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打

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
打 U+6253, 打
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6253
← 扒
[U+6252] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 扔 →
[U+6254]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

[edit]

打 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 手一弓 (QMN), four-corner 51020, composition ⿰扌丁)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 417, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11781
  • Dae Jaweon: page 763, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1825, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6253

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 打

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 打
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
圢 *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ
町 *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ
打 *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ
盯 *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ
朾 *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ
丁 *rteːŋ, *teːŋ
玎 *rteːŋ, *teːŋ
虰 *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ
揨 *rdeːŋ
釘 *teːŋ, *teːŋs
靪 *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ
仃 *teːŋ
叮 *teːŋ
疔 *teːŋ
頂 *teːŋʔ
奵 *teːŋʔ
耵 *teːŋʔ
酊 *teːŋʔ
葶 *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ
矴 *teːŋs
訂 *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ
飣 *teːŋs
汀 *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs
艼 *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ
庁 *tʰeːŋ
婷 *deːŋ
停 *deːŋ
聤 *deːŋ
渟 *deːŋ
楟 *deːŋ
亭 *deːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).

Etymology 1

[edit]

This post-classical word (its earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen) was pronounced *teŋ in Late Old Chinese, as would be expected from a 丁 phonetic. By the early Ming period, the character had been borrowed (訓讀／训读) for another word (撻) with the same meaning ("to flog, to beat") but a different pronunciation (whence Mandarin tà), without the nasal ending. This may be related to the previous reading, as a dialectal variant. In Mandarin and some other varieties, the new reading became standard; however, derivations of the older pronunciation are still used in other varieties such as Wu and Min Nan, as well as Vietnamese (đánh).

It has been compared to Mizo dêng (“to throw; to fling; to hammer”) and proposed to be from Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *dah ~ daʔ (“to hit, to meet”), whence Mon ဒး (tɛ̀h, “to hit (a mark), meet with, reach [goal], be correct, apposite, to fit”) and Khmer ទះ (tĕəh, “to slap, to strike”).

The pronunciation da is recorded in 六書故 as 都假切.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 打
Mandarin Beijing /ta²¹⁴/
Harbin /ta²¹³/
Tianjin /tɑ¹³/
Jinan /ta⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ta⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ta⁵³/
Xi'an /ta⁵³/
Xining /ta⁵³/
Yinchuan /ta⁵³/
Lanzhou /ta⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ta⁵¹/
Wuhan /ta⁴²/
Chengdu /ta⁵³/
Guiyang /ta⁴²/
Kunming /ta̠⁵³/
Nanjing /tɑ²¹²/
Hefei /ta²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ta⁵³/
Pingyao /tɑ⁵³/
Hohhot /ta⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /tã³⁵/
Suzhou /tã⁵¹/
Hangzhou /tɑ⁵³/
Wenzhou /tiɛ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ta³⁵/
Tunxi /ta³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ta⁴¹/
Xiangtan /tɒ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /tɑ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ta³¹/
Taoyuan /tɑ³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ta³⁵/
Nanning /ta³⁵/
Hong Kong /ta³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tã⁵³/ 俗
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ta³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ta²¹/
Shantou (Teochew)
Haikou (Hainanese) /fa⁵⁵/ 訓拍
Rime
Character 打 打
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 庚 (109) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II IV
Fanqie 德冷切 都挺切
Baxter taengX tengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tˠæŋX/ /teŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tᵚaŋX/ /teŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/taŋX/ /tɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taɨjŋX/ /tɛjŋX/
Li
Rong 		/tɐŋX/ /teŋX/
Wang
Li 		/tɐŋX/ /tieŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɐŋX/ /tieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		děng dǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dang2 ding2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 打 打
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 2368 2391
Phonetic
component 		丁 丁
Rime
group 		耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		打 頂
Old
Chinese 		/*rteŋʔ/ /*teːŋʔ/
Notes 變音，見通俗文 見通俗文

Definitions

[edit]

打

  1. to hit; to strike; to slap; to beat
    別打人。／别打人。  ―  Bié dǎ rén.  ―  Don't hit people.
    打蚊子  ―  dǎ wénzǐ  ―  to swat mosquitoes
    1. to break by hitting or striking
      我把暖壺打了。／我把暖壶打了。  ―  Wǒ bǎ nuǎnhú dǎ le.  ―  I broke the vacuum flask.
      碗打了。  ―  Wǎn dǎ le.  ―  The bowl was broken [by someone/something].
      雞飛蛋打／鸡飞蛋打  ―  jīfēidàndǎ  ―  having lost everything
    2. (music) to play (a percussion instrument)
      打鼓  ―  dǎ gǔ  ―  to play the drums
  2. to fight; to attack
    打架  ―  dǎjià  ―  to come to blows; to fight
    二戰德國為什麼要打蘇聯？ [MSC, trad.]
    二战德国为什么要打苏联？ [MSC, simp.]
    Èrzhàn Déguó wèishénme yào dǎ Sūlián? [Pinyin]
    In World War II, why did Germany attack the Soviet Union?
  3. the act of beating up
    他挨了一頓打。／他挨了一顿打。  ―  Tā ái le yī dùn dǎ.  ―  He was beaten up.
  4. Used as a dummy verb to make a verbal phrase from a noun, including but not limited to:
    1. to get; to fetch
      打水  ―  dǎ shuǐ  ―  to get water
    2. (metonymically) to buy unpackaged or simply packaged goods (meat, soy sauce, oil, etc. at a grocery store)
      打醬油／打酱油  ―  dǎ jiàngyóu  ―  to buy unpackaged soy sauce
      打飯／打饭  ―  dǎ fàn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      打牛奶  ―  dǎ niúnǎi  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    3. to buy (ticket)
      打票 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  tá-phêu [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    4. to guess; (the riddle) is about
      打一人物  ―  dǎ yī rénwù  ―  to guess a person
    5. to make (a gesture, signal, etc.)
      打招呼  ―  dǎ zhāohū  ―  to say hello
      打呵欠  ―  dǎhēqiàn  ―  to yawn
      打哆嗦  ―  dǎ duōsuo  ―  to shiver
      打右燈／打右灯 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 jau6 dang1 [Jyutping]  ―  to put on the right turn signal (when driving)
    6. to speak (a signed language)
      打手语  ―  dǎ shǒuyǔ  ―  to speak sign language
    7. to fabricate; to build
      打刀  ―  dǎ dāo  ―  to make a knife
      打牆／打墙  ―  dǎ qiáng  ―  to build a wall
      打毛衣  ―  dǎ máoyī  ―  to knit a sweater
    8. to stir
      打算盤／打算盘  ―  dǎ suànpán  ―  to calculate with an abacus
      打方向盤／打方向盘  ―  dǎ fāngxiàngpán  ―  to turn a steering wheel
      打蛋 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 daan6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to whip an egg
    9. to open
      打帳子／打帐子  ―  dǎ zhàngzi  ―  to open (or set up) the bed curtains
      打傘／打伞  ―  dǎ sǎn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      打開／打开  ―  dǎkāi  ―  to open
    10. to lift
      打燈籠／打灯笼  ―  dǎ dēnglóng  ―  to carry a lighted lantern
      打幡  ―  dǎ fān  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      打旗號／打旗号  ―  dǎ qíhào  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      打幌子  ―  dǎ huǎngzi  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    11. to dig
      打井  ―  dǎ jǐng  ―  to dig a well
      打洞  ―  dǎ dòng  ―  to drill a hole
    12. to send or call
      打電報／打电报  ―  dǎ diànbào  ―  to send a telegraph
      打電話／打电话  ―  dǎ diànhuà  ―  to call on the telephone
      打手機／打手机  ―  dǎ shǒujī  ―  to call on the cellphone
      到咗機場就打畀我。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      到咗机场就打畀我。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      dou3 zo2 gei1 coeng4 zau6 daa2 bei2 ngo5. [Jyutping]
      Call me when you arrive at the airport.
      對不起，打錯了。 [MSC, trad.]
      对不起，打错了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Duìbuqǐ, dǎ cuò le. [Pinyin]
      Sorry, I got the wrong number.
    13. to pump (a tire, etc.); to inject
      打氣／打气  ―  dǎ qì  ―  to pump air into something
      打疫苗  ―  dǎ yìmiáo  ―  to give a vaccine
      打顯影劑／打显影剂 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 hin2 jing2 zai1 [Jyutping]  ―  to inject IV contrast
    14. (involving gunpowder) to fire off; to set off; to attack
      打槍／打枪  ―  dǎ qiāng  ―  to fire a gun
      打炮仗  ―  dǎ pàozhang  ―  to set off a firecracker
      把飛機打下來／把飞机打下来  ―  bǎ fēijī dǎ xiàlái  ―  to shoot down an airplane
    15. (figuratively, vulgar) to perform sexual activity
      打炮  ―  dǎpào  ―  to have sex
      打手槍／打手枪  ―  dǎshǒuqiāng  ―  to jerk off
    16. to gather
      打成一片  ―  dǎchéngyīpiàn  ―  to get along well with everyone else
    17. to apply
      打蠟／打蜡  ―  dǎ là  ―  to wax
      打藥／打药  ―  dǎ yào  ―  to spray agricultural pesticide or phytohormone, etc. to the plant
      打膠／打胶  ―  dǎ jiāo  ―  to caulk
    18. to attach
      打補丁／打补丁  ―  dǎ bǔdīng  ―  to patch up
      打個標籤／打个标签  ―  dǎ ge biāoqiān  ―  to tag
    19. to bite (said of insects that eat books, clothes)
    20. to write
      打證明／打证明  ―  dǎ zhèngmíng  ―  to write out a testimonial
      打介紹信／打介绍信  ―  dǎ jièshàoxìn  ―  to write a recommendation letter
    21. to paint; to stamp
      打格子  ―  dǎ gézi  ―  to draw a grid
      打郵戳／打邮戳  ―  dǎ yóuchuō  ―  to postmark
    22. (computing) to type
      「o的」字點打？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      「o的」字点打？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      “di1” zi6 dim2 daa2? [Jyutping]
      How do you type "o的"?
    23. to display (text, an image, etc.)
      屏幕上打出兩行字。 [MSC, trad.]
      屏幕上打出两行字。 [MSC, simp.]
      Píngmù shàng dǎ chū liǎng háng zì. [Pinyin]
      Two lines of text display on the screen.
    24. to use (a computer, usually for entertainment)
      打電腦／打电脑  ―  dǎ diànnǎo  ―  to use a computer
    25. to play (a video game or console)
      打電動／打电动  ―  dǎ diàndòng  ―  to play video game
    26. to play (a sport involving balls with hand)
      打壁球  ―  dǎ bìqiú  ―  to play squash
      打一場輸一場／打一场输一场  ―  dǎ yī chǎng shū yī chǎng  ―  play a round and lose a round
      打波 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 bo1 [Jyutping]  ―  to play a ball game
    27. to play (mahjong, card games, etc.)
      打麻雀 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 maa4 zoek3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to play mahjong
      打撲克／打扑克 [dialectal Mandarin]  ―  dǎ púkèr [Pinyin]  ―  to play poker
      打牌  ―  dǎpái  ―  to play cards or mahjong
    28. to perform (a martial art)
      打太極拳／打太极拳  ―  dǎ tàijíquán  ―  to perform Tai Chi
      打把式  ―  dǎ bǎshi  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    29. to tie
      打領結／打领结  ―  dǎ lǐngjié  ―  to tie a bowtie
      打煲呔 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 bou1 taai1 [Jyutping]  ―  to tie a bowtie
      打死扣  ―  dǎ sǐkòu  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    30. to reduce
      打價／打价  ―  dǎ jià  ―  to bargain
    31. to remove
      打蟲／打虫  ―  dǎ chóng  ―  to kill insects
      打胎  ―  dǎ tāi  ―  to abort a fetus
    32. to stop
      打住  ―  dǎzhù  ―  to stop
  5. (Cantonese) to correspond to; to be associated with
    已經唔記得邊個打邊個 [Cantonese, trad.]
    已经唔记得边个打边个 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ji5 ging1 m4 gei3 dak1 bin1 go3 daa2 bin1 go3 [Jyutping]
    have already forgotten which one goes with which one
  6. to reach
  7. from; since
    打東邊來了個喇嘛 [MSC, trad.]
    打东边来了个喇嘛 [MSC, simp.]
    dǎ dōngbiān lái le ge lǎma [Pinyin]
    from the east comes a lama
    打今兒起／打今儿起  ―  dǎ jīnr qǐ  ―  from today onward
  8. (opera) A particle used between reduplicated syllables.
  9. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to hit):
Dialectal synonyms of 打 (“to hit; to strike; to beat”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 打, 揍, 擊, 撲
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 打, 揍
Taiwan 打, 揍
Harbin 揍
Malaysia 打
Singapore 打
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 打, 揍
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 打, 揍
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 打
Xi'an 打
Xuzhou 打, 揍
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 打
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 打
Wuhan 打
Guilin 打
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 打, 揍
Yangzhou 打, 揍
Hefei 打
Cantonese Guangzhou 打, 𢱕, 抦
Hong Kong 打, 𢱕, 抦
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 打
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 打
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 打
Taishan 打
Dongguan 打
Yangjiang 打
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 打
Singapore (Guangfu) 打
Gan Nanchang 打
Lichuan 打
Hakka Meixian 打
Yudu 打
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 打
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 打
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 打
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 打
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 打
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 打
Senai (Huiyang) 打
Singapore (Dabu) 打
Huizhou Jixi 打
Jin Taiyuan 打
Xinzhou 打
Northern Min Jian'ou 𢫦
Jian'ou (Dikou) 𢫦
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 𢫦
Jianyang 𢫦
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 𢫦
Pucheng (Shibei) 𢫦
Eastern Min Fuzhou 拍
Gutian 拍
Pingnan 拍
Fu'an 拍
Ningde 拍
Xiapu 拍
Zherong 拍
Shouning 拍
Zhouning 拍
Fuding 拍
Sitiawan (Gutian) 拍
Southern Min Xiamen 拍, 㧌
Xiamen (Tong'an) 拍
Quanzhou 拍
Jinjiang 拍
Yongchun 拍
Zhangzhou 拍, 㧌, 擸
Zhangpu 拍
Zhao'an 拍
Tainan 拍, 㧌
Penang (Hokkien) 拍, 㧌
Singapore (Hokkien) 拍
Manila (Hokkien) 拍, 㧌
Guilin (Biyange) 拍
Chaozhou 拍
Shantou 拍
Shantou (Chenghai) 拍
Shantou (Chaoyang) 拍
Jieyang 拍
Lufeng 拍
Haifeng 拍
Bangkok (Teochew) 拍
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 拍
Singapore (Teochew) 拍
Pontianak (Teochew) 拍
Leizhou 拍
Wenchang 拍
Haikou 拍
Singapore (Hainanese) 拍
Puxian Min Putian 拍
Xianyou 拍
Central Min Yong'an 𢫦
Sanming (Sanyuan) 𢫦
Sanming (Shaxian) 𢫦
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 𢫦
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 拍
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 打
Shehua Fu'an 打
Fuding 打
Luoyuan 打
Sanming 打
Shunchang 打
Hua'an 打
Guixi (Zhangping) 打
Cangnan 打
Jingning (Hexi) 打
Lishui 打
Longyou 打
Chaozhou 打
Fengshun 打
Wu Shanghai 打
Shanghai (Chongming) 打
Suzhou 打
Danyang 打
Hangzhou 打
Wenzhou 打
Jinhua 打
Xiang Changsha 打
Shuangfeng 打

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Korean: 치다 (chida, “to call (on the telephone)”) (semantic loan)
  • → Zhuang: daj

Etymology 2

[edit]

Short for 打臣, from English dozen.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

打

  1. dozen
    一打雞蛋／一打鸡蛋  ―  yī dá jīdàn  ―  a dozen of eggs

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Zhuang: daj

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

打

  1. Only used in 蘇打／苏打 (sūdá).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
打

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]
Kanji in this term
打
だあす
Grade: 3
(ateji)
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 打 – see the following entry.
【ダース】
[noun] dozen
(This term, 打, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

打 (eumhun 칠 타 (chil ta))

  1. hanja form? of 타 (“hit; strike”)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

打: Hán Nôm readings: đả, đánh, dừng, đử, tá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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