鑽

See also: 钻 and 鑚

鑽 U+947D, 鑽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-947D ← 鑼 [U+947C] CJK Unified Ideographs 鑾 → [U+947E]

Translingual

Traditional	鑽
Shinjitai (extended)	鑚
Simplified	钻

Han character

鑽 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+19, 27 strokes, cangjie input 金竹山金 (CHUC), four-corner 8418₆, composition ⿰釒贊)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1327, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41082
• Dae Jaweon: page 1828, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4276, character 7
• Unihan data for U+947D

Chinese

trad.		鑽
simp.		钻*
nonstandard simp.		𰿆
alternative forms		鑚 鉆／钻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (贊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
贊	*ʔsaːns
趲	*ʔsaːns, *zaːnʔ
讚	*ʔsaːns
酇	*ʔsaːns, *zoːn
饡	*ʔsaːns
濽	*ʔsaːns
襸	*ʔsaːns
攢	*ʔsaːns, *ʔsoːnʔ
瓚	*zaːnʔ
禶	*zaːnʔ, *zoːn
穳	*zaːns, *zoːn
囋	*zaːns, *zaːd
鑽	*ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns
劗	*ʔsoːn, *zoːn
纘	*ʔsoːnʔ
儧	*ʔsoːnʔ
鄼	*ʔsoːnʔ
欑	*ʔsoːnʔ, *zoːn
籫	*ʔsoːnʔ
巑	*zoːn
攅	*zoːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsow-t (“to pierce, plant, erect; a thorn”). Cognate with Burmese စူး (cu:, “to be pierced”), 竄 (OC *sʰoːn, *sʰoːns, “to flee, exile”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuān (zuan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zyun³ / zyun¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chon
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): choàn / chǹg / chùiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zeng³ / neng³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsoe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuan
    • Wade–Giles: tsuan¹
    • Yale: dzwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuan
    • Palladius: цзуань (czuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯än⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zyun³ / zyun¹
    • Yale: jyun / jyūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzyn³ / dzyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jun³ / jun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syːn³³/, /t͡syːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chon
    • Hakka Romanization System: zon
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zon⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡son⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choàn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoaxn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡suan²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǹg
    • Tâi-lô: tsǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zngx
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chùiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsuìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zvuix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suĩ²¹/

Note:

• choàn - literary;
• chǹg/chuìⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zeng³ / neng³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̀ng / nṳ̀ng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯŋ²¹³/, /nɯŋ²¹³/

Note:

• zeng3 - literary;
• neng3 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsoe
    • MiniDict: tsoe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tswan

Rime
Character	鑽
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	借官切
Baxter	tswan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡suɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡swan/
Li Rong	/t͡suɑn/
Wang Li	/t͡suɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡suɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyun1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤor/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鑽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuān
Middle Chinese	‹ tswan ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁor/
English	perforate, penetrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑽
Reading #	1/2
No.	16527
Phonetic component	贊
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鑚
Old Chinese	/*ʔsoːn/

Definitions

鑽

1. to drill; to bore
2. to study intensively
3. to go deep into or go through; to get into; to break through; to pierce
4. to secure personal gain

Synonyms

• (to drill):

edit

• 戮空 (Hokkien)
• 打孔 (dǎkǒng)
• 打洞 (dǎdòng)
• 打眼 (dǎyǎn)
• 打窿 (Cantonese)
• 拍空 (Hokkien)
• 穿孔 (chuānkǒng)
• 鑿／凿
• 鑽孔／钻孔 (zuānkǒng)

 

• (to study intensively):

edit

• 探討／探讨 (tàntǎo)
• 摳／抠 (kōu)
• 查考 (chákǎo)
• 研修 (yánxiū)
• 研究 (yánjiū)
• 研習／研习 (yánxí)
• 研討／研讨 (yántǎo)
• 精研 (jīngyán) (formal)
• 細究／细究 (xìjiū)
• 考究
• 調查／调查 (diàochá)
• 鑽研／钻研 (zuānyán)

 

• (to secure personal gain): 鑽營／钻营 (zuānyíng)

Compounds

• 不鑽營／不钻营
• 刁鑽／刁钻 (diāozuān)
• 刁鑽古怪／刁钻古怪
• 幫懶鑽閑／帮懒钻闲
• 幫閑鑽懶／帮闲钻懒
• 見縫就鑽／见缝就钻
• 賣李鑽核／卖李钻核
• 踰牆鑽穴／逾墙钻穴
• 踰牆鑽隙／逾墙钻隙
• 鑽仰／钻仰
• 鑽冰取火／钻冰取火
• 鑽冰求火／钻冰求火
• 鑽冰求酥／钻冰求酥
• 鑽刺／钻刺
• 鑽堅仰高／钻坚仰高
• 鑽天／钻天
• 鑽天入地／钻天入地
• 鑽天打洞／钻天打洞
• 鑽孔／钻孔 (zuānkǒng)
• 鑽懶幫閑／钻懒帮闲
• 鑽探／钻探 (zuāntàn)
• 鑽故紙／钻故纸
• 鑽木取火／钻木取火 (zuānmùqǔhuǒ)
• 鑽機／钻机 (zuànjī)
• 鑽火／钻火
• 鑽火得冰／钻火得冰
• 鑽灼／钻灼
• 鑽營／钻营 (zuānyíng)
• 鑽燧／钻燧
• 鑽牛犄角／钻牛犄角
• 鑽牛角尖／钻牛角尖 (zuān niújiǎojiān)
• 鑽狗洞／钻狗洞
• 鑽疾／钻疾
• 鑽皮出羽／钻皮出羽
• 鑽研／钻研 (zuānyán)
• 鑽穴踰垣／钻穴逾垣
• 鑽穴踰牆／钻穴逾墙
• 鑽空子／钻空子 (zuān kòngzi)
• 鑽謀／钻谋
• 鑽錢眼／钻钱眼 (zuān qiányǎn)
• 鑽門路／钻门路
• 鑽隙踰牆／钻隙逾墙
• 鑽頭就鎖／钻头就锁
• 鑽頭覓縫／钻头觅缝

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuàn (zuan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zyun³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): choàn / chǹg / chùiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zeng³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsoe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuàn
    • Wade–Giles: tsuan⁴
    • Yale: dzwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuann
    • Palladius: цзуань (czuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zyun³
    • Yale: jyun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzyn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: jun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syːn³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choàn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoaxn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡suan²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǹg
    • Tâi-lô: tsǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zngx
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chùiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsuìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zvuix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suĩ²¹/

Note:

• choàn - literary;
• chǹg/chuìⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zeng³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̀ng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsoe
    • MiniDict: tsoe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tswanH

Rime
Character	鑽
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子筭切
Baxter	tswanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʷɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡suɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡swanH/
Li Rong	/t͡suɑnH/
Wang Li	/t͡suɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡suɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyun3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑽
Reading #	2/2
No.	16535
Phonetic component	贊
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	䂎
Old Chinese	/*ʔsoːns/

Definitions

鑽

1. drill; auger (tool)
2. diamond

Compounds

• 弓形鑽／弓形钻
• 扁鑽／扁钻
• 水鑽／水钻
• 牙鑽／牙钻
• 螺紋鑽／螺纹钻
• 金剛鑽／金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
• 金剛鑽婚／金刚钻婚
• 鑽子／钻子 (zuànzi)
• 鑽床／钻床
• 鑽戒／钻戒 (zuànjiè)
• 鑽石／钻石 (zuànshí)
• 鑽石婚／钻石婚
• 鑽頭／钻头 (zuàntóu)
• 電鑽／电钻 (diànzuàn)

 

References

• “鑽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	鑚
Kyūjitai	鑽

Kanji

鑽

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鑚)

1. to start a fire (by friction)

Readings

• Go-on: さん (san)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kun: きり (kiri, 鑽り)、きる (kiru, 鑽る)、たがね (tagane, 鑽)

Compounds

• 鑽孔(さんこう) (sankō): to bore, to punch
• 鑽孔機(さんこうき) (sankōki): punching machine

Usage notes

An extended shinjitai character, 鑚 (U+945A) is available for this character.

Korean

Hanja

鑽 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鑽: Hán Nôm readings: toản, xoảng, xoàn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.