperfect	trucaba	trucabas	trucaba	trucabamos	trucabades	trucaban
Preterite	truquei	trucaches	trucou	trucamos	trucastes	trucaron
Pluperfect	trucara	trucaras	trucara	trucaramos	trucarades	trucaran
Future	trucarei	trucarás	trucará	trucaremos	trucaredes	trucarán
Conditional	trucaría	trucarías	trucaría	trucariamos	trucariades	trucarían
Subjunctive
Present	truque	truques	truque	truquemos	truquedes	truquen
Imperfect	trucase	trucases	trucase	trucásemos	trucásedes	trucasen
Future	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucaren
Imperative
Affirmative		truca	truque	truquemos	trucade	truquen
Negative (non)		non truques	non truque	non truquemos	non truquedes	non truquen

    Reintegrated conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	trucar
Personal	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucarem
Gerund
	trucando
Past participle
Masculine	trucado			trucados
Feminine	trucada			trucadas
Indicative
Present	truco	trucas	truca	trucamos	trucades, trucais	trucam
Imperfect	trucava	trucavas	trucava	trucávamos	trucávades, trucáveis, trucávais1	trucavam
Preterite	truquei	trucaste, trucache1	trucou	trucamos	trucastes	trucárom, trucaram
Pluperfect	trucara	trucaras	trucara	trucáramos	trucárades, trucáreis, trucárais1	trucaram
Future	trucarei	trucarás	trucará	trucaremos	trucaredes, trucareis	trucarám, trucarão
Conditional	trucaria	trucarias	trucaria	trucaríamos	trucaríades, trucaríeis, trucaríais1	trucariam
Subjunctive
Present	truque	truques	truque	truquemos	truquedes, truqueis	truquem
Imperfect	trucasse	trucasses	trucasse	trucássemos	trucássedes, trucásseis	trucassem
Future	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucarem
Imperative
Affirmative		truca	truque	truquemos	trucade, trucai	truquem
Negative (nom)		nom truques	nom truque	nom truquemos	nom truquedes, nom truqueis	nom truquem

¹Less recommended.

Synonyms

• turrar

Derived terms

• retrucar
• trucada

Related terms

• truque

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “trucar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “trucar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “trucar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “trucar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “trucar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Occitan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Occitan trucar, from Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre, from Latin trūdō + -icō.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

trucar

1. to hit; to strike

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		trucar			aver trucat
gerund		trucant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		trucat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	truqui	trucas	truca	trucam	trucatz	trucan
	imperfect	trucavi	trucavas	trucava	trucàvem	trucàvetz	trucavan
	preterite	truquèri	truquères	truquèt	truquèrem	truquèretz	truquèron
	future	trucarai	trucaràs	trucarà	trucarem	trucaretz	trucaràn
	conditional	trucariái	trucariás	trucariá	trucariam	trucariatz	trucarián
	conditional 2nd form1	truquèra	truquèras	truquèra	truqueram	truqueratz	truquèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	truque	truques	truque	truquem	truquetz	truquen
	imperfect	truquèssi	truquèsses	truquèsse	truquèssem	truquèssetz	truquèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			truca		truquem	trucatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		trucar			aver trucat
gerund		trucant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		trucat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	truque	truques	truca	trucam	trucatz	trucon
	imperfect	trucave	trucaves	trucava	trucaviam	trucaviatz	trucavon
	preterite	truquere	truqueres	truquet	truquem	truquetz	truqueron
	future	trucarai	trucaràs	trucará	trucarem	trucaretz	trucarán
	conditional	trucariá	trucariás	trucariá	trucariam	trucariatz	trucarián
	conditional 2nd form1	truquèra	truquèras	truquèra	truqueram	truqueratz	truquèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	truque	truques	truque	trucassiam	trucassiatz	trucon
	imperfect	truquesse	truquesses	truquesse	truquessiam	truquessiatz	truquesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			truca		trucassiam	trucatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		trucar			aver trucat
gerund		trucant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		trucat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	truqui	trucas	truca	trucam	trucatz	trucan
	imperfect	trucavi	trucavas	trucava	trucàvam	trucàvatz	trucavan
	preterite	truquèi	truquès	truquè	truquèm	truquètz	truquèn
	future	trucarèi	trucaràs	trucarà	trucaram	trucaratz	trucaràn
	conditional	trucarí	trucarés	trucaré	trucarem	trucaretz	trucarén
	conditional 2nd form1	truquèra	truquèras	truquèra	truqueram	truqueratz	truquèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	truqui	truques	truque	truquem	truquetz	truquen
	imperfect	truquèssi	truquèsses	truquèsse	truquèssem	truquèssetz	truquèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			truca		truquem	trucatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		trucar			aver trucat
gerund		trucant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		trucat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	truque	trucas	truca	trucam	trucatz	trucan
	imperfect	trucava	trucavas	trucava	trucàvam	trucàvatz	trucavan
	preterite	truquei	truqueras	truquet	truquèram	truquèratz	truqueran
	future	trucarai	trucaràs	trucará	trucarem	trucaretz	trucarán
	conditional	trucariá	trucariàs	trucariá	trucariam	trucariatz	trucarián
	conditional 2nd form1	truquèra	truquèras	truquèra	truqueram	truqueratz	truquèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	truque	truques	truque	truquem	truquetz	truquen
	imperfect	truquèsse	truquèsses	truquèsse	truquèssem	truquèssetz	truquèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			truca		truquem	trucatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		trucar			aver trucat
gerund		trucant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		trucat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	truque	truques	truca	trucam	trucatz	trucan
	imperfect	trucavi	trucavas	trucava	trucàvem	trucàvetz	trucavan
	preterite	truquère	truquères	truquèt	truqueriam	truqueriatz	truquèron
	future	trucarai	trucaràs	trucarà	trucarem	trucaretz	trucaràn
	conditional	trucariáu	trucariás	trucariá	trucariam	trucariatz	trucarián
	conditional 2nd form1	truquèra	truquèras	truquèra	truqueram	truqueratz	truquèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	truque	truques	truque	truquem	truquetz	trucan
	imperfect	truquèsse	truquèsses	truquèsse	truquessiam	truquessiatz	truquèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			truca		truquem	trucatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Synonyms

• tustar

Old Occitan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre, from Latin trūdō + -icō.

Verb

trucar

1. to hit; to strike

Derived terms

• truc

 

Descendants

• Occitan: trucar

Etymology 2

Verb

trucar

1. to trade; to exchange

Derived terms

• truca

 

References

• “trucar”, in Dictionnaire de l’occitan médiéval en ligne (in German and French), Munich: LMU, 2013–2024
• “trucar2”, in Dictionnaire de l’occitan médiéval en ligne (in German and French), Munich: LMU, 2013–2024

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈka(ʁ)/ [tɾuˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈka(ʁ)/ [tɾuˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈka(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈka(ʁ)/ [tɾuˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈka(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾuˈka.ɾi/

Etymology 1

From truco +‎ -ar.

Verb

trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truquei, past participle trucado)

1. (intransitive, card games) to make the first bid in the game of Truco

Conjugation

    Conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	trucar
Personal	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucarem
Gerund
	trucando
Past participle
Masculine	trucado			trucados
Feminine	trucada			trucadas
Indicative
Present	truco	trucas	truca	trucamos	trucais	trucam
Imperfect	trucava	trucavas	trucava	trucávamos	trucáveis	trucavam
Preterite	truquei	trucaste	trucou	trucamos1, trucámos2	trucastes	trucaram
Pluperfect	trucara	trucaras	trucara	trucáramos	trucáreis	trucaram
Future	trucarei	trucarás	trucará	trucaremos	trucareis	trucarão
Conditional	trucaria	trucarias	trucaria	trucaríamos	trucaríeis	trucariam
Subjunctive
Present	truque	truques	truque	truquemos	truqueis	truquem
Imperfect	trucasse	trucasses	trucasse	trucássemos	trucásseis	trucassem
Future	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucarem
Imperative
Affirmative		truca	truque	truquemos	trucai	truquem
Negative (não)		não truques	não truque	não truquemos	não truqueis	não truquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• truque

References

• “trucar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
• “trucar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024

Etymology 2

From truca +‎ -ar.

Verb

trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truquei, past participle trucado)

1. (intransitive, film) to do trick photography

Conjugation

    Conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	trucar
Personal	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucarem
Gerund
	trucando
Past participle
Masculine	trucado			trucados
Feminine	trucada			trucadas
Indicative
Present	truco	trucas	truca	trucamos	trucais	trucam
Imperfect	trucava	trucavas	trucava	trucávamos	trucáveis	trucavam
Preterite	truquei	trucaste	trucou	trucamos1, trucámos2	trucastes	trucaram
Pluperfect	trucara	trucaras	trucara	trucáramos	trucáreis	trucaram
Future	trucarei	trucarás	trucará	trucaremos	trucareis	trucarão
Conditional	trucaria	trucarias	trucaria	trucaríamos	trucaríeis	trucariam
Subjunctive
Present	truque	truques	truque	truquemos	truqueis	truquem
Imperfect	trucasse	trucasses	trucasse	trucássemos	trucásseis	trucassem
Future	trucar	trucares	trucar	trucarmos	trucardes	trucarem
Imperative
Affirmative		truca	truque	truquemos	trucai	truquem
Negative (não)		não truques	não truque	não truquemos	não truqueis	não truquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

References

• “trucar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024

Spanish

Alternative forms

• truquear (Ecuador, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico)

Etymology

From truco +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/ [t̪ɾuˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: tru‧car

Verb

trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truqué, past participle trucado)

1. to tune up, soup up (modify a motor vehicle)
2. to rig
3. (reflexive, LGBTQ, of a drag queen, trans woman, etc.) to tuck (to conceal one’s penis and testicles)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			trucar
gerund			trucando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		trucado		trucada
		plural		trucados		trucadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	truco	trucastú trucásvos	truca	trucamos	trucáis	trucan
	imperfect	trucaba	trucabas	trucaba	trucábamos	trucabais	trucaban
	preterite	truqué	trucaste	trucó	trucamos	trucasteis	trucaron
	future	trucaré	trucarás	trucará	trucaremos	trucaréis	trucarán
	conditional	trucaría	trucarías	trucaría	trucaríamos	trucaríais	trucarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	truque	truquestú truquésvos2	truque	truquemos	truquéis	truquen
	imperfect (ra)	trucara	trucaras	trucara	trucáramos	trucarais	trucaran
	imperfect (se)	trucase	trucases	trucase	trucásemos	trucaseis	trucasen
	future1	trucare	trucares	trucare	trucáremos	trucareis	trucaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		trucatú trucávos	truque	truquemos	trucad	truquen
	negative		no truques	no truque	no truquemos	no truquéis	no truquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of trucar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive trucar
	dative	trucarme	trucarte	trucarle, trucarse	trucarnos	trucaros	trucarles, trucarse
	accusative	trucarme	trucarte	trucarlo, trucarla, trucarse	trucarnos	trucaros	trucarlos, trucarlas, trucarse
with gerund trucando
	dative	trucándome	trucándote	trucándole, trucándose	trucándonos	trucándoos	trucándoles, trucándose
	accusative	trucándome	trucándote	trucándolo, trucándola, trucándose	trucándonos	trucándoos	trucándolos, trucándolas, trucándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative truca
	dative	trúcame	trúcate	trúcale	trúcanos	not used	trúcales
	accusative	trúcame	trúcate	trúcalo, trúcala	trúcanos	not used	trúcalos, trúcalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative trucá
	dative	trucame	trucate	trucale	trucanos	not used	trucales
	accusative	trucame	trucate	trucalo, trucala	trucanos	not used	trucalos, trucalas
with formal second-person singular imperative truque
	dative	trúqueme	not used	trúquele, trúquese	trúquenos	not used	trúqueles
	accusative	trúqueme	not used	trúquelo, trúquela, trúquese	trúquenos	not used	trúquelos, trúquelas
with first-person plural imperative truquemos
	dative	not used	truquémoste	truquémosle	truquémonos	truquémoos	truquémosles
	accusative	not used	truquémoste	truquémoslo, truquémosla	truquémonos	truquémoos	truquémoslos, truquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative trucad
	dative	trucadme	not used	trucadle	trucadnos	trucaos	trucadles
	accusative	trucadme	not used	trucadlo, trucadla	trucadnos	trucaos	trucadlos, trucadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative truquen
	dative	trúquenme	not used	trúquenle	trúquennos	not used	trúquenles, trúquense
	accusative	trúquenme	not used	trúquenlo, trúquenla	trúquennos	not used	trúquenlos, trúquenlas, trúquense

Derived terms

• trucaje

 

Further reading

• “trucar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28