統一

See also: 统一

Chinese

		to gather; to unite; to unify to gather; to unite; to unify; whole	one; single; a one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)
trad. (統一)		統	一
simp. (统一)		统	一
anagram		一統／一统

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tǒngyī

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тунйи (tunyi, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung² jat¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thúng-yit

  (Hailu, HRS): tung^ˊ rhid

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thóng-it

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tong² ig⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵thon-iq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tǒngyī
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tǒngyi
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung³-i¹
    • Yale: tǔng-yī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toongi
    • Palladius: тунъи (tunʺi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тунйи (tunyi, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuŋ²⁴ i²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tung² jat¹
    • Yale: túng yāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung² jat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung² yed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thúng-yit
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˋ id^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung³ yid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³¹ it̚²/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thúng-yit
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˋ (r)id^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung³ yid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³¹ (j)it̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˊ rhid
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ ʒit⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thóng-it
    • Tâi-lô: thóng-it
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tofng'id
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ it̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tong² ig⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóng ik
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ik̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵thon-iq
    • MiniDict: thon^去 ih
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²thon-iq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰoŋ³³ iɪʔ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: thowngH 'jit

Rime
Character	統	一
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他綜切	於悉切
Baxter	thowngH	'jit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuoŋH/	/ʔiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoŋH/	/ʔit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰoŋH/	/ʔjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰawŋH/	/ʔit̚/
Li Rong	/tʰoŋH/	/ʔiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/tʰuoŋH/	/ĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuoŋH/	/ʔi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tòng	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung3	jat1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːŋs  qliɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	一
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yī
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjit ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔi[t]/
English	one
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	統	一
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1490	14833
Phonetic component	充	一
Rime group	終	質
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	統	一
Old Chinese	/*tʰuːŋs/	/*qliɡ/

Verb

統一

隨著冷戰結束，西德於1990年吞併東德，德國正式統一。圖爲東德瓦解前夕民眾在柏林牆上示威。

1. to unify; to unite; to integrate; to consolidate

   統一標準／统一标准  ―  tǒngyī biāozhǔn  ―  to unify standards

   統一天下／统一天下  ―  tǒngyī tiānxià  ―  to unify all under heaven

Synonyms

edit

• 一致 (yīzhì)
• 一體化／一体化 (yītǐhuà)
• 合一 (héyī)
• 合併／合并 (hébìng)
• 合轍／合辙 (hézhé) (figurative)
• 團結／团结 (tuánjié)
• 歸併／归并 (guībìng)

 

Antonyms

• 分裂 (fēnliè)
• 決裂／决裂 (juéliè)
• 破裂 (pòliè)

Adjective

統一

1. unified; united; integrated; consolidated
2. centralised
3. consistent
4. unanimous

Synonyms

• (centralised):

edit

• 集中 (jízhōng)

 

• (consistent):

edit

• 一律 (yīlǜ)
• 一樣／一样 (yīyàng)
• 一致 (yīzhì)
• 一般 (yībān)
• 同一 (tóngyī)
• 同樣／同样 (tóngyàng)
• 整齊／整齐 (zhěngqí)
• 相同 (xiāngtóng)

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “centralised”):

edit

• 分散 (fēnsàn)
• 散漫 (literary)
• 零散
• 零星 (língxīng)
• 零碎 (língsuì)
• 零零星星 (línglíngxīngxīng)

 

Derived terms

• 對立統一規律／对立统一规律 (duìlì tǒngyī guīlǜ)
• 統一性／统一性 (tǒngyīxìng)
• 統一戰線／统一战线 (tǒngyī zhànxiàn)
• 統一教／统一教 (Tǒngyījiào)
• 統一發票／统一发票
• 統一資源定位符／统一资源定位符 (tǒngyī zīyuán dìngwèifú)
• 統一體／统一体 (tǒngyītǐ)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (統一):

• → Japanese: 統一(とういつ) (tōitsu)
• → Korean: 통일(統一) (tong'il)
• → Vietnamese: thống nhất (統一)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
統	一
とう Grade: 5	いつ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とーいつ [tòóítsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːit͡sɨ]

Noun

統(とう)一(いつ) • (tōitsu) 

1. unification, consolidation

   統一(とういつ)を欠(か)く

   tōitsu o kaku

   to lack unity

Derived terms

• 統一市場(とういついちば) (tōitsuichiba)
• 統一会派(とういつかいは) (tōitsukaiha)
• 統一規則(とういつきそく) (tōitsukisoku)
• 統一教会(とういつきょうかい) (Tōitsu Kyōkai)
• 統一見解(とういつけんかい) (tōitsukenkai)
• 統一行動(とういつこうどう) (tōitsukōdō)
• 統一公判(とういつこうはん) (tōitsukōhan)
• 統一小売価格(とういつこうりかく) (tōitsukōrikaku)
• 統一国家(とういつこっか) (tōitsukokka)
• 統一(とういつ)スト (tōitsusuto)
• 統一戦線(とういつせんせん) (tōitsusensen)
• 統一地方選挙(とういつちほうせんきょ) (tōitsuchihōsenkyo)
• 統一補欠選挙(とういつほけつせんきょ) (tōitsuhoketsusenkyo)
• 統一手形用紙(とういつてがたようし) (tōitsutegatayōshi)
• 統一的(とういつてき) (tōitsuteki)
• 統一場理論(とういつばりろん) (tōitsubariron)
• 統一科学(とういつりがく) (tōitsurigaku)
• 経済統一(けいざいとういつ) (keizaitōitsu)
• 精神統一(せいしんとういつ) (seishintōitsu)
• 大統一理論(だいとういつりろん) (daitōitsuriron)
• 天下統一(てんかとういつ) (tenkatōitsu)
• 不統一(ふとういつ) (futōitsu)

Verb

統(とう)一(いつ)する • (tōitsu suru) suru (stem 統(とう)一(いつ)し (tōitsu shi), past 統(とう)一(いつ)した (tōitsu shita))

1. to unite, to unify
2. to standardize
3. to concentrate on

Conjugation

Conjugation of "統一する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	統一し	とういつし	tōitsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	統一し	とういつし	tōitsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	統一する	とういつする	tōitsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	統一する	とういつする	tōitsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	統一すれ	とういつすれ	tōitsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	統一せよ¹ 統一しろ²	とういつせよ¹ とういつしろ²	tōitsu seyo¹ tōitsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	統一される	とういつされる	tōitsu sareru
Causative	統一させる 統一さす	とういつさせる とういつさす	tōitsu saseru tōitsu sasu
Potential	統一できる	とういつできる	tōitsu dekiru
Volitional	統一しよう	とういつしよう	tōitsu shiyō
Negative	統一しない	とういつしない	tōitsu shinai
Negative continuative	統一せず	とういつせず	tōitsu sezu
Formal	統一します	とういつします	tōitsu shimasu
Perfective	統一した	とういつした	tōitsu shita
Conjunctive	統一して	とういつして	tōitsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	統一すれば	とういつすれば	tōitsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
統	一

Noun

統一 • (tong'il) (hangeul 통일)

1. hanja form^? of 통일 (“unification, reunification”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 통일미 (tong'ilmi)
• 통일벼 (tong'ilbyeo)
• 통일안 (tong'iran)
• 통일원 (tong'irwon)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
統	一

Adjective

統一

1. chữ Hán form of thống nhất (“united; unified”).

Derived terms

• A-rập thống nhất Ê-mi-rát (A-rập 統一 Ê-mi-rát)