牛馬走

Chinese

		oxen and horses; beasts of burden; a person who is enslaved and driven by others	to walk; to go; to move to walk; to go; to move; to leave
trad. (牛馬走)		牛馬	走
simp. (牛马走)		牛马	走

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): niúmǎzǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau⁴ maa⁵ zau²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niúmǎzǒu [Phonetic: niúmázǒu]
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nióumǎzǒu
    • Wade–Giles: niu²-ma³-tsou³
    • Yale: nyóu-mǎ-dzǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nioumaatzoou
    • Palladius: нюмацзоу (njumaczou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngau⁴ maa⁵ zau²
    • Yale: ngàuh máh jáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁴ maa⁵ dzau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁴ ma⁵ zeo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯²¹ maː¹³ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjuw maeX tsuwX|tsuwH

Rime
Character	牛	馬	走	走
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	明 (4)	精 (13)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	麻 (98)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	I	I
Fanqie	語求切	莫下切	子苟切	則候切
Baxter	ngjuw	maeX	tsuwX	tsuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨu/	/mˠaX/	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiu/	/mᵚaX/	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiəu/	/maX/	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuw/	/maɨX/	/t͡səwX/	/t͡səwH/
Li Rong	/ŋiu/	/maX/	/t͡suX/	/t͡suH/
Wang Li	/ŋĭəu/	/maX/	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ə̯u/	/maX/	/t͡sə̯uX/	/t͡sə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu	mǎ	zǒu	zòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngau4	maa5	zau2	zau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷə  mˤraʔ  [ts]ˤoʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷɯ  mraːʔ  ʔsoːʔ|ʔsoːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	牛	馬	走
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niú	mǎ	zǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjuw ›	‹ mæX ›	‹ tsuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?)	/*mˁraʔ/	/*[ts]ˁoʔ/
English	ox	horse	run
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牛	馬	走	走
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	9564	8715	17906	17907
Phonetic component	牛	馬	走	走
Rime group	之	魚	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	牛	馬	走	奏
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷɯ/	/*mraːʔ/	/*ʔsoːʔ/	/*ʔsoːs/

Noun

牛馬走

1. (self-deprecatory) servant tending the oxen and horses