Finis J. Garrett: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American judge, lawyer and politician}} |
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{{Infobox Judge |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
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|name = Finis J. Garrett |
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| honorific-prefix = |
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|image = Finis J. Garrett (Tennessee Congressman).jpg |
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| name = Finis J. Garrett |
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|office = Chief Judge of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] |
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| honorific-suffix = |
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|appointer = [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] |
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| image = Finis J. Garrett (Tennessee Congressman).jpg |
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|term_start = December 1, 1937 |
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| alt = |
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| caption = |
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|predecessor = [[William J. Graham|William Graham]] |
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| office = Chief Judge of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] |
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|successor = [[Noble J. Johnson|Noble Johnson]] |
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| term_start = September 1, 1948 |
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|office1 = Associate Judge of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] |
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| term_end = September 15, 1955 |
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|appointer1 = [[Calvin Coolidge]] |
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| nominator = |
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|term_start1 = February 18, 1929 |
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| appointer = [[operation of law]] |
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| predecessor = ''Seat established by 62 Stat. 899'' |
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|predecessor1 = [[James Francis Smith|James Smith]] |
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| successor = [[Noble J. Johnson]] |
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| office1 = Presiding Judge of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] |
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| term_start1 = December 1, 1937 |
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|deputy2 = [[William Allan Oldfield|William Oldfield]] |
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| term_end1 = September 1, 1948 |
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| nominator1 = |
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|term_end2 = March 3, 1929 |
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| appointer1 = [[List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
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|predecessor2 = [[Claude Kitchin]] |
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| predecessor1 = [[William J. Graham]] |
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|successor2 = [[John Nance Garner|John Garner]] |
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| successor1 = ''Seat abolished'' |
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|state3 = [[Tennessee]] |
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| office2 = Associate Judge of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] |
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|district3 = {{ushr|TN|9|9th}} |
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| term_start2 = February 18, 1929 |
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| term_end2 = December 1, 1937 |
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| nominator2 = |
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|predecessor3 = [[Rice Alexander Pierce|Rice Pierce]] |
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| appointer2 = [[List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge|Calvin Coolidge]] |
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|successor3 = [[Jere Cooper]] |
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| predecessor2 = [[James Francis Smith]] |
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|birth_date = {{birth date|1875|8|26}} |
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| successor2 = [[Joseph Raymond Jackson]] |
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|birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Weakley County, Tennessee|Ore Springs]], [[Tennessee]], [[United States|U.S.]]}} |
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| office3 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Leader]] |
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|death_date = {{death date and age|1956|5|25|1875|8|26}} |
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| term_start3 = March 4, 1923 |
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|death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
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| term_end3 = March 3, 1929 |
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|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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| deputy3 = [[William Allan Oldfield]] |
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| predecessor3 = [[Claude Kitchin]] |
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|children = Virginia<br>Burns |
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| successor3 = [[John Nance Garner]] |
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|alma_mater = [[Bethel College (Tennessee)|Bethel College, Tennessee]] |
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|office4 = Leader of the [[House Democratic Caucus#Caucus Leader|House Democratic Caucus]] |
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|term_start4 = March 4, 1923 |
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|term_end4 = March 3, 1929 |
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|predecessor4 = [[Claude Kitchin]] |
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|successor4 = [[John Nance Garner]] |
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| state5 = [[Tennessee]] |
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| district5 = {{ushr|TN|9|9th}} |
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| term_start5 = March 4, 1905 |
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| term_end5 = March 3, 1929 |
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| predecessor5 = [[Rice Alexander Pierce]] |
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| successor5 = [[Jere Cooper]] |
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| pronunciation = |
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| birth_name = Finis James Garrett |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1875|08|26}} |
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| birth_place = Ore Springs, [[Tennessee]], U.S. |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1956|05|25|1875|08|26}} |
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| death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S. |
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| death_cause = |
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| resting_place = Sunset Cemetery<br>[[Dresden, Tennessee|Dresden]], [[Tennessee]] |
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| resting_place_coordinates = |
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| citizenship = |
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| nationality = |
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| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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| otherparty = |
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| height = |
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| spouse = |
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| partner = |
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| relations = |
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| children = |
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| parents = |
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| mother = |
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| father = |
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| relatives = |
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| residence = |
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| education = [[Clinton College (Kentucky)|Clinton College]]<br>[[Bethel College (Tennessee)|Bethel College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|A.B.]]) |
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| alma_mater = |
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| occupation = |
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| profession = |
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| known_for = |
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| salary = |
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| net_worth = |
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| cabinet = |
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| committees = |
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| portfolio = |
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| awards = |
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| signature = |
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| signature_alt = |
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| website = |
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<!--Embedded templates / Footnotes--> |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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'''Finis James Garrett''' (August 26, 1875 – May 25, 1956) was an [[United States|American]] politician and a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for the [[Tennessee's 9th congressional district|9th congressional district]] of [[Tennessee]]. Garrett was the last Democratic [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Leader]] not to serve at any point as Speaker until [[Dick Gephardt]] from 1995 to 2003. |
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'''Finis James Garrett''' (August 26, 1875 – May 25, 1956) was a [[United States representative]] from [[Tennessee]], serving as the [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Leader]] for the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], and a [[United States federal judge|Chief Judge]] of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]]. |
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==Biography== |
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Garrett was born near [[Ore Springs]], in [[Weakley County]], [[Tennessee]] on August 26, 1875, the son of Noah J. and Virginia Baughman Garrett. He attended [[Bethel College (Tennessee)|Bethel College]] and graduated in 1897. During that period he worked as a teacher and an [[editing|editor]] for local newspapers. |
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==Education and career== |
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==Career== |
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After graduation, Garrett went on to study law and passed the Tennessee Bar Association in 1899. He was appointed master in chancery and served from September 14, 1900 to January 24, 1905. He married Elizabeth Harris Burns on November 27, 1901, and they had two children, Virginia Lee and Burns. |
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Born on August 26, 1875, near Ore Springs,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ore+Springs,+TN+38225/@36.2947994,-88.5868627,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x887bc24a52576843:0x5dcbaa0167006481!8m2!3d36.294783!4d-88.5781079|title=Ore Springs|website=www.google.com/maps}}</ref> [[Weakley County, Tennessee|Weakley County]], [[Tennessee]], Garrett attended the common schools and [[Clinton College (Kentucky)|Clinton College]] in [[Kentucky]]. He received an [[Bachelor of Arts|Artium Baccalaureus]] degree in 1897 from [[Bethel University (Tennessee)|Bethel College]] (now [[Bethel University (Tennessee)|Bethel University]]) in [[McKenzie, Tennessee|McKenzie]], Tennessee and [[read law]] in 1899. He entered private practice in [[Dresden, Tennessee|Dresden]], Tennessee from 1900 to 1905, during which time he was also a newspaper editor, teacher and a Master in Chancery for the Tennessee Chancery Court in Weakley County.<ref name="congress.gov">{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000082|title=GARRETT, Finis James - Biographical Information|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref><ref name="fjc.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/garrett-finis-james|title=Garrett, Finis James - Federal Judicial Center|website=www.fjc.gov}}</ref> |
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Elected to the Fifty-ninth [[United States Congress|US Congress]] and to the eleven succeeding Congresses, Garrett served from March 4, 1905 to March 3, 1929.<ref>{{cite web|title=Finis J. Garrett|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/finis_garrett/404454|publisher=Govtrack US Congress|accessdate=1 May 2013}}</ref> He served as chairman of the Committee on Insular Affairs (Sixty-fifth Congress), and was minority leader for the Sixty-eighth through Seventieth Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination to the Seventy-first Congress in 1928, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1924. |
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==Congressional service== |
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Garrett also did some history writing producing ''How Andrew Jackson Applied Democratic Principles; An Address ...'' in 1927. He was appointed judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals from 1929 to 1937. He was [[Presiding judge]] of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] from 1937 to 1955.<ref>{{cite web|title=Finis J. Garrett|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000082|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 May 2013}}</ref> |
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Garrett was elected from the [[Tennessee's 9th congressional district|9th congressional district]] of Tennessee as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to the [[United States House of Representatives]] of the [[59th United States Congress]] and to the eleven succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1905, until March 3, 1929. He was Chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Insular Affairs]] in the [[65th United States Congress]]. He was minority leader in the [[68th United States Congress|68th]] through [[70th United States Congress]]es. He was not a candidate for renomination to the [[71st United States Congress]] in 1928. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for [[United States Senator]]. He was a delegate to the [[Democratic National Convention]] in 1924.<ref name="congress.gov"/> Garrett was the last Democratic [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Leader]] not to serve at any point as Speaker until [[Dick Gephardt]] from 1995 to 2003.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}} |
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===Unsuccessful judicial appointment=== |
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Garret received a [[recess appointment]] to the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee]] on November 22, 1920, but declined the appointment. He was nominated to the same seat on December 10, 1920, but the [[United States Senate]] never acted on his nomination, which expired with the end of [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s Presidency.<ref name="fjc.gov"/> |
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==Federal judicial service== |
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Garrett was nominated by President [[Calvin Coolidge]] on February 14, 1929, to an Associate Judge seat on the [[United States Court of Customs Appeals]] (Associate Judge of the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] from March 2, 1929) vacated by Associate Judge [[James F. Smith]]. He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on February 18, 1929, and received his commission on February 18, 1929. His service terminated on December 1, 1937, due to his elevation to Presiding Judge of the same court.<ref name="fjc.gov"/> |
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Garrett was nominated by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] on November 16, 1937, to the Presiding Judge seat on the [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] vacated by Presiding Judge [[William J. Graham]]. He was confirmed by the Senate on November 30, 1937, and received his commission on December 1, 1937. Garrett was reassigned by [[operation of law]] on September 1, 1948, to the new Chief Judge seat authorized by 62 Stat. 899. His service terminated on September 15, 1955, due to his retirement.<ref name="fjc.gov"/> |
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==Family== |
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Garret was the son of Noah J. Garrett and Virginia (Baughman) Garrett.<ref name=polgrave>{{cite web|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/garrett.html|title=The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Garrett|website=politicalgraveyard.com}}</ref> He married Elizabeth Harris Burns on November 27, 1901.<ref name=polgrave/> |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
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Garrett died on May 26, 1956 (age 80 years, 274 days). He is interred at the Sunset Cemetery in [[Dresden, Tennessee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Finis J. Garrett|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/garrett.html|publisher=The Political Graveyard|accessdate=1 May 2013}}</ref> |
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Garrett died on May 25, 1956, in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="fjc.gov"/> He was interred in Sunset Cemetery in [[Dresden, Tennessee|Dresden]], Tennessee.<ref name="congress.gov"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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== |
==External links== |
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* {{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000082|title=GARRETT, Finis James - Biographical Information|website=bioguide.congress.gov}} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/leadership.aspx|title=Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives - Leadership Information|website=clerk.house.gov}} |
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* [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000082 Bioguide] |
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* {{cite web|url=https://www.infoplease.com/people/us-congress-biography/finis-james-garrett-tn|title=Finis James GARRETT, Congress, TN|website=InfoPlease}} |
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* [http://clerk.house.gov/histHigh/Congressional_History/leaders.html?print=1 List of majority and minority leaders] |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.utm.edu/departments/acadpro/library/departments/special_collections/wc_hist/garrett.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221020430/http://www.utm.edu/departments/acadpro/library/departments/special_collections/wc_hist/garrett.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2004|title=Finis Garrett|date=21 December 2004}} |
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* [http://www.infoplease.com/biography/us/congress/garrett-finis-james.html Infoplease] |
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* {{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/finis_garrett/404454|title=Finis Garrett, former Representative for Tennessee's 9th Congressional District|website=GovTrack.us}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041221020430/http://www.utm.edu/departments/acadpro/library/departments/special_collections/wc_hist/garrett.htm University site mention] |
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* {{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/garrett-finis-james|title=Garrett, Finis James - Federal Judicial Center|website=www.fjc.gov}} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/garrett.html|title=The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Garrett|website=politicalgraveyard.com}} |
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*{{findagrave|grid=7931462}} |
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*{{find a Grave|grid=7931462}} |
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[[Category:20th-century American judges]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:06, 28 July 2024
Finis J. Garrett | |
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Chief Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals | |
In office September 1, 1948 – September 15, 1955 | |
Appointed by | operation of law |
Preceded by | Seat established by 62 Stat. 899 |
Succeeded by | Noble J. Johnson |
Presiding Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals | |
In office December 1, 1937 – September 1, 1948 | |
Appointed by | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Preceded by | William J. Graham |
Succeeded by | Seat abolished |
Associate Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals | |
In office February 18, 1929 – December 1, 1937 | |
Appointed by | Calvin Coolidge |
Preceded by | James Francis Smith |
Succeeded by | Joseph Raymond Jackson |
House Minority Leader | |
In office March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1929 | |
Deputy | William Allan Oldfield |
Preceded by | Claude Kitchin |
Succeeded by | John Nance Garner |
Leader of the House Democratic Caucus | |
In office March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1929 | |
Preceded by | Claude Kitchin |
Succeeded by | John Nance Garner |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 9th district | |
In office March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1929 | |
Preceded by | Rice Alexander Pierce |
Succeeded by | Jere Cooper |
Personal details | |
Born | Finis James Garrett August 26, 1875 Ore Springs, Tennessee, U.S. |
Died | May 25, 1956 Washington, D.C., U.S. | (aged 80)
Resting place | Sunset Cemetery Dresden, Tennessee |
Political party | Democratic |
Education | Clinton College Bethel College (A.B.) |
Finis James Garrett (August 26, 1875 – May 25, 1956) was a United States representative from Tennessee, serving as the House Minority Leader for the Democratic Party, and a Chief Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals.
Education and career
[edit]Born on August 26, 1875, near Ore Springs,[1] Weakley County, Tennessee, Garrett attended the common schools and Clinton College in Kentucky. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1897 from Bethel College (now Bethel University) in McKenzie, Tennessee and read law in 1899. He entered private practice in Dresden, Tennessee from 1900 to 1905, during which time he was also a newspaper editor, teacher and a Master in Chancery for the Tennessee Chancery Court in Weakley County.[2][3]
Congressional service
[edit]Garrett was elected from the 9th congressional district of Tennessee as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives of the 59th United States Congress and to the eleven succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1905, until March 3, 1929. He was Chairman of the United States House Committee on Insular Affairs in the 65th United States Congress. He was minority leader in the 68th through 70th United States Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination to the 71st United States Congress in 1928. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1924.[2] Garrett was the last Democratic House Minority Leader not to serve at any point as Speaker until Dick Gephardt from 1995 to 2003.[citation needed]
Unsuccessful judicial appointment
[edit]Garret received a recess appointment to the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee on November 22, 1920, but declined the appointment. He was nominated to the same seat on December 10, 1920, but the United States Senate never acted on his nomination, which expired with the end of Woodrow Wilson's Presidency.[3]
Federal judicial service
[edit]Garrett was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge on February 14, 1929, to an Associate Judge seat on the United States Court of Customs Appeals (Associate Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals from March 2, 1929) vacated by Associate Judge James F. Smith. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 18, 1929, and received his commission on February 18, 1929. His service terminated on December 1, 1937, due to his elevation to Presiding Judge of the same court.[3]
Garrett was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on November 16, 1937, to the Presiding Judge seat on the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals vacated by Presiding Judge William J. Graham. He was confirmed by the Senate on November 30, 1937, and received his commission on December 1, 1937. Garrett was reassigned by operation of law on September 1, 1948, to the new Chief Judge seat authorized by 62 Stat. 899. His service terminated on September 15, 1955, due to his retirement.[3]
Family
[edit]Garret was the son of Noah J. Garrett and Virginia (Baughman) Garrett.[4] He married Elizabeth Harris Burns on November 27, 1901.[4]
Death
[edit]Garrett died on May 25, 1956, in Washington, D.C.[3] He was interred in Sunset Cemetery in Dresden, Tennessee.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ "Ore Springs". www.google.com/maps.
- ^ a b c "GARRETT, Finis James - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov.
- ^ a b c d e "Garrett, Finis James - Federal Judicial Center". www.fjc.gov.
- ^ a b "The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Garrett". politicalgraveyard.com.
External links
[edit]- "GARRETT, Finis James - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov.
- "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives - Leadership Information". clerk.house.gov.
- "Finis James GARRETT, Congress, TN". InfoPlease.
- "Finis Garrett". 21 December 2004. Archived from the original on 21 December 2004.
- "Finis Garrett, former Representative for Tennessee's 9th Congressional District". GovTrack.us.
- "Garrett, Finis James - Federal Judicial Center". www.fjc.gov.
- "The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Garrett". politicalgraveyard.com.
- Finis J. Garrett at Find a Grave
- 1875 births
- 1956 deaths
- Bethel University (Tennessee) alumni
- Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
- Judges of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals
- Minority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
- United States Article I federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 20th-century American judges