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冒

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
冒 U+5192, 冒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5192
← 冑
[U+5191] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冓 →
[U+5193]
冒 U+2F8D2, 冒
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D2
← 㫤
[U+2F8D1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 冕 →
[U+2F8D3]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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冒 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日月山 (ABU), four-corner 60600, composition ⿱日目 (J) or ⿱⺜目 (GTKV))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 129, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1538
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1499, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5192

Bailang

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk; compare Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky”), Tibetan དམུ་ (dmu, “sky god”).

Noun

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冒 (*muh)

  1. sky; heaven

References

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  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[2], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 冒
alternative forms 冃
冐

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 冒
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (冃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
媢 *mɯɡs, *muːʔ, *muːɡs, *muːɡ
冃 *muːɡs
冒 *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ
帽 *muːɡs
瑁 *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ
賵 *m̥ʰuŋs
艒 *mɯːɡ, *muːɡ, *muːɡ
萺 *muːɡ, *muɡ
勗 *hmoɡ
勖 *hmoɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ) : phonetic 冃 (OC *muːɡs, “hat”) + semantic 目 (“eyes”).

See also 敖, 免, and 美.

Etymology 1

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Original meaning was “to cover”.

Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) connects it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“sky, clouds, fog, dark, covered”), whence Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky; rain; to hold something over the head; roof”), Tibetan མུ (mu), དམུ (dmu), རྨུ (rmu), སྨུ (smu, “(archaic) sky”).

Derivative: 帽 (OC *muːɡs, “hat”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 冒
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫報切
Baxter mawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mawH/
Li
Rong 		/mɑuH/
Wang
Li 		/mɑuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mou6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冒
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mawH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁuk-s/
English covering

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冒
Reading # 1/2
No. 8916
Phonetic
component 		冃
Rime
group 		奧
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		冃
Old
Chinese 		/*muːɡs/

Definitions

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冒

  1. † to cover
  2. † cloth used to dress a corpse; sack for corpses
  3. † to wear a hat
  4. † Original form of 帽 (mào, “hat”).
  5. † to pretend to be
    假冒  ―  jiǎmào  ―  fake
    冒名  ―  màomíng  ―  to go under someone else's name
  6. to risk; to brave; to face
    冒險／冒险  ―  màoxiǎn  ―  to adventure
    冒雨  ―  màoyǔ  ―  to brave the rain
    冒著生命危險／冒着生命危险  ―  màozhe shēngmìng wēixiǎn  ―  risking one's life
  7. † bold; thoughtless; boldly
    冒失  ―  màoshī  ―  thoughtlessly
  8. † to encroach on; to violate
    冒犯  ―  màofàn  ―  to offend
  9. † to receive; to suffer from
  10. to emit; to give off; to send out
    冒煙／冒烟  ―  màoyān  ―  to give off smoke
  11. (Mandarin) to appear; to emerge
  12. (dialectal Mandarin, of water) to boil
  13. (dialectal Mandarin, Wu) to vomit or to have diarrhoea
  14. (dialectal Mandarin) to cover rice or noodles with vegetables and meat; to put broth over noodles or rice
    冒菜  ―  màocài  ―  maocai [a local dish of Sichuan]
  15. Alternative form of 冇 (“to not have”)
  16. † Substitute character for 懋 (mào, “to encourage”).
  17. † Substitute character for 芼 (mào, “name of a vegetable”).
  18. † Original form of 瑁 (mào, “ceremonial jade”).

Etymology 2

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“Covetous”. Compare 每 (OC *mɯːʔ, “to covet”).

Pronunciation

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冒
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mawH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁuk-s/
English to look down on; covetous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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冒

  1. † Original form of 媢 (mào, “to envy”).
  2. † to be greedy for; covetous

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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冒

  1. † Only used in 瑇冒 and 毒冒, both are alternative forms of 玳瑁 (dàimào).

Etymology 4

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Contracted form of 木佬佬.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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冒 (Hangzhounese)

  1. very; quite
    冒多 [Hangzhounese]  ―  very many
  2. many
    來了冒工人。 [Hangzhounese, trad.]
    来了冒工人。 [Hangzhounese, simp.]
    Many workers came.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Malaysia 很
Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan 挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 很
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Northern Min Jian'ou 盡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Southern Min Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
Jinjiang 野
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou 蠻, 窮
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻

Etymology 5

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Transcription character, preserving the original pronunciation at the time of borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 冒
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫北切
Baxter mok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mək̚/
Li
Rong 		/mək̚/
Wang
Li 		/mək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mak6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冒
Reading # 2/2
No. 8922
Phonetic
component 		冃
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		墨
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯːɡ/

Definitions

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冒

  1. Only used in 冒頓／冒顿 (Mòdú, “name of a Xiongnu chieftain”).

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 冒
Kyūjitai
[1]
冒󠄃
冒+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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冒

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. risk

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mawH):

  • Go-on: もう (mō)←まう (mau, historical)
  • Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)←ばう (bau, historical)

From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mok):

Unknown:

From native Japanese roots:

References

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  1. ^ “冒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Hanja

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冒 (eumhun 무릅쓸 목 (mureupsseul mok))

  1. hanja form? of 목 (“risk, brave, dare”)

冒 (eumhun 가릴 모 (garil mo))

  1. hanja form? of 모 (“cover, hide, conceal, veil”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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冒: Hán Nôm readings: mạo, mào, mẹo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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