Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation
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HMS Calder (K349) under construction as USS Formoe (DE-58), with USS Foss (DE-59) on right at Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard on the Weymouth Back River in Massachusetts | |
| Formerly | Bethlehem Steel Corporation |
|---|---|
| Company type | Corporation |
| Industry | Shipbuilding |
| Founded | 1905 in Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Defunct | 1997 |
| Headquarters | Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S. , U.S. |
Area served | United States |
| Products | Ships |
Bethlehem Steel Corporation Shipbuilding Division was created in 1905 when the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, acquired the San Francisco-based shipyard Union Iron Works.[1][2] In 1917 it was incorporated as Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Limited.
The division's headquarters were moved to Quincy, Massachusetts, after acquiring the Fore River Shipyard in 1913.
In 1940, Bethlehem Shipbuilding was the largest of the "Big Three" U.S. shipbuilders that could build any ship,[3] followed by Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock and New York Shipbuilding Corporation (New York Ship). Bethlehem expanded shortly before and during World War II as a result of the Long Range Shipbuilding Program and later the Emergency Shipbuilding program orchestrated by the United States Maritime Commission and the Two Ocean Navy program and its war-time successors by the military establishment.
In 1964, the now-corporate headquarters moved to Sparrows Point, Maryland, southeast of Baltimore, whose shipyard had been acquired in 1916.
The Quincy / Fore River yard was sold to General Dynamics Corporation in the mid-1960s, and closed in 1986. The Alameda Works Shipyard in California was closed by Bethlehem Steel in the early 1970s, while the San Francisco facility (former Union Iron Works) was sold to British Aerospace in the mid-1990s and survives today as BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair.
Bethlehem Steel ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steelmaking operations.
Shipyards
[edit]Shipyards owned or operated by Bethlehem:
New York
[edit]- Became part of Bethlehem with the purchase of United Shipyards on June 2, 1938 for $9,320,000[4]
- Bethlehem Mariners Harbor, Staten Island, New York (1938–1963[5]).[6][7]
- Bethlehem Brooklyn 56th Street, Brooklyn, New York (1938-1963[5]).[8]
- Bethlehem Brooklyn 27th Street (1938-1963[5]).
- Hoboken Shipyard, Hoboken, New Jersey (1938–1984).[9][10]
- they were called the Staten Island Works, the Brooklyn 56th Street Works, the Brooklyn 27th Street Works and the Hoboken Works of the New York Plant of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation.[11]
- Bethlehem Elizabethport, Elizabethport, New Jersey (1916–1921).[12]
- Bayonne Naval Drydock, Bayonne, New Jersey. Bethlehem used this drydock for ship repairs. Most workers were from Hoboken Shipyard.[13]
Boston
[edit]- Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts (1913–1963[5]). Sold to General Dynamics Corporation.
- Victory Plant Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts (1917–1919). The "Victory Yard" was constructed to build destroyers and free up the Fore River Yard for other vessels including the battlecruiser-turned-aircraft carrier USS Lexington (CV-2).
- Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard, Hingham, Massachusetts (1940–1945).[14]
- Bethlehem Atlantic Works, East Boston, Massachusetts (1853–1984).
Baltimore
[edit]- Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard, Sparrows Point, Maryland (1914–1997).[15]
- Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, (1940–1945).[16][17]
- Bethlehem Key Highway Shipyard, Baltimore. The upper yard was sold to AME/Swirnow in 1983. The site now holds Ritz Carlton and Harborview communities next to Baltimore Museum of Industry.[18][19]
- Bethlehem Fort McHenry Shipyard, Baltimore. The lower yard on Locust Point peninsula, it was sold to General Ship Repair in 1983. Now some Port of Baltimore terminals.[20]
San Francisco
[edit]- Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California (1917–1981).
- also called the Potrero Works and the Risdon Works of the Union plant of Bethlehem Steel
- Alameda Works Shipyard, Alameda, California (1916–1956).
- also called the Alameda Works of the Union plant of Bethlehem Steel
- Hunters Point Drydocks, Hunters Point, San Francisco, California (1908–1920). Acquired by the U.S. Navy
Others
[edit]- Bethlehem Shipbuilding San Pedro on Terminal Island, formerly Southwestern Shipbuilding.
- Bethlehem Steel Wilmington (aka Harlan and Hollingsworth), Wilmington, Delaware (1904–1925, 1941–1945).[21]
- Bethlehem Beaumont Shipyard, Beaumont, Texas (1948–1989). A major U.S. manufacturer of offshore drilling rigs, it produced 72.[22][23] [24][25][26][27]
- Bethlehem Sabine, Port Arthur, Texas, (1985–1995). Sold to Texas Drydock Inc. in 1995.[28]
See also
[edit]- Calmar Steamship Company and other subsidiaries of Bethlehem Steel
References
[edit]- ^ Bethlehem Steel Company Shipbuilding Division. A century of progress, 1849-1949: San Francisco Yard. San Francisco, 1949?
- ^ Strohmeier, Daniel D. (1963). "A History of Bethlehem Steel Company's Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing Activities". Naval Engineers Journal. 75 (2): 259–280. doi:10.1111/j.1559-3584.1963.tb04865.x. ISSN 1559-3584.
- ^ "Billion-Dollar Feast", Time. May 20, 1940. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- ^ "Bethlehem Shipbuilding Expansion". Pacific Marine Review. July 1938. p. 42.
- ^ a b c d Bethlehem Steel Corporation Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 1963.
- ^ John Pike. "Mariners Harbor, Staten Island". globalsecurity.org.
- ^ shipbuildinghistory.com Bethlehem Staten Island
- ^ "Abbreviations & symbols". Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from the original on August 24, 2007.
- ^ Richard L. Porter, et al., Historic American Engineering Record No. NJ-95, "Bethlehem Steel Company Shipyard Archived January 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine," 1994
- ^ John Pike. "Hoboken Shipyards". globalsecurity.org.
- ^ "(Bethlehem announcement ad)". Pacific Marine Review. August 1938. p. 53.
- ^ "Bethlehem Steel Elizabethport, Crescent Shipyard, Lewis Nixon, Samuel Moore". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ^ globalsecurity.org Bayonne Naval Drydock
- ^ "Bethlehem Hingham". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
- ^ John Pike. "Bethlehem Shipbuilding, Sparrows Point MD". globalsecurity.org.
- ^ John Pike. "Fairfield Shipyard". globalsecurity.org.
- ^ "Books: Civil War - the Union". www.marylandsilver.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014.
- ^ thedailyrecord.com, General ship repair
- ^ baltimoreheritage.org Bethlehem Key Highway
- ^ Bethlehem Baltimore shipyards
- ^ "Bethlehem Steel Wilmington, Harlan & Hollingsworth". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
- ^ "Bethlehem Beaumont, Pennsylvania Shipyards". shipbuildinghistory.com. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
- ^ "Drilling Rigs Built in U.S. Shipyards". ShipbuildingHistory.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
- ^ "Bethlehem Steel Company, Beaumont, TX". Shipbuilding.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
- ^ "Merchant Ship Builders Pennsylvania". Maritime Business Strategies, LLC (www.coltoncompany.com). Archived from the original on 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ^ "Bethlehem Beaumont". Maritime Business Strategies, LLC (www.coltoncompany.com). Archived from the original on 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ^ "The Decline of U.S. Shipbuilding: Yards that built deep-draft, self-propelled, oceangoing naval and/or merchant ships". Maritime Business Strategies, LLC (www.coltoncompany.com). Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ^ Bethlehem Steel Dedicates Its New Sabine Yard In Port Arthur, Texas Maritime Reporter, Dec. 1985
External links
[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bethlehem Shipbuilding.
- Ship christening photos, including at the Wilmington Yard
- US Shipbuilding History - Maritime Business Strategies
- US Navy Shipyards - globalsecurity.org
- Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Ship Corporation photograph collection Archived 2020-08-14 at the Wayback Machine at Hagley Museum and Library
- Bethlehem Steel Corporation. Shipbuilding Division Photographs, circa 1900-1945 at San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park
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Categories:
- 1905 establishments in Maryland
- 1997 disestablishments in Delaware
- American companies established in 1905
- Bethlehem shipyards
- Defunct manufacturing companies based in Delaware
- Defunct manufacturing companies based in Maryland
- Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States
- Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1997
- Manufacturing companies established in 1905