GMR Group: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Indian conglomerate based in New Delhi}} |
{{Short description|Indian conglomerate based in New Delhi}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=September 2021}} |
{{more citations needed|date=September 2021}} |
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{{Infobox company |
{{Infobox company |
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| name |
| name = GMR Group |
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| logo |
| logo = GMR Group (logo).svg |
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| type |
| type = |
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| genre |
| genre = |
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| fate |
| fate = |
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| predecessor |
| predecessor = |
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| foundation |
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1978}} |
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| founder |
| founder = [[Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao]] |
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| defunct |
| defunct = |
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| location_city |
| location_city = [[New Delhi]] |
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| location_country = India |
| location_country = India |
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| location = |
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| locations = |
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| area_served |
| area_served = |
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| key_people |
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao|Srinivas Bommidala|G. B. S. Raju|Grandhi Kiran Kumar| B. V. N. Rao}} |
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| industry |
| industry = Conglomerate |
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| services |
| services = {{Bulleted_list|Airports|Energy|Highways and Urban Infrastructure Development}} |
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'''GMR Group''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] headquartered in [[New Delhi]]. The group was founded in 1978 by [[Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao]] |
'''GMR Group''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] headquartered in [[New Delhi]]. The group was founded in 1978 by [[Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao]] and comprises several companies including GMR Infrastructure, GMR Energy, GMR Airports, GMR Enterprises. Employing the [[public-private partnership]] model, the Group has implemented several infrastructure projects in [[India]]. The Group also has a global presence with infrastructure operating assets and projects in several countries including [[Philippines]] and [[Greece]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/M3qegpjqL5GPVa3NSiXGMI/GMR-wins-rights-to-build-new-airport-in-Greece.html|title=GMR Airports wins rights to build a new airport in Greece|last=Shukla|first=Tarun|date=2017-06-07|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |
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GMR Group owns, develops, operates and manages airports, major energy utilities, highways and urban infrastructure facilities. With a net asset base of nearly US |
GMR Group owns, develops, operates, and manages airports, major energy utilities, highways, and urban infrastructure facilities. With a net asset base of nearly US$25 billion, GMR Group is one of the largest infrastructure development companies in India. GMR Group is famous for operating the [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] located in Palam, Delhi. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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GMR Group chairman Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao, a first-generation entrepreneur hailing from Rajam in Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh, pledged $340 million, which is equivalent to his personal share in the infrastructure conglomerate, to improve education among the under-served sections of the society.<ref>{{Cite |
GMR Group chairman Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao, a first-generation entrepreneur hailing from Rajam in Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh, pledged $340 million, which is equivalent to his personal share in the infrastructure conglomerate, to improve education among the under-served sections of the society.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/GMR-boss-pledges-340m-for-education/articleshow/7767447.cms|title=GMR boss pledges $340m for education – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=23 March 2011 |access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |
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The company started with Agri-based industries like Jute, Sugar, Breweries and slowly moved |
The company started with Agri-based industries like Jute, Sugar, and Breweries and slowly moved into the Infrastructure space over the past decade. Now the GMR group interests lie in areas of Airports, Energy, Highways, and Urban Infrastructure.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} |
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GMR Infrastructure Limited is the infrastructure holding company formed to fund the [[capital requirement]]s of various infrastructure projects across the sectors. It undertakes the development of |
GMR Infrastructure Limited is the infrastructure holding company formed to fund the [[capital requirement]]s of various infrastructure projects across the sectors. It undertakes the development of infrastructure projects through its various subsidiaries.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} |
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==Business== |
==Business== |
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===Airports=== |
===Airports=== |
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GMR Group entered the airports development space in 2003.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} |
GMR Group entered the airports development space in 2003, through subsidiary GMR Airports Limited. {{citation needed|date=September 2021}} |
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GMR |
GMR Airports limited operates [[Delhi]]'s [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], [[Hyderabad]]'s [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] and [[Goa]]'s [[Manohar International Airport]]. Besides this, the Group has recently been awarded the concession for the development, operations, and management of [[Bhogapuram Airport]] in [[Visakhapatnam]]. In the year 2020, the group signed the concession agreement to commission, operationalize, and maintain the Civilian Enclave at the Bidar Airport in Karnataka. GMR Group is developing airport cities on the commercial lands available around its airports in Delhi, Hyderabad, and Goa. |
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In the International market, it operates [[Mactan Cebu International Airport]] in The Philippines and New Heraklion International Airport in Greece in 2017. |
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In July 2020, [[Groupe ADP]] acquired a 49% stake in GMR Airports.<ref>{{cite web |title=Groupe ADP acquires 49% stake in GMR Airports with revised conditions |url=https://www.itln.in/groupe-adp-acquires-49-stake-in-gmr-airports-with-revised-conditions-aviation |website=itln.in |access-date=2020-07-08 |date=2020-07-08}}</ref> |
In July 2020, [[Groupe ADP]] acquired a 49% stake in GMR Airports.<ref>{{cite web |title=Groupe ADP acquires 49% stake in GMR Airports with revised conditions |url=https://www.itln.in/groupe-adp-acquires-49-stake-in-gmr-airports-with-revised-conditions-aviation |website=itln.in |access-date=2020-07-08 |date=2020-07-08}}</ref> |
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GMR has announced it will develop and transform Nagpur Airport into a world-class aviation hub in multiple phases. It will focus on replicating its successful upgrade efforts |
GMR has announced it will develop and transform Nagpur Airport into a world-class aviation hub in multiple phases. It will focus on replicating its successful upgrade efforts at Delhi Airport in India and Cebu-Mactan in Philippines. The plan includes the expansion of terminal handling capacity, the development of a second runway, and a new Air Traffic Control Tower (ATC) to boost capacity to levels that could potentially serve the needs for the next 2-3 decades of growth.<ref>{{cite web |title=GMR to transform Nagpur Airport into a modern aviation hub |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/gmr-to-transform-nagpur-airport-into-a-modern-aviation-hub/article36012383.ece |website=Hindu Business Line|date=20 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-20}}</ref> |
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GMR Hyderabad International Airport |
GMR Hyderabad International Airport won the 'Golden Peacock Business Excellence Award 2017'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indtoday.com/gmr-hyderabad-international-airport-wins-the-prestigious-golden-peacock-business-excellence-award-2017/|title=GMR Hyderabad International Airport Wins the Prestigious 'Golden Peacock Business Excellence Award 2017'|date=2017-04-25|website=INDToday|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |
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===GMR Aerocity Hyderabad=== |
===GMR Aerocity Hyderabad=== |
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In April 2021, GMR Group announced the launch of GMR Hyderabad Airport City,<ref>{{cite |
In April 2021, GMR Group announced the launch of GMR Hyderabad Airport City,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/construction/gmr-launches-aerocity-at-hyderabad-airport/articleshow/82099317.cms|title=GMR launches 'AeroCity' at Hyderabad Airport|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=16 April 2021 |last1=Haidar |first1=Faizan }}</ref> which is proposed to be the largest [[aerotropolis]] in India spread across {{convert|1500|acre|km2|adj=on}} around Rajiv Gandhi International Airport,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/apr/16/gmr-group-launches-aerocity-spread-over-1500-acres-around-hyderabad-airport-2290728.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416130459/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/apr/16/gmr-group-launches-aerocity-spread-over-1500-acres-around-hyderabad-airport-2290728.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2021|title=GMR Group launches AeroCity spread over 1,500 acres around Hyderabad Airport}}</ref> and is being billed as an "integrated ecosystem covering Office Space, Retail, Leisure, Entertainment, Hospitality, Education, Healthcare, Aerospace & Logistics". In September 2021, GMR Group said that it would invest {{INR}} 519.52 crore towards metro connectivity at the airport.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ghial-to-invest-rs-500-cr-for-metro-connectivity-at-airport/articleshow/85849989.cms|title=GHIAL to invest Rs 500 crore for metro connectivity at Hyderabad airport|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/construction/gmr-to-invest-over-rs-500-crore-in-hyderabad-airport-metro-link-project/articleshow/85826015.cms|title=GMR to invest over Rs 500 crore in Hyderabad Airport metro link project|newspaper=The Economic Times }}</ref> During foundation laying ceremony of [[Hyderabad Airport Metro Express]] on 9 December 2022, GMR Group contributed {{INRConvert|625|c|[[us $Convert]] year=2022}}, or 10 percent of the project's cost.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/091222/we-build-metro-without-central-funds-asserts-cm-kcr.html|title=We will build Metro without Central funds, asserts CM KCR|date=10 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/chief-minister-k-chandrasekhar-rao-asks-officials-to-plan-for-future-infra-needs-of-capital/article66242670.ece|title=Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao asks officials to plan for future infra needs of capital|newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 December 2022 }}</ref> |
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=== GMR |
=== GMR Aero Services === |
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GMR Services |
GMR Aero Services offers specialized services in the field of airport development and operations, which include aviation consultation, engineering and maintenance, operations management, security solutions{{buzzword inline|date=October 2021}}, and staff training.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} |
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==== GMR |
==== GMR Aero Academy ==== |
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GMR |
GMR Aero Academy (GMRAA) was established at the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Shamshabad, Hyderabad in 2009. |
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GMR started its Aviation Academy in Kochi, Kerala on 23 January 2023 at ASAP Community Skill Park, KINFRA, Kalamassery, Kochi. |
GMR started its Aviation Academy in Kochi, Kerala on 23 January 2023 at ASAP Community Skill Park, KINFRA, Kalamassery, Kochi. |
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==== GMR Aviation ==== |
==== GMR Aviation ==== |
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GMR Aviation was formed in 2006 to offer aircraft charter services and consultancy for business aviation. Apart from owning and managing its own fleet, GMR Aviation also manages aircraft of other business groups.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} |
GMR Aviation was formed in 2006 to offer aircraft charter services and consultancy for business aviation. Apart from owning and managing its own fleet, GMR Aviation also manages aircraft of other business groups.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} |
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==== RAXA Techno Security Solutions ==== |
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RAXA Techno Security Solutions, provides security solutions{{buzzword inline|date=October 2021}} and is one of the first security organizations in the country to be certified with ISO 18788:2015.The academy provides techno security solutions{{buzzword inline|date=October 2021}} and services like cyber security, automation & system integration, events management, executive protection, drone based service, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/raxa-forges-strategic-partnerships-with-international-solution-providers/article34274766.ece|title = RAXA forges strategic partnerships with international solution providers}}</ref> |
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==== GMR Engineering and Management Services (GEMS)==== |
==== GMR Engineering and Management Services (GEMS)==== |
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===Energy=== |
===Energy=== |
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GMR Group is a player in the Indian power sector with an installed capacity of 3200 MW. The group has 15 power generation projects across Hydro, Thermal and Renewable energy of which 11 are operational and 4 are under various stages of development. |
GMR Group is a player in the Indian power sector with an installed capacity of 3200 MW. The group has 15 power generation projects across Hydro, Thermal, and Renewable energy of which 11 are operational and 4 are under various stages of development. |
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=== Urban Infrastructure === |
=== Urban Infrastructure === |
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In the Urban structure business, the GMR group is currently developing an 850- hectare large format |
In the Urban structure business, the GMR group is currently developing an 850- hectare large format 'Special Investment Regions' (SIR) at Krishnagiri, near Hosur in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/airports-operator-gmr-plans-to-put-non-core-assets-land-on-sale|title = Airports operator GMR plans to put non-core assets, land on sale}}</ref> |
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The SIR is designed and developed by GMR as self-contained eco-systems for economic activity. |
The SIR is designed and developed by GMR as self-contained eco-systems for economic activity. |
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=== Transportation === |
=== Transportation === |
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GMR's Transportation business has surface transport projects including roads, railways, metros, and airstrips/runways in both DBFOT (under GMR Highways) and EPC (under GIL – EPC) segments. In roads and highways, GMR is a leading developer with 6 operating assets adding to the total length of over 2,400 lane km. In railways, GMR has a total order book of 4,000 Crores with projects from clients like Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) and Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL). |
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=== Sports === |
=== Sports === |
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GMR has forayed into sports by promoting the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) cricket team – [[Delhi Capitals]] and [[Pro Kabaddi League|Pro Kabaddi]] League |
GMR has forayed into sports by promoting the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) cricket team – [[Delhi Capitals]] and [[Pro Kabaddi League|Pro Kabaddi]] League – [[UP Yoddha|UP Yodha.]] |
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'''Delhi Capitals''' |
'''Delhi Capitals''' |
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The Delhi Capitals was established in 2008 as Delhi Daredevils (DD). The franchise is jointly owned by the GMR Group and JSW Group. In 2023, |
The [[Delhi Capitals]] was established in 2008 as Delhi Daredevils (DD). The franchise is jointly owned by the [[GMR Group]] and [[JSW Group]]. In 2023, they also jointly bought a team in the [[Women's Indian Premier League|Women's Premier League]] based in Delhi. |
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'''UP Yoddha''' |
'''UP Yoddha''' |
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UP Yoddha (UPY) is a Kabaddi team based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh that plays in the Pro Kabaddi League. |
[[UP Yoddha]] (UPY) is a Kabaddi team based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh that plays in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]]. |
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'''1Sports''' |
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⚫ | GMR Varalakshmi Foundation (GMRVF),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmrgroup.in/foundation/|title=Varalakshmi Foundation, the CSR arm of the GMR Group|website= |
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⚫ | |||
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⚫ | GMR Varalakshmi Foundation (GMRVF),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmrgroup.in/foundation/|title=Varalakshmi Foundation, the CSR arm of the GMR Group|website=gmrgroup.in|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> the Corporate Social Responsibility wing of the Group, develops innovative and locale-specific initiatives in the areas of Education; Health, Hygiene & Sanitation; Empowerment & Livelihoods; and Community development programmes. |
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GMR Engeenering college <ref>{{Citation |title=GMR Institute of Technology |date=2023-02-16 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GMR_Institute_of_Technology&oldid=1139690158 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2023-02-28}}</ref>is one of the reputed colleges in GMR’s hailing district of Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh providing quality technical education since more that 25 years. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Indian Premier League franchise owners]] |
[[Category:Indian Premier League franchise owners]] |
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[[Category:GMR Group]] |
[[Category:GMR Group]] |
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[[Category:Women's Premier League (cricket) franchise owners]] |
Revision as of 14:10, 18 August 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2021) |
Industry | Conglomerate |
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Founded | 1978 |
Founder | Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao |
Headquarters | , India |
Key people |
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Services |
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Website | www |
GMR Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in New Delhi. The group was founded in 1978 by Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao and comprises several companies including GMR Infrastructure, GMR Energy, GMR Airports, GMR Enterprises. Employing the public-private partnership model, the Group has implemented several infrastructure projects in India. The Group also has a global presence with infrastructure operating assets and projects in several countries including Philippines and Greece.[1]
GMR Group owns, develops, operates, and manages airports, major energy utilities, highways, and urban infrastructure facilities. With a net asset base of nearly US$25 billion, GMR Group is one of the largest infrastructure development companies in India. GMR Group is famous for operating the Indira Gandhi International Airport located in Palam, Delhi.
Background
GMR Group chairman Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao, a first-generation entrepreneur hailing from Rajam in Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh, pledged $340 million, which is equivalent to his personal share in the infrastructure conglomerate, to improve education among the under-served sections of the society.[2]
The company started with Agri-based industries like Jute, Sugar, and Breweries and slowly moved into the Infrastructure space over the past decade. Now the GMR group interests lie in areas of Airports, Energy, Highways, and Urban Infrastructure.[citation needed]
GMR Infrastructure Limited is the infrastructure holding company formed to fund the capital requirements of various infrastructure projects across the sectors. It undertakes the development of infrastructure projects through its various subsidiaries.[citation needed]
Business
Airports
GMR Group entered the airports development space in 2003, through subsidiary GMR Airports Limited. [citation needed]
GMR Airports limited operates Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad's Rajiv Gandhi International Airport and Goa's Manohar International Airport. Besides this, the Group has recently been awarded the concession for the development, operations, and management of Bhogapuram Airport in Visakhapatnam. In the year 2020, the group signed the concession agreement to commission, operationalize, and maintain the Civilian Enclave at the Bidar Airport in Karnataka. GMR Group is developing airport cities on the commercial lands available around its airports in Delhi, Hyderabad, and Goa.
In the International market, it operates Mactan Cebu International Airport in The Philippines and New Heraklion International Airport in Greece in 2017.
In July 2020, Groupe ADP acquired a 49% stake in GMR Airports.[3]
GMR has announced it will develop and transform Nagpur Airport into a world-class aviation hub in multiple phases. It will focus on replicating its successful upgrade efforts at Delhi Airport in India and Cebu-Mactan in Philippines. The plan includes the expansion of terminal handling capacity, the development of a second runway, and a new Air Traffic Control Tower (ATC) to boost capacity to levels that could potentially serve the needs for the next 2-3 decades of growth.[4] GMR Hyderabad International Airport won the 'Golden Peacock Business Excellence Award 2017'.[5]
GMR Aerocity Hyderabad
In April 2021, GMR Group announced the launch of GMR Hyderabad Airport City,[6] which is proposed to be the largest aerotropolis in India spread across 1,500-acre (6.1 km2) around Rajiv Gandhi International Airport,[7] and is being billed as an "integrated ecosystem covering Office Space, Retail, Leisure, Entertainment, Hospitality, Education, Healthcare, Aerospace & Logistics". In September 2021, GMR Group said that it would invest ₹ 519.52 crore towards metro connectivity at the airport.[8][9] During foundation laying ceremony of Hyderabad Airport Metro Express on 9 December 2022, GMR Group contributed ₹625 crore (US$75 million), or 10 percent of the project's cost.[10][11]
GMR Aero Services
GMR Aero Services offers specialized services in the field of airport development and operations, which include aviation consultation, engineering and maintenance, operations management, security solutions[buzzword], and staff training.[citation needed]
GMR Aero Academy
GMR Aero Academy (GMRAA) was established at the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Shamshabad, Hyderabad in 2009.
GMR started its Aviation Academy in Kochi, Kerala on 23 January 2023 at ASAP Community Skill Park, KINFRA, Kalamassery, Kochi.
GMR Aviation
GMR Aviation was formed in 2006 to offer aircraft charter services and consultancy for business aviation. Apart from owning and managing its own fleet, GMR Aviation also manages aircraft of other business groups.[citation needed]
GMR Engineering and Management Services (GEMS)
GMR Engineering and Management Services (GEMS), is a provider of engineering and management services and has been in operation for the last 15 years.
Energy
GMR Group is a player in the Indian power sector with an installed capacity of 3200 MW. The group has 15 power generation projects across Hydro, Thermal, and Renewable energy of which 11 are operational and 4 are under various stages of development.
Urban Infrastructure
In the Urban structure business, the GMR group is currently developing an 850- hectare large format 'Special Investment Regions' (SIR) at Krishnagiri, near Hosur in Tamil Nadu.[12] The SIR is designed and developed by GMR as self-contained eco-systems for economic activity.
Transportation
GMR's Transportation business has surface transport projects including roads, railways, metros, and airstrips/runways in both DBFOT (under GMR Highways) and EPC (under GIL – EPC) segments. In roads and highways, GMR is a leading developer with 6 operating assets adding to the total length of over 2,400 lane km. In railways, GMR has a total order book of 4,000 Crores with projects from clients like Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) and Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL).
Sports
GMR has forayed into sports by promoting the Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket team – Delhi Capitals and Pro Kabaddi League – UP Yodha.
Delhi Capitals
The Delhi Capitals was established in 2008 as Delhi Daredevils (DD). The franchise is jointly owned by the GMR Group and JSW Group. In 2023, they also jointly bought a team in the Women's Premier League based in Delhi.
UP Yoddha
UP Yoddha (UPY) is a Kabaddi team based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh that plays in the Pro Kabaddi League.
1Sports
GMR Varalakshmi Foundation
GMR Varalakshmi Foundation (GMRVF),[13] the Corporate Social Responsibility wing of the Group, develops innovative and locale-specific initiatives in the areas of Education; Health, Hygiene & Sanitation; Empowerment & Livelihoods; and Community development programmes.
GMR Engineering College
References
- ^ Shukla, Tarun (7 June 2017). "GMR Airports wins rights to build a new airport in Greece". Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ "GMR boss pledges $340m for education – Times of India". The Times of India. 23 March 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ "Groupe ADP acquires 49% stake in GMR Airports with revised conditions". itln.in. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ "GMR to transform Nagpur Airport into a modern aviation hub". Hindu Business Line. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "GMR Hyderabad International Airport Wins the Prestigious 'Golden Peacock Business Excellence Award 2017'". INDToday. 25 April 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ Haidar, Faizan (16 April 2021). "GMR launches 'AeroCity' at Hyderabad Airport". The Economic Times.
- ^ "GMR Group launches AeroCity spread over 1,500 acres around Hyderabad Airport". Archived from the original on 16 April 2021.
- ^ "GHIAL to invest Rs 500 crore for metro connectivity at Hyderabad airport". The Times of India. 2 September 2021.
- ^ "GMR to invest over Rs 500 crore in Hyderabad Airport metro link project". The Economic Times.
- ^ "We will build Metro without Central funds, asserts CM KCR". 10 December 2022.
- ^ "Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao asks officials to plan for future infra needs of capital". The Hindu. 9 December 2022.
- ^ "Airports operator GMR plans to put non-core assets, land on sale".
- ^ "Varalakshmi Foundation, the CSR arm of the GMR Group". gmrgroup.in. Retrieved 5 December 2019.