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шар

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sar"

Bulgarian

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Etymology

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From Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ), probably of Oghur origin, related to the adjective Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“bright, yellow”). Akin to the first element in the name of the Šaraghur tribe.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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шар • (šar) m

  1. (obsolete, dialectal) spot, shade, tinge
  2. (archaic) hue
    Synonyms: боя (boja), багра (bagra)
  3. (abstract) pattern, texture

Usage notes

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In the standard language, the diminutive form шарка (šarka) is more often used.

Declension

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Declension of шар
singular plural
indefinite шар
šar 		ша́рове
šárove
definite
(subject form) 		ша́рът
šárǎt 		ша́ровете
šárovete
definite
(object form) 		ша́ра
šára
count form — ша́ра
šára

Derived terms

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References

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  • “шар”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • шаръ in Исторически речник на българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Kalmyk

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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шар • (şar) (Clear script spelling ᠱᠠᠷᠠ (šara))

  1. yellow

Kazakh

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Alternative scripts
Arabic شار
Cyrillic шар
Latin şar
Yañalif car

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Turkic *čar (“whetstone, sickle , to whet”).

Cognate with Bashkir сар (sar), Karakalpak shar, Nogai шар (şar), Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone, spool”), Kyrgyz чар (car, “whetstone”), Southern Altai чар (čar, “whetstone”), Tatar чар (çar, “whetstone, mill stone”), Shor шар, Tuvan шар (şar, “whetstone”), Yakut сардаҕа (sardağa), Dolgan сардаана (sardaana, “short heavy arrow with a broad head”), etc.

Noun

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шар • (şar)

  1. whetstone

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”).

Noun

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шар • (şar)

  1. (geometry) ball
Declension
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declension of шар
singular (жекеше) plural (көпше)
nominative (атау септік) шар (şar) шарлар (şarlar)
genitive (ілік септік) шардың (şardyñ) шарлардың (şarlardyñ)
dative (барыс септік) шарға (şarğa) шарларға (şarlarğa)
accusative (табыс септік) шарды (şardy) шарларды (şarlardy)
locative (жатыс септік) шарда (şarda) шарларда (şarlarda)
ablative (шығыс септік) шардан (şardan) шарлардан (şarlardan)
instrumental (көмектес септік) шармен (şarmen) шарлармен (şarlarmen)

Macedonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šarъ. Doublet of шара (šara, “pattern, design”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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шар • (šar) m (plural шари)

  1. colorfulness
  2. (rare) color

Mongolian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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  1. From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara), Dongxiang shira.
  2. Akin to Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”), compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”), Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
  3. Doublet of шарга (šarga, “tawny”).

Adjective

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шар • (šar)

  1. yellow
  2. heartburn
Derived terms
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See also
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Colors in Mongolian · өнгө (öngö) (layout · text)
     цагаан (cagaan)      саарал (saaral)      хар (xar)
             улаан (ulaan); хүрэн улаан (xüren ulaan)              улбар шар (ulbar šar); бор (bor), хүрэн (xüren)              шар (šar); хул (xul),
цайвар шар (cajvar šar)
             цайвар ногоон (cajvar nogoon)              ногоон (nogoon)             
             цэнхэр (cenxer); номин ногоон (nomin nogoon)              номин (nomin)              хөх (xöx)
             нил (nil); индиго (indigo)              улаан ягаан (ulaan jagaan); час улаан (čas ulaan)              ягаан (jagaan)

Etymology 2

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Noun

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шар • (šar)

  1. ox
See also
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Russian

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Russian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ru

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unclear. Perhaps related (although Vasmer found it unconvincing) to Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”), Old Church Slavonic шаръчи (šarŭči, “painter”), which probably derive from an early Turkic borrowing into Slavic; cf. Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). In that case, the sense development might have been “color, paint” → “spot” → “round object”.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ʂar]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ar

Noun

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шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ра, nominative plural шары́, genitive plural шаро́в, relational adjective шарово́й, diminutive ша́рик)

  1. ball, solid sphere
  2. (mathematics) ball (the set of points lying within a given distance from a given point)
  3. balloon

Usage notes

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  • After the numbers 2, 3 and 4, and related higher numbers, the stress in the genitive singular falls on the final syllable: два́дцать два́ шара́ (dvádcatʹ dvá šará, “twenty-two balls/balloons”). In the mathematical sense, however, ша́ра is used even when counting: три ша́ра (tri šára, “three (mathematical) balls”).

Declension

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Declension of шар (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c) 
singular plural
nominative ша́р
šár 		шары́
šarý
genitive ша́ра
šára 		шаро́в
šaróv
dative ша́ру
šáru 		шара́м
šarám
accusative ша́р
šár 		шары́
šarý
instrumental ша́ром
šárom 		шара́ми
šarámi
prepositional ша́ре
šáre 		шара́х
šaráx
locative шару́
šarú
paucal шара́†*
šará†*

* Used with the numbers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
† Not in the mathematical sense.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Ingrian: šaara
  • → Kazakh: шар (şar)
  • → Yakut: шар (shar)

Further reading

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ша̑р m (Latin spelling šȃr)

  1. Earth, globe (spherical model of Earth)
  2. firmament, welkin
  3. natural beauty

Tabasaran

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Noun

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шар • (šar)

  1. water

Synonyms

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References

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  • Talibov, B. B. (1980) Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков [Comparative phonetics of Lezghian languages]‎[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 172

Ukrainian

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Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia uk

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”) with a subsequent shift in meaning.[1]

Noun

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шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ру, nominative plural ша́ри, genitive plural ша́рів)

  1. layer
    снігови́й шар ― snihovýj šar ― layer of snow
  2. stratum
  3. annual ring of a tree
Declension
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Declension of шар (inan hard masc-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative шар
šar 		ша́ри
šáry
genitive ша́ру
šáru 		ша́рів
šáriv
dative ша́рові, ша́ру
šárovi, šáru 		ша́рам
šáram
accusative шар
šar 		ша́ри
šáry
instrumental ша́ром
šárom 		ша́рами
šáramy
locative ша́рі
šári 		ша́рах
šárax
vocative ша́ре
šáre 		ша́ри
šáry
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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шар • (šar)

  1. second-person singular imperative of ша́рити impf (šáryty)

References

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  1. ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “шар”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 379

Further reading

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  • A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “шар”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
  • A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “шар”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
  • “шар”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
  • “шар”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)

Yakut

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

Noun

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шар • (shar)

  1. ball (sphere)

Derived terms

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See also

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