寸

See also: 手 and 吋

寸 U+5BF8, 寸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BF8 ← 寷 [U+5BF7] CJK Unified Ideographs 对 → [U+5BF9]

⼨ U+2F28, ⼨ KANGXI RADICAL INCH ← ⼧ [U+2F27] Kangxi Radicals ⼩ → [U+2F29]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

寸 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 木戈 (DI), four-corner 4030₀, composition ⿹𬺰丶)

1. Kangxi radical #41, ⼨.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/寸
• 付, 吋, 𢁜, 忖, 𢩭, 𰛇, 𤜮, 过, 时, 村, 𬉴, 肘, 𥘑, 𤰥, 𬑺, 衬, 籿, 紂(纣), 耐, 䖞, 𫵛, 䙸, 討(讨), 𧲣, 𧴫, 𧺘, 𫏀, 𨊭, 酎, 屗, 𨥇, 𩈃, 𠷻, 𢰙, 𭹝, 𩲅, 𪡮, 𬶾, 𮮿, 𣟑
• 刌, 𨙯, 夺, 守, 寺, 𬁟, 𬂝, 𰛋, 𥃷, 𮄧, 䒭, 𦏽, 𦥘, 䙷, 𮙮, 辱, 𡨎, 奪, 𫷦, 疛, 団, 埓, 㷉, 𡁷

Descendants

• す

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 293, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7411
• Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 503, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5BF8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		寸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寸
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (寸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
村	*sʰuːn
忖	*sʰuːnʔ
刌	*sʰuːnʔ
寸	*sʰuːns

Shuowen considered it Ideogram (指事) – a position on the forearm where the pulse can be palpated by compressing the radial artery. It is called 寸口 in modern Chinese, and the meaning of a unit of measurement is derived from the distance between the wrist and this position. Compare 又, 手, 九, 爪.

However, it may be an abbreviated form of 尊 (zūn), borrowed to mean a unit of measurement (see: 李轶.先秦度量单位"尺""寸"用字考[J].云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2010, 42(5).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5110.2010.05.017.)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cùn (cun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цун (cun, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cyun³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tun¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): cun³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhun

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cun⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): cung³
• Northern Min (KCR): cho̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): chóng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhùn / chhǹg

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cung³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cen⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cùn
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻun⁴
    • Yale: tswùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuenn
    • Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯ən⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cen⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰən²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цун (cun, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyun³
    • Yale: chyun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: tun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰun³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: cun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰun²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhun
    • Hakka Romanization System: cun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: cung³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cho̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰouŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhùn
    • Tâi-lô: tshùn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuxn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg
    • Tâi-lô: tshǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/

Note:

• chhùn - literary;
• chhǹg - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cung³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshùng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshen
    • MiniDict: tshen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰən³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: cen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshwonH

Rime
Character	寸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉困切
Baxter	tshwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰuənH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰuonH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰuənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰwənH/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰuənH/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰuənH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰuənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤu[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cùn
Middle Chinese	‹ tshwonH ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁu[n]-s/
English	thumb; inch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寸
Reading #	1/1
No.	1913
Phonetic component	寸
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	寸
Old Chinese	/*sʰuːns/

Definitions

寸

1. (units of measure) A cun or Chinese inch, a traditional unit of length of about 3 cm.
   1. (Mainland China) Short for 市寸 (shìcùn).
   2. (Hong Kong) Legally defined as the tsun of 3.71475 cm.
2. (informal) Short for 英寸 (yīngcùn, “inch”).
3. (figurative) very short or little
4. (traditional Chinese medicine) cunkou pulse; radial artery pulse at the wrist
5. (Mandarin, colloquial) coincidental; unbelievable; opportune
6. a surname

Coordinate terms

• 分 (fēn, “¹⁄₁₀ cun”)
• 尺 (chǐ, “10 cun”)

Compounds

• 一寸丹心
• 一寸秋波
• 一寸赤心
• 三寸丁
• 三寸之舌
• 三寸舌
• 三寸貨／三寸货
• 三寸金蓮／三寸金莲
• 京八寸
• 公寸 (gōngcùn)
• 分寸 (fēncùn)
• 寸兵
• 寸兵尺鐵／寸兵尺铁
• 寸功 (cùngōng)
• 寸口
• 寸善片長／寸善片长
• 寸土 (cùntǔ)
• 寸土寸金 (cùntǔcùnjīn)
• 寸土尺地
• 寸地尺天
• 寸子
• 寸心 (cùnxīn)
• 寸指測淵／寸指测渊
• 寸斷／寸断 (cùnduàn)
• 寸晷
• 寸木岑樓／寸木岑楼
• 寸札
• 寸楮
• 寸步 (cùnbù)
• 寸步不離／寸步不离 (cùnbùbùlí)
• 寸步難移／寸步难移
• 寸步難行／寸步难行 (cùnbùnánxíng)
• 寸田
• 寸甲不留
• 寸田尺宅
• 寸男尺女
• 寸碧
• 寸祿／寸禄
• 寸積銖累／寸积铢累
• 寸絲不挂
• 寸絲半粟／寸丝半粟
• 寸縷／寸缕
• 寸腸／寸肠
• 寸草
• 寸草不生 (cùncǎobùshēng)
• 寸草不留
• 寸草心
• 寸草春暉／寸草春晖
• 寸衷
• 寸進／寸进
• 寸金
• 寸鐵／寸铁
• 寸長／寸长
• 寸長尺技／寸长尺技
• 寸長尺短／寸长尺短
• 寸陰／寸阴
• 寸陰尺璧／寸阴尺璧
• 寸陰若歲／寸阴若岁
• 寸隙
• 寸馬豆人／寸马豆人
• 尺寸
• 尺寸之功 (chǐcùn zhī gōng)
• 尺寸之地
• 尺寸千里
• 尺寸斗粟
• 尺短寸長／尺短寸长
• 幫寸／帮寸 (bāngcùn)
• 徑寸／径寸
• 得寸思尺
• 得寸進尺／得寸进尺 (décùnjìnchǐ)
• 得尺得寸
• 愁腸寸斷／愁肠寸断
• 手無寸鐵／手无寸铁 (shǒuwúcùntiě)
• 掉三寸舌
• 方寸 (fāngcùn)
• 方寸之地
• 方寸之間／方寸之间
• 方寸亂矣／方寸乱矣
• 方寸已亂／方寸已乱
• 有分寸
• 柔腸寸斷／柔肠寸断 (róuchángcùnduàn)
• 桐棺三寸
• 沒分寸／没分寸
• 沒尺寸／没尺寸
• 火寸
• 爛頭寸／烂头寸 (làntóucùn)
• 片接寸附
• 猿腸寸斷／猿肠寸断
• 獨守尺寸／独守尺寸
• 積銖累寸／积铢累寸
• 聊表寸心
• 肝腸寸斷／肝肠寸断 (gānchángcùnduàn)
• 英寸 (yīngcùn)
• 言身寸
• 詘寸伸尺／诎寸伸尺
• 詘寸信尺／诎寸信尺
• 調頭寸／调头寸
• 身無寸縷／身无寸缕
• 軋頭寸／轧头寸
• 迴腸寸斷／回肠寸断
• 進寸退尺／进寸退尺
• 銖積寸累／铢积寸累
• 雞屎落塗，也有三寸煙／鸡屎落涂，也有三寸烟 (ke sái lo̍h thô͘, iā ū saⁿ chhùn ian) (Min Nan)
• 頭寸／头寸 (tóucùn)
• 風檐寸晷／风檐寸晷
• 風簷寸晷／风檐寸晷
• 鼠目寸光 (shǔmùcùnguāng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (寸):

• → Japanese: 寸(すん) (sun)
• → Korean: 촌(寸) (chon)
• → Vietnamese: thốn (寸)

Old Uyghur: tswn (tsun)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 寸 – see 忖 (“to ponder; to speculate; to think; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 忖).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun³

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyun³
    • Yale: chyun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn³³/

Definitions

寸

1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 串

References

• “寸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

寸

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: すん (sun, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: そん (son)
• Kun: き (ki)
• Nanori: す (su)、みき (miki)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 寸寸(ずたずた) (zutazuta)
• 寸胴(ずんどう) (zundō)
• 一寸(ちょっと) (chotto)
• 燐寸(マッチ) (matchi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
寸
すん Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 寸 (MC tshwonH).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) すん [súꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sɨ̃ɴ]

Noun

寸(すん) • (sun) 

1. a Japanese measurement of length equivalent to 10 分 (bu) or approximately 3.03 cm
2. (by extension) a length, measurement
3. shortness, fewness
4. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Coordinate terms

• 分(ぶ) (bu)
• 尺(しゃく) (shaku)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 一(いっ)寸(すん) (issun)
• 二(に)寸(すん) (nisun)
• 三(さん)寸(ずん) (sanzun)
• 四(し)寸(すん) (shisun)
• 五(ご)寸(すん) (gosun)
• 六(ろく)寸(すん) (rokusun)
• 七(なな)寸(すん) (nanasun)
• 八(はっ)寸(すん) (hassun)
• 九(きゅう)寸(すん) (kyūsun)
• 十(じゅっ)寸(すん) (jussun)

Descendants

• English: sun

Affix

寸(すん) • (sun) 

1. sun (measurement of length)
2. (by extension) length, measurement
3. minimal, negligible

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 寸(すん)寸(ずん) (sunzun)
• 寸(すん)陰(いん) (sun'in)
• 寸(すん)暇(か) (sunka)
• 寸(すん)志(し) (sunshi)
• 寸(すん)時(じ) (sunji)
• 寸(すん)借(しゃく) (sunshaku)
• 寸(すん)尺(しゃく) (sunshaku)
• 寸(すん)前(ぜん) (sunzen)
• 寸(すん)断(だん) (sundan)
• 寸(すん)評(ぴょう) (sunpyō)
• 寸(すん)法(ぽう) (sunpō)
• 原(げん)寸(すん) (gensun)
• 同(どう)寸(すん) (dōsun)
• 方(ほう)寸(すん) (hōsun)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
寸
き Grade: 6
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Suffix

寸(き) • (-ki) 

1. (archaic) unit used in ancient times to measure lengths of horses

Derived terms

• 八(や)寸(き) (yaki)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 寸 (MC tshwonH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	촌〮 (Yale: chwón)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	ᄆᆞᄃᆡ (Yale: mòtòy)	촌〯 (Yale: chwǒn)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞(ː)n]
• Phonetic hangul: [촌(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

寸 (eumhun 마디 촌 (madi chon))

1. hanja form^? of 촌 (“degree of kinship”) [noun]

Compounds

Compounds

• 삼촌 (三寸, samchon)
• 사촌 (四寸, sachon)
• 오촌 (五寸, ochon)
• 육촌 (六寸, yukchon)
• 촌지 (寸志, chonji)
• 촌수 (寸數, chonsu, “number of degrees of kinship”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

Kanji

寸

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): しん (shin)^{←すぃん (sin, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
寸
しん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese 寸 (sun).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) し​ん [shíꜜn] (Kakō - [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕiɴ]

Noun

寸(しん) (shin) ^{←すぃん (sin)?}

1. a measurement of length equivalent to 10 分 (bu) or approximately 3.03 cm

Coordinate terms

• 分(ぶ) (bu)
• 尺(しゃく) (shaku)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 一(いっ)寸(しん) (isshin)
• 六(るく)寸(しん) (rukushin)
• 八(はっ)寸(しん) (hasshin)

Old Japanese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

寸 (-ki₁) (kana き)

1. ancient measurement of length equivalent to the modern Japanese sun or approximately 3.03 cm

Descendants

• Japanese: 寸 (-ki)

Vietnamese

Han character

寸: Hán Việt readings: thốn
寸: Nôm readings: thốn, xốn, thổn, dón, són, thuỗn

1. chữ Hán form of thốn (“cun, a unit of length”).