ἥλιος

See also: ήλιος, Ήλιος, and Ἥλιος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ᾱ̓βέλῐος (ābélios), ἀϝέλιος (awélios) — Cretan, Laconian
• ᾱ̓έλῐος (āélios) — Doric, Aeolic, Arcadocypriot
• ᾱ̔́λῐος (hā́lios) — Lyric
• ἠέλῐος (ēélios) — Homeric, Ionic
• βέλα (béla), ϝέλα (wéla) — Laconian

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hāwélios, from a pre-Hellenic or later Proto-Indo-European *sāwélios, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic слъньцє (slŭnĭce), Latin sol, Sanskrit सूर (sūra) and सूर्य (sūrya) and स्वर् (svar), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Persian خور (xwar).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛ̌ː.li.os/ → /ˈi.li.os/ → /ˈi.li.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛ̌ː.li.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.li.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.li.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.li.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.li.os/

• Hyphenation: ἥ‧λι‧ος

Noun

ἥλῐος • (hḗlios) m (genitive ἡλῐ́ου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)

1. sun
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 14:

     καὶ μικρὸν μὲν ἀνεκάθισεν, ἀνθρώπων τοσούτων ἐπερχομένων, καὶ διέβλεψεν εἰς τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον. ὡς δὲ ἐκεῖνος ἀσπασάμενος καὶ προσειπὼν αὐτὸν ἠρώτησεν εἴ τινος τυγχάνει δεόμενος, “Μικρόν,” εἶπεν, “ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου μετάστηθι.”

     kaì mikròn mèn anekáthisen, anthrṓpōn tosoútōn eperkhoménōn, kaì diéblepsen eis tòn Aléxandron. hōs dè ekeînos aspasámenos kaì proseipṑn autòn ērṓtēsen eí tinos tunkhánei deómenos, “Mikrón,” eîpen, “apò toû hēlíou metástēthi.”

     Diogenes raised himself up a little when he saw so many persons coming towards him, and fixed his eyes upon Alexander. And when that monarch addressed him with greetings, and asked if he wanted anything, “Yes,” said Diogenes, “stand a little out of my sun.”

2. east
3. day
4. sunshine

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ἥλῐος; τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ ἥλῐος ho hḗlios
Genitive	τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου toû hēlíou
Dative	τῷ ἡλῐ́ῳ tôi hēlíōi
Accusative	τὸν ἥλῐον tòn hḗlion
Vocative	ἥλῐε hḗlie
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἡλῐομᾰντείᾱ (hēliomanteíā)
• Ἥλιος (Hḗlios)
• ἡλιοσκόπιον (hēlioskópion)
• ἡλιοτρόπιον (hēliotrópion)
• ἡλιόφυτον (hēlióphuton)

 

Descendants

• Greek: ήλιος (ílios)
• Italiot Greek: ilio
• Mariupol Greek: и́люс (íljus)
• → Sanskrit: हेलि (heli)

References

• “ἥλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἥλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἥλιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἥλιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G2246 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ἥλιος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • apollo idem, page 34.
  • day idem, page 197.
  • sun idem, page 838.