Deep Thought (chess computer): Difference between revisions
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'''Deep Thought''' was a [[computer]] designed to play chess. Deep Thought was initially developed at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and later at [[IBM]].<ref>{{ |
'''Deep Thought''' was a [[computer]] designed to play chess. Deep Thought was initially developed at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and later at [[IBM]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of deep blue|url=http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/meet/html/d.3.1.html|accessdate=2008-02-18}}</ref> It was second in the line of [[chess]] computers developed by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], starting with [[ChipTest]] and culminating in [[IBM Deep Blue|Deep Blue]]. In addition to Hsu, the Deep Thought team included [[Thomas Anantharaman]], Mike Browne, [[Murray Campbell]] and Andreas Nowatzyk.<ref name=AAAIBerliner>[http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewFile/753/671 Deep Thought wins the $10,000 Fredkin Prize], [[Hans Berliner]]</ref> Deep Thought was easily defeated in both games of a two-game match with [[Garry Kasparov]] in 1989 as well as in a [[correspondence chess|correspondence]] match with [[Michael Valvo]]. |
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It was named after '''[[List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters#Deep Thought|Deep Thought]]''', a fictional computer in [[Douglas Adams]]' series, ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]''. The naming of chess computers has continued in this vein with [[IBM Deep Blue|Deep Blue]], [[Deep Fritz]], [[Deep Junior]], etc. |
It was named after '''[[List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters#Deep Thought|Deep Thought]]''', a fictional computer in [[Douglas Adams]]' series, ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]''. The naming of chess computers has continued in this vein with [[IBM Deep Blue|Deep Blue]], [[Deep Fritz]], [[Deep Junior]], etc. |
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Deep Thought won the [[North American Computer Chess Championship]] in 1988 and the [[World Computer Chess Championship]] in the year 1989, and its [[ELO rating system|rating]], according to the [[United States Chess Federation|USCF]] was 2551.<ref name=AAAIBerliner /> In 1994, Deep Thought 2 won the [[North American Computer Chess Championship]] for the fifth time, with its rating estimated at around 2600. It was sponsored by [[IBM]]. Some engineers who designed Deep Thought also worked in the design of Deep Thought 2. Its algorithms were quite simple evaluation functions, but it could examine half a billion chess positions per move in tournament games, which is sufficient to reach depth of 10 or 11 moves ahead in complex positions. Despite that, using the technique of ''singular extensions'' it could also follow lines of forced moves that reach even further, which is how it once found a [[checkmate]] in 37 moves.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}} |
Deep Thought won the [[North American Computer Chess Championship]] in 1988 and the [[World Computer Chess Championship]] in the year 1989, and its [[ELO rating system|rating]], according to the [[United States Chess Federation|USCF]] was 2551.<ref name=AAAIBerliner /> In 1994, Deep Thought 2 won the [[North American Computer Chess Championship]] for the fifth time, with its rating estimated at around 2600. It was sponsored by [[IBM]]. Some engineers who designed Deep Thought also worked in the design of Deep Thought 2. Its algorithms were quite simple evaluation functions, but it could examine half a billion chess positions per move in tournament games, which is sufficient to reach depth of 10 or 11 moves ahead in complex positions. Despite that, using the technique of ''singular extensions'' it could also follow lines of forced moves that reach even further, which is how it once found a [[checkmate]] in 37 moves.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}} |
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* [[Computer chess]] |
* [[Computer chess]] |
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* [[List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters#Deep Thought|Deep Thought]], a fictional computer in [[Douglas Adams]]'s series, ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' |
* [[List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters#Deep Thought|Deep Thought]], a fictional computer in [[Douglas Adams]]'s series, ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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|title=Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion |
|title=Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion |
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|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |
|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |
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|isbn=0-691-09065-3}} |
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*{{Citation |
*{{Citation |
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|last=Newborn|first=Monty |
|last=Newborn|first=Monty |
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|title=Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age |
|title=Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age |
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|publisher=Springer |
|publisher=Springer |
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|isbn=0-387-94820-1}} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{chessgames player|id=13728|name=Deep Thought}} |
*{{chessgames player|id=13728|name=Deep Thought}} |
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[[Category:Chess engines]] |
[[Category:Chess engines]] |
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[[Category:One-of-a-kind computers]] |
[[Category:One-of-a-kind computers]] |
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[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University]] |
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
Revision as of 08:32, 18 December 2015
Deep Thought was a computer designed to play chess. Deep Thought was initially developed at Carnegie Mellon University and later at IBM.[1] It was second in the line of chess computers developed by Feng-hsiung Hsu, starting with ChipTest and culminating in Deep Blue. In addition to Hsu, the Deep Thought team included Thomas Anantharaman, Mike Browne, Murray Campbell and Andreas Nowatzyk.[2] Deep Thought was easily defeated in both games of a two-game match with Garry Kasparov in 1989 as well as in a correspondence match with Michael Valvo.
It was named after Deep Thought, a fictional computer in Douglas Adams' series, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The naming of chess computers has continued in this vein with Deep Blue, Deep Fritz, Deep Junior, etc.
Deep Thought won the North American Computer Chess Championship in 1988 and the World Computer Chess Championship in the year 1989, and its rating, according to the USCF was 2551.[2] In 1994, Deep Thought 2 won the North American Computer Chess Championship for the fifth time, with its rating estimated at around 2600. It was sponsored by IBM. Some engineers who designed Deep Thought also worked in the design of Deep Thought 2. Its algorithms were quite simple evaluation functions, but it could examine half a billion chess positions per move in tournament games, which is sufficient to reach depth of 10 or 11 moves ahead in complex positions. Despite that, using the technique of singular extensions it could also follow lines of forced moves that reach even further, which is how it once found a checkmate in 37 moves.[citation needed]
See also
- Computer chess
- Deep Thought, a fictional computer in Douglas Adams's series, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Notes
- ^ "History of deep blue". Retrieved 2008-02-18.
- ^ a b Deep Thought wins the $10,000 Fredkin Prize, Hans Berliner
References
- Hsu, Feng-hsiung (2002), Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-09065-3
- Newborn, Monty (1997), Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age, Springer, ISBN 0-387-94820-1
External links
- Deep Thought player profile and games at Chessgames.com
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