Carmes Prison: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Prison in France}} |
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{{Expand French|Prison des Carmes|date=February 2017}}{{more footnotes|date=February 2017}} |
{{Expand French|Prison des Carmes|date=February 2017}}{{more footnotes|date=February 2017}} |
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[[Image:CarmesConventDoorstep.jpg|thumb|200px|The steps of the couvent des Carmes.]] |
[[Image:CarmesConventDoorstep.jpg|thumb|200px|The steps of the couvent des Carmes.]] |
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[[Image:CarmesConventGarden.jpg|thumb|200px|The garden of the couvent des Carmes.]] |
[[Image:CarmesConventGarden.jpg|thumb|200px|The garden of the couvent des Carmes.]]{{merge to|Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes|date=September 2024|discuss=Talk:DESTINATIONPAGE#Merge proposal}} |
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The '''Carmes Prison''' (French - ''prison des Carmes'') was a prison of the [[French Revolution]]. It was set up in what had been the [[Carmes Seminary|Carmes Monastery]] in [[Paris]]. It formed a vast enclosure bounded by [[rue du Regard]], [[rue du Cherche-Midi]] and [[rue Cassette]] - it was also bordered to the south by [[rue de Vaugirard]]. It was the site of one of the [[September Massacres]] in 1792 and features in the 1927 film ''[[Napoléon (1927 film)|Napoléon]]''. |
The '''Carmes Prison''' (French - ''prison des Carmes'') was a prison of the [[French Revolution]]. It was set up in what had been the [[Carmes Seminary|Carmes Monastery]] in [[Paris]]. It formed a vast enclosure bounded by [[rue du Regard]], [[rue du Cherche-Midi]] and [[rue Cassette]] - it was also bordered to the south by [[rue de Vaugirard]]. It was the site of one of the [[September Massacres]] in 1792 and features in the 1927 film ''[[Napoléon (1927 film)|Napoléon]]''. |
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===History=== |
===History=== |
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[[File:Pierre-Louis de la Rochefoucauld Stained glass window Saint-Eutropius upper Basilica Saintes Charente-Maritime.jpg|thumb|right| |
[[File:Pierre-Louis de la Rochefoucauld Stained glass window Saint-Eutropius upper Basilica Saintes Charente-Maritime.jpg|thumb|right|{{ill|Pierre-Louis de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers|fr}}, bishop of Saintes, one of the three murdered prelates. Window signed by {{ill|Gustave Pierre Dagrant|fr}} in the [[Basilique Saint-Eutrope de Saintes]], Charente-Maritime.]] |
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The [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]] was adopted on 12 July 1790, setting up a new system for electing priests and bishops and allowing a death sentence against any priests who refused to comply. 126 of 130 bishops and 100,000 out of 130,000 priests refused to swear to it and so on 27 May 1792 a decree of the [[Legislative Assembly (France)|Legislative Assembly]] ordered them to be deported. |
The [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]] was adopted on 12 July 1790, setting up a new system for electing priests and bishops and allowing a death sentence against any priests who refused to comply. 126 of 130 bishops and 100,000 out of 130,000 priests refused to swear to it and so on 27 May 1792 a decree of the [[Legislative Assembly (France)|Legislative Assembly]] ordered them to be deported. |
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The monastery's household silver and library were seized and the community was forced to leave the monastery building, which was turned into a prison. 188 priests and three bishops were massacred in particularly violent conditions under commissioner [[Stanislas-Marie Maillard]], who executed orders from the surveillance committee.<ref>[http://www.sjdc.fr/?page_id=379 Église St Joseph des Carmes]</ref> At the [[Abbaye Prison]] the violence lasted until the end of the morning of 4 September, with 21 priests and 151 others killed out of a total of 29 priests and 209 other prisoners - at Carmes it only ended at 6pm, with 116 killed out of between 162 and 172 prisoners. All the monks who refused to take the oath before the tribunal at the prison were bayoneted or impaled on pikes on the threshold.<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1784/Bienheureux-Martyrs-des-Carmes.html Bienheureux Martyrs des Carmes]</ref> The massacre at Carmes lasted all night.<ref name="lacroix">{{Cite news|language= |
The monastery's household silver and library were seized and the community was forced to leave the monastery building, which was turned into a prison. 188 priests and three bishops were massacred in particularly violent conditions under commissioner [[Stanislas-Marie Maillard]], who executed orders from the surveillance committee.<ref>[http://www.sjdc.fr/?page_id=379 Église St Joseph des Carmes]</ref> At the [[Abbaye Prison]] the violence lasted until the end of the morning of 4 September, with 21 priests and 151 others killed out of a total of 29 priests and 209 other prisoners - at Carmes it only ended at 6pm, with 116 killed out of between 162 and 172 prisoners. All the monks who refused to take the oath before the tribunal at the prison were bayoneted or impaled on pikes on the threshold.<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1784/Bienheureux-Martyrs-des-Carmes.html Bienheureux Martyrs des Carmes]</ref> The massacre at Carmes lasted all night.<ref name="lacroix">{{Cite news|language=fr| |
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first=Clémence|last=Houdaille |title=Les martyrs de la Révolution|publisher=La Croix|work=La Croix|date=15–16 October 2016 |
first=Clémence|last=Houdaille |title=Les martyrs de la Révolution|publisher=La Croix|work=La Croix|date=15–16 October 2016 |number=40621|pages=16–17}}.</ref> |
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[[Jean Marie du Lau d'Allemans]] (archbishop of Arles), his vicar general [[Armand de Foucauld de Pontbriand]], {{ |
[[Jean Marie du Lau|Jean Marie du Lau d'Allemans]] (archbishop of Arles), his vicar general [[Armand de Foucauld de Pontbriand]], {{ill|François-Joseph de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers|fr}} (bishop of Beauvais) and his brother {{ill|Pierre-Louis de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers|fr}} (bishop of Saintes) were shut up in the monastery church and between 2 and 5 September all three of them were killed in the monastery garden along with the priests [[André Grasset]], [[Ambroise Chevreux]], {{ill|François-Louis Hébert|fr}} and [[Joseph-Marie Gros]]. |
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Parmi les prêtres, huit étaient membres de la [[municipalité locale (Québec)|municipalité de paroisse]] [[Canada|canadienne]] du [[Québec]] [[Saint-Sulpice (Québec)|Saint-Sulpice]]. Parmi ces huit, il y avait [[André Grasset de Saint-Sauveur, fils|André Grasset]], prêtre de l’[[Liste des archevêques de Sens|archevêché de Sens]], né au [[Canada]]. Il y avait également vingt-trois anciens [[Jésuites]] qui, ayant refusé la [[Constitution civile du clergé]], furent mis à mort au cours des [[massacres de Septembre]]. Trois Jésuites nous sont particulièrement connus : les [[Béatification|bienheureux]] [[Jacques Bonnaud]], vicaire général de [[Lyon]], [[Guillaume-Antoine Delfaud]], archiprêtre de [[Daglan]] ([[Dordogne (département)|Dordogne]]), et [[Alexandre Lanfant]], prédicateur de la Cour. |
Parmi les prêtres, huit étaient membres de la [[municipalité locale (Québec)|municipalité de paroisse]] [[Canada|canadienne]] du [[Québec]] [[Saint-Sulpice (Québec)|Saint-Sulpice]]. Parmi ces huit, il y avait [[André Grasset de Saint-Sauveur, fils|André Grasset]], prêtre de l’[[Liste des archevêques de Sens|archevêché de Sens]], né au [[Canada]]. Il y avait également vingt-trois anciens [[Jésuites]] qui, ayant refusé la [[Constitution civile du clergé]], furent mis à mort au cours des [[massacres de Septembre]]. Trois Jésuites nous sont particulièrement connus : les [[Béatification|bienheureux]] [[Jacques Bonnaud]], vicaire général de [[Lyon]], [[Guillaume-Antoine Delfaud]], archiprêtre de [[Daglan]] ([[Dordogne (département)|Dordogne]]), et [[Alexandre Lanfant]], prédicateur de la Cour. |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.jesuites.com/histoire/saints/jacquesbonnaud.htm Account of the Carmes massacre by abbé Berthelet de Barbot] |
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.jesuites.com/histoire/saints/jacquesbonnaud.htm Account of the Carmes massacre by abbé Berthelet de Barbot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222003527/http://jesuites.com/histoire/saints/jacquesbonnaud.htm |date=2009-02-22 }} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Carmes, Prison des}} |
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Latest revision as of 16:39, 2 September 2024
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (February 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2017) |
It has been suggested that this article be merged into Saint-Joseph-des-Carmes. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2024. |
The Carmes Prison (French - prison des Carmes) was a prison of the French Revolution. It was set up in what had been the Carmes Monastery in Paris. It formed a vast enclosure bounded by rue du Regard, rue du Cherche-Midi and rue Cassette - it was also bordered to the south by rue de Vaugirard. It was the site of one of the September Massacres in 1792 and features in the 1927 film Napoléon.
September Martyrs
[edit]History
[edit]The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was adopted on 12 July 1790, setting up a new system for electing priests and bishops and allowing a death sentence against any priests who refused to comply. 126 of 130 bishops and 100,000 out of 130,000 priests refused to swear to it and so on 27 May 1792 a decree of the Legislative Assembly ordered them to be deported.
The monastery's household silver and library were seized and the community was forced to leave the monastery building, which was turned into a prison. 188 priests and three bishops were massacred in particularly violent conditions under commissioner Stanislas-Marie Maillard, who executed orders from the surveillance committee.[1] At the Abbaye Prison the violence lasted until the end of the morning of 4 September, with 21 priests and 151 others killed out of a total of 29 priests and 209 other prisoners - at Carmes it only ended at 6pm, with 116 killed out of between 162 and 172 prisoners. All the monks who refused to take the oath before the tribunal at the prison were bayoneted or impaled on pikes on the threshold.[2] The massacre at Carmes lasted all night.[3]
Jean Marie du Lau d'Allemans (archbishop of Arles), his vicar general Armand de Foucauld de Pontbriand, François-Joseph de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers (bishop of Beauvais) and his brother Pierre-Louis de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers (bishop of Saintes) were shut up in the monastery church and between 2 and 5 September all three of them were killed in the monastery garden along with the priests André Grasset, Ambroise Chevreux, François-Louis Hébert and Joseph-Marie Gros.
Bibliography
[edit]- (in French) Gérard Cholvy (editor), Un évêque dans la tourmente révolutionnaire, Jean Marie du Lau, archevêque d'Arles, et ses compagnons martyrs, 1792-1992, colloque du IIe centenaire tenu à Arles les 2-4 octobre 1992, Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, 1995.
References
[edit]- ^ Église St Joseph des Carmes
- ^ Bienheureux Martyrs des Carmes
- ^ Houdaille, Clémence (15–16 October 2016). "Les martyrs de la Révolution". La Croix (in French). No. 40621. La Croix. pp. 16–17..
External links
[edit]- (in French) Account of the Carmes massacre by abbé Berthelet de Barbot Archived 2009-02-22 at the Wayback Machine