頭家
See also: 头家
Chinese
[edit]| head; (noun suffix) | home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (頭家) | 頭 | 家 | |
| simp. (头家) | 头 | 家 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tau4 gaa1
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tao2 gor1 / tao2 ge1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóujia
- Wade–Giles: tʻou2-chia1
- Yale: tóu-jyā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourjia
- Palladius: тоуцзя (touczja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tau4 gaa1
- Yale: tàuh gā
- Cantonese Pinyin: tau4 gaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: teo4 ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɐu̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu-kâ
- Hakka Romanization System: teuˇ gaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: teu2 ga1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯¹¹ ka²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: teu gaˋ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵⁵ ka⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tao2 gor1 [Phonetic: tao5 or1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰau¹³⁻²¹ (k-)ɒ⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tao2 ge1 [Phonetic: tao5 ge1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰau¹³⁻²¹ ke⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- tao2 gor1 - “casino boss”;
- tao2 ge1 - “leader, head”, borrowed from Hokkien.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Taichung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâu-kee
- Tâi-lô: thâu-kee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰau¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâu--ke
- Tâi-lô: thâu--ke
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tao5 gê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâu ke
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: tao5 ge1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰau²² kɛ³⁵/
Noun
[edit]頭家
- (chiefly Southern Min, Hakka) owner (of a shop etc., addressed by customers)
- (chiefly Southern Min, Hakka) boss (addressed by employees)
- (chiefly Southern Min, Hakka, dated in Leizhou Min) husband
- 二十三歲遇到阮頭家 二十八歲有子三個 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 2013, 蔡秋鳳 (Kerris Tsai) (lyricist 廖偉志), 命
- Lī-cha̍p-saⁿ hòe tú-tio̍h gún thâu-ke, lī-cha̍p-peh hòe ū kiáⁿ saⁿ ê [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- When I was twenty-three, I met my husband; when I was twenty-eight, I had three sons.
二十三岁遇到阮头家 二十八岁有子三个 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
- (gambling) organizer of a gambling party who takes a cut of the winnings
- (gambling, card games) banker of the first round
- (gambling, card games) first player
- (gambling, card games) preceding player
- organizer of a ceremony at a temple
- (Putian Puxian Min) casino boss
- (Puxian Min) leader, head, chief
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Burmese: ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:, “honorific term for a Chinese man”)[1]
- → Malay: tauke
- → Lao: ເຖົ້າແກ່ (thao kǣ)
- → Tai Dam: ꪹꪖ꫁ꪱꪵꪀ꪿
- → Thai: เถ้าแก่ (tâo-gɛ̀ɛ)
- → Khmer: ថៅកែ (thaw kae)
- → Vietnamese: tào kê
References
[edit]- ^ Myanmar-English Dictionary (1993, Myanmar Language Commission; republished 1996, Dunwoody Press)
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #12096”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “头家”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 526.
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “头家”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 527.
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Leizhou Min lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Leizhou Min nouns
- Puxian Min nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 頭
- Chinese terms spelled with 家
- Southern Min Chinese
- Hakka Chinese
- Chinese dated terms
- Leizhou Min Chinese
- Hokkien terms with quotations
- zh:Gambling
- zh:Card games
- Putian Puxian Min
- Puxian Min Chinese