vlak

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch vlak, from Middle Dutch vlac, from Old Dutch *flak, from Proto-Germanic *flakaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /flak/

Adjective

vlak (attributive vlak, comparative vlaker, superlative vlakste)

1. flat, level, even
2. shallow

Noun

vlak (plural vlakke)

1. plane, surface
2. (figurative) domain, area, sphere of interest
3. level, elevation
4. (in animal compounds): plain

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech vlak, from Proto-Slavic *volkъ. Derived from vláčet (“tow, haul”), calque of German Zug.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvlak]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ak

Noun

vlak m inan

1. train

Declension

Declension of vlak (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	vlak	vlaky
genitive	vlaku	vlaků
dative	vlaku	vlakům
accusative	vlak	vlaky
vocative	vlaku	vlaky
locative	vlaku	vlacích
instrumental	vlakem	vlaky

Derived terms

• nákladní vlak m
• osobní vlak m

 

Further reading

• “vlak”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “vlak”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “vlak”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vlɑk/
• Hyphenation: vlak
• Rhymes: -ɑk

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch vlac, from Old Dutch *flak, from Proto-Germanic *flakaz.

Adjective

vlak (comparative vlakker, superlative vlakst)

1. flat, plane

   Synonym: plat

Declension

Declension of vlak
uninflected	vlak
inflected	vlakke
comparative	vlakker
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		vlak	vlakker	het vlakst het vlakste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	vlakke	vlakkere	vlakste
	n. sing.	vlak	vlakker	vlakste
	plural	vlakke	vlakkere	vlakste
definite		vlakke	vlakkere	vlakste
partitive		vlaks	vlakkers	—

Derived terms

• afvlakken
• bovenvlak
• oppervlak, oppervlakte
• uitvlakken
• vlakbank
• vlakdruk
• vlakhamer
• vlakogig
• vlakschaaf
• vlakte
• vlakversiering
• vlakvulling

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: vlak

Noun

vlak n (plural vlakken, diminutive vlakje n)

1. (literally) a plain, a flat surface
2. (figuratively) a domain, sphere, field of interest
3. (nautical) a flat bottom, the flat-bottomed section of a hull

Derived terms

• raakvlak
• werkvlak
• zitvlak

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: vlak

Adverb

vlak

1. straight, immediately, just

   De Aardes natuurlijke satelliet, de Maan, moet vlak na de vorming van de Aarde zijn ontstaan.

   Earth's natural satellite, the Moon, must have arisen just after the formation of the Earth.

Derived terms

• vlakaf
• vlakuit
• vlakweg

 

Etymology 2

Alternative form of vlek

Noun

vlak f (plural vlakken, diminutive vlakje n)

1. a spot, soiled mark

Verb

vlak

1. inflection of vlakken:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Anagrams

• valk

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Czech vlak, itself calqued after German Zug.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋlâːk/

Noun

vlȃk m (Cyrillic spelling вла̑к)

1. (Croatia) train

   Synonym: (Bosnia, Serbia) vȏz

Declension

Declension of vlak

	singular	plural
nominative	vlȃk	vlȁkovi
genitive	vlaka	vlakova
dative	vlaku	vlakovima
accusative	vlak	vlakove
vocative	vlače	vlakovi
locative	vlaku	vlakovima
instrumental	vlakom	vlakovima

Further reading

• “vlak”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vlak]

Noun

vlak m inan (related adjective vlakový, diminutive vláčik)

1. train (line of connected cars or carriages)

Declension

Declension of vlak (pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	vlak	vlaky
genitive	vlaku	vlakov
dative	vlaku	vlakom
accusative	vlak	vlaky
locative	vlaku	vlakoch
instrumental	vlakom	vlakmi

Further reading

• “vlak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Slovene

Etymology

Borrowed from Czech vlak, itself calqued after German Zug.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋláːk/

Noun

vlȃk m inan

1. train (line of connected cars or carriages)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	vlák
gen. sing.	vláka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	vlák	vláka	vláki
genitive (rodȋlnik)	vláka	vlákov	vlákov
dative (dajȃlnik)	vláku	vlákoma	vlákom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	vlák	vláka	vláke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	vláku	vlákih	vlákih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	vlákom	vlákoma	vláki

Further reading

• “vlak”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024