俴

俴 U+4FF4, 俴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FF4 ← 俳 [U+4FF3] CJK Unified Ideographs 俵 → [U+4FF5]

Translingual

Han character

俴 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人戈戈 (OII), four-corner 2325₃, composition ⿰亻戔)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 106, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 727
• Dae Jaweon: page 226, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 174, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4FF4

Chinese

trad.		俴
simp.		𠈙

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俴
Small seal script s05837 Transcribed ancient scripts L16196
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (戔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
殘	*zlaːn, *zaːns
戔	*zlaːn
帴	*zlaːn, *saːns, *ʔslenʔ, *ʔsleːn, *sreːd
虥	*zreːn, *zreːn, *zreːnʔ, *zraːns
盞	*ʔsreːnʔ
醆	*ʔsreːnʔ, *ʔljenʔ
琖	*ʔsreːnʔ
剗	*sʰreːnʔ
棧	*zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ
輚	*zreːnʔ, *zraːns
嶘	*zreːnʔ
錢	*ʔslenʔ, *zlen
俴	*ʔslenʔ, *zlenʔ
籛	*ʔslenʔ, *ʔslens, *ʔsleːn
淺	*sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn
濺	*ʔsens, *ʔseːn
踐	*zlenʔ
諓	*zlenʔ, *zlens
餞	*zlenʔ, *zlens
賤	*zlens
綫	*slens
箋	*ʔsleːn
牋	*ʔsleːn

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cin⁵ / zin¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chián

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cin⁵ / zin¹
    • Yale: chíhn / jīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsin⁵ / dzin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qin⁵ / jin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːn¹³/, /t͡siːn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chián
    • Tâi-lô: tsián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciern
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzjenX, tsjenX

Rime
Character	俴	俴
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	慈演切	即淺切
Baxter	dzjenX	tsjenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇnX/	/t͡siᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛnX/	/t͡siɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjænX/	/t͡sjænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zianX/	/t͡sianX/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛnX/	/t͡siɛnX/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛnX/	/t͡sĭɛnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛnX/	/t͡si̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn	jiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zin6	zin2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]e[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslenʔ/, /*zlenʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	俴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjenX ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]e[n]ʔ/
English	shallow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俴	俴
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5997	6007
Phonetic component	戔	戔
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	翦	踐
Old Chinese	/*ʔslenʔ/	/*zlenʔ/

Definitions

俴

1. thin
2. (obsolete) unarmored

   • 甲不堅密，與俴者同實； [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     甲不坚密，与𠈙者同实； [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     jiǎ bù jiān mì, yǔ jiàn zhě tóngshí; [Pinyin]

     If shields are not strong and tightly woven, it is the same as being without armor.

3. (obsolete) armoured with thin, scale-like metal plates

   • 俴駟孔羣 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     𠈙驷孔羣 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     jiànsì kǒng qún [Pinyin]

     His mail-covered team moves in great harmony

   • 俴駟，四馬皆以淺薄之金為甲。欲其輕而易於馬之旋習也。 [MSC, trad.]
     𠈙驷，四马皆以浅薄之金为甲。欲其轻而易于马之旋习也。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 朱熹 Zhu Xi,《詩經集傳》Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry, volume 4[1]

     Jiànsì, sìmǎ jiē yǐ qiǎnbó zhī jīn wèi jiǎ. Yù qí qīng ér yì yú mǎ zhī xuán xí yě. [Pinyin]

     Jiànsì ("俴駟"): all four horses are armored by thin metal plates; horses need to be light as well as easily steered and trained.

Usage notes

Berthold Laufer (1913) objects to interpretations of 俴／𠈙 (jiàn) (and 介 (jiè) elsewhere) as being armored with metal plates; instead, he proposes that the horses were covered in plain hide armor or hide scale armor, as worn by Zhou soldiers.

Japanese

Kanji

俴

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): せん (sen)、ぜん (zen)
• Kun: あさい (asai)、はだか (hadaka)

Korean

Hanja

俴 (eum 천 (cheon))

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Vietnamese

Han character

俴: Hán Nôm readings: kiến, tiễn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.