Nissan Silvia
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
| Nissan Silvia | |
|---|---|
1986 Nissan Silvia R-X Hatchback (JS12, Japan) | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Nissan |
| Production |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
The Nissan Silvia (Japanese: 日産・シルビア, Hepburn: Nissan Shirubia) is the series of small sports cars produced by Nissan. Versions of the Silvia have been marketed as the 200SX or 240SX for export, with some export versions being sold under the Datsun brand.
The name "Silvia" is derived from Sylvia, the name of the nymph who served Diana, the Roman goddess of the hunt. The name also means "forest" in Latin.[1][2]
CSP311
[edit]| Nissan Silvia (CSP311) | |
|---|---|
Nissan Silvia (CSP311) | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Datsun 1600 Coupé[3] |
| Production |
|
| Assembly | Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Nissan Shatai Plant) |
| Designer | Kazuo Kimura, Fumio Yoshida |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door coupé |
| Platform | Datsun CSP311 platform |
| Related | Datsun Fairlady SP311 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.6 L R I4 OHV |
| Transmission | 4-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,280 mm (89.8 in) |
| Length | 3,985 mm (156.9 in) |
| Width | 1,508 mm (59.4 in) |
| Height | 1,275 mm (50.2 in) |
| Curb weight | 977 kg (2,154 lb) |
In 1962, Albrecht Graf von Goertz was working as a consultant for BMW, having created the BMW 507, and saw the potential of Japanese manufacturers. Yamaha had created the Technical Research Institute to develop their own sports car in 1959, and had built the YX30 sports car. As Yamaha had a working relationship with Nissan, work began on project A550X, but at some point the project fell apart and work was cancelled. Kazuo Kimura and Fumio Yoshida were both working on Project A550X and when the professional relationship between Nissan and Goertz ended in 1964, the work on the project contributed to the Silvia.[5][6]
The Nissan Silvia CSP311 made its public debut at the Tokyo Motor Show in September 1964 as the "Datsun Coupé 1500". The introductory model was a hand-built coupé based on the Fairlady platform. The CSP311 was powered by the 96 PS (71 kW) 1.6 L Nissan R series engine. The engine was equipped with twin SU carburetors. Due to being nearly entirely hand made, only 554 were produced, mainly in 1965, before production stopped in 1968. Most of the vehicles remained in Japan; however, 49 examples were exported to Australia and another 10 went to other countries. 4 were also developed with a LHD interior for export to Europe, where they were displayed at events and shows.[7]
In December 1965, Nissan provided the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department with 2 CSP311 Silvias for highway patrol use. These were modified from the production model to include standard police lights, sirens, police radio, overbumpers, as well as upgraded suspension to better cope with high speed patrol, however the engine remained standard. The CSP311 patrol car was the first Japanese high-performance patrol car, chosen due to being the fastest production car in Japan at the time with a top speed of 165 km/h (103 mph), and due to its disc brakes giving it good stopping power.[8]
There was a convertible prototype CSP311 developed, however it was never produced.[7]
S10
[edit]| Nissan Silvia (S10) | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Also called |
|
| Production | 1975–1979 |
| Assembly | Zama Plant, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door fastback coupé |
| Platform | Nissan S platform |
| Related | Nissan Sunny |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,340 mm (92.1 in) |
| Length |
|
| Width | 1,600 mm (63.0 in) |
| Height | 1,300 mm (51.2 in) |
| Curb weight |
|
The S10 was the first mass-produced Silvia built on the all-new S platform, intended as Nissan's compact, rear-wheel-drive, sporty car platform.[9] Japanese versions were exclusive to Nissan Japanese dealerships called Nissan Prince Store along with the larger C110 Skyline. The S10 featured less "traditional" lines than similar offerings from rivals Toyota and Mazda sharing a common appearance with the larger Skyline. Initially, the S10 was intended to be powered by a rotary engine, however this idea was scrapped due to the oil crises of the 1970s.[10] The S10 was based on the Datsun Sunny Coupe.
Japan
[edit]In Japan, the S10, officially named "New Silvia" was initially fitted with a 1.8 L L18S straight-four engine, which it shared with the Datsun 610/Bluebird 180B. The Japanese version featured Nissan NAPS emission control technology at its introduction. In 1976, the S10 received its first upgrade which included a new trim level "Type-LSE" which got a new L18E engine which had an electronic fuel injection intake instead of the carburetor. This upgrade also included a change to the model name, from S10 to S11. In 1977, the S11 received upgrades including interior upgrades, a body-colored front grille, new wheels, new hubcaps, new rubber bumper corners, a new trim level "Type-G" and more optional parts and colors.[11]
North America
[edit]The S10 was exported in 1976 to the North American market as the Datsun 200-SX, incorporating the larger-displacement 2.0 L L20B. This model in North America was affixed with the mandated 5 mph (8.0 km/h) bumpers, a new fascia and a LHD interior. The Datsun-200SX was initially sold with an MSRP of US$4,399, equivalent to US$23,000 today, making it a relatively cheap car for the time.[11] There are official photos of a trim level called the Datsun 200-SX/E which had window louvers, stripes, and a bodykit, however it appears to have never been produced.[12]
Its success in both markets was limited, most buyers opting for the Celica over what was considered the more mundane S-Chassis. The car had a drivetrain similar to the popular 510, but with leaf springs fitted at the rear, rather than the 510's independent suspension. During the 4-year lifespan of the S10, over 145,000 units were produced until production stopped in 1979.[13]
Even though the standard car had poor handling, Paul Newman built and raced a 1977 Datsun 200SX in the 1978 IMSA Class C where it won 19 out of 22 races.[14]
S110
[edit]| Nissan Silvia (S110) | |
|---|---|
Nissan Silvia 2000 ZSE-X Coupé (Japan) | |
| Overview | |
| Also called |
|
| Production | 1979–1983 |
| Assembly | Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Shatai Plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | |
| Platform | Nissan S platform |
| Related | Nissan Violet (A10) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission |
|
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,400 mm (94.5 in) |
| Length | 4,400 mm (173.2 in) |
| Width | 1,680 mm (66.1 in) |
| Height | 1,310 mm (51.6 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,105 kg (2,436 lb) |
This iteration of the Silvia (sold in United States and Canada as the Datsun 200SX and in Mexico as the Datsun Sakura, Japanese for cherry blossom), available as a 2-door hardtop coupe and a new bodystyle 3-door hatchback. The Japanese market version of the hatchback was called the Gazelle and was exclusive to Nissan Store locations sold alongside the Fairlady Z, while the coupe body style Silvia remained exclusive to Nissan Prince Store locations alongside the Skyline. Its sharp-edged styling was shared with the new Nissan Leopard sedan and coupé, also exclusive to Nissan Store.
Like the previous generation, the S110 Silvia was uniquely progressive in that it was originally intended to feature a rotary engine, designed and built by Nissan. The resulting unit was fairly unreliable, and forestalled production. Coincidentally, this Silvia shares its chassis code with the Mazda Cosmo, the first Japanese production car to feature a rotary engine. The chassis was shared with the B310 Nissan Sunny and the larger A10 Nissan Violet platform.
The car was redesigned shortly before it was released and the stillborn Wankel power plant was replaced by a line of twin-plug conventional piston engines from the new Z-series range. These included the Z20 and the turbocharged and later the fuel-injected Z18ET, although the latter of the two was only available to the Japanese domestic market and after the mid-life facelift. This took place in late May 1981 and included new bumpers and a reworked front design.[16] Albeit a sporting design, the 135 PS (99 kW) Turbo model received largely the same chassis as regular models and did not have any kind of turbocharger boost indicator.[16] At the time of the facelift, the DOHC FJ20-engined RS model was also introduced.
Gazelle
[edit]Nissan rebadged the Silvia as the Gazelle coupé and hatchback so that Nissan's different dealership networks in Japan could all carry their own variants of the model. There are minor cosmetic differences between the two cars such as grille pattern and taillight lenses.[16] Gazelle was treated as a more exclusive model, while the Silvia was the base and sporty models.
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The facelift model Nissan Gazelle XE-II Turbo in Japan
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1981-1983 Nissan Gazelle Turbo hatchback (S110) in Japan
North America
[edit]The Silvia continued to be sold as the 200SX in North America, with either the two-door coupé or the three-door liftback bodywork. It was originally powered by the 2.0 L inline-four L20B engine, although in 1980 California-market cars received the twin-plug Z20 NAPS-Z inline-four of the same displacement.[17] From the 1981 model year, this became the only engine available to the 200SX. Power is 100 hp (75 kW; 101 PS), channeled through a five-speed manual or a three-speed automatic and coupled with the H165 rear axle.[17] For 1982 the 200SX was facelifted and gained the 2.2-liter Z22E engine coupled with the sturdier H190 rear axle. This model produces 103 hp (77 kW) SAE at 5200 rpm.[18] There were no significant changes for 1983 and these were sold well into the 1984 model year, as the S12 did not appear until February 1984.[19]
The top model was the luxurious SL, which received a remote opening hood, trunk, and gas tank lid, more adjustable seats, and a removable glass skyroof.[17] The hatchback model received sportier trim, while the notchback coupé focused more on luxury.[20]
240RS
[edit]This generation saw the introduction of the Nissan 240RS (BS110), a coupe fitted with the 2.4-liter DOHC FJ24 engine. About 200 road going examples were built between 1983 and 1985 for homologation purposes, its production extending the end of the S110 itself. The resulting machine became Nissan's official rally car in the World Rally Championship from 1983 to 1985, with its best result a second-place finish in the 1983 New Zealand Rally.
Nissan also briefly competed with the regular Silvia: in 1982 Nissan confusingly homologated it as a bodystyle variant of the Violet (A10) under the name Datsun Violet GTS. This model used the same twin cam LZ20B engine as was installed in late competition variants of the Violet; the model had already been raced as a Silvia at the 1981 Safari Rally.[21] The Violet GTS' first outing was at the 1982 Rallye de Portugal, where team leader Timo Salonen failed to finish after the suspension broke.[22]
Chief Kogure's Gazelle
[edit]As part of their sponsorship of the series, Nissan provided several of their vehicles for the production of the police drama Seibu Keisatsu, including a one-off S110 Gazelle convertible driven by Chief Kogure.[citation needed]
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Kogure's Nissan Gazelle
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Rear view
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Interior
S12
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
| Nissan Silvia (S12) | |
|---|---|
Nissan Silvia RS-X Turbo (S12) in Japan | |
| Overview | |
| Also called |
|
| Production | August 1983 – 1988 |
| Assembly | Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Kyushu Plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | Nissan S platform |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission |
|
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,425 mm (95.5 in) |
| Length |
|
| Width |
|
| Height |
|
| Curb weight | 1,170 kg (2,580 lb) |
The S12 was produced from August 1983 to 1989, with revisions to the exterior trim in 1986 (referred to as "Mark II"). It used retractable pop-up headlights and was sold in two configurations — a coupé (often called a "notchback" due to the side profile view of its rear window section) and a hatchback version, which bore heavy resemblance to the liftback versions of the Toyota Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno AE86.
A number of different engines were equipped in the S12 chassis, depending on geographic market and production year, with an additional change in available engines again with the mid-cycle facelift. The NAPS system was carried over on the CA20E which replaced the Z engines of the S110 in North America. A CA18ET 1.8l turbo engine with ECCS was added for SE trims, Certain US trims had the S12 equipped with an optional VG30E V6 engine, also shared by the 300ZX (Z31). The FJ20 was replaced with the CA18DET in the Mk2 revision in markets where it was offered.
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Pre-facelift Nissan Gazelle GL hatchback (Australia)
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Nissan Silvia RS-X Turbo coupé (JDM; pre-facelift)
On the original, pre-facelift model, the bumpers featured matte-finish raised surfaces, and sides featured half-inch rubstripping. Cars featured a honeycomb radiator grille, and long corner lights. The RS-X trim in Japan and Europe received a hood bulge accent to accommodate the oversized dimensions of the FJ20E/ET engine, and featured a faux front vent with monogram (either FJ20, DOHC, or TURBO); In North America, the 1984 Turbo came with a "TURBO" monogrammed hood bulge accent, although all subsequent North American Mark I hoods were flat regardless of trim. In some markets, the 1984 and 1985 could be had with a foam rubber deck spoiler. In 1986 the foam rubber deck spoiler was changed for a fiberglass version with an integrated third brake light. Some hatchbacks and all Turbo models came with ground effects, as did the RS-X coupés These had a combination of plastic mudflaps (monogrammed as either "NISSAN", or "SILVIA" in applicable markets) and accommodating foam rubber sideskirts, as well as a foam rubber lower deflection lip. 1984 year foam rubber sideskirts featured the "NISSAN" monogram.
Facelift
[edit]-
Nissan 200SX XE hatchback; new rear lamps
-
1987 Nissan Silvia (UK; facelift)
In 1986, for the 1987 model year, the bumpers were updated, and the matte finished surfaces were eliminated for a more uniform surface. Rubstripping was increased to 2-inch height with scribe detailing. The honeycomb radiator grille was replaced with a slatted version that spanned the entire front end (previous was shorter), and cornerlights were shortened. The "SE" model and the Turbo (Canada, Europe) came with new fiberglass ground effects and mudflaps, painted in the color of the car, and a new and more pronounced lower deflection lip in the front. All facelift S12's received a new reverse-cowl hood bulge design to provide clearance for the new 3.0-litre V6. Optional rear mudflap accents were available.
Markets
[edit]Japan
[edit]As with the S110, the S12 chassis in Japan was badged as both a Silvia and a Gazelle. The S12 Silvia in Japan was available in a hatchback as a basic model only, or as a coupé (notchback) in base, RS, and RS-X trims and exclusive to Nissan Prince Store Japanese dealerships as a junior companion to the Nissan Skyline. The S12 Gazelle was strictly a hatchback, available in regular, RS and RS-X variants and exclusive to Nissan Store locations as a junior companion to the Fairlady ZX. The RS was equipped with the 2.0-litre DOHC "FJ" engine (FJ20E), while the RS-X was equipped with a turbocharged version of the same engine (FJ20ET). In 1987 Nissan discontinued the FJ Series engine in the S12 and replaced it with the CA18DET (Also with dual cams but a bigger turbocharger — the CA18DET). Japanese spec Gazelle models came with many options like voice command, fog lights and a variety of different engine options (FJ20E, FJ20ET, CA18DE, CA18E, CA18DET.).[23] The RS-X model also came with different factory alloy wheels. When the S13 Silvia was introduced in 1988 in Japan, the Gazelle nameplate was replaced with the Nissan 180SX as a junior companion to the 300ZX. In Australia there would not be a replacement until the introduction of the Silvia-based Nissan 200SX in 1995.
North America
[edit]The S12 series was badged as a "Nissan 200SX" in North America. It was introduced in February 1984, four months behind the rest of Nissan's 1984 models.[24] For fear that the North American market would not be as profitable as other markets throughout, Nissan executives only scheduled the manufacturing of 5,000 of each trim package/engine options in the final two years before the halt of production for the United States, which was in 1988.
The S12 "XE" notchback coupé, was only available with a 2.0-litre SOHC, non-turbo engine and made available with either a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic gearbox. (CA20E) The hatchback received both the 2.0L SOHC engine, and a 1.8L SOHC Turbo (non-intercooled) engine (CA18ET). For 1987 in the United States, Nissan discontinued the Turbo model and created the "SE" model which had a 3.0L SOHC VG30E V6 engine, generating 160 hp (119 kW) and 174 lbf⋅ft (236 N⋅m) of torque. This was similar to the engine offered in the non-turbo Z31 300ZX for that generation. This model received the RVS12 model code. For 1988 the "SE" model received a 5 hp (3.7 kW) gain from using the later "W" series revisions of the VG30E with a total output of 165 hp (123 kW) while torque remained the same at 174 lbf⋅ft (236 N⋅m).
Europe
[edit]The S12 chassis in Europe was badged as a "Silvia", with a notable exception of Sweden where it was sold as the "180ZX". "ZX" is traditionally associated with the Nissan Z-cars; the name change was done to avoid giving the car the same name as the Queen of Sweden. The ZX name was also used because Nissan's Swedish importer decided to stop carrying the Z31 300ZX when the naturally aspirated version was discontinued for Europe; the Silvia acted as a partial replacement for the Z-car in that region.[25]
The European S12 was available only in the hatchback configuration, few were equipped with a rally package that included a rally foot brace for the navigator, headlamp guards, headlamp dust cleaners, with the same 1.8L SOHC Turbo (CA18ET) used in North America, and in some areas the 2.0L DOHC "FJ" engine (FJ20E). These models equipped with the rally package were dubbed "Rally Spec". The "FJ" engine series was originally designed for the "DR30" Nissan Skyline chassis, in both turbocharged and naturally aspirated versions. The CA18ET was also available catalyzed, producing 122 PS (90 kW).
Australia
[edit]The S12 chassis in Australia, released in October 1983, was badged as a Gazelle. The Australian Gazelle was available in both hatchback and coupé variants.[26] It was equipped with the same 2.0-litre SOHC CA20E engine found in North America producing 78 kW (105 hp) at 5,200 rpm, and 160 N⋅m (118 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3,200 rpm.[27] This engine was mated to either a five-speed manual gearbox or a four-speed automatic.[27]
Trim levels comprised the GL hatchback (basic) and the luxury-oriented SGL coupé.
According to the May 1984 brochure, the coupé added: alloy wheels, mudflaps, electric windows/mirrors/antenna, a six speaker sound system (over four), time delay interior lighting, variable intermittent wipers, an armrest, carpet kickpads, and cloth headlining/sunvisors/door trims (over vinyl).[27] An option pack for the coupé added air conditioning, power steering, and power sunroof. The hatchback's option pack added air conditioning, power steering, and power sunroof.[27]
By the time of the August 1985 brochure, the coupé's option pack had been deleted, but the standard SGL coupé added power steering and a manual sunroof (a power sunroof was no longer offered).[28] Air conditioning remained as an option, while power steering was added to the hatchback's option pack.[28] The alloy wheel design was also changed.[27][28]
The facelift model was released to Australia in late 1986.
Engine
[edit]| Engine | Variance | Cylinders | Displacement | Valvetrain | Aspiration | Power | Torque | Drivetrain | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA18S | Japan | 4 | 1809 cc | SOHC 8-valve | natural | 100 PS (99 hp; 74 kW) at 5600 rpm | 149 N⋅m (110 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm | Rear-wheel drive | 3-speed automatic / 5-speed manual |
| CA18E | 115 PS (113 hp; 85 kW) at 6000 rpm | 162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) at 3600 rpm | |||||||
| CA18ET | North America | Single turbo | 120 hp (122 PS; 89 kW) at 5200 rpm | 134 lb⋅ft (182 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm | 4-speed automatic / 5-speed manual | ||||
| CA18E | 122 PS (120 hp; 90 kW) at 5200 rpm | 184 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) at 3200 rpm | |||||||
| dual ignition, Europe |
135 PS (133 hp; 99 kW) at 6000 rpm | 187 N⋅m (138 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm | |||||||
| CA18DET | Japan | DOHC 16-valve | 169 hp (171 PS; 126 kW) at 6400 rpm | 156 lb⋅ft (212 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm | |||||
| CA20E | North America | 1974 cc | SOHC 8-valve | Natural | 102 hp (103 PS; 76 kW) at 5200 rpm | 116 lb⋅ft (157 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm | |||
| dual ignition, Australia |
78 kW (105 hp; 106 PS) at 5200 rpm | 118 lb⋅ft (160 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm | |||||||
| FJ20E | Germany | 1990 cc | DOHC 16-valve | 145 PS (143 hp; 107 kW) at 6400 rpm | 129 lb⋅ft (175 N⋅m) at 4800 rpm | 5-speed manual | |||
| FJ20ET | — | Single turbo | 190 PS (187 hp; 140 kW) at 6500 rpm | 173 lb⋅ft (235 N⋅m) at 4800 rpm | |||||
| VG30E | North America (1987) | 6 | 2960 cc | SOHC 12-valve | Natural | 160 hp (162 PS; 119 kW) at 5200 rpm | 174 lb⋅ft (236 N⋅m) at 4800 rpm | 4-speed automatic / 5-speed manual | |
| North America (1988) | 165 hp (167 PS; 123 kW) at 5200 rpm |
Special Editions
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
In Europe, a limited-run (~250 units?) version of the S12 was produced and sold as the "Silvia Grand Prix" model. Based on a Mark I chassis, it was powered by the FJ20E (with a few known to be sold with the CA18DET), and featured molded-in fiberglass wide body fenders and quarter sections and special edition wheels.
The exterior takes design cues from popular European rally cars of the time, although Nissan's choice of the FJ20E over the FJ20ET suggests this was more of a "rally inspired" car rather than a serious performance trim. The Silvia Grand Prix holds the distinction as one of the rarest incarnations of the S12, along with the CA18DET-engined RS-X in Japan.
In Japan, a special anniversary model was produced and sold as the "50th Anniversary Version" with the CA18DET. Between 100 and 300 units were sold. It came with a white and gold two tone decals and interior, gold wheels, an electronic instrument cluster and navigation system, a voice warning system, gold badges and gold keys.[23]
Motorsports
[edit]The elimination of Group B from the World Rally Championship signified the end of Nissan's FJ24-powered 240RS. The FJ20ET-powered Silvia RS-X of 1986 would have been Nissan's first choice, however, there was an insufficient number of that exact trim sold in Japan to meet the WRC's Homologation requirements (minimum 5000 units). Therefore, Nissan had to quickly find a car to replace the 240RS.
The North American 1987 200SX SE V6 was chosen and competed in 1986-89 as a 200SX. Nissan's creation and choice of this car ensured they could sell 5000 cars required for WRC Homologation. The S12 "SE" trim's V6 held the only real appeal to the North American market, allowing Nissan to sell right at 5000 cars to a single specification. The V6 was a very unusual choice as the WRC was dominated by 4-cylinder 2.0 L turbocharged engines, although for similar reasons Toyota entered WRC with the 6-cylinder Supra at the same time. The 200SX achieved a first place in the 1988 Ivory Coast Rally and second place for two years running in the very challenging Safari Rally 1988 and Safari Rally 1989.
Mark Skaife won the 1987 Australian 2.0 Litre Touring Car Championship driving a Nissan Gazelle entered by the Nissan Motor Company.
Motorsports in Japan
[edit]The Silvia S12 competed in the JSS (Japan Supersports Series) throughout the 1980s, when many of the top tuners got their start. They featured 15"x10"J wheels under the "Fisco" wide body kit. The JSS S12's made between 280PS to 340PS from the FJ20ET and CA18DET from 1987. The "HKS World Trade Silvia" sponsored and engineered by tuners HKS and Tomei ran in this series.
S13
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
| Nissan Silvia (S13) | |
|---|---|
Nissan Silvia (S13) Q's | |
| Overview | |
| Production | May 1988 – October 1993 |
| Assembly | Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Shatai Plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door coupé 2-door convertible 2-door fastback/hatchback |
| Platform | Nissan S platform |
| Related | Nissan 180SX Nissan 200SX (Europe) Nissan 240SX (North America) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,475 mm (97.4 in) |
| Length | 4,521 mm (178.0 in) |
| Width | 1,689 mm (66.5 in) |
| Height | 1,290 mm (50.8 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,180–1,224 kg (2,601–2,698 lb) |
The S13 Silvia was introduced in mid-1988. Upon its introduction, it became immensely popular in Japan and won the 1988 Car of the Year Japan Award. The Silvia was no longer exported, however; rebadged 180SXs were instead sold in most markets. European versions of this car were still known as the 200SX, while in North America, the S13 (with the 180SX front in all three different body-styles) was known as the 240SX. The 200SX nameplate was on hiatus in that region but would return on a 2-door coupé version of the B14 Nissan Sunny/Sentra (1995–99), itself based on the Japan-only 2-door Nissan Lucino. Following industry trends, the S13 Silvia switched to relampable fixed headlights. Projector optics were offered as an option.
In Japan, Nissan renamed the Gazelle as the Nissan 180SX, which was exported to North America primarily under the name Nissan 240SX. The 180SX served as the junior companion to the Fairlady ZX at Nissan Bluebird Store Japanese dealerships. As before, the Silvia was exclusive to Japanese dealerships called Nissan Prince Store next to the Skyline.
The S13 Silvia coupé was made from 1988 to 1994, overlapping with the S14 Silvia introduced in 1993. The Nissan Silvia used fixed headlights; whereas the 180SX, simply a hatchback version of the Silvia, introduced at the same time used pop-up headlights. The hatchback version, called the 180SX, replaced the Gazelle name in Japan and remained in production until 1998.
The S13 was one of the first uses of Nissan's multi-link rear suspension, the technology of which was previewed in concept cars in previous years, such as the Nissan MID4. It also offered a four-wheel steering system for the first time, known as HICAS-II. In 1990, HICAS-II was updated and renamed as Super HICAS. The S13 also saw the introduction of a viscous-type limited slip differential for some models.
S13 Silvias were initially powered by the CA18DE and CA18DET engines carried over from the end of S12 production, with an intercooler added to the CA18DET for a slight increase in stability and power. The naturally aspirated engine was offered in the J's and Q's model, while the turbocharged engine came in the K's.[29] In mid-1990, (for the 1991 model year) the SR20DE and SR20DET engines debuted, offering improvements across the board in power and torque due to increased displacement and a more efficient turbocharger than was offered on the previous cars. One of the other simple changes that were made between the CA generation and the SR generation was the switch to a single colour paint job instead of the two-tone colour sets that were previously offered, with only a few two-tone colour options available. On top of this, the SR motor later debuted another variant of the platform known simply as the "blacktop". Identifiable by its black and silver rocker-cover (as opposed to the traditional red/silver cover), it featured a number of minor changes, which resulted in little performance gains. It is vastly different from the more powerful "notch top" used in the S14 and S15 variants.
In the U.S. the S13 was replaced after the 1994 model year by the new S14 design. It lived on until 1998 in Japan with a major facelift, the 180SX Aero (Type X/Type S/Type R). This is known as the "Kouki" generation, while the previous (or 'middle') generation was referred to as "Chuki". Sold alongside the then-current S14 models, these Kouki models featured newly designed tail-lights and a redesigned aero body kit, along with being outfitted with an airbag.
In 1998, the S13 Silvia was resurrected, in part, by a variant produced by Japanese tuning company Kid's Heart for Nissan called the Sileighty, which featured the 180SX hatchback body with the front end of the Silvia. About 500 units of the Sileighty made by Kid's Heart were produced. The Sileighty was originally created by Japanese enthusiasts for their own 180SXs, and is currently a common modification for both the 180SX and 240SX fastback. A Sileighty appears in the Japanese manga and anime series Initial D (based around the Japanese motorsports of touge and drifting), where it was featured in one of the first battles in the manga as well as in one of the last battles in First Stage.
The creation of the Sileighty was then followed by another version of the Silvia known as the Onevia. Based on the chassis of the S13, the front end of the Silvia would be removed and replaced with the front end of a 180SX. The Onevia was never retailed as a complete car in Japan (though it was in North America: the coupé version of the 240SX used the same body shell as the Silvia but with the 180SX/240SX nose).
The Mitsuoka Le-Seyde was a retro-styled car built in a very limited series in the early 1990s, based on the S13 Silvia. It uses the S13 Silvia's centre portion, engine, and underpinnings.
Convertible
[edit]A Silvia convertible was briefly offered soon after the start of production and sold in limited numbers. Demand was low at the time due to high cost (3.25 million Yen in 1988), heavier curb weight, and chassis flex. The Silvia convertibles were a conversion done by Autech Japan, Inc.[30] and the production was entrusted to Takada Kogyo with a manufacture date of July 1988. A total of 603 Autech convertibles were produced in the following colour codes: TH1 - velvet blue (430), 5G7 - green two-tone lime (50), 5H6 - warm two-tone white (70), AH3 - cranberry red (40), and DH0 dark green (10). The other three were made to order for Nissan and the colours are unknown. They came equipped with K's trim grade, which included the turbocharged CA18DET engine. All of the 600 publicly available cars were sold with a 4-speed automatic transmission.
It was unrelated to the 240SX convertible offered in North America in 1992, which was a local conversion done by ASC.
Trim level designations
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
The S13 Silvia was the first S-series car to use the J's, Q's, and K's designations for the different trim packages. These names are references to the face cards of English playing cards.
The J's was the base model. The Q's model offered a slightly more refined experience and received electric options and an available LSD. The K's grade received the turbocharged CA18DET or SR20DET (depending on the year of manufacture) in addition to the options offered on the Q's.
On top of the K's and Q's models, the Club and Diamond Selection packages came with specific options bundled together. For example, all K's Club Selections came with projector headlamps, a rear spoiler, and 15" aluminum wheels while all Q's models came out with automatic climate control.
Late in the S13 Silvia's production, a new base model trim known as the A's "Almighty" (or "Ace") trim was introduced in late 1992 to replace the previous J's base model trim, and according to some sources had a limited manufacturing run of fewer than 150. Trim-wise, the Almighty offered options not available on the J's (such as the 15" alloy wheels) but also not including all the standard features of the Q's (power windows and sunroof). The only available powertrain was the naturally aspirated SR20DE with a five-speed manual transmission, the same as on the Q's.
There were a number of different headlight options over the years, including triple projectors, dual projectors and square projectors (usually referred to as "bricks").
Engine
[edit]| CA18DE | CA18DET | SR20DE | SR20DET | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspiration | Naturally Aspirated | Single Turbo | Naturally Aspirated | Single Turbo |
| Valvetrain | DOHC/SOHC 16 valve | |||
| Cylinders | 4 | |||
| Displacement | 1809cc | 1998cc | ||
| Power at rpm | 135 PS (99 kW; 133 hp) at 6400 | 175 PS (129 kW; 173 hp) at 6400[29] | 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 6400 | 205 PS (151 kW; 202 hp) at 6000 |
| Torque at rpm | 159 N⋅m (117 lb⋅ft) at 4000 | 225 N⋅m (166 lbf⋅ft) at 4000 | 178 N⋅m (131 lbf⋅ft) at 4800 | 274 N⋅m (202 lbf⋅ft) at 4000 |
| Drivetrain | Rear wheel drive | |||
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic/5-speed manual | |||
S14
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
| Nissan Silvia (S14) | |
|---|---|
Pre-facelift Nissan Silvia 200SX in Australia | |
| Overview | |
| Also called |
|
| Production |
|
| Assembly | Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Shatai Plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door coupé |
| Platform | Nissan S platform |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,525 mm (99.4 in) |
| Length | 4,520 mm (178.0 in) |
| Width | 1,730 mm (68.1 in) |
| Height | 1,295 mm (51.0 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,253 kg (2,762 lb) |
The S14 Silvia debuted in Japan towards the end of 1993. It was lower and wider than the S13. New rounded styling contributed to the illusion of a greater increase in size than actually occurred. Wheelbase and track were both increased, leading to slightly improved handling. Unlike export markets, where sales of the S14 chassis variants faltered, the Silvia remained popular in Japan. However, the width dimension exceeded 1,700 mm (67 in), which pushed this generation out of the compact class tax bracket and made Japanese buyers liable for higher road taxes. Sales of the S14 also faltered because specialty car buyers at the time were moving to RVs and SUVs. The fastback and convertible bodystyles were discontinued internationally, leaving only the coupé in production.
Trim level designations were similar to the S13, however the Club Selection package was dropped. "Aero" variants of the Q's and K's were offered that featured large rear wings and mild ground effects.
The S14 Silvia K's received a new version of the SR20DET, with a slight bump in power due to the implementation of Nissan's variable cam timing system known as N-VCT, on the intake cam, and a larger T28 turbocharger. The engine now produced 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 6000 rpm and 274 N⋅m (202 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4800 rpm.[31]
There was a mild styling update to the S14 during 1996, which added aggressive-looking projector headlamps and tinted taillights to all models. The older version is known as the zenki (前期, literally "prior period"). Fascias and other exterior trim pieces were also revised. The turbocharger now used a more efficient ball bearing center section. This updated version is also known as the kouki (後期, literally "later period") S14, or by enthusiasts as the S14A. It was sold as the second generation 240SX in North America from 1995 to 1998, equipped with the non-turbo KA24DE engine. The final model year of S14 production in all markets was 1999, called the Touring Model, which had a better engine block, pistons, and better acceleration in lower gears.
Nismo 270R
[edit]The 270R is a limited edition version of the S14 developed by Nissan Motorsports, produced only in 1994. The vehicle was built on the S14 chassis but had many enhancements over the Silvia. The '270' is in reference to the horsepower of the car as opposed to the displacement of the engine. The 270R featured a vented hood with a front-mounted intercooler, Nismo 'Edge' Aero kit, heavy duty clutch, 2-way limited slip differential, NISMO logo front and rear seats among other upgrades. All the 270s were painted Black with 'Nismo 270R' badging above the rear wheels and a product numbered plaque in the glove compartment. Only 50 270Rs were built.[32]
Autech Version K's MF-T
[edit]Tuning company Autech built a tuned adaption of the CS14 King's variant. It includes an Aero style HUD with white displays and gauges for oil pressure, boost, and voltage in the centre console, along with a MOMO steering wheel and leather gear knob. The interior trim is also revised.
Its powered by an Autech-tuned SR20DET that produces 182 kW (244 hp; 247 PS). An IHI ball bearing turbo (VN14) was fitted in favour of the Garrett T28 for slightly quicker response and flow. Larger 480 cc injectors found in the later S15 Spec R's were also fitted as well as a thicker 80 mm intercooler also found in S15's. To help expel exhaust, a higher flowing Fujitsubo Giken (FGK) exhaust was fitted. Handling improvements include multi-link suspension, firmer shocks and springs, front strut brace, and a rear sway bar. A large F40 style rear spoiler and aero bodykit with Autech indicators are also fitted. An "Autech Version K's MF-T" badge and sticker can be found on the boot.
S15
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2018) |
| Nissan Silvia (S15) | |
|---|---|
Nissan Silvia (S15) Spec-S in Japan | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Nissan 200SX (Australia and New Zealand) |
| Production | January 1999 – August 2002 |
| Assembly | Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Shatai Plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style |
|
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | Nissan S platform |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission |
|
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,525 mm (99.4 in) |
| Length | 4,445 mm (175.0 in) |
| Width | 1,695 mm (66.7 in) |
| Height | 1,285 mm (50.6 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,200–1,450 kg (2,646–3,197 lb) |
In 1999, Japan saw a new version of the Silvia, the S15, now producing 250 PS (247 bhp; 184 kW) at 6,400 rpm and 275 N⋅m; 203 lbf⋅ft (28 kg⋅m) of torque at 4,800 rpm from its SR20DET inline-four engine,[33] thanks to a ball bearing turbocharger upgrade, as well as an improved engine management system. The non-turbo SR20DE produces 165 PS (163 bhp; 121 kW).[34]
The S15 Silvia included aggressive styling inside and out, updating the previous Silvia styling in-line with modern car design trends. The body dimensions were reduced from the previous generation so that it would comply with Japanese Government compact class, which had an effect on sales of the previous model.
The S15 Silvia model lineup was initially simplified to just Spec-S and Spec-R, with both models offering an "Aero" variant with a large rear wing, side skirts, valances and front bumper.
This generation of the Silvia was only sold new in Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In Australia and New Zealand the car was sold as the Nissan 200SX.
Production of the Silvia ended amidst Nissan's efforts to reduce its myriad of platforms. Nissan stopped producing the S platform in August 2002, with the S15-series Nissan Silvia being the final variant. The S15 Silvia was therefore the last car to use the Silvia name, as well as being the last sports car by Nissan to use a true FR layout. Nissan's current worldwide sports car platform is the front midship FM platform, which underpins the Z33/34 Fairlady Z (the 350/370Z outside Japan) sports car and the V35/37 Nissan Skyline (the Infiniti G35/37 in North America) luxury-sport sedan and coupé.
Variants
[edit]Spec-R
[edit]The Spec-R was fitted with a turbocharged SR20DET engine, and differed from previous Silvia models by featuring a 6-speed manual gearbox as well as a 4-speed automatic transmission. The Spec-R also included extensive chassis and suspension strengthening via the use of larger anti-roll bars and strut bracing. The S15 featured the same 4-piston front brake calipers that were found in the Z32 300ZX but included a larger brake booster.
One of the biggest changes to the S15 model of the Silvia fitted with the 6-speed manual transmission built by Aisin Seiki was the implementation of a helical limited-slip differential. The result was a safer, more track suited drive; in some contrast to its drifting heritage and subsequent media attention. All other versions of the Silvia (S14, S15 Spec S JDM) came with the viscous limited slip differential.
HICAS (High Capacity Active Steering) four-wheel steering was available as an option.
Spec-S
[edit]The Spec-S was fitted with a naturally aspirated SR20DE engine, and featured a 5-speed manual transmission (in addition to a 4-speed automatic available on both the Spec-S and the Spec-R). It lacked the additional chassis support of the Spec-R, featured 2-piston front brake calipers and a slightly smaller brake booster. The Spec-S came only with an open differential with an optional LSD. Australian-delivered Spec-S models featured the same helical differential, chassis bracing and 6 speed manual transmission as the Australian market Spec-R models.[35]
The S15 line was later expanded to include various luxury and upgrade option packages for both the Spec-S and Spec-R. Autech, a specialty car developer, also offered several tuned versions of the S15; one with body and interior trim modeled after the Ferrari 456, called the style-A, available in both Spec-S and Spec-R based trims; and a second tuned version was based on the Spec-S trim level with the engine output increased to 200 hp (149 kW) through the use of increased compression, more aggressive camshafts, and free-breathing intake and exhaust tracts, along with ECU tuning and upgrades to the chassis and suspension. This version also included the 6-speed transmission and other upgrades normally found only in the Spec-R.
Silvia Varietta
[edit]In Japan, Nissan offered a retractable hardtop variant of the Silvia, called the Varietta. The Varietta was built by Autech and was based on the Spec-S model, featuring the same naturally aspirated engine, with a choice of the 5-speed manual transmission or the 4-speed automatic transmission. Only 1143 cars were produced.[36]
New Le-Seyde
[edit]Mitsuoka produced an updated version of their Mitsuoka Le-Seyde (also known as the New Le-Seyde) based on the S15 Silvia, built in limited quantities in 2000. As with the original Le-Seyde, it used the S15 Silvia's centre portion, engine, and underpinnings.
Australian and New Zealand versions
[edit]The Australian and New Zealand versions of the Silvia S15 were sold as the Nissan 200SX, with the two regions having differences between each other. These models were never officially sold with the option of a naturally aspirated SR20DE in those regions, especially with the Australian-spec Spec-S model.[citation needed]
New Zealand version
[edit]The New Zealand market received the S15 Silvia in May 1999. These were official models from Nissan unlike with the Australian S15 Silvia that came out a year later. They came offered with the SR20DET engine. The New Zealand S15s were Japan-spec from the factory and modified by New Zealand vehicle dealerships to meet New Zealand road requirements. These modifications included an antenna on the rear right quarter panel, an optional 2-spoke spoiler, New Zealand-spec brochures, and 200SX badges (which are located on the rear bumper instead of the boot lid). To comply with New Zealand's road regulations, the New Zealand S15s had a "JN1" VIN on a metal plaque placed over the JDM VIN on the firewall.
In total, 477 200SXs were sold in New Zealand from July 1997 to August 2002, which included S14 models. This does not include the few 40+ S15s from May 1999 to July 1999, as they weren't included in the official Nissan databases. The reasons for these exclusions are unknown.[citation needed]
Australian version
[edit]The Australian market received the S15 Silvia in October 2000. Unlike with the New Zealand-spec S15 Silvia that came about a year prior, these were not official models from Nissan, and was built to different specs from the factory, featuring a unique 17-digit VIN instead of the Japanese "S15-XXXXXX" one. It was offered in the Spec-R and Spec-S trims, all with the SR20DET engine. The main difference between the two was that the Spec-R was offered from the factory with a sunroof. The engine was de-tuned to meet Australian fuel regulations; power outputs decreased from 247 bhp to 197 bhp. The car also received various other changes from Japanese models to lower costs, some of which being the removal of the rear window wiper, sun-visor mirrors, A-pillar boost gauge, auto-climate control, and electric folding mirrors. The steering wheel was changed to the one found in the R34 Nissan Skyline 25GT Turbo (GT-T), however the Australian market did receive a 260 km/h speedometer instead of the 180 km/h speedometer in the Japanese version.
Available at the end of 200SX production for Australia was the "GT" edition, available on both the Spec-S and Spec-R. This featured the "L Package" interior and the "Aero" Wing of the Japanese models. All GTs received darker colour wheels and GT badges taken from the Nissan Skyline GT-R located on the fenders. Additionally, chrome interior door handles, chrome gear selector surround, "sports" metal pedal sets were standard on the GT.
In total, 3,879 Australian 200SXs were produced, making up just over 10 percent of S15 production.[36]
Revival
[edit]In September 5th 2024, an interview from the Australian "Drive." magazine, Nissan Vice-President Global Product Strategy "Ivan Espinosa" confirmed a new third sports car in the works slotted below the Z and the GT-R and will revive the Silvia name. It is unclear whether if the next generation of the vehicle will be fully electric (EV) or will use a hybrid system, and the project is still at its infancy and has yet to have production confirmation.[37]
Motorsport
[edit]The S-chassis is a popular drift car and time attack car, especially the S13 through S15 vehicles. This is due to the extreme versatility and huge aftermarket for the S-chassis; many professional racing cars have been built with off-the-shelf suspension and engine components. The car has enjoyed success, having won 11 D1 Grand Prix championships with 8 different drivers driving the S15 (Nobuteru Taniguchi: 2001; Ryuji Miki: 2004; Yasuyuki Kazama: 2005; Masato Kawabata: 2007; Youichi Imamura: 2009, 2010, 2011; Masashi Yokoi: 2018, 2019; Masanori Kohashi: 2020; Naoki Nakamura: 2021). Odi Bakchis, a pro-level drifter from USA who started drifting in 2011, has an S14 that races in Formula Drift, finishing third in the Formula Drift USA Championship. He has multiple event wins and has placed in the top five overall in Formula Drift for the past 4 years. In 2017, 2018 and 2019 Formula Drift driver James Deane campaigned and won the PRO championship in the Worthouse Drift Team S15.[38]
In Europe, the S13 has also been very popular with pro-level drifters, especially in countries like the United Kingdom, Poland, France, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Russia and Ukraine. While some have opted to keep the SR20DET engine, most drivers swap this for the more powerful RB25DET unit, or even the Toyota Supra derived 2JZ, like Pawel Trela from Poland.[39]
Silvias were raced successfully in the All-Japan GT Championship (now Super GT) and its predecessors. The S14 and S15 generations of the Silvia won the GT300 class championship in 1997 and 2001, respectively. In the late eighties, when Group B was banned, S110 and S12 Silvias also saw limited success in rallying, mainly on endurance rallies. During the S13's production, there was a one-make series in Japan. The S13s were also successful in racing in the IMSA GTU class during the 1990s.
The Silvia S15 of Under Suzuki has dominated the Tsukuba circuit lap time record for some time. After it defeated the HKS CT230R LanEvo for the record in 2012, Under Suzuki's S15 has been resetting Tsukuba's lap time record. The latest lap record is currently timed at 50.366s, even faster than an official JGTC race car ARTA NSX.[40][41][42][43]
References
[edit]- ^ "ギリシャ神話の名前が付いたクルマ5選".
- ^ "日産の名車「シルビア」の凄さを振り返る".
- ^ Australian Motor Manual's 1967 Road Test Annual, page 40
- ^ 1965 Nissan Silvia CSP311, www.earlydatsun.com Archived 24 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 15 February 2015
- ^ "Nissan A550x". Retro Rides.org. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ "FROM ALBRECHT TO Z". ViaRetro. Viaretro. 12 May 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ a b "TYPE CSP 311 – Z.ONE – ZONE DATSUN.FR" (in French). Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ "Schools in: S-chassis history lesson". The Motorhood. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ "Nissan Silvia". Automotive Engineering International. 107. Society of Automotive Engineers: 23. 1999.
- ^ "Silvia". Nissan: Heritage Collection. Nissan Motor Company. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Silvia: Type S10". Zone Datsun (in French). Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ carsthatnevermadeitetc, carsthatnevermadeitetc (29 December 2019). "Dead brands, cars that were developed but never put into series production, sales disasters and other motoring curiosities, car news and random automotive history". Tumblr. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ^ Mehta, Devansh (4 February 2021). "NISSAN SILVIA S10 – 2ND-GENERATION (1975-1979) JAPANESE LEGENDS". emanualonline. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ Ferrara, Michael (19 July 2016). "Paul Newman's Datsun 200SX Racecar Returns to the Tarmac". DSPORT Magazine. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ 1981 Datsun Silvia brochure cover (France), www.flickr.com Retrieved on 19 March 2015
- ^ a b c Hall, Bob (24 August 1981). "Japan's version of the 200SX gets a definite boost". Autoweek. Vol. 31, no. 34. Crain Press Inc. p. 14. ISSN 0192-9674.
- ^ a b c Hogg, Tony (ed.). "1981 Buyer's Guide". Road & Track's Road Test Annual & Buyer's Guide 1981 (January–February 1981): 90.
- ^ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (10 March 1983). Automobil Revue '83. Vol. 78. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG. pp. 404–405. ISBN 3-444-06065-3.
- ^ Flammang, James M. (1994). Standard Catalog of Imported Cars, 1946-1990. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, Inc. p. 173. ISBN 0-87341-158-7.
- ^ Datsun: Suggested retail prices for 1981 Datsun Models★ (Sales Training/Dealer Support), Gardena, CA: Nissan Motor Corporation in U.S.A., 25 September 1980, pp. 4–5
- ^ Bishop, Hugh (11 March 1982). "Michele takes another". Autosport. Vol. 86, no. 10. Haymarket Publishing. pp. 18–19.
- ^ Oliveira, André (4 May 2013). "16. Rallye de Portugal - Vinho do Porto 1982". eWRC-results.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022.
- ^ a b "TYPE S12 / S13 NISSAN (180SX-200SX-) – Z.ONE – ZONE DATSUN.FR" (in French). Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ Flammang, p. 174
- ^ Svallner, Björn (11 November 1987). "Nya motorer från Nissan" [New engines from Nissan]. Teknikens Värld (in Swedish). 39 (24). Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB: 20.
- ^ "Nissan Gazelle". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Nissan Gazelle (S12) brochure" (PDF). Nissan Australia. May 1984. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2010.
- ^ a b c "Nissan Gazelle (S12) brochure" (PDF). Nissan Australia. August 1985. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Nissan | Heritage Collection | Silvia Q's". www.nissan-global.com. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ "1988年発売 シルビア コンバーチブル | クルマのあゆみ | 株式会社オーテックジャパン".
- ^ "Nissan | Heritage Collection | Silvia K's Type S". www.nissan-global.com. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ D, Nick (29 January 2016). "1994 NISMO 270R". Supercars.net. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ "1999 Nissan Silvia spec-R S15 GF-S15". carfolio.com. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "1999 Nissan Silvia spec-S S15 GF-S15". carfolio.com. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Nissan Factory Service Manual - Free Nissan FSM". Guapro Media. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Nissan Silvia +200SX S15 VIN Table". gtr-registry.com. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ "Nissan starts work on new Silvia/200SX with electrified engine". Drive. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ Terrell, Joe (20 August 2019). "Ultimate Nissan Silvia S15 Guide". Drifted. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
- ^ "Pawel Trela's Nissan 200SX S13 - Japtalk". Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ "Tsukuba Circuit lap time record: 51.127!". Farmofminds.com. 26 December 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
- ^ "Under Suzuki resets Tsukuba lap record – again! – World Time Attack Challenge". Worldtimeattack.com. 7 December 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
- ^ "Uncharted Territory: Under Suzuki's 52-sec Lap". Speedhunters.com. 20 December 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
- ^ "Time Attacked: Is It All Over?". 9 December 2017.
External links
[edit]- SilviaOC.com - Official Silvia Owners Club (International) - Forums, Guides, Technical Support, Events, Downloads, Classified Adverts and more
- S12Silvia.com - Blog, Forum, and Tech for the International S12 Community
- 200SX.gr Archived 3 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine Hellas 200sx Club
- SXOC UK 200sx owners club
- Nissan Silvia S15—Archive of Nissan's official site for the S15 Silvia. (in Japanese)
- Club-S12.org - International Nissan Silvia/Gazelle/200SX S12 Site - International Nissan S12 Chassis specific site.
- Nissan Silvia Archived 15 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine—Australian Nissan Silvia Club.
- SilviaWA - Nissan Silvia Car Club of Western Australia
- Zilvia - S chassis and Z chassis owners
- Ultimate Nissan Silvia S15 Guide - S15 model information, specifications, motorsport history and common performance upgrades
- History of the Silvia Autospeed Magazine (note: some technical inaccuracies and minor nomenclature errors)
- Paper scale model of the Nissan Silvia. To download, print and build yourself.
- http://gtr-registry.com/en-s15-silvia-200sx.php#S15ColoursBreakdown