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Arsenal F.C.

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This article is about the men's football club based in England. For the women's team, see Arsenal W.F.C. For other teams called Arsenal, see Arsenal (disambiguation) § Association football.

Arsenal
Full nameThe Arsenal Football Club[1][2]
Nickname(s)The Gunners[3]
The Arsenal
Short nameArsenal[4]
FoundedOctober 1886; 138 years ago (1886-10) as Dial Square[5]
GroundEmirates Stadium
Capacity60,704[6]
OwnerKroenke Sports & Entertainment
ManagerMikel Arteta
LeaguePremier League
2023–24Premier League, 2nd of 20
Websitehttps://www.arsenal.com
Current season
Departments of Arsenal
Men's Football Women's Football
Men's Academy Women's Academy

Arsenal Football Club (also simply known as Arsenal)[4] is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England. Arsenal plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 16 FA Community Shields, one European Cup Winners' Cup, and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football.

Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division,[7] and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history.[8] In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.[9] Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for 19 straight seasons.[10]

Herbert Chapman, who changed the fortunes of Arsenal forever, won the club its first silverware, and his legacy led the club to dominate the 1930s decade; Chapman, however, died of pneumonia in 1934, aged 55. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers;[11] he also added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's jersey.[12] Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004,[13] receiving the nickname The Invincibles.

In 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, after the destruction of their South London stadium by suffragettes, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. With an annual revenue of £340.3m in the 2019–20 season,[14] Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2.68 billion by Forbes, making it the world's eighth most valuable club,[15] while it is one of the most followed on social media.[16] The motto of the club has long been Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for "Victory Through Harmony".

History

Further information: History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966), History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present), and Arsenal Football Club Museum

1886–1919: from Dial Square to Arsenal

Royal Arsenal squad in 1888. Original captain David Danskin sits on the right of the bench.

In October 1886, Scotsman David Danskin and fifteen fellow munitions workers in Woolwich formed Dial Square Football Club, named after a workshop at the heart of the Royal Arsenal complex. Each member contributed sixpence and Danskin also added three shillings to help form the club.[5][a] Dial Square played their first match on 11 December 1886 against Eastern Wanderers and won 6–0.[20] The club renamed to Royal Arsenal a month later,[19][21] and its first home was Plumstead Common,[19] though they spent most of their time playing at the Manor Ground. Their first trophies were the Kent Senior Cup and London Charity Cup in 1889–90 and the London Senior Cup in 1890–91; these were the only county association trophies Arsenal won during their time in South East London.[22][23] In 1891, Royal Arsenal became the first London club to turn professional.[24]

Royal Arsenal renamed for a second time upon becoming a limited liability company in 1893. They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with The Football League when the club ascended later that year.[25][26]: 5–21  Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of The Football League, starting out in the Second Division and reaching the First Division in 1904. Falling attendances, due to financial difficulties among the munitions workers and the arrival of more accessible football clubs elsewhere in the city, led the club close to bankruptcy by 1910.[27][26]: 112–149  Businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall became involved in the club, and sought to move them elsewhere.[28][26]: 22–42 

In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, the grandstand of Woolwich Arsenal's Plumstead stadium was burnt down by the suffragettes, as part of their nationwide bombing and arson campaign for women's suffrage.[29][30] The attack cost £1,000 in damages (equivalent to £124,442 in 2023), and so the same year the club moved across the river to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury.[29][31][32] In 1919, The Football League controversially voted to promote The Arsenal, instead of relegated local rivals Tottenham Hotspur, into the newly enlarged First Division, despite only finishing fifth in the Second Division's last pre-war season of 1914–15. Later that year, The Arsenal started dropping "The" in official documents, gradually shifting its name for the final time towards Arsenal, as it is generally known today.[33]

1919–1953: Bank of England club

A bronze bust of Herbert Chapman stands inside the Emirates Stadium

With a new home and First Division football, attendances were more than double those at the Manor Ground, and Arsenal's budget grew rapidly.[34][35] Their location and record-breaking salary offer lured star Huddersfield Town manager Herbert Chapman in 1925.[36][37] Over the next five years, Chapman built a new Arsenal. He appointed an enduring new trainer Tom Whittaker,[38] implemented Charlie Buchan's new twist on the nascent WM formation,[39][40] captured young players like Cliff Bastin and Eddie Hapgood, and lavished Highbury's income on stars like David Jack and Alex James. With record-breaking spending and gate receipts, Arsenal quickly became known as the Bank of England club.[41][42]

Transformed, Chapman's Arsenal claimed their first national trophy, the FA Cup in 1930, and League Championships followed in 1930–31 and 1932–33.[43] Chapman also presided over off the pitch changes: white sleeves and shirt numbers were added to the kit;[b] a Tube station was named after the club;[47][48] and the first of two opulent, Art Deco stands was completed, with some of the first floodlights in English football.[35] Suddenly, in the middle of the 1933–34 season, Chapman died of pneumonia.[49] His work was left to Joe Shaw and George Allison, who saw out a hat-trick with the 1933–34 and 1934–35 titles, and then won the 1936 FA Cup and 1937–38 title.

World War II meant The Football League was suspended for seven years, but Arsenal returned to win it in the second post-war season, 1947–48. This was Tom Whittaker's first season as manager, after his promotion to succeed Allison, and the club had equalled the champions of England record. They won a third FA Cup in 1950, and then won a record-breaking seventh championship in 1952–53.[50] However, the war had taken its toll on Arsenal. The club had had more players killed than any top flight club,[51] and debt from reconstructing the North Bank Stand bled Arsenal's resources.[52][35]

1953–1986: Mediocrity, Mee and Neill

Alan Ball (left) and Bertie Mee (who led Arsenal to their first double in 1971), pictured in 1972

Arsenal were not to win the League or the FA Cup for another 18 years. The '53 Champions squad had aged, and the club failed to attract strong enough replacements.[53] Although Arsenal were competitive during these years, their fortunes had waned; the club spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in mid-table mediocrity.[54] Even former England captain Billy Wright could not bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966.[55]

Arsenal tentatively appointed club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as acting manager in 1966.[56][57] With new assistant Don Howe and new players such as Bob McNab and George Graham, Mee led Arsenal to their first League Cup finals, in 1967–68 and 1968–69. Next season saw a breakthrough, with Arsenal's first competitive European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. The season after, Arsenal achieved an even greater triumph with their first League and FA Cup double, and a new champions of England record.[58] This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the rest of the decade was characterised by a series of near misses, with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.[57]

Former player Terry Neill succeeded Mee in 1976. At the age of 34, he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date.[59] With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side like Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club reached a trio of FA Cup finals (1978 FA Cup, 1979 FA Cup and 1980 FA Cup), and lost the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only trophy during this time was the 1979 FA Cup, achieved with a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United, in a final is widely regarded as a classic.[60][61]

1986–1996: George Graham

Tony Adams statue outside the Emirates Stadium

One of Mee's double winners, George Graham, returned as manager in 1986, with Arsenal winning their first League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. New signings Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon and Steve Bould had joined the club by 1988 to complete the "famous Back Four", led by homegrown player Tony Adams.[62] They immediately won the 1988 Football League Centenary Trophy, and followed it with the 1988–89 Football League title, snatched with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool.[63] Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995.[64][65] His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.[66]

1996–2018: Wenger years

After completing the only unbeaten Premier League season, a unique gold trophy was commissioned to Arsenal

The club metamorphosed during the tenure of French manager Arsène Wenger, who was appointed in 1996. Attacking football,[67] an overhaul of dietary and fitness practices,[c] and efficiency with money[d] have defined his reign. Accumulating key players from Wenger's homeland, such as Patrick Vieira and Thierry Henry, Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cup finals, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles".[76] This feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.[77]

Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first nine seasons at the club, although they never won the title in two consecutive seasons.[78] The club had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London to reach the final in the competition's fifty-year history, but were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.[79] In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.[80] Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until, spearheaded by club record acquisition Mesut Özil, Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2.[81] A year later, Arsenal completed another victorious FA Cup campaign,[82] and became the most successful club in the tournament's history by winning their 13th FA Cup in 2016–17. However, in that same season, Arsenal finished fifth in the league, the first time they had finished outside the top four since before Wenger arrived in 1996.[83] After another unspectacular league season the following year, Wenger departed Arsenal on 13 May 2018.[84]

Since 2018: Post-Wenger era

After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's departure, Basque-Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018. He became the club's first ever 'head coach' and second manager from outside the United Kingdom.[85][86] In Emery's first season, Arsenal finished fifth in the Premier League and as runner-up in the Europa League.[87][88] On 29 November 2019, Emery was sacked and former player and assistant first team coach Freddie Ljungberg was appointed as interim head coach.[89][90][91]

On 20 December 2019, Arsenal appointed former club captain Mikel Arteta as the new head coach.[92][93] Arsenal finished the league season in eighth, their lowest finish since 1994–95, but beat Chelsea 2–1 to earn a record-extending 14th FA Cup win.[94] After the season, Arteta's title was changed from head coach to manager.[95] On 18 April 2021, Arsenal were announced as a founding club of the breakaway European competition The Super League;[96] they withdrew from the competition two days later amid near-universal condemnation.[97] Arsenal finished the season in eighth place once again, not qualifying for a European competition for the first time in 26 years.[98]

Crest

Crests of Arsenal F.C.
  • First badge adopted by Royal Arsenal F.C.
    First badge adopted by Royal Arsenal F.C.
  • First crest from 1888
    First crest from 1888
  • 'Monogram' badge used in the 1930 FA Cup Final
    'Monogram' badge used in the 1930 FA Cup Final
  • 'Art Deco' badge
    'Art Deco' badge
  • Cannon featured on shirt from 1960s to 1980s
    Cannon featured on shirt from 1960s to 1980s
  • Crest from 1949 to 2002
    Crest from 1949 to 2002
  • Crest since 2003
    Crest since 2003
  • Arsenal F.C. 125th anniversary crest, created for the 2011–12 season
    Arsenal F.C. 125th anniversary crest, created for the 2011–12 season

Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannons.[99] This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.[99]

In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter typography, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit – "victory comes from harmony" – coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer.[99] For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it. Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,[100] Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.[101] The cannon once again faces east and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.[102] Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in red on a white background.[103]

The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.[104] From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.[103]

In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.[105]

Colours

Dark red shirt, white shorts, socks with blue and white stripes
Arsenal's original home colours. The team wore a similar kit (but with redcurrant socks) during the 2005–06 season.
White sleeves first appeared on the shirt in 1933.
Yellow shirt, blue shorts, socks blue
Yellow shirt with blue trim and blue shorts are Arsenal's traditional away colours.
Two tone blue kit
Since the 1990s, Blue has been prominently used for either the away or third kit.

For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball.[106] The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.[107][108] In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf.[109] Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts;[108] this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season.[109] In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe.[108]

Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time;[109] in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip.[110] In 1941, Luis Robledo, an England-schooled founder of Santa Fe and a fan of Arsenal, selected the main colors for his newly created team. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.[111] These teams still wear those designs to this day.

For many years Arsenal's away colours were white or navy blue. However, in 1968 the FA banned navy shirts (they looked too similar to referees' black kit) so in the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. The yellow and blue strip became almost as famous as their iconic red and white home kit.[112][113] Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip,[112] which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.

When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013.[114] Until 2014, the away kit was changed every season, and the outgoing away kit became the third-choice kit if a new home kit was being introduced in the same year.[115]

Since Puma began manufacturing Arsenal's kits in 2014, new home, away and third kits were released every single season. In the 2017–18 season, Puma released a new color scheme for the away and third kits. The away kit was a light blue, which fades to a darker blue near the bottom, while the third kit was black with red highlight. Puma returned to the original color scheme for the 2018–19 season.[116]

From the 2019–20 season Arsenal's kits are manufactured by Adidas.[117] In the 2020–21 season, Adidas unveiled the new away kit to mark the 15-year anniversary since leaving Highbury. The new away kit is white, with a marbled pattern all across to replicate the iconic marble hall in the East stand of Highbury.[118]

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

Arsenal kits[119]
Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor (chest) Shirt sponsor (sleeve)
1886–1930 Unidentified None None
1930–1970 Bukta
1971–1981 Umbro
1981–1986 JVC
1986–1994 Adidas
1994–1999 Nike
1999–2002 Dreamcast
Sega
2002–2006 O2
2006–2014 Fly Emirates[120]
2014–2018 Puma
2018–2019 Visit Rwanda[121]
2019–present Adidas[122]

Stadiums

Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. Everton F.C.

Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on Plumstead Common, then at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, then spent three years between 1890 and 1893 at the nearby Invicta Ground. Upon joining the Football League in 1893, the club returned to the Manor Ground and installed stands and terracing, upgrading it from just a field. Arsenal continued to play their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the 1894–95 season), until the move to north London in 1913.[123][124]

Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.[35] The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.[35]

Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators.[125] This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.[126]

A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.
The North Bank Stand, Arsenal Stadium, Highbury

Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties.[35] These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time.[127] After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury.[128] The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs,[129] and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season.[130] The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million.[131] Some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names.[132] The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until at least 2024.[133][134] From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.[135]

Arsenal's players train at the Shenley Training Centre in Hertfordshire, a purpose-built facility which opened in 1999.[136] Before that the club used facilities on a nearby site owned by the University College of London Students' Union. Until 1961 they had trained at Highbury.[137] Arsenal's Academy under-18 teams play their home matches at Shenley, while the reserves play their games at Meadow Park,[138] which is also the home of Boreham Wood F.C. Both the Academy under-18 & the reserves occasionally play their big games at the Emirates in front of a crowd reduced to only the lower west stand.[139][140]

A panorama of the Emirates Stadium before a match

Supporters and rivalries

Further information: Arsenal F.C. supporters
Arsenal supporters

Arsenal's fanbase are referred to as "Gooners" – the name derived from the club's nickname "The Gunners". Virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity),[141] and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.[142] Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke.[143][144][145][146] The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes. Much of the Afro-Caribbean support comes from the neighbouring London Borough of Hackney and a large portion of the South Asian Arsenal supporters commute to the stadium from Wembley Park, North West of the capital. There was also traditionally a large Irish community that followed Arsenal, with the nearby Archway area having a particularly large community, but Irish migration to North London is much lower than in the 1960s or 1970s.

Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!. In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters clubs were affiliated with the club.[147] A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million.[148] The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.[149]

Rivalries

Main articles: North London derby, Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry, and Arsenal F.C.–Chelsea F.C. rivalry
Arsenal playing against rivals Tottenham, in a game known as the North London derby, in November 2010

Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as the North London derby.[150] Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in the early 2000s when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title.[151][152][153]

Mascot

The club mascot is Gunnersaurus Rex, a smiling, 7-foot-tall green dinosaur, who first appeared at a home match against Manchester City in August 1994 (or 1993). He is based on a drawing by then 11-year-old Peter Lovell, whose design and another similar idea won a Junior Gunners contest; his official back story is that he hatched from an egg found during renovations at Highbury.[154][155][156][157][158][159]

The same person, Jerry Quy, has been inside the suit from the start; in early October 2020, as part of cost-cutting brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the club made him redundant from that and his other part-time job in supporter liaison, together with 55 full-time employees, although they later said Gunnersaurus could return after spectators were allowed back in stadiums.[158][160][161] An online fundraiser was begun for Quy,[161] and Mesut Özil offered to pay his salary himself as long as he remains with Arsenal.[162][163] In November 2020, in advance of COVID-19 regulations being relaxed to allow supporters to attend home games from 3 December, Arsenal announced that Gunnersaurus would return, to be played by a roster of people that could include Quy if he wished.[164][165]

Ownership and finances

Further information: Ownership of Arsenal F.C.

The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke.[166] Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007,[167] and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares from David Dein in August 2007.[168] Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016.[169] Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%).[170][171] In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%.[172][173] In May 2017, Kroenke owned 41,721 shares (67.05%) and Red & White Securities owned 18,695 shares (30.04%).[166] In January 2018, Kroenke expanded his ownership by buying twenty-two more shares, taking his total ownership to 67.09%.[174] In August 2018, Kroenke bought out Usmanov for £550m. Now owning more than 90% of the shares, he had the required stake to complete the buyout of the remaining shares and become the sole owner.[175] There has been criticism of Arsenal's poor performance since Kroenke took over, which has been attributed to his ownership.[176] Ivan Gazidis was the club's Chief executive from 2009 to 2018.[166][177]

Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,219 shares in Arsenal have been issued,[166] and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 29 May 2017, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £18,000, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £1,119.9m.[178] Most football clubs are not listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult. Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand.[179] Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $2.238 billion (£1.69 billion) in 2018, ranked third in English football.[180] Research by the Henley Business School ranked Arsenal second in English football, modelling the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015.[181][182]

Arsenal's financial results for the 2019–20 season showed an after tax loss of £47.8m, due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.[183] The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenises and compares clubs' annual revenue. Deloitte put Arsenal's footballing revenue in 2019 at £392.7m (€445.6m),[184] ranking Arsenal eleventh among world football clubs.[149] Arsenal and Deloitte both listed the match day revenue generated in 2019 by the Emirates Stadium as €109.2m (£96.2m).[184]

Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.[185][186] A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.[185][187] Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964.[185][188] Sky's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.[185][189]

As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related novels, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939), which was made into a film in the same year.[190] The story centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves in the film and manager George Allison was given a speaking part.[191] The book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s.[192] The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox.[193]

Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s.[194][195] In the 1997 film The Full Monty the principal characters move forward in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.[191] Fifteen years later an almost identical scene was included in the 2012 Disney science-fiction film John Carter (director and co-writer Andrew Stanton, a notable overseas supporter of the club), along with other visual cues and oblique dialogue hints and references to the club throughout the film.[196] Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.[191]

In August 2022, Amazon Prime Video will release an eight-episode docuseries called All or Nothing: Arsenal.[197][198] It documented the club by spending time with the coaching staff and players behind the scenes both on and off the field throughout their 2021–22 season, in which they were the youngest team in the Premier League with an average starting age of 24 years and 308 days – more than a whole year younger than the next team.[199][200]

In the community

In 1985, Arsenal founded a community scheme, "Arsenal in the Community", which offered sporting, social inclusion, educational and charitable projects. The club support a number of charitable causes directly and in 1992 established The Arsenal Charitable Trust, which by 2006 had raised more than £2 million for local causes.[201] An ex-professional and celebrity football team associated with the club also raised money by playing charity matches.[202] The club launched the Arsenal for Everyone initiative in 2008 as an annual celebration of the diversity of the Arsenal family.[203] In the 2009–10 season Arsenal announced that they had raised a record breaking £818,897 for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. The original target was £500,000.[204]

Save the Children has been Arsenal global charity partner since 2011 and have worked together in numerous projects to improve safety and well-being for vulnerable children in London and abroad. On 3 September 2016 The Arsenal Foundation has donated £1m to build football pitches for children in London, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan and Somalia thanks to The Arsenal Foundation Legends Match against Milan Glorie at the Emirates Stadium.[205] On 3 June 2018, Arsenal played Real Madrid in the Corazon Classic Match 2018 at the Bernabeu, where the proceeds went to Realtoo Real Madrid Foundation projects that are aimed at the most vulnerable children. In addition there will be a return meeting on 8 September 2018 at the Emirates stadium where proceeds will go towards the Arsenal foundation.[206]

Statistics and records

Further information: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics
Thierry Henry is Arsenal's record goalscorer, with 228 goals in all competitions.[207]

Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (19),[208] and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship. As of June 2020, they are one of seven teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City, Leicester City and Liverpool, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.[209]

They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 14.[210] The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015.[211] Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999).[78][212] They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993.[213] Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.[214]

Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times. They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and have also accumulated the second most points,[8] whether calculated by two points per win[8] or by the contemporary points value.[215] They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (95 as of 2020–21).[7][216][217] Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8.5.[9]

Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003 and October 2004).[77] This included all 38 matches of their title-winning 2003–04 season, when Arsenal became only the second club to finish a top-flight campaign unbeaten, after Preston North End (who played only 22 matches) in 1888–89.[76][13] They also hold the record for the longest top flight win streak.[218] Arsenal set a Champions League record during the 2005–06 season by going ten matches without conceding a goal, beating the previous best of seven set by A.C. Milan. They went a record total stretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score; the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona.[79]

David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993. Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second, having played 669 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564 appearances.[219] Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2012,[207] having surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005.[220] Wright's record had stood since September 1997, when he overtook the longstanding total of 178 goals set by winger Cliff Bastin in 1939.[221] Henry also holds the club record for goals scored in the League, with 175,[207] a record that had been held by Bastin until February 2006.[222]

Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match against RC Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley Stadium, where the club formerly played home European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity. The record attendance for an Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935,[219] while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007.[223]

Chart showing Arsenal's league positions since admission to The Football League in 1893

Players

For a list of every Arsenal player with 100 or more appearances and every Arsenal captain, see List of Arsenal F.C. players.
For record appearance and goalscorer statistics, see Arsenal F.C. records § Player records.

First-team squad

As of 2 July 2022[224]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Germany GER Bernd Leno
2 DF Spain ESP Héctor Bellerín
3 DF Scotland SCO Kieran Tierney (vice-captain)
4 DF England ENG Benjamin White
5 MF Ghana GHA Thomas Partey
6 DF Brazil BRA Gabriel Magalhães
7 MF England ENG Bukayo Saka
8 MF Norway NOR Martin Ødegaard (3rd captain)
9 FW Brazil BRA Gabriel Jesus
10 MF England ENG Emile Smith Rowe
11 FW Brazil BRA Gabriel Martinelli
13 GK Iceland ISL Rúnar Alex Rúnarsson
14 FW England ENG Eddie Nketiah
15 MF England ENG Ainsley Maitland-Niles
16 DF England ENG Rob Holding (4th captain)
17 DF Portugal POR Cédric Soares
No. Pos. Nation Player
18 DF Japan JPN Takehiro Tomiyasu
19 FW Ivory Coast CIV Nicolas Pépé
20 DF Portugal POR Nuno Tavares
21 MF Portugal POR Fábio Vieira
22 DF Spain ESP Pablo Marí
23 MF Belgium BEL Albert Sambi Lokonga
24 FW England ENG Reiss Nelson
25 MF Egypt EGY Mohamed Elneny
26 FW England ENG Folarin Balogun
27 FW Brazil BRA Marquinhos
30 GK United States USA Matt Turner
32 GK England ENG Aaron Ramsdale
33 GK England ENG Arthur Okonkwo
34 MF Switzerland SUI Granit Xhaka
— DF France FRA William Saliba
— MF Uruguay URU Lucas Torreira

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
43 DF England ENG Harry Clarke (at Stoke City until the end of the 2022–23 season)
53 FW England ENG Tyreece John-Jules (at Ipswich Town until the end of the 2022–23 season)
58 FW Denmark DEN Mika Biereth (at RKC Waalwijk until the end of the 2022–23 season)
No. Pos. Nation Player
62 FW Sweden SWE Nikolaj Möller (at FC Den Bosch until the end of the 2022–23 season)
66 DF Tunisia TUN Omar Rekik (at Sparta Rotterdam until the end of the 2022–23 season)
— DF United States USA Auston Trusty (at Colorado Rapids)

Under-23s

See also: Arsenal F.C. Under-23s and Academy
As of 23 June 2022[225]
Players to have featured in a first-team matchday squad for Arsenal

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
37 MF England ENG Ryan Alebiosu
38 MF England ENG Miguel Azeez
44 MF England ENG Ben Cottrell
49 GK Estonia EST Karl Hein
50 GK England ENG James Hillson
No. Pos. Nation Player
65 MF Netherlands NED Salah-Eddine Oulad M'hand
67 MF England ENG Matt Smith
69 MF England ENG Charlie Patino
75 DF England ENG Zach Awe
82 FW Jamaica JAM Omari Hutchinson

Management and staff

See also: List of Arsenal F.C. managers

Current staff

Arsène Wenger, the club's most successful manager, managed Arsenal from 1996 to 2018
Management and staff as of 28 January 2022[226]
Position Name
Manager Spain Mikel Arteta[227]
Assistant coaches England Steve Round[228]
Netherlands Albert Stuivenberg[228]
Spain Carlos Cuesta[229]
France Nicolas Jover[230]
Spain Miguel Molina[229]
Goalkeeping coach Spain Iñaki Caña Pavon[228]
Academy manager Germany Per Mertesacker[231]
Loan manager England Ben Knapper[232]
Head of performance United States Shad Forsythe[233]
Head of medical services Republic of Ireland Gary O'Driscoll[234]
Head physiotherapist England Jordan Reece[235]
Lead performance nutritionist England Laura Andrews[236]
Technical director Brazil Edu[237]
Director of football operations England Richard Garlick[238]
Chief executive officer England Vinai Venkatesham[239]
Chief commercial officer England Juliet Slot[240]

Arsenal board

Arsenal board as of 15 August 2020[241][242]
Position Name
Director England Lord Harris of Peckham[243]
Director United States Stan Kroenke[243]
Director United States Josh Kroenke[243]
Non-executive director England Tim Lewis[244]

Honours

Main article: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics § Honours and achievements
See also: Arsenal F.C. seasons and Arsenal F.C. Under-23s and Academy § Honours

Arsenal's first ever silverware was won as the Royal Arsenal in 1890. The Kent Junior Cup, won by Royal Arsenal's reserves, was the club's first trophy, while the first team's first trophy came three weeks later when they won the Kent Senior Cup.[245][246] Their first national senior honour came in 1930, when they won the FA Cup.[247] The club enjoyed further success in the 1930s, winning another FA Cup and five Football League First Division titles.[248][249] Arsenal won their first league and cup double in the 1970–71 season and twice repeated the feat, in 1997–98 and 2001–02, as well as winning a cup double of the FA Cup and League Cup in 1992–93.[250]

Seasons in bold are seasons when the club won a Double of the league and FA Cup, or of the FA Cup and League Cup. The 2003–04 season was the only 38-match league season unbeaten in English football history. A special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned and presented to the club the following season.[251]

As of 29 August 2020.[e]

Football League and Premier League

Winners (13): 1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04
Winners (2): 1986–87, 1992–93
Winners (1): 1988

The FA

Winners (14) (record): 1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20
Winners (16): 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991 (shared), 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020

UEFA

Main article: Arsenal F.C. in European football
Winners (1): 1993–94
Winners (1): 1969–70

County FAs

Main article: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics § County FAs

When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal, the other football association competitions were County Cups, and they made up many of the matches the club played during a season.[246] Arsenal's first first-team trophy was a County Cup, the inaugural Kent Senior Cup.[22] Arsenal became ineligible for the London Cups when the club turned professional in 1891, and rarely participated in County Cups after this.[24][261] Due to the club's original location within the borders of both the London and Kent Football Associations,[262] Arsenal competed in and won trophies organised by each.[22][261]

Other

Main article: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics § Other

During Arsenal's history, the club has participated in and won a variety of pre-season and friendly honours. These include Arsenal's own pre-season competition the Emirates Cup, begun in 2007.[263] During the wars, previous competitions were widely suspended and the club had to participate in wartime competitions. During WWII, Arsenal won several of these.

UEFA club coefficient ranking

In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions.[264] Club coefficients are used to rank individual clubs for seeding in the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, and since 2021, the UEFA Europa Conference League.

Coefficient ranking as of 2 October 2021[265]
Rank Team Points
12 Italy Roma 81.000
13 England Tottenham Hotspur 81.000
14 England Arsenal 80.000
15 Germany Borussia Dortmund 76.000
16 Portugal Porto 75.000

Arsenal Women

Further information: Arsenal W.F.C.

Arsenal Women is the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded as Arsenal Ladies F.C. in 1987 by Vic Akers, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and have been managed since 2021 by Jonas Eidevall; Akers holds the role of Honorary President of Arsenal Women.[266][267] As part of the festivities surrounding their 30th anniversary in 2017, the club announced that they were changing their formal name to Arsenal Women F.C., and would use "Arsenal" in all references except rare cases where there might be confusion with the men's side.[268]

Arsenal Women are the most successful team in English women's football having won a total of 58 trophies.[269] In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup,[270] and, as of 2017, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup or UEFA Women's Champions League, having won the Cup in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple.[271] The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Women are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Meadow Park in Borehamwood.[272]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Woolwich and Plumstead were officially part of Kent until the creation of the County of London in 1889. The Arsenal History provides primary sources on the name, first meeting, and first match.[17] Bernard Joy says Danskin was captain at founding.[18] Danskin was made official captain the next month.[19]
  2. ^ The new shirts are exhibited in The Arsenal Shirt.[44] Newspaper accounts of the addition of white sleeves are provided by Mark Andrews.[45] The contemporary discussion around the first use of shirt numbers, and its initial trial by Chelsea F.C., is provided by Neil Glackin.[46]
  3. ^ These changes have received contemporary attention,[68] and later praise[69] and skepticism.[70] For context of the broader use of science in English football, see Soccer Science.[71]
  4. ^ Several analyses indicate strong league performance across the Wenger period, given Arsenal's footballing outlays, including a regression analysis on wage bills,[72] regression on transfer spending,[73] regression on both,[74] and a bootstrapping approach for the period 2004–09.[75]
  5. ^ For a record of all matches participated in by Arsenal, see the AISA Arsenal History Society's line-ups database.[246] For corroboration, multiple other sources exist.[252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259]
  6. ^ Although not organised by UEFA, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup is officially recognized by FIFA as a major honor and UEFA took over the tournament in 1971 and reformed it into the UEFA Cup (UEFA Europa League since 2009). As the official precursor to the UEFA Europa League, it is included here under UEFA & Europe.

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Works cited

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