Template:LGBT rights table Europe: Difference between revisions
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India does have a third gender - "others" - hat is the third gender in Germany ?!? |
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|<!--Military--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] |
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|<!--Sexual orientation--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Bans some anti-gay discrimination |
|<!--Sexual orientation--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Bans some anti-gay discrimination |
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|<!--Gender identity/expression--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Gender change is legal.<ref>{{de icon}} [http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tsg/index.html Gesetz über die Änderung der Vornamen und die Feststellung der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit in besonderen Fällen |
|<!--Gender identity/expression--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Gender change is legal.<ref>{{de icon}} [http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tsg/index.html Gesetz über die Änderung der Vornamen und die Feststellung der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit in besonderen Fällen]</ref> |
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| {{flagicon|European Union}}{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[LGBT rights in Hungary|Hungary]] |
| {{flagicon|European Union}}{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[LGBT rights in Hungary|Hungary]] |
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Tables:
European Union
European Union member states are indicated with the EU flag in regional European sub-divisions.
See: LGBT rights in the European Union European Union law forbids discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. All EU states are required to legalise same-sex sexual activity and implement anti-discrimination laws.[1][2] |
Central Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Same-sex civil union | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Legal since 1971[3] | Registered partnership since 2010[4] | (Pending)[5] | / Biological step-child adoption | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | Gender change Is legal.[6] | |
Croatia | Legal since 1977[3] | Life partnership since 2014[7] | A constitutional ban was approved in a referendum in 2013. A bill aiming at amending the constitution to that effect is still pending in parliament. | / Gay individuals may adopt; Partner-guardianship (similar to step-child adoption) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[8][9][9] | Act on the elimination of discrimination bans all types discrimination based on both gender identity and gender expression. Gender change is regulated by special policy issued by Ministry of Health. [10] | |
Czech Republic | Legal since 1962[3] | Registered partnership since 2006[11] | / Gay individuals may adopt (both when in registered partnership or single) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | legal recognition granted and amendment of birth certificate after reassignment surgery/ | ||
Germany | Legal since 1969 (since 1968 in East Germany) |
Registered life partnership since 2001[12] | (Pending)[13] | / Step-child adoption | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | Gender change is legal.[14] | |
Hungary | Legal since 1962[3] | Registered partnership since 2009[15] | Constitutionally banned since 2012 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Full legal recognition granted, birth certificate replaced. No surgery or hormone therapy is required for legal gender change. | ||
Liechtenstein | Legal since 1989[3] | Registered partnership since 2011[16] | N/A | (Gender change Not Legal) [6] | |||
Poland | (Illegal from 1939-1944/1945 under annexation of Nazi Germany) | (Pending)[17][18][19][20][21] | Constitutionally banned since 1997.[22] | / Gay individuals may adopt | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | legal recognition and birth certificates amended, including. In 1983, the Supreme Court ruled reassignment surgery is not a prerequisite for legal recognition.[23] | |
Romania | Legal since 1996 | / Gay individuals may adopt. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Legal recognition and birth certificates amended after reassignment surgery | |||
Slovakia | Legal since 1962[3] | (Proposed)[24] | Constitutionally banned since 2014. | / Gay individuals may adopt; Pending a scheduled referendum on constitutional ban. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[25][26] | (Requires sterilization for change).[6] | |
Slovenia | Legal since 1977[3] | Registered partnership since 2006[27] | / Step-child adoption [28] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change not legal[6] | ||
Switzerland | Legal (Geneva, Vaud, Valais and Ticino: since 1798 Nationwide since 1942) |
Registered partnership since 2007[29] | (pending)[30] (constitutional ban pending) | / Gay individuals may adopt; Biological step-child adoption pending.[31] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination. Banning all anti-gay discrimination pending | Legal documents can be issued based on a person's new gender identity. Sterilization technically required not enforced since 2012. Registered Partnership can become Marriage between the new opposite-sex couple[32]. |
Eastern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Same-sex civil union | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armenia | Legal since 2003[3] | Constitutionally banned since 1995. | / No explicit ban. However, LGB persons have been reportedly discharged because of their sexual orientation..[33] | ||||
Azerbaijan | Legal since 2000[3] | Constitutionally banned since 1995. | (Requires sterilization for change).[6] | ||||
Belarus | Legal since 1994[3] | Constitutionally banned since 1994. | / Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able.[34] | LGBT activism/expression deemed terrorism[35] | |||
Georgia | Legal since 2000[3] | (constitutional ban pending) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] | (Requires sterilization for change)[6] | |||
Kazakhstan | Legal since 1998[3] | ||||||
Moldova | Legal since 1995[3] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination [9] | (Requires sterilization for change)[6] | ||||
Russia | Legal since 1993 (previously legal from 1917 to 1933) | (Requires sterilization for change)[6] | |||||
Ukraine | Legal since 1991 | constitutional ban since 1991 | / Singles are allowed to adopt. | / Policies depend on the regional commissioners. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | (Requires sterilization for change)[6] |
Northern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Same-sex civil union | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark | Legal since 1933[3] | Registered partnership from 1989 to 2012 | Legal since 2012 | Legal since 2010 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy.[37] | |
Estonia | Legal since 1992[3] | Cohabitation agreement from 2016[38] | / Step-child adoption from 2016, Gay individuals may adopt | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. | ||
Faroe Islands (constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark) |
Legal since 1933[3] | (Denmark responsible for defence) | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | [39] | |||
Finland | Legal since 1971 | Registered partnership since 2002[40] | (Pending)[41] | / Step-child adoption; (Joint adoption pending) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilization[42] | |
Iceland | Legal since 1940 | Registered partnership from 1996 to 2010 | Legal since 2010 | Legal since 2006 | N/A | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | Documents can be amended to the recognised gender. |
Latvia | Legal since 1992[3] | Constitutionally banned since 2006 |
/ An unmarried person may adopt child alone. Adoption by multiple persons that are not married banned. | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] | Documents are amended accordingly, no medical intervention required.[43] | ||
Lithuania | Legal since 1993 | Constitutionally banned since 1992 |
Only married couples can adopt | Bans all anti-gay discrimination / There is a law which can be, and actually was, interpreted as a ban on public speech about LGBT | Gender change legal since 2003.[44] | ||
Norway | Legal since 1972[3] | Registered partnership from 1993 to 2008 | Legal since 2009 | Legal since 2009 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[45] | All documents can be amended to the recognised gender. | |
Sweden | Legal since 1944 | Registered partnership from 1995 to 2009 | Legal since 2009 | Legal since 2003 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] |
Southern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Same-sex civil union | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Legal since 1995[3] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.
Gender change not legal.[6] | ||||
Andorra | Legal since 1791 (as part of France) |
Stable union since 2005[46]; Civil union pending.[47] | (Pending)[48] | N/A | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change not legal | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Legal since 1998[3] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] | |||||
Bulgaria | Legal since 1968 | Constitutionally banned since 1991. | / Single gay persons may adopt. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | (Requires sterilization for change) | ||
Cyprus | Legal since 1998[3] | (Proposed)[49] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. | |||
Gibraltar (overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1993 | Civil partnership since 2014[50] | Legal since 2013 | UK responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | Gender change not legal | |
Greece | Legal since 1951 (Age of consent discrepancy) |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination | (Requires sterilization for change) | ||||
Italy | Legal since 1890 | (Pending)[51][52][53] | (Pending)[54][55][56] | / Gay individuals may adopt; | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | Since 1982 legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[57] | |
Macedonia | Legal since 1996[3] | (Constitutional ban pending) | (Constitutional ban proposed)[58] | ||||
Malta | Legal since 1973 | Civil union since 2014[59] | / Marriage celebrated abroad recognized since 2014[60] | Legal since 2014 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | All documents can be amended to the recognised gender. | |
Montenegro | Legal since 1977[3] | Constitutionally banned since 2007. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | (Requires sterilization for change).[6] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. | |||
Portugal | Legal since 1983. | Legal since 2010 | / Single gay persons may adopt. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination. | Since 2011, All documents can be amended to the recognised gender. | ||
San Marino | Legal since 2001 | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | Gender change not legal.[6] | ||||
Serbia | Legal since 1994[3] | Constitutionally banned since 2006. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change is legal (since 2007). | |||
Spain | Legal since 1979[3] | / No national wide civil union laws.
Starting from 1997, different cities and regions have legislated their own version of same-sex or gender-neutral civil union laws.[61] |
Legal since 2005 | Legal since 2005 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[62] | |
Turkey | Legal since 1858 | (Requires sterilization for change) | |||||
Vatican City | Legal since 1890 (Laws in Italy could still be enforced to Vatican City at that time until 1929.) | N/A |
Western Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Same-sex civil union | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | Legal since 1795[3] (as part of France) (Illegal from 1940-1944/1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich and under annexation of Nazi Germany) |
Statutory cohabitation since 2000[63] | Legal since 2003 | Legal since 2006 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | The 2007 law concerning transsexuality[64] grants the right to a legal name and gender change (Requires hormone treatment for name change and sterilization for gender change) | |
France | Legal since 1791[3] (Illegal in Alsace-Lorraine from 1871–1918 and 1940-1944/1945 under annexation of Imperial and Nazi Germany and illegal in Nord and Pas-de-Calais from 1944-1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich) |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[65] | Legal since 2013 | Legal since 2013 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | (Requires sterilization for change) | |
Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1983[66][67] | (Proposed) | (Proposed) | (Proposed) | UK responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[68] | 2004 anti-discrimination law. Legal gender change since 2007: Case law only. Only allows a new birth certificate to be issued. Does not amend or remove records of existing birth certificates, extension to Alderney and Sark unclear, does extend to Herm.[68][69] |
Ireland | Legal since 1993 | Civil partnership since 2011[70] | Pending a referendum scheduled for May 2015 | / Single gay persons may adopt. Step Child adoption under consideration. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[71][72][73] | Legislation to recognise gender identity pending after High Court ruling in favour. | |
Isle of Man (Crown dependencies of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1992[3] | Civil partnership since 2011[74] | Legal since 2011 | UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | Transsexual persons are allowed to change their legal gender and to have their new gender recognised as a result of the Gender Recognition Act 2009 (c.11).[75][76] | |
Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1990[3] | Civil partnership since 2012[77] | (Proposed)[78] | Legal since 2012 | UK responsible for defence | Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010[79] | |
Luxembourg | Legal since 1795 (as part of France) (Illegal from 1940-1944/1945 under annexation of Nazi Germany) |
Registered Partnership since 2004[80] | Legal from 2015 | Legal from 2015 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[81] | (Requires sterilization for change) [6] | |
Monaco | Legal since 1793 (as part of France) | France responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[82] | ||||
Netherlands | Legal since 1811 (as part of France) (Illegal from 1940-1944/1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Niederlande) |
Registered partnership since 1998 | Legal since 2001. | Legal since 2001 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||
United Kingdom | Male: Legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981 and in Northern Ireland since 1982 Female: No criminal laws have ever existed against lesbian sex. Officially legalised in 2001 |
Civil partnership since 2005[83] | Legal in England and Wales, and Scotland since 2014 Illegal in Northern Ireland |
Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[84][3] | Gender Recognition Act 2004 |
Partially or unrecognised states
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Same-sex civil union | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhazia | Legal after 1991, but the exact year is not known. | ||||||
Kosovo | Legal since 1994 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[85] | |||||
Nagorno-Karabakh | Legal since 2000 | ||||||
Northern Cyprus | Legal since 2014[86][87] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[86][87] | Discrimination or hate speech banned since 2014.[86][87] | ||||
South Ossetia | Legal after 1991, but the exact year is not known. | ||||||
Transnistria | Legal since 2002 | (Proposed)[88] |
References
- ^ Perspective: what has the EU done for LGBT rights?, Café Babel, 17 May 2010
- ^ What is the current legal situation in the EU?, ILGA Europe
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults" (PDF). The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ^ Template:De icon Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Eingetragene Partnerschaft-Gesetz
- ^ Template:De icon Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Änderung
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Map shows how Europe forces trans people to be sterilized
- ^ Template:Hr icon Zakon o životnom partnerstvu osoba istog spola
- ^ Template:Hr icon "Zakon o suzbijanju diskriminacije". Narodne-novine.nn.hr. 21 July 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Rainbow Europe Country Index
- ^ Template:Hr icon"Pravilnik o načinu prikupljanja medicinske dokumentacije te utvrđivanja uvjeta i pretpostavki za promjenu spola i drugom rodnom identitetu". Narodne-novine.nn.hr. 15 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ Template:Cs icon 115/2006 Sb. o registrovaném partnerství a o změně některých souvisejících zákonů
- ^ Template:De icon Gesetz über die Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft
- ^ Template:De icon Gesetz zur Einführung des Rechts auf Eheschließung für Personen gleichen Geschlechts
- ^ Template:De icon Gesetz über die Änderung der Vornamen und die Feststellung der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit in besonderen Fällen
- ^ Template:Hu icon 2009. évi XXIX. törvény a bejegyzett élettársi kapcsolatról, az ezzel összefüggő, valamint az élettársi viszony igazolásának megkönnyítéséhez szükséges egyes törvények módosításáról
- ^ Template:De icon Gesetz über die eingetragene Partnerschaft gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare (Partnerschaftsgesetz; PartG)
- ^ Template:Pl icon Projekt ustawy o związkach partnerskich
- ^ Template:Pl icon Przepisy wprowadzające ustawę o związkach partnerskich
- ^ Template:Pl icon Projekt ustawy o związkach partnerskich
- ^ Template:Pl icon Przepisy wprowadzające ustawę o związkach partnerskich
- ^ Template:Pl icon PO ma projekt dot. związków partnerskich. "Względnie konserwatywny"
- ^ The Constitution of the Republic of Poland
- ^ see for example: T. Smyczynski, Prawo rodzinne i opiekuńcze, C.H. Beck 2005
- ^ http://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/nrsr-droba-registrovane-partnerstva/103830-clanok.html
- ^ Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU Member States Part II: The Social Situation
- ^ Law change criminalises homophobia
- ^ Template:Sl icon 2840. Zakon o registraciji istospolne partnerske skupnosti
- ^ "Confronting Homophobia in Europe" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-10-10.
- ^ Template:De icon Bundesgesetz über die eingetragene Partnerschaft gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare
- ^ Template:De icon 13.468 – Parlamentarische Initiative - Ehe für alle
- ^ Switzerland: a law will open some adoption rights to homosexuals, dot429.com, Retrieved 29 March 2014
- ^ Template:Fr icon Avis de droit OFEC: Transsexualisme, Federal Department of Justice and Police, retrieved on 9 May 2013
- ^ "Armenia: Gays live with threats of violence, abuse". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "Belarus: Attitude towards homosexuals and lesbians in Belarus; state protection available to non-heterosexuals in Belarus with special attention to Minsk (2000-2005)". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 17 January 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
- ^ Comment: With all eyes on anti-gay Russia, there are three countries with a shocking need for coverage
- ^ LAW OF GEORGIA ON THE ELIMINATION OF All FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
- ^ Denmark changes sex change laws
- ^ Template:Et icon "Kooseluseadus". Riigikogu. 9 October 2014.
- ^ http://www.information.dk/476162
- ^ Template:Sv icon Lag om registrerat partnerskap
- ^ Template:Sv icon Medborgarinitiativ till riksdagen med förslag till lagar om ändring av äktenskapslagen, lagen om registrerat partnerskap och lagen om fastställande av transsexuella personers könstillhörighet (MI 3/2013 rd)
- ^ Template:Fi icon Ihmisoikeudet kuuluvat myös transsukupuolisille
- ^ Template:Lv icon Cik viegli pārvērsties no Ievas par Ādamu?
- ^ Template:Lt icon Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinis kodeksas (Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania
- ^ Template:No icon "Norwegian Penal code, Straffeloven, section 135a". Lovdata.
{{cite web}}
: soft hyphen character in|title=
at position 35 (help) - ^ Template:Ca icon Llei 4/2005, del 21 de febrer, qualificada de les unions estables de parella
- ^ Template:Ca icon Proposició de llei qualificada de les unions civils i de modificació de la Llei qualificada del matrimoni de 30 de juny de 1995 i de la Llei 14/2004, de 3 de novembre, qualificada de modificació de la Llei qualificada de matrimoni
- ^ Enllestida la llei d’unions civils amb el procés d’adopció dels matrimonis
- ^ "Δημόσια Διαβούλευση Ο περί Συμφώνου Συμβίωσης Νόμος του 2014". Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών (in Greek). Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT 2014
- ^ Template:It icon Atto Senato n. 239
- ^ Template:It icon Atto Senato n. 314
- ^ Template:It icon Atto Senato n. 1211
- ^ Template:It icon Atto Senato n. 15
- ^ Template:It icon Atto Senato n. 204
- ^ Template:It icon Atto Senato n. 393
- ^ Template:It icon "Legge 14 Aprile 1982, n. 164 (GU n. 106 del 19/04/1982) Norme in Materia di Rettificazione di Attribuzione di Sesso". Archived from the original on 23 May 2007.
- ^ "Macedonia Moves to Rule Out Same-Sex Marriage". Balkan Insight. 1 July 2014.
- ^ AN ACT to regulate civil unions and to provide for matters connected therewith or ancillary thereto
- ^ AN ACT to regulate civil unions and to provide for matters connected therewith or ancillary thereto
- ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_union_legislation
- ^ Template:Es icon Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas
- ^ Template:De icon Gesetz zur Einführung des gesetzlichen Zusammenwohnens
- ^ Template:Fr icon Template:Nl icon Loi du 10 mai 2007 relative à la transsexualité/Wet van 10 mei 2007 betreffende de transseksualiteit
- ^ Template:Fr icon Loi n° 99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité
- ^ Sexual Offences (Bailiwick of Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2011
- ^ Homosexual Offenses and Human Rights in Guernsey
- ^ a b "The Prevention of Discrimination (Enabling Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2004". Guernsey Legal Resources. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ In the case of X 2007
- ^ Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010
- ^ "Employment Equality Act, 1998". Irishstatutebook.ie. 18 June 1998. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ "Equal Status Act, 2000". Irishstatutebook.ie. 26 April 2000. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ Prohibition of Incitement To Hatred Act, 1989 - Irish Statute Book
- ^ Civil Partnership Act 2011
- ^ GENDER RECOGNITION ACT 2009
- ^ Gender recognition bill to provide protection to Isle of Man trans residents
- ^ Civil Partnership (Jersey) Law 2012
- ^ Equal Marriage and Partnership Options Paper Report
- ^ GENDER RECOGNITION (JERSEY) LAW 2010
- ^ Template:Fr icon Loi du 9 juillet 2004 relative aux effets légaux de certains partenariats
- ^ {fr icon}} Mémorial A n° 207 de 2006
- ^ http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2013.pdf
- ^ Civil Partnership Act 2004
- ^ Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)
- ^ "Constitution of Kosovo; discrimination".
- ^ a b c Northern Cyprus Decriminalizes Homosexuality and Protects LGBTs Against Hate Speech
- ^ a b c Template:Tr icon Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın “Eşcinsellik Suçu” Yasası Tarihe Karıştı!
- ^ http://tiras.ru/v-mire/34836-v-pridnestrove-kak-i-v-moldove-zaschityat-prava-geev-i-lesbiyanok.html