堯

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See also: 尧
堯 U+582F, 堯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-582F
← 堮
[U+582E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堰 →
[U+5830]

Translingual

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Traditional 堯
Shinjitai
(extended) 		尭
Simplified 尧

Han character

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堯 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土土土山 (GGGU), four-corner 40211, composition ⿱垚兀)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5272
  • Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 459, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+582F

Chinese

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trad. 堯
simp. 尧
alternative forms 垚
尭
𠒖
𡊪
𡋰

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 堯
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撓 *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃 *rŋaːw
譊 *rŋaːw
橈 *rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽 *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝 *ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘 *hŋreːw
顤 *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒 *hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒 *ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯 *ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘 *ŋjew
襓 *ŋjew
繞 *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶 *ŋjewʔ
嬈 *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬 *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺 *ŋ̊ʰew
翹 *ɡew, *ɡews
澆 *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍 *ŋkeːw
僥 *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯 *ŋeːw
垚 *ŋeːw
嶢 *ŋeːw
獟 *ŋeːws
膮 *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵 *hŋeːw
憢 *hŋeːw
曉 *hŋeːwʔ
皢 *hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːw) : phonetic 垚 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 兀 (“towering and bald”). Also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 垚 (“tall (of earth)”) + 兀 (“towering and bald”).

The oracle bone script consists of two 土 (“soil; earth”) at the top and a kneeling man stylized as 兀 at the bottom.

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ngiao5 - Shantou;
  • ngiou5 - Chaozhou.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 堯
    Mandarin Beijing /iau³⁵/
    Harbin /iau²⁴/
    Tianjin /iɑu⁴⁵/
    Jinan /iɔ⁴²/
    Qingdao /iɔ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /iau⁴²/
    Xi'an /iau²⁴/
    Xining /iɔ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /iɔ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /iɔ⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʐɔ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /iau²¹³/
    Chengdu /iau³¹/
    Guiyang /iao²¹/
    Kunming /iɔ³¹/
    Nanjing /iɔo²⁴/
    Hefei /iɔ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /iau¹¹/
    Pingyao
    Hohhot /iɔ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦiɔ²³/
    /ȵiɔ²³/
    Suzhou /ɦiæ¹³/
    Hangzhou /ȵiɔ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ȵa³¹/
    Hui Shexian /niɔ⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /io⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /iau¹³/
    Xiangtan /iaɯ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiau¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ŋieu²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jiu²¹/
    Nanning /jiu²¹/
    Hong Kong /jiu²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giau³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋieu⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iau²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ŋiãu⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zau³¹/
    Rime
    Character 堯
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 五聊切
    Baxter ngew
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋeu/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋeu/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋeu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋɛw/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋeu/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋieu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋieu/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yáo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jiu4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 堯
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yáo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngew ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ]ˁew/
    English high

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 堯
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14689
    Phonetic
    component         		垚
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		堯
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋeːw/

    Definitions

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    堯

    1. ‡ lofty; high
    2. Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China
    3. a surname
    4. (Mainland China) yotta- (SI unit prefix)
      Synonym: 佑 (yòu) (Taiwan)

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai
    (extended)

    		尭

    Kyūjitai

    		堯

    Kanji

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    堯

    (Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 尭)

    1. high
    2. far

    Readings

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    • Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
    • Kan-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
    • Kun: たかい (takai, 堯い)

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    堯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    堯: Hán Nôm readings: nghiêu, nghẻo, nghễu, nhao, nhiều

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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