石窟

Chinese

		rock; stone; 10 pecks	cave; hole
trad. (石窟)		石	窟
simp. #(石窟)		石	窟

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shíkū

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄎㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sek⁶ fat¹
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo² koh⁶ / sieo² kuoh⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h-khut

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíkū
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄎㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhku
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-kʻu¹
    • Yale: shŕ-kū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrku
    • Palladius: шику (šiku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sek⁶ fat¹
    • Yale: sehk fāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sek⁹ fat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ség⁶ fed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛːk̚² fɐt̚⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo² koh⁶ [Phonetic: sieo⁴ koh⁶]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieu¹³⁻⁴² kʰɔʔ¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo² kuoh⁶ [Phonetic: sieo⁴ kuoh⁶]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieu¹³⁻⁴² kʰuoʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-khut
    • Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-khut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqqud
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kʰut̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰut̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰut̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyek khwot

Rime
Character	石	窟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	常隻切	苦骨切
Baxter	dzyek	khwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/	/kʰuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajk̚/	/kʰwət̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	ku
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik6	fat1

Noun

石窟

1. rock cave; grotto
2. (Jinjiang Hokkien) quarry

Synonyms

• (grotto):

edit

• 山洞 (shāndòng)
• 山空 (Hokkien)
• 山窿 (saan¹ lung¹) (Cantonese, Hakka)
• 岩穴 (yánxué) (literary)
• 洞穴 (dòngxué)
• 洞空 (Hokkien)
• 洞窟 (dòngkū)
• 磅空 ( Taiwanese Hakka)
• 穴 (xué)

 

• (quarry): 採石場／采石场 (cǎishíchǎng)

Derived terms

• 石窟寺 (shíkūsì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (石窟):

• → Japanese: 石窟(せっくつ) (sekkutsu)
• → Korean: 석굴(石窟) (seokgul)

References

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “石窟”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 488.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
石	窟
せき > せっ Grade: 1	くつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せっくつ [sèkkútsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [se̞k̚kɯ̟̊t͡sɨ]

Noun

石窟(せっくつ) • (sekkutsu) 

1. rock cave

   Synonyms: 岩屋, 岩穴